Marine fishes of the Azores - Repositório da Universidade dos Açores

EDITOR: Helen Rost Martins<br />

PUBLISHER/ CASA EDITORA: Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Rua <strong>da</strong> Mãe de Deus, 9500 Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong><br />

(<strong>Açores</strong>) Portugal.<br />

COVER/ CAPA: Illustration by Paula Gaspar (scratchboard and water colour). Drift wood in open sea<br />

with several fish species associated: Schedophilus ovalis, Kyphosus sp., Balistes carolinensis and<br />

Naucrates ductor (based on underwater photographs by R. S. Santos).<br />

Ilustração de Paula Gaspar (scratchboard e aguarela). Tronco de árvore em oceano aberto com várias<br />

espécies de peixes associa<strong>da</strong>s: Schedophilus ovalis, Kyphosus sp., Balistes carolinensis e Naucrates<br />

ductor (baseado em diversos diapositivos de R. S. Santos).<br />

Arquipélago- Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences (Supplement 1)<br />

Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Arquipélago- Ciências Biológicas e Marinhas (Suplemento 1)<br />

Boletim <strong>da</strong> Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong><br />

Depósito legal: 85081/97<br />

Horta/ Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>/ Terra Chã - 1997<br />

Printed/ Impresso: Tipografia NOVA GRÁFICA (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>)<br />

ISBN 972-9340-92-7<br />

ISSN 0873-4704

---

<strong>Marine</strong> Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

annotated checklist and bibliography<br />

A Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean <strong>Marine</strong> Ichthyodiversity<br />

Ricardo Serrão Santos, Filipe Mora Porteiro<br />

& João Pedro Barreiros

---

The publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present work was funded by <strong>the</strong> Junta Nacional de<br />

Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (JNICT)- Lisboa. The research was made<br />

possible through grants received from Secretaria Regional <strong>da</strong> Agricultura e Pescas-<br />

Horta (<strong>Açores</strong>), INVOTAN- Lisboa, Fun<strong>da</strong>ção Calouste Gulbenkian- Lisboa,<br />

Fun<strong>da</strong>ção Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento- Lisboa. The work was<br />

developed at <strong>the</strong> Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

ii

---

This work is a tribute to Pr<strong>of</strong>. José Ávila Martins<br />

in recognition to his devotion for <strong>the</strong> build up<br />

and streng<strong>the</strong>ning <strong>of</strong> marine research in <strong>the</strong><br />

University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

iii

---

Abstract 1<br />

Resumo 1<br />

Introduction 2<br />

Material and methods 4<br />

Checklist 7<br />

Class Chondrichthyes 7<br />

Order Chimaeriformes 7<br />

Chimaeri<strong>da</strong>e 7<br />

Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Hydrolagus pallidus. Hardy & Stehmann, 1990<br />

Order Orectolobiformes 7<br />

Rhincodonti<strong>da</strong>e 7<br />

Rhincodon typus Smith, 1829<br />

Order Carcharhiniformes 7<br />

Pseudotriaki<strong>da</strong>e 7<br />

Pseudotriakis microdon Capello, 1868<br />

Triaki<strong>da</strong>e 8<br />

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e 8<br />

Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)<br />

Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1865)<br />

Galeocerdo cuvieri (Peron & Lesueur, 1822)<br />

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Order Lamniformes 9<br />

Odontaspidi<strong>da</strong>e 9<br />

Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810)<br />

Alopii<strong>da</strong>e 9<br />

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Cetorhini<strong>da</strong>e 10<br />

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)<br />

Lamni<strong>da</strong>e 10<br />

Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

v

---

Order Hexanchiformes 11<br />

Hexanchi<strong>da</strong>e 11<br />

Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Order Squaliformes 11<br />

Dalatii<strong>da</strong>e 11<br />

Centroscymnus coelolepis Bocage & Capello, 1864<br />

Centroscymnus crepi<strong>da</strong>ter (Bocage & Capello, 1864)<br />

Centroscymnus cryptacanthus Regan, 1906<br />

Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904<br />

Etmopterus pusillus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929<br />

Scymno<strong>da</strong>latias garricki Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988<br />

Squaliolus laticaudus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912<br />

Centrophori<strong>da</strong>e 13<br />

Centrophorus granulosus (Schneider, 1801)<br />

Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Deania calceus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Deania pr<strong>of</strong>undorum (Smith & Ratcliffe, 1912)<br />

Order Rajiformes 14<br />

Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e 14<br />

Torpedo (Tetronarce) nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835<br />

Raji<strong>da</strong>e 14<br />

Raja (Leucoraja) fullonica Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Raja (Raja) brachyura Lafont, 1873<br />

Raja (Raja) clavata Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Raja (Raja) maderensis Lowe, 1839<br />

Raja (Rajella) bigelowi Stehmann, 1978<br />

Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e 15<br />

Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)<br />

Taeniura grabata (Ge<strong>of</strong>froy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)<br />

Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e 16<br />

Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798)<br />

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

vi

---

Class Actinopterygii 17<br />

Order Albuliformes 17<br />

Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e 17<br />

Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Halosauropsis macrochir (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Halosaurus johnsonianus Vaillant, 1888<br />

Halosaurus ovenii Johnson, 1863<br />

Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e 18<br />

Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (Filippi & Verany, 1859)<br />

Order Anguilliformes 18<br />

Anguilli<strong>da</strong>e 18<br />

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Chlopsi<strong>da</strong>e 18<br />

Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e 19<br />

Anarchias euryurus Lea, 1913<br />

Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1841)<br />

Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809)<br />

Muraena augusti (Kaup, 1856)<br />

Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e 20<br />

Ilyophis blachei Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Merrett, 1982<br />

Histiobranchus bathybius (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

Simenchelys parasitica Goode & Bean, 1879<br />

Synaphobranchus kaupi Johnson, 1862<br />

Ophichthi<strong>da</strong>e 21<br />

Apterichthus caecus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Derichthyi<strong>da</strong>e 21<br />

Derichthys serpentinus Gill, 1844<br />

Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e 21<br />

Avocettina infans (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Nemichthys curvirostris (Stromman, 1896)<br />

Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848<br />

Congri<strong>da</strong>e 22<br />

Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809)<br />

Conger conger ([Artedi, 1738] Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Paraconger macrops (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1870)<br />

Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea, 1913)<br />

Nettastomati<strong>da</strong>e 23<br />

Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Bellotti, 1883)<br />

Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810<br />

vii

---

viii<br />

Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e 24<br />

Serrivomer beani Gill & Ryder, 1884<br />

Serrivomer lanceolatoides (Schmidt, 1916)<br />

Order Saccopharyngiformes 25<br />

Cyemati<strong>da</strong>e 25<br />

Cyema atrum Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Saccopharyngi<strong>da</strong>e 25<br />

Saccopharynx ampullaceus (Harwood, 1827)<br />

Eurypharyngi<strong>da</strong>e 25<br />

Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882<br />

Order Clupeiformes 25<br />

Clupei<strong>da</strong>e 25<br />

Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)<br />

Order Osmeriformes 25<br />

Microstomati<strong>da</strong>e 25<br />

Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810)<br />

Bathylagi<strong>da</strong>e 26<br />

Bathylagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929)<br />

Bathylagus greyae Cohen, 1958<br />

Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e 26<br />

Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Opisthoproctus soleatus Vaillant, 1888<br />

Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e 26<br />

Alepocephalus rostratus Risso, 1820<br />

Bajacalifornia megalops (Lütken, 1898)<br />

Bathylaco nigricans Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Bathytroctes microlepis Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Bellocia koefoedi (Parr, 1951)<br />

Conocara fiolenti Sazanov & Ivanov, 1979<br />

Conocara macroptera (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Conocara murrayi (Koefoed, 1927)<br />

Einara edentula (Alcock, 1892)<br />

Herwigia kreffti (Nielsen & Larsen, 1970)<br />

Photostylus pycnopterus Beebe, 1933<br />

Rouleina attrita (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Talismania mekistonema Sulak, 1975<br />

Xenodermichthys copei (Gill, 1884)<br />

Platytrocti<strong>da</strong>e 29<br />

Normichthys operosus Parr, 1951<br />

Searsia koefoedi Parr, 1937<br />

Order Stomiiformes 29<br />

Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e 29<br />

Bonapartia pe<strong>da</strong>liota Goode & Bean, 1896

---

Cyclothone alba Brauer, 1906<br />

Cyclothone braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926<br />

Cyclothone livi<strong>da</strong> Brauer, 1902<br />

Cyclothone microdon Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Cyclothone palli<strong>da</strong> Brauer, 1902<br />

Cyclothone pseudopalli<strong>da</strong> Muckacheva, 1964<br />

Diplophos taenia Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1873<br />

Gonostoma bathyphilum (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Gonostoma denu<strong>da</strong>tum Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Gonostoma elongatum Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen & Tåning, 1919<br />

Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e 31<br />

Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes, 1849<br />

Argyropelecus gigas Norman, 1930<br />

Argyropelecus hemigymnus (Cocco, 1829)<br />

Argyropelecus olfersi (Cuvier, 1829)<br />

Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus Cocco, 1838<br />

Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789)<br />

Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781<br />

Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird, 1971<br />

Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871)<br />

Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e 33<br />

Ichthyococcus ovatus Cocco, 1838<br />

Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Vinciguerria nimbaria (Jor<strong>da</strong>n & Williams, 1895)<br />

Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Stomii<strong>da</strong>e 34<br />

Aristostomias tittmanni Welsh, 1923<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s gemmifer Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s micropogon Goodyear & Gibbs, 1970<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s neopogon Regan & Trewavas, 1929<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s niger Richardson, 1844<br />

Bathophilus nigerrimus Giglioli, 1884<br />

Bathophilus vaillanti (Zugmayer, 1911)<br />

Chauliodus <strong>da</strong>nae Regan & Trewavas, 1929<br />

Chauliodus sloani Schneider, 1801<br />

Chirostomias pliopterus (Regan y Trewavas, 1930)<br />

Eustomias furcifer Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

Eustomias macrurus Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

Eustomias obscurus Vaillant, 1888<br />

Flagellostomias boureei (Zugmayer, 1913)<br />

Idiacanthus fasciola Peters, 1877<br />

Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer, 1911)<br />

Malacosteus niger Ayres, 1848<br />

Melanostomias bartonbeani Parr, 1927<br />

ix

---

x<br />

Melanostomias valdiviae Brauer, 1902<br />

Photostomias guernei Collett, 1889<br />

Photonectes braueri (Zugmayer, 1913)<br />

Photonectes margarita (Goode & Bean, 1896)<br />

Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt, 1843<br />

Stomias brevibarbatus Ege, 1918<br />

Trigonolampa miriceps Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

Order Aulopiformes 38<br />

Aulopodi<strong>da</strong>e 38<br />

Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792)<br />

Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e 38<br />

Chlorophthalmus agassizii Bonaparte, 1840<br />

Ipnopi<strong>da</strong>e 38<br />

Bathypterois dubius Vaillant, 1888<br />

Bathypterois grallator (Goode & Bean, 1886)<br />

Bathypterois longipes Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1928<br />

Bathytyphlops sewelli (Norman, 1939)<br />

Scopelarchi<strong>da</strong>e 39<br />

Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902)<br />

Notosudi<strong>da</strong>e 40<br />

Ahliesaurus berryi Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976<br />

Scopelosaurus argenteus (Maul, 1954)<br />

Scopelosaurus lepidus (Krefft & Maul, 1955)<br />

Synodonti<strong>da</strong>e 40<br />

Bathysaurus ferox Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Bathysaurus mollis Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Synodus saurus (Linnaues, 1758)<br />

Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e 41<br />

Arctozenus rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840)<br />

Lestidiops affinis (Ege, 1930)<br />

Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger, 1889)<br />

Lestidiops sphyrenoides (Risso, 1820)<br />

Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933<br />

Paralepis atlantica atlantica. Krøyer, 1868<br />

Paralepis coregonoides Risso, 1820<br />

Paralepis speciosa Bellotti, 1878<br />

Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Uncisudis quadrimaculata (Post, 1969)<br />

Anotopteri<strong>da</strong>e 43<br />

Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer, 1911

---

Evermannelli<strong>da</strong>e 43<br />

Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928)<br />

Evermannella balbo (Risso, 1820)<br />

Omosudi<strong>da</strong>e 43<br />

Omosudis lowei Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887<br />

Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e 43<br />

Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833<br />

Order Myctophiformes 44<br />

Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e 44<br />

Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837)<br />

Benthosema suborbitale (Gilbert, 1913)<br />

Bolinichthys indicus (Nafpaktitis & Nafpaktitis, 1969)<br />

Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Ceratoscopelus warmingi (Lütken, 1892)<br />

Diaphus brachycephalus Tåning, 1928<br />

Diaphus dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856)<br />

Diaphus effulgens (Good & Bean, 1896)<br />

Diaphus holti Tåning, 1918<br />

Diaphus metopoclampus (Cocco, 1829)<br />

Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928<br />

Diaphus rafinesquei (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928)<br />

Electrona rissoi (Cocco, 1829)<br />

Gonichthys coccoi (Cocco, 1829)<br />

Hygophum benoiti (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892)<br />

Hygophum reinhardtii (Lütken, 1892)<br />

Hygophum taaningi Bekker, 1965<br />

Lampadena anomala Parr, 1928<br />

Lampadena chavesi Collett, 1905<br />

Lampadena speculigera Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Lampanyctus ater Tåning, 1928<br />

Lampanyctus festivus Tåning, 1928<br />

Lampanyctus gemmifer (Goode & Bean, 1879)<br />

Lampanyctus intricarius Tåning, 1928<br />

Lampanyctus photonotus Parr, 1928<br />

Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890)<br />

Lepidophanes gaussi (Brauer, 1906)<br />

Lepidophanes guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Good & Bean, 1896)<br />

Lobianchia d<strong>of</strong>leini (Zugmayer, 1911)<br />

Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Loweina interrupta (Tåning, 1928)<br />

Loweina rara (Lütken, 1892)<br />

Myctophum nitidulum Garman, 1899<br />

xi

---

xii<br />

Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904)<br />

Notoscopelus (Pareiophus) bolini Nafpaktitis, 1975<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) caudispinosus (Johnson, 1863)<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) kroeyerii (Malm, 1861)<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) resplendens (Richardson, 1845)<br />

Protomyctophum (Hierops) arcticum (Lütken, 1892)<br />

Symbolophorus veranyi (Moreau, 1888)<br />

Order Lampridiformes 51<br />

Lampridi<strong>da</strong>e 51<br />

Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)<br />

Radiicephali<strong>da</strong>e 51<br />

Radiicephalus elongatus Osório, 1917<br />

Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e 51<br />

Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1771)<br />

Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820)<br />

Order Polymixiiformes 52<br />

Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e 52<br />

Polymixia nobilis Lowe, 1836<br />

Order Ophidiiformes 52<br />

Carapi<strong>da</strong>e 52<br />

Echiodon drummondi Thompson, 1837<br />

Ophidii<strong>da</strong>e 52<br />

Holcomycteronus squamosus (Roule, 1916)<br />

Monomitopus metriostoma (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Parophidion vassali (Risso, 1810)<br />

Spectrunculus grandis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

Bythiti<strong>da</strong>e 53<br />

Cataetyx laticeps (Koefoed, 1927)<br />

Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e 53<br />

Aphyonus gelatinosus Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Barathronus parfaiti (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Meteoria erythrops Nielsen, 1969<br />

Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899<br />

Parabrotuli<strong>da</strong>e 54<br />

Leucobrotula adipatus Koefoed, 1952<br />

Parabrotula plagiophthalmus Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Order Gadiformes 54<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e 54<br />

Bathygadus melanobranchus Vaillant, 1888<br />

Cetonurus globiceps (Vaillant, 1888)

---

Chalinura leptolepis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

Chalinura mediterranea Giglioli, 1893<br />

Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus coelorhynchus (Risso, 1810)<br />

Coelorhynchus labiatus (Koehler, 1896)<br />

Coryphaenoides guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Gadomus longifilis (Goode & Bean, 1886)<br />

Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884<br />

Lionurus carapinus (Goode & Bean, 1883)<br />

Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843)<br />

Nematonurus armatus (Hector, 1875)<br />

Nezumia aequalis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Nezumia sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes, 1838)<br />

Odontomacrurus murrayi Norman, 1939<br />

Sphagemacrurus hirundo (Collett, 1896)<br />

Trachonurus villosus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

Mori<strong>da</strong>e 58<br />

Gadella maraldi (Risso, 1810)<br />

Lepidion eques (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

Lepidion guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Giglioli, 1880)<br />

Mora moro (Risso, 1810)<br />

Physiculus <strong>da</strong>lwigki Kaup, 1858<br />

Melanoni<strong>da</strong>e 59<br />

Melanonus zugmayeri Norman, 1930<br />

Phyci<strong>da</strong>e 59<br />

Gaidropsarus granti (Regan, 1903)<br />

Gaidropsarus guttatus (Collett, 1890)<br />

Gaidropsarus n. sp. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito, in press a<br />

Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Gadi<strong>da</strong>e 61<br />

Gadiculus argenteus argenteus Guichenot, 1850<br />

Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826)<br />

Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)<br />

Order Lophiiformes 62<br />

Lophii<strong>da</strong>e 62<br />

Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e 62<br />

Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1816)<br />

Antennarius senegalensis Cadenat, 1959<br />

Histrio histrio (Osbeck, 1757)<br />

Chaunaci<strong>da</strong>e 63<br />

Chaunax pictus Lowe, 1846<br />

Chaunax suttkusi Caruso, 1989<br />

xiii

---

xiv<br />

Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e 63<br />

Caulophryne jor<strong>da</strong>ni Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Melanoceti<strong>da</strong>e 64<br />

Melanocetus johnsoni Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1864<br />

Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e 64<br />

Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837<br />

Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e 64<br />

Chaenophryne draco Regan & Trewavas, 1932<br />

Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925<br />

Dolopichthys jubatus Regan & Trewavas, 1932<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e 65<br />

Cryptopsaras couesi Gill, 1883<br />

Linophryni<strong>da</strong>e 65<br />

Lynophryne brevibarbata Beebe, 1932<br />

Order Mugiliformes 65<br />

Mugili<strong>da</strong>e 65<br />

Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826)<br />

Order A<strong>the</strong>riniformes 66<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rini<strong>da</strong>e 66<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rina (Hepsetia) presbyter Cuvier, 1829<br />

Order Beloniformes 66<br />

Beloni<strong>da</strong>e 66<br />

Belone belone gracilis (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Platybelone argalus (Le Sueur, 1821)<br />

Scomberesoci<strong>da</strong>e 67<br />

Nanychthys simulans Hubbs & Wisner, 1980<br />

Scomberesox saurus saurus (Valbaum, 1792)<br />

Exocoeti<strong>da</strong>e 68<br />

Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus, 1771)<br />

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831)<br />

Exocoetus obtusirostris Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1866<br />

Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Order Stephanoberyciformes 69<br />

Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e 69<br />

Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962<br />

Melamphaes suborbitalis (Gill, 1884)<br />

Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe, 1843)<br />

Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883<br />

Poromitra crassiceps (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Poromitra megalops (Lütken, 1877)

---

Scopeloberyx opisthopterus (Parr, 1933)<br />

Scopeloberyx robustus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

Scopelogadus beanii (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

Scopelogadus mizolepis mizolepis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e 70<br />

Acanthochaenus lutkeni Gill, 1884<br />

Rondeletii<strong>da</strong>e 70<br />

Rondeletia loricata Abe & Hotta, 1963<br />

Order Beryciformes 71<br />

Anoplogastri<strong>da</strong>e 71<br />

Anoplogaster cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833)<br />

Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e 71<br />

Diretmus argenteus Johnson, 1863<br />

Trachichthyi<strong>da</strong>e 71<br />

Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889<br />

Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829<br />

Beryci<strong>da</strong>e 72<br />

Beryx deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus Cuvier, 1829<br />

Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834<br />

Order Zeiformes 72<br />

Zei<strong>da</strong>e 72<br />

Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852)<br />

Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Oreosomati<strong>da</strong>e 73<br />

Neocyttus helgae (Holt & Byrne, 1908)<br />

Caproi<strong>da</strong>e 73<br />

Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843<br />

Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Order Gasterosteiformes 73<br />

Syngnathi<strong>da</strong>e 73<br />

Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, 1814<br />

Nerophis maculatus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Syngnathus acus Linnaeus 1758<br />

Macroramphosi<strong>da</strong>e 75<br />

Macroramphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Order Scorpaeniformes 75<br />

Dactylopteri<strong>da</strong>e 75<br />

Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

xv

---

xvi<br />

Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e 75<br />

Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)<br />

Pontinus kuhlii (Bowdich, 1825)<br />

Scorpaena azorica Eschmeyer, 1969<br />

Scorpaena laevis Troschel, 1866<br />

Scorpaena maderensis Valenciennes, 1833<br />

Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Scorpaenodes arenai Torchio, 1962<br />

Setarches guen<strong>the</strong>ri Johnson, 1862<br />

Trachyscorpia cristulata echinata (Koehler, 1826)<br />

Trigli<strong>da</strong>e 78<br />

Aspitrigla cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Trigloporus lastoviza (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

Order Perciformes 79<br />

Acropomati<strong>da</strong>e 79<br />

Howella brodiei atlantica Post & Quéro, 1991<br />

Polyprion americanus (Schneider, 1801)<br />

Serrani<strong>da</strong>e 80<br />

Anthias anthias (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)<br />

Mycteroperca fusca (Lowe, 1836)<br />

Serranus atricau<strong>da</strong> Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1874<br />

Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Callanthi<strong>da</strong>e 82<br />

Callanthias ruber (Rafinesque, 1810)<br />

Priacanthi<strong>da</strong>e 82<br />

Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829)<br />

Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829<br />

Apogoni<strong>da</strong>e 83<br />

Apogon (Apogon) imberbis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Epigoni<strong>da</strong>e 83<br />

Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810)<br />

Pomatomi<strong>da</strong>e 83<br />

Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus, 1766)<br />

Echenei<strong>da</strong>e 83<br />

Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Ph<strong>the</strong>irichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791)<br />

Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829)<br />

Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Remorina albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)

---

Coryphaeni<strong>da</strong>e 85<br />

Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Carangi<strong>da</strong>e 85<br />

Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)<br />

Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833<br />

Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)<br />

Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)<br />

Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)<br />

Seriola rivoliana Cuvier, 1833<br />

Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)<br />

Brami<strong>da</strong>e 88<br />

Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Pterycombus brama Fries, 1837<br />

Taractes asper Lowe, 1843<br />

Taractes rubescens (Jor<strong>da</strong>n & Evermann, 1887)<br />

Taractichthys longipinnis (Lowe, 1843)<br />

Caristii<strong>da</strong>e 89<br />

Platyberyx opalescens Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Loboti<strong>da</strong>e 89<br />

Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790)<br />

Spari<strong>da</strong>e 90<br />

Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Diplodus sargus cadenati de la Paz, Bauchot & Daget, 1974<br />

Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826)<br />

Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Centracanthi<strong>da</strong>e 93<br />

Centracanthus cirrus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Mulli<strong>da</strong>e 93<br />

Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Kyphosi<strong>da</strong>e 93<br />

Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier, 1831)<br />

Kyphosus sectator (Linnaeus, 1766)<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e 94<br />

Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier, 1830)<br />

Chromis limbata (Valenciennes, 1833)<br />

Labri<strong>da</strong>e 95<br />

Acantholabrus palloni (Risso, 1810)<br />

Centrolabrus trutta (Lowe, 1833)<br />

Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

xvii

---

xviii<br />

Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767<br />

Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois scr<strong>of</strong>a (Valenciennes, 1839)<br />

Symphodus (Crenilabrus) mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Xyrichthys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Scari<strong>da</strong>e 97<br />

Sparisoma (Euscarus) cretense (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e 98<br />

Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1863<br />

Trachini<strong>da</strong>e 98<br />

Echiichthys vipera (Cuvier, 1829)<br />

Tripterygii<strong>da</strong>e 98<br />

Tripterygion delaisi delaisi Cadenat & Blache, 1971<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e 99<br />

Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Lipophrys pholis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836)<br />

Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1836)<br />

Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968)<br />

Parablennius parvicornis (Valenciennes, 1836)<br />

Parablennius ruber (Valenciennes, 1836)<br />

Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e 101<br />

Apletodon n.sp. H<strong>of</strong>richter & Patzner, in prep.<br />

Apletodon pellegrini (Chabanaud, 1925)<br />

Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e 102<br />

Foetorepus phaeton (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1861)<br />

Gobii<strong>da</strong>e 103<br />

Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Pomatoschistus pictus (Malm, 1865)<br />

Thorogobius ephippiatus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Luvari<strong>da</strong>e 104<br />

Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Scombrolabraci<strong>da</strong>e 104<br />

Scombrolabrax heterolepis Roule, 1922<br />

Sphyraeni<strong>da</strong>e 104<br />

Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, 1829<br />

Gempyli<strong>da</strong>e 105<br />

Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829<br />

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1849)<br />

Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson, 1862

---

Promethichthys prome<strong>the</strong>us (Cuvier, 1832)<br />

Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1829<br />

Trichiuri<strong>da</strong>e 106<br />

Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839<br />

Benthodesmus simonyi (Stein<strong>da</strong>chner, 1891)<br />

Lepidopus cau<strong>da</strong>tus (Euphrasen, 1788)<br />

Scombri<strong>da</strong>e 106<br />

Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)<br />

Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810)<br />

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Sar<strong>da</strong> sar<strong>da</strong> (Bloch, 1793)<br />

Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)<br />

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Thunnus thynnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e 109<br />

Makaira nigricans Lacepede, 1802<br />

Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860<br />

Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins & de Sylva, 1963<br />

Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Centrolophi<strong>da</strong>e 110<br />

Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)<br />

Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill, 1818)<br />

Schedophilus medusophagus Cocco, 1839<br />

Schedophilus ovalis (Valenciennes, 1833)<br />

Nomei<strong>da</strong>e 111<br />

Cubiceps gracilis Lowe, 1843<br />

Psenes maculatus Lütken, 1880<br />

Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e 111<br />

Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso, 1810<br />

Order Pleuronectiformes 112<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e 112<br />

Arnoglossus rueppelli (Cocco, 1844)<br />

Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s maderensis (Lowe, 1834)<br />

Scophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e 113<br />

Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792)<br />

Cynoglossi<strong>da</strong>e 113<br />

Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Order Tetraodontiformes 113<br />

Balisti<strong>da</strong>e 113<br />

Balistes carolinensis Gmelin, 1789<br />

xix

---

xx<br />

Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch, 1786)<br />

Monacanthi<strong>da</strong>e 114<br />

Aluterus monocerus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus, 1766)<br />

Ostracii<strong>da</strong>e 114<br />

Acanthostracion notacanthus (Blecker, 1863)<br />

Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e 114<br />

Canthigaster rostrata (Bloch, 1786)<br />

Lagocephalus lagocephalus(Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Sphoeroides marmoratus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848)<br />

Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e 116<br />

Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Moli<strong>da</strong>e 116<br />

Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840)<br />

Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776)<br />

Appendix to <strong>the</strong> checklist 117<br />

Class Chondrichthyes 117<br />

Order Carcharhiniformes 117<br />

Scyliorhini<strong>da</strong>e 117<br />

Apristurus maderensis Cadenat & Maul, 1966<br />

Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Triaki<strong>da</strong>e 117<br />

Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e 118<br />

Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1841)<br />

Order Lamniformes 118<br />

Alopii<strong>da</strong>e 118<br />

Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839)<br />

Order Squaliformes 118<br />

Echinorhini<strong>da</strong>e 118<br />

Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

Squali<strong>da</strong>e 118<br />

Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Order Rajiformes 119<br />

Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e 119<br />

Torpedo (Torpedo) torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758)

---

Raji<strong>da</strong>e 119<br />

Raja (Dipturus) batis Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Raja (Raja) microocellata Montagu, 1818<br />

Raja (Dipturus) oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e 120<br />

Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815)<br />

Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e 120<br />

Rhinoptera marginata (E. Ge<strong>of</strong>froy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)<br />

Class Actinopterygii 120<br />

Order Elopiformes 120<br />

Megalopi<strong>da</strong>e 120<br />

Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)<br />

Order Anguilliformes 121<br />

Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e 121<br />

Gymnothorax afer Bloch 1795<br />

Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)<br />

Order Clupeiformes 121<br />

Engrauli<strong>da</strong>e 121<br />

Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Clupei<strong>da</strong>e 122<br />

Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838)<br />

Order Siluriformes 122<br />

Arii<strong>da</strong>e 122<br />

Galeichthys feliceps Valenciennes, 1840<br />

Order Osmeriformes 122<br />

Argentini<strong>da</strong>e 122<br />

Argentina sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e 122<br />

Leptoderma sp.<br />

Rinoctes nasutus (Koefoed, 1927)<br />

Order Stomiiformes 123<br />

Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e 123<br />

Cyclothone acclinidens Garman, 1899<br />

xxi

---

Order Aulopiformes 123<br />

Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e 123<br />

Alepisaurus brevirostris Gibbs, 1960<br />

Order Lampridiformes 123<br />

Regaleci<strong>da</strong>e 123<br />

Regalecus glesne Ascanius, 1772<br />

Order Ophidiiformes 124<br />

Carapi<strong>da</strong>e 124<br />

Carapus acus (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

Order Gadiformes 124<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e 124<br />

Chalinura brevibarbis Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Nezumia bairdii (Goode & Bean, 1877)<br />

Mori<strong>da</strong>e 125<br />

Laemonema latifrons Holt & Byrne, 1908<br />

Lepidion schmidti Svetovidov, 1936<br />

Order Lophiiformes 125<br />

Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e 125<br />

Antennarius radiosus Garman, 1896<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e 125<br />

Ceratias holboelli Kröyer,1845<br />

Order Beloniformes 126<br />

Beloni<strong>da</strong>e 126<br />

Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803)<br />

Order Stephanoberyciformes 126<br />

Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e 126<br />

Melamphaes longivelis Parr, 1933<br />

Melamphaes microps (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Scopeloberyx rubriventer (Koefoed, 1953)<br />

Order Gasterosteiformes 127<br />

Fistularii<strong>da</strong>e 127<br />

Fistularia sp.<br />

Order Scorpaeniformes 127<br />

Trigli<strong>da</strong>e 127<br />

Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

xxii

---

Cyclopteri<strong>da</strong>e 127<br />

Eumicrotremus spinosus (Fabricius, 1776)<br />

Order Perciformes 128<br />

Chaetodonti<strong>da</strong>e 128<br />

Chaetodon sedentarius Poey, 1860<br />

Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e 128<br />

Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus altipinnis Parr, 1933<br />

Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e 128<br />

Callionymus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1837<br />

Gobii<strong>da</strong>e 129<br />

Lesueurigobius suerii (Risso, 1810)<br />

Mauligobius maderensis (Valenciennes, 1837)<br />

Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e 129<br />

Istiophorus albicans Latreille, 1804<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e 130<br />

Hypleurochilus fissicornis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)<br />

Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e 130<br />

Tetragonurus atlanticus Lowe, 1839<br />

Stromatei<strong>da</strong>e 130<br />

Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Order Pleuronectiformes 131<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e 131<br />

Arnoglossus imperialis (Rafinesque,1810)<br />

Order Tetraodontiformes 131<br />

Balisti<strong>da</strong>e 131<br />

Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e 131<br />

Chilomycterus atringa (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Appendix to ICN (1993) 132<br />

Conclusions 132<br />

Bibliography and references 136<br />

Acknowledgements 205<br />

Alphabetical index <strong>of</strong> common names 207<br />

Alphabetical index <strong>of</strong> scientific names 215<br />

xxiii

---

MARINE FISHES OF THE AZORES: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND<br />

BIBLIOGRAPHY.<br />

RICARDO SERRÃO SANTOS, FILIPE MORA PORTEIRO & JOÃO PEDRO<br />

BARREIROS<br />

SANTOS, RICARDO SERRÃO, FILIPE MORA PORTEIRO & JOÃO PEDRO<br />

BARREIROS 1997. <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: An annotated checklist and<br />

bibliography. Arquipélago. Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences Supplement 1: xxiii +<br />

242pp. Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. ISSN 0873-4704. ISBN 972-9340-92-7.<br />

A list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is presented. The list is based on a review <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> literature combined with an examination <strong>of</strong> selected specimens available from<br />

collections <strong>of</strong> Azorean <strong>fishes</strong> deposited in museums, including <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong> fish at<br />

<strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Oceanography and Fisheries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (Horta).<br />

Personal information collected over several years is also incorporated. The geographic<br />

area considered is <strong>the</strong> Economic Exclusive Zone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The list is organised in<br />

Classes, Orders and Families according to Nelson (1994). The scientific names are, for<br />

<strong>the</strong> most part, those used in Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-eastern Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean<br />

(FNAM) (Whitehead et al. 1989), and <strong>the</strong>y are organised in alphabetical order within<br />

<strong>the</strong> families. Cl<strong>of</strong>nam numbers (see Hureau & Monod 1979) are included for reference.<br />

Information is given if <strong>the</strong> species is not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM. Whenever<br />

available, vernacular names are presented, both in Portuguese (Azorean names) and in<br />

English. Synonyms, misspellings and misidentifications found in <strong>the</strong> literature in<br />

reference to <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> are also quoted. The 460 species<br />

listed, belong to 142 families; 12 species are cited for <strong>the</strong> first time for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Details are given for 23 o<strong>the</strong>r species cited for <strong>the</strong> first time for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Red<br />

Book <strong>of</strong> Portuguese Vertebrates (ICN 1993). Fifty-four ambiguous and/or exceptional<br />

occurrences are included in an appendix. A second appendix contains <strong>the</strong> remaining<br />

corrections to <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>of</strong> fish included in ICN (1993). The paper concludes with a<br />

syn<strong>the</strong>sis and an annotated indexed bibliography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Most references are available through <strong>the</strong> library <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Oceanography<br />

and Fisheries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

SANTOS, RICARDO SERRÃO, FILIPE MORA PORTEIRO & JOÃO PEDRO<br />

BARREIROS 1997. Peixes marinhos <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>: Lista de espécies e bibliografia<br />

anota<strong>da</strong>s. Arquipélago. Ciências Biológicas e Marinhas Suplemento 1: xxiii +<br />

242pp. Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. ISSN 0873-4704. ISBN 972-9340-92-7.<br />

No presente trabalho apresentamos uma lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes marinhos <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Esta lista<br />

é basea<strong>da</strong> numa revisão <strong>da</strong> literatura combina<strong>da</strong> com o estudo de espécimes<br />

deposita<strong>dos</strong> nas colecções de alguns museus, incluindo a colecção de peixes do<br />

Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas <strong>da</strong> Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> (Horta).<br />

Informações pessoais e conhecimentos adquiri<strong>dos</strong> ao longo <strong>dos</strong> anos, são também<br />

incorpora<strong>dos</strong>. A área geográfica considera<strong>da</strong> é a <strong>da</strong> Zona Económica Exclusiva <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>. A lista está organiza<strong>da</strong> em Classes, Ordens e Famílias, ordena<strong>da</strong>s segundo<br />

Nelson (1994). Os nomes científicos <strong>dos</strong> géneros e <strong>da</strong>s espécies são, na sua maioria,

---

INTRODUCTION<br />

2<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

adopta<strong>dos</strong> <strong>da</strong> obra Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-eastern Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean<br />

(FNAM) (Whitehead et al. 1989), e estão organiza<strong>dos</strong> por ordem alfabética <strong>dos</strong> géneros<br />

e espécies. Os números Cl<strong>of</strong>nam (vd. Hureau & Monod 1979) são referi<strong>dos</strong> na ficha<br />

<strong>da</strong>s espécies, assim como a indicação se a espécie não é cita<strong>da</strong> para os <strong>Açores</strong> no<br />

FNAM. São forneci<strong>da</strong>s as designações vernaculares <strong>da</strong>s espécies nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Os<br />

sinónimos e as ortografias e identificações incorrectas, referi<strong>dos</strong> na literatura para os<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> são também incluí<strong>dos</strong> nas fichas <strong>da</strong>s espécies. Das 460 espécies referi<strong>da</strong>s,<br />

pertencentes a 142 famílias, 12 são cita<strong>da</strong>s pela primeira vez para os <strong>Açores</strong>. As<br />

informações referentes a outras 23 espécies, referi<strong>da</strong>s pela primeira vez para os <strong>Açores</strong><br />

no Livro Vermelho <strong>dos</strong> Vertebra<strong>dos</strong> de Portugal (ICN 1993), são eluci<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>s.<br />

Cinquenta e quatro espécies de ocorrência excepcional e/ou ambígua são incluí<strong>da</strong>s num<br />

primeiro apêndice. Num segundo apêndice são incluí<strong>da</strong>s as restantes correções à lista<br />

de peixes publica<strong>da</strong> em ICN (1993). O artigo termina com uma síntese de conclusões e<br />

uma bibliografia anota<strong>da</strong> e classifica<strong>da</strong> sobre os peixes marinhos <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. A maioria<br />

destas referências estão disponíveis através <strong>da</strong> Biblioteca do Departamento de<br />

Oceanografia e Pescas <strong>da</strong> Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Ricardo Serrão Santos & Filipe Mora Porteiro, Departamento de Oceanografia e<br />

Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, PT-9900 Horta (<strong>Açores</strong>) Portugal - João Pedro<br />

Barreiros Departamento de Ciência Agrárias, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, PT-9700<br />

Angra do Heroísmo (<strong>Açores</strong>) Portugal.<br />

The Archipelago <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, located between 37º- 40º latitude North and 24º- 32º longitude West<br />

is <strong>the</strong> most isolated and extensive island group in <strong>the</strong> north-eastern Atlantic. The islands are <strong>of</strong><br />

volcanic origin. They are situated at <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mid-Atlantic ridge at <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

American, Eurasian and African tectonic plates. Their formation probably commenced in <strong>the</strong> late<br />

Miocene and has continued to <strong>the</strong> present time. It is still uncertain if <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> were<br />

formed at <strong>the</strong> mid-Atlantic ridge, and <strong>the</strong>n drifted away, or if <strong>the</strong>y are intraplate products (Nunn<br />

1994).<br />

Santos et al. (1995c) review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main aspects <strong>of</strong> marine research and conservation in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

highlighted <strong>the</strong> need for comprehensive catalogues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine fauna and flora and point out <strong>the</strong><br />

importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> as a natural biogeographic laboratory.<br />

The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> have been widely and regularly studied since <strong>the</strong> nineteenth century (see<br />

Martins 1990 and Santos et al. 1995c). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earlier research was land-based scientific<br />

expeditions (e.g. <strong>the</strong> Voyage d’Exploration Scientifique aux îles <strong>Açores</strong> on <strong>the</strong> behalf <strong>of</strong> His Majesty<br />

<strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Portugal in <strong>the</strong> year <strong>of</strong> 1857: see Drouët 1858, 1861a,b; and <strong>the</strong> German expedition lead<br />

by Simroth: see Hilgendorf 1888b) and oceanographic cruises <strong>of</strong> major historical and scientific<br />

relevance. These include <strong>the</strong> round <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World cruise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British H. M. S. “Challenger” (see<br />

Tizard et al. 1885) 1 , <strong>the</strong> cruises by <strong>the</strong> American steamer “Albatross” (see Goode & Bean 1895), <strong>the</strong><br />

French ships “Travailleur” and “Talisman” (Vaillant 1888), <strong>the</strong> Norwegian steamer “Michael Sars”<br />

1 During <strong>the</strong> major oceanographic expedition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> H. M. S. “Challenger” a few stations were made in <strong>the</strong><br />

region <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1873. The ship also made two stops, one in Faial and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r in São<br />

Miguel. However, <strong>the</strong> only fish species that seem to have been collected in <strong>the</strong> area was Cupiceps gracilis. No<br />

deep-sea <strong>fishes</strong> were mentioned by Gün<strong>the</strong>r (1887) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

(see Murray & Hjort 1912), <strong>the</strong> yachts “Hirondelle”, “Princesse-Alice” and “Hirondelle II” (see e.g.<br />

Richard 1900, 1934; Albert I er de Monaco 1904), <strong>the</strong> Royal Danish research ship “Dana” (see<br />

Jespersen & Tåning 1934) and <strong>the</strong> Swedish four-masted motor-schooner MS “Albatross” (see<br />

Christiansson 1957 and Pettersson 1957). The <strong>fishes</strong> collected during <strong>the</strong>se cruises were studied by<br />

some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prominent ichthyologists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 19th and 20th centuries.<br />

The cruises promoted by Prince Albert I er <strong>of</strong> Monaco on his yachts concentrated on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

region. They contributed to <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> international scientific co-operation at both <strong>the</strong><br />

national (see e.g. Carpine-Lancre & Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1992) and regional (see e.g. Ferreira 1937b) levels<br />

and <strong>the</strong>y lead to <strong>the</strong> enhancement and growth <strong>of</strong> several branches <strong>of</strong> physical and natural marine<br />

sciences in mainland Portugal and in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (see Sal<strong>da</strong>nha et al. -eds.- 1992).<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> have also been reported by expeditions which have stopped and collected<br />

specimens in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: e.g. <strong>the</strong> United States Eclipse Expedition to West Africa in 1889 (see<br />

Fowler 1919) and <strong>the</strong> Deutschen Südpolar- Expedition in 1901-1903 (see Lampe 1914), and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

cruises in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic including <strong>the</strong> Sargasso Sea Eel Expedition in 1979 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> F.R.V.<br />

“Anton Dohrn” (see Post & Tesch 1982), <strong>the</strong> fifth cruise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French R/V “Président-Théodore-<br />

Tissier” in 1936, <strong>the</strong> exploratoty fishing cruise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> R/V “Delaware” in 1963 (Haedrich 1964), and<br />

several cruises to study bathypelagic <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> U. S. A. R/V “Atlantis II” and R/V “Chain” (see<br />

Backus & Craddock 1977).<br />

Few nineteenth century Portuguese scientists referred to <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. F. B. Capello<br />

(1871a,b,c) initiated a catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish deposited at <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Lisbon but died before<br />

concluding that work. Thus despite <strong>the</strong> broad all-encompassy titles, he mentioned on two specimens<br />

<strong>of</strong> Hippocampus sp. from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. His work was followed by A. R. P. Guimarães, who became<br />

<strong>the</strong> first Portuguese scientist to document Azorean <strong>fishes</strong> (Guimarães 1882, 1884). Also deserving<br />

attention are Ramos (1869), an army physician, who compiled a list <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> strictly<br />

based on Drouët (1861b) and A. <strong>da</strong> S. Sampaio, ano<strong>the</strong>r doctor <strong>of</strong> medicine whose book is dedicated<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Terceira Island and gives a long list <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong>, some <strong>of</strong> which were new (Sampaio 1904).<br />

Despite having some historical interest <strong>the</strong>se two works were not innovative and taxonomically<br />

questionable.<br />

The field <strong>of</strong> Azorean ichthyology was enriched by <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> two resident para-taxonomists, <strong>the</strong><br />

Azorean priest Ernesto Ferreira, who published several important and carefully prepared papers on<br />

selected groups <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (e.g. Ferreira 1937a, 1938, 1939, 1942) and B. L. Collins an<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western Union Company based in Horta (Faial), who compiled a complete list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, based on a review <strong>of</strong> literature and a few new additions (Collins 1954). Collins,<br />

while working on <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, maintained a close correspondence and exchange <strong>of</strong><br />

specimens with G. E. Maul <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museu Municipal do Funchal. Maul was <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

ichthyologist who supervised <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> published by Collins and gave Collins many<br />

identifications, corrections and much general advice. The Portuguese zoologist from Porto, Augusto<br />

Nobre, also visited <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. His work on <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was published in notes and<br />

books (Nobre 1924, 1930, 1935).<br />

These and a few o<strong>the</strong>r less known works constitute <strong>the</strong> basic information available used in many<br />

general publications (e.g. Briggs 1974) about <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Except for a few works (e.g. Ramalho 1929c, Frade 1931c, Ferreira 1932) <strong>the</strong> ichthyological<br />

literature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> until recently dealt solely with taxonomy and checklists. Only recently<br />

3

---

4<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Azorean ichthyology expanded into new areas <strong>of</strong> research (see Bibliography). In particular, research<br />

on deep-sea fish ecology and fisheries has gained new momentum now that <strong>the</strong> research vessel<br />

“Arquipélago” became permanently available in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (see Silva 1995, Silva & Menezes<br />

1995a,b, Silva et al. 1995).<br />

Despite this emphasis on taxonomy, we have found many inaccuracies in <strong>the</strong> available lists <strong>of</strong><br />

Azorean <strong>fishes</strong> (see e.g. Hureau -ed.- 1996) which show that an up<strong>da</strong>ted annotated checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is needed. The most complete checklist to <strong>da</strong>te was included in <strong>the</strong> third<br />

volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Red Book <strong>of</strong> Portuguese Vertebrates (ICN 1993) and it constitutes a preliminary<br />

compilation <strong>of</strong> species made in <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present paper. Since 1993 a few corrections and<br />

additions have been made.<br />

The present work is based on a thorough examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature and examination <strong>of</strong> collections<br />

from several museums (see below and Acknowledgements) and from <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong><br />

Oceanography and Fisheries (University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>). Unfortunately some specimens that were<br />

once deposited in Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Azores</strong>) and in Museu Bocage (Lisbon,<br />

Portugal) have been lost. The authors plan to follow this work with an illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

MATERIAL AND METHODS<br />

The <strong>fishes</strong> in this list are grouped in Classes, Orders and Families following Nelson (1994). The<br />

higher nomenclature also follows Nelson (1994). The specific names used for <strong>the</strong> most part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>fishes</strong> follow Whitehead et al. (1989), and <strong>the</strong>y are organised alphabetically within each family.<br />

Vernacular names are given in Portuguese and in English. The major references for Portuguese<br />

names were: Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Sampaio 1904, Nobre 1924, 1930, Ferreira 1937a, 1938,<br />

1939, 1940, Collins 1954, Martins 1982b and Sanches 1986a. The pre-Linnean work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> historian<br />

and naturalist, Gaspar Fructuoso (1522-1591) [Fructuoso 1983] was considered (see Azevedo<br />

1991). Our own knowledge concerning popular names is also incorporated. A few vernacular names<br />

were created. Wheeler (1992) and Robins et al. (1991) were major sources <strong>of</strong> information<br />

concerning English vernacular names in use in <strong>the</strong> British Isles, <strong>the</strong> United States, and Cana<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Whitehead et al. -eds.- (1989) was a secon<strong>da</strong>ry source <strong>of</strong> information, when a name was not<br />

available in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above references.<br />

The geographic area considered is <strong>the</strong> Azorean Economic Exclusive Zone -EEZ- (Fig. 1).<br />

The Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number (see Hureau & Monod -eds.- 1979 and Whitehead et al. -eds.- 1989) and <strong>the</strong><br />

non-citation <strong>of</strong> a species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM (Whitehead et al. -eds.- 1989) are always<br />

indicated for each species. If a species, genus and/or family are not included in FNAM, <strong>the</strong><br />

respective Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number field is empty.<br />

Synonyms, misspelling and/or misidentifications (given in alphabetical order) <strong>of</strong> a species for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> are given in a separated field, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> author and <strong>the</strong> year <strong>of</strong><br />

publication. Cl<strong>of</strong>nam was <strong>the</strong> main reference for initial stan<strong>da</strong>rdisation <strong>of</strong> synonymy and<br />

nomenclature.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Figure 1. The Archipelago <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> and its Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ).<br />

The References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> section gives citations for each species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in<br />

chronological order.<br />

If a record <strong>of</strong> a species is <strong>of</strong> primary order, that is <strong>the</strong> reference includes specimens that were<br />

directly studied/observed by <strong>the</strong> author, <strong>the</strong> symbol º follows <strong>the</strong> citation (e.g. Hilgendorf 1888º).<br />

O<strong>the</strong>rwise, <strong>the</strong> reference is <strong>of</strong> secon<strong>da</strong>ry and is based on ano<strong>the</strong>r author. A decision was made to<br />

also include works dealing with studies applied to o<strong>the</strong>r regions (e.g. Guitel 1904, Cadenat 1937,<br />

Dooley et al. 1985) and reviews (e.g. Grey 1956, Taborsky 1994) as secon<strong>da</strong>ry references. This<br />

decision was based on <strong>the</strong> assumption that <strong>the</strong>se references reflect an extension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean<br />

ichthyology.<br />

Whenever necessary, special notes and discussions are included in a field called Remarks.<br />

Species <strong>of</strong> questionable occurrence and/or coastal species whose occurrence is exceptional are listed<br />

in a separate Appendix. These species should not be considered as belonging to <strong>the</strong> Azorean fish<br />

fauna before fur<strong>the</strong>r convincing evidence is found to confirm <strong>the</strong>ir occurrence in <strong>the</strong> area. Each case<br />

is discussed in <strong>the</strong> respective Remarks field.<br />

The following works were ei<strong>the</strong>r partially or totally omitted from <strong>the</strong> References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

section for <strong>the</strong> following reasons:<br />

5

---

6<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

i. Cl<strong>of</strong>nam and FNAM are considered in a separated field;<br />

ii. ICN (1993) is omitted in part because it was compiled by two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present authors (RSS and<br />

FMP) as a preliminary result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present work. Corrections to <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>of</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong><br />

included in ICN (1993) are considered in a separated appendix;<br />

iii. Lloris et al. (1991) was not included since this paper does not contain original information for<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> and is based solely on FNAM and copies its omissions and inaccurate citations.<br />

iv. Richard (1905b, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1934) are compilations <strong>of</strong> lists <strong>of</strong> stations and diverse<br />

information concerning Albert I er <strong>of</strong> Monaco’s oceanographic cruises. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> information<br />

dealing with <strong>fishes</strong> has been treated in several special monographs by prominent ichthyologists.<br />

v. Undergraduate <strong>the</strong>ses (i.e. teses de licenciatura).<br />

Exceptions were made: i) when a species record appears for <strong>the</strong> first time in any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> references<br />

mentioned above, ii) when <strong>the</strong>re was only one endorsed reference for <strong>the</strong> species and/or, iii) in <strong>the</strong><br />

case <strong>of</strong> Richard’s papers mentioned above, when <strong>the</strong> work contains first or only reference<br />

concerning <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species by Prince <strong>of</strong> Monaco’s scientific cruises.<br />

The Bibliography includes all <strong>the</strong> references cited in <strong>the</strong> checklist. Moreover, it also incorporates<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r references which give information on <strong>the</strong> life history aspects <strong>of</strong> Azorean <strong>fishes</strong>. These have not<br />

been included in <strong>the</strong> section References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> because scientific nomenclature were not<br />

used. There are several papers on fisheries biology in this category (e.g., Pereira 1984). Each<br />

reference included in <strong>the</strong> bibliography is classified in to subjects. Whenever justified, o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

comments are added. The bulk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se references is available at <strong>the</strong> Library <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong><br />

Oceanography and Fisheries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

The abbreviations used are conform Leviton et al. (1985). The following appear throughout <strong>the</strong><br />

paper:<br />

AVG- Aquário Vasco <strong>da</strong> Gama (Dafundo, Portugal); BMNH- Natural History Museum (London,<br />

UK); DOP/UA- Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas (University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, Portugal); IOS-<br />

Institute <strong>of</strong> Oceanographic Sciences (UK); ISH (Institut für Seefischerei, Hamburg, Germany); MB-<br />

Museu Bocage (Lisboa, Portugal); MCM- Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Azores</strong>,<br />

Portugal); MCZ- Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (Cambridge, USA); MMF-<br />

Museu Municipal do Funchal (Madeira, Portugal); MNHN- Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle<br />

(Paris, France); MOM- Musée Océanographique du Monaco (Monaco); USNM- National Museum<br />

<strong>of</strong> Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC, USA); WHOI- Woods Hole<br />

Oceanographic Institution (Woods Hole, USA); ZIL- Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Zoological Institut (St.<br />

Petersburg, Russia).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

CHECKLIST<br />

Class CHONDRICHTHYES<br />

Order CHIMAERIFORMES<br />

Chimaeri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 3- Chimaeriformes. Family 4- Chimaeri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 quimera<br />

rabbit-fish, rat fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 26.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Neuville 1900º; Richard 1900, 1910;<br />

Brauer 1906; Roule 1912º, 1919º; D’Ancona 1931; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939; Poll 1947; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Collignon & Aloncle 1972; Wheeler 1978; Sanches 1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992.<br />

Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990<br />

ghost shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 26.2.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hydrolagus mirabilis by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1994.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1994º; Van Dover et al. 1996º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: The citation for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> <strong>of</strong> Hydrolagus mirabilis (Collett, 1904) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 26.2.2.) by<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1994) was found to be a misidentification <strong>of</strong> Hydrolagus pallidus (Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in<br />

press b) .<br />

Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES<br />

Rhincodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 5- Orectolobiformes. Family 13- Rhincodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Rhincodon typus Smith, 1829 pintado, tubarão baleia<br />

whale shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: --.--.--. Family not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Pinho & Pereira 1995b.<br />

Remarks: In <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> individuals are commonly observed by tuna fishing boats, since tuna aggregate<br />

close to whale sharks. The whale shark, or “pintado” (<strong>da</strong>ppled) as it is known in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, is <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

found basking at <strong>the</strong> surface.<br />

Order CARCHARHINIFORMES<br />

Pseudotriaki<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 16- Pseudotriaki<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Pseudotriakis microdon Capello, 1868 mamôna<br />

false cat shark<br />

7

---

8<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 12.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Compagno 1984; Sanches 1986b.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936) erroneously records this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on a 275cm TL specimen<br />

<strong>of</strong> Pseudotriacis microdon captured by Albert I er <strong>of</strong> Monaco (1904) on bottom long-line at 1,477m, 7<br />

miles SW <strong>of</strong> Sal Island (16º34’N, 23º03’15’’W), station 1,210 (Richard 1934) which is in Cape Verde.<br />

This specimen was studied by Jaquet (1905). Albuquerque’s (1954-1956) citation for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based<br />

entirely on Fowler (1936).<br />

Triaki<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 18- Triaki<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) cação<br />

tope<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.3.1. Species noted for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM with a question mark.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Engaleus galeus by Roule 1919; Eugaleus galeus by<br />

Guiart 1935; Galeus canis by Hilgendorf 1888b, G. galeus by Ferreira 1939, Scillium griseum by<br />

Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Roule 1919º; Sampaio 1904; Guiart 1935; Fowler 1936;<br />

Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Martins 1982b; INIP<br />

1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Sanches 1986b; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 20- Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)<br />

Galapagos shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Brum & Azevedo 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Three young specimens <strong>of</strong> what could be ei<strong>the</strong>r Carcharhinus galapagensis or <strong>the</strong> dusky shark<br />

C. obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 13.1.6.) were caught on <strong>the</strong> 17 July, 1988 in Formigas islets by<br />

<strong>the</strong> anglers Lex Snoeÿs and Jan Rovers on <strong>the</strong> big game fishing boat “Albacora”-Pescatur-. Photographs<br />

are deposited at DOP. C. galapagensis and C. obsucurus can not be easily distinguishable on <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong><br />

external characters. C. galapagensis is said to occur around oceanic islands, while C. obscurus is said to<br />

occur at continental margins. C. obscurus was cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in ICN (1993).<br />

Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1865) marracho; tubarão<br />

oceanic whitetip shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.1.5.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Carcharias lamia by Ferreira 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Compagno 1984; Sanches 1986b.<br />

Galeocerdo cuvieri (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) tubarão tigre<br />

tiger shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Based on a specimen (169cm TL., 20.5 kg TW) caught in Varadouro, Faial Island in 4<br />

October, 1991 by F/V “Guernica” (longlining for swordfish) and a second specimen (H. M. Silva, pers.<br />

com.) caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial by a fishing boat (longlining for swordfish). Jaws deposited at DOP (not<br />

numbered).<br />

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) tintureira, tubarão azul<br />

blue shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Carcharias glaucus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904,<br />

Belloc 1934, Ferreira 1937a, 1939, Collins 1954; Galeus glaucus by Roule 1919; Glyphis glaucus by<br />

Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Roule 1919º; Belloc 1934; Fowler<br />

1936; Ferreira 1937a, 1939º; Bigelow & Schroeder 1948; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Parin<br />

1970; Wheeler 1978; Martins 1982b; Compagno 1984; Martin 1986º; Sanches 1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Pinho & Pereira 1995aº; Silva & Menezes 1995bº; Santos et al. 1995a; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes<br />

1996º.<br />

Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) cornu<strong>da</strong>, peixe martelo, tubarãomartelo<br />

smooth hammerhead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 14.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cestracion zygaena by Roule 1919, Squalus zygoena by<br />

Sampaio 1904; Zygoena zygoena by Ferreira 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936º; Ferreira<br />

1939º; Bigelow & Schroeder 1948; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; Sanches<br />

1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The Bigelow & Schroeder (1948) inference that Brian (1908) cites Zygaena malleus for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> is based on a confusion <strong>of</strong> localities. Brian (1908) cites <strong>the</strong> species for Cape Verde and alludes to<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> only in regard to a copepod parasite Alebion carchariae, by stating: "Une forme qui lui<br />

ressemble, et qui pourrais être synonyme ou du moins une variété, a été appelée par Van Beneden (1892)<br />

Caligeria difficilis, provenant des <strong>Açores</strong>".<br />

Order LAMNIFORMES<br />

Odontaspidi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 7- Lamniformes. Family 21- Odontaspidi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810)<br />

smalltooth sand tiger; ragged-tooth<br />

shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 5.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

9

---

10<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: The first DOP record is a male (280cm TL) caught by F/V “Rosa Saron” on <strong>the</strong> 12 December,<br />

1991 <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island. O<strong>the</strong>r records include three males (152-304cm TL) caught <strong>of</strong>f Graciosa Island on<br />

20 March, 1994 by F/V “Aviz” in gill nets (H. M. Silva, pers. com.)<br />

Alopii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 7- Lamniformes. Family 25- Alopii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) tubarão raposo, romano, romão<br />

thresher shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 9.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Alopias vulpes by Ferreira 1937a, 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1937a, 1939º; Collins 1954; Wheeler 1978.<br />

Cetorhini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 7- Lamniformes. Family 26- Cetorhini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) peixe frade, tubarão frade<br />

basking shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 8.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954º; Clarke 1956; Wheeler 1978; Santos et al.<br />

1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: A young basking shark (250cm TL) referred by Clarke (1956), and identified by Bernhard<br />

Collins, was found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> a sperm whale caught on 10 February, 1956.<br />

Lamni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 7- Lamniformes. Family 27- Lamni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) tubarão branco<br />

white shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 7.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Charcarodon rondeletii by Ferreira 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939; Collins 1954; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, 1995; Ellis & McCosker 1991;<br />

Brum 1992º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: The account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species given by Ferreira (1939) is based on letters exchanged between<br />

Colonel Afonso Chaves and Pr<strong>of</strong>. P. J. van Beneden, that describe <strong>the</strong> capture <strong>of</strong> a white shark by <strong>the</strong><br />

whalers <strong>of</strong> Capelas (São Miguel Island).<br />

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 marracho, rinquim<br />

mako, shortfin mako<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 7.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lamna spalanzanii by Sampaio 1904, L. spallanzanii by<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b; L. oxyrinchus: Collins 1954; Oxyrhina spallanzanii by Ferreira 1937a, 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1937a, 1939º;<br />

Bigelow & Schroeder 1948; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; Martins 1982b;<br />

Compagno 1984; Sanches 1986b; Moreno & Morón 1992.º; Pinho & Pereira 1995aº.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Remarks: Moreno & Morón (1992) suggest that <strong>the</strong>re is an endemic race <strong>of</strong> I. oxyrinchus in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>,<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y call “marrajo criollo”.<br />

Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) marracho<br />

porbeagle<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 7.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wheeler 1978; Martins 1982b; Compagno 1984; Dias 1991º.<br />

Remarks: The first record <strong>of</strong> primary order concerning <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> area was not<br />

found. It is occasionally reported in <strong>the</strong> log books <strong>of</strong> local fishermen and big game fishing boats.<br />

Order HEXANCHIFORMES<br />

Hexanchi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 8- Hexanchiformes. Family 29- Hexanchi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) albafar bravo, bico doce<br />

sharpnose seven-gill shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 3.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Heptanchus cinereus by Ferreira 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Dias et al. 1976º; Ehrich 1977; Martins 1982b;<br />

INIP 1985bº; Sanches 1986b; Dias 1991º.<br />

Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) albafar<br />

six-gill shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 3.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Wheeler 1978; Martins 1982b; Sanches<br />

1986b; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias 1991º.<br />

Order SQUALIFORMES<br />

Dalatii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 9- Squaliformes. Family 31- Dalatii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Centroscymnus coelolepis Bocage & Capello, 1864 tubarão português<br />

Portuguese dogfish, Portuguese<br />

shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.4.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1908º; Roule 1912º, 1919º; Guiart 1935; Fowler 1936; Ferreira<br />

1939º; Bigelow & Schroeder 1948; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Golovan 1976;<br />

Wheeler 1978; Compagno 1984; Sanches 1986b; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Centroscymnus crepi<strong>da</strong>ter (Bocage & Capello, 1864) sapata preta<br />

longnose velvet dogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.4.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

11

---

12<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: One female (835mm TL) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” on 12 April, 1996 at 38º06’N,<br />

27º13’W, at 1050-1100m (G. Menezes and A. Silva, pers. com.).<br />

Centroscymnus cryptacanthus Regan, 1906<br />

shortnose velvet dogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.4.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One female (978mm TL) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” on 24 March, 1997 at 38º03’N,<br />

29º22’W, at 1150-1200m (G. Menezes and A. Silva, pers. com.).<br />

Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) gata-lixa, gato<br />

<strong>da</strong>rkie charlie, kitefin shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.10.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Dalathias licha by Martins 1982b; Scyliorhinus licha by<br />

Muzavor & Westhaus 1981, Scymnorhinus licha by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977, Wheeler 1978, Silva 1983,<br />

Shcherbachev et al. 1985; S. lichia by Ferreira 1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Cadenat 1937º; Ferreira 1939º; Bigelow & Schroeder 1948; Collins 1954;<br />

Clarke 1956º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977; Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981;<br />

Martins 1982b; Compagno 1984; Shcherbachev et al. 1985; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Sanches 1986b;<br />

Silva 1986aº,b, 1987º, 1992; Dias 1991º; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995a,c; Silva et<br />

al. 1995º; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Sampaio (1904) and Ribeiro (1936) include in <strong>the</strong>ir lists Scillium catulus and scilliam catulus,<br />

respectively, with <strong>the</strong> common name “lixa”, noting that it is caught for industrial purposes. “Lixa” is <strong>the</strong><br />

common name for Dalatias licha. The designation used by Ribeiro (1936) must be a misspelling <strong>of</strong><br />

Scyllium catulus, a synonym <strong>of</strong> Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 11.1.2.). Sampaio<br />

(1904) and Ribeiro (1936) were surely alluding to Dalatias licha. The specimen referred by Clarke<br />

(1956) and identified by Bernard Collins was found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> a sperm whale caught in 16<br />

September, 1955.<br />

Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904<br />

great lanternshark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.6.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Etmopterus pusillus (Lowe, 1839) lixinha <strong>da</strong> fundura, quelmazinha<br />

smooth lanternshark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.6.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1912º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º; Compagno 1984; INIP 1985aº,bº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º;<br />

Sanches 1986b; Dias 1991º; Menezes 1996 º.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press b) observed a shark which seem to agree with Etmopterus<br />

pusillus, at Menez Gwen (37º50’N, 31º31’W). They state that a definite record would be depend on a<br />

captured specimen.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) lixinha <strong>da</strong> fundura, quelmazinha<br />

velvet belly<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.6.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Spinax niger by Richard 1905b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1905bº; Brian 1912º; Roule 1912º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira<br />

1939; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Compagno 1984; Sanches 1986b; Silva et al. 1995º;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929<br />

kite-fin shark, sailfin roughshark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 15.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Brum in pressº.<br />

Scymno<strong>da</strong>latias garricki Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988<br />

<strong>Azores</strong> dogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: --.--.--. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Kukuyev & Konovalenko 1988º.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (ZIL 48190) caught in 1977 by <strong>the</strong> RTM “Bakhchisaray” on <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic<br />

Ridge, 40º22’N, 30º10’W, at 300m depth.<br />

Squaliolus laticaudus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912<br />

dwarf shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.4.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One female (275mm TL) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” on 24 March, 1997 at 38º02’N,<br />

29º21’W, at 700-750 m (G. Menezes and A. Silva, pers. com.).<br />

Centrophori<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 9- Squaliformes. Family 32- Centrophori<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Centrophorus granulosus (Schneider, 1801) quelma<br />

gulper shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Neuville 1897º; Ferreira 1939; Collins 1954; INIP 1985aº; Sanches 1986b;<br />

Dias 1991º.<br />

Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) lixa de escama<br />

leafscale gulper shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.7.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lepidorhinus squamosus by Roule 1919, Fowler 1936,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Roule 1912º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939; Collins<br />

1954; Grey 1956; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Collignon & Aloncle 1972; Compagno 1984; Sanches<br />

1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

13

---

14<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Deania calceus (Lowe, 1839) pífaro, pife, sapata, tutia<br />

birdbeak dogfish, shovel nosed<br />

shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.5.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Acanthidium calceus by Roule 1919, Guiart 1935,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias et al. 1976; Centrophorus calceus by Roule 1912, Ferreira 1939, Deania<br />

calcea by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1991, Gonçalves 1994.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1905bº; Roule 1912º, 1919º; Guiart 1935; Fowler 1936; Ferreira<br />

1939º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º, 1991; INIP<br />

1985aº,bº,cº; Sanches 1986b; Dias 1991º; Gonçalves 1994º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Daenia calceus is questionably cited by Van Dover et al. (1996).<br />

Deania pr<strong>of</strong>undorum (Smith & Ratcliffe, 1912) sapata<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.5.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Order RAJIFORMES<br />

Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 37- Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Torpedo (Tetronarce) nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 arraia, raia, tremelga<br />

electric ray, Atlantic torpedo<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 20.1.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Torpedo hebetans by Hilgendorf 1888b, Ferreira 1939; T.<br />

nobiliana by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Bigelow & Schroeder 1953.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Bigelow & Schroeder 1953; Sanches 1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was recently confirmed by a specimen (87cm TL)<br />

captured on 27 September, 1994 at Condor Bank by F/V “Três Rosas”. Photographs are deposited at<br />

DOP archives.<br />

Raji<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 41- Raji<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Raja (Leucoraja) fullonica Linnaeus, 1758 arraia, raia, raia prega<strong>da</strong><br />

shagreen ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.13. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; INIP 1985aº; Sanches 1986b; Dias 1991º; Silva et<br />

al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Raja (Raja) brachyura Lafont, 1873 arraia, raia, raia pontua<strong>da</strong><br />

blonde ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Raja oculata by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954.<br />

Raja (Raja) clavata Linnaeus, 1758 arraia, raia, raia lenga<br />

thornback ray, roker<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Raia clavata by Sampaio 1904, Belloc 1934, Ferreira<br />

1939.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Belloc 1934; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro<br />

1936; Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º;<br />

Sanches 1986b; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias 1991º; Dias & Cascalho 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Wirtz 1994º; Silva<br />

& Menezes 1995aº,bº; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Raja (Raja) maderensis Lowe, 1839 arraia; raia<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.5. Species cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM with a question mark.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Raia maderensis by Regan 1903, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro<br />

1936, Ferreira 1939; R. maderenses by Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira<br />

1939º; Collins 1954; Sanches 1986b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: This species is questioned in Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992) and in ICN (1993).<br />

Raja (Rajella) bigelowi Stehmann, 1978 arraia; raia<br />

Bigelow´s ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.17b.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Raia ackleyi by Ferreira 1939; Raja ackleyi by Roule<br />

1912, 1919, Fowler 1936, Collins 1954; R. acklegii by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Raja bathyphila by<br />

Stehmann 1971.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1912º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Stehmann 1971º, 1978º, 1995º; Sanches 1986b.<br />

Remarks: Bigelow & Schroeder (1953) suspected that Roule’s specimen was not Raja ackleyi<br />

“…because dermal armature diff. and color plain…”. Stehmann (1971, 1973) first treated <strong>the</strong> species as<br />

Raja bathyphilla Holt & Byrne, 1908 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 21.1.17a) but later, Stehmann (1978) described it as a<br />

new species R. bigelowi. Raja bathyphila is questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 44- Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) ratão, rato do mar, uja, uje<br />

stingray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 22.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Trygon pastinaca by Hilgendorf 1888b, Ferreira 1939;<br />

Dasyatis pastinacea by Nash et al. 1990.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Dias et al.<br />

1976º, 1990º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; INIP 1985bº,cº; Sanches 1986b; Barreiros 1990º;<br />

15

---

16<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Nash et al. 1990º, 1991º, 1994aº; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Wirtz 1990bº,<br />

1994º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Santos et al. 1994aº;<br />

Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) ratão<br />

blue stingray, violet stingray;<br />

pelagic stingray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 22.1.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Pinho & Pereira 1995aº; Silva & Menezes 1995bº.<br />

Remarks: The first specimen known to us was caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island in 1989 (DOP CD 1/34-40). This<br />

species is <strong>of</strong>ten caught during longline fishing for Xiphias gladius and Prionace glauca.<br />

Taeniura grabata (E. Ge<strong>of</strong>froy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) ratão<br />

round stingray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 22.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Wirtz 1994º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º.<br />

Remarks: This species was included in DOP’s <strong>fishes</strong> checklist by Peter Wirtz based on individuals<br />

photographed in nature but not collected (DOP CD 1/46-47).<br />

Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 47- Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798) urjamanta, maroma<br />

great devil fish; manta<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 25.-.-. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º; Ré 1979aº.<br />

Remarks: The inclusion <strong>of</strong> this species is based on Collins (1954) who notes a specimen harpooned in<br />

Horta harbour in 1951. The species was identified at <strong>the</strong> British Museum (Natural History) based on<br />

photographs and details supplied by Bernard Collins. The species is also questionably cited by Ré<br />

(1990).<br />

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) jamanta, jimanta, uje, uja<br />

devil ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 25.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cephaloptera giorna by Ferreira 1939; Ceratopterus sp.<br />

by van Beneden 1892, Silva 1893; Sampaio 1904; "Raie cornue" by Duhamel du Monceau 1777; “Raie<br />

mobular” by Lacepède 1798; "Raja, Vespertilio" by Walbaum 1792.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Duhamel du Monceau 1777; Walbaum 1792; Lacepède 1798; van Beneden<br />

1892; Silva 1893; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Bigelow & Schroeder 1953; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Sanches 1986b; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º,<br />

1994º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: Duhamel du Monceau (1777) dedicates his IVth Article to this species -De la Raie cornue des<br />

<strong>Açores</strong>, Mobular des Caraïbes, espéce de squatina, que quelques nomment encore Ange de Mer-,<br />

Section IX, Chapter III (Poissons Plats) from his Traité Général des Pêches to Mobula mobular, which<br />

is ilustrated in Plate XVII. Despite <strong>the</strong> fact that he includes in <strong>the</strong> species designation <strong>the</strong> reference to <strong>the</strong>

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> (p. 293), <strong>the</strong> geographic localities given are <strong>the</strong> coast <strong>of</strong> Normandy and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean. In <strong>the</strong><br />

same section, (p. 306) <strong>the</strong>re is a note on Article IV (wrongly identified as Article V) that does not<br />

mention <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The caption for Plate XVII (p. 320) is, however,<br />

specific in regards to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: "Le poisson représenté sur cette Planche, a peu de ressemblance avec<br />

nos Raies, on le nomme aux <strong>Açores</strong>, Raie cornue; les Caraïbes lui on donné le nom de Mobular, qui, je<br />

crois <strong>da</strong>ns leur langue, veut dire Diable, parce que le poisson qui est quelque fois fort grand, a l’air<br />

effrayant; les yeux sont placés sur les côtés à l’origine de ses cornes, comme on le voit à la Figure 1, la<br />

gueule & les ouïes se voyent à la face de dessous, Fig. 2.".<br />

Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) arreião, ratão<br />

eagle ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 23.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Leiobatus aquila by Roule 1912, 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Roule 1912º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1939º;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº,<br />

1990º; Sanches 1986b; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Class ACTINOPTERYGII<br />

Order ALBULIFORMES<br />

Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 22- Albuliformes. Family 66- Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

halosaur<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 88.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Aldrovandia phalacrus Goode & Bean 1895, Perrier 1903,<br />

by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Halosauropsis phalacrus by Fowler 1936; H. macrochir by Vaillant 1888;<br />

Halosaurus phalacrus by Vaillant 1888, 1919, Brauer 1906, Roule 1919, Ferreira 1942, Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Perrier 1903; Brauer 1906;<br />

Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Harrisson<br />

1966; McDowell 1973a; Maul 1976; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: According to McDowell (1973) <strong>the</strong> juvenile identified by Vaillant (1888) as Halosauropsis<br />

macrochir is a misidentification <strong>of</strong> A. phalacra.<br />

Halosauropsis macrochir (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

halosaur<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 88.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Aldrovandia macrochir by Zugmayer 1933, Roule &<br />

Angel 1933, Grey 1956, Harrisson 1966; A. macrochira by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Halosaurus<br />

macrochir by Vaillant 1888, Richard 1900, Brauer 1906, Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Collett 1896aº; Joubin 1905; Richard 1900, 1910;<br />

Brauer 1906; Roule 1919º; Koefoed 1927; Roule & Angel 1933º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936;<br />

17

---

18<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Harrisson 1966; Geistdoerfer et al.<br />

1971º; McDowell 1973aº; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Halosaurus johnsonianus Vaillant, 1888<br />

halosaur<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 88.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Richard 1900, 1910; Brauer 1906; Vaillant 1919º; Koefoed<br />

1927; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Harrisson 1966; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1977) says <strong>the</strong> following in regard to his citation <strong>of</strong> this species: "Un fâcheux<br />

accident survenu à cet exemplaire lors de son expédition par la poste le mit en trés mauvais état (la tête,<br />

en particulier, a été écrasée). Nous croyons cepen<strong>da</strong>nt pouvoir attribuer à l´espèce en référence étant<br />

donnée quelques caractéristiques encore observables".<br />

Halosaurus ovenii Johnson, 1863<br />

halosaur<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 88.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Halosaurus owenii by Vaillant 1888, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; H. (Halosaurus) owenii by McDowell 1973a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harrisson 1966;<br />

McDowell 1973a; Maul 1976; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 22- Albuliformes. Family 67- Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (Filippi & Verany, 1859)<br />

smallmouth spiny eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 89.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Macdonaldia rostrata by Roule 1919, Fowler 1936,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

McDowell 1973b.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press bº) refer to Polyacanthonotus cf. rissoanus stating that many <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ir observations <strong>of</strong> Polyacanthonotus could also correspond to P. challengeri (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 89.2.2.).<br />

Order ANGUILLIFORMES<br />

Anguilli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 68- Anguilli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) eiró, enguia, iró<br />

eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 71.1.1.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Anguilla canariensis by Drouët 1958, 1861a,b; Ramos<br />

1869; Sampaio 1904; A. vulgaris by Hilgendorf 1888b, Nobre 1924; Leptocephalus Anguillae vulgaris<br />

by Lea 1913; Muraena anguilla by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1858º, 1861aº,bº; Ramos 1869; Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1870º; Hilgendorf 1888bº;<br />

Vaillant 1888, 1898º; Collett 1896aº; Sampaio 1904º; Lea 1913; Nobre 1924º; D’Ancona 1929; Fowler<br />

1936; Ferreira 1934º, 1938º; Ege 1939; Poll 1947; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler<br />

1978; Martins 1982b; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Remarks: Vaillant (1898) mentions a specimen <strong>of</strong> Anguilla anguilla measuring 90cm and weighing<br />

between 1.5 and 2 kg, taken from a stomach <strong>of</strong> a sperm whale by Afonso Chaves and sent to <strong>the</strong> Musée<br />

d´Histoire Naturelle de Paris.<br />

Chlopsi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 71- Chlopsi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque, 1810 congrinho bicolor<br />

bicouloured false moray, bicolor eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 77.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: Two specimens (235-247mm TL) caught at Condor Bank (270m) by F/V “Guernica” on 22<br />

March, 1983 (DOP 47).<br />

Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 73- Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Anarchias euryurus Lea, 1913<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Uropterygius atlanticus by Vaillant 1919; U. grassi by<br />

Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1841) moreia víbora, víbora<br />

fangtooth moray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lycodontis anatinus by Fowler 1936; Muraena anatina by<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b, Ferreira 1938, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Murena anatina by Ferreira<br />

1938.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Dooley et al. 1985; Böhlke et al. 1989; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Azevedo 1995; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809) moreão, moreia castanha<br />

brown moray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.2.2.<br />

19

---

20<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gymnothorax sp.. by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980; Lycodontis unicolor<br />

by Fowler 1936, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Martins 1982b, Dooley et al. 1985, Dias 1991; L.<br />

unicolior by INIP 1985c; Murena unicolor by Ferreira 1938; Muraena unicolor by Regan 1903, Nobre<br />

1930, 1935, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Collins 1954, M. unicolore by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Nobre 1924º,<br />

1930, 1935; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

1980º, 1982b, 1995º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985cº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré<br />

1990º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias<br />

1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Gonçalves 1993; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros<br />

1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Muraena grisea is cited by Drouët (1861b), Ramos (1869) and Hilgendorf (1888b). This<br />

could be a synonym <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r Gymnothorax unicolor or Muraena augusti, since Drouët (1861b) and<br />

Ramos (1869) note that <strong>the</strong> local name is “moreão”.<br />

Muraena augusti (Kaup, 1856) moreão, moreia preta<br />

black moray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Murena augusti by Ferreira 1938.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Dooley et al.<br />

1985; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Azevedo 1995º; Barreiros<br />

1995º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1996.<br />

Remarks: See previous remark. Both Krug (1995) and Silva et al. (1994) refer to Muraena augusti as<br />

“moreão”. “Moreão” is a name that applies both to M. augusti and to Gymnothorax unicolor, this laster<br />

being more abun<strong>da</strong>nt. The two species are not differentiated on landings.<br />

Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758 moreia, moreia pinta<strong>da</strong><br />

moray eel, Mediterranean moray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Murenophis helena by Fowler 1936; Murena helena<br />

Ferreira 1938.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Fowler 1936º; Ferreira 1938; Nobre 1924º, 1930º; Ribeiro 1936º; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º;<br />

Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Barreiros<br />

1990º, 1995º; Dias et al. 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º;<br />

Gonçalves 1993; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Azevedo 1995; Silva &<br />

Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 74- Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Ilyophis blachei Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Merrett, 1982<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 87.3.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Histiobranchus bathybius (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

deep water arrowtooth eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 87.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Histiobranchus infernalis by Zugmayer 1933, Fowler<br />

1936; Synaphobranchus infernalis by Bruun 1937, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Grey 1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Bruun 1937º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey<br />

1956.<br />

Remarks: Only leptocephali were studied by Bruun (1937).<br />

Simenchelys parasitica (Gill MS) Goode & Bean, 1879<br />

snubnosed eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 72.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Conchognatus grimaldii by Collett 1889a, Belloc 1949;<br />

Simenchelis parasiticus by Goode & Bean 1895, Collins 1954; Simenchelys grimaldii by Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, S.<br />

parasiticus by Collett 1896a, Perrier 1903, Albert I er de Monaco 1904, Richard 1900, 1910, Brauer<br />

1906, Vaillant 1919, Zugmayer 1911b, Jaquet 1920, Barnard 1925, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1938,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1889aº; Goode & Bean 1895; Perrier 1903; Albert I er de Monaco<br />

1904º; Richard 1900, 1910; Brauer 1906; Zugmayer 1911bº; Vaillant 1919º; Jaquet 1920; Barnard 1925;<br />

Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977;<br />

Robins & Robins 1989; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Synaphobranchus kaupi Johnson, 1862 congrinho, moreão<br />

Kaup´s arrowtooth eel, nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

cutthroat eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 87.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Leptocephalus Synaphobranchi pinnati by Lea 1913;<br />

Synaphobranchus pinnatus by Vaillant 1888, 1919, Goode & Bean 1895, Collett 1896a, Zugmayer<br />

1911b, Roule 1919, Koefoed 1927; Zugmayer 1933; Guiart 1935, Nobre 1935, Bruun 1936, 1937,<br />

Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1938, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; S. p. parvipinnis by Belloc 1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895; Collett 1896aº; Zugmayer<br />

1911bº; Lea 1913; Roule 1919º; Koefoed 1927; Zugmayer 1933º; Guiart 1935; Nobre 1935; Bruun<br />

1936, 1937; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey<br />

1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; INIP 1985aº,bº; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Gonçalves &<br />

Santos 1994º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº; Menezes 1996º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: Vaillant (1919) cites an unidentified Synaphobranchus sp.., caught at station 621 (730m). The<br />

specimens studied by Bruun (1937) were leptocephali from many stations.<br />

Ophichthi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 75- Ophichthi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Apterichthus caecus (Linnaeus, 1758) congrinho <strong>da</strong> areia<br />

European finless eel<br />

21

---

22<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 86.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Sphagebranchus caecus by Ferreira 1938.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1938º; Pereira & Aguiar 1979º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos et al. 1994a; Azevedo<br />

1995; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995.<br />

Remarks: The citation by Ferreira (1938) is based on his observation <strong>of</strong> a specimen at Museu Carlos<br />

Machado in São Miguel. Sphagebranchus caecus is a synonym <strong>of</strong> Apterichthus anguiformis (Peters,<br />

1877) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 86.6.1) and <strong>of</strong> A. caecus. As <strong>the</strong> first species is not known to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>,<br />

Ferreira's (1938) record should be considered <strong>the</strong> first record <strong>of</strong> A. caecus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Derichthyi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 77- Derichthyi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Derichthys serpentinus Gill, 1884<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 83.1.1. Not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Post & Tesch 1982º.<br />

Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 79- Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Avocettina infans (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

avocet snipe-eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 76.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Nemichthys infans by Vaillant 1888.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Nemichthys curvirostris (Stromman, 1896)<br />

spotted snipe eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 76.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nielsen & Smith 1978º; Smith & Nielsen 1989.<br />

Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848<br />

slender snipe-eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 76.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Nemichthys scolopacea by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Bertin 1929º, 1931; Fowler 1936; Roule &<br />

Angel 1933º; Belloc 1938; Ferreira 1938; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1955º; Nielsen & Smith<br />

1978º; Wheeler 1978; Post & Tesch 1982º.<br />

Congri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 80- Congri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809)

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

balearic conger, bandtooth conger<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 82.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Albuquerque (1954-1956) cites this species as occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on Fowler<br />

(1936) who mentions a leptocephalus (Leptocephalus congrimuraena balearicae) captured <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> at 38º58’N, 45º59’W (see Roule 1919). This species was included in DOP’s <strong>fishes</strong> checklist by<br />

Peter Wirtz based on underwater observation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Conger conger ([Artedi, 1738] Linnaeus, 1758) congro, safio<br />

conger eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 82.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Conger vulgaris by Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903;<br />

Muraena conger Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888b; Regan 1903º; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias &<br />

Monteiro 1986º; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992, 1995º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos<br />

et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Dias 1991º; Dias & Cascalho 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Santos 1992a; Silva & Krug 1992º; Gonçalves 1993; Krug 1995; Nash et al. 1994aº; Silva et al. 1994º,<br />

1995º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro<br />

1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: According to Ferreira (1938) “safio” is <strong>the</strong> common name applied to juveniles.<br />

Paraconger macrops (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1870) congro <strong>da</strong> areia, ortiga<br />

blackspot conger<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 82.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Conger macrops Hilgendorf 1888b, Ferreira 1938, Collins<br />

1954, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1981.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1981º, 1982a;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Pseudophichthys splendens (Lea, 1913)<br />

purplemou<strong>the</strong>d conger<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 82.5.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pseudophichthys latedorsalis by Roule 1916, 1919, Belloc<br />

1949; Promyllantor laterodorsalis by Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Belloc 1949º; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Nettastomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 81- Nettastomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Bellotti, 1883)<br />

facciola’s sorcerer<br />

23

---

24<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 80.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Facciolella oxyrhinchus by Smith & Castle 1982.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Smith & Castle 1982º.<br />

Remarks: Only leptocephali are cited by Smith & Castle (1982) for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> region. One adult<br />

specimen (65cm TL), found stranded at Porto Pim beach (Faial Island) on 9 January, 1996 (DOP 369).<br />

Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810<br />

blackfin sorcerer<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 80.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Leptocephalus urosema n. sp. by Lea 1913; Nettastoma<br />

melanura by Roule 1919, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1938, Collins 1954, Smith & Castle 1982.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lea 1913º; Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Smith &<br />

Castle 1982º.<br />

Remarks: Only leptocephali are reported by Smith & Castle (1982).<br />

Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 82- Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Serrivomer beani Gill & Ryder, 1884<br />

Bean’s sawtoo<strong>the</strong>d eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 75.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Avocettina infans by Fowler 1936; Nemichthys infans by<br />

Vaillant 1888; Paraserrivomer hasta by Roule & Angel 1931, 1933, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1938, Collins<br />

1954; Serrivomer parabeani by Bauchot-Boutin 1955; S. Richardi by Brauer 1906; S. Richardii by<br />

Goode & Bean 1895, Perrier 1903; S. Richardü by Ferreira 1938; S. sector by Roule & Bertin 1929.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Perrier 1903; Brauer 1906; Roule &<br />

Bertin 1929º; Roule & Angel 1931º, 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1938; Collins 1954; Bauchot-Boutin<br />

1955º; Post & Tesch 1982º; Tighe 1989; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Bauchot et al. 1993º.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936) lists Serrivomer beanii but he does not cite it for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Paraserrivomer<br />

hasta N. Sp. (sic!) is referred by Ferreira (1938) based on Perrier (1903). It is probable that this last<br />

author based his citation on Vaillant (1888). According to Roule & Angel (1931) an adult specimen<br />

caught at st. 3281 was labelled by Zugmayer as Gavialiceps hasta.<br />

Serrivomer lanceolatoides (Schmidt, 1916)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 75.1.2. Included in FNAM as Serrivomer brevidentatus Roule & Bertin, 1929.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Post & Tesch 1982º.<br />

Remarks: Serrivomer brevidentatus is considered to be a junior synonym <strong>of</strong> S. lanceolatoides (Tighe<br />

1989, based on Bauchot 1959). Tighe (1989) is also <strong>of</strong> opinion that S. lanceolatoides should probably be<br />

placed, toge<strong>the</strong>r with a Indo-Pacific Serrivomer (S. neocaledoniensis), in a separate genus or sub-genus<br />

(eventually Platuronides).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Order SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES<br />

Saccopharyngi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 24- Saccopharyngiformes. Family 84- Saccopharyngi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Saccopharynx ampullaceus (Harwood, 1827)<br />

gulper eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 69.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Saccopharynx flagellum by Böhlke 1966.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Böhlke 1966º; Nielsen & Bertelsen 1985º; Krefft 1987.<br />

Remarks: Nielsen & Bertelsen (1985) state that <strong>the</strong> identification by Böhlke (1966) is dubious due to<br />

lack <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> distal parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimen. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was<br />

questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Eurypharyngi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 24- Saccopharyngiformes. Family 85- Eurypharyngi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882<br />

pelican eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 70.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Eurypharynx richardi by Bertin 1934; Gastrostoma Bairdi<br />

by Zugmayer 1933; Leptocephalus peudo-latissimus by Bertin 1938.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bertin 1934º, 1938º; Roule & Angel 1933; Ferreira 1938; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Grey 1956; Post & Tesch 1982º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Order CLUPEIFORMES<br />

Clupei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 25- Clupeiformes. Family 91- Clupei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) petinga, sardinha<br />

pilchard, sardine<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 33.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Alausa pilchardus by Vaillant 1919; Clupea pilchardus by<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b, Fage 1920; C. pitchardus by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936; Sardinha pilchardus by<br />

Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888b; Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Fage 1920º; Ramalho<br />

1929c; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Martins 1982b; Isidro 1988,<br />

1990aº,bº; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al.<br />

1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Pinho et al. 1995; Santos & Nash 1995º; Isidro 1996.<br />

Order OSMERIFORMES<br />

Microstomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes; Family 154- Microstomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

25

---

26<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810)<br />

slender argentine<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 46.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Citations for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Cohen 1960º; Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: Recorded by Cohen (1960) for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on a single specimen caught at 36º53’N,<br />

29º47’W (station 56 <strong>of</strong> “Michael Sars” expedition) but <strong>the</strong> record is not confirmed in subsequent papers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> author. The species is included in this checklist based on Porteiro et al. (in prep.).<br />

Bathylagi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes; Family 155- Bathylagi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Bathylagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 47.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Citations for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Bathylagus greyae Cohen, 1958<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 47.1.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Citations for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes. Family 156- Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer, 1911 peixe-sola<br />

barreleyes<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 48.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Cohen 1964;<br />

Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Hamer et al. 1994º.<br />

Opisthoproctus soleatus Vaillant, 1888 peixe-sola<br />

barreleyes<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 48.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Albert I er de Monaco 1904º; Roule 1916º, 1919º; Schmidt 1918; Roule &<br />

Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Cohen 1964.<br />

Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes. Family 158- Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Alepocephalus rostratus Risso, 1820<br />

Risso’s smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.1.1. Species not cited in FNAM for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathytroctes rostratus by Murray & Hjort 1912, Fowler<br />

1936.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Perrier 1903; Brauer 1906; Murray &<br />

Hjort 1912º; Koefoed 1927; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul<br />

1976; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Bajacalifornia megalops (Lütken, 1898)<br />

bigeye smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.4.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Krefft 1985º.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (76.5mm SL) caught by R/V “Anton Dohrn” cruise nº 2, St. 5865 (41º02’N,<br />

23º52’W).<br />

Bathylaco nigricans Goode & Bean 1896<br />

black warrior<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.4a.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle & Quéro 1984º; Krefft 1985º.<br />

Bathytroctes microlepis Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.4c.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle & Quéro 1984º.<br />

smallscale smooth-head<br />

Bellocia koefoedi (Parr, 1951)<br />

Koefoed’s smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.5.1. Species cited in FNAM south-west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: This species was cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in ICN (1993) based in FNAM.<br />

Conocara fiolenti Sazanov & Ivanov, 1979<br />

Fiolenti’s smooth head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.6.4.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle & Quéro 1984º.<br />

Remarks: The two specimens collected by A. A. Glukov- PINRO, Murmansk, at 40º03’N, 27º11’W,<br />

constitute <strong>the</strong> maximum depths given for this species, 1,880 and 1,900m, respectively.<br />

Conocara macroptera (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

longfin smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.6.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1916º, 1919º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Conocara murrayi (Koefoed, 1927)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.6.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle & Quéro 1984.<br />

Murray’s smooth-head<br />

27

---

28<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Einara edentula (Alcock, 1892)<br />

toothless smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.7.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Torictus atlanticus by Geistdoerfer et al. 1971.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Markle 1976º.<br />

Herwigia kreffti (Nielsen & Larsen, 1970)<br />

Krefft’s smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.7a.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Tortonese & Hureau 1979º.<br />

Remarks: The citation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Tortonese & Hureau (1979) is based on a<br />

specimen deposited at <strong>the</strong> ISH.<br />

Photostylus pycnopterus Beebe, 1933<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.11a.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Krefft 1976º, 1985º.<br />

starry smooth-head<br />

Rouleina attrita (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

s<strong>of</strong>tskin smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.12.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Alepocephalus rostratus by Fowler 1936; Bathytroctes<br />

attritus by Vaillant 1888, 1919, Goode & Bean 1895, Brauer 1906, Bertin 1940; B. mollis by Fowler<br />

1936, Collins 1954; Rouleina attritus by Grey 1956; Talismania mollis by Roule 1916, 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Brauer 1906; Roule 1916º,<br />

1919º; Fowler 1936; Bertin 1940º; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Markle 1978º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936) considers <strong>the</strong> citation <strong>of</strong> Bathytroctes attritus by Vaillant (1888, 1919) as a<br />

synonym <strong>of</strong> Alepocephalus rostratus, an assignment which is dubious. The citation by Fowler (1936) <strong>of</strong><br />

A. rostratus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is solely based on <strong>the</strong> synonym <strong>of</strong> Vaillant’s B. attritus (= Rouleina attrita:<br />

see Markle 1978). Fowler’s A. rostratus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> must be considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> Rouleina<br />

attrita.<br />

Talismania mekistonema Sulak, 1975<br />

threadfin smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.12a.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Tortonese & Hureau 1979º.<br />

Remarks: Known from a single specimen taken at 38º15’N, 27º07’’W (IOS, Tortonese & Hureau 1979).<br />

Xenodermichthys copei (Gill, 1884)<br />

bluntsnout smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.14.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Xenodermichthys socialis by Collett 1896a, Joubin 1905,<br />

Richard 1900, 1910, Roule 1919, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1942, Albuquerque 1954-1956.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Joubin 1905; Richard 1900, 1910; Roule 1919; Fowler<br />

1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Krefft 1985º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Platytrocti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes. Family 159- Platytrocti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Normichthys operosus Parr, 1951<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 32.6.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Matsui & Rosenblatt 1984º.<br />

multipore searsid<br />

Searsia koefoedi Parr, 1937<br />

Koefoed’s searsid<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 32.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathytroctes rostratus by Koefoed 1927.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1927º; Parr 1960º; Sazonov 1976º; Matsui & Rosenblatt 1984º.<br />

Order STOMIIFORMES<br />

Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 34- Stomiiformes. Family 167- Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Bonapartia pe<strong>da</strong>liota Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Zaphotias photocephalus by Roule & Angel 1933, Ferreira<br />

1942, Belloc 1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Ferreira 1942; Belloc 1949º; Fowler 1936;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1964; Mukhacheva 1976; Post 1985º.<br />

Cyclothone alba Brauer, 1906<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyclothone signata alba by Murray & Hjort 1912.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Koefoed 1960º.<br />

Cyclothone braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyclothone signata by Zugmayer 1911b, Roule 1919,<br />

Roule & Angel 1930, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1942, Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº; Roule 1919º; Roule & Angel 1930º;Fowler 1936;<br />

Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1960º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º;<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º.<br />

29

---

30<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1977) also cites ano<strong>the</strong>r Cyclothone sp.., that was unidentifiable due to its bad state<br />

<strong>of</strong> preservation, adding that <strong>the</strong> general appearence is different from C. braueri.<br />

Cyclothone livi<strong>da</strong> Brauer, 1902<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º<br />

Cyclothone microdon Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.5.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Neostoma quadrioculatum by Vaillant 1888.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Collett 1896aº; Richard<br />

1905aº; Zugmayer 1911bº; Roule & Angel 1924º, 1930º, 1933º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Bertin<br />

1940º; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1960º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Cyclothone palli<strong>da</strong> Brauer, 1902<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.6.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyclothone microdon palli<strong>da</strong> by Murray & Hjort 1912.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Fowler 1936; Koefoed 1960º; Geistdoerfer et al.<br />

1971º.<br />

Cyclothone pseudopalli<strong>da</strong> Muckacheva, 1964<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.7. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º<br />

Diplophos taenia Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1873<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.5.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (120mm TL) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” with RMT8 on 21 August, 1994 at<br />

36º56’N, 27º58’W (DOP 349).<br />

Gonostoma bathyphilum (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.1.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Neostoma bathyphilum by Vaillant 1888, Roule & Angel<br />

1923; Cyclothone bathyphila by Goode & Bean 1895; C. bathyphilum by Roule 1919, Fowler 1936; C.<br />

grandis by Collett 1896b, Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1942, Belloc 1949; Gonostoma bathyfilum by<br />

Zugmayer 1933, Ferreira 1942; G. grande by Murray & Hjort 1912; G. grandis by Barnard 1925,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895; Collett 1896b; Murray & Hjort<br />

1912º; Roule 1919º; Roule & Angel 1923º; Barnard 1925; Fowler 1936; Bertin 1940º; Ferreira 1942;<br />

Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964; Post<br />

1985º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Gonostoma denu<strong>da</strong>tum Rafinesque, 1810<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Angel 1930º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Dias et al. 1976º; Post 1985º.<br />

Gonostoma elongatum Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.1.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyclothone elongata by Roule & Angel 1933, Zugmayer<br />

1933, Ferreira 1942; Gonostoma polyphos by Roule & Angel 1933, Ferreira 1942; G. rho<strong>da</strong>denia by<br />

Murray & Hjort 1912, Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler<br />

1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964; Geistdoerfer et<br />

al. 1971º; Post 1985º.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936), Collins (1954) and Albuquerque (1954-1956) cite Gonostoma rho<strong>da</strong>denia and<br />

G. elongatum as two distinct species.<br />

Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen & Tåning, 1919<br />

bristlemouth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.7.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964; Mukhacheva 1976.<br />

Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 34- Stomiiformes. Family 168- Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes, 1849 pai-velho<br />

hatchetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.2.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Argyropelecus amabilis by Schultz 1964; A. Olfersii by<br />

Collett 1897, Roule & Angel 1933; A. acanthurus by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Valenciennes 1849º; Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1864º; Goode & Bean 1895; Collett 1897º,<br />

1905º; Brauer 1906; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Jespersen 1915, 1934; Borodin 1931º; Zugmayer 1933º;<br />

Fowler 1936; Bertin 1940º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1962º; Schultz 1964º; Dias<br />

et al. 1976º; Pafort-Van Iersel 1981º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Schultz (1964) considers both Argyropelecus amabilis and A. aculeatus.<br />

Argyropelecus gigas Norman, 1930 pai-velho<br />

hatchetfish<br />

31

---

32<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.2.4.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: This species was question marked for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in ICN (1993).<br />

Argyropelecus hemigymnus (Cocco, 1829) pai-velho<br />

hatchetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Jespersen 1915; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Roule<br />

& Angel 1924º; Borodin 1931º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1962º; Schultz 1964º; Baird 1971º; Pafort-Van Iersel 1981º.<br />

Remarks: Baird (1971) refers <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> two forms <strong>of</strong> body pigment that Badcock (1969) has<br />

shown to be variation in <strong>da</strong>y/night pigment.<br />

Argyropelecus olfersi (Cuvier, 1829) pai-velho<br />

hatchetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.2.5.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Argyropelecus olfersii by Collett 1896a, Regan 1903,<br />

Nobre 1924, Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Regan 1903º; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Jespersen<br />

1915; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Zugmayer 1933º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Nobre<br />

1935; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1962º; Schultz<br />

1964; Baird 1971º; Pafort-Van Iersel 1981º.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936, p. 244) mentions A. Olfersii for <strong>the</strong> region, wrongly based in Lütken (1892). In<br />

fact this author indicates that <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species ranges from 43º- 47ºN, 23º- 27ºW and does<br />

not alludes to <strong>the</strong> 33º- 47ºN range, as stated by Fowler (1936).<br />

Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus Cocco, 1838<br />

pearlsides<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.8.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Collins 1954; Parin & Kobyliansky 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Parin & Kobyliansky (1996) revali<strong>da</strong>ted Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus Cocco, 1838,<br />

which <strong>the</strong>y cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, toge<strong>the</strong>r with M. muelleri. This requires a revaluation <strong>of</strong> Vaillant´s (1919)<br />

M. amethystino-punctatus (also cited by Collins 1954) which was considered in Cl<strong>of</strong>nam, among o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

a synonym <strong>of</strong> M. muelleri.<br />

Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789)<br />

pearlsides<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Maurolicus pennanti by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964; Dias et<br />

al. 1976º; Mukhacheva 1981; INIP 1985aº; Parin & Kobyliansky 1996; Monteiro 1996º; Monteiro et al.<br />

1996bº.<br />

Remarks: see remark above.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781<br />

hatchetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Stenoptyx diaphanus by Collett 1896a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Valenciennes 1849º; Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º;<br />

Brauer 1906; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule 1919º; Zugmayer 1911bº, 1933º; Jespersen 1915; Roule &<br />

Angel 1924º, 1930º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Koefoed 1962º; Haedrich 1964º; Schultz 1964; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Pafort-Van Iersel 1981º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird, 1971<br />

hatchetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 38.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Pafort-Van Iersel 1981º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.11.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Vallenciennellus sp.. by Roule & Angel 1923.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Angel 1923º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 34- Stomiiformes. Family 169- Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Ichthyococcus ovatus Cocco, 1838<br />

lightfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.6.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Angel 1924º, 1930º; Fowler 1936; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1958º; Grey 1964; Krefft 1983.<br />

Remarks: Krefft (1983) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species at “sou<strong>the</strong>rn parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>-<br />

Britannia Province”.<br />

Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838)<br />

lightfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.12.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Maurolicus lucetius by Ferreira 1942, Vinciguerria lucetia<br />

by Zugmayer 1911b, 1933, Murray & Hjort 1912, Fowler 1936, Roule & Angel 1924, 1930, 1933,<br />

Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº, 1933º; Brauer 1906; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule &<br />

Angel 1924º, 1930º, 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Koefoed 1958º; Post 1985º.<br />

33

---

34<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Vinciguerria nimbaria (Jor<strong>da</strong>n & Williams, 1895)<br />

lightfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.12.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Maurolicus lucetius by Ferreira 1942, Vinciguerria lucetia<br />

by Zugmayer 1911b, 1933, Murray & Hjort 1912, Roule & Angel 1924, 1930, 1933, Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº, 1933º; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule & Angel 1924º,<br />

1930º, 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Koefoed 1958º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco, 1838)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.12.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1958º.<br />

Stomii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 34- Stomiiformes. Family 170- Stomii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

lightfish<br />

Aristostomias tittmanni Welsh, 1923<br />

loosejaw<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 43.2.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Fowler 1936; Morrow 1964b.<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s gemmifer Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 39.1.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

snaggletooth<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s micropogon Goodyear & Gibbs, 1970<br />

snaggletooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 39.1.8. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s neopogon Regan & Trewavas, 1929<br />

snaggletooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 39.1.6. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s niger Richardson, 1844<br />

snaggletooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 39.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1929º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938º; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Bathophilus nigerrimus Giglioli, 1884<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Bathophilus vaillanti (Zugmayer, 1911)<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.2.3. and 42.2.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathophilus metallicus by Regan & Trewavas 1930,<br />

Koefoed 1956; Trichostomias Alberti by Roule & Angel 1931, 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Roule & Angel 1931º, 1933º; Fowler 1936;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1956º; Dias et al. 1976º.<br />

Remarks: The Roule & Angel record (1931: p. 7 and 1933: p. 13) <strong>of</strong> a specimen caught at Bank<br />

Gorringe can not to be accurate if <strong>the</strong> coordinates <strong>of</strong> st. 3284 are 39º18’N, 35º24’30’’W.<br />

Chauliodus <strong>da</strong>nae Regan & Trewavas, 1929<br />

Dana viperfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 40.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1929º; Fowler 1936; Ege 1948º; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Koefoed 1956º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º.<br />

Chauliodus sloani Schneider, 1801<br />

Sloane’s viperfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 40.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chauliodus sloanei by Richard 1905a, Zugmayer 1911b,<br />

Murray & Hjort 1912, Roule 1919, Roule & Angel 1924, 1930, Regan & Trewavas 1929, Zugmayer<br />

1933, Ferreira 1942; C. s. sloanei by Ege 1948, Koefoed 1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1905aº; Zugmayer 1911bº; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule 1919º;<br />

Regan & Trewavas 1929º; Roule & Angel 1924º, 1930º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942;<br />

Ege 1948º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1956º; Morrow 1964a; Geistdoerfer et al.<br />

1971º; Dias et al. 1976º.<br />

Chirostomias pliopterus Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º.<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Eustomias furcifer Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.5.4. Species excluded from FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Eustomias macrurus Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

35

---

36<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.5.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Eustomias obscurus Vaillant, 1888<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.5.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Perrier 1903; Brauer 1906; Bertin<br />

1940º; Ferreira 1942; Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Morrow & Gibbs 1964; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Flagellostomias boureei (Zugmayer, 1913)<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.6.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Eustomias Bourreei by Zugmayer 1913, Belloc 1949;<br />

Flagellostomias Bouréei by Roule & Angel 1933, Ferreira 1942.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1913º; Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler<br />

1936; Ferreira 1942; Belloc 1949º; Morrow & Gibbs 1964; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º.<br />

Idiacanthus fasciola Peters, 1877<br />

sawtailfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 44.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Stylophthalmus paradoxus by Roule & Angel 1924.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Roule & Angel 1924º, 1933º; Fowler 1936;<br />

Ferreira 1942; Gibbs 1964.<br />

Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer, 1911)<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Leptostomias ramosus by Regan & Trewavas 1930;<br />

Melanostomias ramosus by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Malacosteus niger Ayres, 1848<br />

loosejaw<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 43.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Malacosteus choristo<strong>da</strong>ctylus by Vaillant 1888, Murray &<br />

Hjort 1912, Ferreira 1942.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule 1919º;<br />

Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Morrow 1964b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Ferreira (1942) mentions both Malacosteus choristo<strong>da</strong>ctylus and M. niger as two valid<br />

species.<br />

Melanostomias bartonbeani Parr, 1927<br />

scaleless dragonfish

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.1.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melanostomias spilorhynchus by Regan & Trewavas 1930,<br />

Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Melanostomias valdiviae Brauer, 1902<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Photonectes braueri (Zugmayer, 1913)<br />

scaleless dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.9.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melanostomias Braueri by Zugmayer 1913; Photonectes<br />

(Dolichostomias) Braueri by Roule & Angel 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1913º; Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Koefoed 1956º; Morrow & Gibbs 1964.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Photonectes margarita (Goode & Bean, 1896)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.9.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Echiostoma Richardi by Zugmayer 1913; Photonectes<br />

(Trachinostomias) Richardi by Roule & Angel 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1913º; Roule & Angel 1933º.<br />

Photostomias guernei Collett, 1889<br />

loosejaw<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 43.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Phostomia Guerni by Nobre 1935; Photostomias Guernei<br />

by Collett 1889b 1896a, Lütken 1892, Richard 1900, Perrier 1903, Joubin 1905, Ferreira 1942, Belloc<br />

1949; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Photostomis guerni by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1889bº, 1896aº; Lütken 1892; Goode & Bean 1895; Richard 1900;<br />

Perrier 1903; Joubin 1905; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Regan & Trewavas 1930º; Zugmayer 1933º; Nobre<br />

1935; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed<br />

1956º; Morrow 1964b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt, 1843<br />

scaly dragonfish, boa dragonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 41.1.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Stomias boa by Zugmayer 1911b, Murray & Hjort 1912,<br />

Roule & Angel 1933, Bruun 1936, Backus et al. 1970; S. ferox by Fowler 1936, Belloc 1938;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

37

---

38<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Ege 1934; Bruun 1936; Roule &<br />

Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Koefoed 1956º; Gibbs<br />

1969; Backus et al. 1970º; Shcherbachev & Novikova 1976.<br />

Remarks: Ege (1918a) states that Stomia ferox “was found at nearly all oceanic stations, between 28º52’<br />

and 57º41’N. lat. … on <strong>the</strong> cruise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Michael Sars” in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic in 1910”.<br />

Stomias brevibarbatus Ege, 1918<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 41.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Trigonolampa miriceps Regan & Trewavas, 1930<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 42.10.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Order AULOPIFORMES<br />

Aulopodi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 173- Aulopodi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792) lagarto do alto<br />

Mediterranean flagfin<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 50.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Silva & Menezes 1995bº;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 174- Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chlorophthalmus agassizii Bonaparte, 1840 olho-vivo<br />

shortnoose greeneye<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 55.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Aulopus Agassizi by Vaillant 1888; Chlorophtalmus<br />

agassizi by Carvalho 1982.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Perrier 1903; Fowler 1936; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Carvalho 1982; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Perrier (1903) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> “Chlorophthalmus Agassizii” for <strong>the</strong> “Medit. et Atl.<br />

du sud des <strong>Açores</strong>”, without stating exact locations.<br />

Ipnopi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 175- Ipnopi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Bathypterois dubius Vaillant, 1888 peixe tripé<br />

spiderfish

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 53.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathypterois (Bathypterois) dubius by Sulak 1977.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895; Collett 1896aº; Perrier 1903;<br />

Brauer 1906; Brian 1908º, 1912º; Richard 1900, 1910; Roule 1919º; Koefoed 1927; Fowler 1936;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Golovan 1976; Maul 1976; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º; Sulak<br />

1977; Shcherbachev et al. 1985º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The record by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1977) was question marked.<br />

Bathypterois grallator (Goode & Bean, 1886) peixe tripé<br />

tripodfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 53.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathypterois (Benthosaurus) grallator by Sulak 1977;<br />

Benthosaurus grallator by Rannou & Gaborit-Rezzouk 1976, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Rannou & Gaborit-Rezzouk 1976º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º; Sulak 1977º;<br />

Shcherbachev 1981º.<br />

Remarks: The record by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1977) was question marked.<br />

Bathypterois longipes Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878 peixe tripé abissal<br />

abyssal spiderfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 53.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathypterois (Bathycygnus) longipes Sulak 1977.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nybelin 1951º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Sulak 1977.<br />

Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1928 peixe tripé de barbatana negra<br />

blackfin spiderfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 53.1.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathypterois (Bathypterois) phenax by Sulak 1977.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Rannou & Gaborit-Rezzouk 1976º; Sulak 1977.<br />

Bathytyphlops sewelli (Norman, 1939)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 54.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathytyphlops azorensis by Geistdoerfer et al. 1970, 1971;<br />

Sulak 1974.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Geistdoerfer et al. 1970º, 1971º; Sulak 1974; Merrett 1980º.<br />

Scopelarchi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 176- Scopelarchi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Zugmayer´s pearleye<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 59.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1924º; Merrett et al. 1973º; Johnson 1974.<br />

39

---

40<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902)<br />

short fin pearleye<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 59.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Odontostomus perarmatus by Roule 1916; O. (Dissomma)<br />

perarmatus by Roule 1919, Belloc 1949; Scopelarchus anale by Koefoed 1955.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Koefoed 1955º; Johnson 1974º.<br />

Notosudi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 177- Notosudi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Ahliesaurus berryi Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 56.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bertelsen et al. 1976º.<br />

Remarks: Only larvae were reported by Bertelsen et al. (1976).<br />

Scopelosaurus argenteus (Maul, 1954)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 56.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bertelsen et al. 1976º.<br />

Scopelosaurus lepidus (Krefft & Maul, 1955)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 56.1.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bertelsen et al. 1976º.<br />

Synodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 178- Synodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Bathysaurus ferox Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

waryfish<br />

waryfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 52.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathysaurus agassizi by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977; Macristium<br />

chavesi by Regan 1903, 1911, Fowler 1936, Berg 1946, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º, 1911; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Grey 1956; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936) reports Macristum chavesi, based on a “<strong>da</strong>maged specimen apparently washed<br />

ashore in <strong>the</strong> sea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.” (p. 195), and Bathysaurus ferox, based in Murray & Hjort (1912) who<br />

listed a specimen caught in a station <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Bathysaurus mollis Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 52.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º, 1991; Pérès 1992.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synodus saurus (Linnaues, 1758) lagarto <strong>da</strong> costa, peixe lagarto<br />

Atlantic lizardfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 51.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Saurus saurus by Collett 1896a, Roule 1919, Vaillant<br />

1919, S. trivirgatus by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Sampaio 1904º; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936º;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Anderson et al. 1966; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré<br />

1979aº; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Patzner & Santos 1990aº,eº; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner et al. 1990º,<br />

1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al.<br />

1992º; Santos 1992a; Nash et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º;<br />

Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Ré (1990) and Wirtz (1994) also cite Synodus synodus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 51.1.1.) a<br />

species that does not occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Peter Wirtz’s citation was an editorial mistake (P.Wirtz pers.<br />

com.).<br />

Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 180- Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Arctozenus rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840)<br />

barracudina, white barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Paralepis rissoi by Albuquerque 1954-1956; P. rissoi<br />

krøyeri by Ege 1930, 1953; Sudis rissoi by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º, 1953º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966a.<br />

Remarks: In FNAM <strong>the</strong> species is listed as [Notolepis] rissoi. Only postlarvae are documented in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Lestidiops affinis (Ege, 1930)<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.2.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Paralepis affinis by Ege 1930, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger, 1889)<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.2.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lestidium pseudophyraenoides pseudophyraenoides by<br />

Ege 1953; Paralepis pseu<strong>dos</strong>phyraenoides by Albuquerque 1954-1956; P. p. thori by Ege 1930;<br />

Lestidiops jaykari pseudophyraenoides by R<strong>of</strong>en 1966a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º, 1953º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966a.<br />

Lestidiops sphyrenoides (Risso, 1820)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.2.1.<br />

barracudina<br />

41

---

42<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lestidium sphyraenoides by Ege 1953; Paralepis<br />

sphyraenoides by Ege 1930, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º, 1953º; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1957º; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966a.<br />

Remarks: Only postlarvae were cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

barracudina<br />

Paralepis atlantica atlantica Krøyer, 1868<br />

barracudina, duckbill barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Paralepis brevis by Ege, 1930.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º, Haedrich 1964º.<br />

Remarks: The specimen (98mm SL) noted by Haedrich (1964) was found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> an<br />

Alepisaurus ferox.<br />

Paralepis coregonoides Risso, 1820<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Sudis coregonoides by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ege 1930º, 1932º, 1953º; Roule & Angel 1930º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Haedrich 1964º; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966aº; Post 1987º.<br />

Remarks: Except for <strong>the</strong> specimen (123mm SL) reported by Haedrich (1964) from <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> an<br />

Alepisaurus ferox, all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r citations refer to postlarvae. According to Post (1987) <strong>the</strong> subspecies <strong>of</strong><br />

Paralepis coregonoides are artificial since “(…) <strong>the</strong>re is a permanent inflow between <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean<br />

and Atlantic populations (…)”.<br />

Paralepis speciosa Bellotti, 1878<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.1.5. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: Known for <strong>the</strong> area from post-larvae specimens. See Porteiro et al. (in prep.) for details.<br />

Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.5.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Shores 1969º.<br />

Remarks: Known for <strong>the</strong> area from a single post-larvae specimen collected on 25 September, 1964, at<br />

39º35’N, 31º00’W, by <strong>the</strong> R/V “Atlantis II” (Shores 1969). Recently a specimen (39cm TL) was caught<br />

on long-line at <strong>Açores</strong> Bank at 320m by <strong>the</strong> F/V "Pérola do Bom Jesus".

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Uncisudis quadrimaculata (Post, 1969)<br />

barracudina<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 63.6.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: Known for <strong>the</strong> area from post-larvae specimens. See Porteiro et al. (in prep.) for details.<br />

Anotopteri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 181- Anotopteri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 64.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Remarks: Known for <strong>the</strong> area from post-larvae specimens. See Porteiro et al. (in prep.) for details.<br />

Evermannelli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 182- Evermannelli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928)<br />

Atlantic sabretooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 60.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coccorella atrata by Roule & Angel 1930, Fowler 1936,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1930º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Evermannella balbo (Risso, 1820)<br />

balbo sabretooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 60.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Odontostomus balbo by Schmidt 1918.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Schmidt 1918º; Roule & Angel 1930º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966bº.<br />

Omosudi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 183- Omosudi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Omosudis lowei Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 62.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Omosudis lowii by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1930º, 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Ege<br />

1958º; R<strong>of</strong>en 1966b.<br />

Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 184- Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833<br />

43

---

44<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

lancetfish, longnose lancetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 61.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Haedrich 1964º; Parin 1970; Pinho & Pereira 1995aº.<br />

Order MYCTOPHIFORMES<br />

Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 37- Myctophiformes. Family 186- Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish, glacier lanterfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Halli<strong>da</strong>y 1970º; Bolin 1959º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al.<br />

1977º.<br />

Benthosema suborbitale (Gilbert, 1913) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.2.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum simile by Tåning 1932b, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Tåning 1932bº; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al.<br />

1977º.<br />

Bolinichthys indicus (Nafpaktitis & Nafpaktitis, 1969) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.13.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lepidophanes pyrsobolus by Bolin 1959.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe, 1839) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lampanyctus maderensis by Fowler 1936, Belloc 1938;<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) maderense by Zugmayer 1911b, Roule & Angel 1930; M. (L.) maderensi by<br />

Brauer 1906; M. (L.) maderensis by Nobre 1935, Ferreira 1942; Dias et al. 1976; Scopelus maderensis<br />

by Richard 1905a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1905aº; Brauer 1906; Zugmayer 1911bº; Roule 1919º; Vaillant<br />

1919º; Roule & Angel 1930º; Nobre 1935; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954;<br />

Backus et al. 1970º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983;<br />

Chícharo & Teodósio 1990º; Monteiro 1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996bº.<br />

Remarks: According to Ferreira (1942) “lobisomem” and “negrinho” are <strong>the</strong> common names used by <strong>the</strong><br />

fishermen <strong>of</strong> Capelas, and “divertido” by <strong>the</strong> fishermen from Vila Franca do Campo, São Miguel Island.<br />

These names are extended by us to all o<strong>the</strong>r myctophids.<br />

Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.4.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Remarks: Nafpaktitis et al. (1977) records are based on specimens collected at around 37ºN, 21ºW. One<br />

specimen (47mm TL) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” on 21 August, 1994 at 36º56’N, 27º58’W (DOP<br />

350).<br />

Diaphus brachycephalus Tåning, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: Two specimens (20.7-26.5mm TL) found in a stomach <strong>of</strong> Lepidopus cau<strong>da</strong>tus (127cm TL)<br />

caught at 38º27’ 99’’N, 27º33’18’’W (DOP 351).<br />

Diaphus dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (61mm TL) was found washed up on <strong>the</strong> beach at Porto Pim Bay, Faial Island,<br />

on 8 January, 1997 (DOP 369).<br />

Diaphus effulgens (Good & Bean, 1896) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Diaphus holti Tåning, 1918 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.5.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis 1968; Backus et al. 1970º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º;<br />

Bekker 1983.<br />

Diaphus metopoclampus (Cocco, 1829) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.7.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum (Diaphus) metopoclampus by Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Nafpaktitis 1968º;<br />

Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.8.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

45

---

46<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Diaphus rafinesquei (Cocco, 1838) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.6.9.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Diaphus rafinesquii by Fowler 1936, Nafpaktitis et al.<br />

1977, Bekker 1983; Myctophum (Diaphus) rafinesquei by Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º;<br />

Nafpaktitis 1968º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.7.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Electrona rissoi (Cocco, 1829) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Electrona risso by Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Topal 1987;<br />

Electrona (Electrona) risso by Bekker 1983; Myctophum (Myctophum) rissoi by Murray & Hjort 1912,<br />

Zugmayer 1933, Ferreira 1942; M. risso by Fowler 1936; M. rissoi by Dias et al. 1976.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1942;<br />

Collins 1954; Bolin 1959º; Backus et al. 1970º; Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983;<br />

Topal 1987º; Monteiro 1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996aº,bº.<br />

Remarks: The records <strong>of</strong> Myctophum (Myctophum) Rissoi and M. rissoi by Brauer (1906) and by<br />

Albuquerque (1954-1956), respectively, are not valid because <strong>the</strong>y are based on Collett’s (1896a)<br />

specimen (reported as Scopelus rissoi) caught in station 96 at 43º24’50’’N, 21º40’45’’W.<br />

Gonichthys coccoi (Cocco, 1829) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.9.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gonichthys cocco by Collins 1954, Nafpaktitis et al. 1977;<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) coccoi by Brauer 1906, M. cocco by Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

M. (Myctophum) coccoi by Murray & Hjort 1912; M. (Rhinoscopelus) Coccoi by Roule & Angel 1933,<br />

Belloc 1938, Ferreira 1942; Scolepus Coccoi by Collett 1896a; Scopelus (Rhinoscopelus) Coccoi by<br />

Lütken 1892.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1892º; Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule &<br />

Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938º; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin<br />

1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Bekker (1983) records Gonichthys barnesi Whitey, 1943 from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. According to<br />

Nafpaktitis et al. (1977) <strong>the</strong> four forms <strong>of</strong> Gonichthys described to <strong>da</strong>te “are very similar to each o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

with many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed adult morphological characters overlapping to a degree that identifications<br />

can not always be made with reasonable certainty. Future studies <strong>of</strong> larvae and otoliths are necessary<br />

before <strong>the</strong> taxonomic relationships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> described forma are better understood”.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Hygophum benoiti (Cocco, 1838) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.10.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum benoiti by Goode & Bean 1895, Fowler 1936,<br />

Belloc 1938, Albuquerque 1954-1956; M. (Myctophum) Benoiti by Brauer 1906; Scopelus Benoiti by<br />

Lütken 1892;<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1892º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Brauer 1906; Fowler 1936; Belloc<br />

1938º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker<br />

1983.<br />

Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.10.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum (Myctophum) benoiti hygomi by Brauer 1906;<br />

M. hygomi by Tåning 1932a, Goode & Bean 1895, Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956, Scopelus<br />

Hygomii by Lütken 1892.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1892º; Goode & Bean 1895; Brauer 1906; Tåning 1932a; Fowler<br />

1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Hygophum reinhardtii (Lütken, 1892) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.10.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Hygophum taaningi Bekker, 1965 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.10.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum macrochir by Bolin 1959.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º.<br />

Lampadena anomala Parr, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.11.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Lampadena chavesi Collett, 1905 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.11.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum (Lampadena) chavesi by Brauer 1906.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1905º; Brauer 1906; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Barnard 1948;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Krefft 1970; Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker<br />

1983.<br />

47

---

48<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Lampadena speculigera Goode & Bean, 1896 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.11.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lampanyctus ater Tåning, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lampanyctus festivus Tåning, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.5.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Remarks: Several specimens (DOP 362) were found stranded in January 1996 in Porto Pim Bay and at<br />

Feteira, Faial Island.<br />

Lampanyctus gemmifer (Goode & Bean, 1879) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish, jewel lanterfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lampanyctus gemmifer by Fowler 1936, Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Lampanyctus crocodilus by Collins 1954, Bolin 1959, Geistdoerfer et al. 1971, Nafpaktitis<br />

et al. 1977; L. (Lampanyctus) crocodilus by Bekker 1983; Macrostoma gemmifer by Fowler 1936;<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) gemmifer by Murray & Hjort 1912, Zugmayer 1933; M. (L.) crocodilus by<br />

Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983;<br />

Stefanescu et al. 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Lampanyctus gemmifer was revali<strong>da</strong>ted recently by Stefanescu et al. (1994), who claim that L.<br />

crocodilus is <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean species, and L. gemmifer <strong>the</strong> Atlantic species. Lampanyctus crocodilus<br />

(Risso, 1810) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 58.12.1.) was cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in ICN (1993).<br />

Lampanyctus intricarius Tåning, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.6.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lampanyctus photonotus Parr, 1928 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.9.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.12.10.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum (Lampanyctus) alatum by Zugmayer 1911b,<br />

Collins 1954; M. (L.) pusillus by Ferreira 1942.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Ferreira 1942; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lepidophanes gaussi (Brauer, 1906) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.13.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Lepidophanes guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Good & Bean, 1896) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.13.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º.<br />

Lobianchia d<strong>of</strong>leini (Zugmayer, 1911) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.14.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis 1968º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.14.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Diaphus gemellarii by Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Myctophum (Diaphus) gemellari by Murray & Hjort 1912, Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Nafpaktitis 1968º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Loweina interrupta (Tåning, 1928) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.15.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º.<br />

Remarks: This is a rare species known only from few specimens in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977).<br />

Loweina rara (Lütken, 1892) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.15.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Myctophum nitidulum Garman, 1899 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish, spotted lanterfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

49

---

50<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish, spotted lanterfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Parin 1970; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983; Monteiro<br />

1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996a,bº.<br />

Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.16.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bolin 1959º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Notoscopelus (Pareiophus) bolini Nafpaktitis, 1975 divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.17.5.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis 1975º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º.<br />

Remarks: Maul (1976: 15) remarks that “Krefft (pers. com.) has specimens from <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>”.<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) caudispinosus (Johnson, 1863) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.17.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) kroeyerii (Malm, 1861) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.17.4.<br />

Synonyms, spellings, misidentifications: Lampanyctus elongatus by Collins 1954; Myctophum<br />

(Lampanyctus) elongatus by Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1933º; Collins 1954.<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) resplendens (Richardson, 1845) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish, patchwork lampfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.17.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lampanyctus resplendes by Dias et al. 1976.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Belloc 1938; Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983; Clarke<br />

et al. 1995º.<br />

Protomyctophum (Hierops) arcticum (Lütken, 1892) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.18.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nafpaktitis et al. 1977º; Bekker 1983.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Symbolophorus veranyi (Moreau, 1888) divertido, escolarinho, lobisomem<br />

lanternfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 58.19.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Myctophum humboldti by Tåning 1932c, Nobre 1935,<br />

Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938, Collins 1954, Dias et al. 1976; M. (Myctophum) Humboldti by Brauer 1906;<br />

Scolepus humboldti by Lütken 1892.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1892º; Brauer 1906; Tåning 1932c; Nobre 1935; Fowler 1936;<br />

Belloc 1938; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bolin 1959º; Dias et al. 1976º; Nafpaktitis et al.<br />

1977º; Bekker 1983.<br />

Remarks: The species is erroneously cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Ferreira (1942) and Albuquerque (1954-<br />

1956), as Myctophum (Myctophum) Humboldti and as M. humboldti, respectively. Both authors base<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir information on <strong>the</strong> record <strong>of</strong> Scopelus Humboldti by Collett (1896a). Collett’s specimen was caught<br />

outside <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> region, at station 170 (44º02’15’’N, 14º25’45’’W).<br />

Order LAMPRIDIFORMES<br />

Lampridi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 38- Lampridiformes. Family 188- Lampridi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) joaninha, peixe cravo<br />

opah, moonfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 105.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lampris regius by Parin 1970.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Parin 1970; Wheeler 1978; DOP 1993º; Santos et al. 1994bº; Pinho &<br />

Pereira 1995aº.<br />

Radiicephali<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 38- Lampridiformes. Family 191- Radiicephali<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Radiicephalus elongatus Osório, 1917<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 108.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Harrisson & Palmer 1968º.<br />

Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 38- Lampridiformes. Family 192- Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1771)<br />

deal fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 107.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Trachypterus tænia by Regan 1903; Trachipterus<br />

trachypterus by Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Albuquerque 1954-1956, Wheeler 1978.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is confirmed. Three specimens deposited at MCZ<br />

were studied by us, and confirmed to be Trachipterus arcticus. All <strong>the</strong> specimens (MCZ 8644 and 8645)<br />

have more than 96 vertebra, i. e. 99 to 101. Body proportions also fit T. arcticus. We did not studied <strong>the</strong><br />

51

---

52<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

specimens cited by Regan (1903) as Trachypterus tænia, and by Albuquerque (1954-1956) as<br />

Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmenlin, 1789) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 107.1.1.) but tentativelly assign <strong>the</strong>se to T.<br />

arcticus, since <strong>the</strong>re is no valid evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> T. trachypterus in <strong>the</strong> North-eastern<br />

Atlantic.<br />

Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820)<br />

scalloped ribbon fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 107.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Palmer 1961; Parin 1970.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (110cm SL) was caught in <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1992 <strong>of</strong>f São Miguel Island (DOP<br />

366).<br />

Order POLYMIXIIFORMES<br />

Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 39- Polymixiiformes. Family 194- Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Polymixia nobilis Lowe, 1836 salmonete do alto<br />

beardfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 111.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º; Santos et al. 1995c; Silva & Menezes 1995bº; Silva et al.<br />

1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Order OPHIDIIFORMES<br />

Carapi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 198- Carapi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Echiodon drummondi Thompson, 1837<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 175.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle & Olney 1990º.<br />

Remarks: The specimens cited by Markle & Olney (1990) are all larvae. One adult specimen (273mm<br />

TL) was found stranded at Porto Pim Bay on 18 January, 1996 (DOP 352).<br />

Ophidii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 199- Ophidii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Holcomycteronus squamosus (Roule, 1916)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 172.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Grimaldichthys squamosus by Roule 1915, 1916, 1919,<br />

Fowler 1936, Belloc 1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1915º, 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).

---

Monomitopus metriostoma (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 172.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Dicromita metriostoma by Goode & Bean 1895, Roule &<br />

Angel 1921, Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Sirembo metriostoma by Vaillant 1888.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Roule & Angel 1921; Fowler 1936;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Hureau & Nielsen 1981; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Parophidion vassali (Risso, 1810)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 173.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Spectrunculus grandis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 172.11.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nielsen & Hureau 1980º; Hureau & Nielsen 1981.<br />

Bythiti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 200- Bythiti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 172.6.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hureau & Nielsen 1981º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1994º; Van Dover et al. 1996º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

& Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 201- Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aphyonus gelatinosus Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 174.5.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Rannou et al. 1974º.<br />

Barathronus parfaiti (Vaillant, 1888)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 174.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1915º, 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey<br />

1956; Nielsen 1969º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Meteoria erythrops Nielsen, 1969<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 174.3.1.<br />

53

---

54<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nielsen 1969º.<br />

Remarks: A juvenile specimen (25mm SL) caught at 40º32’N, 35º24’W - 40º34’N, 35º52’W, between<br />

4540 and 4,600m by <strong>the</strong> Swedish R/V “Albatross”. This specimen was first mentioned by Nybelin<br />

(1957) as gen. et spec. indet., probably a juvenile parfaiti?.<br />

Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 174.2.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Leucochlamys sp. by Nybelin 1951; Sciadonus kullenbergi<br />

by Nybelin 1957.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nybelin 1951º, 1957º; Nielsen 1969º.<br />

Remarks: One female (102mm SL,) caught at 40º32’N, 35º24’W - 40º34’N, 35º52’W, between 4540<br />

and 4,600m, on 7 September, 1948, by <strong>the</strong> Swedish R/V “Albatross”. The specimen was considered <strong>the</strong><br />

holotype <strong>of</strong> Sciadonus kullenbergi Nybelin, 1957. Nielsen (1969), who reexamined <strong>the</strong> specimen,<br />

considers that it is a Sciadonus pedicellaris.<br />

Parabrotuli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 202- Parabrotuli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Leucobrotula adipatus Koefoed, 1952<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 171.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: In FNAM <strong>the</strong> species is spelled as Leucobrotula adipata.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nielsen et al. 1990º.<br />

Parabrotula plagiophthalmus Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 171.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nielsen 1968º; Nielsen et al. 1990º.<br />

Order GADIFORMES<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 205- Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Bathygadus melanobranchus Vaillant, 1888 peixe rato, rato<br />

Vaillant´s grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.2.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathygadus Vaillanti by Roule & Angel 1933, Fowler<br />

1936, Belloc 1949, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Richard 1900, 1910; Roule 1919º; Roule &<br />

Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Cohen et<br />

al. 1990; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Remarks: Albuquerque (1954-1956) cites both Bathygadus melanobranchus and B. vaillanti as valid<br />

species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>; <strong>the</strong> first based on Collett (1896a) and Brauer (1906), and <strong>the</strong> second on Fowler<br />

(1936).<br />

Cetonurus globiceps (Vaillant, 1888) peixe rato, rato<br />

globehead grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.6.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hymenocephalus crassiceps by Vaillant 1888; Bauchot et<br />

al. 1971, H. globiceps by Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Chalinura leptolepis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877) peixe rato, rato<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.16.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: 1Chalinura simula by Roule, 1918, 1919, Nybelin 1951,<br />

1957; Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Coryphaenoides simulus by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Nybelin 1951º, 1957º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973.<br />

Chalinura mediterranea Giglioli, 1893 peixe rato, rato<br />

Mediterranean grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.16.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Geistdoerfer & Rannou 1971, 1972; Marshall & Iwamoto<br />

1973; Bauchot & Pras 1980.<br />

Remarks: Marshall & Iwamoto (1973) mention <strong>the</strong> species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> with <strong>the</strong> following<br />

observation “…if Roule’s record is correct”.<br />

Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus coelorhynchus (Risso, 1810) rato bicudo<br />

hollow-snout rat-tail, blackspot<br />

grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.12.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coelorinchus caelorinchus by Wheeler 1978;<br />

Coelorhinchus coelorhynchus by Fowler 1936; C. coelorhincus by Shcherbachev et al. 1985; C.<br />

atlanticus by Goode & Bean 1895; Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus by Menezes 1996; Macrurus<br />

coelorhynchus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Vaillant 1888, Collett 1890a, Regan 1903, Bauchot et al. 1971.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Collett 1890a; Goode & Bean<br />

1895; Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º; Marshall<br />

& Iwamoto 1973; Dias et al. 1976º; Wheeler 1978; INIP 1985aº,bº; Shcherbachev et al. 1985; Cohen et<br />

al. 1990; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Coelorhynchus labiatus (Koehler, 1896) peixe rato, rato<br />

spear-snouted grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.12.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

55

---

56<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coelorhinchus vaillanti by Fowler 1936; Coelorhynchus<br />

japonicus by Vaillant 1919; Bauchot et al. 1971, C. occa by Marshall & Iwamoto 1973, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, C.<br />

vaillanti by Roule 1916, 1918, 1919, Belloc 1949, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Macrurus<br />

japonicus by Vaillant 1887, 1888; M. (Coelorhynchus) talismani by Brauer 1906, Koefoed 1927.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1887º, 1888º, 1919º; Brauer 1906; Roule 1916º, 1919º; Koefoed<br />

1927; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º;<br />

Marshall & Iwamoto 1973º; Cohen et al. 1990; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press bº) refer to Coelorhinchus cf. labiatus, based on video<br />

recordings.<br />

Coryphaenoides guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Vaillant, 1888) peixe rato, rato<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r’s grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.13.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chalinura guen<strong>the</strong>ri by Grey 1956; Geistdoerfer &<br />

Rannou 1971, Macruroplus guen<strong>the</strong>ri by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954; Macrurus Gün<strong>the</strong>ri by Collett<br />

1896a, Brauer 1906, Roule 1919, Koefoed 1927; M. (Coelorhynchus) Gün<strong>the</strong>ri by Brauer 1906; M.<br />

Gun<strong>the</strong>ri by Richard 1900, 1910.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Richard 1900, 1910; Roule 1919º; Koefoed<br />

1927; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Grey 1956; Geistdoerfer & Rannou 1971; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973;<br />

Cohen et al. 1990; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Gadomus longifilis (Goode & Bean, 1886) peixe rato, rato<br />

treadfin grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathygadus longifilis by Collett 1896a, Richard 1900,<br />

1910, Brauer 1906, Roule 1919, Koefoed 1927.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Richard 1900, 1910; Brauer 1906; Roule 1919º; Koefoed<br />

1927; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884 peixe rato, rato<br />

Italian grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.5.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Macrurus italicus by Collett 1896a; M. (Hymenocephalus)<br />

italicus by Brauer 1906.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Maul 1976; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977;<br />

Cohen et al. 1990; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Lionurus carapinus (Goode & Bean, 1883) peixe rato, rato<br />

carapine grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.17.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chalinura carapina by Roule & Angel 1933, Collins<br />

1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Grey 1956; Coryphaenoides carapinus by Roule & Angel 1933, Fowler<br />

1936, Schroeder 1940.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Schroeder 1940; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Grey 1956; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973.<br />

Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843) rato redondo<br />

armed grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.10.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collins 1954; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Ehrich 1977;<br />

INIP 1985aº,bº; Cohen et al. 1990; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Albuquerque (1954-1956) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on<br />

Fowler (1936) but Fowler does not mention this species for <strong>the</strong> region.<br />

Nematonurus armatus (Hector, 1875) peixe rato, rato<br />

armed grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.15.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coryphaenoides armatus by Fowler 1936, Cohen et al.<br />

1990; C. gigas by Brian 1912; Nematonurus gigas by Roule 1916, 1919, Vaillant 1919, Marshall &<br />

Iwamoto 1973.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Brian 1912º; Roule 1916º, 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Nybelin<br />

1951º, 1957º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Marshall &<br />

Iwamoto 1973º; Cohen et al. 1990.<br />

Remarks: Schroeder (1940) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> “vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>”,<br />

without giving fur<strong>the</strong>r details.<br />

Nezumia aequalis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878) rato redondo<br />

smooth grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.9.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Macruroplus serratus by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954;<br />

Macrurus aequalis by Collett 1896a, Koefoed 1927, Nobre 1935, Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; M.<br />

(Coelorhynchus) aequalis by Brauer 1906 M. serratus by Roule 1919, Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Koefoed 1927;<br />

Nobre 1935; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Cohen et<br />

al. 1990; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Hamer et al. 1994º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Nezumia sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes, 1838) peixe rato, rato<br />

roughtip grenadier, bluntsnout<br />

grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.9.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Macruroplus sclerorhynchus by Fowler 1936, Collins<br />

1954; Macrurus sclerorhynchus by Vaillant 1888, Bauchot et al. 1971, Collett 1896a, Roule 1919,<br />

Koefoed 1927; M. (Coelorhynchus) sclerorhynchus by Brauer 1906.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Roule 1919º; Koefoed 1927;<br />

Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º; Marshall &<br />

Iwamoto 1973; Cohen et al. 1990; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

57

---

58<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Odontomacrurus murrayi Norman, 1939 peixe rato, rato<br />

roundhead grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.11.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Phalacromacrurus pan<strong>the</strong>rinus by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º.<br />

Remarks: Marshall & Iwamoto (1973) mention <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> without<br />

giving precise locations. Collins (1954) includes this species in his list referring to G. E. Maul, without<br />

stating <strong>the</strong> <strong>da</strong>te, but this species is not mentioned by Maul (1951) as occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. A specimen<br />

collected at 38º32’42’’N, 30º06’06’’W by <strong>the</strong> R/V “Oceanus” at 1500m on 1 September, 1984 is<br />

deposited in MCZ 62187 (id. K. E. Hartel and J. E. Craddock).<br />

Sphagemacrurus hirundo (Collett, 1896) peixe rato, rato<br />

swallow grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.8.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Grenurus hirundo by Grey 1956; Macruroplus hirundo by<br />

Fowler 1936, Collins 1954; Macrurus hirundo by Collett 1896a, Richard 1900, 1910 Roule 1919, Belloc<br />

1949; M. (Coelorhynchus) hirundo by Brauer 1906; Nezumia hirundo by Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Richard 1900, 1910; Brauer 1906; Roule 1919º; Fowler<br />

1936; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey 1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Trachonurus villosus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1877) peixe rato, rato<br />

bristly grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.7.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coryphaenoides asperrimus by Vaillant 1888; Bauchot et<br />

al. 1971; Macrurus (Coryphaenoides) asperrimus by Brauer 1906; Trachonurus asperrimus by Roule<br />

1916, 1919, Fowler 1936; T. sulcatus by Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Traconurus villosus by<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Brauer 1906; Roule 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot et al. 1971º; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Mori<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 207- Mori<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gadella maraldi (Risso, 1810) gadela<br />

morid cod<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Uraleptus Maraldi by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Aguiar & Pereira 1982º; Cohen et al. 1990; Silva & Menezes<br />

1995aº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Lepidion eques (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

morid cod<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.6.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, spellings, misidentifications: Lota lepidion by Richard 1934; Aloporphyrus lepidion var.<br />

eques by Guiart 1935.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1934º; Guiart 1935º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Guiart (1935) in his work on parasitology refers to a Aloporphyrus lepidion var. eques caught<br />

in 1913 at st. 3374 (38º03’N, 26º47’W at 1,650m). The same specimen is called Lota lepidion by<br />

Richard (1934). No fur<strong>the</strong>r reference to this specimen was found in o<strong>the</strong>r reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scientific cruises<br />

<strong>of</strong> Albert I er <strong>of</strong> Monaco. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species was recently confirmed for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on<br />

one specimen (DOP 363) caught during a fisheries cruise by <strong>the</strong> R/V “Arquipélago”.<br />

Lepidion guen<strong>the</strong>ri (Giglioli, 1880) juliana pequena<br />

morid cod<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.6.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Haloporphyrus Gün<strong>the</strong>ri by Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Collins 1954; Templeman 1970aº,bº; Stefanescu et al. 1991.<br />

Mora moro (Risso, 1810) juliana, melga<br />

morid cod<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.7.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Cohen et al. 1990; Dias<br />

1991º; Gonçalves & Santos 1994º; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995a,bº;<br />

Menezes 1996º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Physiculus <strong>da</strong>lwigki Kaup, 1858<br />

morid cod<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.8.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Aguiar & Pereira 1982º.<br />

Melanoni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 208- Melanoni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Melanonus zugmayeri Norman, 1930<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 104.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melanonus unipennis by Koefoed 1953.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1953º.<br />

Remarks: A specimen (135mm TL) was caught, on 21 June, 1995, by Lisa Steiner, floating at <strong>the</strong> surface<br />

at 38º19’N, 28º12’W (DOP 363).<br />

Phyci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 212- Phyci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gaidropsarus granti (Regan, 1903) viúva do alto<br />

Grant´s rockling<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.20.2.<br />

59

---

60<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gaidropsarus guttatus by Collett 1905; G. tricirratus by<br />

Fowler 1936; Motella tricirrata by Vaillant 1919; Onus Granti by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Collett 1905º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Dooley et al.<br />

1985; Svetovidov 1986º; Cohen et al. 1990.<br />

Remarks: Vaillant’s (1919) record <strong>of</strong> Motella tricirrata caught at 599m was considered by Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

(1992) as a probable synonym <strong>of</strong> Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 101.20.4), a valid<br />

species which does not to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. From <strong>the</strong> depth at which <strong>the</strong> specimen was caught, it is<br />

probably a Gaidropsarus granti. The citation <strong>of</strong> G. tricirratus made by Fowler (1936, p. 483), which is<br />

based on Vaillant (1919) should be considered a “probable” synonym <strong>of</strong> G. granti. However, <strong>the</strong> citation<br />

by Fowler (1936, p. 1251), based on Zugmayer (1933) and personal observation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> author, should be<br />

considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> G. guttatus.<br />

Gaidropsarus guttatus (Collett, 1890) viúva, aranha <strong>da</strong> pedra<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101 20.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gaidropsarus maculatus by Collins 1954, Fowler 1936; G.<br />

tricirratus by Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956; G. mediterraneus by Albuquerque 1954-1956,<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Merluccius merluccius by Fowler 1936; Motella fusca by Nobre 1924, 1930; M.<br />

macullata by Hilgendorf 1888b; M. tricirrata by Hilgendorf 1888b, Zugmayer 1933; Onus guttatus by<br />

Collett 1890a, 1892, 1896a, Belloc 1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1890aº, 1892º, 1896º, 1905º; Nobre 1924º, 1930;<br />

Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936º; Belloc 1949º; Maul 1952; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Wood & Williams 1974º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº, 1992; Dooley et al. 1985; Cohen et al. 1990; Patzner et<br />

al. 1990º, 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº; Santos<br />

et al. 1994aº; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Motella macullata, cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Hilgendorf, should be considered an early<br />

synonym <strong>of</strong> Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 101.20.1.). At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong><br />

Hilgendorf’s citation <strong>of</strong> M. maculata, G. guttatus was not yet described. If M. maculata by Hilgendorf<br />

(1888b) is to be considered an early as a synonym <strong>of</strong> G. guttatus, <strong>the</strong>n G. maculatus by Fowler (1936)<br />

and Collins (1954) are also to be considered synonyms <strong>of</strong> G. guttatus. Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992) considers M.<br />

maculata by Hilgendorf (1888b) as a synonym (with a question mark) <strong>of</strong> G. mediterraneus. Merluccius<br />

merluccius by Fowler (1936) based on Onus guttatus by Collett (1890a) should also be considered a<br />

synonym <strong>of</strong> G. guttatus. The citation <strong>of</strong> G. tricirratus by Fowler (1936) is based on two specimens from<br />

Terceira and one from Faial. Albuquerque 1954-1956 cites G. guttatus, G. mediterraneus and G.<br />

tricirratus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, all three should be considered synonyms <strong>of</strong> G. guttatus, including G.<br />

tricirratus since it is based on Fowler’s (1936: 1251) specimens.<br />

Gaidropsarus n. sp. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito, in press a<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101 20.-. New species (not included in FNAM).<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press aº,bº.<br />

Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768) abrótea do alto, melga, juliana<br />

greater fork-beard

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.15.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Phycis blennioides by Silva 1986a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias et al. 1976º; INIP 1985aº; Martins 1982b; Silva 1986aº; Dias 1991º;<br />

DOP 1993º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Krug 1995; Isidro 1996; Menezes<br />

1996º.<br />

Remarks: Drouët (1861b), and Ramos (1869) based upon him, cites Gadus sp.. for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. He says<br />

(p. 136) based on information from <strong>the</strong> fishermen that "Il existe probablement aux <strong>Açores</strong> plusieurs<br />

espèces de ce genre ou de genres voisins; l’une d’elles est connue sous le nom de “juliana”. On fait une<br />

grande consommation de morue séche (“bacalhao” des Açoréens)". “Juliana” is <strong>the</strong> common Azorean<br />

name for <strong>the</strong> Phyci<strong>da</strong>e, Phycis blennoides and for <strong>the</strong> Mori<strong>da</strong>e, Mora moro. The latter species was not<br />

commonly caught in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> due to its depth distribution. For this reason M. moro should be excluded<br />

as <strong>the</strong> species referred by Drouët (1861b). Both P. blennoides and P. phycis are consumed ei<strong>the</strong>r fresh or<br />

dry-salted (“escala<strong>da</strong>s”). Since both Phycis are so similar it is hard to understand why Drouët identified<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m as a Gadus and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r as a Motella.<br />

Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766) abrótea<br />

fork-beard<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.15.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Motella tricirrata by Hilgendorf 1888b, Vaillant 1919; M.<br />

vulgaris by Drouët 1861b; Ramos 1869; Phycis mediterranea by Nobre 1924, 1930; P. mediterraneus<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936, Cadenat 1937; Physis physis by Dias et al.<br />

1976, Barreiros 1990, Santos et al. 1990b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Maul 1976;<br />

Ehrich 1977; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins<br />

1982aº; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992, 1995º; Isidro 1987, 1989º,<br />

1996; Cohen et al. 1990; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1994º; Dias 1991º; Dias & Cascalho 1991; Monteiro 1991º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº; Silva & Krug 1992º; DOP 1993º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c;<br />

Azevedo 1995; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Motella vulgaris by Drouët (1861b): “L’une des meilleures espèces de ces parages est ce gade<br />

appelé “abrotea”; il est fort recherché sur les tables” (p. 136). “Abrótea” is <strong>the</strong> common name <strong>of</strong> Phycis<br />

phycis, which is highly appreciated as food fish in <strong>the</strong> region.<br />

Gadi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 214- Gadi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gadiculus argenteus argenteus Guichenot, 1850<br />

silvery pout<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.5.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Known from one specimen (172mm TL) caught on Princesa Alice Bank, on 21 August, 1991<br />

at 360m (DOP 353; DOP CD 2/1;).<br />

61

---

62<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826) verdinho<br />

blue whiting<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.8.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: One specimen caught at Ponta <strong>dos</strong> Capelinhos, Faial Island at 450m by F/V “Sérgio Fábio” on<br />

9 December, 1992 (DOP 16; DOP CD 2/2-3). This species is occasionally caught in <strong>the</strong> region on bottom<br />

long-line.<br />

Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810) pesca<strong>da</strong> <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong><br />

blue ling<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 101.14.-. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Molva dipterygia macrophthalma by Dias et al. 1990;<br />

INIP 1985a,b; Silva et al. 1994, 1995; Clarke et al. 1995; Krug 1995; Silva & Menezes 1995a,b;<br />

Menezes 1996; M. molva by Dias 1991.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; INIP 1985aº,bº; Dias 1991º; Silva et al. 1994º,<br />

1995º; Clarke et al. 1995º; Krug 1995; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: This species is included in FNAM as Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 101.14.2.2.). Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 100.1.1) (Merluccii<strong>da</strong>e) is<br />

cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Collins (1954) based on <strong>the</strong> original citation <strong>of</strong> Sampaio (1904) <strong>of</strong> Gadus<br />

merluccius. We believe that this citation was based on a misidentification <strong>of</strong> M. macrophthalma.<br />

Order LOPHIIFORMES<br />

Lophii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 216- Lophii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 peixe engana, peixe diabo, tamboril<br />

angler, anglerfish, monkfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 210.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lophius vaillanti by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Vaillant 1888º; Silva 1893º; Carqueja 1894º; Goode &<br />

Bean 1895; Regan 1903º; Tåning 1923; Ferreira 1940º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Haedrich 1964º; Martins 1982b; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1995º.<br />

Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 217- Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1816)<br />

coin-bearing frogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 211.2.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Pietsch & Grobecker 1987º.<br />

Remarks: Pietsch & Grobecker (1987) examined a specimen <strong>of</strong> Antennarius nummifer originated from<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> and deposited in <strong>the</strong> MMF (5254). They state that <strong>the</strong> specimen was identified by Maul<br />

(1959) as Antennarius bermudensis. Maul (1959) refers to four specimens <strong>of</strong> frog<strong>fishes</strong>, “collected<br />

within <strong>the</strong> last 30 years” “on different, widely separated <strong>da</strong>tes” and adds “The identification <strong>of</strong>…” three

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m “…presents some difficulty but <strong>the</strong>y are likely to turn out to be Antennarius bermudensis”. Maul<br />

(1959) does not refer to <strong>the</strong> specimen originating in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Antennarius senegalensis Cadenat, 1959<br />

Senegalese frogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 211.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

frogfish, sargassumfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 211.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Antennarius histrio by Collett 1896a, Ferreira 1940.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Ferreira 1940; Pietsch & Grobecker 1987º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Chaunaci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 219- Chaunaci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chaunax pictus Lowe, 1846<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 212.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Chaunax suttkusi Caruso, 1989<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 212.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chaunax pictus by Roule 1919; Fowler 1936; Ferreira<br />

1940; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956, Ehrich 1977.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1940; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Ehrich 1977; Caruso 1989º; Azevedo & Heemstra 1995.<br />

Remarks: Chaunax pictus was <strong>the</strong> name historically applied to specimens from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> since Roule<br />

(1919). The recent revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family by Caruso (1989), where <strong>the</strong> new species C. suttkusi was<br />

created, aroused <strong>the</strong> suspicion that Roule’s specimen (MOM 910541, year 1902, st. 1338) could belong<br />

to <strong>the</strong> new species. We have examined Roule’s specimen and concluded that it probably belongs to C.<br />

suttkusi. However, as <strong>the</strong> distinctive characters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species are mostly based on pigmentation, which<br />

may have changed since 1902 fur<strong>the</strong>r review is necessary. Fowler (1936), Ferreira (1940), Collins<br />

(1954), Albuquerque (1954-1956) and Ehrich (1977) are all based in Roule (1919). Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito<br />

(in press bº) video-recorded a specimen <strong>of</strong> Chaunax, which could not be assigned to a species.<br />

Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 221- Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Caulophryne jor<strong>da</strong>ni Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

63

---

64<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 213.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Ceratocaulophryne Regani by Roule & Angel 1932, 1933,<br />

Fowler 1936, Ferreira 1940, Belloc 1949; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1932º, 1933º; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1940; Belloc 1949º;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Pietsch 1979.<br />

Remarks: Bertelsen (1951, 1986a) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> C. jor<strong>da</strong>ni in Madeira. However, <strong>the</strong><br />

meristics given for <strong>the</strong> specimen seems to correspond to Ceratocaulophryne regani (caught at 38º55’N,<br />

34º07’30’’W) cited by Roule & Angel (1933). If this is true, Bertelsen (1951, and <strong>the</strong>n Bertelsen 1986a)<br />

mistook <strong>the</strong> locality referred to by Roule & Angel (1933). The specimen studied by Roule & Angel<br />

(1932, 1933) was caught at <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, and not “<strong>of</strong>f Madeira” as stated by Bertelsen (1951, 1986a).<br />

Bertelsen (1986a) also mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> “A single female with parasitic male from north-east<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.” (p. 1375) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species Caulophryne polynema Regan, 1930 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 213.1.2). Nei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>the</strong> source nor <strong>the</strong> coordinates are given. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in<br />

ICN (1993).<br />

Melanoceti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 223- Melanoceti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Melanocetus johnsoni Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1864<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 214.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1926º; Bertelsen 1951º.<br />

Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 224- Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 215.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Clarke 1956º; Bertelsen 1986bº.<br />

Remarks: Clarke (1956) identified three specimens found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> two sperm whales caught,<br />

10miles west <strong>of</strong> Capelinhos light house, Faial Island, in 1954. Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens were partially<br />

digested while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r was almost intact. Bertelsen (1986b) indicates on a map an individual <strong>of</strong><br />

Himantolophus groenlandicus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. No fur<strong>the</strong>r details are given. Bertelsen & Krefft (1988)<br />

refer a specimen (ISH 3247/79, 35mm, caught at 35º20’N, 30º16’W) <strong>of</strong> a metamorphosed male <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Himantolophus brevirostris group. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN<br />

(1993).<br />

Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 226- Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chaenophryne draco Beebe 1932<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 217a.2.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chaenophryne melano<strong>da</strong>ctylus by Regan & Trewavas<br />

1932, Nielsen 1974.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan & Trewavas 1932º; Bertelsen 1951º; Nielsen 1974; Pietsch 1975.<br />

Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 217a.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1925º, 1926º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954.<br />

Dolopichthys jubatus Regan & Trewavas, 1932<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 217a.4.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Dolopichthys megacerus by Regan 1926, Fowler 1936,<br />

Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1925º, 1926º; Regan & Trewavas 1932; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Pietsch 1972aº,bº.<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 229- Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cryptopsaras couesi Gill, 1883<br />

triplewart seadevil<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 218.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bertelsen 1951º; Grey 1956; Pietsch 1986; Du Buit et al. 1989.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Linophryni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 231- Linophryni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lynophryne brevibarbata Beebe, 1932<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 220.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Aceratias indicus by Fowler 1936; A. macrorhinus indicus<br />

by Murray & Hjort 1912, Koefoed 1944; Lynophryne arborifera by Grey 1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Koefoed 1944º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Order MUGILIFORMES<br />

Mugili<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 45- Mugiliformes. Family 232- Mugili<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) muja, mugem, tainha<br />

thick-lipped grey mullet<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 181.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chelon (Crenimugil) labrosus by Wood & Williams 1974;<br />

Liza aurata by Dooley et al. 1985, Barreiros 1990, Nash et al. 1990, Patzner 1990, Ré 1990; Mugil<br />

auratus by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; M. capito by Koefoed 1952; M.<br />

cephalus by Cadenat 1937; M. chelo by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888a,b, Sampaio 1904,<br />

65

---

66<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Lampe 1914, Nobre 1924, 1930, Ferreira 1934, Ribeiro 1936; M. labeo by Drouët 1861b, Hilgendorf<br />

1888b, Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; M. provensalis by Fowler 1936, Collins<br />

1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; M. sp.. by Vaillant 1919, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a,<br />

Martins 1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Collett 1897; Hilgendorf 1888a,b; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Lampe 1914; Vaillant 1919º; Roule & Angel 1920º, 1930; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Ferreira 1934º;<br />

Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Koefoed 1952º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Trewavas & Ingham 1972º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; Barreiros<br />

1990º, 1995º; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Azevedo et al.<br />

1991º, 1995º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Patzner & Santos 1993º; Santos 1992a; Wirtz 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Santos et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho et<br />

al. 1995; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Trewavas (1979) examined specimens identified by Fowler (1936) as Mugil labeo (=<br />

Oe<strong>da</strong>lechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829); Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 181.4.1.) and confirmed that <strong>the</strong>y were Chelon labrosus.<br />

Trewavas (1979) also confirmed that <strong>the</strong> citation <strong>of</strong> M. auratus (= Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), Cl<strong>of</strong>nam:<br />

131.3.2.) by Fowler (1936) was based on a misidentification. All Mugili<strong>da</strong>e that we have examined in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> are C. labrosus and it is highly probable that this is <strong>the</strong> only species occurring in <strong>the</strong> Archipelago.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> (1979, 1980b) cites Lisa saliens (Risso, 1810) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 181.3.4.) and for <strong>the</strong> above reasons it is<br />

also probably a misidentification <strong>of</strong> C. labrosus. Drouët (1861b) notes that “tainha” is reserved for <strong>the</strong><br />

young stages and “mugem” for <strong>the</strong> adults but presently <strong>the</strong> fishermen call <strong>the</strong> adults “tainha” and<br />

“mugem” is applied for juveniles. The same information is given by Ferreira (1934), who also adds that,<br />

when young, <strong>the</strong>y may be found in fresh water streams.<br />

Order ATHERINIFORMES<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 46- A<strong>the</strong>riniformes. Family 236- A<strong>the</strong>rini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rina (Hepsetia) presbyter Cuvier, 1829<br />

sand-smelt<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 183.1.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: A<strong>the</strong>rina sp.. by Wood & Williams 1974; A. presbyter by<br />

Wirtz 1994.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wood & Williams 1974º; Wirtz 1994º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Order BELONIFORMES<br />

Beloni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 47- Beloniformes. Family 242- Beloni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Belone belone gracilis (Lowe, 1839) peixe agulha<br />

garfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 90.1.1.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: B. belone by Collett 1890b, Roule & Angel 1920 (larva),<br />

Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Ré 1979a, Martins 1982a,b, Chícharo & Teodósio

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

1990, Wirtz 1990b, 1994, Santos & Nash 1995; B. belone acus Svetovidov 1955; B. Cornidii by Regan<br />

1903; B. vulgaris by Hilgendorf 1888b, Esox belone by Sampaio, 1904, Ribeiro 1936; Ramphistoma<br />

belone (larva) by Roule & Angel 1930.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1890bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Roule &<br />

Angel 1920º, 1930º; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Svetovidov 1955; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Collette & Parin 1970º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Ré 1979aº; Martins 1982aº,b; Chícharo &<br />

Teodósio 1990º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Nash et al. 1994aº; Santos et al. 1994aº; Pinho et al.<br />

1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888b: 211) cites a second species <strong>of</strong> Beloni<strong>da</strong>e: Belone caudimaculata whose<br />

synonymy is not obvious. Fowler (1936: 1245, under Strongylura acus [= Tylosurus acus]) refers to this<br />

citation stating: “The reference to Belone bimaculata Hilgendorf I am unable to accept as a record for<br />

West Africa, as it is likely based on material with wrong locality or erroneously determined”. Collett<br />

(1896a) cites Belone sp.. based on 5 specimens caught at st. 121 (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, S. Miguel Island) and<br />

at st. 231 (channel Pico- São Jorge). The larger was an 84mm TL post-larva and all were impossible to<br />

identify to a species level.<br />

Platybelone argalus (Le Sueur, 1821) peixe agulha<br />

keeltail needlefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 90.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Belone ardeola ardeola by Norman 1935; B. argalus by<br />

Fowler 1919, 1936, Collins 1954; B. trachura by Fowler 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Norman 1935; Collins 1954; Collette & Parin 1970º.<br />

Remarks: According to Collette & Parin (1970) “<strong>the</strong> magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> differences among populations at<br />

groups <strong>of</strong> islands in <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic compared with <strong>the</strong> relative lack <strong>of</strong> variation found from<br />

Mauritius and Tanganyika to Hawaii requires <strong>the</strong> recognition <strong>of</strong> several subspecies in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic.”<br />

These authors “provisionally apply <strong>the</strong> name argulus to <strong>the</strong> western Atlantic population, <strong>the</strong> name lovii<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1866 to <strong>the</strong> Cape Verde population, and <strong>the</strong> name trachura Valenciennes, 1846 to <strong>the</strong><br />

Ascension- St. Helena population. Recognizing three subspecies in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic makes necessary <strong>the</strong><br />

description <strong>of</strong> a new sub-species for <strong>the</strong> Annobón- Fernando Pó population, which is <strong>the</strong> most different<br />

meristically and morphometrically”. Collette & Parin (1970) “have examined only five specimens from<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> and so refrain from applying a subspecific name to this population." (op. cit. p. 30). They<br />

observe that "<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> population has high numbers <strong>of</strong> vertebrae, dorsal and anal fin rays, and<br />

predorsal scales thus most closely resembling P. a. trachura, especially from St. Helena. The <strong>Azores</strong><br />

population is completely separated from P. a. lovii in <strong>the</strong> Cape Verdes in number <strong>of</strong> vertebrae and<br />

predorsal scales, at least based on <strong>the</strong> small sample available”. The authors conclude that “more material<br />

is needed to assess correctly <strong>the</strong> systematic status <strong>of</strong> this population" (op. cit. p. 37).<br />

Scomberesoci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 47- Beloniformes. Family 243- Scomberesoci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Nanychthys simulans Hubbs & Wisner, 1980<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 91.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scombresox saurus by Murray & Hjort 1912; Scomberesox<br />

sp. by Ueyanagi et al. 1972.<br />

67

---

68<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Ueyanagi et al. 1972; Hubbs & Wisner 1980; John<br />

1983.<br />

Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792) agulhão, ratinho do alto<br />

skipper, saury, saury-pike, Atlantic<br />

saury<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 91.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scombresox saurus by Murray & Hjort 1912, Vaillant<br />

1919, Belloc 1938, Parin 1970, Wheeler 1978, Monteiro 1996; S. Rondeleti by Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Zugmayer 1933º;<br />

Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Parin 1970; Wheeler 1978; Hubbs &<br />

Wisner 1980º; Monteiro 1996º;<br />

Exocoeti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 47- Beloniformes. Family 244- Exocoeti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus, 1771) peixe voador<br />

flying fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 92.2.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cypsilurus exsiliens Koefoed 1953.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1953º.<br />

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831) peixe voador<br />

flying fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 92.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus by Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Cypselurus<br />

lineatus by Bruun 1934, 1935, Nobre 1924, 1935, Koefoed 1953, Collins 1954; C. pinnatibarbatus by<br />

Fowler 1936, Cypsilurus lineatus Albuquerque 1954-1956; Exocetus lineatus by Nobre 1930, Exocoetus<br />

lineatus by Hilgendorf 1888b; E. pinnatibarbatus by Roule & Angel 1921, 1923.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Roule & Angel 1921º, 1923º; Nobre 1924º, 1930, 1935;<br />

Bruun 1934º, 1935º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Koefoed 1953º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Exocoetus obtusirostris Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1866 peixe voador<br />

flying fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 92.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1953º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 peixe voador<br />

flying fish, tropical two-wing<br />

flyingfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 92.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Exocetus volitans by Sampaio 1904; Exocoetus evolans by<br />

Zugmayer 1911b; Halocypselus evolans by Vaillant 1919.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sampaio 1904º; Zugmayer 1911bº; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins<br />

1954.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Order STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES<br />

Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 49- Stephanoberyciformes. Family 254- Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.1.4.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ebeling 1962º; Ebeling & Weed 1973º.<br />

Melamphaes suborbitalis (Gill, 1884)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.1.5.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Ebeling 1962º; Ebeling & Weed 1973º.<br />

Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe, 1843)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911bº; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Ebeling 1962º;<br />

Ebeling & Weed 1973º.<br />

Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaes triceratops by Roule & Angel 1933, Belloc<br />

1949, Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Belloc 1949º; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º; Ebeling & Weed 1973º.<br />

Poromitra crassiceps (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.3.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaes cristiceps by Koefoed 1953; M. nigriceps by<br />

Fowler 1936; M. nigr<strong>of</strong>ulvus by Koefoed 1953; Poromitrella nigriceps by Zugmayer 1911a,b, Belloc<br />

1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Zugmayer 1911aº,bº; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Koefoed 1953º; Ebeling &<br />

Weed 1973.<br />

Poromitra megalops (Lütken, 1877)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.3.3.<br />

ridgehead<br />

69

---

70<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaes megalops by Lütken 1877, Brauer 1906,<br />

Roule & Angel 1930, Fowler 1936, Belloc 1938, Koefoed 1953, Nielsen 1974; Plectromus megalops by<br />

Goode & Bean 1895.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1877º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Brauer 1906; Roule & Angel 1930º;<br />

Fowler 1936; Belloc 1938; Koefoed 1953º; Ebeling & Weed 1973; Nielsen 1974.<br />

Scopeloberyx opisthopterus (Parr, 1933)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.4.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º.<br />

ridgehead<br />

Scopeloberyx robustus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaes nigrescens by Koefoed 1953, Grey 1956; M.<br />

opercularis by Roule 1919; M. robustus by Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Koefoed 1953º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Grey<br />

1956.<br />

Scopelogadus beanii (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1887)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaes mizolepis by Borodin 1931.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Borodin 1931º; Ebeling & Weed 1963º.<br />

Scopelogadus mizolepis mizolepis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.2.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Porteiro et al. in prep.º.<br />

Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 49- Stephanoberyciformes. Family 256- Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Acanthochaenus lutkeni Gill, 1884<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 118.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Geistdoerfer et al. 1971º.<br />

Rondeletii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 49- Stephanoberyciformes. Family 258- Rondeletii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

pricklefish<br />

Rondeletia loricata Abe & Hotta, 1963<br />

redmouth whalefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 67b.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Paxton 1973º.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Remarks: Paxton’s record (1973) is based on a single specimen caught at 37º47’N, 31º41’W at 800m, by<br />

R/V “Atlantis” on <strong>the</strong> 4-5 August, 1931 (MCZ 41341).<br />

Order BERYCIFORMES<br />

Anoplogastri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 50- Beryciformes. Family 263- Anoplogastri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Anoplogaster cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833)<br />

fangtooth<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 119.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Caulolepis longidens by Borodin 1931, Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Borodin 1931º; Zugmayer 1933º; Woods & Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973.<br />

Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 50- Beryciformes. Family 264- Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Diretmus argenteus Johnson, 1863<br />

spinyfin<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 113.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Koefoed 1953º; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Woods & Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973; Post & Quéro 1981; Hamer et al. 1994º; Clarke et al. 1995º.<br />

Trachichthyi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 50- Beryciformes. Family 267- Trachichthyi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889 olho-de-vidro, relógio<br />

orange roughy, slimehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 115.2.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hoplostethus atlanticum by Collett 1896a, Richard 1900,<br />

1910, Brauer 1906, Belloc 1949; Leiogaster atlanticus spinulosus by Roule 1916, Roule 1919, Belloc<br />

1949.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1889cº, 1896aº; Goode & Bean 1895; Richard 1900, 1910; Brauer<br />

1906; Roule 1916º, 1919º; Fowler 1936; Belloc 1949º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Woods &<br />

Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The only know specimen from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is <strong>the</strong> holotype, which is deposited in <strong>the</strong> Musée<br />

Océanographique du Monaco. This specimen was studied by <strong>the</strong> authors, for taxonomic determination<br />

and illustrative purposes. The species is probably abun<strong>da</strong>nt around deep seamounts, but is elusive to<br />

hooks and never caught. This species is questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829 olho-de-vidro, relógio<br />

rough-fish, slimehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 115.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hoplostethus mediterraneum by Brauer 1906, Koefoed<br />

1927.<br />

71

---

72<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Vaillant 1888º; Regan 1903º; Cligny 1905; Brauer 1906;<br />

Koefoed 1927; Le Gall 1932; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Woods & Sono<strong>da</strong><br />

1973; Wheeler 1978; INIP 1985aº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al.<br />

1994b.<br />

Beryci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 50- Beryciformes. Family 268- Beryci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Beryx deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus Cuvier, 1829 imperador, (alfonsim)<br />

alfonsino, beryx, red bream<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 112.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Berix deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Mohr<br />

1927; Ramalho 1929b; Fowler 1936º; Bougis 1945; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Woods &<br />

Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973; Wheeler 1978; Busakhin 1982; Martins 1982b; INIP 1985bº; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias<br />

1991º; Monteiro 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva & Krug 1992º; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Clarke<br />

et al. 1995º; Silva 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Stein<strong>da</strong>chner (1868a) mentions that this species most probably occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> region:<br />

“…hauptsächlich zwischen den canarischen Inseln, Madeira und den Azoren…”.<br />

Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834 alfonsim<br />

alfonsino, Lowe’s beryx<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 112.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Woods 1957; Woods & Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973; Wheeler 1978; INIP 1985aº; Busakhin 1982º; Dias & Monteiro<br />

1986º; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias 1991º; Monteiro 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva 1992, 1995º; Silva et al.<br />

1994º, 1995º; Clarke et al. 1995º; Krug 1995; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996º; Menezes 1996º;<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Zei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 51- Zeiformes. Family 272- Zei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Order ZEIFORMES<br />

Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) peixe galo, galo branco<br />

sailfin dory, buckler dory<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 120.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º; Azevedo &<br />

Heemstra 1995º; Krug 1995; Silva & Menezes 1995aº.<br />

Remarks: This species was not <strong>of</strong>ficially recorded for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> before 1993 despite its occasional<br />

occurrence in fish auctions (DOP CD 2/49-50).<br />

Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 peixe galo<br />

dory, John dory<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 120.1.1.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Maul 1976;<br />

Martins 1982b; INIP 1985cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al. 1994b,<br />

1995c; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; Krug 1995; Silva & Menezes 1995bº;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Oreosomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 51- Zeiformes. Family 273- Oreosomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Neocyttus helgae (Holt & Byrne, 1908)<br />

false boarfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 122.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Caproi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 51- Zeiformes. Family 275- Caproi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843<br />

deep-bodied boarfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 123.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Ehrich<br />

1977; Quéro & Duron 1980; Dooley et al. 1985.<br />

Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758) peixe pau, pimpim<br />

boarfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 123.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º; Murray & Hjort 1912º;<br />

Richard 1900; Zugmayer 1911bº; Vaillant 1919º; Roule & Angel 1923; Fowler 1936; Koefoed 1952º;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Martins 1982aº; INIP 1985aº,cº;<br />

Pereira 1987bº, 1992d, 1995º; Dias et al. 1990º; Dias 1991º; Monteiro 1991º, 1996º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Hamer et al. 1994º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Pierce et al. 1994º; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo<br />

1995; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Clarke et al. 1995º; Granadeiro et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995º; Santos &<br />

Nash 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996aº, bº.<br />

Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES<br />

Syngnathi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 52- Gasterosteiformes. Family 281- Syngnathi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

snake pipefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 97.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Entulurus aequoreus by Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; E. aequoraeus by Santos et al. 1994b; Nerophis aequoreus by Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1870, Collett 1896a,<br />

Murray & Hjort 1912, Koefoed 1953.<br />

73

---

74<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1870º; Collett 1896aº; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Duncker 1915;<br />

Vaillant 1919º; Künne 1929; Fowler 1936; Poll 1947; Koefoed 1953º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Wheeler 1978; Bauchot & Pras 1980; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) cavalo marinho<br />

short-snouted seahorse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 97.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hippocampus brevirostris; by Drouët 1861, Hilgendorf<br />

1888b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Hilgendorf 1888b; Collins 1954; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al.<br />

1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: H. brevirostris reported for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Hilgendorf (1888b) and Collins (1954) based on <strong>the</strong><br />

original citation by Drouët (1861b) who, having lost <strong>the</strong> specimens, could not confirm <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

identification. He writes: "Je pense bien que c’est cette espèce" [i.e. H. brevirostris] "que j’ai vue à San-<br />

Miguel, chez M. Ernesto do Canto, et qui provenait des côtes de cette île. J’ en avais rapporté quelques<br />

spécimens qui ont été égarés. On la retrouve aux Canaries, à Madére et aux Bermudes". A specimen<br />

(120mm TL) was caught in Faial Island (DOP 123).<br />

Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, 1814 cavalo marinho<br />

seahorse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 97.4.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Hippocampus guttulatus guttulatus by Regan 1903,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888aº; Regan 1903º; Nobre 1924º, 1930º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Ré 1979aº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Nerophis maculatus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 97.2.1. Species cited in FNAM with a question mark.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Nerophis papacinus by Hilgendorf 1888b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954.<br />

Remarks: According to Fowler (1936) and Collins 1954 Nerophis papacinus <strong>of</strong> Hilgendorf (1888b) is a<br />

synonym <strong>of</strong> Nerophis maculatus. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN<br />

(1993).<br />

Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758 chicote<br />

greater pipefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 97.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Syngnathus rubescens by Hilgendorf 1888b, S. pellegrini<br />

by Collins 1954.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Silva 1893º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954º; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Dooley et al. 1985; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos et al. 1994aº; Wirtz<br />

1994º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888b) cites both Syngnathus acus and its synonym S. rubescens. The citation <strong>of</strong><br />

S. pellegrini by Collins (1954) is original and is based on a personal communication from J. Agostinho.<br />

S. pellegrini was originally described by Fowler (1919) from <strong>the</strong> coast <strong>of</strong> Gabon based upon mislabelled<br />

specimens <strong>of</strong> S. fuscus from <strong>the</strong> western Atlantic coast. S. pellegrini was said to be related to S. acus by<br />

Fowler (1936).<br />

Macroramphosi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 52- Gasterosteiformes. Family 285- Macroramphosi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Macroramphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758) trombeteiro<br />

spine trumpet fish, longspine<br />

snipefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 96.1.1. (and 96.1.2.).<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Centriscus scolopax by Hilgendorf 1888b, Zugmayer<br />

1911b, C. gracilis by Lütken 1880, Hilgendorf 1888b, Vaillant 1919; Macroramphosus gracilis by<br />

Fowler 1936; Mohr 1937, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Collins 1954, Dias et al. 1976, 1990, INIP 1985b,c.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1880º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Zugmayer 1911b;Vaillant 1919º; Fowler<br />

1936º; Mohr 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Dias et al.<br />

1976º, 1990º; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº; INIP 1985aº,bº;<br />

Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Pierce et al. 1994º; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º;<br />

Granadeiro et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995º; Steiner 1995º; Monteiro 1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996aº,bº.<br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936), Albuquerque (1954-1956) and Dias et al. (1976) considered Macroramphosus<br />

gracilis and M. scolopax as valid species.<br />

Order SCORPAENIFORMES<br />

Dactylopteri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 54- Scorpaeniformes. Family 290- Dactylopteri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

flying gurnard<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 193.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (230mm SL) collected by speargun on <strong>the</strong> 21 August, 1995 at Velas, São Jorge<br />

Island (DOP 354). Previous to that, individuals were seen, but not collected, while scuba-diving.<br />

Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 54- Scorpaeniformes. Family 291- Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) boca-negra<br />

blue-mouth, blackbelly rosefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

75

---

76<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus by Vaillant 1919, Roule &<br />

Angel 1923; Fowler 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias et al. 1976, Wheeler 1978, Martins 1982b,<br />

Silva 1986a,b, 1992, 1995 Isidro 1987, 1989, Dias & Cascalho 1991, Monteiro 1991, Monteiro et al.<br />

1991, Silva & Krug 1992, Krug 1995, Santos et al. 1994b, Silva et al. 1994, 1995, Silva & Menezes<br />

1995a,b, Menezes 1996; H. madurensis by Collins 1954, Pérès 1992; Scorpaena <strong>da</strong>ctyloptera by Brauer<br />

1906; S. imperialis by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936; Sebastes <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus by Collett 1896a, Vaillant<br />

1888, Regan 1903, Nobre 1924, 1930, 1935.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Sampaio 1904º; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º; Roule<br />

1919º; Roule & Angel 1923º; Nobre 1924º, 1930, 1935; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Eschmeyer 1969; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Ehrich 1977; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Martins 1982b; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992, 1995º; Isidro 1987,<br />

1989º, 1996º; Dias 1991º; Dias & Cascalho 1991; Monteiro 1991º; Monteiro et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Pérès 1992; Silva & Krug 1992º; DOP 1993º; Krug 1995; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º,<br />

1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Scorpaena imperialis is cited by Sampaio (1904) with <strong>the</strong> common name “boca negra”.<br />

Collins (1954) also cites “boca negra” as Helicolenus madurensis and he synonymises S. imperialis <strong>of</strong><br />

Sampaio (1904) and S. madurensis <strong>of</strong> Vaillant (1919) with H. madurensis, primarily based on Fowler<br />

(1936). “Boca negra” is, without any doubt, <strong>the</strong> common name strictly used in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> for H. d.<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus. The records <strong>of</strong> Fowler (1936) and Vaillant (1919), included under Helicolenus<br />

madurensis by Collins (1954), refer to Scorpaena maderensis.<br />

Pontinus kuhlii (Bowdich, 1825) bagre, cantarilho, cântaro<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pontinus kuhli by Ehrich 1977, Silva 1995; Sebastes<br />

Kuhlii by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Norman 1935; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Eschmeyer 1969º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Martins 1982b; Dooley<br />

et al. 1985; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias 1991º; Monteiro 1991º; Monteiro et al.<br />

1991º; Silva & Krug 1992º; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Silva 1995º; Silva & Menezes<br />

1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Scorpaena azorica Eschmeyer, 1969<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Eschmeyer 1969º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: The existence <strong>of</strong> Scorpaena azorica was based on one specimen caught in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (see<br />

Eschmeyer 1969). Recently Golani (1996) recorded <strong>the</strong> species for <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. We believe that<br />

<strong>the</strong> taxonomic status <strong>of</strong> this species needs reappraisal.<br />

Scorpaena laevis Troschel, 1866<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scorpaena plumieri by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Eschmeyer 1969º.<br />

Scorpaena maderensis Valenciennes, 1833 coça, rascaço<br />

Madeira rockfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.6.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Helicolenus madurensis by Norman 1935, Fowler 1936;<br />

Scorpaena sp.. by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, 1995; Sebastes maderensis by Collett 1896a, 1897; S. madurensis by<br />

Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº, 1897º; Sampaio 1904; Brauer 1906; Vaillant 1919º; Norman<br />

1935; Fowler 1936; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Eschmeyer 1969º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Mapstone &<br />

Wood 1974º, 1975º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977, 1980º, 1995º; Dooley et al. 1985; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos<br />

1990dº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al.<br />

1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Azevedo 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: See Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus.<br />

Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 coça, rascaço<br />

rockfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.7.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scorpaena ustulata by Collett 1896a, Vaillant 1919;<br />

Norman 1935.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Vaillant 1919º; Norman 1935; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Eschmeyer 1969; Maul 1976; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº,<br />

1990º; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985aº,bº; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990eº; Patzner et al. 1990º,<br />

1992º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a;<br />

Azevedo 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 coça, rascaço<br />

black scorpion-fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Dooley et al. 1985; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Eschmeyer (1969) refers to Roule (1919) and Collins (1954) but does not mention <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

in <strong>the</strong> paragraph concerning <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> this species. He simply states that <strong>the</strong> species "occurs in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and adjacent parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic in shallow water". Sampaio (1904) alleges that<br />

Scorpaena porcus can be found among boulders and tide pools. Based on known behaviour <strong>of</strong> local<br />

Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e he can only be refering to Scorpaena maderensis. The vernacular name <strong>of</strong> “peixe porco”<br />

used by Sampaio, does not apply to any Azorean scorpionfish.<br />

Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a Linnaeus, 1758 rocaz<br />

red scorpion-fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.1.8.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scorpaena scropha by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936; S.<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a obesa by Goode & Bean 1895.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1860º; Drouët 1861bº; Goode & Bean 1895; Ramos 1869;<br />

Hilgendorf 1888bº; Roule & Angel 1921º; Sampaio 1904º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Duncker 1934; Fowler<br />

77

---

78<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Eschmeyer 1969; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood<br />

1974º; Dias et al. 1976º; Maul 1976; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Martins<br />

1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias<br />

1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Wirtz 1994º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Silva &<br />

Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Wood (1973) asserts that Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a is “common in all areas” which are, at <strong>the</strong> most,<br />

30m deep. The species in question is not commonly seen in waters less than 30m deep. We believe this<br />

might be a misidentification ei<strong>the</strong>r for S. maderensis or S. notata. Drouët (1861b: 131, 222) says <strong>the</strong><br />

common name <strong>of</strong> this species is “peixe-cão” but this name is currently used for <strong>the</strong> wrasse<br />

Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois scr<strong>of</strong>a, a species which Drouët (1861b) does not mention. Ramos (1869) repeats this<br />

error. Eschmeyer (1969) refers to Collins (1954) but does not include <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in <strong>the</strong> paragraph<br />

concerning <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> this species.<br />

Scorpaenodes arenai Torchio, 1962<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Setarches guen<strong>the</strong>ri Johnson, 1862<br />

deepwater scorpionfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.6.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Setarches quen<strong>the</strong>ri by Shcherbachev et al. 1985.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977; Shcherbachev et al. 1985º.<br />

Trachyscorpia cristulata echinata (Koehler, 1896)<br />

spiny scorpionfish, Atlantic<br />

thornyhead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 184.7.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: Several specimens and photographs (DOP CD 2/94) are deposited in <strong>the</strong> DOP collection and<br />

archives. The first records is <strong>of</strong> one specimen (450mm TL) caught by F/V “Três Rosas” SW <strong>of</strong> Condor<br />

Bank, at a depth <strong>of</strong> 720m on 27 February, 1992 (DOP 355).<br />

Trigli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 54- Scorpaeniformes. Family 297- Trigli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aspitrigla cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) cabra, cabrinha, ruivo<br />

red gurnard<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 185.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Trigla cuculus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Fowler 1936, Collins<br />

1954, Dias et al. 1976; Trigla (Aspitrigla) cuculus by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Trigla pini by Regan<br />

1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Maul 1976; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias 1991º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Remarks: According to Hilgendorf (1888b) Trigla cuculus was registered as Trigla pini at <strong>the</strong> Museu<br />

Carlos Machado.<br />

Trigloporus lastoviza (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

streaked gurnard<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 185.5.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chelidonichthys (Trigloporus) lastoviza by Richards 1968,<br />

Dooley et al. 1985; Trigla lastovitza by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954; T. (Trigloporus) lastoviza by<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; T. lineata by Hilgendorf 1888b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Richards 1968; Dooley et al. 1985; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Wirtz 1994º; Gonçalves et al. 1995.<br />

Remarks: Gonçalves et al. (1995) were uncertain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir material (= cf. Trigloporus<br />

lastoviza).<br />

Order PERCIFORMES<br />

Acropomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 319- Acropomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Howella brodiei atlantica Post & Quéro, 1991<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 127.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: Howella is considered incertae sedis in FNAM and was provisionally included in <strong>the</strong><br />

Moroni<strong>da</strong>e. The Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number given above is from <strong>the</strong> 1973 edition, and corresponds to <strong>the</strong> inclusion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus in <strong>the</strong> family Apogoni<strong>da</strong>e. In <strong>the</strong> 1978’s Cl<strong>of</strong>nam’s supplement Howella brodiei was<br />

considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> Howella sherborni (Norman, 1920) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 124.5a.1.) and was included in<br />

<strong>the</strong> family Serrani<strong>da</strong>e. According to Nelson (1994) <strong>the</strong> Howella should probably be included in its own<br />

family Howelli<strong>da</strong>e (based on Roberts 1993) but he still included it in Acropomati<strong>da</strong>e. Post & Quéro<br />

(1991) reviewed H. brodiei Ogilby, 1899, and showed <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> two subspecies: Howella brodiei<br />

atlantica Post & Quéro, 1991 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean, and Howella b. brodiei Ogilby, 1899 from <strong>the</strong><br />

Indian and Pacific Oceans. The record <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based on <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> two<br />

specimens (DOP 356: 108.6mm TL and an incomplete specimen) collected at Santa Maria Island on 22<br />

June, 1995, in a roseate tern (Sterna dougalii) colony (E. Solà and L. Monteiro, pers. com.).<br />

Polyprion americanus (Schneider, 1801) cherne<br />

wreck-fish, stone bass<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.7.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Polyprion americanum by Fowler 1936, Cadenat 1937,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; P. cernium by<br />

Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Murray &<br />

Hjort 1912º; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Koefoed 1952º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Wood 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins<br />

1982b; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva & Krug 1992º; Santos et<br />

79

---

80<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Krug 1995; Pinho & Pereira 1995bº; Sedberry 1995º; Silva<br />

& Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º; Sedberry et al. 1996º.<br />

Remarks: According to Nelson (1994), Polyprion should probably be included in <strong>the</strong> family<br />

Polyprioni<strong>da</strong>e (based on Roberts 1993).<br />

Serrani<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 320- Serrani<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Anthias anthias (Linnaeus, 1758) canário do mar, folião, periquito<br />

swallowtail sea perch<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Anthias sacer by Hilgendorf 1888b, Nobre 1924, 1930;<br />

Serranus anthias by Drouët 1861b, Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904; Nobre 1924º, 1930;<br />

Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º; Ehrich 1977; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Martins 1982aº; Dooley et al. 1985; Dias &<br />

Monteiro 1986º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº,<br />

1992º, 1994º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Azevedo 1995; Silva &<br />

Menezes 1995aº; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) mero<br />

dusky perch, dusky grouper<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.5.4. Species designation not included in FNAM where it appears cited for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> as Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758), which was found to be nomen dubium (Heemstra 1991).<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Epinephelus guasa by Dias 1991, E. guaza by Tortonese<br />

1954, Wood 1973, Wood & Williams 1974, Wood 1974, Dias et al. 1976, Wheeler 1978, Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, 1990, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, 1992, Martins 1982b, Bruslé 1985, Dooley et<br />

al. 1985, INIP 1985c, Skaramuka et al. 1989, Patzner 1990, Patzner & Santos 1990c, Patzner et al.<br />

1990, Santos et al. 1990a, Wirtz 1990b, Martins & Santos 1991, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Santos 1992a,b, Silva et<br />

al. 1995, Isidro 1996, Menezes 1996; Serranus gigas by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro<br />

1936; S. guaza by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888b; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien Sampaio 1904º; Fowler<br />

1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Tortonese 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré<br />

1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1992; Martins 1982b; Bruslé 1985; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985cº;<br />

Skaramuka et al. 1989; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990cº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et<br />

al. 1990a, 1994aº,b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º, 1995º; Dias 1991º;<br />

Heemstra 1991; Martins & Santos 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Azevedo 1992º; Santos<br />

1992aº,b; DOP 1993º; Heemstra & Ran<strong>da</strong>ll 1993º; Gonçalves 1993; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Mycteroperca fusca (Lowe, 1836) badejo<br />

comb grouper<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.6.-. This species was not included in FNAM being mistaken with ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Mycteroperca rubra (Bloch,1793) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 124.6.1) or with Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes,<br />

1828) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 124.5.2.). Nei<strong>the</strong>r one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two species was cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Epinephelus alexandrinus by Wood 1973, Wood &<br />

Williams 1974, Wood 1974, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, 1990, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, Wirtz<br />

1990b, Martins & Santos 1991, Patzner et al. 1990, Santos 1992b; Mycteroperca rubra by Martins<br />

1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-<br />

Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Martins 1982b; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º;<br />

Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Heemstra 1991; Martins & Santos 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º;<br />

Santos 1992b; Heemstra & Ran<strong>da</strong>ll 1993º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Heemstra (1991) recognized Mycteroperca fusca (= Serranus fuscus Lowe, 1836) as an<br />

endemic species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Macaronesian Islands. According to Heemstra (1991) <strong>the</strong> current valid name for<br />

“Epinephelus alexandrinus” is Epinephelus costae (Stein<strong>da</strong>chner, 1878) which does not occur in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Serranus atricau<strong>da</strong> Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1874 garoupa<br />

blacktail comber<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Paracentropristis atricau<strong>da</strong> by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954;<br />

P. scriba by Collins 1954; Serranellus atricau<strong>da</strong> by Fowler 1919, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Serranelus<br />

scriba by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Serranus (Pseu<strong>dos</strong>erranus) atricau<strong>da</strong> by Hilgendorf 1888b; S.<br />

cabrilla by Silva 1986a,b, S. scriba by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1874º; Boulenger 1895º; Collett 1896aº; Ramos<br />

1869; Hilgendorf 1888a,b; Regan 1903º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot & Blanc 1961; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood<br />

& Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

1980º; INIP 1985cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Silva 1986aº,b; Dias et al. 1990º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º;<br />

Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1992º,<br />

1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP<br />

1993º; Gonçalves 1993; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Krug 1995;<br />

Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: The report <strong>of</strong> Serranus cabrilla by Silva (1986a,b) is certainly a misidentification <strong>of</strong> Serranus<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong> (“garoupa”), <strong>the</strong> species <strong>of</strong> Serranus most commonly caught in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The quantities<br />

described by Silva (1986a,b) are very unlikelly to be S. cabrilla, a species known by local fishermen as<br />

“garoupa-do-alto”. Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 124.1.4) originally reported for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> by Drouët (1861b) Based on this record, <strong>the</strong> species was subsequently referred by Ramos (1869),<br />

Hilgendorf (1888b), Collins (1954), Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992) and Wirtz (1994)e. We have never found S. scriba in<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Drouët (1861b), whose mention <strong>of</strong> S. scriba was before to <strong>the</strong> description <strong>of</strong> S. atricau<strong>da</strong> by<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r (1874), says that <strong>the</strong> species "Habitte les côtes de San-Miguel, où il est connu des pêcheurs sous<br />

le nom de garoupa". Drouët’s specimens were, most probably, S. atricau<strong>da</strong>, <strong>the</strong> only “garoupa”<br />

traditionally exploited by Azorean fishermen. Gün<strong>the</strong>r (1874), in <strong>the</strong> paper where he describes S.<br />

81

---

82<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong>, notes: “I find that <strong>the</strong> specimen from Mogador is identical with o<strong>the</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> British Museum<br />

from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, Madeira and <strong>the</strong> Canary Islands (Tenerife) which I have hi<strong>the</strong>rto confounded with S.<br />

cabrilla”. S. scriba was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1785) garoupa do alto<br />

comber<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Paracentropristis cabrilla by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954;<br />

Serranellus cabrilla by Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1936º;<br />

Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Tortonese 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; INIP 1985bº;<br />

Chícharo & Teodósio 1990º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Wirtz 1992º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Silva et<br />

al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Sampaio (1904) and Ribeiro (1936) incorrectly states that S. cabrilla is <strong>the</strong> most common<br />

species <strong>of</strong> this genus. S. atricau<strong>da</strong> is caught more <strong>of</strong>ten in coastal areas (see S. atricau<strong>da</strong>).<br />

Callanthii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 322- Callanthii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Callanthias ruber (Rafinesque, 1810)<br />

parrot sea perch<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 124.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Maul 1976; Shcherbachev et al. 1985.<br />

Remarks: Maul’s record from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (1976) is <strong>of</strong> a specimen <strong>of</strong> uncertain origin and <strong>the</strong><br />

Shcherbachev et al. (1985) is based on Maul. One specimen (150mm FL) was caught on 15 September,<br />

1994 by F/V “Três Rosas” (DOP 367). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in<br />

ICN (1993).<br />

Priacanthi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 332- Priacanthi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 126.-.-. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

bulleye<br />

Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829<br />

Atlantic big-eye, bigeye<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 126.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Many specimens and photographs (DOP CD 3/38-40) are deposited in <strong>the</strong> DOP. The first<br />

documented specimen (227mm TL) was caught by J. Matos on hook and line at Horta harbour, Faial<br />

Island on 9 September, 1987 (DOP 89).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Apogoni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 333- Apogoni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Apogon (Apogon) imberbis (Linnaeus, 1758) folião<br />

cardinal fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 127.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Amia imberbe by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Guimarães 1884º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930;<br />

Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood<br />

1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Dooley et al. 1985;<br />

Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al.<br />

1995º.<br />

Epigoni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 334- Epigoni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810) escamu<strong>da</strong>, escuro, jordão, preto<br />

bulls-eye<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 127.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1952º; Collins 1954; Santos et al. 1995c; Silva et al. 1995º;<br />

Menezes 1996º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Pomatomi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 339- Pomatomi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus, 1766) anchova, enchova<br />

bluefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 129.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pomatomus saltatrix by Le Gall 1934, Fowler 1936,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Fowler 1936; Temnodon saltator by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio<br />

1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Le Gall 1934; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro<br />

1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º;<br />

Martins 1982b; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Santos et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Santos & Nash 1995º; Isidro 1996.<br />

Echenei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 341- Echenei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

sharksucker<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

83

---

84<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: One specimen (DOP 335: 650mm SL) was speared on 2 August, 1993, 8-10m depth, on a<br />

sandy bottom at Vila Nova on <strong>the</strong> North coast <strong>of</strong> Terceira Island by Helder Ferreira. Also several slides<br />

by Peter Wirtz (DOP CD 3/41-43).<br />

Ph<strong>the</strong>irichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791) agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

slender suckerfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Echeneis lineata by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

spearfish remora<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.3.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Remora (Remoropsis) brachyptera by Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The specimen mentioned by Collett (1896a) as Echeneis brachypterus was caught slightly<br />

outside <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ, at 39º56’10’’N, 36º20’15’’W.<br />

Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829) agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

marlinsucker, sailfishsucker<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.3.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (DOP 357: 340mm SL) was caught at Princesa Alice Bank by Les Gallagher on<br />

12 August, 1995.<br />

Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

remora, shark-sucker, common<br />

remora<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.3.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Echeneis remora by Guimarães 1882, Hilgendorf 1888b,<br />

Collett 1897, Sampaio 1904; Remora (Remora) remora by Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Guimarães 1882º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1897; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler<br />

1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remorina albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) agarrador, pegador, rémora<br />

white suckerfish, mantasucker<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 200.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Echeneis albescens by Collett 1987.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1897º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Coryphaeni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 343- Coryphaeni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758 doirado, dourado<br />

pompano dolphin fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 132.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coryphaena azorica by Valenciennes 1833, Drouët 1861b,<br />

Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, C. equisetis by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936;<br />

Coryphaena pelagica by Stein<strong>da</strong>chner 1868b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Valenciennes 1833º; Drouët 1861bº; Stein<strong>da</strong>chner 1868b; Ramos 1869;<br />

Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Valenciennes (1833) described Coryphaena azorica from an Azorean specimen but <strong>the</strong><br />

species was later recognised as a synonym <strong>of</strong> C. equiselis. Drouët (1861b) and Hilgendorf (1888b) cite<br />

both as distinct species. Their reports <strong>of</strong> C. azorica are based on Valenciennes’s (1833).<br />

Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 doirado, dourado<br />

common dolphin fish, dolphin<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 132.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1905bº; Bouvier 1907º; Guiart 1935; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Martins 1982b; Pinho & Pereira 1995b.<br />

Carangi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 344- Carangi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) írio de serra<br />

blue runner<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.1.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wirtz 1990aº,bº, 1991º, 1994º; DOP 1993º.<br />

Remarks: Berry (1959) mentions records <strong>of</strong> Caranx crysos from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but does not give details<br />

concerning <strong>the</strong>ir status.<br />

Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833<br />

mackerel scad<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; DOP 1993º.<br />

Remarks: Mackerel scad are occasionally a bycatch during <strong>the</strong> capture <strong>of</strong> Trachurus picturactus for live<br />

bait by tuna fishing boats.<br />

Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) salemão<br />

rainbow runner<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; DOP 1993º; Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

85

---

86<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: The first DOP specimen recorded (photo by H. R. Martins) was caught at <strong>the</strong> surface on<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> Bank by <strong>the</strong> F/V “Lajes do Pico” in September 1978 (DOP CD 3/50-51).<br />

Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) peixe-piloto, romeiro<br />

pilot-fish, pilotfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.6.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Nauclerus compressus by Hilgendorf 1988b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Vaillant 1919º; Sampaio 1904º; Nobre 1924º, 1930;<br />

Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Parin 1970; Wirtz 1990bº; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; DOP<br />

1993º; Pinho & Pereira 1995bº; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888b) refers to both Naucrates ductor (species 30) and its synonym Nauclerus<br />

compressus (species 30a), as two valid species.<br />

Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider in Schneider, 1801) encharéu, xaréu<br />

guelly jack<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.1a.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Caranx sp.. by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936; C.<br />

ascensionensis by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; C. ascensionis by Dias et al.<br />

1976; C. dentex by Regan 1903, Vaillant 1919, Berry 1959, Wood & Williams 1974, Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, Martins 1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Berry 1959; Wood & Williams 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º; Ré<br />

1979aº, 1990º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et<br />

al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990aº,bº, 1991º, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1992º;<br />

Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Gonçalves 1993; Nash et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º;<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº; Silva et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) írio, lírio<br />

amberjack, greater amberjack<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.9.1. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Seriola dumerili dumerili by Albuquerque 1954-1956, S.<br />

Dumerilii by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º;<br />

Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º;<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Santos et al. 1995b.<br />

Remarks: Wood & Williams (1974) and Barreiros (1990) mention Seriola zonata (Mitchill, 1815)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 131.9.3. but not included in FNAM), which <strong>the</strong>y must have confused with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Seriola that occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. One cannot say which species from <strong>the</strong> photograph in Wood &<br />

Williams (1974). Wood (1974) and Williams and Wood (1974) also mention <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Carangi<strong>da</strong>e, Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 131.5.1.), which also seems to be a Seriola.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Seriola rivoliana Cuvier, 1833 írio, lírio<br />

almaco jack<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.9.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Seriola dumerili by Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; DOP 1993º; Wirtz 1994º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

1995º; Santos et al. 1995c.<br />

Remarks: The specimens identified as Seriola dumerili in <strong>the</strong> underwater photograph 109 (and probably<br />

also on photo 108) <strong>of</strong> Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1980) are in fact S. rivoliana.<br />

Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) cabra, prombeta, plombeta<br />

derbio, pompano<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.11.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Caesiomorus glaucus by Fowler 1919, 1936, Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Lichia glauca by Hilgendorf 1888b, Collett 1896a, Sampaio 1904, Zugmayer 1911b, Lampe<br />

1914, Ninni 1934, Cadenat 1937; Collins 1954; Trachinotus glaucus by Albuquerque 1954-1956; T.<br />

ovatus by Wheeler 1978, Isidro 1988, Barreiros 1990, Nash et al. 1990, Patzner 1990, Patzner et al.<br />

1990, Ré 1990, Wirtz 1990b, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Azevedo et al. 1992; Trachynotus glaucus by Regan 1903,<br />

Fowler 1936, Ré 1979a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Zugmayer<br />

1911bº; Lampe 1914; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ninni 1934; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º;<br />

Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Martins 1982b; Isidro 1988, 1990aº,bº; Barreiros 1990º; Nash et al.<br />

1990º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Trachurus picturatus (T. E. Bowdich, 1825) chicharro, chicharro do alto<br />

blue jack mackerel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 131.10.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Caranx trachurus by Ramos 1869, Regan 1903, Sampaio<br />

1904, Murray & Hjort 1912, Ferreira 1932, 1937a; Ribeiro 1936; Trachurus by Frade 1960; Trachurus<br />

Cuvieri by Lütken 1880, Nobre 1924, 1930; T. trachurus by Drouët 1861b, Hilgendorf 1888b, Lampe<br />

1914, Clark 1913, Fowler 1936; Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias et al. 1976, Dias 1991; T.<br />

picturatus picturatus by Shaboneyev 1973, 1980, Shaboneyev & Riazantseva 1977, Shaboneyev &<br />

Kotlyar 1979.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Lütken 1880º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett<br />

1896aº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Lampe 1914; Clark 1913; Nobre 1924º,<br />

1930; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ramalho 1929a; Ferreira 1932º, 1937a; Ribeiro 1936; Letaconnoux 1951;<br />

Koefoed 1952º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Frade 1960; Shaboneyev 1973º, 1980º; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Maul 1976; Ehrich 1977; Shaboneyev &<br />

Riazantseva 1977º; Martins 1978, 1982aº,b, 1992; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº;<br />

Shaboneyev & Kotlyar 1979º; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Shcherbachev et al. 1985;<br />

Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Isidro 1988, 1990aº,bº; Barreiros 1990º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Dias 1991º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Pereira 1992dº; Silva 1992; DOP 1993º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Pierce et<br />

87

---

88<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

al. 1994º; Santos et al. 1994aº,b, 1995a,c; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Clarke<br />

et al. 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Granadeiro et al. 1995º; Pinho & Pereira 1995bº; Pinho et al. 1995º;<br />

Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Pereira 1995º; Silva et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996º;<br />

Menezes 1996º; Monteiro 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Drouët (1861b), Regan (1903), Sampaio (1904) and Ferreira (1932, 1937a) cite Caranx<br />

trachurus (= Trachurus trachurus [Linnaeus, 1758]). Collins (1954), Dias et al. (1976), Dias (1991) and<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992), with a question mark, also list T. trachurus. All are here treated as synonyms/<br />

misidentifications <strong>of</strong> T. picturatus. Fowler (1936) and Albuquerque (1954-1956), based on Fowler<br />

(1936), report both T. picturatus and T. trachurus. Fowler’s (1936) record <strong>of</strong> T. picturatus is based on<br />

specimens collected in Faial while T. trachurus is based on two small specimens from Faial and one from<br />

Terceira.<br />

Brami<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 347- Brami<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) chaputa<br />

Ray´s bream, Atlantic pomfret<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 133.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Brama raii by Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903, Fowler<br />

1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Mead & Haedrich 1965; Mead 1972; Wheeler 1978; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva et al. 1995º;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Pterycombus brama Fries, 1837<br />

rough pomfret, silver pomfret,<br />

Atlantic fanfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 133.4.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: Two specimens (330-330mm SL) were caught at 38º08’20’’N, 29º23’45’’W, in 540m, on 25<br />

July, 1994 by F/V “Rei do Atlântico” (DOP 330). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was<br />

questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Taractes asper Lowe, 1843<br />

rough pomfret<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 133.1.2.<br />

Remarks: T. asper was reported for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Hilgendorf (1888bº) and, upon him, by Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

(1992). Fowler (1936), Collins (1954) and Mead & Maul (1958) considered that record a synonym <strong>of</strong><br />

Taractichthys longipinnis (see below). However, <strong>the</strong> drawing <strong>of</strong> Taractes longipinnis in Fowler (1936)<br />

seems to represent T. asper. Mead (1972: 25) also notes that <strong>the</strong> description <strong>of</strong> T. longipinnis by Fowler<br />

(1936) “appears to be <strong>of</strong> T. asper”. Mead & Maul (1958) did not see <strong>the</strong> specimen listed by Hilgendorf<br />

(1888b), deposited at <strong>the</strong> Museum Carlos Machado, since <strong>the</strong>y state that it is “said to be deposited in <strong>the</strong><br />

Museum zu Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>” (p. 409). There is some confusion around <strong>the</strong>se records. This is probably due<br />

to <strong>the</strong> fact that Fowler (1936) did not consider T. asper a valid species, and considered Hilgendorf’s<br />

(1888b) record as a synonym <strong>of</strong> T. longipinnis. Later authors followed Fowler interpretation. Even Mead

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

(1972) considers Hilgendorf’s (1888b) T. asper a synonym <strong>of</strong> Taractichthys longipinnis, but again<br />

without direct observation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original specimen.<br />

A photograph, by Robert Patzner, <strong>of</strong> a specimen (194mm SL) caught around Faial in 1989 is deposited in<br />

DOP archives (DOP CD 3/89). The specimen was not preserved. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Taractes rubescens (Jor<strong>da</strong>n & Evermann, 1887)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 133.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: One specimen caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island by F/V “Mar <strong>da</strong> Prata” on 12 September, 1992.<br />

Taractichthys longipinnis (Lowe, 1843)<br />

long-finned bream, bigscale pomfret<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 133.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Several specimens and photographs (DOP CD 3/90-91) are deposited in DOP collections. See<br />

also o<strong>the</strong>r remarks under Taractes asper.<br />

Caristii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 348- Caristii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Platyberyx opalescens Zugmayer, 1911<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 114.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1953º.<br />

Remarks: The <strong>Azores</strong> record is based on <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> a 63mm specimen caught by <strong>the</strong> R/V<br />

"Michael Sars" at 36º53’N, 29º47’W (station 56).<br />

Loboti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 351- Loboti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) lobotes<br />

tripletail<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 134.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Included in this checklist based on two specimens (DOP 342 and 364). One (380mm TL) was<br />

caught by F/V “Príncipe <strong>da</strong> Horta” on 25 July, 1992, 3miles SW <strong>of</strong> Varadouro, Faial Island, below a<br />

floating buoy by J. H. Neves. The o<strong>the</strong>r (445mm TL) was caught on 16 August, 1996 by F/V<br />

“Neuzamar”, <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island below a floating object by A. Páscoa.<br />

89

---

90<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Spari<strong>da</strong>e 2<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 355- Spari<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) boga<br />

bogue<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Box boops by Collett 1896a, Vaillant 1919, Nobre 1924,<br />

1930; B. vulgaris by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903, Nobre 1930, Sampaio<br />

1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro<br />

1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Martins 1982aº,b; INIP 1985bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º;<br />

Isidro 1988, 1990aº,bº; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º,<br />

1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Dias 1991º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Krug 1995; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º;<br />

Azevedo 1995; Pereira 1995º; Barreiros 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995º; Santos &<br />

Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Diplodus sargus cadenati de la Paz, Bauchot & Daget, 1974 sargo<br />

white sea bream<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.4.3.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Diplodus sargus by Fowler 1919, 1936, Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956, Wood 1973; Mapstone & Wood 1974, 1975, Wood & Williams 1974, Wood 1974, Dias et<br />

al. 1976, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, 1990, Muzavor & Westhaus 1981, Martins<br />

1982b, Dias & Monteiro 1986, Barreiros 1990, Nash et al. 1990, Patzner & Santos 1990d, Patzner et al.<br />

1990, Santos et al. 1990b, 1994a,b, Wirtz 1990b, Azevedo et al. 1991, 1992, Dias 1991, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992,<br />

DOP 1993, Gonçalves 1993, 1993, Wirtz 1994, Azevedo 1995, Santos & Nash 1995, Silva & Menezes<br />

1995a, Silva et al. 1995, Isidro 1996, Menezes 1996; Diplodus vulgaris by Fowler 1936, Cadenat 1937,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Sargus rondeletii by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869,<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903, Lampe 1914; S. sargus by Vaillant 1919; S. vulgaris by Hilgendorf<br />

1888b, Sampaio 1904; Nobre 1924, 1930, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Lampe 1914; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat<br />

2 Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus,1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.10.1.) is also recorded for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by:<br />

Hilgendorf (1888b) and Sampaio (1904) as Cantharus lineatus, and by Fowler (1936), Collins (1954), Martins<br />

(1982b), Wheeler (1978), and Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992) as Spondyliosoma cantharus. All <strong>the</strong> citations, except that <strong>of</strong><br />

Sampaio (1904), are based in Hilgendorf (1888b), who refers to <strong>the</strong> species without giving fur<strong>the</strong>r information.<br />

We were unable to find Spondyliosoma cantharus in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> despite <strong>the</strong> effort made. As we could not find<br />

<strong>the</strong> specimen on which Hilgendorf (1888b) based his record, we decided not to include <strong>the</strong> species. S.<br />

cantharus is questioned in ICN 1993. Wheeler (1978) and Dooley et al. (1985) cite also for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

species Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.1.1.). This species does not occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The<br />

reason why <strong>the</strong>se authors cite this species is not clear. It is nei<strong>the</strong>r introduced as an original record, nor is it<br />

referred for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by <strong>the</strong> authors mentioned by Dooley et al. (1985). Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992) also cites this species<br />

based on Drouët (1861) and Hilgendorf (1888b).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; de la Paz et al. 1974º; de la Paz 1975º; Dias et al. 1976º; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; INIP 1985bº;<br />

Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner & Santos 1990dº,<br />

1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº, 1995bº; DOP 1993º; Gonçalves<br />

1993; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº; Silva et<br />

al. 1995º; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888b) cites both Sargus rondeletii and S. vulgaris for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The first<br />

record is based on Drouët (1861b). S. vulgaris is a common synonym for Diplodus vulgaris (E. Ge<strong>of</strong>frey<br />

Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.4.4.) whose occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is not confirmed in recent<br />

times. Diplodus vulgaris is also cited by Collins (1954) and Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992), and by Sampaio (1904) and<br />

Nobre (1919) as Sargus vulgaris. Fowler (1936) and Albuquerque (1954-1956) cite both D. sargus and<br />

D. vulgaris. Collins (1954) cites Diplodus trifasciatus, a common synonym for D. cervinus (Lowe, 1841)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.4.2.), based on a specimen that he observed at <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong> (not found<br />

in <strong>the</strong> MCM collections). We consider that <strong>the</strong>se citations are probable misidentifications <strong>of</strong> D. s.<br />

cadenati. The subject deserves fur<strong>the</strong>r detailed attention.<br />

Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826) besugo<br />

axillary sea-bream<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.7.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pagellus owenii by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro<br />

1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Muzavor &<br />

Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias et<br />

al. 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Krug 1995;<br />

Nash et al. 1994aº; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995a,bº; Isidro 1996;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) carapau, peixão, goraz<br />

red sea-bream<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.7.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pagellus centrodontus by Drouët 1861b, Hilgendorf<br />

1888b, Collett 1896a, Regan 1903, Sampaio 1904, Fowler 1919, 1936, Ribeiro 1936, Cadenat 1937,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

1980º; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b, 1992; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias &<br />

Monteiro 1986º; Krug 1986º, 1989º, 1991º, 1995º; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992, 1995º; Isidro 1987, 1989º,<br />

1996; Isidro 1988, 1990aº,bº; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º;<br />

Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995cº; Wirtz 1990bº; Dias 1991º; Dias & Cascalho 1991; Monteiro 1991º,<br />

1996º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Pereira 1992dº, 1995º; Santos 1992aº; Silva & Krug 1992º,<br />

91

---

92<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

1995º; DOP 1993º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Azevedo 1995; Clarke et al. 1995º;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Menezes<br />

1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996.<br />

Remarks: Drouët (1861b), Hilgendorf (1888b), Sampaio (1904), Fowler (1936), Collins (1954) and<br />

Albuquerque (1954-1956) cite both P. bogaraveo and P. centrodontus. Collins (1954) calls <strong>the</strong> first<br />

“carapau” and <strong>the</strong> second “goraz”. Traditionally, <strong>the</strong> fishermen and <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> call P.<br />

bogaraveo three distinct vernacular names: “carapau” when <strong>the</strong>y are small, “peixão” for <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

intermediate size and finally “goraz” for <strong>the</strong> full grown demersal individuals. The three designations<br />

apply well to <strong>the</strong> three distinct ecotopes which <strong>the</strong> species occupies during its life. Drouët (1861b: 132,<br />

221, 222) and Ramos (1869: 107, 108) swapped <strong>the</strong> common name <strong>of</strong> Pagellus bogaraveo, which <strong>the</strong>y<br />

call “salema”, with that <strong>of</strong> Sarpa salpa, which <strong>the</strong>y call “carapau”.<br />

Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758) pargo<br />

Couch’s sea-bream, common sea<br />

bream, red porgy<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.1.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chrysophrys aurata by Drouët 1861b, Hilgendorf 1888b;<br />

C. auratus by Ramos 1869; Pagrus vulgaris by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Nobre 1924, 1930,<br />

Ribeiro 1936; Sparus pagrus by Wheeler 1978, Martins 1982b, INIP 1985b,c; Dias & Monteiro 1986,<br />

Silva 1986a,b, 1992, Dias 1991, Silva et al. 1994, Krug 1995.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Nobre<br />

1924º, 1930; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias et al.<br />

1976º; Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; INIP 1985bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro<br />

1986º; Silva 1986aº,b, 1992; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Dias 1991º; Dias &<br />

Cascalho 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Silva & Krug 1992º; DOP 1993º;<br />

Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Azevedo 1995; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Gonçalves<br />

et al. 1995º; Krug 1995; Serafim & Krug 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes<br />

1996º.<br />

Remarks: Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.1.1.) is reported for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Collins<br />

(1954) based on <strong>the</strong> citation <strong>of</strong> Chrysophrys aurata in Hilgendorf (1888b), which is in turn based in<br />

Drouët (1861b). It is almost certain that Drouët (1861b) originally used <strong>the</strong> name C. aurata to designate<br />

P. pagrus. He writes: "Cette <strong>da</strong>urade paraît connue sous le nom de “pargo”" (p. 132). “Pargo” is <strong>the</strong> local<br />

name <strong>of</strong> P. pagrus.<br />

Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) salema<br />

salema, saupe<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 139.9.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Boops salpa by Roule 1919; Box salpa by Drouët 1861b,<br />

Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Collett 1896a, Sampaio 1904, Lampe 1914, Nobre 1924, 1930, Ninni<br />

1933, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Lampe 1914; Roule 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Ninni 1933; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Martins 1982b; Harmelin-<br />

Vivien et al. 1985º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º;

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Clarke &<br />

Martins 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º; Isidro 1996.<br />

Centracanthi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 356- Centracanthi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Centracanthus cirrus Rafinesque, 1810 boqueirão<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 141.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Centracantus cirrus by Collins 1954; Smaris insidiator by<br />

Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul<br />

1976; Dooley et al. 1985; Shcherbachev et al. 1985.<br />

Mulli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 361- Mulli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 salmonete<br />

red mullet, red stripped mullet<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 138.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Mullus barbatus by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869,<br />

Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Roule 1919, Nobre 1924, 1930, Fowler 1936, Ribeiro 1936, Cadenat<br />

1937; Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; M. spp.. by Martins 1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Guimarães 1882º; Hilgendorf 1888b; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Lampe 1914; Roule 1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º;<br />

Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wheeler<br />

1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Martins 1982b; Chícharo<br />

& Teodósio 1990º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Nash et al. 1990º, 1994aº; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al.<br />

1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Santos<br />

& Nash 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 138.1.1.) is wrongly assumed by several authors<br />

to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> due to Drouët’s (1861b) record being repeated without verification.<br />

Kyphosi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 375- Kyphosi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier, 1831) patruça, preguiçosa, salema do<br />

Brasil<br />

yellow sea chub, yellow chumb<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 142.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Patzner et al. 1992º.<br />

Kyphosus sectator (Linnaeus, 1766) patruça, preguiçosa, salema do<br />

Brasil<br />

93

---

94<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Bermu<strong>da</strong> sea chub, Bermu<strong>da</strong> chub<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 142.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyphosus sectatrix by Albuquerque 1954-1956; Kyphosus<br />

sectatrix by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Santos et al. 1990b, Wirtz 1990b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º;<br />

Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º;<br />

Santos 1992a; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: At Dollabarat Bank, where <strong>the</strong> schools <strong>of</strong> Kyphosus are abun<strong>da</strong>nt, many colour variation were<br />

observed. We found individuals that were enterely yellow, o<strong>the</strong>rs with yellow head, while o<strong>the</strong>rs had<br />

only irregular yellow spots on <strong>the</strong> body.<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 389- Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier, 1830) castanheta preta<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 144.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Glyphidodon luridus by Hilgendorf 1888a,b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888aº,bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Willis & Wood 1974º;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº,bº, 1980º, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Edwards 1986º;<br />

Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990bº,dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº;<br />

Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Allen 1991; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos<br />

1992a; Santos & Barreiros 1993; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Edwards (1986) states that based on morphology and behaviour, Abudefduf luridus might not<br />

be an Abudefduf. He states that a new genus will be established for A. luridus by D.A. Henseley, J.K.<br />

Dooley & J. Van Tassel (in prep.). The species is temporarily placed in Abudefduf by Allen (1991), who<br />

also mentions that “it will eventually be assigned to a new genus”. The photograph <strong>of</strong> an adult A. luridus<br />

included in Allen (1991) was not taken in <strong>the</strong> Canary Islands, as mentioned <strong>the</strong>re, but in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Chromis limbata (Valenciennes, 1833) castanheta amarela<br />

<strong>da</strong>msel fish, <strong>Azores</strong> chromis<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 144.1.-. Species designation not considered in FNAM where it is referred for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> as Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 144.1.1.).<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chromis chromis by Fowler 1919, 1936, Cadenat 1937,<br />

Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Bauchot & Blanc 1961, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1966, Wood 1973, Mapstone<br />

& Wood 1974, 1975, Wood & Williams 1974, 1975, Williams & Wood 1974, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1977, Martins<br />

1982b; C. c. limbatus Arru<strong>da</strong> 1980a; C. limbatus by Wood 1977, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré<br />

1979a, 1990, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, Ré & Gomes 1982, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Heliases chromis by Hilgendorf 1888a,b,<br />

Nobre 1924, 1930; H. marginatus by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888aº,bº; Sampaio 1904º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1919º,<br />

1936º; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot & Blanc 1961; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1966,<br />

1980º; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Willis & Wood 1974º;<br />

Mapstone & Wood 1975º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Wood 1977º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1977º, 1980aº; Martins 1982b; Ré & Gomes 1982º; Edwards 1986º; Patzner & Santos 1990bº,dº, 1993º;

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Allen 1991; Azevedo et al. 1991º,<br />

1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º; Gonçalves et al.<br />

1995º.<br />

Labri<strong>da</strong>e 3<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 390- Labri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Acantholabrus palloni (Risso, 1810) bodião do alto<br />

scale-rayed wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Acantholabrax palloni by Shcherbachev et al. 1985;<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Quignard 1966; Maul 1976; Wheeler 1978; Dooley et al. 1985; Shcherbachev et al. 1985; Michel et al.<br />

1987; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Centrolabrus trutta (Lowe, 1833) bodião verde, maracoto<br />

emerald wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.3.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Acantholabrus romerus by Drouët 1861b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Hilgendorf 1888a,bº; Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936º; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Bauchot & Blanc 1961; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1979º, 1980bº; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Dooley et al. 1985; Patzner et al.<br />

1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Porteiro et<br />

al. 1996º.<br />

Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758) lambaz, peixe-rei<br />

rainbow wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coris gi<strong>of</strong>redi by Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1862, Regan 1903; C. julis<br />

melanura by Roule 1919; Julis azorensis by Fowler 1919; J. speciosa by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869; J.<br />

julis by Collett 1896a, Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1862º; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett<br />

1896aº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Vaillant 1919º; Roule 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Zugmayer<br />

1933º; Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Le Gall 1937b; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Quignard 1966; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Martins 1982b; Laurent<br />

3 Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 145.1.3.) was cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by several authors (Hilgendorf<br />

1888b, Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Michel et al. 1987, Patzner et al. 1990 and<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, as Labrus livens by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

was not confirmed, in recent years.<br />

Symphodus (Crenilabrus) melops (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 145.9.8.) is cited by Hilgendorf (1888a,b),<br />

Vaillant (1919), Fowler (1936), Albuquerque (1954-1956), Bini (1968), Michel et al. (1987), Chícharo &<br />

Teodósio (1990), Ré (1990) and Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was not<br />

confirmed in recent years.<br />

95

---

96<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

& Lejeune 1988; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al.<br />

1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº, 1995bº; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Isidro<br />

1996; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Regan (1903) cites both Coris julis and C. gi<strong>of</strong>redi.<br />

Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767 bodião vermelho<br />

ballan wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Labrus berggylta by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954; L.<br />

maculatus by Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Quignard 1966; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Dooley et<br />

al. 1985; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º,<br />

1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Gonçalves 1993; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º;<br />

Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 peixe rei do alto<br />

cuckoo wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Labrus mixtus by Guimarães 1882, Hilgendorf 1888b,<br />

Regan 1903, Wood & Williams 1974, Wood 1974, Wheeler 1978.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Guimarães 1882º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Fowler 1936º; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Quignard 1966; Wood & Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Wirtz 1994º; Porteiro et al.<br />

1996º.<br />

Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois scr<strong>of</strong>a (Valenciennes, 1839) gaio, peixe cão, viola<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.8.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bodianus scr<strong>of</strong>a by Dooley et al. 1985, Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992;<br />

B. speciosus by Martins 1982b; Cossyphus scr<strong>of</strong>a by Hilgendorf 1888b; Crenilabrus caninus by Collins<br />

1954; Diastodon speciosus by Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Wood & Williams 1974,<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, INIP 1985b, Dias 1991; Trochocopus<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a by Guimarães 1884.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Guimarães 1884º; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Ré<br />

1979aº; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; INIP 1985bº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º;<br />

Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos<br />

1992a; Gonçalves 1993; Azevedo 1995; Silva et al. 1995º; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Remarks: The presence <strong>of</strong> Bodianus speciosus (S. Bowdich, 1825) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 145.6.1.) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

has never been confirmed so all <strong>the</strong> citations to this species or its common synonyms (e.g. Diastodon<br />

speciosus) are considered misidentifications <strong>of</strong> Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois scr<strong>of</strong>a. Collins (1954), INIP (1985b)<br />

and Dias (1991) cite both species.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Symphodus (Crenilabrus) mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) costureira, abadejo<br />

axillary wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.9.6. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Crenilabrus mediterraneus by Vaillant 1919, Zugmayer<br />

1933, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956; C. (Symphodus) mediterraneus by Wood & Williams<br />

1974.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Quignard 1966; Collignon & Aloncle 1973; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Michel et al. 1987; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

et al. 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) rainha, bodeão, bodião, verdugo,<br />

torci<strong>da</strong><br />

ornate wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.10.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Julis pavo by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf<br />

1888b, Regan 1903, Vaillant 1919, Nobre 1924, 1930, Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Vaillant<br />

1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Quignard 1966; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985;<br />

Michel et al. 1987; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et<br />

al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º, 1995º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº, 1995bº; Van Tassel et al. 1994; Azevedo 1995;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Xyrichthys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) bodião <strong>da</strong> areia, peixe padre<br />

cleaver wrasse<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 145.11.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Novacula cultrata by Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903;<br />

Xyrichtys novacula by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Vaillant 1919º; Nobre 1924º, 1930;<br />

Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Quignard 1966; Bauchot & Blanc 1961; Dooley et<br />

al. 1985; Michel et al. 1987; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Porteiro et al. 1996º.<br />

Scari<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 392- Scari<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Sparisoma (Euscarus) cretense (Linnaeus, 1758) veja, véja<br />

parrotfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 146.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Euscarus cretensis by Schultz 1958, Bauchot & Blanc<br />

1961; Scarus cretensis by Hilgendorf 1888b, Regan 1903, Sampaio 1904, Lampe 1914; Roule 1919;<br />

Vaillant 1919, Ribeiro 1936; Sparisoma cretense by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

97

---

98<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

1956, Wood 1973; Wood & Williams 1974, Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Barreiros 1990, Patzner<br />

& Santos 1990c, Ré 1990, Santos et al. 1990b, 1994b, Wirtz 1990b, 1994, Azevedo 1995, Gonçalves et<br />

al. 1995, Isidro 1996; S. cretensis by Ré 1979a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Lampe 1914; Roule<br />

1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Schultz<br />

1958º; Bauchot & Blanc 1961; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien<br />

1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et al. 1985; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner<br />

1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990cº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Monteiro 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos<br />

1992a; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996º.<br />

Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 407- Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1863<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 150.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Chiasmodus niger by Murray & Hjort 1912.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Fowler 1936; Koefoed 1952º; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

Trachini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 418- Trachini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Echiichthys vipera (Cuvier, 1829) peixe aranha<br />

weever, lesser weever<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 148.1.4. & 148.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Trachinus vipera by Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904,<br />

Fowler 1936, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dooley et al. 1985.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dooley et al. 1985; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Nash & Santos<br />

1993º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Santos et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Tripterygii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 420- Tripterygii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Tripterygion delaisi delaisi Cadenat & Blache, 1971 caboz de três dorsais<br />

black-faced blenny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 166b.1.3.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Tripterigion delaisi by Azevedo 1995;Tripterigium delaisi<br />

by Azevedo et al. 1995; Tripterygion melanurum by Collett 1897; T. nasus by Roule & Angel 1920<br />

(larvae and post-larvae); T. tripteronotus by Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, T. xanthosoma by Wood & Williams 1974, Ré<br />

1979a; Tripterygium sp.. (larvae and post-larvae) by Roule & Angel 1930.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1897º; Roule & Angel 1920º, 1930; Wood & Williams 1974º;<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979a, 1990º; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner &

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Santos 1990cº,dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: The Tripterygi<strong>da</strong>e were cited for <strong>the</strong> first time for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Collett in 1897 as<br />

Tripterygium melanurum. T. melanurus Guichenot, 1845 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 166b.1.2.) does not occur in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. T. melanurum by Collett (1897) must be considered an early synonym <strong>of</strong> T. delaisi, not<br />

Tripterygion tripteronotus (Risso, 1810) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 166b.1.1.) as stated by Arru<strong>da</strong> (1992).<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 425- Blennii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 caboz ocelado<br />

butterfly blenny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Santos 1987º, 1992aº; Oliveira et al.<br />

1992º; DOP 1993º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Roule (1921) reports a specimen <strong>of</strong> an 8mm planktonic larvae <strong>of</strong> Blennius at Povoação (S.<br />

Miguel Island) which he was unable to identify to species, stating that it could ei<strong>the</strong>r be a Blennius<br />

ocellaris or a Blennius pholis.<br />

Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758) caboz de crista<br />

Montagu’s blenny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius galerita by Collett 1897; Salarias symplocos by<br />

Hilgendorf 1888a,b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888aº,bº; Collett 1897; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Bath 1977; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº; Ré 1979aº; Alma<strong>da</strong> et al. 1983º; Almei<strong>da</strong> &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1987, 1992aº; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner<br />

et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al.<br />

1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º; Alma<strong>da</strong> & Santos 1995º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Lipophrys pholis (Linnaeus, 1758) caboz gigante<br />

shanny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.1.4. & 164.1.13. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius pholis by Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979,<br />

Zander 1980, Barreiros 1990.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Zander 1980; Santos<br />

1987º, 1992aº; Alma<strong>da</strong> et al. 1990; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Azevedo et al. 1991º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos et al. 1988, 1994b, 1995c; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Remarks: Lipophrys pholis may reach more than 300mm TL in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Large sized individuals are<br />

also found at Madeira. In fact, this species was considered an endemic Madeirean species (Lowe 1843;<br />

Fowler 1936; Bath 1973), named Blennius bufo (= Pholis bufo Lowe 1843) but recent revisions<br />

considered this population a local race <strong>of</strong> L. pholis (Bath 1977; Zander 1986; Zander 1980). Fowler<br />

(1936) recorded an individual at 305mm TL. The individual sizes found at Madeira and <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

(Santos et al. 1988) are almost <strong>the</strong> double <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum individual sizes found in European<br />

populations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

99

---

100<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

See also remark included under Blennius ocellaris.<br />

Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836) caboz<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.1.19. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius trigloides by Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979,<br />

Zander 1980, Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983; Paralipophrys trigloides by Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Zander 1980;<br />

Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1987º, 1992aº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al.<br />

1990bº, 1994aº, 1995c; Azevedo et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º;<br />

Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1836) rói anzóis<br />

redlip blenny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.-.-. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Ophioblennius atlanticus by Ré 1990, Santos et al. 1990b;<br />

Rupiscastres sp.. by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien<br />

1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Ré & Almei<strong>da</strong> 1981º; Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1987º,<br />

1992aº, 1995aº,bº; Barreiros 1990º, 1995º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al.<br />

1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et<br />

al. 1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º, 1993º; Santos & Barreiros 1993º; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves<br />

et al. 1995º.<br />

Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968) caboz <strong>da</strong>s cracas<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.1.9. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius inaequalis by Nobre 1924, 1930, Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; B. incognitus by Wood & Williams 1974, Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983; B. verryckeni<br />

by Wood & Williams 1974.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nobre 1924º, 1930; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º;<br />

Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1987º, 1992aº, 1995aº; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos<br />

1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º; Alma<strong>da</strong> & Santos 1995º;<br />

Azevedo 1995.<br />

Remarks: Wood & Williams (1974) questionably recorded Blennius verryckeni and B. incognitus for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. Our studies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens collected by Wood & Williams (1974) in <strong>the</strong> NHM (London)<br />

showed that <strong>the</strong> authors misidentified <strong>the</strong> females <strong>of</strong> P. incognitus as B. verryckeni (see also Oliveira et<br />

al. 1992).<br />

Parablennius parvicornis (Valenciennes, 1836) caboz <strong>da</strong>s poças<br />

rock-pool blenny<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.1.11.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius palmicornis by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869; B.<br />

sanguinolentus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Collett 1896a, Regan 1903, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956, Zander 1980, Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983, Santos 1984, 1985a, 1985b, 1986, 1989, Santos<br />

& Alma<strong>da</strong> 1988, Barreiros 1990, Monteiro 1991, Gonçalves 1993; Parablennius sanguinolentus by Bath<br />

1982, Santos 1987, 1989, Santos et al. 1989, Chícharo & Teodósio 1990, Wirtz 1990b, Azevedo et al.<br />

1991, 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Taborsky 1994; Azevedo 1995; P. s. parvicornis by Santos 1992a, 1995, DOP<br />

1993, Santos & Barreiros 1993, Santos et al. 1994a, 1995b, 1996; Alma<strong>da</strong> & Santos 1995, Santos &<br />

Nash 1996; Pictiblennius sanguinolentus by Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979, 1980b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº; Zander 1979º, 1980; Bath 1982º,<br />

1990; Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1984º, 1985aº,bº, 1986º, 1987º, 1989º, 1992aº, 1995aº;<br />

Santos & Alma<strong>da</strong> 1988º; Santos et al. 1989º, 1994aº, 1995bº, 1996º; Barreiros 1990º; Chícharo &<br />

Teodósio 1990º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º;<br />

Monteiro 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º; Gonçalves 1993;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1993; Santos & Barreiros 1993º; Santos et al. 1994aº, 1995bº; Taborsky 1994; Alma<strong>da</strong><br />

& Santos 1995; Azevedo 1995; Santos & Nash 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Drouët (1861b: 134, 222) and Ramos (1869: 108) call this species “viúva”. As far as we know<br />

this common name is used only for Gaidropsarus guttatus. Since both species may be found in rock<br />

pools and are <strong>of</strong> similar shape and colour, it is possible that <strong>the</strong> same name was used for both species or<br />

that <strong>the</strong> authors confused <strong>the</strong> vernacular names. Azevedo et al. (1992) cite both Parablennius<br />

parvicornis and P. sanguinolentus as if <strong>the</strong> two species occurred in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Parablennius ruber (Valenciennes, 1836) caboz Português<br />

[Portuguese blenny]<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.6.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius gattorugine by Regan 1903, Collins 1954,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; B. ruber Almei<strong>da</strong> 1982, Almei<strong>da</strong> & Harmelin-Vivien 1983; B. sp.. nov. 1 by<br />

Wood & Williams 1974, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979, 1980b; Parablennius gattorugine by Chícharo & Teodósio 1990.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams<br />

1974º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº; Almei<strong>da</strong> 1982º; Almei<strong>da</strong><br />

& Harmelin-Vivien 1983º; Santos 1987º, 1992aº; Chícharo & Teodósio 1990º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner et<br />

al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº, 1995c; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º;<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Oliveira et al. 1992º; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 427- Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Apletodon n. sp. H<strong>of</strong>richter & Patzner, in press peixe ventosa <strong>dos</strong> ouriços<br />

[sea-urchin clingfish]<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 208.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Diplecogaster bimaculata by Wirtz 1994; D. b. pectoralis<br />

by Patzner et al. 1990, 1992, 1993; Azevedo et al. 1991, 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992, Patzner<br />

& Santos 1992, Santos 1992a, ICN 1993, Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c.<br />

101

---

102<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º, 1993º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Patzner & Santos 1992º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º, 1993º; Santos 1992a;<br />

Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c;Wirtz 1994º; Azevedo 1995; H<strong>of</strong>richter & Patzner in pressº.<br />

Remarks: See remarks below, under Diplecogaster bimaculata.<br />

Apletodon pellegrini (Chabanaud, 1925) peixe ventosa<br />

clingfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 208.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species at <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is only known from one specimen (DOP 172)<br />

collected, at 6m depth, in Horta Harbour in July 1992 by Barbara Loidl and RSS. Identification was<br />

made by Dr. John Briggs. Video recordings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> live animal are deposited at DOP. More recently RSS<br />

photographed an individual, which was not collected, at Graciosa Island (DOP ROT-S8: 13-15).<br />

Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788) peixe ventosa<br />

two-spotted clingfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 208.2.1.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888a,b) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Lepadogaster bimaculata in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

based on a 15mm pelagic fish but no description is given. This served for subsequent secon<strong>da</strong>ry citations<br />

by Collett (1897), Guitel (1904), Fage (1935), Fowler (1936), Collins (1954) and Albuquerque (1954-<br />

1956). Fowler (1936) referred a specimen (as Lepadogaster bimacula) obtained by Olivia Dabney at<br />

Faial (<strong>Azores</strong>) and deposited in <strong>the</strong> MCZ. Briggs (1955) described a 13,1mm specimen (IOM: not<br />

numbered; station 882) caught at 38º03’40’’N, 28º34’45’’W, and he states that Guitel’s, Fowler’s and<br />

his own specimen belonged to a new subspecies: Diplecogaster bimaculata pectoralis Briggs, 1955<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 208.2.1.2). The correct allocation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens cited by Guitel (1919), Fowler (1936) and<br />

Briggs (1955) is in need <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r verification (R. Patzner pers. com.). Roule & Angel’s (1921) record <strong>of</strong><br />

L. bimaculata based on a 17mm specimen caught at 98 m is probably a Diplecogaster bimaculata but, no<br />

description is given. There is no indication that Apletodon n. sp. lives that deep. During <strong>the</strong> Expedition<br />

<strong>Azores</strong>’89 several specimens <strong>of</strong> Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e were caught (see Patzner et al. 1990, 1992). One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />

was caught at 13 m depth over muddy bottom while all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs were caught, associated with sea<br />

urchins, over rocky substrata (Patzner & Santos 1992). Both species were ra<strong>the</strong>r different and <strong>the</strong> first<br />

one had two distinct large red spots at each side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body. Patzner et al. (1992) identified <strong>the</strong> latter and<br />

most abun<strong>da</strong>nt species, as D. b. pectoralis. The specimens are being described as new species Apletodon<br />

n. sp. (see H<strong>of</strong>richter & Patzner in press). The single specimen was not identified with certainty by <strong>the</strong><br />

authors but it is here confirmed as D. bimaculata.<br />

Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 428- Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Foetorepus phaeton (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1861)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 163a.3.1. & 163a.1.4. In Cl<strong>of</strong>nam this species was allocated to <strong>the</strong> genus<br />

Callionymus, and in FNAM to <strong>the</strong> genus Synchiropus. Genus not included in FNAM.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Callyonimus phaeton by Vaillant 1888, Goode & Bean<br />

1895, Brauer 1906, Roule & Angel 1921; Synchiropus phaeton by Ehrich 1977; Fricke 1981; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º; Goode & Bean 1895; Brauer 1906; Roule & Angel 1921;<br />

Ehrich 1977; Fricke 1981; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The genus is considered to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Nakabo (1982). We follow his<br />

nomenclature. This species has been collected and photographed recently on several occasions (e.g. DOP<br />

CD 5: 46).<br />

Gobii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 433- Gobii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 bochecha, caboz, joana<br />

rock goby<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 162.1.9.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bathygobius paganellus by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954;<br />

Gobius niger by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904, Nobre 1924, 1930,<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;G. (Gobius) niger by Albuquerque 1954-1956; G. maderensis by Regan 1903; G.<br />

(Macrogobius) paganellus by Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888a,bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Nobre 1924º, 1930; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams<br />

1974º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1979º, 1980bº; Miller 1984º; Azevedo et al. 1990, 1991º, 1992º, 1995º; Patzner 1990º;<br />

Patzner & Santos 1990aº,cº,eº, 1993º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº,b; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992aº; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves<br />

et al. 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Hilgendorf (1888b) reports both Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 162.1.1.) and G.<br />

paganellus. The record <strong>of</strong> G. paganellus is based on his own observations, while G. niger is based on<br />

Drouët (1861b). Albuquerque (1954-1956) also includes both species. Since P. niger is not known to<br />

occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> we believe that <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> G. niger were misidentifications <strong>of</strong> G. paganellus.<br />

Sampaio (1904) also cites Gobius lota, which is a synonym <strong>of</strong> Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas,<br />

1811) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 126.26.1), a species which does not occurs in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Pomatoschistus pictus (Malm, 1865) góbio <strong>da</strong> areia<br />

painted goby<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 162.21.7. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Patzner & Santos 1990aº,cº,eº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Ré 1990º; Santos<br />

et al. 1990bº; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Nash et al. 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP<br />

1993º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Thorogobius ephippiatus (Lowe, 1839) bochecha pinta<strong>da</strong><br />

leopard-spotted goby<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 162.24.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Azevedo et al.<br />

1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990aº,cº,eº; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Santos 1992a;<br />

DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995; Barreiros 1995º; Gonçalves et al. 1995º.<br />

103

---

104<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Luvari<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 442- Luvari<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 boquinho, peixe sol<br />

louvar<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 159.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Luvaris imperialis by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1924º, 1930º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Wheeler 1978.<br />

Scombrolabraci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 445- Scombrolabraci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Scombrolabrax heterolepis Roule, 1922<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 154.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (242mm SL) was caught on 10 April, 1994, south <strong>of</strong> São Mateus, Terceira<br />

Island, by <strong>the</strong> F/V “Casmar” on long line at 600m (DOP 358).<br />

Sphyraeni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 446- Sphyraeni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, 1829 bicu<strong>da</strong><br />

yellowmouth barracu<strong>da</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 180.1.3. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Sphyraena sp.. by Azevedo et al. 1992; S. vulgaris by<br />

Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Sampaio 1904; Zugmayer 1933, Ribeiro 1936; S.<br />

sphyraena by Collett 1896a, Fowler 1936, Cadenat 1937, Collins 1954, Wood 1973, Wood & Williams<br />

1974, Ré 1979a, 1990, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, Martins 1982b, Dooley et al. 1985, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> et al.<br />

1992; Isidro 1996, Menezes 1996.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Sampaio<br />

1904º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler 1936º; Ribeiro 1936; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º, 1995º; Martins 1982b;<br />

Dooley et al. 1985; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al.<br />

1992º; Azevedo et al. 1992º; Santos et al. 1994b, 1995c; Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996º; Menezes<br />

1996º.<br />

Remarks: Sphyraeni<strong>da</strong>e in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> have been traditionally identified as Sphyraena sphyraena<br />

(Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 180.1.1) but all <strong>the</strong> specimens that we have ever observed belongs to S.<br />

viridensis and we believe that it is <strong>the</strong> only species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The records <strong>of</strong> S. sphyraena for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> are here considered as misidentifications <strong>of</strong> S. viridensis.<br />

Clarke (1956) refers to <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Sphyraena sp.. in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> a sperm whale caught in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> on <strong>the</strong> 21 July, 1949.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Gempyli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 447- Gempyli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829 escolar<br />

snake mackerel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 153.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1880º; Nakamura & Parin 1993.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (DOP 18) caught by R/V “Arquipélago” on <strong>the</strong> 7 September, 1991 (CodFra 91)<br />

about 50 to 60miles south <strong>of</strong> Pico Island. Nakamura & Parin (1993) show <strong>the</strong> species occurring in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> on a general map.<br />

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1849) escolar<br />

escolar<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 153.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Nakamura & Parin 1993; Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Remarks: The first confirmed specimen (124cm SL; 38kg TW) was caught by F/V “Avis” on 22<br />

September, 1992 on a swordfish long line. The specimen was photographed (DOP CD 5/56-65).<br />

Nakamura & Parin (1993) show <strong>the</strong> species occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> on a general map.<br />

Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson, 1862 escolar<br />

Johnson’s scabbardfish, black<br />

gemfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 153.5.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (102cm SL) was caught at 38º35’63’’N, 28º17’52’’W by F/V “Pérola do Faial”<br />

(coll. M. Serpa) at around 1200m. Ano<strong>the</strong>r specimen was caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial, July 1992 (no fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>da</strong>ta).<br />

The specimen was photographed (DOP CD 5/67-71). The species is caught occasionally on bottom long<br />

lines.<br />

Promethichthys prome<strong>the</strong>us (Cuvier, 1832) coelho do alto, peixe coelho<br />

rabbit-fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 153.6.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Santos et al. 1994b.<br />

Remarks: Collins record (1954) is based on <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> a specimen at Horta museum. We have<br />

observed Promethichthys prometeus on several occasions in landings at Horta Harbour, Faial Island.<br />

Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1829 escolar<br />

oilfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 153.7.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Thyrsites pretiosus by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sampaio 1904º; Collins 1954; Wheeler 1978; Martins 1982b; Santos et al.<br />

1994b, 1995c.<br />

Remarks: We have observed Ruvettus pretiosus on a few occasions in landings at Horta Harbour, Faial<br />

Island. The species has commercial value.<br />

105

---

106<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Trichiuri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 448- Trichiuri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 peixe espa<strong>da</strong> preto<br />

black scabbard fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 155.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wheeler 1978; INIP 1985bº; Martins & Cascalho 1990; Dias 1991º;<br />

Monteiro 1991º; Nakamura & Parin 1993; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Benthodesmus simonyi (Stein<strong>da</strong>chner, 1891) peixe espa<strong>da</strong><br />

frostfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 155.3.-. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Benthodesmus elongatus simonyi by Silva et al. 1995;<br />

Menezes 1996.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: In FNAM this species is considered a sub-species <strong>of</strong> Benthodesmus elongatus (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam:<br />

155.3.1.2.) but Nakamura & Parin (1993) consider that both B. elongatus and B. simonyi are valid<br />

species.<br />

Lepidopus cau<strong>da</strong>tus (Euphrasen, 1788) peixe espa<strong>da</strong> branco, talabarte<br />

scabbardfish, silver scabbard fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 155.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lepidopus argenteus by Roule 1919; L. lusitanicus by<br />

Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Roule<br />

1919º; Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Wood 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º, 1990º; Ehrich 1977; Martins 1982aº,b; INIP<br />

1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro 1986º; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Nakamura & Parin 1993; Krug 1995;<br />

Silva et al. 1994º, 1995º; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Clarke et al. 1995º; Pinho & Pereira 1995aº; Silva<br />

1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Isidro 1996; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Scombri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 449- Scombri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) cavala <strong>da</strong> índia<br />

wahoo<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 158.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1937aº; Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.<br />

Remarks: Ferreira (1937a) described and photographed <strong>of</strong> a 133cm specimen caught between Pico and<br />

Faial in October, 1931 which is noted by him as Acanthocybium solandri n. sp.<br />

Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810) judeu<br />

frigate mackerel, bullet tuna, bullet<br />

mackerel

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Ausis bisus by Nobre 1924, 1930, Ferreira 1937a; A.<br />

thazard by Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias & Barraca 1971.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nobre 1924º, 1930; Ferreira 1937a; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Dias & Barraca 1971; Wheeler 1978; Collette & Aadland 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Sampaio (1904) and, following him, Ribeiro (1936) included this species in <strong>the</strong>ir lists.<br />

According to Sampaio (1904), who calls this species “serra”, it occurs in great abun<strong>da</strong>nce in <strong>the</strong> summer,<br />

close to Vila <strong>da</strong> Praia. This is, almost certainly, a misidentification <strong>of</strong> Sar<strong>da</strong> sar<strong>da</strong>. Collette & Aadland<br />

(1996) have recently differenciated two Auxis rochei subspecies: Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Atlantic and Auxis rochei eudorax <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern Pacific.<br />

According to Collette & Aadland (1996) <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> Auxis rochei rochei and Auxis thazard<br />

thazard (Lacepède, 1800) partially overlap in <strong>the</strong> eastern (south <strong>of</strong> Ghana) and western Atlantic, in <strong>the</strong><br />

Indian, and in <strong>the</strong> western and central Pacific Oceans.<br />

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) bonito, gaiado<br />

oceanic bonito, skipjack tuna<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.3.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Euthynnus pelamis by Fowler 1936, Wheeler 1978; E.<br />

(Katsuwonus) pelamis by Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias & Barraca 1971, Martins 1982b; Thinnus<br />

pelamis by Sampaio 1904, Ribeiro 1936; Thunnus pelamys by Ferreira 1932, 1937a; Thynnus pelamys<br />

by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Ferreira<br />

1932º, 1937a; Fowler 1936; Ribeiro 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias & Barraca 1971;<br />

Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; Pereira 1982a,b, 1983bº, 1992aº,d, 1994aº,<br />

1995º; Collette & Nauen 1983; Bard 1986; Monteiro 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Silva 1992; Santos et al.<br />

1994bº; Pinho & Pereira 1995a,b; Pinho et al. 1995; Isidro 1996.<br />

Sar<strong>da</strong> sar<strong>da</strong> (Bloch, 1793) serra<br />

bonito, Atlantic bonito<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 158.4.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pelamys sar<strong>da</strong> by Hilgendorf 1888b, Richard 1905b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Richard 1905b; Fowler 1936; Ferreira 1937a; Collins<br />

1954; Collett & Chao 1975; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº; Martins<br />

1982b; Rey et al. 1984; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Wirtz 1990bº, 1991º, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha<br />

1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº; Isidro 1996.<br />

Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 cavala<br />

Spanish mackerel, chub mackerel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 156.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Scomber pneumatophorus by Hilgendorf 1888b; S. colias<br />

by Drouët 1861b, Ramos 1869, Hilgendorf 1888b, Collett 1896a, Regan 1903, Ferreira 1937a; Fowler<br />

1919, Roule 1919, Cadenat 1937, Collins 1954; S. (Pneumatophorus) japonicus by Martins 1982b, INIP<br />

1985a,b,c, Dias & Monteiro 1986.<br />

107

---

108<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861b; Ramos 1869; Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan<br />

1903º; Ferreira 1937aº; Fowler 1919º; Roule 1919º; Cadenat 1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Martins 1982b; INIP 1985aº,bº,cº; Dias & Monteiro<br />

1986º; Isidro 1988, 1990aº,bº; Dias 1991º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Pereira 1992dº, 1995º; Silva 1992; Santos et al.<br />

1994b; Pinho et al. 1995º; Silva & Menezes 1995aº,bº; Silva et al. 1995º; Isidro 1996º; Menezes 1996º;<br />

Monteiro 1996º; Monteiro et al. 1996bº.<br />

Remarks: Azorean mackerels are cited as S. (Scomber) scombrus by INIP (1985b) and Dias & Monteiro<br />

(1986), as S. scombrus by Drouët (1861b), Ramos (1869), Sampaio (1904), Ribeiro (1936) and Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

(1992) and as S. scomber by Hilgendorf (1888b), Nobre (1924, 1930) and Ferreira (1937a). However, we<br />

have serious reservations regarding <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> S. scombrus in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Fowler (1936),<br />

Albuquerque (1954-1956) and Dias (1991) cite both species. Ferreira (1937a) apparently correctly<br />

distinguishes both species by <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spines in <strong>the</strong> first dorsal fin. Ramos (1869) and Ferreira<br />

(1937a) give two different common names to <strong>the</strong> Scomber species: “cavalla” for S. scombrus and<br />

“cavalla meirinha” for S. colias (= S. japonicus). We never seen S. scomber in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) voador<br />

long-fin tunny, albacore<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Germo alalonga by Ferreira 1932, 1940; G. alalunga by<br />

Fowler 1936, Cadenat 1937, Dias & Barraca 1971; Thunnus (Germo) alalunga by Martins 1982b; T.<br />

(Thunnus) alalunga by Albuquerque 1954; Thynnus alaloaga by Richard 1900, Gain 1913; T. alalunga<br />

by Clarke 1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Richard 1900º; Gain 1913º; Ferreira 1932º, 1940; Fowler 1936; Cadenat<br />

1937º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Clarke 1956º; Dias & Barraca 1971; Wheeler 1978;<br />

Bauchot & Pras 1980; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981; Garcez 1982; Martins 1982b; Pereira 1982aº,b,<br />

1983bº, 1992aº,d, 1994aº, 1995º; Collette & Nauen 1983; Bard 1986; Monteiro 1991º; Morin 1992;<br />

Silva 1992; Pinho & Pereira 1995a,b; Pinho et al. 1995; Isidro 1996.<br />

Remarks: The record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species by Clarke (1956) was based on a “mostly digested head and<br />

fragments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> backbone” found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> a sperm whale caught in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> on 10 August,<br />

1949.<br />

Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) albacora, alvacor, galha à ré, peixe<br />

de galha à ré<br />

yellow-fin tunny, yellowfin tuna<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.1.3.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Neothunnus albacora by Frade 1931b,c, 1960, Ferreira<br />

1932, 1937a, 1940; Dias & Barraca 1971; Orcynus albacora by Nobre 1935; Thunnus (Neothunnus)<br />

albacares by Martins 1982b; T. (Neothunnus) albacora by Albuquerque 1954-1956; T. argentivittatus<br />

by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Frade 1931b,cº, 1960º; Ferreira 1932º, 1937a, 1940; Nobre 1935; Collins<br />

1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Parin 1970; Dias & Barraca 1971; Wheeler 1978; Muzavor & Westhaus<br />

1981; Martins 1982b; Pereira 1982a,b, 1983bº, 1986bº, 1992d, 1995º; Collette & Nauen 1983; Bard<br />

1986; Pinho & Pereira 1995a; Pinho et al. 1995; Isidro 1996.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) albacora, alvacora, alvacor, patudo,<br />

big-eye tunny, bigeye tuna<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.1.4.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Parathunnus obesus by Frade 1929, 1931a,c, 1960<br />

Ferreira 1932, 1937a, 1940 Dias & Barraca 1971; Thunnus (Parathunnus) obesus by Collins 1954,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956, Martins 1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Frade 1929º, 1931a,cº, 1960º; Ferreira 1932º, 1937a, 1940; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dias & Barraca 1971; Collignon & Aloncle 1973; Muzavor & Westhaus 1981;<br />

Garcez 1982; Martins 1982b; Pereira 1982a,b, 1983bº, 1985a,bº, 1987a, 1989aº, 1992aº,d, 1994aº,<br />

1995º; Collette & Nauen 1983; Bard 1986; Silva 1992; Clarke & Martins 1995º; Pinho & Pereira<br />

1995a,b; Pinho et al. 1995; Isidro 1996.<br />

Thunnus thynnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) albacora, alvacor, rabão, rabilo<br />

blue-fin tunny, Atlantic bluefin tuna,<br />

blue fin tuna<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 157.1.1.<br />

Synonym: Thinnus brachypterus by Sampaio 1904; Thynnus thynnus by Drouët 1861b, Hilgendorf<br />

1888b; Thunnus thynnus Heldt 1931; Frade 1929, 1931c, 1960; Ferreira 1932, 1937a, 1940, Fowler<br />

1936, Poll 1947, Collins 1954, Dias & Barraca 1971, Wheeler 1978, Garcez 1982, Pereira 1982a,b,<br />

1983b, 1987a, 1995; Collette & Nauen 1983, Cort & Rey 1984, Bard 1986, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Isidro 1996; T.<br />

(Thunnus) thynnus by Albuquerque 1954-1956, Martins 1982b.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Drouët 1861bº; Hilgendorf 1888b; Sampaio 1904º; Heldt 1931; Frade 1929º,<br />

1931c, 1960; Ferreira 1932º, 1937a, 1940; Fowler 1936; Poll 1947; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956; Dias & Barraca 1971; Wheeler 1978; Garcez 1982; Martins 1982b; Pereira 1982a,b, 1983bº,<br />

1987aº, 1992d, 1995º; Collette & Nauen 1983; Cort & Rey 1984; Bard 1986; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Pinho &<br />

Pereira 1995a; Pinho et al. 1995; Isidro 1996.<br />

Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 450- Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1801 espadim azul<br />

blue marlin<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 160.2.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ueyanagi et al. 1970º; Nakamura 1985.<br />

Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860 espadim branco<br />

white marlin<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 160.3.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ueyanagi et al. 1970º; Nakamura 1985.<br />

Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins & de Sylva, 1963<br />

longbill spearfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 160.3.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ueyanagi et al. 1970º; Nakamura 1985.<br />

109

---

110<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Xiphias gladiusLinnaeus, 1758 agulhão, espa<strong>da</strong>rte<br />

swordfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 161.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sampaio 1904º; Ribeiro 1936º; Ferreira 1937a; Collins 1954; Parin 1970;<br />

Ueyanagi et al. 1970º; Wheeler 1978; Palko et al. 1981; Martins 1982b; Rey 1984; Nakamura 1985;<br />

Bard 1987; Rey 1987; Monteiro & Lopes 1990º; Monteiro 1991º; Silva 1992; Clarke & Martins 1995º;<br />

Clarke et al. 1995º; Esteves et al. 1995º; Pinho & Pereira 1995aº; Simões & Silva 1995º; Isidro 1996;<br />

Menezes 1996; Smale 1996.<br />

Centrolophi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 452- Centrolophi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)<br />

blackfish, black ruff<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 176.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Centrolophus pompilus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Cligny 1905,<br />

Guiart 1935, Le Gall 1937a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Regan 1903º; Cligny 1905; Guiart 1935;<br />

Fowler 1936; Le Gall 1937a; Poll 1947; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Parin 1970; Bauchot &<br />

Pras 1980; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The specimen recorded by Collett (1896a), as Centrolophus pompilus, was caught slightly<br />

outside <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ at 39º56’10’’N, 36º20’15’’W.<br />

Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill, 1818)<br />

barrelfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 176.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lirus perciformes by Murray & Hjort 1912; Mupos<br />

perciformis by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Murray & Hjort 1912º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Schedophilus medusophagus Cocco, 1839<br />

cornish blackfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 176.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Haedrich 1964º; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: The record <strong>of</strong> this species from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, as Lirus medusophagus, by Albuquerque (1954-<br />

1956) is based in Fowler (1936) and Collett (1896a) whose reported specimens clearly caught outside <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> region. The specimens referred by Haedrich (1964) were post-larvae found in <strong>the</strong> stomachs <strong>of</strong><br />

Alepisaurus ferox. An adult specimen (380mm TL) was caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island in 1993 and drawn by Les<br />

Gallagher. The specimen was not preserved.<br />

Schedophilus ovalis (Cuvier, 1833) choupa<br />

imperial blackfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 176.3.2.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lirus Bennetti by Collett 1896a; L. ovalis by Murray &<br />

Hjort 1912, Albuquerque 1954-1956; Mupus ovalis by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Murray & Hjort 1912º; Fowler 1936; Barnard 1948;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dooley et al. 1985; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Pinho & Pereira 1995bº; Silva et al. 1995º;<br />

Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: Valenciennes (1833) refers to a specimen as Centrolophus crassus caught 125miles west <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Nomei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 453- Nomei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cubiceps gracilis Lowe, 1843<br />

longfin cigarfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 177.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Aphareus obtusirostris by Borodin 1931.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1889º; Borodin 1931º; Fowler 1936º; Koefoed 1952º; Collins 1954;<br />

Haedrich 1964º, 1967; Bauchot & Pras 1980; Agafonova & Kukuyev 1990º.<br />

Remarks: Albuquerque’s Azorian record (1954-1956) is not valid, since it is based on two specimens<br />

found in <strong>the</strong> stomach <strong>of</strong> a Thunnus alalunga and described by Collett (1896a) far from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

(44º01’26’’N, 15º31’W).<br />

Psenes maculatus Lütken, 1880<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 177.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lütken 1880º; Haedrich 1967º.<br />

Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 455- Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

silver driftfish<br />

Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso, 1810<br />

smalleye squaretail<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 178.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Borodin 1931º; Grey 1955º; Janssen & Harbison 1981º.<br />

111

---

112<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Order PLEURONECTIFORMES 4<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e 5<br />

Order 56- Pleuronectiformes. Family 465- Bothi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Arnoglossus rueppelli (Cocco, 1844)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 196.2.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Arnoglossus Rüppeli by Kyle 1913, Bertin 1932, 1936;<br />

Dollfusina rueppelli by Chabanaud 1932.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Kyle 1913º; Bertin 1932º, 1936º; Chabanaud 1932; Albuquerque 1954-<br />

1956.<br />

Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s maderensis (Lowe, 1834) solha<br />

wide-eyed flounder<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 196.1.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Bothus mancus by Vaillant 1919; B. po<strong>da</strong>s by Vaillant<br />

1919, Norman 1934, Cadenat 1937, Chabanaud 1939, Collins 1954, Albuquerque 1954-1956, Ré 1979a,<br />

1990, Barreiros 1990, Nash et al. 1990, 1991, Santos et al. 1990b, Wirtz 1990b, 1994, Santos 1992a,<br />

DOP 1993, Santos & Nash 1995; Platophrys mancus by Lampe 1914; P. po<strong>da</strong>s by Collett 1896a, Fowler<br />

1936; Rhomboidichthys mancus by Hilgendorf 1888b; R. po<strong>da</strong>s by Nobre 1924, 1930, Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Collett 1896aº; Kyle 1913; Lampe 1914; Vaillant 1919º;<br />

Nobre 1924º, 1930; Zugmayer 1933º; Norman 1934; Fowler 1936º; Cadenat 1937º; Chabanaud 1939;<br />

Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood & Williams 1974º; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º;<br />

Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Barreiros 1990º; Nash et al. 1990º, 1991º, 1994aº,bº; Patzner & Santos 1990aº,eº;<br />

Patzner 1990º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo<br />

et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

4 Sampaio (1904), Ribeiro (1936) and Collins (1954) cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758<br />

(Family 469- Pleuronecti<strong>da</strong>e) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 197.1.1.) and Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806 (Family 472- Solei<strong>da</strong>e)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 198.1.1.) -as Pleuronectes solea in Sampaio (1904) and as Solea solea in Collins (1954). This two<br />

species do not occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Collett (1896a) describes a Pleuronectiform post-larvae (“Charybdia Rüppelii”) with 25 mm total length,<br />

caught at st. 212 (south <strong>of</strong> Flores), which could be, according to <strong>the</strong> author, an Arnoglossus or a<br />

Lepidorhombus.<br />

5 Based on a original record by Lampe (1914), both Fowler (1936) and Collins (1954) cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

species Syacium micrurum Ranzani, 1840 -in Lampe, 1914 as Hemirhombus aramaca- (Family 468-<br />

Paralichthyi<strong>da</strong>e). The citation for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> must have been based on a partial mislabelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original<br />

material. The locality Porto Grande, São Vicente is not in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but in <strong>the</strong> Cape Verde archipelago.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Scophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 56- Pleuronectiformes. Family 467- Scophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792) areeiro, solha <strong>da</strong> fundura<br />

megrim<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 195.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lepidorhombus megastoma by Goode & Bean 1895; L.<br />

whiff-iagonis by Fowler 1936; Pleuronectes megastoma by Vaillant 1888, 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1888º, 1919º; Goode & Bean 1895º; Cligny 1905; Norman 1934;<br />

Fowler 1936; Chabanaud 1939; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Nash et al. 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992;<br />

DOP 1993º; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Cynoglossi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 56- Pleuronectiformes. Family 473- Cynoglossi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810<br />

spotted tonguesole<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 199.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Symphurus lactea by Kyle 1913; S. lacteus by Chabanaud<br />

1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Brauer 1906; Kyle 1913; Norman 1930; Chabanaud 1933,<br />

1950º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Munroe 1990; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Nash et al. 1991; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; DOP 1993º; Azevedo 1995.<br />

Order TETRAODONTIFORMES<br />

Balisti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 476- Balisti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Balistes carolinensis Gmelin, 1789 peixe porco<br />

triggerfish, grey triggerfish, gray<br />

triggerfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 201.1.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Balistes capriscus by Hilgendorf 1888b, Bauchot 1967,<br />

Dooley et al. 1985; B. (Capriscus) carolinensis by Albuquerque 1954-1956, Dias et al. 1976.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Bauchot 1967; Wood 1973º; Wood & Williams 1974º; Dias et al. 1976º; Wheeler 1978; Harmelin &<br />

Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1995º; Martins 1982b; Dooley et<br />

al. 1985; Sazonov & Galaktionova 1987º; Patzner et al. 1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº; Wirtz<br />

1990bº, 1994º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; Gonçalves 1993; Azevedo 1995;<br />

Gonçalves et al. 1995º; Pinho & Pereira 1995bº; Silva & Menezes 1995bº; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch, 1786) peixe porco<br />

triggerfish, rough triggerfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 201.-.-. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

113

---

114<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (237mm TL) was speared by Vitor Rosa on 27 December, 1993 close to Faial<br />

Island (DOP 360), amongst a school <strong>of</strong> Balistes carolinensis. Two o<strong>the</strong>rs specimens (250-277mm TL)<br />

were caught on 15 October, 1993 in Horta Harbour, Faial Island by Vitor Rosa (DOP 359) and Vitor<br />

Cavalinha (DOP 339).<br />

Monacanthi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 477- Monacanthi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Aluterus monocerus (Linnaeus, 1758) peixe porco<br />

triggerfish, unicorn filefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 202.-.-. Genus not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: One specimen (423mm SL) was speared by Vitor Rosa on 8 May, 1992 close to Faial Island,<br />

amongst a school <strong>of</strong> Balistes carolinensis. (DOP 361; DOP CD 6/1-4). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in<br />

Faial is also mentioned in <strong>the</strong> correspondence between B. Collins and G. E. Maul (Maul in litt. to Collins<br />

14 February, 1955/ 28 December, 1955; Collins in litt. to Maul 5 March, 1955/ 28 May, 1955/ 10<br />

November, 1955).<br />

Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus, 1766) peixe porco<br />

triggerfish, planehead filefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 202.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Two specimens (130-161mm SL) caught by rod and reel and SCUBA diving by Humberto<br />

Rodrigues and Vitor Rosa between 4 and 8 October, 1990 in Horta Harbour, Faial Island (DOP 340,<br />

343; DOP CD 6/11-14).<br />

Ostracii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 478- Ostracii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Acanthostracion notacanthus (Bleeker, 1863)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 203.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lactophrys notacanthus by Fowler 1919; L. tricornis by<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Ostracion tricornis by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Klassen 1995.<br />

Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 480- Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Canthigaster rostrata (Bloch, 1786)<br />

sharpnose puffer<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 205.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Azevedo & Heemstra 1995º.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Lagocephalus lagocephalus(Linnaeus, 1758) peixe balão<br />

pufferfish, oceanic puffer<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 204.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Tetrodon lagocephalus by Vaillant 1919.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Shipp<br />

1974º; Wheeler 1978.<br />

Sphoeroides marmoratus (Lowe, 1839) peixe-balão, sopapo, sapo<br />

Guinean pufferfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 204.3.1. Species designation not included in FNAM where it appears cited for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> as Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1792).<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Sphoeroides spengleri by Fowler 1936, Collins 1954,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956, Wood 1973; Mapstone & Wood 1974, 1975, Wood & Williams 1974,<br />

Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979, Ré 1979a, 1990, Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980, Dooley et al. 1985, Barreiros 1990,<br />

Patzner 1990, Patzner & Santos 1990d, 1993, Patzner et al. 1990, 1992, Santos et al. 1990b, Wirtz<br />

1990b, Azevedo et al. 1991, 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992, Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992, Santos 1992a, DOP 1993;<br />

Tetraodon marmoratus by Sampaio 1904; Tetrodon spengleri by Regan 1903, Hilgendorf 1888b;<br />

Zugmayer 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Regan 1903º; Sampaio 1904º; Zugmayer 1933º; Fowler<br />

1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wood 1973º; Mapstone & Wood 1974º, 1975º; Wood &<br />

Williams 1974º; Shipp 1974; Harmelin & Harmelin-Vivien 1979º; Ré 1979aº, 1990º; Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1980º;<br />

Dooley et al. 1985; Barreiros 1990º; Patzner 1990º; Patzner & Santos 1990dº, 1993º; Patzner et al.<br />

1990º, 1992º; Santos et al. 1990bº, 1994aº; Wirtz 1990bº, 1994º; Azevedo et al. 1991º, 1992º; Arru<strong>da</strong><br />

1992; Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. 1992º; Santos 1992a; DOP 1993º; Nash et al. 1994aº; Azevedo 1995; Gonçalves et<br />

al. 1995º; Santos & Nash 1995º.<br />

Remarks: The species is confused with Sphoeroides spengleri in FNAM. S. spengleri is a valid western<br />

Atlantic species.<br />

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) peixe balão, sapo do alto<br />

smooth pufferfish, blun<strong>the</strong>ad puffer<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 204.3.2. Species designation not included in FNAM where it appears cited for <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> as Sphoeroides cutaneus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1870).<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Liosaccus cutaneus by Fowler 1919, 1936, Albuquerque<br />

1954-1956; Sphoeroides cutaneus by Collins 1954, Calvário et al. 1980, Brito 1983, Dooley et al. 1985,<br />

Vacchi 1986; Tetrodon cutaneus by Barnard 1927.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Collins 1954; Barnard 1927; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Shipp 1974; Calvário et al. 1980; Brito 1983; Dooley et al. 1985; Vacchi 1986; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: In FNAM this species is called Sphoeroides cutaneus. According to Shipp (1974) <strong>the</strong>re is not<br />

enough information to separate <strong>the</strong> eastern and western Atlantic populations <strong>of</strong> this species; he states that<br />

“should specific status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> populations ever be discovered S. pachygaster (Müller & Troschel) would<br />

stand for <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic form, and S. cutaneus Gün<strong>the</strong>r for <strong>the</strong> western Atlantic species”.<br />

115

---

116<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 481- Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 peixe balão espinhoso<br />

porcupine fish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 206.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954; Wirtz 1994º.<br />

Remarks: Collins’s (1954) uncertain record is based on a personal communication <strong>of</strong> J. Agostinho. The<br />

first documented specimen (400mm TL) was caught by Vitor Rosa at Pasteleiro, Faial Island on 1<br />

September 1977 at 7m depth, and deposited at DOP.<br />

Moli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 482- Moli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840) peixe lua<br />

sharptail mola<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 207.2.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Mola lanceolata by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º.<br />

Remarks: Collins (1954) based his record, <strong>the</strong> first in Azorean waters, on photographs and descriptions<br />

supplied to him <strong>of</strong> a specimen caught at Horta in 1952. The specimens described by Albert I er <strong>of</strong> Monaco<br />

(1889), as Osthagoriscus mola, and by Steenstrup & Lütken (1898), as Ranzania truncata were based on<br />

a young specimen taken from a stomach <strong>of</strong> Coryphaena sp., from outside <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> region. These<br />

records were reviewed by Collett (1896), Schmidt (1921a,b, 1926) and Gudger (1937). Since <strong>the</strong>n<br />

several individuals have been brought ashore (Martins 1977 and pers. obs.) or observed around <strong>the</strong><br />

islands in recent years.<br />

Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) peixe lua<br />

sunfish, ocean sunfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 207.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Orthagoriscus mola by Hilgendorf 1888b, Brian 1912;<br />

Tetraodon mola by Sampaio 1904.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Hilgendorf 1888bº; Sampaio 1904º; Brian 1912º; Guiart 1935; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Wheeler 1978; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Mola rotun<strong>da</strong> is also referred by Sampaio (1904).<br />

Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) peixe lua<br />

truncated sunfish, slender sunfish,<br />

slender mola<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 207.3.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: MCM collection.<br />

Remarks: One specimen registered in Museum Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, São Miguel Island) was<br />

originally identified as Orthagoriscus oblongus or Ranzania truncata. One specimen (470mm TL) was<br />

stranded at Porto Pim, Faial Island on 18 July, 1996 (DOP 368).

---

Appendix to <strong>the</strong> checklist<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

This appendix includes: i) species whose occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> needs fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation<br />

besides <strong>the</strong> references already found in <strong>the</strong> literature, ii) species whose identification criteria are<br />

doubtful, iii) littoral species whose occurrences are presumably exceptional, and/or iv) species<br />

recorded at <strong>the</strong> outer limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ.<br />

Class CHONDRICHTHYES<br />

Order CARCHARHINIFORMES<br />

Scyliorhini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 14- Scyliorhini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Apristurus maderensis Cadenat & Maul, 1966<br />

Madeira catshark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 11.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press b) made video recordings <strong>of</strong> Apristurus at Lucky Strike<br />

(37º18’’N, 32º16’W at ca. 1,700m depth) in 1994 which seem to be Apristurus maderensis. However,<br />

<strong>the</strong> authors state that identification is only possible with a specimen. The record should be considered<br />

provisionally.<br />

Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810<br />

black-mou<strong>the</strong>d dogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 11.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias 1991º.<br />

Remarks: Dias (1991) report is <strong>the</strong> only record <strong>of</strong> G. melastomus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this<br />

species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r evaluation.<br />

Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

lesser spotted dogfish, dogfish,<br />

sandy dogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 11.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: This record is based on a single specimen (DOP 365: 152mm TL) caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial Island but<br />

without additional <strong>da</strong>ta.<br />

Triaki<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 18- Triaki<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

smooth hound<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.5.1. Species noted for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM with a question mark.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Mustelus laevis by Belloc 1934.<br />

117

---

118<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Belloc 1934.<br />

Remarks: The first and only known record <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based on Belloc (1934). The<br />

occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 6- Carcharhiniformes. Family 20- Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1841)<br />

bull shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 13.1.9. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: The only record is based on a adult female specimen (420cm TL as measured by fishermen)<br />

caught at São Mateus, Terceira Island, in March, 1993. Photos <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head deposited at DOP. Jaws in<br />

JPB collection.<br />

Order LAMNIFORMES<br />

Alopii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 7- Lamniformes. Family 25- Alopii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839) tubarão raposo<br />

bigeye thresher<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 9.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: Record based on a specimen (342cm TL) caught on 22 August, 1994, slightly south <strong>of</strong><br />

Azorean EEZ, at 33º56’N, 27º57’W. Photographs deposited in DOP archives.<br />

Order SQUALIFORMES<br />

Echinorhini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 9- Squaliformes. Family 30- Echinorhini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)<br />

bramble shark<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.9.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wheeler 1978; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: The only citations <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> are Wheeler (1978) and ICN (1993). The map<br />

in Wheeler (1978) is very general but includes <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region<br />

needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Squali<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 9- Squaliformes. Family 33- Squali<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 16.1.1.<br />

spurdog, spiny dogfish

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sanches 1986b; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Sanches (1986) states that this species occurs in Madeira and <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />

this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation.<br />

Order RAJIFORMES<br />

Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 37- Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Torpedo (Torpedo) torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

common torpedo<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 20.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: This species was observed (P. A. Monteiro, pers. com.) <strong>of</strong>f Vila Maria Bay, south coast <strong>of</strong><br />

Terceira Island, 2.5miles west <strong>of</strong> Angra de Heroísmo, on 14 May, 1993. The fish was resting on a sandy<br />

bottom at 4m depth and a detailed description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic five blue ocelli was given. The<br />

occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Raji<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 41- Raji<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Raja (Dipturus) batis Linnaeus, 1758 arrai, raia<br />

skate<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.10. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias et al. 1976º; ICN 1993; Silva et al. 1995º; Menezes 1996º.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Raja (Raja) microocellata Montagu, 1818 arrai, raia<br />

small-eyed ray, painted ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.6. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Raja microcellata by Dias et al. 1976.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Dias et al. 1976º.<br />

Remarks: Dias et al. (1976) state that this species was common at five stations in <strong>the</strong> area (L2: n= 23,<br />

52.5kg; L3: n= 23, 36.5kg, L4: n= 2, 3.5kg; L5: n= 94, 204kg and L6: n= 29, 102.5kg) but <strong>the</strong> most<br />

common ray in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, Raja clavata, was not reported by Dias et al. (1976). Despite <strong>the</strong> fact that R.<br />

microocellata is easily distinguishable from R. clavata due to <strong>the</strong> long bands arranged almost parallel to<br />

<strong>the</strong> disc margins, it is possible that <strong>the</strong> authors misidentified <strong>the</strong> species. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in<br />

<strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Raja (Dipturus) oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758 arraia, raia<br />

long-nosed skate<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 21.1.12. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sanches 1986b; Dias 1991.<br />

119

---

120<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: There is a dried specimen in <strong>the</strong> fish exhibition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum Carlos Machado, Ponta<br />

Delga<strong>da</strong> (without catalogue number). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

documentation.<br />

Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 44- Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815) ratão<br />

roughtail stingray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 22.1.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: MCM collection.<br />

Remarks: Two dried specimens are deposited in <strong>the</strong> fish collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum Carlos Machado,<br />

Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong> (without catalogue number). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

documentation.<br />

Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 12- Rajiformes. Family 47- Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Rhinoptera marginata (E. Ge<strong>of</strong>froy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)<br />

lusitanian cownose ray<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 24.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º.<br />

Remarks: Collins (1954) cites this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on two specimens, one at Horta museum<br />

and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r at Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. It could well be a misidentification <strong>of</strong> Myliobatis aquila. We have not<br />

seen <strong>the</strong>se specimens and <strong>the</strong> occurrence needs fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation.<br />

Class ACTINOPTERYGII<br />

Order ELOPIFORMES<br />

Megalopi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 21- Elopiformes. Family 64- Megalopi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) peixe-prata, tarpão<br />

tarpon<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 28a.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Pereira & Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977º; Quéro & Delmas 1982.<br />

Remarks: There is only one registered occurrence <strong>of</strong> Tarpon atlanticus for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (Pereira &<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977). The specimen is deposited at <strong>the</strong> MCM, in Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. Since <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

species seems to be highly exceptional, it was not included in <strong>the</strong> main list.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Order ANGUILLIFORMES<br />

Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 23- Anguilliformes. Family 73- Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Gymnothorax afer Bloch 1795<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.2.-.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Lycodontis afer by Fowler 1936<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1936º.<br />

Remarks: This species is cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Fowler (1936) based on two specimens collected in<br />

Faial and in Terceira Islands, respectively by F. M. McGuire in 1879 and by William Trelease in 1894.<br />

Both specimens were deposited at <strong>the</strong> USNM. We didn’t verify <strong>the</strong> correct identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens.<br />

This G. afer is known to occur in <strong>the</strong> west coast <strong>of</strong> Africa, south <strong>of</strong> Mauritania. It is most probable <strong>the</strong><br />

specimens were misidentified. The identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species is in need <strong>of</strong> verification.<br />

Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 73.2.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Remarks: There is a specimen <strong>of</strong> Gymnothorax miliaris deposited under MCZ 34270. The specimen was<br />

probably collected in Faial in <strong>the</strong> mid-1800s but not catalogued until 1937 (K. E. Hartel, pers. com.). No<br />

collector is given. David G. Smith (USNM) kindly re-examined <strong>the</strong> specimen for us and confirmed its<br />

identification as G. miliaris (D. G. Smith, pers. com.).<br />

Order SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES<br />

Cyemati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 24- Saccopharyngiformes. Family 83- Cyemati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cyema atrum Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878<br />

bobtail snipe eel<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 78.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: “Leptocephalus Cyematis atri” by Lea 1913.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lea 1913º; Roule & Bertin 1929º; Bertin 1937; Grey 1956.<br />

Remarks: The citation <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based on a single larvae caught by R/V “Michael<br />

Sars” expeditions at 36º53’N, 29º47’W (station 56).<br />

Order CLUPEIFORMES<br />

Engrauli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 25- Clupeiformes. Family 88- Engrauli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

anchovy, European anchovy<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 35.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ramos 1869º; Martins 1982b; ICN 1993.<br />

121

---

122<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> area needs documentation.<br />

Clupei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 25- Clupeiformes. Family 91- Clupei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838)<br />

pilchard, sardine<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 33.4.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Clupea maderensis by Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1868, Regan 1903,<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1868; Regan 1903º; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: Gün<strong>the</strong>r (1868; vol. 7/B, p. 440-1) includes <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in <strong>the</strong> geographic distribution <strong>of</strong> this<br />

species. However, this is not based on <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> specimens existing in museum collections. No clear<br />

demonstration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> area is given. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong><br />

region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Order SILURIFORMES<br />

Arii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 29- Siluriformes. Family 128- Arii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Galeichthys feliceps Valenciennes, 1840<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: --.--.--. Family not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Tachysurus feliceps by Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lampe 1914º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954.<br />

Remarks: The record <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> may have been due to a mislabelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

specimens or jars.<br />

Order OSMERIFORMES<br />

Argentini<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes; Family 153- Argentini<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Argentina sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758<br />

argentine<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 46.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Citations for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nobre 1924º, 1930; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Remarks: This is probably a misidentification by Nobre (1924) and <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in<br />

ICN (1993).<br />

Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 32- Osmeriformes. Family 158- Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Leptoderma sp.<br />

splitfin smooth-head

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.10.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Markle 1976º; Markle & Quéro 1986º.<br />

Remarks: Only one specimen (210mm TL) is known from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> region. According to Markle and<br />

Quéro (1986) <strong>the</strong> specimen belongs to <strong>the</strong> Leptoderma lubricum-complex <strong>of</strong> Markle 1976.<br />

Rinoctes nasutus (Koefoed, 1927)<br />

abyssal smooth-head<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 30.11b.1.<br />

Remarks: One specimen, <strong>the</strong> type, was caught at 34º59’N, 33º01’W at 2,865m (Koefoed 1927)<br />

(Southwest <strong>of</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>). Also see Markle & Merrett (1980).<br />

Order STOMIIFORMES<br />

Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 34- Stomiiformes. Family 167- Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Cyclothone acclinidens Garman, 1899<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 37.4.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Cyclothone pseudoacclinidens by Quéro 1975.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Quéro 1975.<br />

Remarks: Reported from <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (31º 20’N, 35º 07´W) by Murray & Hjort (1912) and, based on<br />

this, by Fowler (1936) Albuquerque (1954-1956), Grey (1956), and Witzell (1973). Quéro (1975) states<br />

that <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic “population” C. acclinidens is a new species, C. pseudoacclinidens, abun<strong>da</strong>nt<br />

around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. We did not find any direct evidence <strong>of</strong> specimens caught in <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ. The<br />

occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Order AULOPIFORMES<br />

Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 36- Aulopiformes. Family 184- Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Alepisaurus brevirostris Gibbs, 1960<br />

lancetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 61.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Haedrich 1964º.<br />

Remarks: Haedrich (1964) reports finding four specimens (69-178mm SL) in <strong>the</strong> stomachs <strong>of</strong> two<br />

Alepisaurus ferox caught at 36º21’N, 23º30’W and 36º55’N, 32º32’W on 8 and 17 May, 1963.<br />

Order LAMPRIDIFORMES<br />

Regaleci<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 38- Lampridiformes. Family 193- Regaleci<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Regalecus glesne Ascanius, 1772<br />

123

---

124<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

oar-fish, ribbon-fish, king <strong>of</strong><br />

herrings<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 106.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Wheeler 1978; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Wheeler (1978) show a generalized distribution in all <strong>the</strong> tropical and temperate zones <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans but primary references were not found to documented occurrence in<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Order OPHIDIIFORMES<br />

Carapi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 41- Ophidiiformes. Family 198- Carapi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Carapus acus (Brünnich, 1768)<br />

pearlfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 175.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Carapus imberbis by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954º.<br />

Remarks: Collins (1954) record is based on a specimen, presently lost, caught <strong>of</strong>f Angra do Heroísmo,<br />

Terceira Island, on 11 April, 1923 from information supplied by Col. José Agostinho. The occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />

this species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was<br />

questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Order GADIFORMES<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 205- Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chalinura brevibarbis Goode & Bean, 1896<br />

shortbeard grenadier<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.16.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Bauchot & Pras 1980.<br />

Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only citation <strong>of</strong> this species so far known for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. No primary references<br />

were found concerning <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species needs<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Nezumia bairdii (Goode & Bean, 1877)<br />

marlin-spike<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 99.9.-. Species not included in FNAM<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Coryphaenoides bairdii by Fowler 1936; Macrurus bairdii<br />

by Roule & Angel 1933.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Roule & Angel 1933º; Fowler 1936; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956;<br />

Geistdoerfer et al. 1970º, 1971º; Marshall & Iwamoto 1973; Merrett 1986º; Cohen et al. 1990.<br />

Remarks: Cohen et al. (1990) recorded this species with a question mark. Marshall & Iwamoto (1973)<br />

take precautions concerning <strong>the</strong> species identification by stating that “Roule & Angel (1933) reported<br />

one specimen from <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but <strong>the</strong>y gave a pelvic fin-ray count for this specimen as 8,

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

which suggests that <strong>the</strong>y had ano<strong>the</strong>r species.” They also state that <strong>the</strong> specimen identified by<br />

Geistdoerfer et al. (1970) may well belong to ano<strong>the</strong>r species and “should be re-examined”. The citation<br />

made by Merrett (1986) has not sufficient details in order to allow a resolution.<br />

Mori<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 42- Gadiformes. Family 207- Mori<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Laemonema latifrons Holt & Byrne, 1908<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.5.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press b) made two video recordings at Lucky Strike (37º18’N,<br />

32º16’W) <strong>of</strong> a species that <strong>the</strong>y believe could be Laemonema latifrons but positive identification can<br />

only be made from specimens.<br />

Lepidion schmidti Svetovidov, 1936<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 103.6.4. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito in press bº.<br />

Remarks: Sal<strong>da</strong>nha & Biscoito (in press b) made several video recordings and colour slides both at<br />

Lucky Strike (37º18’’N, 32º16’W) and Menez Gwen (37º50’N, 31º31’W) hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal sites <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />

that <strong>the</strong>y identified as Lepidion schmidti. They state that “although <strong>the</strong> available videos and colour slides<br />

leave little doubt, a definite identification can only be obtained from captured specimens”.<br />

Order LOPHIIFORMES<br />

Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 217- Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Antennarius radiosus Garman, 1896<br />

big-eyed frogfish, singlespot<br />

frogfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 211.2.2. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ferreira 1940º.<br />

Remarks: The mention <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based on a specimen collected <strong>of</strong>f Velas (São<br />

Jorge) at 10m. This specimen was deposited at Museum Carlos Machado but must have been lost, since<br />

we could not find it in <strong>the</strong> collections. This species, and <strong>the</strong> recently recorded for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Antennarius<br />

senegalensis by Azevedo & Heemstra 1995, belong to <strong>the</strong> Antennarius ocellatus group (Pietsch &<br />

Grobecker, 1987). Ferreira (1940) could have misidentified his specimen. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species<br />

in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 44- Lophiiformes. Family 229- Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Ceratias holboelli Kröyer, 1845<br />

125

---

126<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 218.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Ceratias holbölli by Clarke 1950, 1956.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Clarke 1950º, 1956º.<br />

Remarks: Clarke (1956) reported three specimens in <strong>the</strong> stomachs <strong>of</strong> three sperm whales caught 20 miles<br />

southwest <strong>of</strong> Capelinhos, Faial Island, on 12 August, 1949 (see also Clarke 1950), 4 and 19 August,<br />

1954. The first specimen was identified from a skin fragment, and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r two were partially digested.<br />

The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this<br />

species in <strong>the</strong> region needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Order BELONIFORMES<br />

Beloni<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 47- Beloniformes. Family 242- Beloni<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803) peixe agulha<br />

agujon needlefish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 90.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Belone acus by Nobre 1924, 1930; Strongylura acus by<br />

Fowler 1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nobre 1924º, 1930º; Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954.<br />

Remarks: The identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species and <strong>the</strong>ir synonyms in this family occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> are in<br />

need <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation, where possible. For instance, it is most likely that <strong>the</strong> Belone acus cited by<br />

Nobre (1924, 1930) will prove to be Belone belone gracilis. Also see <strong>the</strong> remark under Belone belone<br />

gracilis.<br />

Order STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES<br />

Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 49- Stephanoberyciformes. Family 254- Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Melamphaes longivelis Parr, 1933<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ebeling & Weed 1973; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Ebeling & Weed (1973) examined specimens from <strong>the</strong> North-Atlantic. They do not give<br />

precise locations concerning <strong>the</strong> specimens <strong>the</strong>y studied. They consider that <strong>the</strong> species “ranges widely<br />

throughout <strong>the</strong> Atlantic”.<br />

Melamphaes microps (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1878)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.1.3.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Ebeling & Weed 1973; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Ebeling & Weed (1973) consider <strong>the</strong> species as antitropical, with one population in <strong>the</strong> North-<br />

Atlantic. They report specimens from <strong>the</strong> North-Atlantic between 32º and 58ºN without giving <strong>the</strong> exact<br />

locations.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Scopeloberyx rubriventer (Koefoed, 1953)<br />

ridgehead<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 117.4.2.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Melamphaës rubriventer by Koefoed 1953.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Koefoed 1953º; Ebeling & Weed 1973.<br />

Remarks: The species is “Only known from five juvenile specimens whose identification is considered<br />

in doubt.” (vd. FNAM p. 764). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN<br />

(1993).<br />

Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES<br />

Fistularii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 52- Gasterosteiformes. Family 284- Fistularii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Fistularia sp..<br />

cornetfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: -.-.-. Family not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins in litt. to Maul 1955.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> a single specimen <strong>of</strong> Fistularia is documented in <strong>the</strong> correspondence<br />

between B. Collins and G. E. Maul (Collins in litt. to Maul 28 August, 1955; Maul in litt. to Collins 28<br />

November, 1955). The specimen was caught <strong>of</strong>f Faial and brought to Collins. Morphometrics, meristics,<br />

and a photograph was taken by Robert Clarke but <strong>the</strong> specimen was not preserved.<br />

Order SCORPAENIFORMES<br />

Trigli<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 54- Scorpaeniformes. Family 297- Trigli<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758<br />

piper<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 185.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sampaio 1904; Collins 1954.<br />

Remarks: This species is included based on a probable misidentification <strong>of</strong> Aspitrigla cuculus by<br />

Sampaio (1904). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> Trigla lyra in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

armed gurnard<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 186.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Remarks: In <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1992 a specimen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subfamily Peristediinae was stranded at <strong>the</strong> harbour<br />

<strong>of</strong> Horta, Faial Island. The specimen, despite being <strong>da</strong>maged with <strong>the</strong> rostral extensions broken, seems to<br />

correspond to Peristedion cataphractum.<br />

Cyclopteri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 54- Scorpaeniformes. Family 313- Cyclopteri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Eumicrotremus spinosus (Fabricius, 1776)<br />

127

---

128<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Atlantic spiny lumpsucker<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 191.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1897º, 1905º; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: There is no reason to doubt Collett’s identification, at least at <strong>the</strong> generic levels. The<br />

occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> latitudes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is really exceptional. Its inclusion in <strong>the</strong> present<br />

list should be considered <strong>of</strong> historical interest. Collett (1905: p. 724) makes <strong>the</strong> following observation:<br />

"E. spinosus" (...) "has its principal distribution in somewhat deep water, and has hi<strong>the</strong>rto been found<br />

only in arctic waters. Its discovery in <strong>the</strong> sea surrounding <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, in a latitude (38° N. Lat.) similar to<br />

that <strong>of</strong> Portugal, is interesting as a pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great conformity in <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> organic life in<br />

different latitudes at greater depths. In <strong>the</strong> Arctic Ocean, E. spinosus has only been found where <strong>the</strong><br />

bottom temperature is about freezing, sometimes even in ice-cold water”.<br />

Order PERCIFORMES<br />

Chaetodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 370- Chaetodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chaetodon sedentarius Poey, 1860<br />

reef butterflyfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 143.1.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: New record.<br />

Remarks: A single specimen was seen, photographed and video recorded during several <strong>da</strong>ys at <strong>the</strong> outer<br />

edge <strong>of</strong> Horta Harbour, Faial Island, in September, 1996 (J. Fontes, pers. com.).<br />

Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 407- Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus altipinnis Parr, 1933<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 150.3.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus scriptus by Collins 1954.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collins 1954.<br />

Remarks: Collins (1954) mentions this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> based on information about a specimen<br />

caught at Pico Island given from Col. J. Agostinho. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> P. altipinnis in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> needs<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 428- Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Callionymus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1837<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 163a.1.6. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Callionymus lyra by Fowler 1936; Collins 1954;<br />

Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul 1972; Wheeler 1978.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Maul 1972; Wheeler<br />

1978.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Remarks: Fowler (1936) refers to a specimen (115mm TL) <strong>of</strong> Callionymus lyra (USNM 94473)<br />

(Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 163a.1.1. Cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM) secured by William Trelease on 3 July, 1894, but<br />

since <strong>the</strong>n no additional specimens have been reported. “Cantro” and “soma” are, according to Fowler<br />

(1936), <strong>the</strong> vernacular names used at Terceira Island to designate <strong>the</strong> species. The genus is considered to<br />

occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> by Nakabo (1982) based on Fowler’s reference. The specimen was re-examined by J.<br />

Williams (USNM- Smithsonian Institution) in November, 1996 (J. Williams, pers. com.) and by us in<br />

January, 1997 and identified as belonging to C. reticulatus. Callionymus lyra was questioned in ICN<br />

(1993).<br />

Gobii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 433- Gobii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Lesueurigobius suerii (Risso, 1810)<br />

Lesueur’s goby<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 162.16.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gobius Lesueuri by Vaillant 1919; G. lesuerii by Fowler<br />

1936.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Vaillant 1919º; Fowler 1936.<br />

Remarks: Vaillant (1919) mentions <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Gobius lesueuri (= Lesueurigobius suerii) in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong> based on a specimen caught at 599m by a trawl over coarse sand at st. 866 (38º52’50’’N,<br />

27º23’W). The identification <strong>of</strong> this specimen is in need <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r verification (P. Miller, pers. com.).<br />

Mauligobius maderensis (Valenciennes, 1837)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 162.26.2. Species noted with a question mark in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Gobius maderensis by Regan 1903.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Regan 1903º.<br />

Remarks: Regan (1903) reported Gobius maderensis, but he does not give a description. We did not<br />

examine <strong>the</strong> specimens in question and we can not be sure if <strong>the</strong>y were Mauligobius maderensis or<br />

Gobius paganellus, since <strong>the</strong> two species are very similar. Our recent study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Olivia Dabney’s<br />

collection <strong>of</strong> Azorean <strong>fishes</strong> deposited at <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology (Harvard University)<br />

revealed that among <strong>the</strong> nineteen gobies (MCZ 13141, 13223, 13288, 149279), three were Mauligobius<br />

maderensis (MCZ 13141). Besides <strong>the</strong>se, two o<strong>the</strong>rs presented intermediate characteristics. In recent<br />

years <strong>the</strong>re has been no reference to M. maderensis occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. For that reason we decided<br />

to include this species in <strong>the</strong> appendix, until fur<strong>the</strong>r studies are made. Identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species was<br />

confirmed (P. Miller pers. commn).<br />

Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 450- Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Istiophorus albicans (Latreille, 1804)<br />

Atlantic sailfish, sailfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 160.1.1.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Istiophorus platypterus by Martin 1986.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Martin 1986º; Nakamura 1985.<br />

129

---

130<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remarks: Martin (1986) reported this species as being observed at 38º34’N, 28º30’W. Nakamura’s<br />

(1985) very general range map includes <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. This species needs fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation since it was<br />

never recorded in <strong>the</strong> log books <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> big game fishing boats operating in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (L. Gallagher, pers.<br />

commn). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 425- Blennii<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Hypleurochilus fissicornis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 164.3.-. Species not included in FNAM.<br />

Synonyms, misspellings, misidentifications: Blennius fucorum by Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836, Bath<br />

1977; Hypleurochilus sp.. by Oliveira et al. 1992 based on personal communication by Hans Bath.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836º; Bath 1977, 1994º; Oliveira et al. 1992.<br />

Remarks: Cuvier & Valenciennes (1836: p. 263-265) described a new species, Blennius fucorum, based<br />

on a specimen captured 80 miles south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in rafting algae (see also Bath 1977, Oliveira et al.<br />

1992). Bath (1994) studied <strong>the</strong> specimen and found that it is Hypleurochilus fissicornis (Quoy &<br />

Gaimard, 1824), which inhabits <strong>the</strong> south Atlantic coasts <strong>of</strong> Brasil and Uruguay. The specimen must<br />

have reached <strong>the</strong> region <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> associated with rafting algae (Fucus natan).<br />

Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 455- Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Tetragonurus atlanticus Lowe, 1839<br />

bigeye squaretail<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 178.1.2.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: Since individuals were caught all around, but not inside, <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ during <strong>the</strong> Dana<br />

expeditions (Grey, 1955) it is probable that this species also occurs in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Janssen & Harbison<br />

(1981), note that it occurs in association with salps north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ. These authors also<br />

mention four observations <strong>of</strong> unidentified Tetragonurus, stating however that <strong>the</strong>y should probably be T.<br />

cuvieri, at <strong>the</strong> far western edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean EEZ (see also Swanberg & Harbison 1980, concerning<br />

information about R/V “Atlantis II” cruise stations).<br />

Stromatei<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 55- Perciformes. Family 456- Stromatei<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758<br />

butterfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 179.1.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Nobre 1924º, 1930; Albuquerque 1954-1956.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species needs fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Order PLEURONECTIFORMES<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e 6<br />

Order 56- Pleuronectiformes. Family 465- Bothi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Arnoglossus imperialis (Rafinesque,1810)<br />

scaldfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 196.2.2.<br />

Synonyms: Arnoglossus lophotes by Collett 1896a.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Collett 1896aº; Kyle 1913; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Arru<strong>da</strong> 1992.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species is based on a single specimen reported by Collett (1896a).<br />

Order TETRAODONTIFORMES<br />

Balisti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 476- Balisti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758 peixe porco<br />

triggerfish, queen triggerfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 201.1.1.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Fowler 1919º, 1936º; Collins 1954; Albuquerque 1954-1956; Dooley et al.<br />

1985; ICN 1993.<br />

Remarks: The occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> is based on a single specimen observed by<br />

Fowler (1919). There are no new records since <strong>the</strong>n. The inclusion <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>of</strong><br />

Azorean marine <strong>fishes</strong> requires fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Order 57- Tetraodontiformes. Family 481- Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Chilomycterus atringa (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

porcupine fish, spotted burrfish<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam number: 206.2.1. Species not cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in FNAM.<br />

References for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: MCM collection.<br />

Remarks: Specimens deposited in Museum Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, São Miguel Island) are<br />

here considered exceptional occurrences but valid records. The inclusion <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> checklist<br />

<strong>of</strong> Azorean marine <strong>fishes</strong> requires fur<strong>the</strong>r documentation.<br />

6 Based on a original record by Lampe (1914), both Fowler (1936) and Collins (1954) cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

species Syacium micrurum Ranzani, 1840 -in Lampe, 1914 as Hemirhombus aramaca- (Family 468-<br />

Paralichthyi<strong>da</strong>e). The citation for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> must have been based on a partial mislabelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original<br />

material. The locality Porto Grande, São Vicente is not in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but in Cape Verde archipelago.<br />

131

---

Appendix to ICN (1993)<br />

132<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

In addition to <strong>the</strong> notations and corrections concerning <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>of</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> included in<br />

ICN (1993) which are in <strong>the</strong> previous sections, <strong>the</strong> following still need to be corrected.<br />

Eight species whose occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was questioned in ICN (1993) and which are not<br />

confirmed are:<br />

Radhines<strong>the</strong>s decimus (Zugmayer, 1911) (Astronesthi<strong>da</strong>e); Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

(Serrani<strong>da</strong>e); Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) (Priacanthi<strong>da</strong>e); Spondyliosoma cantharus<br />

(Linnaeus, 1758) (Spari<strong>da</strong>e); Benthocometes robustus (Goode & Bean, 1886) (Ophidii<strong>da</strong>e);<br />

Caulophryne polynema Regan, 1930 (Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e); Oneirodes eschrichtii Lütken, 1871 and O.<br />

macronema (Regan & Trewavas, 1932) (Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e).<br />

Eleven species whose occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> was mentioned in ICN (1993) are not considered<br />

valid records and are not included in <strong>the</strong> present checklist:<br />

Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) (Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e); Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert, 1891<br />

(Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e); Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt, 1912) (Derichthyi<strong>da</strong>e); Rouleina<br />

maderensis Maul, 1948 (Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e); Holtbyrnia macrops Maul, 1957 and Sagamichthys<br />

schnakenbecki (Krefft, 1953) (Platytrocti<strong>da</strong>e); Echiostoma barbatum Lowe, 1843 and Photonectes<br />

dinema Regan & Trewavas, 1930 (Stomii<strong>da</strong>e); Taaningichthys minimus (Tåning, 1928)<br />

(Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e); Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789) (Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e); Aspitrigla obscura<br />

(Linnaeus, 1764) (Trigli<strong>da</strong>e).<br />

CONCLUSIONS<br />

Four hundred and sixty species <strong>of</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> are included in <strong>the</strong> present<br />

checklist. Forty four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are Chondrichthyes, and 416 are Actinopterygii. Perciformes is <strong>the</strong> best<br />

represented order with 108 species. Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e with 43 species is <strong>the</strong> best represented family. In<br />

addition to <strong>the</strong>se species, 54 o<strong>the</strong>r species -14 Chondrichthyes and 40 Actinopterygii - are included<br />

in an appendix. We consider <strong>the</strong> species listed in <strong>the</strong> appendix not fully vali<strong>da</strong>te members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Azorean fish fauna. In some cases <strong>the</strong>ir taxonomic determination is dubious. In o<strong>the</strong>r cases <strong>the</strong><br />

occurrences, despite being relevant and well determined, are, presumably, highly occasional.<br />

The first ichthyological comments regarding <strong>Azores</strong> was found in Duhamel du Monceau (1777) who<br />

mentions <strong>the</strong> “Raie cornue des <strong>Açores</strong>”, or “Mobular des Caraïbes”. The first authoritative<br />

taxonomic reference came only in 1833, when A. Valenciennes described a new species, C. azorica,<br />

based on a specimen from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. This was later found to belong to <strong>the</strong> previously described<br />

species C. equiselis.<br />

Until 1860 only 6 species were mentioned in scientific literature for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. In 1861, <strong>the</strong> French<br />

zoologist, Henri Drouët, working for <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Portugal, added 24 species. In 1888 new records<br />

were included, 51 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were cited by <strong>the</strong> German ichthyologist, F. Hilgendorf, based on <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>fishes</strong> collected during an expedition lead by H. Simroth, and on several specimens deposited in <strong>the</strong><br />

Museu Carlos Machado (Hilgendorf 1888b). Twenty one additional species were reported by <strong>the</strong><br />

emminent French ichthyologist, Louis Vaillant, who studied <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> collected during <strong>the</strong> scientific<br />

expeditions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> R/V “Travailleur” and R/V “Talisman” from 1880 to 1883 (Vaillant 1888).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

number <strong>of</strong> species occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, approximately 75 (16%), have some commercial interest.<br />

Thirty one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are littoral species, <strong>the</strong> rest oceanic.<br />

With exception <strong>of</strong> a few rafting species, most coastal fish must have colonised <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Archipelago by larval dispersion from o<strong>the</strong>r areas. The great part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coastal species have limited<br />

capacity to transverse <strong>the</strong> long distances <strong>of</strong> deep ocean that separates <strong>the</strong> islands from <strong>the</strong> nearest<br />

shores. The fish larvae are susceptible to environmental condition especially change in temperature,<br />

which causes high mortality. Thus, only <strong>the</strong> larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more resistant, eury<strong>the</strong>rm species would<br />

reach <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Climate changes and change in currents over time must have affected fish diversity in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

especially more shallow water species. There is a need <strong>of</strong> more detailed research on paleoceanology<br />

to clarify aspects <strong>of</strong> changes in currents, climate and geology in <strong>the</strong> sea that could have influenced<br />

colonisation. More comparative and empirical research to characterise variations in both coastal and<br />

pelagic fish assemblages are also needed. Programs <strong>of</strong> monitoring <strong>of</strong> environmental conditions and<br />

fish assemblages should be established.<br />

Documentation <strong>of</strong> occasional occurrences is also important. These occurrences can make us<br />

understand <strong>the</strong> pathways and patterns <strong>of</strong> fish seasonally, distribution and dispersal in our region. It is<br />

important to make as systematic and quantitative inventory <strong>of</strong> historical documents and collections.<br />

We are sure that unpublished correspondence between naturalists <strong>of</strong> interest to ichthyologists, still<br />

exist. An example <strong>of</strong> this are <strong>the</strong> interesting letters exchanged by G. E. Maul and Bernhard Collins.<br />

The study <strong>of</strong> natural history and <strong>the</strong> keeping <strong>of</strong> taxonomic collections in Portugal and in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

have always been done with <strong>the</strong> good will <strong>of</strong> a few scientists and interested laymen but <strong>the</strong>se<br />

collections were usually lost. Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three Portuguese museums <strong>of</strong> natural history are examples<br />

<strong>of</strong> this. The collections <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museu Bocage (Lisbon) were almost completely lost during a<br />

tragic fire that occurred in <strong>the</strong> 70’s. The collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta<br />

Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Açores</strong>), which flourished during <strong>the</strong> early century, suffered from a lack <strong>of</strong> proper curation<br />

between 1950 and 1980. The natural history collections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum are now being rebuilt and<br />

restructured under <strong>the</strong> mnuseum´s new direction and by a permanent curator for <strong>the</strong> collections <strong>of</strong><br />

natural history.<br />

Museums <strong>of</strong> natural history in Portugal suffered (and continue to suffer) because at <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong><br />

funding, which has lead to <strong>the</strong> deterioration <strong>of</strong> buildings and collections. Also, <strong>the</strong>re has been an<br />

inherent lack <strong>of</strong> tradition to pass down information required by curators and assistant curators. Now<br />

that museums <strong>of</strong> natural history are modernising throughout <strong>the</strong> world, this seems opportune time to<br />

create a Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History, based on modern multimedia technology toge<strong>the</strong>r with classical<br />

preserved collections, to reveal <strong>the</strong> hidden natural history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-eastern Atlantic Archipelago<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

135

---

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES<br />

136<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Agafonova, T. B. & E. I. Kukuyev 1990. New <strong>da</strong>ta on <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> Cubiceps gracilis. Voprosy<br />

Ikthtiologii, 30 (6): 1028-1031.<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Biology/<br />

reproduction.<br />

Aguiar, A. & J. Pereira 1982. Physiculus <strong>da</strong>lwigki Kaup, 1858 and Gadella maraldi (Risso, 1810)<br />

newly recorded in Azorean waters (Pisces: Mori<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 6 (3): 35-38.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new records; Anatomy/ morphometry.<br />

Albert I er Monaco, S. A. S. le Prince 1889. Poissons lune (Orthagoriscus mola) capturés pen<strong>da</strong>nt<br />

deux campagnes de l’ Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, XIV: 16-18.<br />

[reprinted in 1932 in: Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par<br />

Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LXXXIV: Pp. 281-282].<br />

Geographical distribution/ new records; Anatomy/ morphometry.<br />

Albert I er Monaco, S. A. S. le Prince 1904. Le progrès de l’Océanographie. Bulletin du Musée<br />

Océanographique de Monaco, No. 6: 1-13.<br />

History/ marine research.<br />

Albuquerque, R. M. 1954-1956. Peixes de Portugal e Ilhas Adjacentes - Chaves para a sua<br />

determinação. Portugaliae Acta Biologica (B), Vol. V: 1-1164.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Checklist.<br />

Allen, G. R. 1991. Damsel<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World. Mergus, Melle (Germany): 271pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics; Checklist; Geographical distribution;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography; Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Ecology/ feeding/ vertical<br />

distribution; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Alma<strong>da</strong>, V. C. & R. S. Santos 1995. Parental care in <strong>the</strong> rocky interti<strong>da</strong>l: a case study <strong>of</strong> a<strong>da</strong>ptation<br />

and exaptation in Mediterranean and Atlantic blennies. Reviews <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5<br />

(1): 23-37.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Evolution.<br />

Alma<strong>da</strong>, V. C., E. N. Barata, E. J. Gonçalves & R. F. Oliveira 1990. On <strong>the</strong> breeding season <strong>of</strong><br />

Lipophrys pholis L. (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) at Arrábi<strong>da</strong>, Portugal. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Biological<br />

Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, 70 (4): 913-916.<br />

Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Alma<strong>da</strong>, V. C., J. Dores, A. Pinheiro, M. Pinheiro & R. S. Santos 1983. Contribuição para o estudo<br />

do comportamento de Coryphoblennius galerita (l.) (Pisces: Blenni<strong>da</strong>e). Memórias do Museu do<br />

Mar, Série Zoológica, 2 (24): 1-166.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology.<br />

Almei<strong>da</strong>, A. J. 1982. Sur la présence de Blennius ruber Valenciennes, 1836 aux <strong>Açores</strong> (Pisces:<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 6 (2): 35-40.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new records; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics.<br />

Almei<strong>da</strong>, A. J. & M. Harmelin-Vivien 1983. Quelques notes sur des blenniidés observés et capturés<br />

aux <strong>Açores</strong> en 1979 (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 7 (1): 39-45.

---

Checklist; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Anderson, W. W., J. W. Gehringer & F. H Berry 1966. Family Synodonti<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 30-102 in: G. W.<br />

Mead (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Five: Order Iniomi. Order<br />

Lyomeri. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research. Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; .<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M. 1977. Morphological comparisons between <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and nor<strong>the</strong>astern<br />

Atlantic populations <strong>of</strong> Chromis chromis L. (Pisces: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e). Arquivos do Museu<br />

Bocage, 2ª Série, Vol. VII, 11: 207-217.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M. 1979. On <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> a sample <strong>of</strong> fish captured in <strong>the</strong> ti<strong>da</strong>l range at <strong>Azores</strong>. Boletim<br />

<strong>da</strong> Socie<strong>da</strong>de Portuguesa de Ciências Naturais, 19: 5-36.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Checklist; Geographical distribution/ new records.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M. 1980a. On <strong>the</strong> subspecific distinction between limbatus and chromis populations <strong>of</strong><br />

Chromis chromis (L.) (Pisces: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2 (7): 349-362.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Biogeography.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M. 1980b. On <strong>the</strong> adjustment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Motomura’s model to populations <strong>of</strong> interti<strong>da</strong>l fish<br />

on <strong>the</strong> Portuguese and Azorean coasts. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2ª Série, Vol. VII, 19: 339-<br />

348.<br />

Ecology/ demography.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M. 1992. A icti<strong>of</strong>auna marinha açoriana em publicações científicas do século XIX.<br />

Boletim do Núcleo Cultural <strong>da</strong> Horta, Vol. X (1991-92): 35-55.<br />

History/ marine research; Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Arru<strong>da</strong>, L. M., J. M. N. Azevedo, P. C. Heemstra & A. I. Neto 1992. Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> on <strong>the</strong><br />

"Santa Maria and Formigas 1990: Scientific expedition". Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Nova<br />

Série, Vol. II, 12: 263-273.<br />

Checklist.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N. 1991. Notas sobre a fauna marinha de Santa Maria e Formigas na obra de Gaspar<br />

Frutuoso. Relatórios e Comunicações do Departamento de Biologia, 19: 27-32.<br />

History/ Vernacular names.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. This paper discuss <strong>the</strong> vernacular nomenclature <strong>of</strong><br />

Gaspar Frutuoso (XVII century).<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N. 1992. Nota sobre os meros, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces:<br />

Serrani<strong>da</strong>e), nas Lajes do Pico. Relatórios e Comunicações do Departamento de Biologia, 20:<br />

35-37.<br />

Ecology/ demography; Biology/ age.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Azevedo et al. (1995).<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N. 1995. Food web <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean shallow water marine ichthyological<br />

communities: a guild approach. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, Suplemento no. 4: 29-<br />

53.<br />

Checklist; Ecology/ feeding.<br />

137

---

138<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> A<strong>the</strong>rina sp., Seriola spp. and Sphyraena sp.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N., A. I. Neto, P. C. Heemstra & L. M. Arru<strong>da</strong> 1991. Peixes marinhos de Santa<br />

Maria. Relatórios e Comunicações do Departamento de Biologia, 19: 49-51.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Biology/ age.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. (1992).<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N. & J. M. Brum in press. First record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sailfin Roughshark Oxynotus<br />

paradoxus Frade, 1929 (Chondrychthyes, Oxynati<strong>da</strong>e) for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Cybium.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution/ new records.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N. & P. C. Heemstra 1995. New records <strong>of</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Arquipélago. Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences. 13A: 1-10.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/<br />

new records.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N., P. C. Heemstra, L. M. Arru<strong>da</strong> & A. I. Neto 1992. Peixes marinhos litorais <strong>da</strong> ilha<br />

do Pico (<strong>Açores</strong>). Relatórios e Comunicações do Departamento de Biologia, 20: 27-33.<br />

Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N., A. I. Neto & L. M. Arru<strong>da</strong> 1990. First record <strong>of</strong> Thorogobius ephippiatus<br />

(Lowe, 1839) (Pisces: Gobii<strong>da</strong>e) for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Nova Série, I (43):<br />

621-624.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new record; Anatomy/ meristics.<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N., A. I. Neto, P. C. Heemstra & L. M. Arru<strong>da</strong> 1991. Peixes marinhos de Santa<br />

Maria. Relatórios e Comunicações do Departamento de Biologia, 19: 49-51.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Biology/ age.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Arru<strong>da</strong> et al. (1992).<br />

Azevedo, J. M. N., J. B. Rodrigues, M. Mendizabal & L. M. Arru<strong>da</strong> 1995. Study <strong>of</strong> a sample <strong>of</strong><br />

dusky groupers, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), caught in a tide pool at Lajes do Pico,<br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, Suplemento no. 4: 55-64.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Biology/ age.<br />

Backus, R. H. & J. E. Craddock 1977. Data report for Atlantic pelagic zoogeography. Woods Hole<br />

Oceanographic Institution, Technical Report 77-4: 1-8 (+ 3 appendix: 42pp, 23pp, 14pp).<br />

Oceanography/expeditions; Scientific expeditions/cruises/stations; Biogeography/ zoogeography.<br />

Backus, R. H., J. E. Craddock, R. L. Haedrich & David L. Shores 1970. The distribution <strong>of</strong><br />

mesopelagic <strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> equatorial and western North Atlantic ocean. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong><br />

Research, 28 (2): 179-201.<br />

Biogeography/ zoogeography.<br />

Backus, R. H., J. E. Craddock, R. L. Haedrich & Bruce H. Robinson 1977. Atlantic mesopelagic<br />

zoogeography. Pp. 266-287 in: R. H. Gibbs Jr. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number<br />

One. Part Seven: Family Neoscopeli<strong>da</strong>e. Family Mictophi<strong>da</strong>e. Atlantic Mesopelagic<br />

Zoogeography. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Oceanography/expeditions; Scientific expeditions/cruises/stations; Biogeography/ zoogeography.<br />

Badcock, J. 1969. Colour variation in two mesopelagic <strong>fishes</strong> and its correlation with ambient light<br />

conditions. Nature, London, 221 (5178): 383- 385.

---

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Baird, R. C. 1971. The sytematics, distribution, and zoogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine hatchet<strong>fishes</strong><br />

(Family Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Volume 142,<br />

number 1: 1-128.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Biogeography/ zoogeography.<br />

Bard, F. X. 1986. Distribution et abon<strong>da</strong>nce des différentes espèces de thonidés <strong>da</strong>ns la Région des<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> en relation avec l’Atlantique nord. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VI Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 6<br />

(1985): 59-82.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics; Biology/ physiology; Ecology/ vertical distribution/<br />

feeding/ migration; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Bard, F. X. 1987. Pêcheries et état des stocks d’espadon en Océan Atlantique. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VII<br />

Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 7 (1986): 91-110.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics; Biology/ growth.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Barnard, K. H. 1925. Monograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> South Africa. Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> South African<br />

Museum, Volume XXI, Part I: 1-418 (+ 17 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Barnard, K. H. 1927. Monograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> South Africa. Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> South African<br />

Museum, Volume XXI, Part II: 419-1065 (+ 20 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Barnard, K. H. 1948. 7. Fur<strong>the</strong>r notes on South African marine <strong>fishes</strong>. Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> South African<br />

Museum, 36 (5): 341-406 + 5 plates.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Barreiros, J. P. 1990. Peixes. Pp. 110-121 in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do<br />

Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>,<br />

Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Barreiros, J. P. 1995. Aspectos do comportamento e <strong>da</strong> reprodução do mero Epinephelus<br />

marginatus (Lowe, 1834), nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Provas de Aptidão Pe<strong>da</strong>gógica e Capaci<strong>da</strong>de Científica.<br />

Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Angra do Heroísmo. 95pp.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Ecology/ feeding .<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Bath, H. 1973. Blennii<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 519-527 in: J. C. Hureau & Th. Monod. Check-list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> north-eastern Atlantic and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics; Geographical distribution.<br />

Bath, H. 1977. Revision der Blenniini. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 57 (4/6): 167-234.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

139

---

140<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Bath, H. 1982. Beitrag zur Revali<strong>da</strong>tion von Parablennius ruber (Valenciennes, 1836) mit<br />

kritischen Bemerkungen zur Gültigkeit der Gattung Pictiblennius WHITLEY 1930.<br />

Senckerbergiana Biologica, 62 (1981): 211-224.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics; Geographical distribution;<br />

Biogeography.<br />

Bath, H. 1990. Taxonomie und Verbreitung von Parablennius Ribeiro, 1915 an der W-Küste<br />

Afrikas und den Kapverdischen mit Revali<strong>da</strong>tion von P. verryckeni (Poll, 1959) und<br />

Beschreibung drei neuer Arten (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 70 (1989) (1-<br />

3): 15-69.<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics; Geographical distribution;<br />

Biogeography; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Bath, H. 1994. Untersuchung der Arten Hypleurochilus geminatus (Wood 1825), H. fissicornis<br />

(Quoy & Gaimard 1824) und H. aequipinnis (Gün<strong>the</strong>r 1861), mit Revali<strong>da</strong>tion vo<br />

Hypleurochilus multifilis (Girard, 1858) und Beschreibung von zwei neuen Arten (Pisces:<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 74 (1-2): 59-85.<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Bauchot, M.-L. 1959. Étude des larves leptocéphales du groupe Leptocephalus lanceolatus,<br />

Strömman et identification à la famille des Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e. Dana- Report, No. 48: 1- 148 (105<br />

figures + 2 plates).<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry; Development/ larvae<br />

and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bauchot, M.-L. 1967. Poissons marins de l’Est Atlantique Tropical. Téléostéens Perciformes. II<br />

Percoidei (3ème partie). III. Acanthuroidei. IV. Balistoidei. Atlantide Report, No. 9: 7-43 + 5<br />

plates.<br />

Checklist; Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bauchot, M.-L. & M. Blanc 1961. Poissons marins de l’Est Atlantique Tropical. Téléostéens<br />

Perciformes. I Labroidei (Téléostéens Perciformes). II. Percoidei. Atlantide Report, No. 6: 43-<br />

100 + 1 plate.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bauchot, M. L. & A. Pras 1980. Guide des Poissons Marins d’Europe. Delachaux & Niestlé, Paris,<br />

427pp. + 24 colour plates + 40 black and white plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific divulgation/<br />

field guide.<br />

Bauchot, M.-L., T. Iwamoto, P. Geistdoerfer & M. Rannou 1971. Étude critique des résultats des<br />

expéditions scientifiques du «Travailleur» et du «Talisman». Nouvel examen des Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

(Téléostéens, Gadiformes). Bulletin du Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, 3 e séries, nº 14,<br />

Zoologie 14: 653-669.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations; Museum collection; History/ marine<br />

research.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Bauchot, M. L., M. Desoutter & P. H. J. Castle 1993. Catalogue critique des types de poissons du<br />

Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (suite). Ordres des Anguilliformes et des<br />

Saccopharyngiformes. Cybium, 17 (2): 91-151.<br />

Checklist; Museum collection/ catalogs.<br />

Bauchot-Boutin, M. L. 1955. Détérmination des Serrivomer du “Michael Sars” et de l’ “Armauer<br />

Hansen”. Pp. 11-12 in Koefoed, E. 1955. Iniomi (Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e exclusive), Lyomeri, Apodes.<br />

Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition<br />

1910, Volume IV, Part II, 4, Bergen.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bekker, V. E. 1983. Myctophids <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World. Moskva: Akademyia nauk SSSR. 248pp. (In<br />

Russian).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Belloc, G. 1934. Catalogue illustré des Poissons comestibles de la côte Ocidentale d’Afrique (du<br />

Cap Spartel au Cap Vert). Revue des Travaux de l’Office des Pêches Maritimes, Tome VII, fasc.<br />

2, No. 26: 117-193.<br />

Checklist; Fisheries/ commercial species.<br />

Belloc, G. 1938. Liste des poissons pélagiques et bathypelagiques capturés au cours de la cinquième<br />

croisière avec diagnoses préliminaires de deux espèces nouvelles. Revue des Travaux de l’Office<br />

des Pêches Maritimes, Tome 11: 281-313.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Belloc, G. 1949. Catalogue des types de poissons du Musée Océanographique de Monaco. Bulletin<br />

de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 958: 1-23 + 3 plates.<br />

Checklist; Museum collection/ catalogs.<br />

Observations: The indication given by <strong>the</strong> author that <strong>the</strong> stations 2103 and 2108 are 100miles north<br />

<strong>of</strong> Corvo is wrong. They are located southwest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, respectively at 31º38’N, 42º42’W<br />

and 31º44’30’’N, 42º49’W.<br />

Berry, F. H. 1959. Young jack crevalles (Caranx species) <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern Atlantic coast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

United States. Fishery Bulletin, 152 (59): 417-535.<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry; Development/ larvae<br />

and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology/ reproduction. .<br />

Bertelsen, E. 1951. The Ceratioid <strong>fishes</strong> - Ontogeny, taxonomy, distribution and biology. Dana-<br />

Report, No. 39: 1- 276 (141 figures in text + 1 plate).<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry; Development/ larvae<br />

and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises; Ethology; Parasitology.<br />

Bertelsen, E. 1986a. Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 1373-1375 in: P. J. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C.<br />

Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-east Atlantic and <strong>the</strong><br />

Mediterranean. Vol. III. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Bertelsen, E. 1986b. Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 1378-1380 in: P. J. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C.<br />

Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-east Atlantic and <strong>the</strong><br />

Mediterranean. Vol. III. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

141

---

142<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Bertelsen, E. & G. Krefft 1988. The ceratioid family Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces: Lophiiformes).<br />

Steenstrupia, 14 (2): 9- 89.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Bertelsen, E., G. Krefft & N. B. Marshall 1976. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Notosudi<strong>da</strong>e. Dana-Report,<br />

No. 86: 1-114 + 1 plate.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bertin, L. 1932. Une espèce rarissime de poisson hétérosome Arnoglossus Rüppeli (Cocco). Bulletin<br />

de la Société Zoologique de France, Tome LVII: 495-505.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution/ occurrences.<br />

Bertin, L. 1934. Les poissons Apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Lyomères. Dana-Report, No. 3:<br />

1-56 + 2 plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Geographical<br />

distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Ecology; Scientific expeditions/ cruises; .<br />

Bertin, L. 1936. Titres et Travaux Scientifiques. Impressions Blondel La Rougery, Paris: 87pp.<br />

Bibliography; History/ marine research; Scientific divulgation .<br />

Bertin, L. 1937. Les poissons abyssaux du genre Cyema Gün<strong>the</strong>r (Anatomie, Embryologie,<br />

Bionomie). Dana-Report, No. 10: 1-30.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Development/ larvae and juveniles;<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises/ stations.<br />

Bertin, L. 1938. Formes nouvelles et formes larvaires de poissons Apodes appartenant au sous-order<br />

des Lyoméres. Dana-Report, No. 15: 1-26 + 2 plates.<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/<br />

morphometry/ meristics; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bertin, L. 1940. Catalogue des types de poissons du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle.Bulletin<br />

du Muséum, 2 e série, XII, 6: 244-322.<br />

Systematics; Checklist.<br />

Bigelow, H. B & W. C. Schroeder 1948. Sharks. Pp. 59-546 in: J. Tee-Van, C. M. Breder, S. F.<br />

Hildebrand, A. E. Parr & W. C. Schroeder (eds.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> western north Atlantic. Number<br />

One. Part One. Lancelets, Cyclostomes, Sharks. Memoir Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research,<br />

Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Bigelow, H. B & W. C. Schroeder 1953. Saw<strong>fishes</strong>, Guitar<strong>fishes</strong>, Skates and Rays. Pp. 1-514 in: J.<br />

Tee-Van (ed.) Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> western north Atlantic. Number One. Part Two: Saw<strong>fishes</strong>,<br />

Guitar<strong>fishes</strong>, Skates, Rays and Chimaeroids. Memoir Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research,<br />

Yale University, New Haven.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist;Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Bini, G. 1968. Atlante dei pesci delle coste Italiane. Vol. V: Osteitti. Mondo Sommerso Editrice,<br />

Roma: 175pp.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Böhlke, E. B 1966. Order Lyomeri. Pp. 603-625 in: E. B. Böhlke (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North<br />

Atlantic. Number One, Part Five: Order Iniomi. Order Lyomeri. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> Research, Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Texas.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist.<br />

Böhlke, E. B, J. E. McCosker & J. E. Böhlke 1989. Family Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 104-206 in: E. B.<br />

Böhlke (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One, Part Nine, Volume One:<br />

Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong><br />

Research. Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology; Ethology.<br />

Bolin, R. 1959. Iniomi, Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North<br />

Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 7, Bergen: 1-45 (with 7 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Borodin, N. A. 1931. North-Atlantic deep-sea <strong>fishes</strong>. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative<br />

Zoölogy, Harvard College, 72 (3): 55-89.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: O<strong>the</strong>r species cited by <strong>the</strong> author but not included in <strong>the</strong> list: Myctophinae sp. and<br />

Cyclothone sp.<br />

Bougis, P. 1945. Notes sur les Beryx poissons de pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur. Bulletin de l’Institut<br />

Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 891: 1-10.<br />

Systematics; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Boulenger, G. A. 1895. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Perciform <strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> British Museum, I: 391pp. (+ 15<br />

plates).<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Bouvier, E.- L. 1907. Quelques impressions d’un naturaliste au cours d’une campagne scientifique<br />

de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco (1905). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 93: 1-103.<br />

History.<br />

Observations: An interesting paper concerning <strong>the</strong> research conducted by <strong>the</strong> Prince <strong>of</strong> Monaco in<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> and <strong>the</strong> scientific role played by Coronel Afonso Chaves in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Brauer, A. 1906. Die Tiefseefische. 1. Systematischer Teil. (Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-<br />

1899. Bd. XV) “Valdivia”, Iena, 15 (1): 420 pp (+ 16 pales, 2 maps).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: There are no stations in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. All records are <strong>of</strong> secon<strong>da</strong>ry degree.<br />

Brian, A. 1908. Note préliminaire sur les Copépodes parasites des poissons provenant des<br />

campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco ou déposés <strong>da</strong>ns les<br />

143

---

144<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

collections du Musée océanographique. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 110: 1-19.<br />

Parasitology.<br />

Observations: O<strong>the</strong>r species The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Macrurus sp. and Spinax (?) sp.<br />

Brian, A. 1912. Copépodes parasites des poissons et des Échinides provenants des Campagnes<br />

Scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert Ier du Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques<br />

Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule XXXVIII,<br />

Imprimerie du Monaco. 58pp. (+ 12 plates).<br />

Parasitology; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Briggs, J. C. 1955. A monograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cling<strong>fishes</strong> (Order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyological<br />

Bulletin, 6: 1-224.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Geographical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Briggs, J. C. 1966. Oceanic islands, endemism and marine paleotemperatures. Systematic Zoology,<br />

15 (2), 153-163.<br />

Biogeography/ zoogeography; <strong>Marine</strong> geology; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Briggs, J. C. 1970. A faunal history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Zoology, 19 (1), 19-34.<br />

Biogeography/ zoogeography; <strong>Marine</strong> geology; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Briggs, J. C. 1974. <strong>Marine</strong> Zoogeography. McGraw-Hill Book Company, xi + 475 pp.<br />

Biogeography/ zoogeography.<br />

Brito, A. 1983. Tres especies nuevas para la fauna ictiológica de las Islas Canarias: Hoplostethus<br />

mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829, Sphoeroides cutaneus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1870) y Blennius pilicornis<br />

Cuvier, 1829 (Pisces: Teleostei). Vieraea, 12 (1/2): 17-26.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new records; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry.<br />

Brum, J. M. M. 1992. Note on <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great-white shark Charcharodon charcharias<br />

(Linnaeus, 1758) in <strong>the</strong> waters <strong>of</strong> São Miguel, <strong>Azores</strong>. Açoreana, 7 (3): 517-521.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new record; Anatomy/ morphometry .<br />

Brum, J. M. M. & J. M. N. Azevedo 1995. First record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Galapagos Shark Carcharinus<br />

galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) (Carcharini<strong>da</strong>e) on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Boletim do Museu<br />

Municipal do Funchal, Supl. No. 4: 139-143.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/ new record.<br />

Bruslé, J. 1985. Exposé synoptique des données biologiques sur les mérous Epinephelus aeneus<br />

(Ge<strong>of</strong>froy Saint Hilaire, 1809) et Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758) de l’océan Atlantique et<br />

de la Méditerranée. FAO, Synopse sur les Pêches, No. 129: vi + 1-64.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Evolution/ phylogeny; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution/ migration/ populations dynamics/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction/ age/<br />

growth; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Parasitology; Ethology; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Bruun, A. F. 1934. Cypsilurus lineatus in L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Bruun, A. F. 1935. Flying-<strong>fishes</strong> (Exocoeti<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic - Systematic and biological studies.<br />

Dana-Report, 6: 1-108.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Biology/ reproduction; Geographical distribution; Ecology; Evolution.<br />

Bruun, A. F. 1936. Sur la distribution de quelques poissons océaniques d’après les Expéditions<br />

Danoises. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 700: 1-<br />

16.<br />

Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Bruun, A. F. 1937. Contributions to <strong>the</strong> life histories <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deep sea eels: Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Dana-Report, No. 9: 1- 31 + 1 plate.<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Biology/ growth; Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry;<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/<br />

stations. .<br />

Busakhin, S. V. 1982. Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Beryci<strong>da</strong>e (Osteichthyes) in <strong>the</strong><br />

world ocean. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 22 (6): 1-21.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Cadenat, J. 1937. Recherches systématiques sur les Poissons littoraux de la Côte Occidentale<br />

d’Afrique, récoltés par le navire Président Théodore-Tissier, au cours de sa 5 e croisière (1936).<br />

Revue des Travaux de l’Office Scientifique et Technique des Pêches Maritimes, Tome X,<br />

Fascicule 4, No. 40: 421-562.<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: This author also mentions <strong>the</strong> species Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam:<br />

139.3.1) for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (Horta). It seems very unlikely that Cadenat has mistaken <strong>the</strong> species,<br />

which he knew ra<strong>the</strong>r well from African examples. However, as we can assure that it does not occur<br />

in recent times at <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, we decided not to include it in <strong>the</strong> catalogue. It may happen that <strong>the</strong><br />

fish listed by Cadenat (1937) was wrongly labeled, having been caught in ano<strong>the</strong>r station <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

cruise.<br />

Calvário, J. R., J. C. Marques & M. A. Pousa<strong>da</strong> 1980. Ocurrence <strong>of</strong> Sphoeroides cutaneus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

1870) (Pisces, Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Portuguese coast. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2ª série,<br />

vol. VII, No. 10: 131-138.<br />

Geographical distribution; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Capello, F. de B. 1871a. Primeira lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes <strong>da</strong> Ilha <strong>da</strong> Madeira, <strong>Açores</strong> e <strong>da</strong>s possessões d’<br />

Africa que existem no museu de Lisboa. Jornal de Sciencias Ma<strong>the</strong>maticas Physicas e Naturaes,<br />

Tomo III, Num. XI - Março de 1871 -: 194-202.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Observations: This paper does not cite any species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Capello, F. de B. 1871b. Primeira lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes <strong>da</strong> Ilha <strong>da</strong> Madeira, <strong>Açores</strong> e <strong>da</strong>s possessões d’<br />

Africa que existem no museu de Lisboa (continuação). Jornal de Scientias Ma<strong>the</strong>maticas<br />

Physicas e Naturaes, Tomo III, Num. XII - Dezembro de 1871 -: 280-282.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Observations: This paper does no cite any species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

145

---

146<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Capello, F. de B. 1871c. Primeira lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes <strong>da</strong> Ilha <strong>da</strong>Madeira, <strong>Açores</strong> e <strong>da</strong>s possessões d’<br />

Africa que existem no museu de Lisboa (continuação). Jornal de Scientias Ma<strong>the</strong>maticas<br />

Physicas e Naturaes, Tomo III, Num. XIII: 83-88.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Observations: Refers two specimens <strong>of</strong> Hippocampus sp.?, caught in S. Miguel Island by Mr. Canto<br />

and Mr. Valdez.<br />

Carpine-Lancre, J. & L. V. C. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1992. Souverains Océanographes. Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Calouste<br />

Gulbenkian, Lisboa: 178pp.<br />

History/ marine research; Oceanography.<br />

Carqueja, B. 1894. Os <strong>Açores</strong>. Notas instantaneas. Biblio<strong>the</strong>ca <strong>da</strong> Autonomia <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Volume<br />

II: 1-43.<br />

History.<br />

Observations: Paper with generic notes concerning <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Caruso, J. H. 1989. Systematics and Distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Chaunacid Angler<strong>fishes</strong> (Pisces:<br />

Lophiiformes). Copeia, 1989 (1): 153-165.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Carvalho, F. P. 1982. Chlorophtalmus agassizi Bonaparte, 1840 (Pisces, Chlorophtalmi<strong>da</strong>e):<br />

famille, genre et espèce nouveaux pour la faune marine du Portugal. Arquivos do Museu Bocage,<br />

Série B (Notas), vol. II, No. 2: 9-14.<br />

Geographical distribution; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics.<br />

Chabanaud, P. 1932. Dollfusina rueppelli in L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Chabanaud, P. 1933. Poissons hétérosomes recueillis par M. le Pr<strong>of</strong>esseur A. Gruvel et par MM R.-<br />

Ph. Dollfus et J. Lioouvile sur la côte atlantique du Maroc. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences<br />

Naturelles du Maroc, No. XXXV: 1-111 + 2 planches.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Chabanaud, P. 1939. Catalogue systématique et chorologique des Téléostéens dyssymétriques du<br />

Globe. Bulletin de l’Institute Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 763: 1-<br />

31.<br />

Checklist.<br />

Chabanaud, P. 1950. Sur deux espèces de poissons du genre Symphurus de l´Atlantique oriental.<br />

Annals & Magazine <strong>of</strong> Natural History, Twelfth Series, Vol. 3, No. 31: 508-511.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Chaves, F. A. 1905. Bibliographia Zoologica <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa. 8pp.<br />

(Facsimiled edition: Arquivo <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Vol. XIII, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 1983. Pp. 200-<br />

208).<br />

History/ history <strong>of</strong> science.<br />

Observations: This paper, with historical interest, gives an account <strong>of</strong> zoological research made in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. This paper is not referred in <strong>the</strong> text. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Chaves, F. A. 1911. Introdução de algumas especies zoologicas na Ilha de S. Miguel depois <strong>da</strong> sua<br />

descoberta (Conferencia realisa<strong>da</strong> no A<strong>the</strong>neu Commercial no dia 14 de Janeiro de 1909) Typ.<br />

do "Diario <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>", Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, S. Miguel, <strong>Açores</strong>: 1- 22. .<br />

History.<br />

Observations: This paper concerns <strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but without reference to<br />

marine <strong>fishes</strong>. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Chícharo, L. M. Z. & M. A. Teodósio 1990. Ictioplâncton in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e<br />

Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1: 92-104.<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Plankton; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Trachurus spp., Gaidropsarus spp., Diplodus<br />

spp., Ctenolabrus rupestris, Sphoeroides spp., Gobii<strong>da</strong>e and Bothi<strong>da</strong>e. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />

circulation.<br />

Christiansson, E. Th. 1957. How <strong>the</strong> “Albatross” became a research vessel. Reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Swedish<br />

Deep-Sea Expedition 1947-1948, Volume I, No. 2: 125-142.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises; History/ marine research.<br />

Clark, R. S. 1913. Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: “Scotia” collection <strong>of</strong> Atlantic <strong>fishes</strong> (In:<br />

Report <strong>of</strong> Scientific Research Voyage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Scotia”, Scottish Natational Antarctic Expedition,<br />

Vol. IV, Part XVI. Pp. 375-402, 5figs), Edimburg, 1915.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Clarke, M. & H. Martins 1995. <strong>Marine</strong> Azorean foodsweebs: <strong>the</strong> known, <strong>the</strong> unknown and <strong>the</strong><br />

unlikely. Relatório <strong>da</strong> XIII Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 13 (1994): 73-80.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: This paper is based, partially, on <strong>the</strong> examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stomach contents <strong>of</strong> Xiphias<br />

gladius, mainly, and Dalatias licha. Besides <strong>the</strong> species included in <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>the</strong> authors refer<br />

to <strong>the</strong> following genus Pagellus, Coelorhynchus, Aphanopus, Alepisaurus and Sciaena. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

identifications are based on fish parts (e.g. otoliths). ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Clarke, M. R., D. C. Clarke, H. Martins & H. M. Silva 1995. The diet <strong>of</strong> swordfish (Xiphias gladius)<br />

in Azorian waters. Arquipélago. Life and Earth Sciences, 13A: 53-69.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: The article is a study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> diet <strong>of</strong> Xiphias gladius. Besides <strong>the</strong> species included in <strong>the</strong><br />

checklist <strong>the</strong> authors refer to <strong>the</strong> following genus, Coelorhynchus sp., Epigonus spec. A and spec.<br />

B, Macrorhamphosus sp., Hoplostethus sp., Diaphus spp., Lampadena sp. and Lampanyctus sp.<br />

Clarke, R. 1950. The bathypelagic angler fish Ceratias holbölli Kröyer. Discovery Reports, Vol.<br />

XXVI: 1-32.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Clarke, R. 1956. Sperm whale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Discovery Reports, Vol. XXVIII: 237-298. [also<br />

published as a summary in 1956: A biologia <strong>dos</strong> cachalotes captura<strong>dos</strong> nos <strong>Açores</strong> (bi-lingual).<br />

Notas e Estu<strong>dos</strong> do Instituto de Biologia Marítima, 10: 11pp.].<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: This paper deals with feeding ecology and general biology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sperm whale<br />

(Physeter macrocephalus) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

147

---

148<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cligny, A. 1905. Poissons des côtes d’Espagne et du Portugal (Océan Atlantique): Deuxième partie.<br />

Annales de la Station Aquicole de Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pêches et Biologie <strong>Marine</strong>), Nouvelle<br />

Série, Volume I: 70-92.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Cohen, D. M. 1960. Isospondyli. 3. Argentinoidea (Argentini<strong>da</strong>e and Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e). Report on<br />

<strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume<br />

IV, Part II, 9, Bergen: 1-5 (with 1 figure in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Cohen, D. M. 1964. Order Isospondyli. Suborder Argentinoidea. pp. 1-70 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.).<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part<br />

(Argentinoids, Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears<br />

Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Development;<br />

Ecology .<br />

Cohen, D. M., T. Inata, T. Iwamoto & N. Scialabba 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10.<br />

Gadiformes <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong><br />

cods, hakes, grenadiers and o<strong>the</strong>r gadiform <strong>fishes</strong> known to <strong>da</strong>te. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No.<br />

125, Vol. 10: x + 442pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology;<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Collett, R. 1889a. Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle. I Sur<br />

un genre nouveau de la famille des Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,<br />

XIV: 123-125.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1889b. Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle. II Sur<br />

un genre nouveau de la famille des Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,<br />

XIV: 292-293.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1889c. Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle. II<br />

Description d’une espéce nouvelle du genre Hoplostethus. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de<br />

France, XIV: 306-308.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1890a. Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle. V<br />

Description de deux espéces nouvelles du genre Onus Risso. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique<br />

de France, 15: 105-109.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1890b. Sur quelques poissons rapportés de Madère par le Prince de Monaco. Bulletin de<br />

la Société Zoologique de France, 15: 218-224.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/ occurences; Checklist.<br />

Collett, R. 1892. Oversigt over de tri-cirrate arter <strong>of</strong> slagten Onus. Forhandlinger i<br />

Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania, 1891, 11: 1-17 .<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Collett, R. 1896a. Poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht L´Hirondelle (1885-1888). Résultats<br />

des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du<br />

Monaco, Fascicule X, Imprimerie du Monaco. 1-198 (+ 6 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1896b. Le genre Cyclothone Goode & Bean. II Description d’une espéce nouvelle<br />

recueillie par S. A. Le Prince de Monaco. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, XXI: 99-<br />

102.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy; Development/ eggs; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Collett, R. 1897. Om en Samling Fiske fra Azoreme, tilhørende Museet i Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. Archiv for<br />

Ma<strong>the</strong>matik og Naturvidenskab, 19 (7): 1-17.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Museum collection.<br />

Collett, R. 1905. On some <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> sea <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 28 (21/22):<br />

723-730.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Museum collection.<br />

Collette, B. B. & L. N. Chao 1975. Systematics and morphology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bonitos (Sar<strong>da</strong>) and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

relatives (Scombri<strong>da</strong>e, sardini). Fishery Bulletin, 73 (3): 516-625.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Geographic distribution; Evolution.<br />

Collette, B. B. & C. E. Nauen 1983. Scombrids <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue<br />

<strong>of</strong> tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to <strong>da</strong>te. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No 125,<br />

Vol. 2: vii + 1-137.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology.<br />

Collette, B. B & C. R Aadland 1996. Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate tunas (Scombri<strong>da</strong>e, Auxis) with<br />

descriptions <strong>of</strong> two new subspecies from <strong>the</strong> eastern Pacific. Fishery Bulletin, 94: 423-441.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ comparative morphology; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Collette, B. B & N. V. Parin 1970. Needle<strong>fishes</strong> (Beloni<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic ocean. Atlantide<br />

Report, no. 11: 7-60.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ comparative morphology; Checklist;<br />

Geographical distribution; Parasitology.<br />

Collignon, J. & H. Aloncle 1972. Cataloque raisonné des poissons des mers marocaines. Bulletin de<br />

l’Institut des Peches Maritimes, 1ére partie, 19: 163pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology. .<br />

Collignon, J. & H. Aloncle 1973. Cataloque raisonné des poissons des mers marocaines. Bulletin de<br />

l’Institut des Peches Maritimes, 2éme partie, 21: 267pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology. .<br />

Collins, B. L. 1954. Lista de peixes <strong>dos</strong> mares <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, II (5): 1-40.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ vernacular names.<br />

Compagno, J. J. V. 1984. Sharks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong> shark<br />

species known to <strong>da</strong>te. Part 1- Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Part 2- Carchariniformes. FAO<br />

Fisheries Synopsis, No 125, Vol. 4, Part 1 and 2, Rome: viii + 1-249; x + 250-655.<br />

149

---

150<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology;<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Cort, J. L. & J. C. Rey 1984. Distribucion geografica de Atun Rojo (Thunnus thynnus, L.) juvenil<br />

del Atlantico Este, Mediterraneo Occidental y Adriatico. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 20 (2): 298-318.<br />

Geographical distribution; Fisheries biology; Ecology/ migration; Development/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Crowley, T. J. 1981. Temperature and circulation changes in <strong>the</strong> eastern North Atlantic during <strong>the</strong><br />

last 150,000 years: evidence from <strong>the</strong> planktonic foraminiferal record. <strong>Marine</strong><br />

Micropaleontolology; 6 (2), 97-129.<br />

Oceanography/ climate; Plankton.<br />

Cuvier, G & A. Valenciennes 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris, Strasbourg, Vol. 11: xx<br />

+ 506 pp.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution;<br />

Museum collections; Natural history.<br />

D’Ancona, U. 1929. Anguilla anguilla. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

D’Ancona, U. 1931. Chimaera monstrosa. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Dabney, R. L. 1977. Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dabney family in Fayal. Press <strong>of</strong> Alfred Mudge & Son. Boston<br />

U. S. A. (3 Volumes).<br />

History.<br />

Desbruyères, D. & A. M. Alayse 1995. Compte- rendu de la campagne DIVA 2 -31 mai au 4 juillet<br />

1994- IFREMER DRO/EP No. 95-56-AMA: pages not numbered.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ technology; Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L. 1991. Pesca exploratória com palangre em águas <strong>dos</strong> grupos central e oriental do<br />

Arquipélago <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> (1979-1983). Relatórios Técnicos e Científicos do INIP, Lisboa (46)<br />

Novembro 1991. 26p., il.<br />

Fisheries biology; Fisheries/ cruises/ technology; Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L. & I. F. Barraca 1971. Sobre a pesca de tunídeos nas costas de Portugal continental e<br />

ilhas <strong>da</strong> Madeira e <strong>Açores</strong> (1961-1970). Boletim Informativo do Instituto de Biologia Marítima,<br />

No.2: 14pp.<br />

Fisheries/ technology/ commercial species.<br />

Observations: The authors also refer for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Euthynnus alletteratus (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 157.3.1.),<br />

species which is not included in <strong>the</strong> present checklist. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L. & A. Cascalho 1991. Experiências de pesca com palangre em águas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Relatório <strong>da</strong> XI Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 11 (1990): 139-156.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Fisheries biology; Fisheries/ cruises/ technology; Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L. & M. C. Monteiro 1986. Pesca exploratória e observações hidrológicas em águas <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>. 22pp. + 47 tabelas + 4pp. + 25 figuras.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology; Oceanography.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L., M. H. Krug & H. M. Silva 1990. Estu<strong>dos</strong> de apoio às pescas açoreanas. Campanha<br />

“<strong>Açores</strong> 1/83”. Relatórios Técnicos e Científicos do INIP, Lisboa (22) Março 1990, 94p., il.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology; Oceanography; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: Also refers Raja sp. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dias, M. L., K. Olsen, & O. J. Østvedt 1976. Report on a cruise by <strong>the</strong> R. V. “G. O. Sars” to <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong> and <strong>the</strong> coast <strong>of</strong> Portugal. International Council for <strong>the</strong> Exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sea, C.M.<br />

1976/J: 12, Pelagic Fish (Sou<strong>the</strong>rn) Committee: 44pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology; Oceanography; Plankton; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Ecology/<br />

demography.<br />

Observations: Also refers Diaphus sp. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Dooley, J. K., J. V. Tassell & A. Brito 1985. An Annotated Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shore<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Canary Islands. American Museum Novitates, 2824: 1-49.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

DOP 1993. Peixes Marinhos <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Uma colecção de ilustrações/ <strong>Marine</strong> Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. A selected collection <strong>of</strong> illustrations. Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas.<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Nova Gráfica, L<strong>da</strong>., Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>. i + 14 pp. + 13 plates (bilingual:<br />

Portuguese and English).<br />

Scientific divulgation/ illustrations.<br />

Observations: Original illustrations (by J. P. Barreiros) and text concerning common <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. All drawings are based on specimens collected in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Drouët, H. 1858. Rapport a Sa Majesté Le Roi de Portugal sur un Voyage d’Exploration<br />

Scientifique aux îles <strong>Açores</strong>. Mémoires de la Société Académique de l’Aube, Tome XXII<br />

(extrait): 1-3.<br />

Scientific expeditions; Natural history.<br />

Drouët, H. 1861a. Voyage d’Exploration Scientifique aux Iles <strong>Açores</strong>, effectué par MM. Morelet et<br />

Drouët pen<strong>da</strong>nt le printemps et l’été de 1857. Annales de la Société Linneénne de Maine et<br />

Loire, Tome IV, 4e Année: 81-98.<br />

Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: Reproduces, with a few alterations, <strong>the</strong> report <strong>da</strong>ted 1958.<br />

Drouët, H. 1861b. Éléments de la Faune Açoréenne. J. B. Bailliére & Fils, Paris: 245pp.<br />

Natural history; History/ ethnology; Checklist.<br />

Du Buit, M. H., C. Ozouf-Costaz & J. C. Quéro 1989. Observation à Concarneau de Cryptopsaras<br />

couesi et Ceratias sp. (Pisces, Lophiiformes, Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e), espèces nouvelles pour la faune<br />

ichthyologique française. Leur distribution en Atlantique nord-est. Cybium, 13 (2): 192.<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

151

---

152<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Duhamel du Monceau, M. 1777. Traité Général des Pêches et Histoire des Poissons qu’elles<br />

fournissent, tant pour la subsitance des Hommes, que pour plusieurs autres usages qui on<br />

rapport aux arts et au commerce. Suite de la Seconde Partie. Tome Troisième, Paris: 320pp.<br />

Fisheries; Checklist.<br />

Observations: The work <strong>of</strong> Duhamel du Monceau (1777) as been placed on <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial index <strong>of</strong><br />

rejected and invalid works in zoology, because <strong>the</strong> author did not apply <strong>the</strong> principles <strong>of</strong> binomial<br />

nomenclature. Op. 859 (Eschmeyer 1990).<br />

Duncker, G. 1915. Revision der Syngnathi<strong>da</strong>e. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in<br />

Hamburg, Erster teil, 32: 9-120.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Duncker, G. 1934. Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ebeling, A. W. 1962. Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e I: Systematics and zoogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong><br />

bathypelagic fish genus Melamphaes Gün<strong>the</strong>r. Dana-Report, 58: 1-164.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist;<br />

Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography/ zoogeography; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Ebeling, A. W. & Weed III, W. H. 1963. Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e III: Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

species in <strong>the</strong> bathypelagic fish genus Scopelogadus Vaillant. Dana-Report, 60: 1-58.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist;<br />

Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ebeling, A. W. & Weed III, W. H. 1973. Order Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes). Pp. 397- 478.<br />

In D. M. Cohen, J. W. Atz, F. H. Berry, J. E. Bölke, R. H. Gibbs, E. A. Lachner, G. W. Mead &<br />

D. Mehinan (eds.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Six. Order<br />

Heteronomi (Notacanthiformes) Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, Lipogenyi<strong>da</strong>e. Suborder<br />

Cyprinodontoidei. Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformis) Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Trachichthy<strong>da</strong>e, Anomalopi<strong>da</strong>e, Holocentri<strong>da</strong>e, Anoplogasteri<strong>da</strong>e. Order Xenoberyces<br />

(Stephanoberyciformes) Gibberichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, Melamphi<strong>da</strong>e. Order<br />

Anacanthini (Gadiformes) in part Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. Memoir- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong><br />

Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphomrtry; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Edwards, A. 1986. A new <strong>da</strong>mselfish, Chromis lubbocki (Teleostei: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> Cape<br />

Verde Archipelago, with notes on o<strong>the</strong>r eastern Atlantic pomacentrids. Zoologische<br />

Mededelingen, 60 (12): 181-207.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ege, V. 1930. Contributions to <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and Mediterranean species <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> genus Paralepis Cuv., A Systematic and Biological Investigation. Report on <strong>the</strong> Danish<br />

Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-1910 to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas, Vol. II,<br />

Biology, A. 13: 1- 193 (with 37 figures and charts in <strong>the</strong> text).

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Biology; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Ege, V. 1932. Paralepis coregonoides borealis. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune<br />

Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer,<br />

Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ege, V. 1934. The genus Stomias Cuv., Taxonomy and Bio-Geography (based on adolescent and<br />

adult specimens). Dana-Report, No. 5: 1-58 (with 12 figures and charts in <strong>the</strong> text and 1 plate).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Biogeography/ zoogeography; Checklist;<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ege, V. 1939. A Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus Anguilla Shaw. A Systematic, Phylogenetic and<br />

Geographiocal study. Dana-Report, 16: 1-256 (with 53 figures and charts in <strong>the</strong> text and 6<br />

plates).<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Ege, V. 1948. Chauliodus Schn., Bathypelagic Genus <strong>of</strong> Fishes. A Systematic, Phylogenetic and<br />

Geographical Study. Dana-Report, No. 31: 1-56 (with 9 figures and 2 plates). .<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification keys/ new subspecies; Biogeography/ zoogeography; Anatomy/<br />

meristics/ morphology; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises/ stations.<br />

Ege, V. 1953. Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e I (Paralepis and Lestidium). Taxonomy, Ontogeny, Phylogeny and<br />

Distribution. Dana-Report, No. 40: 1-184 (with 33 figures in <strong>the</strong> text).<br />

Systematics/ identification keysdiagnosis/ new species; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Evolution/ phylogeny; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ege, V. 1957. Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e II (Macroparalepis). Taxonomy, Ontogeny, Phylogeny and<br />

Distribution. Dana-Report, No. 43: 1-101 (with 24 figures in <strong>the</strong> text).<br />

Systematics/ identification keysdiagnosis/ new species; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Evolution/ phylogeny; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ege, V. 1958. Omosudis Gün<strong>the</strong>r, Bathypelagic Genus <strong>of</strong> Fish. Dana-Report, No. 47: 1-19 (with 3<br />

figures in <strong>the</strong> text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Development/ larvae and juveniles;<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ehrich, S. 1977. Die Fischfauna der Groβen Meteorbank. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D<br />

- No. 25, Biologie: 1-23.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry/ comparative morphology/ meristics; Checklist; Ecology/ population<br />

dynamics/ feeding; Geographical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogegraphy; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Ellis, R. & J. E. McCosker 1991. Great White Shark. Harper Collins Publ. N.Y., xvi + 270pp.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ species monography.<br />

Eschmeyer, W. N. 1969. A systematic review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scorpion<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean (Pisces:<br />

Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e). Occasional Papers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> California Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, No. 79: 1-142.<br />

153

---

154<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist;<br />

Geographical distribution; Biogeography.<br />

Eschmeyer, W. N. 1990. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genera <strong>of</strong> Recent Fishes. California Academy <strong>of</strong><br />

Sciences, San Francisco. 697pp.<br />

Systematics; Bibliography.<br />

Esteves, E., P. Simões, H. M. Silva & J. P. Andrade 1995. Ageing <strong>of</strong> swordfish Xiphias gladius<br />

Linnaeus, 1788, from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, using sagittae, anal-fin spines and vertebrae. Arquipélago -<br />

Life and Earth Sciences, 13A: 39-51.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth; Fisheries biology.<br />

Fage, L. 1920. Engraulidæ, Clupeidæ. Report on <strong>the</strong> Dana Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-<br />

1910 to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas Vol. II. Biology, A. 9.: 1-140.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Fage, L. 1935. Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique<br />

Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not<br />

numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1932. La pesca dell’ "Albacora" nelle Azzorre. Note dell’Istituto Italo-Germanico di<br />

Biologia Marina di Rovigno d’Istria, 1932: 1-10 (+ 5 figures).<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1934. A viagem nupcial <strong>da</strong>s "Eirós" <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, I (1): 4-9.<br />

Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1937a. Escombri<strong>da</strong>s <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, I (4): 211-221.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy; Checklist; Fisheries; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1937b. O Arquipélago <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> na História <strong>da</strong>s Ciências. Reprint <strong>of</strong> Vol. I <strong>of</strong> “Petrus<br />

Nónius” (Publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Portuguese group <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Académie International d’Histoire des<br />

Sciences”). Bertrand (Irmãos), L<strong>da</strong>., Lisboa: 23pp.<br />

History.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1938. Ápo<strong>dos</strong> <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, II (1): 1-14.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy; Checklist; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1939. Seláceos <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, II (2): 79-97.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy; Checklist; Fisheries; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ferreira, E. 1940. A pesca <strong>da</strong> “Albacora” em 1938 e 1939 e “Pedicula<strong>dos</strong>” nos Açôres. Açoreana, II<br />

(3): 129-134.<br />

Scientific divulgation; Fisheries.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Ferreira, E. 1942. Peixes luminosos <strong>dos</strong> mares <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, III (1) [1942-1945]: 6-16.<br />

Checklist; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Fowler, H. W. 1919. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States Eclipse espedition to west Africa. Proceedings<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States National Museum, Vol. 56: 195-292.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Museum collection; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Fowler, H. W. 1936. The marine <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> west Africa, based on <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American<br />

Museum Congo Expedition 1909-15. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History,<br />

LXX, Part I & II: 1-1493.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution; Museum collection; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Frade, F. 1929. Sur quelques thons peu connus de l’Atlantique. Bulletin de la Société Portuguaise<br />

des Sciences Naturelles, Tome X, No. 20: 228-243.<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Frade, F. 1931a. Parathunnus obesus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Frade, F. 1931b. Neothunnus albacora. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Frade, F. 1931c. Donnés biométriques sur trois espèces de thon de l’Atlantique Oriental. (Thunnus<br />

thynnus (L.), Parathunnus obesus (Lowe) et Neothunnus albacora (Lowe)). Rapports et Procès-<br />

Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil Permanent International pour l’Exploration de la Mer,<br />

Copenhague, Volume LXX: 117-126.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry; Fisheries.<br />

Frade, F. 1960. Le thon patudo Parathunnus obesus (Lowe) et sa pêche. Estu<strong>dos</strong>, Ensaios e<br />

Documentos, Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, Lisboa, 69:1-74 (7 plates).<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution/ migration; Biology; Fisheries; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Fricke, R. 1981. Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus Synchiropus.Verlag von J. Cramer, Braunschweig. 194pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Frutuoso, G. 1983. Livro Terceiro <strong>da</strong>s Sau<strong>da</strong>des <strong>da</strong> Terra. Instituto Cultural de Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, 300<br />

pp.<br />

History.<br />

Observations: Printed edition <strong>of</strong> a manuscript written by one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most eminent Azorean historians<br />

born in 1522 and died in 1591. The species are mention only by <strong>the</strong>ir vernacular names.<br />

Gain, L. 1913. Campagne du Sylvana (Février-Juin 1913). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique<br />

(Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert I er de Monaco), No. 278: 1-17 (+ 1 chart).<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

155

---

156<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Garcez, A. G. 1982. Situação Actual <strong>dos</strong> Stocks de Tunídeos no Atlântico. Relatório <strong>da</strong> II Semana<br />

<strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 2 (1981): 113-119.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Geistdoerfer, P. & M. Rannou 1971. A propos des Chalinura méditerranéens (Téléostéens,<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin du Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 2 (42) 5: 1009-1018.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Geistdoerfer, P. & M. Rannou 1972. Poissons benthiques récoltés en Méditerrané ocidentale par le<br />

N. O. «Jean Charcot» (Campagne Plymède). Bulletin du Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle,<br />

Paris, 3 e série, No. 25, Zoologie 19: 101-110.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Geistdoerfer, P.; J.-C- Hureau & M. Rannou 1970. Deux poissons abyssaux nouveaux capturés <strong>da</strong>ns<br />

l´Atlantique Nord et Est: Bathytyphlops azorensis n. sp. (Ipnopi<strong>da</strong>e) et Lycenchelys<br />

labradorensis n. sp. (Zoarci<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin du Musée National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e<br />

Série, Tome 42, No. 3: 452-459.<br />

Systematics/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Biogepgraphy;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Geistdoerfer, P.; J.-C- Hureau & M. Rannou 1971. Liste préliminaire des espèces de poissons de<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur récoltées au cours de la campagne "Noratlante" du N.O. Jean Charcot en Atlantique<br />

Nord (août- octobre 1969). Bulletin du Musée National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 42 (6): 1177-<br />

1185.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Gibbs, R. H.(Jr.) 1964. Family Idiacanthi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 512-522 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part (Argentinoids,<br />

Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Gibbs, R. H.(Jr.) 1969. Taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, vertical distribution, and evolutionary<br />

zoogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bathypelagic fish genus Stomias (Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e). Smithsonian Contributions<br />

to Zoology, 31: 1-25.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification keys; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Geographical distribution/ zoogeography.<br />

Godman, Frederick du Cane 1870. Natural History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> or Western Islands. John Van<br />

Voorst, Paternoster Row, London: v +258.<br />

Natural history; History; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: In <strong>the</strong> chapter dedicated to <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> (p. 44) <strong>the</strong> author only considers freshwater<br />

habitats. On which concerns <strong>the</strong> eel he writes: "There is also a species <strong>of</strong> Eel, two specimens <strong>of</strong><br />

which were sent me after my return to england, -one from Flores and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r from St. Michael’s;<br />

both were in bad condition. Dr. Gün<strong>the</strong>r tells me that he can identify <strong>the</strong>m with Anguilla fluviatilis<br />

<strong>of</strong> Europe. M. Drouët says that Anguilla canariensis is an inhabitant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>; but he<br />

doubtless refers to <strong>the</strong> former species.".<br />

Golani, D. 1996. The marine ichthy<strong>of</strong>auna <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> easter levant. Israel Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology, 42: 15-55.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution/ occurence.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Golovan, G. A. 1976. Rare and firstly recorded Chondrostean and Teleostean <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

continental slope <strong>of</strong> west Africa. Transactions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> P. P. Sirskov Institut <strong>of</strong> Oceanololy, 104:<br />

278-317. (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution/<br />

occurence.<br />

Gonçalves, E. J., V. C. Alma<strong>da</strong>, A. J. Almei<strong>da</strong> & R. F. de Oliveira 1993. On <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />

Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) on <strong>the</strong> Portuguese coast. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Marine</strong> Biological Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, 73 (2): 465-467.<br />

Geographical distribution/ occurence; Anatomy/ meristics.<br />

Gonçalves, J. M. 1993. Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 (polvo-comum): sinopse <strong>da</strong> biologia e<br />

exploração. Provas de Aptidão Pe<strong>da</strong>gógica e Capaci<strong>da</strong>de Científica. Departamento de<br />

Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta, 447pp. + 3 anexos.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Octopus vulgaris biology and fisheries. Fishes are cited as food item <strong>of</strong> Octopus<br />

vulgaris. The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Seriola spp. MSc Thesis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />

circulation.<br />

Gonçalves, J. M. 1994. “Lucky Strike”, outras fontes hidrotermais, escorrências frias e relatório de<br />

participação na 2ª parte <strong>da</strong> campanha “DIVA-2”. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 3/94: 1-42.<br />

Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents; History/ marine research; Scientific expeditions/ cruises<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Gonçalves, J. M. & R. S. Santos 1994. Relatório <strong>da</strong> Campanha nº 14/94 do N/I “Arquipélago”<br />

(Ensaio preliminar de pesca de pr<strong>of</strong>undi<strong>da</strong>de com armadilhas dirigi<strong>da</strong>s a crustáceos e peixes).<br />

Arquivos do DOP, Série: Cruzeiros, 1/94: 1-4 + 3 anexos.<br />

Fisheries/ technology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Gonçalves, J. M., R. S. Santos, J. P. Barreiros & N. C. Serpa 1995. Caracterização <strong>da</strong> situação de<br />

referência <strong>da</strong>s comuni<strong>da</strong>des marinhas na zona de implantação do futuro porto de recreio de<br />

Angra do Heroísmo. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 5/95:1-15.<br />

Ecology/ demography; Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Goode, G. B. & T. H. Bean 1895. Oceanic Ichthyology (A treatise on <strong>the</strong> deep-sea and pelagic<br />

<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World, based chiefly upon <strong>the</strong> colections made by <strong>the</strong> steamers Blake, Albatross<br />

and Fish Hawk in <strong>the</strong> northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures). Smithsonian<br />

Institute, United States Natural Museum, Special Bulletin, no.2. [Smithsonian Contributions to<br />

Knowledge no. 981/982 and Memoirs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Harvard<br />

Colledge, 22], Washington: xxxv + 553 and xxiii + 26 + cxxiii plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Granadeiro, J. P., L. R. Monteiro, R. W. Furness & M. C. Silva 1995. The food <strong>of</strong> common terns<br />

Sterna hirundo in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Abstracts <strong>of</strong> papers presented at <strong>the</strong> 5th International Seabird<br />

Group conference. Glasgow, 24-26 March 1995. Pp. 20-21.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Grey, M. 1955. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Tetragonurus Risso. Dana-Report, 41: 1-75 (+ 16 figs.).<br />

157

---

158<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Evolution/<br />

phylogeny; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Biology/<br />

reproduction; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Grey, M. 1956. The distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> found below a depth <strong>of</strong> 2000 meters. Fieldiana: Zoology,<br />

36 (2): 75-337.<br />

Systematics; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Grey, M. 1964. Family Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 77-240 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western<br />

North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part (Argentinoids, Stomiatoids,<br />

Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong><br />

Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/<br />

phylogeny; Geographical distribution.<br />

Gudger, E. W. 1937. The natural history and Geographical distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pointed-tailed ocean<br />

sunfish (Masturus lanceolatus). Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Zoological Society <strong>of</strong> London, Ser. A: 353-<br />

397.<br />

Geographical distribution/ occurences; Development/ larvae and juveniles. .<br />

Guerne, J. de 1888. Excursions zoologiques <strong>da</strong>ns les Îles de Fayal et de San Miguel (<strong>Açores</strong>).<br />

Campagnes Scientifiques du yacht Monégasque L’Hirondelle. Gauthiers-Villars et Fils, Paris:<br />

111 pp. + 1 plate.<br />

Natural history; Scientific expeditions; History.<br />

Observations: A work with special interest for <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> zoological research in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Anguilla vulgaris (= Anguilla anguilla) is referred in freshwater streams <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> islands (pp.39, note<br />

2 and p. 66, Table VIII).<br />

Guiart, J. 1935. Cestodes parasites provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince<br />

Albert I er de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par<br />

Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule XCI:: 115pp.<br />

Parasitology; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Syngnathus pelagicus? and Coryphaena sp.<br />

Guimarães, A. R. P. 1882. Lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes <strong>da</strong> Ilha <strong>da</strong> Madeira, <strong>Açores</strong> e <strong>da</strong>s possessões portuguezas<br />

d’Africa, que existem no museu de Lisboa (Supplemento). Jornal de Sciencias Ma<strong>the</strong>maticas,<br />

Physicas e Naturaes, Tomo IX, Num. XXXIII - Julho de 1882 -: 30- 39.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ museum catalogs.<br />

Guimarães, A. R. P. 1884. Lista <strong>dos</strong> peixes <strong>da</strong> Ilha <strong>da</strong> Madeira, <strong>Açores</strong> e <strong>da</strong>s possessões portuguezas<br />

d’ Africa, que existem no museu de Lisboa (Segundo supplemento). Jornal de Sciencias<br />

Ma<strong>the</strong>maticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Num. XXXVII - Março de 1884 -: 11-28.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ museum catalogs.<br />

Guitel, F. 1904. Descriptions comparatives des Lepadogaster bimaculatus Pennant et microcephalus<br />

Brook. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, Vol II, 4: 357-495.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Guitel, F. 1919. Lepadogaster. Report on <strong>the</strong> Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-1910 to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas. Copenhagen, Vol. II, Biology, No. 6, A. 8: 1-9.<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1860. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fishes in <strong>the</strong> British Museum. Volume Second, xxi + 548pp.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1862. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fishes in <strong>the</strong> British Museum. Volume Fourth: xxi + 534pp.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1864. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fishes in <strong>the</strong> British Museum. Volume Fifth: xxii + 455pp.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1870. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fishes in <strong>the</strong> British Museum. Volume Eighth, A: xxv + 549pp.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogs.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1874. Notice <strong>of</strong> some new species from Morocco. Annals and Magazine <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />

History, 4 (13): 230-232.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Geographical distribution/ occurrences.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1887. Report on <strong>the</strong> Deep-Sea Fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during <strong>the</strong> years<br />

1873-1876. Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Voyage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> H. M. S. Challenger During <strong>the</strong><br />

Years 1873-1876, Zoology Vol. XXII,: viii + lxv +335pp. (+ 73 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: No fish species are referred for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>r, A. 1889. Report on <strong>the</strong> Pelagic Fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during <strong>the</strong> years<br />

1873-1876. Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Voyage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> H. M. S. Challenger During <strong>the</strong><br />

Years 1873-1876, Zoology Vol. XXXI, Part XXXVIII: 47pp. + 6 plates.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Haedrich, R. L. 1964. Food habits and young stages <strong>of</strong> North Atlantic Alepisaurus (Pisces, Iniomi).<br />

Breviora, 201: 1-15 (2 figs.).<br />

Ecology/ feeding; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also refer <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> an unidentified Urophycis (9mm SL) on <strong>the</strong><br />

stomach <strong>of</strong> an Alepisaurus ferox caught in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Haedrich, R. L. 1967. The stromateoid <strong>fishes</strong>; systematics and a classification. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 135 (2): 31-139.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Halli<strong>da</strong>y, R. G. 1970. Growth and vertical distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glacier lanternfish, Benthosema<br />

glaciale in <strong>the</strong> northwestern Atlantic. Journal Fisheries Research Board <strong>of</strong> Cana<strong>da</strong>, 27 (1): 105-<br />

116.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Hamer, K. C., D. R. Thompson, A. J. Rundle, S. A. Lewis & F. M. Stewart 1994. Mesopelagic fish<br />

eaten by Yellow-legged Herring Gulls Larus argentatus atlantis in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Seabird 16: 30-<br />

33.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Myctophum sp., Notoscopelus sp.,<br />

Protomyctophum sp., Symbolophorus sp., Coelorhynchus sp., Batrachoidi<strong>da</strong>e, Trachichthodes sp.,<br />

Beryx sp., Gobii<strong>da</strong>e (2 spp.).<br />

159

---

160<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Harmelin, J.-G. & M. Harmelin-Vivien 1979. Mission Bio-Océanographique 1979 aux <strong>Açores</strong>:<br />

Rapport Préliminaire. 4pp + 4 tables in: L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (Coord.). Missão Bio-Oceanográfica <strong>Açores</strong><br />

79. Julho/Agosto 1979. Facul<strong>da</strong>de de Ciências de Lisboa.<br />

Checklist; Ecology/ demography; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: The authors also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> <strong>the</strong> following species that were not considered<br />

valid for inclusion in <strong>the</strong> checklist: Gymnothorax maderensis, Dicentrachus labrax, Caranx<br />

lugubris, Labrus viridis, Blennius basilicus. The authors also cite, at <strong>the</strong> genus level Caranx sp.,<br />

Symphodus sp., Gobii<strong>da</strong>e spp., Scorpaena sp., Blennii<strong>da</strong>e sp. and Belone sp. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />

circulation.<br />

Harmelin-Vivien, M. L., J. G. Harmelin, C. Chauvet, C. Duval, R. Galzin, P. Lejeune, G. Barnabé,<br />

F. Blanc, R. Chevalier, J. Duclerc & G. Lasserre 1985. Évaluation visuelle des peuplements et<br />

populations de poissons: méthodes et problèmes. Revue d’Écologie (Terre Vie), vol. 40: 467-<br />

539.<br />

Ecology/ demography; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Harrisson, C. M. H. 1966. On <strong>the</strong> first Halosaur leptocephalus from Madeira. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> British<br />

Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 14 (8), 1966: 441-486.<br />

Systematics; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Ecology/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction; Geographical distribution.<br />

Harrisson, C. M. H. & G. P. Palmer 1968. On <strong>the</strong> neotype <strong>of</strong> Radicephalus elongatus Osório with<br />

remarks on its biology. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 16 (5): 187-<br />

211.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny;<br />

Ecology.<br />

Heemstra, P. C. 1991. A taxonomic revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic groupers (Pisces: Serrani<strong>da</strong>e).<br />

Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 43 (226): 5-71.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution; Ecology.<br />

Heemstra, P. C. & J. E. Ran<strong>da</strong>ll 1993. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World<br />

(Family Serrani<strong>da</strong>e, subfamily Epinephelinae) -An annotated and illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to <strong>da</strong>te- FAO Fisheries<br />

Synopsis, No. 125, Vol. 16: viii + 382pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology .<br />

Heldt, H. 1931. Thunnus thynnus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Hilgendorf, F. 1888a. Eine neue Salarias-Art vor, welche von Hernn Dr. H. Simroth bei den Açoren<br />

entdeckt wurde. Sitzungs- Berichten der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vom<br />

15 Mai 1888, Nr. 5: 79.<br />

Systematics/ new species.<br />

Hilgendorf, F. 1888b. Die Fische der Azoren. pp. 205-213. In H. Simroth (Ed.) Zur Keenntniss der<br />

Azorenfauna. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1 (3): 179-234.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections.<br />

Observations: Besides <strong>the</strong> references included in this paper, Hilgendorf still mentions ano<strong>the</strong>r four<br />

Caranx species: i) C. hippos (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 131.1.1.) (also cited by Fowler, 1936 and Arru<strong>da</strong>, 1992,

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

based on Hilgendorf 1988b). This species was not not included in <strong>the</strong> present checklist. Its<br />

occurrence would need fur<strong>the</strong>r confirmation. In recent times it was not seen around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, but<br />

its occurrence could be possible since its geographical distribution includes Portugal, Madeira and<br />

<strong>the</strong> east and west coasts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic; ii) Caranx georgianus; iii) Caranx sp. at <strong>the</strong> Museu Carlos<br />

Machado (species 26 op. cit.) and iv) Caranx sp., from von Simroth collections (species 28, op.<br />

cit.). C. hippos is cited upon an identification <strong>of</strong> a specimen present at <strong>the</strong> MCM and registered as<br />

Trachurus fallax. This name is a well known synonym <strong>of</strong> Trachurus picturatus. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four<br />

Caranx mentioned by Hilgendorf (1888b) can be assigned with certainty to any species.<br />

H<strong>of</strong>richter, R. & R. A. Patzner in press. A new species <strong>of</strong> Apletodon from <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean Sea<br />

and <strong>the</strong> eastern Atlantic with notes on <strong>the</strong> differentiation between Apletodon- and Diplecogasterspecies<br />

(Teleostei: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e). Senckenbergiana Biologica.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry.<br />

Observations: The species name given by <strong>the</strong> authors is Apletodon incognitus (H<strong>of</strong>richter & Patzner<br />

pers. com.).<br />

Hubbs, C. L. & R. L. Wisner 1980. Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sauries (Pisces, Scomberesoci<strong>da</strong>e) with<br />

descriptions <strong>of</strong> two genera and one new species. Fishery Bulletin, 77, 3: 521-566.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Biology/<br />

reproduction; Evolution/ phylogeny; Paleontology.<br />

Hureau (Ed.), J.-C. 1996. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-east Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. ETI Expert<br />

Center for Taxonomic Identification. UNESCO, Paris: 1 CD- ROM.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Hureau, J. C. & J. G. Nielsen 1981. Les poissons Ophidiiformes des campagnes du N. O. "Jean<br />

Charcot" <strong>da</strong>ns l’Atlantique et la Méditerranée. Cybium, 5 (3): 3-27.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

ICN 1993. Livro Vermelho <strong>dos</strong> Vertebra<strong>dos</strong> de Portugal. Vol. III - Peixes Marinhos e Estuarinos.<br />

Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente e do Consumidor. ICN, Lisboa: 146pp.<br />

Checklist; <strong>Marine</strong> conservation.<br />

Observations: Red book <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Portuguese marine and estuarine <strong>fishes</strong>.<br />

INIP 1985a. Programa de apoio às pescas nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Cruzeiros 020150479. Relatórios INIP,<br />

Lisboa (40) 1985: 26 pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology; Oceanography.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

INIP 1985b. Programa de apoio às pescas nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Cruzeiros 020150480, 02180780, 020290581<br />

e 020310781. Relatórios INIP, Lisboa (42) 1985: 201pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology; Oceanography; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

INIP 1985c. Programa de apoio às pescas nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Cruzeiros 020400782. Relatórios INIP,<br />

Lisboa (43) 1985: 52pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology; Oceanography.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

161

---

162<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Isidro, E. 1987. Contribuição para o estudo <strong>da</strong> biologia e pesca de boca-negra, Helicolenus<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus (De la Roche, 1809) <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VII Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>,<br />

7 (1986): 183-189.<br />

Biology/ age/ reproduction/ growth; Geographical distribution; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Isidro, E. 1989. Crescimento e reprodução de Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus (De la Roche, 1809).<br />

Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de Investigação. Departamento de Oceanografia e<br />

Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta. 40pp. + 2 anexos.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Isidro, E. J. 1996. Biology and population dynamics <strong>of</strong> selected demersal fish species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Archipelago. PhD Thesis. Department <strong>of</strong> Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University <strong>of</strong><br />

Liverpool: vi + 249pp (+ 3 appendices).<br />

Fisheries biology; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Isidro, H. A. 1988. A pesca <strong>dos</strong> pequenos pelágicos nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VIII Semana <strong>da</strong>s<br />

Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 8 (1987): 183-186.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Isidro, H. A. 1990a. Age and growth <strong>of</strong> Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Arquipélago - Life and Earth Sciences, 8, 45-54.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth; Fisheries/ statistics; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Isidro, H. A. 1990b. Estudo do Chicharro (Trachurus picturatus Bowdich, 1825) (Teleostei,<br />

Carangi<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de Investigação.<br />

Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta, 64 pp + anexos.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: Msc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Janssen, J. & G. R. Harbison 1981. Fish in salps: The association <strong>of</strong> squaretails (Tetragonurus spp.)<br />

with pelagic tunicates. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Biological Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, 61:<br />

917-927.<br />

Ecology/ feeding/ vertical distribution; Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Geographical distribution;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Jaquet, M 1905. Descriptions de quelques parties du squelette du Pseudotriacis microdon Capello.<br />

Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco, No. 36: 1-28 + 8 plates. [reprinted in 1940:<br />

Recueils de Travaux relatifs aux Campagnes du Prince Albert I er de Monaco (Protistologie,<br />

Zoologie, Physiologie, Bactériologie, Algologie, Pathologie). Résultats des Campagnes<br />

Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule<br />

CIII: Pp. 157-173].<br />

Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Jaquet, M. 1920. Contribution à l’anatomie comparée du Symenchelys parasiticus Gill. Résultats des<br />

Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I ee Prince Souverain de Monaco,<br />

Fascicule LVI: 78 pp. + 5 plates.<br />

Anatomy.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Jespersen, P. 1915. Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e (Argyropelecus and Sternoptyx). Report on <strong>the</strong> Dana<br />

Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-1910 to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranian and Adjacent Seas Vol. II.<br />

Biology, A. 2.: 1-41 (with 6 charts in text).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Jespersen, P. 1934. Argyropelecus aculeatus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique<br />

de l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-<br />

18 (cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

John, H.-Ch. 1983. Quantitative distribution <strong>of</strong> fry <strong>of</strong> beloniform <strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean.<br />

“Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D - No. 36, Biologie: 21-33.<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ demography; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Johnson, R. K. 1974. A revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alepisauroid family Scopelarchi<strong>da</strong>e, (Pisces<br />

Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoologica, 66: ix + 249.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography.<br />

Joubin, L. 1905. Cours d’Océanographie. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco, No. 45:<br />

1-185.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ education/ lectures.<br />

Klassen, G. J. 1995. Phylogeny and biogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ostraciinae (Tetraodontiformes:<br />

Ostracii<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Science, 57 (2): 393-441.<br />

Anatomy; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography; Geographical distribution. .<br />

Koefoed, E. 1927. Fishes from <strong>the</strong> sea-bottom from <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" north Atlantic deep-sea<br />

Expedition 1910. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -<br />

Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part I, 1927, Bergen: 1-148 (with 6 plates and 55 figures in<br />

text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1944. Pediculati. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic<br />

Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 1, Bergen: 1-18 (with 3 plates and 2 figures in<br />

text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1952. Zeomorphi, Percomorphi, Plectognathi. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

"Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 2, Bergen: 1-26<br />

(with 3 plates and 3 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1953. Synentognathi, Solenichthyes, Ancanthini, Berycomorphi, Xenoberyces. Report<br />

on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910,<br />

Volume IV, Part II, 3, Bergen: 1-38 (with 4 plates and 6 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Melamphaës mizolepis.<br />

163

---

164<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Koefoed, E. 1955. Iniomi (Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e exclusive), Lyomeri, Apodes. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific<br />

Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 4,<br />

Bergen: 1-15 (with 2 plates and 3 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1956. Isospondyli. 1. Gymnophotodermi and Lepiphotodermi Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific<br />

Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 5,<br />

Bergen: 1-21 (with 3 plates and 2 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1958. Isospondyli. 2. Heterophotodermi. 1. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

"Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 6, Bergen: 1-17<br />

(with 1 plate and 2 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1960. Isospondyli. 2. Heterophotodermi. 2. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

"Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 8, Bergen: 1-15<br />

(with 1 plate and 9 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Koefoed, E. 1962. Isospondyli. 2. Heterophotodermi. 3. Report on <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

"Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep -Sea Expedition 1910, Volume IV, Part II, 10, Bergen: 1-14<br />

(with 2 plate and 2 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Argyropelecus sp.<br />

Krefft, G. 1970. Zur systematik und Verbreitung der Gattung Lampadena Good & Bean, 1896<br />

(Osteichthyes, Myctophoidei, Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e) im Atlantischen Ozean, mit Beschreibung einer<br />

neuen Art. Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission für Meeresforschung, 21<br />

(1970), H. 1-4: 271-284.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Krefft, G. 1976. Distribution patterns <strong>of</strong> oceanic <strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean. Selected problems. In<br />

J. C. Hureau & K. Banister. Actes du 2 ème Congrès européen des ichthyologistes. Revue des<br />

Travaux de l’ Institut Scientifique et Technique des Pêches Maritimes, 40 (3-4): 439-460 (13<br />

fig.).<br />

Biogeography; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ demography/ vertical distribution/ migration;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Krefft, G. 1983. Taxonomy and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish-genus Ichthyococcus (Bonaparte, 1841)<br />

(Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e Weitzman, 1974) in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean. Investigación Pesquera, 47 (2): 295-<br />

309.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Krefft, G. 1985. Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e (Osteichthyes, Argentinoidei) dreier Reisen der<br />

Fischereiforschungsschiffe “Anton Dohrn” und “Wal<strong>the</strong>r Herwig” in den Nor<strong>da</strong>tlantik. Archiv<br />

für Fischereiwissenschaft, 36 (1/2): 213-233.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Krefft, G. 1987. Typespecimens <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> collections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institut für Seefischerei, Hamburg,<br />

part II. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Seefischerei, 42: 69-89.<br />

Systematics; Checklist.<br />

Krug, H. M. 1986. O goraz Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) do mar <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> - crescimento<br />

e reprodução. Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de Investigação. Departamento de<br />

Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta. 93pp.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Fisheries biology.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Krug, H. M. 1989. The Azorean blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünich, 1768)<br />

(Teleostei: Spari<strong>da</strong>e): age and growth. Cybium, 13 (4): 347-355.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Krug, H. M. 1991. The Azorean blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünich, 1768)<br />

(Teleostei, Spari<strong>da</strong>e). Reproductive cycle, hermafrodism, maturity and fecundity. Cybium, 14<br />

(2): 151-159.<br />

Biology/ reproduction; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Krug, H. M. 1995. Biologia e Avaliação do stock Açoreano de Goraz, Pagellus bogaraveo. Tese de<br />

Doutoramento. Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta.<br />

193pp.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Krug, H. M. & H. M. Silva 1989. Avaliação do stock açoriano de goraz. Relatório <strong>da</strong> IX Semana<br />

<strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 9 (1988): 231-235.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper does not include scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />

circulation.<br />

Kukuyev, E. I. & I. I. Konovalenko 1988. Two new species <strong>of</strong> sharks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Scymno<strong>da</strong>latias<br />

(Dalatii<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Pacific Oceans. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology,<br />

28 (1): 122-126.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification keys/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Künne 1929. Entelurus æquoreus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Kyle, H. M. 1913. Flat-<strong>fishes</strong> (Heterosomata) Report on <strong>the</strong> Dana Oceanographical Expeditions<br />

1908-1910 to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas Vol. II. Biology, A. 1.: 1-150 (with 4 plates,<br />

7 charts and 30 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Lacepède, B. G. E. 1798. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Vol. 1: 1-8 + i-cxlvii+ 1-532. Plates 1-25,<br />

1 table.<br />

Natural history; Checklist; Biology.<br />

165

---

166<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Lampe, M. 1914. Die Fische der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. III. Die Hochsee- und<br />

Küstenfische. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des<br />

Innern Herausgegeben von Erich von Drygalski leiter der Expedition, XV.Band, Zoologie VII.<br />

Band, Heft II, (Berlin, Druck und Verlag von George ): 201-256 (+ 3 plates).<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Laurent, L. & P. Lejeune 1988. Coexistence en Méditerranée de deux livrées terminales différentes<br />

chez la girelle Coris julis (Pisces, Labri<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 12 (1): 91-95.<br />

Anatomy/ comparative morphology; Ethology.<br />

Lea, E. 1913. Muraenoid Larvae from <strong>the</strong> “Michael Sars” North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition<br />

1910. Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Michael Sars” North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition<br />

1910, Volume III, Part I, Zoology, Bergen: 1-59 (with 6 plates and 38 figures in text).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises/ stations.<br />

Le Gall, J. 1932. Hoplostethus mediterraneus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique<br />

de l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-<br />

18 (cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Le Gall, J. 1934. Le Tassergal ou Blue Fish (Pomatomus saltatrix Lacepède = Temnodon saltator<br />

Linné). Résumé des connaissances acquise sur la biologie et l’utilisation de ce poisson. Revue<br />

des Travaux de l’Office des Pêches Maritimes, Tome Vii, Fasc. 1, No. 25: 27-85.<br />

Biology; Fisheries.<br />

Le Gall, J. 1937a. Centrolophus pompilus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Le Gall, J. 1937b. Coris julis. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique<br />

Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not<br />

numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Letaconnoux, R. 1951. Contribution à l’étude des espèces du genre Trachurus et spécialement du<br />

Trachurus trachurus (Linné 1758). Revue des Travaux de l’ Office Scientifique et Technique des<br />

Pêches Maritimes, Paris: 1-67.<br />

Biology; Anatomy; Fisheries.<br />

Leviton, A. E., R. H. Gibbs, E. Heal & D. E. Dawson 1985. Stan<strong>da</strong>rds in herpetology and<br />

ichthyology: Part I. Stan<strong>da</strong>rd symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology<br />

and ichthyology. Copeia (3): 802-832<br />

Lloris, D., Rucabado, J. and Figueroa, H. 1991. Biogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Macaronesian ichthy<strong>of</strong>auna<br />

(The <strong>Azores</strong>, Madeira, <strong>the</strong> Canary Islands, Cape Verde and <strong>the</strong> African enclave). Boletim do<br />

Museu Municipal do Funchal, 43 (234), 191-241.<br />

Biogeography; Geographical distribution; Checklist.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Lowe, R. T. 1843. Notice <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> newly observed or discovered in Madeira during <strong>the</strong> years 1840,<br />

1841 and 1842. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Zoological Society London, 11: 81-95.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Lütken, Chr. 1877. To sjaeldnere pelagiske Berycider. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske<br />

Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1877: 175-194.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Geographical distribution.<br />

Lütken, Chr. 1880. Spolia Atlantica. Bidrag til Kundskab om Formforandringer hos Fiske under<br />

deres Væxt og Udvikling særligt hos nogle af Atlanterhavets Højsøfiske. Kongelige Danske<br />

Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Kjøbenhaven, Afd XII. 6: 410-613 + 5 plates.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Lütken, Chr. 1892. Spolia Atlantica. Scopelini Musei Zoologici Universitatis Hauniensis. Bidrag til<br />

Kundskab om det aabne Havs Laxesild eller Scopeliner. Med et tillaeg om en anden pelagisk<br />

fiskeslaegt. Oversigt Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Kjøbenhaven (6) 7:<br />

221-297.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Geographical distribution.<br />

Mapstone, G. M. & E. Wood 1974. Behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pomacentrids Abudefduf luridus and Chromis<br />

chromis. pp. 7-39 in: <strong>Açores</strong> Expedition 1973. Report <strong>of</strong> Exul Sub Aqua Club Scientific Diving<br />

Expedition to Sao Miguel, <strong>Azores</strong>, August 1973. London.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Ecology/ demography/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Mapstone & Wood (1975).<br />

Mapstone, G. M. & E. M. Wood 1975. The ethology <strong>of</strong> Abudefduf luridus and Chromis chromis<br />

(Pisces: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology <strong>of</strong> London, 175: 179-199.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Ecology/ demography/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Markle, D. F. 1976. Preliminary studies on <strong>the</strong> systematics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deep-sea Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces:<br />

Salmoniformes). A dissertation presented to <strong>the</strong> Faculty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> School <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Science. The<br />

College <strong>of</strong> William and Mary in Virginia. 225pp., 41fig. (not published).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Markle, D. F. 1978. Taxonomy and distribution <strong>of</strong> Rouleina attrita and Rouleina maderensis<br />

(Pisces: Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e). Fishery Bulletin, 76 (1): 78-87, 4 fig.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis;Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology.<br />

Markle D. F. & N. R. Merrett 1980. The abyssal alepocephalid, Rinoctes nasutus (Pisces,<br />

Salmoniformes), a redescription and an evaluation <strong>of</strong> its systematic position. Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology<br />

<strong>of</strong> London, 190: 225-239.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Biology/<br />

reproduction; Geographical distribution.<br />

Markle D. F. & J. E. Olney 1990. Systematics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pearl<strong>fishes</strong> (Pisces: Carapi<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Marine</strong> Science, 47 (2): 269-410.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution.<br />

167

---

168<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Markle, D. F. & J.-C. Quéro 1986. Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 228-253 in: P. J. Whitehead, M.-L.<br />

Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North-east Atlantic and<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Marshall, N. B. & T. Iwamoto 1973. Family Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 496-665 In D. M. Cohen, J. W. Atz,<br />

F. H. Berry, J. E. Bölke, R. H. Gibbs, E. A. Lachner, G. W. Mead & D. Mehinan (eds.). Fishes<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Six. Order Heteronomi (Notacanthiformes)<br />

Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, Lipogenyi<strong>da</strong>e. Suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Order Berycomorphi<br />

(Beryciformis) Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e, Trachichthy<strong>da</strong>e, Anomalopi<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Holocentri<strong>da</strong>e, Anoplogasteri<strong>da</strong>e. Order Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes)<br />

Gibberichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, Melamphi<strong>da</strong>e. Order Anacanthini (Gadiformes) in part<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. Memoir- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Martin, A. R. 1986. Feeding association between dolphins and shearwaters around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Islands. Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology, 64: 1372-1374.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Feeding ecology <strong>of</strong> dolphins and shearwaters.<br />

Martins, H. R. 1977. Peixe-lua, uma visita fatal no porto <strong>da</strong> Horta. O Telégrafo, No. 23210 (13<br />

Julho): 1 e 4.<br />

Geographical distribution/ occurrences; Scientific divulgation (newspaper).<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Martins, H. R. 1978. Preliminary study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean population <strong>of</strong> “chicharro”, Trachurus<br />

picturatus (Bowdich). Ms. DOP.: 5 pp. + 1 fig.<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Martins, H. R. 1982a. Biological studies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exploited stock <strong>of</strong> Loligo forbesi (Mollusca:<br />

Cephalopo<strong>da</strong>) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Biological Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United<br />

Kingdom, 62: 799-808.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Biology <strong>of</strong> squid. Fish are referred as squid prey. The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>:<br />

Etmopterus sp.<br />

Martins, H. R. 1982b. Nomenclatura de peixes de valor comercial <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Açoreana, Vol. VI<br />

(2): 127-129.<br />

Checklist; Fisheries/ vernacular names.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Phycis spp., Trigla spp., Argyrosomus regius,<br />

Sprattus sprattus, Serranus spp., Seriola spp., Pollachius pollachius, Merluccius merluccius and<br />

Raji<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Martins, H. R. 1992. Cephalopods in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Pp. 193-198 in: L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, P. Ré & A. F.<br />

Martins (Eds.). Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de<br />

Monaco aux <strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’ Hirondelle. Açoreana (Suplemento 1992).<br />

Fisheries/ statistics; Scientific divulgation/ lecture.<br />

Observations: Fishes are referred as prey or pre<strong>da</strong>tors <strong>of</strong> cephalopods.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Martins, J. A. & R. S. Santos 1991. Breves considerações sobre a implementação de reservas<br />

marinhas nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Pp. 318-333 in: E. Dias, J. P. Carretas & P. Cordeiro (Eds.). Primeiras<br />

Jorna<strong>da</strong>s de Protecção do Meio Ambiente (<strong>Açores</strong>, Madeira, Canárias e Cabo Verde), 1988.<br />

SRTA/DRA & CMAH, Angra do Heroísmo.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Martins, R. & A. Cascalho 1990. Pescarias de pr<strong>of</strong>undi<strong>da</strong>de. Relatório <strong>da</strong> X Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>, 10 (1989): 199-206.<br />

Fisheries/ technology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Matsui, T. & R. H. Rosenblatt 1984. Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deep-sea fish family Plactytrocti<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces:<br />

Salmoniformes). Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scripps Institution <strong>of</strong> Oceanography, University <strong>of</strong> California,<br />

San Diego, No. 26: vii + 159pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ comparative morphology/ meristics; Checklist;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution;<br />

Maul, G. E. 1951. Monografia <strong>dos</strong> Peixes do Museu Municipal do Funchal: Famílias Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e e<br />

Merlucii<strong>da</strong>e. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, V, Art. 12: 5-55.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry.<br />

Maul, G. E. 1952. Monografia <strong>dos</strong> Peixes do Museu Municipal do Funchal: Famílias Gadi<strong>da</strong>e e<br />

Bregmaceroti<strong>da</strong>e. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, VI, Art. 15: 5-51.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry.<br />

Maul, G. E. 1959. Aulostomus, a recent spontaneous settler in Madeiran waters. Bocagiana, Museu<br />

Municipal do Funchal, 1: 1- 18.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Maul, G. E. 1972. On a new species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Callionymus from <strong>the</strong> Great Meteor seamount<br />

(Percomorphi, Callionymoidea, Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e). Bocagiana, Museu Municipal do Funchal, 30:<br />

1-8.<br />

Systematics/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Maul, G. E. 1976. The <strong>fishes</strong> taken in bottom trawls by R. V. “Meteor” during <strong>the</strong> 1967 Seamount<br />

Cruises in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast Atlantic. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D - No. 22, Biologie:<br />

1-69.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

McDowell, S. 1973a. Suborder Halosaurodei. Family Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 32-123. In D. M. Cohen, J.<br />

W. Atz, F. H. Berry, J. E. Bölke, R. H. Gibbs, E. A. Lachner, G. W. Mead & D. Mehinan (eds.).<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Six. Order Heteronomi<br />

(Notacanthiformes) Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, Lipogenyi<strong>da</strong>e. Suborder Cyprinodontoidei.<br />

Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformis) Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e, Trachichthy<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Anomalopi<strong>da</strong>e, Holocentri<strong>da</strong>e, Anoplogasteri<strong>da</strong>e. Order Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes)<br />

Gibberichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, Melamphi<strong>da</strong>e. Order Anacanthini (Gadiformes) in part<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. Memoir- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

169

---

170<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

McDowell, S. 1973b. Suborder Notacanthoidei. Family Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e. Pp 124-207. In D. M.<br />

Cohen, J. W. Atz, F. H. Berry, J. E. Bölke, R. H. Gibbs, E. A. Lachner, G. W. Mead & D.<br />

Mehinan (eds.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Six. Order Heteronomi<br />

(Notacanthiformes) Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, Lipogenyi<strong>da</strong>e. Suborder Cyprinodontoidei.<br />

Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformis) Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e, Trachichthy<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Anomalopi<strong>da</strong>e, Holocentri<strong>da</strong>e, Anoplogasteri<strong>da</strong>e. Order Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes)<br />

Gibberichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, Melamphi<strong>da</strong>e. Order Anacanthini (Gadiformes) in part<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. Memoir- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Mead, G. W. 1972. Brami<strong>da</strong>e. Dana-Report, No. 81: 1-166.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ vernacular names/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/<br />

morphometry; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Parasitology; Ecology/ feeding; Fisheries; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Mead, G. W. & R. Haedrich 1965. The distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oceanic fish Brama brama. Bulletin <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 134 (2): 29-68.<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Mead, G. W. & G. E. Maul 1958. Taractes asper and <strong>the</strong> systematic relationships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Steinegerii<strong>da</strong>e and Trachyberyci<strong>da</strong>e. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Harvard<br />

College, 119 (6): 393-417 (7 figures + 1 plate).<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Menezes, G. M. M. 1996. Interacções Tecnológicas na Pesca Demersal <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Provas de<br />

Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de Investigação. Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas,<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta. 180pp. + anexos.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ fleet/ statistics; Ecology/ population<br />

dynamics/ vertical distribution.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Merrett, N. R. 1980. Bathytyphlops sewelli (Pisces: Chlorophthami<strong>da</strong>e): a senior synonym <strong>of</strong> B.<br />

azorensis, from <strong>the</strong> eastern North Atlantic with notes on its biology. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Linnean<br />

Society <strong>of</strong> London, 68 (2): 99-109.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Ecology/ feeding; Geographical distribution.<br />

Merrett, N. R. 1986. Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern-north Atlantic. Fiches d’Identification du Plancton<br />

(ICES), 173/174/175: 14pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution.<br />

Merrett, N. R., J. Badcock & P. J. Herring 1973. The status <strong>of</strong> Benthalbella infans (Pisces:<br />

Myctophoidei), its development, bioluminescence, general biology, and distribution in <strong>the</strong><br />

eastern North Atlantic. Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology <strong>of</strong> London, 170: 1-48.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Biology/<br />

reproduction; Ecology/ feeding/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises/ stations .

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Michel, Ch., P. Lejeune & J. Voss 1987. Biologie et comportement des labridés européens (labres,<br />

crenilabres, rouquiers, vielles, girelles). Revue Française d’Aquariologie et Herpétologie, 14<br />

(1/2): 1-80.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology.<br />

Miller, P. J. 1984. The gobiid <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> temperate Macaronesia (eastern Atlantic), Journal <strong>of</strong><br />

Zoology, London, 204: 363-412.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Geographical distribution; Biogeography.<br />

Mohr, E. W. 1927. Teleostei physoclisti, 13a. Beryciformes, In G. Grimpe & E. Wagler. Die<br />

Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 10 (12): 101-102.<br />

Systematics/ identification; Geographical distribution.<br />

Mohr, E. 1937. Revision der Centrisci<strong>da</strong>e (Acanrhopterygii Centrisciformes). Dana-Report, No. 13:<br />

1-69 (+ 2 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Development/<br />

larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Monteiro, L. R. 1991. Relatório de activi<strong>da</strong>des. Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de<br />

Investigação. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas. Horta, 42pp +<br />

1 anexo.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation/ marine pollution.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Monteiro, L. R. 1996. Seabirds as monitors <strong>of</strong> mercury contamination in <strong>the</strong> Portuguese Atlantic.<br />

PhD Thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation/ marine pollution; Ecology.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Monteiro, L. R. & H. D. Lopes 1990. Mercury content <strong>of</strong> swordfish Xiphias gladius in relation to<br />

lenght, weight, age and sex. <strong>Marine</strong> Pollution Bulletin, 21: 293-296.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation/ marine pollution.<br />

Monteiro, L. R., E. Isidro & H. D. Lopes 1991. Mercury content in relation to sex, size, age and<br />

growth in two scorpionfish (Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus and Pontinus kuhlii) from Azorean<br />

waters. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 56: 259-367.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation/ marine pollution.<br />

Monteiro, L. R., J. A. Ramos, R. W. Furness & A. J. Del Nevo 1996a. Movements, morphology,<br />

breeding, molt, and feeding <strong>of</strong> seabirds in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Colonial Waterbirds, 19 (1): 82-97.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Fishes are referred as preys <strong>of</strong> seabirds.<br />

Monteiro, L. R., V. Costa, R. W. Furness & R. S. Santos 1996b. Mercury concentrations in prey fish<br />

indicate enhanced bioaccumulation in mesopelagic environments. <strong>Marine</strong> Ecology Progress<br />

Series, in press.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation/ marine pollution.<br />

Moreno, J. A. & J. Morón 1992. Comparative study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus Isurus (Rafinesque, 1810) and<br />

description <strong>of</strong> a form (‘Marrajo Criollo’) apparently endemic to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Australian. Journal<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> and Freshwater Research, 43: 109-122.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

171

---

172<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Morin, C. 1992. Les <strong>Açores</strong>, clé de la biologie du germon en Atlantique Nord?. Pp. 155-192 in: L.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, P. Ré & A. F. Martins (Eds.). Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique<br />

du Prince Albert de Monaco aux <strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’ Hirondelle. Açoreana (Suplemento 1992).<br />

History/ marine research; Fisheries; Fisheries biology; Ecology/ feeding/ vertical distribution/<br />

migration; Biology/ reproduction/ growth; Parasitology; Scientific divulgation/ lecture.<br />

Morrow, J. E. (Jr.) 1964a. Family Chauliodonti<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 274-289 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part (Argentinoids,<br />

Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy; Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; Ethology.<br />

Morrow, J. E. (Jr.) 1964b. Family Malacostei<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 523-549 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part (Argentinoids,<br />

Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Morrow, J. E. (Jr.) & R. H. Gibbs (Jr.) 1964. Family Melanostommiati<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 351-511 in: H. B.<br />

Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli,<br />

in part (Argentinoids, Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir<br />

- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Mukhacheva, V. A. 1976. Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> Bonapartia Goode & Bean and<br />

Margrethia Jespersen et Tåning (Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e, Osteichthyes). Transactions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> P. P.<br />

Sirskov Institut <strong>of</strong> Oceanololy, 104: 73-91. (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution/ migration; Geographical distribution.<br />

Mukhacheva, V. A. 1981. Geographical distribution and variability <strong>of</strong> Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin)<br />

(Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e, Osteichthyes). Pp. 41-46 in: Parin, N. V. (Ed.) 1981. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Open<br />

Ocean. Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> USSR, P. P. Shirshov Institut <strong>of</strong> Oceanology, Moscow:<br />

119pp (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution.<br />

Munroe, T. A. 1990. Eastern Atlantic tongue<strong>fishes</strong> (Symphurus: Cynoglossi<strong>da</strong>e, Pleuronectiformes),<br />

with descriptions <strong>of</strong> two new species. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Science, 47 (2): 464-515.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction; Development/ larvae and<br />

juveniles; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Murray, John & Johan Hjort 1912. The Depths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ocean - A general account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> modern<br />

science <strong>of</strong> oceanography based largely on <strong>the</strong> scientific researches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> norwegian steamer<br />

“Michael Sars” in <strong>the</strong> north Atlantic- Macmillan and Co., Limited, London (1965 reprint): xx +<br />

821pp. + 4 maps + 9 plates. .<br />

Oceanography; Biology; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises;<br />

History/ historical interest.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Muzavor, S. & P. Westhaus 1981. O Mar e a Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> I Semana <strong>da</strong>s<br />

Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 1 (1980): 115-123.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics; Fisheries biology; Scientific divulgation/ education .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Nafpaktitis, B. G. 1968. Taxonomy and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lantern<strong>fishes</strong>, genera Lobianchia and<br />

Diaphus, in <strong>the</strong> north Atlantic. Dana-Report, No. 73: 1-131.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology/ reproduction; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Nafpaktitis, B. G. 1975. Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lanternfish genus Notoscopelus (Family Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e) in <strong>the</strong><br />

North Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Science, 25 (1): 75-87.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/<br />

comparative morphology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Nafpakitis, B. G., R. H. Backus, J. E. Craddock, R. L. Haedrich, B. H. Robison & C. Karnella 1977.<br />

Family Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 13-265 in: R. H. Gibbs Jr. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic.<br />

Number One. Part Seven: Family Neoscopeli<strong>da</strong>e. Family Mictophi<strong>da</strong>e. Atlantic Mesopelagic<br />

Zoogeography. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Geographical distribution; .<br />

Nakabo, T. 1982. Revision <strong>of</strong> genera <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dragonets (Pisces: Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e). Publications <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Seto <strong>Marine</strong> Biological Laboratory, XXVII (1/3): 77-131.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Nakamura, I. 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Bill<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World: An annotated and<br />

illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong> marlins, sail<strong>fishes</strong>, spear<strong>fishes</strong> and sword. <strong>fishes</strong> known to <strong>da</strong>te. FAO<br />

Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, Vol. 5: iv + 65pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology;<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Nakamura, I. and N. V. Parin 1993. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and<br />

cutlass<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> snake mackerels,<br />

snoeks, escolars, gem<strong>fishes</strong>, sack<strong>fishes</strong>, domine, oil<strong>fishes</strong>, cutlass<strong>fishes</strong>, scabbard<strong>fishes</strong>, hairtails<br />

and frost<strong>fishes</strong> known to <strong>da</strong>te. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, Vol. 15: vii + 136pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Biology; Ecology;<br />

Fisheries.<br />

Observations: The distribution map for Neolotus tripes Johnson, 1865 (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 153.4.1.) presented<br />

by Nakamura & Parin (1993), consisting <strong>of</strong> a shadow covering a vast area <strong>of</strong> several oceans,<br />

apparently includes <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. The distribution map for Aphanopus intermedius (species not<br />

included in FNAM) presented by Nakamura & Parin (1993) apparently includes <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, and is<br />

represented by an isolated shadow.<br />

Nash, R. D. M. & R. S. Santos 1993. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lesser weever (Echiichthys vipera)<br />

(Cuvier 1829) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 43 (2): 317-319.<br />

Ecology/ population dynamics; Geographical distribution/ ocurrences.<br />

Nash, R. D. M., S. J. Hawkins, E. Fisher & A. Hill 1990. Diel fluctuations and population structure<br />

<strong>of</strong> a sandy beach shallow-water fish assemblage at Porto Pim, <strong>Azores</strong>. Pp. 234-250. In<br />

Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório<br />

173

---

174<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 2. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas,<br />

Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ population dynamics; Checklist; Ethology/ behavioural ecology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Nash et al. (1994a).<br />

Nash, R. D. M., A. J. Geffen & R. S. Santos 1991. The wide-eyed flounder, Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s<br />

Delaroche, a singular flatfish in varied shallow-water habitats <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> Sea Research, 27 (3/4): 367-373.<br />

Biology/ growth/ reproduction; Ecology/ feeding; Development/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Nash, R. D. M., R. S. Santos & S. J. Hawkins 1994a. Diel fluctuations <strong>of</strong> a sandy beach fish<br />

assemblage at Porto Pim, <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquipélago - Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences 12A: 75-86.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ population dynamics; Checklist; Ethology/ behavioural ecology.<br />

Nash, R. D. M., R. S. Santos, A. J. Geffen, G. Hughes & T. R. Ellis 1994b. Diel variability in catch<br />

rate <strong>of</strong> juvenile flatfish on two small nursery grounds (Port Erin Bay, Isle <strong>of</strong> Man and Porto Pim<br />

Bay, Faial, <strong>Azores</strong>). Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 44: 35-45.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ population dynamics; Ethology.<br />

Nelson, J. S. 1994. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World (3rd. edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. xvii +<br />

600pp.<br />

Systematics; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography.<br />

Observations: The Classes, Orders and Families <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present checklist were organized according to<br />

Nelson´s book.<br />

Neuville, H., 1897. Remarques anatomiques sur les Squales observés pen<strong>da</strong>nt la dernière campagnes<br />

du yacht Princesse Alice. Bulletin du Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3, p. 5. [reprinted in<br />

1940: Recueils de Travaux relatifs aux Campagnes du Prince Albert I er de Monaco<br />

(Protistologie, Zoologie, Physiologie, Bactériologie, Algologie, Pathologie). Résultats des<br />

Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco,<br />

Fascicule CIII: Pp. 148-150].<br />

Anatomy; Biology/ physiology; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Neuville, H., 1900. L’intestin valvulaire de la Chimère monstrueuse (Chimaera monstrosa Linné).<br />

Bulletin de la Société Philom., Paris, 9 e sér., t.III, p.59. [reprinted in 1940 in: Recueils de<br />

Travaux relatifs aux Campagnes du Prince Albert I er de Monaco (Protistologie, Zoologie,<br />

Physiologie, Bactériologie, Algologie, Pathologie). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques<br />

Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule CIII: Pp. 150-<br />

155].<br />

Anatomy/ comparative morphology; Biology/ physiology; Evolution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Nielsen, J. G. 1968. Redescription and reassigment <strong>of</strong> Parabrotula and Leucobrotula (Pisces:<br />

Zoarci<strong>da</strong>e). Videnskabelige Meddelelserfra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i kjØbenhavn, 131:<br />

225-249 (+ 12 figs.).<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution.<br />

Nielsen, J. G. 1969. Systematics and biology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces, Ophidioidea). Gala<strong>the</strong>a<br />

Report, 10: 1-89 ( + 6 plates).<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Nielsen, J. G. 1974. Fish Types in <strong>the</strong> Zoological Museum <strong>of</strong> Copenhagen. University <strong>of</strong><br />

Copenhagen, Denmark. 115 pp.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification; Geographical distribution; Museum collections.<br />

Nielsen, J. G. & E. Bertelsen 1985. The gulper-ell family Saccopharyngi<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces:<br />

Anguilliformes). Steenstrupia, 11 (6): 157-206.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ feeding; Geographical distribution.<br />

Nielsen, J. G. & J.- C. Hureau 1980. Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ophidiid genus Spectrunculus Jor<strong>da</strong>n &<br />

Thompson 1914, a senior synonym <strong>of</strong> Parabassogigas Nybelin, 1957 (Pisces: Ophidiiformes).<br />

Steenstrupia, 6: 149-169.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution; Biology/ growth.<br />

Nielsen, J. G., J. Baddock & N. R. Merrett 1990. New <strong>da</strong>ta eluci<strong>da</strong>ting <strong>the</strong> taxonomy and ecology <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Parabrotuli<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces: Zoarcoidei). Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 37: 437-448.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Nielsen, J. G & Smith, D. 1978. The eel family Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces: Anguilliformes). Dana-<br />

Report, No. 88: 1-71 + 2 plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Evolution/ phylogeny;<br />

Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Ninni, E. 1933. Box salpa. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique<br />

Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not<br />

numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ninni, E. 1934. Lichia glauca. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique<br />

Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not<br />

numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Nobre, A. 1924. Contribuições para a fauna <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Anais do Instituto de Zoologia <strong>da</strong><br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de do Porto, Vol. I: 41-90.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: We assume that specimens <strong>of</strong> all species included were observed by <strong>the</strong> author.<br />

Nobre, A. 1930. Materiais para o Estudo <strong>da</strong> Fauna <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Companhia Editora do Minho.<br />

108pp.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Nobre, A. 1935. Fauna Marinha de Portugal: I. Vertebra<strong>dos</strong> (Mamíferos, Répteis e Peixes). Pôrto.<br />

LXXXIV + 579pp (+ 77 drawings and photos).<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ vernacular names.<br />

Norman, J. R. 1930. Oceanic <strong>fishes</strong> and flat<strong>fishes</strong> collected in 1925-1927. Discovery Reports, Vol.<br />

II: 271-370 (+ 2 plates).<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Norman, J. R. 1934 A systematic monograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flat<strong>fishes</strong> (Heterosomata). Vol. I - Psettodi<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e, Pleuronecti<strong>da</strong>e. British Museum (Natural History), London: viii + 459pp.<br />

175

---

176<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Norman, J. R. 1935. Coast <strong>fishes</strong>. Part I. The South Atlantic. Discovery Reports, Vol. XII: 1-58.<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Nunn, P. D. 1994. Oceanic islands. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK, xv + 413pp.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> geology; Natural history; Biogeography; Evolution; Oceanography; Paleontology;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Nybelin, O. 1951. Introduction and station list. Reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition 1947-<br />

1948, Volume II. Zoology, No. 1: 1-28.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Observations: The author also refer <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> 6 non identified specimens <strong>of</strong> Bathypterois,<br />

and 1 specimen <strong>of</strong> Leucochlamys. All species referred for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> were collected in Station 387,<br />

at 40º33’N- 35º24’W. This paper contains preliminary observations, which were latter treated with<br />

more detail by Nybelin (1957).<br />

Nybelin, O. 1957. Deep-sea bottom <strong>fishes</strong>. Reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition 1947-1948,<br />

Volume II. Zoology, No. 20: 250-345 (+ 7 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Oliveira, R.; V. C. Alma<strong>da</strong>; A. Almei<strong>da</strong>; R. S. Santos & E. Gonçalves 1992. A checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

blennioid <strong>fishes</strong> (Teleostei, Blennioidei) occuring in Portuguese waters. Arquipélago - Life and<br />

Earth Sciences, 10: 23-38.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution; Bibliography.<br />

Pafort- van Iersel, T. 1981. The Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces: Stomiatoidei) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Amster<strong>da</strong>m mid-north<br />

Atlantic expedition, with a note on specimens intermediate between Argyropelecus aculeatus<br />

Valenciennes, 1849 and A. olfersi (Cuvier, 1829). Beaufortia, 31 (4): 97-106.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ demography;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Palko, B. J., G. L. Beardsley & W. J. Richards 1981. Synopsis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> biology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> swordfish,<br />

Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 441, FAO Fisheries<br />

Synopsis No. 127: iv + 21pp.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ vernacular names; Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and<br />

juveniles; Biology/ reproduction/ age/ growth; Ecology/ feeding/ migration/ population dynamic/<br />

demography/ vertical distribution; Parasitology; Ethology; Fisherires biology/ parameters; Fisheries/<br />

technology/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Palmer, G. 1961. The deal <strong>fishes</strong> (Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and north-east Atlantic.<br />

Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History, 7: 336-351.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics; Development/ larvae and juveniles;<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Parin, N. V. 1970. Ichthy<strong>of</strong>auna <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Epipelagic Zone. Israel Program for Scientific Translations,<br />

Jerusalem: iii + 205.<br />

Ecology; Oceanography; Anatomy; Geographical distribution; Checklist; Biology.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> an Alepisaurus sp.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Parin, N. V. & S. G. Kobyliansky 1996. Diagnoses and distribution <strong>of</strong> fifteen species recognized in<br />

genus Maurolicus Cocco (Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e, Stomiiformes) with a key to <strong>the</strong>ir identification.<br />

Cybium, 20 (2): 185-195.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnoses; Geographical distribution.<br />

Parr, A. E. 1960. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Searsi<strong>da</strong>e. Dana-Report, No. 51: 1-109.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises.<br />

Patzner, R. A. 1990. Fishes in <strong>the</strong> lagoon <strong>of</strong> Lajes, Pico in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e<br />

Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1: 123-126.<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1990a. Biologie der Fleckengrundel, Pomatochistus pictus, im<br />

Atlantik. Aquarien und Terrarien, 11 (90): 396-399. Datz, 11 (90): 672-673.<br />

Biology; Ecology/ demography/ feeding; Scientific expeditions; Scientific divulgation. .<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1990b. Riffbarsche des Mittelmeeres und Nordlinchen Atlantik. Datz,<br />

2 (90): 81-83.<br />

Ecology; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1990c. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Pp. 152-159 in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89.<br />

Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1.<br />

Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Scientific expeditions .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Patzner et al. (1992).<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1990d. Ecology <strong>of</strong> rocky littoral <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in: Expedição<br />

<strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I,<br />

Vol. 1: 160-177. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta,<br />

<strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Patzner & Santos (1993).<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1990e. Biologie der Fleckengrundel Pomatoschistus pictus im<br />

Atlantik. Pp. 193-201 in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 2. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de<br />

Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Biology; Ecology/ demography/ feeding; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Patzner & Santos (1990a).<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1992. Field observations on <strong>the</strong> association between <strong>the</strong> clingfish<br />

Diplecogaster bimaculata pectoralis Briggs 1955 and different species <strong>of</strong> sea urchins at <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>Azores</strong>. Zeitschrift für Fischkunde, 1 (2):157-161.<br />

Ecology.<br />

Patzner, R. A. & R. S. Santos 1993. Ecology <strong>of</strong> rocky littoral <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Courrier<br />

Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 159: 423-427.<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Checklist; Scientific expeditions .<br />

177

---

178<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Observations: Referred version <strong>of</strong> Patzner & Santos (1990c), Patzner et al. (1990), Santos et al.<br />

(1990) and Ré (1990).<br />

Patzner, R. A., R. S. Santos & B. Loidl 1993. Eine neu entdeckte Partnerschaft von den Azoren:<br />

Schildfische und Seeigel. Datz, 6: 374-375.<br />

Ecology; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Patzner, R. A., R. S. Santos & P. Ré 1990. Littoral <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> - An annotated checklist <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> “Expedition <strong>Azores</strong> 89” in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho<br />

<strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 2: 179-192. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>,<br />

Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: This paper also refers <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> an unidentified species <strong>of</strong> Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e (see<br />

remarks under Diplecogaster bimaculata). ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Patzner<br />

et al. (1992).<br />

Patzner, R. A., R. S. Santos, P. Ré & R. D. M. Nash 1992. Littoral <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: An<br />

annotated checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> observed during <strong>the</strong> " Expedition <strong>Azores</strong> 1989". Arquipélago - Life<br />

and Earth Sciences, 10: 101-111.<br />

Checklist; Geographic distribution/ new records; Ecology/ demography; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: Referred version <strong>of</strong> Patzner & Santos (1990d).<br />

Paxton, J. R. 1973. Morphology and distribution patterns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whale<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family<br />

Rondeletii<strong>da</strong>e. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Biological Association <strong>of</strong> India, 15 (1): 175-188.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Paz, R. M. de la 1975. Systématique et phylogenèse des Spari<strong>da</strong>e du genre Diplodus Raf. (Pisces,<br />

Teleostei). Travaux et Documents de l’ O.R.S.T.O.M., No. 45: 1-96.<br />

Systematics; Evolution/ Phylogeny; Geographical distribution.<br />

Paz, R. M. de la, M. L. Bauchot & J. Daget 1974. Les Diplodus (Perciformes, Spari<strong>da</strong>e) du groupe<br />

Sargus:Systématique et phylogénie. Ichthyologia, 5:268-271.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Geographical<br />

distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Pereira, J. 1982a. Alguns <strong>da</strong><strong>dos</strong> sobre a Pesca do Atum nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> II Semana <strong>da</strong>s<br />

Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 2 (1981): 125-133.<br />

Fisheries/ history/ statistics/ technology; Checklist.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1982b. <strong>Açores</strong> - Pesca do Atum. Pesca e Navegação, 21: 38-43.<br />

Fisheries; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1983a. A Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> e a investigação <strong>dos</strong> recursos marinhos. Relatório <strong>da</strong><br />

III Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 3 (1982): 75-89.<br />

Fisheries biology.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1983b. Pêches et recherches thonières aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 18 (3): 747-753.<br />

Fisheries/ technology/ fleet/ checklist/ statistics; Fisheries biology.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Pereira, J. 1984. A Safra do Atum nos <strong>Açores</strong> em 1983. Relatório <strong>da</strong> IV Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>, 4 (1983): 119-142.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1985a. Situação Actual <strong>dos</strong> Stocks de Tunídeos Tropicais no Atlântico. Relatório <strong>da</strong> V<br />

Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 5 (1984): 91-97.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Pereira, J. 1985b. Observations sur le sex ratio de patudo (Thunnus obesus) aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT,<br />

Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 23 (2): 237-241.<br />

Biology/ reproduction; Fisheries.<br />

Pereira, J. 1985c. Procedures suivis aux <strong>Açores</strong> pour la collecte des statistiques thonières. ICCAT,<br />

Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 23 (2): 437-438.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics; Fisheries biology.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1985d. Analyse de la PUE <strong>da</strong>ns la pêcherie de Patudo en surface aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT,<br />

Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 23 (2): 221-223.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1986a. A Pesca do Patudo nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VI Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 6<br />

(1985): 83-95.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics; Fisheries biology. .<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1986b. Captures de jeunes albacores (Thunnus albacares) aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 25: 104-105.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Pereira, J. 1986c. Composition specifique des bancs de thonidès pèches à la seinne, aux <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

ICCAT, Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 25: 395-400.<br />

Ecology/ demography; Fisheries biology.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1987a. Situação actual do stock de atum-patudo do Atlântico. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VII Semana<br />

<strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 7 (1986): 221-230.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ tecnhology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. 1987b. Situation actuelle de la pêche du patudo aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 26 (1): 174-183.<br />

Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics; Fisheries biology.<br />

Pereira, J. 1987c. Analyse de l’état du stock de patudo atlantique. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 26 (1): 141-167.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ technology/ statistics; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

179

---

180<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Pereira, J. 1987d. Maturité sexuelle et sex ratio des patu<strong>dos</strong> caturées aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 26 (1): 168-173.<br />

Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1988a. La pêcherie de l’espadon aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 27: 318-320. .<br />

Fisheries/ tehnology/ fleet/ statistics; Fisheries bioloy.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1988b. Notes sur la pêche sportive du makaire bleu aux <strong>Açores</strong>. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 28: 300-301.<br />

Fisheries/ technology/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1989a. État du stock de patudo (Thunnus obesus) de l’Atlantique. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 30 (1): 173-202.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ technology/ statistics; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Pereira, J. 1989b. Rapport national du Portugal in: ICCAT, Rapport de la Période Biénnale 1988-89<br />

I ère Partie, 1989: 340-342.<br />

Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1990a. Analyse de l’abon<strong>da</strong>nce de patudo atlantique en 1973-75. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 32 (1): 73-82.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheies/ statistics; Ecology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1990b. Etat du stock du patudo atlantique au 1989. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 32 (1): 83-110.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1992a. Statistiques de la pêche thonière açorienne, années 1979-90. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 39 (1): 88-95.<br />

Fisheries biology; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Pereira, J. 1992b. Etat du stock de patudo de l’atlantique. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents<br />

Scientifiques, 39 (1): 96-112.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1992c. Rapport national du Portugal in: ICCAT, Rapport de la Période Biénnale 1990-91<br />

IIre Partie, 1992: 299-301.<br />

Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1992d. A pesca do atum com isco vivo nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>,<br />

1/92: 35pp.<br />

Fisheries/ tecnhology/ statistics/ fleet; History/ marine research.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sardina sp. and <strong>the</strong> whale shark but, in this case<br />

he does not mentioned <strong>the</strong> scientific name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Pereira, J. 1993a. Etat du stock de patudo de l’Atlantique au 30 Septembre 1992. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 40 (2): 174-184.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1993b. Statistiques de la pêche thonière açorienne, années 1979-1991. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 40 (2): 185-190.<br />

Fisheries biology; Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1994a. Statistiques de la pêche thonière açorienne, années 1979-1992. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 42 (2): 428-435.<br />

Fisheries biology; Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Pereira, J. 1994b. Analyse de l’etat du stock de patudo de l’Atlantique. ICCAT, Recueil de<br />

Documents Scientifiques, 42 (2): 279-289.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries; Biology/ age/ growth.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1994c. Rapport national du Portugal in: ICCAT, Rapport de la Periode Biennale 1992-93<br />

IIre Partie, 1993: 430-432.<br />

Fisheries/ fleet/ statistics.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. 1995. A Pesca do Atum nos <strong>Açores</strong> e o Atum Patudo (Thunnus obesus, Lowe 1839) do<br />

Atlântico. Tese de Doutoramento. Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>, Horta. 330pp.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ technology/ statistics/ fleet; Biology/ age/ growth/<br />

reproduction; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ migration.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pereira, J. & A. Aguiar 1979. Un poisson Ophichthi<strong>da</strong>e nouveau pour la faune des <strong>Açores</strong>:<br />

Apterichthus caecus (Linnaeus, 1758). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Vol. VII, 2ª Série, notas e<br />

suplementos No. 43: 7pp.<br />

Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/ new record.<br />

Pereira, J. & N. Miyabe 1990. Production model analysis on Atlantic bigeye tuna as <strong>of</strong> 1987.<br />

ICCAT, Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 32 (1): 67-72.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, J. & N. Miyabe 1993. Production model analysis on Atlantic bigeye tuna as <strong>of</strong> 1990.<br />

ICCAT, Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 40 (2): 169-173.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: This paper is not referred because it does not includes scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Pereira, L. C. & L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha 1977. Sur la distribution de Tarpon atlanticus (Val., 1847) (Pisces:<br />

Megalopi<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>da</strong>ns l´Atlantique oriental. Memórias do Museu do Mar- Série Zoológica, I, 1: 1-<br />

14 + 2 figs.<br />

Geographical distribution/ New record.<br />

Pérès, J. M. 1992. Le bathyscaphe français Archimède aux <strong>Açores</strong>: Études bionomiques et<br />

ecologiques du benthos pr<strong>of</strong>ond. Pp. 237-264 in: L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, P. Ré & A. F. Martins (Eds.).<br />

181

---

182<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’ Hirondelle. Açoreana (Suplemento 1992).<br />

Deep-sea research/ communities; Ecology/ demography; History/ marine research; Scientific<br />

expeditions; Scientific divulgation/ lecture.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Benthosaurus sp., Bathypterois sp., Halossauri<strong>da</strong>e<br />

and Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Perrier, E. 1903. Traité de Zoologie. Fascicule VI- Poissons. Masson et C ie , Éditeurs, Paris: pp.<br />

2357- 2727 (avec 206 figures).<br />

Natural history; Systematics; Biology; Anatomy.<br />

Pettersson, H. 1957. The ship, its equipment, and <strong>the</strong> voyage. Reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Swedish Deep-Sea<br />

Expedition 1947-1948, Volume I, No. 1: 1-123.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ list <strong>of</strong> stations; History/ marine research.<br />

Pickard, G. L. & W. J. Emery 1982. Descriptive Physical Oceanography. Pergamon Press. 249pp.<br />

Oceanography.<br />

Pierce, G. J., P. R. Boyle, L. C. Hastie & M. B. Santos 1994. Diets <strong>of</strong> squid Loligo forbesi and<br />

Loligo vulgaris in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 21 (1-2): 149-163.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Feeding ecology <strong>of</strong> squid.<br />

Pietsch, T. W. 1972a. XIX Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> Ceratioid Angler<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus<br />

Chaenophryne (Family Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e). Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, 147, 2:<br />

75-99.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Pietsch, T. W. 1972b. XIX Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> Ceratioid <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus<br />

Dolopichthys (Family Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e), with <strong>the</strong> description <strong>of</strong> a new species. Archiv für<br />

Fischereiwissenschaft, XXIII, 1: 1-28.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Pietsch, T. W. 1975. Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> Ceratioidei angler<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> a new genus and<br />

species from <strong>the</strong> ban<strong>da</strong> Sea. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum <strong>of</strong> Los Angeles<br />

County, 310, March 16: 1-25.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Pietsch, T. W. 1979. Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> Ceratioidei angler<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> a new genus and<br />

species from <strong>the</strong> ban<strong>da</strong> Sea. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum <strong>of</strong> Los Angeles<br />

County, 310, March 16: 1-25.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution;<br />

Ecology/ vertical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Pietsch, T. W. 1986. Systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> bathypelagic angler<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e (Order: Lophiformes). Copeia, 1986 (2): 479-493.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Pietsch, T. W. & D. B. Grobecker, 1987. Frog<strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World: Systematics, Zoogeography and<br />

Behavioral Ecology. Standford University Press, Standford, California: xii + 420pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography; Ethology/<br />

behavioural ecology; Ecology/ feeding/ vertical distribution; Biology/ reproduction .<br />

Pinho, M. R., J. G. Pereira & I. S. Rosa 1995. Caracterização <strong>da</strong> pesca do isco vivo <strong>da</strong> frota atuneira<br />

açoreana. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 2/95: 29pp.<br />

Fisheries/ technology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pinho, M. R. & J. G. Pereira 1995a. Pesca experimental com palangre de pr<strong>of</strong>undi<strong>da</strong>de dirigi<strong>da</strong> a<br />

grandes pelágicos. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 1/95: 18pp.<br />

Fisheries/ technology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Pinho, M. R. & J. G. Pereira 1995b. Dispositivos de concentração de peixes nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Arquivos<br />

do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 3/95: 17pp.<br />

Fisheries/ technology; Ethology; Ecology.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Seriola sp. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Poll, M. 1947. Faune de Belgique. Poissons Marins. Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique,<br />

Bruxelles: 452pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution.<br />

Porteiro, F. M. & R. S. Santos in prep. De Olivia Dabney para Louis Agassiz- uma colecção de<br />

peixes do litoral <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> do século XIX no Museu de Zoologia Compara<strong>da</strong> (Universi<strong>da</strong>de de<br />

Harvard).<br />

History; Checklist.<br />

Porteiro, F. M., J. P. Barreiros & R. S. Santos 1996. Wrasses (Teleostei, Labri<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Arquipélago - Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences, 14A: 22-39.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Porteiro, F. M., K. Hartel, J. E. Craddock & R. S. Santos in prep. Mesopelagic fish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

deposited in <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Harvard.<br />

Checklist; Museum collections; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The species referred in <strong>the</strong> Appendix III <strong>of</strong> this paper were not included in <strong>the</strong> present<br />

checklist.<br />

Post, A. 1985. Zur taxomnomie und verbreitung einiger Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e und Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

(Osteich<strong>the</strong>ys, Stomiiformes) des Nor<strong>da</strong>tlantik. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft, 36 (1/2): 235-<br />

256.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative morphology; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Post, A. 1987. Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research cruises <strong>of</strong> FRV “Wal<strong>the</strong>r Herwig” to South America. LXVII.<br />

Revision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subfamily Paralepidinae (Pisces, Aulopiformes, Alepisauroidei, Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e). I.<br />

Taxonomy, morphology and Geographical distribution. Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft, 38<br />

(1/2): 75-131.<br />

183

---

184<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical<br />

distribution; Evolution/ phylogeny; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Post, A. & J.-C. Quéro 1981. Révision des Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces, Trachichthyoidei) de l’Atlantique<br />

avec description d’un nouveau genre et d’une nouvelle espèce. Cybium, 3 ème série, 5 (1): 33-60.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/<br />

morphometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Post, A. & J.-C. Quéro 1991. Distribution et taxonomie des Howella (Perciformes, Percichthyi<strong>da</strong>e)<br />

de l’Atlantique. Cybium, 15 (2): 111-128.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution/ migration.<br />

Post, A. & F.-Tesch 1982. Midwater trawl catches <strong>of</strong> adolescent and adult anguilliform <strong>fishes</strong> during<br />

Sargasso Sea Eel Expedition 1979. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 35: 341-356.<br />

Geographical distribution; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ demography; Development/ larvae<br />

and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Quéro, J. C. 1975. Cyclothone pseudoacclinidens sp. nov. (Pisces, Clupeiformes, Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e)<br />

poisson nouveau de l’ Atlantique est. Revue Travaux de l’Instut de Pêches Maritimese., 38 (4):<br />

449-457, 5 fig.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Evolution/ phylogeny;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Quéro, J. C. & M. Duron 1980. Sur la limite nord de l’aire de repartition d’Antigonia capros<br />

(Pisces, Zeiformes, Caproi<strong>da</strong>e). Annalles de la Société Science Naturelles de Charente-<br />

Maritime., 6 (7): 693-696.<br />

Geographical distribution/ occurrence.<br />

Quéro, J.-C., T. Matsui, R. H. Rosenblatt & Y. I. Sazonov 1984. Searsii<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 254-267 in: P. J.<br />

Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast<br />

Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ramalho, A. 1929a. Trachurus picturatus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ramalho, A. 1929b. Beryx deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ramalho, A. 1929c. VI Contribution à l’étude des races de la Sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) au<br />

Portugal, à Madeira et aux <strong>Açores</strong>. Pp. 46-55. In ICES: Racial Investigations <strong>of</strong> Fishes. Rapports<br />

et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions, Volume LIV, Copenhague.<br />

Anatomy/ morphology/ meristics; Fisheries.<br />

Ramos, A. G. 1869. Noticia do Archipelago <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong> e do que ha de mais importante na sua<br />

Historia Natural. Angra do Heroismo. Typ. Terceirense (1º Edição): 150pp. [2nd edition: 1871,<br />

same title. Lisboa, Typographia Universal: 229 pp.].

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

History/ historical interest/ ethnology; Natural history; Checklist/ vernacular names.<br />

Observations: This book was written by an army physician interested by natural history. The fish<br />

species cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> are those included in Drouët (1861). The 2nd edition was reviewed and<br />

modified by <strong>the</strong> author. The chapter concerning <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> was not modified except for <strong>the</strong><br />

inclusion <strong>of</strong> a new list <strong>of</strong> vernacular names with " o intuito de chamar sobre elles a atenção <strong>dos</strong><br />

zoologistas" (= <strong>the</strong> intention to call <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> zoologists). These names are: Agulha.<br />

Agulhão. Albafar. Alfonsim. Alvacor. Arraia. Badejo. Bagre. Boto. Cabra. Cação. Cachorra.<br />

Castanheta. Clerigo. Escolar. Enxareo. Enxova. Espa<strong>da</strong>. Espa<strong>da</strong>rte. Gata. Goraz. Irio. Mamona.<br />

Marracho. Mero. Official. Orelão. Paxão. Pesca<strong>da</strong>. Porco. Prombeta. Quelma. Rocaz. Serra.<br />

Solho. Tainha. Tintureira. Tutia.<br />

Rannou, M. & M. Gaborit-Rezzouk 1976. Contribution à l’étude des Batypteroidea (Pisces: Iniomi)<br />

de l’ Atlantique e de la Méditérrané. Bulletin Museum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris,<br />

Série 3 (Zoologie), No. 375) 263: 453-466.<br />

Systematics/ taxonomy/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Rannou, M., J. G. Nielsen & J. C. Hureau 1974. A note on several Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north Atlantic<br />

(Teleostei: Ophidioidei). Bulletin Museum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Zoologie) 171:<br />

1249-1257.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ré, P. 1979a. Lista <strong>da</strong>s espécies de peixes observa<strong>da</strong>s e captura<strong>da</strong>s. 2pp in: L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (Coord.).<br />

Missão Bio-Oceanográfica <strong>Açores</strong> 79. Julho/Agosto 1979. Facul<strong>da</strong>de de Ciências de Lisboa.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions .<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Sphyrna sp., Dasyatis sp., Diplodus vulgaris,<br />

Pagellus sp., Labrus viridis. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Ré, P. 1979b. The eggs and newly hatched larvae <strong>of</strong> Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier, 1830) (Pisces:<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. 4pp. + 2 figures + 2 photographs. In L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (Coord.).<br />

Missão Bio-Oceanográfica <strong>Açores</strong> 79. Julho/Agosto 1979. Facul<strong>da</strong>de de Ciências de Lisboa.<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Ré (1980).<br />

Ré, P. 1980. The eggs and newly hatched larvae <strong>of</strong> Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier, 1830) (Pisces:<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2ª Série, vol VII (8): 109-116.<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions .<br />

Ré, P. 1990. Ecologia <strong>dos</strong> peixes litorais. Pp. 127-151. In Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e<br />

Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1. Universi<strong>da</strong>de<br />

<strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Ecology/ demography; Scientific expeditions. .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Patzner et al. (1992).<br />

Ré, P. & A. J. Almei<strong>da</strong> 1981. Observations on <strong>the</strong> biology <strong>of</strong> Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus<br />

(Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquivos<br />

do Museu Bocage, Série B, vol I (5): 41-52.<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology.<br />

Ré, P. & J. Gomes 1982. The eggs, newly hatched larvae and juveniles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorian Chromis<br />

(Pisces: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e). Boletim <strong>da</strong> Socie<strong>da</strong>de Portuguesa de Ciências Naturais, 21: 9-18.<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles .<br />

185

---

186<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Regan, C. T. 1903. On a collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Annals and Magazine <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />

History, Ser. 7, Vol. XII, September 1903: 344-348.<br />

Systematics/ new species; Checklist.<br />

Regan, C. T. 1908. A synopsis <strong>of</strong> sharks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Squali<strong>da</strong>e. Annals and Magazine <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />

History, London, (8) II, 39-57.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification; Anatomy.<br />

Regan, C. T. 1911. On <strong>the</strong> systematic position <strong>of</strong> Macristium chavesi. Annals and Magazine <strong>of</strong><br />

Natural History, Série. 8, Vol. VII, February 1911: 344-348.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy.<br />

Regan, C. T. 1925. New ceratioid <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> north- Atlantic, <strong>the</strong> Caribean Sea and <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />

Cana<strong>da</strong>, collected by <strong>the</strong> “Dana”. Annals and Magazine <strong>of</strong> Natural History, Ser. 9, Vol. XV:<br />

561-567.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Regan, C. T. 1926. The pediculate <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> suborder Ceratioidea. The Danish “Dana” -<br />

Expedition 1920-22 in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama, No. 2: 1-54 (+ 13 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy; Parasitology; Biology/ reproduction;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Regan, C. T. & Trewavas, E. 1929. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> families Astronesthi<strong>da</strong>e and Chauliodonti<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

The Danish “Dana” - Expedition 1920-22 in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama, No. 5:<br />

1-39 (+ 7 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/<br />

stations.<br />

Regan, C. T. & Trewavas, E. 1930. The <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> families Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e and Malacostei<strong>da</strong>e. The<br />

Danish “Dana” - Expedition 1920-22 in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama, No. 6: 1-<br />

143 + 14 plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy; Geographical distribution; Ecology/<br />

vertcal distribution; development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Regan, C. T. & Trewavas, E. 1932. Deep-sea angler-<strong>fishes</strong> (Ceratioidea). Dana-Report, No. 2: 1-<br />

131 (+ 10 plates).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises/<br />

stations.<br />

Rey, J. C. 1984. La pesca del pez Espa<strong>da</strong> en el Atlántico Noreste. Relatório <strong>da</strong> IV Semana <strong>da</strong>s<br />

Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 4 (1983): 113-117.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics/ technology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Rey, J. C. 1987. Areas tradicionales de pesca de pez espa<strong>da</strong> de la flota española en aguas de <strong>Azores</strong>,<br />

antes de la instauracion de las 200 millas. Relatório <strong>da</strong> VII Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 7<br />

(1986): 111-115.<br />

Fisheries/ history.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Rey, J. C., E. Alot & A. Ramos 1984. Synopsis biologica del Bonito Sar<strong>da</strong> sar<strong>da</strong> (Bloch), del<br />

Mediterraneo y Atlantico Oeste. ICCAT, Recueil de Documents Scientifiques, 20 (2): 469-502.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ technology/ statistics; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction;<br />

Ecology/ feeding/ migration/ population dynamics; Ethology.<br />

Ribeiro, L. S., 1936. Notas sobre a pesca e os pescadores na Ilha Terceira. Açoreana, I (3): 147-169.<br />

History/ ethnology.<br />

Observations: The list <strong>of</strong> species included in this paper, is exclusively based on Sampaio (1904).<br />

Almost all <strong>the</strong> generic names are written in lower cases. Sciaena aquila, a synonym <strong>of</strong><br />

Argyrosomus regius (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 137.2.1.) is cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> in this paper. The occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />

this species, or any o<strong>the</strong>r member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Sciaeni<strong>da</strong>e, is not confirmed for <strong>the</strong> region.<br />

Richard, J. 1900. Les campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco.<br />

Exposition Universelle de 1900, Principauté de Monaco. Imprimerie de Monaco: 140pp.<br />

Natural history; History/ marine research; Oceanography; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Richard, J. 1905a. Campagne scientifique du yacht "Princesse-Alice" en 1904.- Observations sur la<br />

faune bathypélagique. Bulletin de l’Institut Musée Océanographique de Monaco, No. 41: 1-30.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Richard, J. 1905b. Campagne scientifique de la “Princesse-Alice” (1905). Liste des Stations (avec<br />

une carte). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 46: 1-<br />

31.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Richard, J. 1910. Les campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Bulletin<br />

de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 162: 159pp. xxvii.<br />

History/ marine research/ historical interest; Scientific divulgation; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises/ technology; Oceanography/ cruises; <strong>Marine</strong> Geology; Natural history/ zoology.<br />

Richard, J. 1911. Campagne scientifique de la L’Hirondelle II (1911) (avec une carte). Liste des<br />

Stations. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 218: 1-<br />

9.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Richard, J. 1912. Campagne scientifique de la L’Hirondelle II (1912) (avec une carte). Liste des<br />

Stations. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 251: 1-<br />

15.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Richard, J. 1913. Campagne scientifique de la L’Hirondelle II (1913). Liste des Stations (avec une<br />

carte). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 274: 1-15.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Richard, J. 1934. Liste générale des stations des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert de<br />

Monaco avec notes et observations. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son<br />

Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule, LXXXIX: 1-348.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations; Checklist.<br />

Richards, W. J. 1968. Eastern Atlantic Trigli<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces, Scorpaeniformes) Atlantide Report, 10: 77-<br />

114.<br />

Systematics/ identification species/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Geographical distribution. .<br />

187

---

188<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Roberts, C. D. 1993. Comparative morphology <strong>of</strong> spined scales and <strong>the</strong>ir phylogenetic significance<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Teleostei. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Science, 52 (1): 60-113.<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Anatomy/ comparative morphology.<br />

Robins, C. H. & C. R. Robins 1989.Family Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 207-253 in: E. B. Böhlke (ed.).<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One, Part Nine, Volume One: Orders<br />

Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research,<br />

Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Texas.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification keys/ nomenclature; Anatomy/ morphology; Chechlist;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny; Geographical distribution; Biogeography; Ecology; Biology .<br />

Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea and W. B. Scott<br />

1991. Common and Scientific Names <strong>of</strong> Fishes from <strong>the</strong> United States and Cana<strong>da</strong>. (Fifth<br />

edition). American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20: 183pp.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature/ vernacular names; Checklist.<br />

R<strong>of</strong>en, R. R. 1966a. Family Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 205-461 in: G. W. Mead (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western<br />

North Atlantic. Number One. Part Five: Order Iniomi. Order Lyomeri. Memoir - Sears<br />

Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist; Evolution/ phylogeny;<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ethology.<br />

R<strong>of</strong>en, R. R. 1966b. Family Omosudi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 462-481 in: G. W. Mead (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western<br />

North Atlantic. Number One. Part Five: Order Iniomi. Order Lyomeri. Memoir - Sears<br />

Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research. Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist; Evolution/ phylogeny; Development/ larvae<br />

and juveniles; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Geographical distribution; Ethology.<br />

Roule, L. 1912. Notice sur les Sélaciens conservés <strong>da</strong>ns les collections du Musée Océanographique.<br />

Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 243: 1-36.<br />

[reprinted in 1940 in: Recueils de Travaux relatifs aux Campagnes du Prince Albert I er de<br />

Monaco (Protistologie, Zoologie, Physiologie, Bactériologie, Algologie, Pathologie). Résultats<br />

des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du<br />

Monaco, Fascicule CIII: Pp. 174-200].<br />

Checklist; Museum collections/ catalogue; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Roule, L. 1915. Sur les poissons abyssaux de la famille des Brotulidés <strong>da</strong>ns l’Océan Atlantique<br />

nord. Comptes Rendus des Scéances hébdoma<strong>da</strong>ires de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, CLXI:<br />

56-58.<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution.<br />

Roule, L. 1916. Notice préliminaire sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou rares des poissons provenant<br />

des croisières de S. A. S. le Prince du Monaco. Bulletin de l´Institut Océanographique<br />

(Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 320: 1-32.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Roule, L. 1919. Poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht PRINCESSE-ALICE (1891-1913) et du<br />

yacht HIRONDELLE II (1914). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht<br />

par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LII, Imprimerie du Monaco. 190pp. +<br />

erratum + 7 plates.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry/ comparative morphology/ meristics; Checklist;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1920. Notice préliminaire sur les larves de Poissons recueillis par S. A. S. le<br />

Prince de Monaco <strong>da</strong>ns ses croisières de 1885 à 1895 (inclus). Bulletin de l´Institut<br />

Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 378: 1-8.<br />

Systematics; Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Brotuli<strong>da</strong>e sp., Cerati<strong>da</strong>e sp., Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e sp.<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1921. Notice préliminaire (II e ) sur les larves et les alevins de poissons<br />

recueillis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco <strong>da</strong>ns ses croisières de 1896 à 1901 (inclus). Bulletin<br />

de l´Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), 397: 1-8.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/<br />

cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Lampanyctus sp., Seriola sp., Gobius sp.,<br />

Blennius sp. (probably Bl. pholis or Bl. ocellaris).<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1923. Notice préliminaire (III e ) sur les larves et les alevins de poissons<br />

recueillis par S. A. S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco <strong>da</strong>ns ses croisières (années 1902-03-04).<br />

Bulletin de l´Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), 429: 1-7.<br />

Development/ larvae and juveniles; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: an unidentified larvae <strong>of</strong> Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Stylophthalmus sp., Cyclothone sp., Argyropelecus sp., Myctophum sp., Diaphus sp., Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

sp., Paralepis sp., Thyrsites ?, Scorpaena sp., Paraneirodes sp. and Pleuronectiformes.<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1924. Notice préliminaire (IV e et dernière) sur les larves et les alevins de<br />

Poissons recueillis par S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco <strong>da</strong>ns ses croisières (années 1905 à<br />

1915). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier de Monaco), No. 451: 1-7.<br />

Checklist; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Stylophthalmoides sp., Myctophum sp., Paralepis<br />

sp., ?Bonapartia sp., Melamphaes sp. and gen. ind. Trichiuri<strong>da</strong>e.<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1930. Larves et alevins de poissons provenants des croisières du Prince Albert<br />

Ier du Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier<br />

Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LXXIX, Imprimerie du Monaco. 148pp. (+ 6 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: larva <strong>of</strong> Pteridium atrum (= Oligopus ater;<br />

Cl<strong>of</strong>nam 172.10.1., but according to Cohen 1964 <strong>the</strong> larval specimen does not belong to O. ater),<br />

Ceratiella A.; Larva sp. (Krohnius ?); Exocoetus furcatus; Blennius sp.; Cyclothone sp.;<br />

Myctophum (Diaphus) Gemmellari; Scorpaena sp.; Argyropelecus sp.; Coryphaena sp.; Rhombus<br />

sp.; Lipactis tumidus; Stylophthalmella B.; Melanocetus sp.;<br />

Roule, L & F. Angel 1931. Observations et rectifications concernant divers Poissons recueillis par S.<br />

A. S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco au Cours des campagnes 1911 a 1914. Bulletin de l’Institut<br />

Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier, Prince de Monaco), No. 581: 1-8.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Anatomy; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Echiostoma Richardi.<br />

189

---

190<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1932. Notice préliminaire sur un nouveau genre de poisson abyssal provénant<br />

des collections du Musée Océanographique de Monaco. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique du<br />

Monaco, 2 e , s., t. IV: 500.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Roule, L. & F. Angel 1933. Poissons provenant des campagnes du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco.<br />

Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince<br />

Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LXXXVI, (Imprimerie du Monaco): 155 pp. + 4 plates.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Roule, L. & L. Bertin 1929. Les poissons apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Nemichthydiformes.<br />

The Danish “Dana” - Expedition 1920-22 in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama, No<br />

Dana-Report, No. 4: 1-113 + 9 plates.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical<br />

distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Roule, L. & L. Bertin 1931. Nemichthys scolopaceus. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune<br />

Ichthyologique de l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer,<br />

Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18 (cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L 1966. Sobre a ocorrência na costa de Sesimbra de jovens de Chromis chromis (Pisces:<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2 (1) -Notas e suplementos-: XI-XVIII.<br />

Geographical distribution/ new record;Anatomy/ morphometry.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1977. Poissons capturés et photographiés lors des plongés du bathyscaphe Archimède<br />

aux <strong>Açores</strong> - 1969. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 2ª Série, VII, 3: 35-50.<br />

Deep-sea research; Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphometry/ meristics; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Cyclothone sp.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1980. Fauna submarina Atlântica - Portugal continental, <strong>Açores</strong>, Madeira. Europa-<br />

América, 203pp.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ field guide; Checklist.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1981. Sur la présence de Paraconger macrops (Gun<strong>the</strong>r, 1870) aux <strong>Açores</strong>. Cybium, 5<br />

(2): 95-97.<br />

Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/ new record; Ecology.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1982a. Remarques sur Taenioconger longissimus et Paraconger macrops à Madére<br />

(Pisces, Congri<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 6 (4): 3-14.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry; Ecology/ demography/ feeding; Biology/ reproduction; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1982b. Anguilliformes. Pp.: 7-20. In Maurin, C. & J. C. Quéro (Eds.), Poissons des<br />

côtes nord-ouest africaines (Campagne de la “Thalassa” 1962, 1968, 1971, 1973). Revues des<br />

Travaux de l’Institut des Pêches Maritimes, 65 (1): 95pp.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1991. Fauna <strong>da</strong>s pr<strong>of</strong>undi<strong>da</strong>des marinhas. Colóquio/ Ciências, 3 (7): 26-42.<br />

Scientific divulgation; Deep-sea research.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1992. <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong>, habitats and conservation. The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology,<br />

42 (2-3): 190-199.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1994. Fishes observed and collected during <strong>the</strong> Alvin dives at <strong>the</strong> Lucky Strike <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />

vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge - 1993). Cybium, 18 (4): 460-462.<br />

Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. 1995. Fauna submarina Atlântica - Portugal continental, <strong>Açores</strong>, Madeira (2ª edição,<br />

revista e aumenta<strong>da</strong>). Publicações Europa-América, Lisboa: 364pp.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ field guide; Checklist.<br />

Observations: Second edition (reviewed and enhanced) <strong>of</strong> Sal<strong>da</strong>nha (1980). The author also cites for<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Kyphosus sp.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. & M. Biscoito in press a. Gaidropsarus mauli a new species <strong>of</strong> gadid fish from <strong>the</strong><br />

Lucky Strike hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vent site (mid- Atlantic Ridge) and <strong>the</strong> Biscay Slope. Copeia, in<br />

press.<br />

Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents; Systematics/ diagnosis/ nomenclature/ new species; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution/ feeding; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L. & M. Biscoito in press b. Fishes from <strong>the</strong> Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal<br />

vent sites (mid- Atlantic ridge). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, in press.<br />

Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents; Systematics/ diagnosis/ nomenclature; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution/ feeding; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, L., P. Ré & A. F. Martins (Eds.). 1992. Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne<br />

Océanographique du Prince Albert de Monaco aux <strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’ Hirondelle. Açoreana,<br />

Supl., 345 pp.<br />

History/ marine research; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Sampaio, A. S. 1904. Memoria sobre a Ilha Terceira. Imprensa Municipal, Angra do Heroismo. ix +<br />

876.<br />

History/ ethnology/ historical interest; Checklist/ vernacular names.<br />

Observations: Alfredo <strong>da</strong> Silva Sampaio was <strong>the</strong> son <strong>of</strong> José Augusto <strong>da</strong> Silva Sampaio, also a<br />

medicine doctor, and a prominent amateur naturalist and collector <strong>of</strong> Terceira Island who died<br />

before completion <strong>of</strong> his work on <strong>the</strong> History <strong>of</strong> Terceira Island. The chapter dedicated to <strong>the</strong> fauna<br />

was finished by A. S. Sampaio, following <strong>the</strong> plan left by his fa<strong>the</strong>r. This book about Terceira<br />

Island cites 70 species <strong>of</strong> fish, with information about <strong>the</strong>ir common name, utilisation and<br />

abun<strong>da</strong>nce. This reference, despite being introduced in <strong>the</strong> checklist, is taxonomically very<br />

awkward and indeterminate but <strong>of</strong> historical interest. Sciaena aquila, a synonym <strong>of</strong> Argyrosomus<br />

regius regius (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 137.2.1.) is cited for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. This species, or any o<strong>the</strong>r member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

family Sciaeni<strong>da</strong>e, does not occur in <strong>the</strong> region.<br />

Sanches, J. G. 1986a. Peixes de Interesse Comercial (Lista de Nomes Portugueses). Lisboa,<br />

Instituto Nacional de Investigação <strong>da</strong>s Pescas, Publicações Avulsas No. 8, 67pp.<br />

Fisheries/ vernacular names; Checklist.<br />

Sanches, J. G. 1986b. Nomenclatura e diagnose <strong>dos</strong> principais peixes marinhos de Portugal<br />

(Ciclóstomos, Seláceos e Holocéfalos). Lisboa, Instituto Nacional de Investigação <strong>da</strong>s Pescas,<br />

Publicações Avulsas No.9, 184pp.<br />

191

---

192<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ vernacular names; Checklist; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1984. Contribuição para o estudo <strong>da</strong> eco-etologia de Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas<br />

(Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) do litoral rochoso <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente<br />

de Investigação: Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, 121<br />

pp.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction; Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1985a. Estrutura e função <strong>dos</strong> territórios em machos parentais de Blennius<br />

sanguinolentus Pallas (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Memórias do Museu do Mar - Série Zoológica, 3<br />

(29) 1985: 1 - 46.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1985b. Parentais e satélites: tácticas alternativas de acasalamento nos machos de<br />

Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Arquipélago - Série Ciências <strong>da</strong><br />

Natureza,VI (1985): 119-146.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1986. Capaci<strong>da</strong>de de retorno à área vital, padrão de dispersão e organização social em<br />

Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) durante a época <strong>da</strong> reprodução. Psicologia,<br />

V (1) l986: 121-131.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1987. Aspectos <strong>da</strong> ecologia e comportamento <strong>da</strong> fauna litoral <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>: I.<br />

Observações sobre o comportamento territorial e parental de Parablennius ruber (Valenciennes)<br />

(Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e), com uma pequena nota sobre os embriões. Açoreana, VI (4) 1987: 295-<br />

317.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction; Development/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1989. Observações sobre os intervalos de desenvolvimento de Parablennius<br />

sanguinolentus Pallas (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Nova Série, vol I (19)<br />

1989: 293-310.<br />

Development/ eggs/ embriology/ larvae and juveniles; Ethology.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1992a. Behavioural ecology, phenology and ethology <strong>of</strong> an interti<strong>da</strong>l blenny,<br />

Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836)<br />

(Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e), from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. PhD Thesis. Department <strong>of</strong> Environmental and<br />

Evolutionary Biology, University <strong>of</strong> Liverpool: x + 293pp (+ 19 plates, 4 appendices).<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Development/ larvae and<br />

juveniles; Ecology/ feeding/ population dynamic.<br />

Observations: PhD <strong>the</strong>sis ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1992b. Protecção e conservação do meio marinho nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Pp. 107-122 in: L.<br />

Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, P. Ré & A. F. Martins (Eds.). Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique<br />

du Prince Albert de Monaco aux <strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’ Hirondelle. Açoreana (Suplemento 1992).<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation; Scientific divulgation/ lecture.<br />

Santos, R. S. 1995a. Anatomy and histology <strong>of</strong> secon<strong>da</strong>ry sexual characters, gonads and liver <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

rock-pool blenny (Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis) (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Arquipélago - Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences, 13A: 21-38.

---

Biology/ reproduction; Anatomy/ histology.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Santos, R. S. 1995b. Allopaternal care in <strong>the</strong> redlip blenny (Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus)<br />

(Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 47: 350-353.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Santos, R. S. & V. Alma<strong>da</strong> 1988. Intraspecific variations in reproductive tactics in males <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

rocky interti<strong>da</strong>l fish Blennius sanguinolentus in <strong>Azores</strong>.pp. 421-447. In G Chellazzi & M.<br />

Vannini (Eds.): Behavioral A<strong>da</strong>ptation to Interti<strong>da</strong>l Life. Plenum Press, New York.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Santos, R. S. & J. P. Barreiros 1993. The ethogram <strong>of</strong> Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis<br />

(Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquipélago. Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences 11A: 73-90.<br />

Ethology.<br />

Santos, R. S. & R. D. M. Nash 1995. Seasonal changes in sandy beach fish assemblage at Porto Pim,<br />

Faial, <strong>Azores</strong>. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 41 (5): 579- 591.<br />

Ecology/ demography/ Population dynamics; Checklist.<br />

Santos, R. S. & R. D. M. Nash 1996. Seasonal variations in injuries suffered by individuals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Azorean rock-pool blenny, Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis. Copeia, 1996 (1): 216-<br />

219.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology.<br />

Santos, R. S., V. Alma<strong>da</strong> & A. I. Santos 1988. Taxonomic status and ecology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> giant race <strong>of</strong><br />

Lipophrys pholis (L.) (Pisces: Blennii<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Programme and Abstracts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixth<br />

Congress <strong>of</strong> European Ichthyologists: 180.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics; Ecology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Santos, R. S., V. Alma<strong>da</strong> & A. J. F. Santos 1989. Field experiments and observations on homing and<br />

territoriality in interti<strong>da</strong>l <strong>fishes</strong>. pp. 623-632. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard &<br />

S. Parmigiani (Eds.) EthoExperimental Analysis <strong>of</strong> Behaviour. Kluwer Academic Press,<br />

Dordrecht.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Santos, R. S., H. R. Martins, H. A. Isidro, L. R. Monteiro & S. J. Hawkins 1990a. Alguns aspectos<br />

<strong>da</strong> investigação e conservação no domínio marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Pp. 4-15. In Expedição<br />

<strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I,<br />

Vol. 1: Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation; History/ History <strong>of</strong> marine research.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Santos et al. (1995c).<br />

Santos, R. S., F. M. Porteiro, N. Serpa, V. Rosa, O. Amaral & R. A. Patzner 1990b. Peixes (perfis)<br />

in: Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório<br />

Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 2: 202-232. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento de Oceanografia e<br />

Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Santos, R. S., R. D. M. Nash & S. J. Hawkins 1994a. Fish assemblages on interti<strong>da</strong>l shores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Island <strong>of</strong> Faial, <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquipélago - Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences 12A: 87-100.<br />

193

---

194<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Ecology/ demography/ population dynamics; Checklist.<br />

Santos, R. S., L. R. Monteiro, M. Alves, E. J. Isidro, H. R. Martins & S. J. Hawkins 1994b. A<br />

Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Research in Relation to Conservation in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquivos do DOP, Série<br />

Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 1/1994: 1-58.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation; History/ marine research; Oceanography; Biogeography; Fisheries.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation. Ghost paper <strong>of</strong> Santos et al. (1995c).<br />

Santos, R. S., J. Gonçalves & E. Isidro 1995a. <strong>Marine</strong> research: The role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong><br />

Oceanography and Fisheries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Higher Education Policy, 8 (2): 25-<br />

28.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ education; History/ marine research.<br />

Santos, R. S., R. D. M. Nash & S. J. Hawkins 1995b. Age, growth and sex ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean<br />

rock-pool blenny, Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Biological<br />

Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, 75 (3): 751-754.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Ethology.<br />

Santos, R. S., S. J. Hawkins, L. R. Monteiro, M. Alves & E. J. Isidro 1995c. <strong>Marine</strong> research,<br />

resources and conservation in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Aquatic Conservation: <strong>Marine</strong> and Freshwater<br />

Ecosystems, 5 (4): 311-354.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> conservation; History/ marine research; Oceanography; Biogeography; Fisheries.<br />

Santos, R. S., S. J. Hawkins & R. D. M. Nash 1996. Reproductive phenology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean rockpool<br />

blenny (Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis), a fish with alternative mating tactics.<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 48 (5): 842-858.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Sazonov, Yu. I. 1976. Materials on <strong>the</strong> systematics and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Searsii<strong>da</strong>e<br />

(Salmoniformes, Alepocephaloidei). Transactions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> P. P. Sirskov Institut <strong>of</strong> Oceanololy,<br />

104: 26-72. (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Sazonov, Yu. G. & A. I. Galaktionova 1987. Some <strong>da</strong>ta on <strong>the</strong> morphometrics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grey<br />

triggerfish, Balistes carolinensis, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central-eastern Atlantic. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 2: 340-342.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry; Geographical distribution.<br />

Schmidt, J. 1918. Argentini<strong>da</strong>e, Microstomi<strong>da</strong>e, Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e. Mediterranean Odontostomi<strong>da</strong>e<br />

Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dana Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-1910 to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean and<br />

Adjacent Seas Vol. II. Biology, A. 5.: 1-40 (with 23 figures and 4 charts in text).<br />

Systematics; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Schmidt, J. 1921a. Contributions to <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun-<strong>fishes</strong> (Mola and<br />

Ranzania). Meddlelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersø-gelser, Serie Fiskeri, VI (6): 16pp.<br />

Biology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Schmidt, J. 1921b. New studies <strong>of</strong> Sun-<strong>fishes</strong> made during <strong>the</strong> “Dana” Expedition, 1920. Nature,<br />

107 no. 2681: 76-79.<br />

Biology; Geographical distribution, Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Schmidt, J. 1926 Fur<strong>the</strong>r studies <strong>of</strong> Sun-<strong>fishes</strong> made during <strong>the</strong> Dana Expedition, 1921-1922.<br />

Nature, 117 No. 2933: 80-81.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Geographical distribution; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Schroeder, W. C. 1940. Some deep sea <strong>fishes</strong> from <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic. Copeia, 1940 (4): 231-238.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Schultz, L. P. 1958. Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parrot<strong>fishes</strong> family Scari<strong>da</strong>e. United States National Museum,<br />

Bulletin 214, Smithsonian Institution, 143pp.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Checklist; Evolution/ phylogeny; Geographical distribution.<br />

Schultz, L. P. 1964. Family Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 241-273 in: H. B. Bigelow (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Four: Order Isospondyli, in part (Argentinoids,<br />

Stomiatoids, Esocoids, Bathylaconoids) and Order Giganturoidei. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion<br />

for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: Based on Roule & Angel (1933), <strong>the</strong> author referes to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> Argyropelecus<br />

affinis. However, <strong>the</strong> stations <strong>of</strong> Roule & Angel (1933) was outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area considered to be <strong>the</strong><br />

Azorean waters.<br />

Sedberry, G. R. 1995. Aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> biology and management <strong>of</strong> wreckfish, Polyprion americanus,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> western north Atlantic. Relatório <strong>da</strong> XIII Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 13 (1994): 105-<br />

116.<br />

Geographical distribution; Biology; Fisheries/ statistics; Fisheries biology; Ecology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Sedberry, G. R., J. L. Carlin, R. W. Chapman & B. Eleby 1996. Population structure in <strong>the</strong> panoceanic<br />

wreckfish, Polyprion americanus (Teleostei: Polyprioni<strong>da</strong>e) as indicated by mtDNA<br />

variation. Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 49 (Supplement A): 318-329.<br />

Genetics; Geographical distribution; Ecology.<br />

Serafim, M. P. & H. M. Krug 1995. Age and growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> red porgy. Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus,<br />

1758) (Pisces: Spari<strong>da</strong>e) in <strong>the</strong> Azorean waters. Arquipélago - Life and Earth Sciences, 13A: 11-<br />

20.<br />

Biology/ age/ growth; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Serpa, J. de 1886. A Industria Piscatoria nas Ilhas Fayal e Pico. Opusculos Açorianos, I. Imprensa<br />

Academica. Coimbra: 1- 18.<br />

History/ ethnology.<br />

Observations: This publication contains small essays about fisheries on Pico and Faial Islands<br />

without reference to scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species.<br />

Shaboneyev, I. Ye. 1973. Materials on <strong>the</strong> biology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horsemackerel Trachurus picturatus<br />

picturatus (Bowdich) in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central Atlantic. Trudy, 93: 91-101 (English<br />

translation, mimeo).<br />

Biology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Shaboneyev, I. Ye. 1980. Systematics, morpho-ecological characteristics and origin <strong>of</strong> carangids <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Genus Trachurus. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 20 (6): 15-24.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ morphology; Ecology; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

195

---

196<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Shaboneyev, I. Ye. & A. N. Kotlyar 1979. A comparative morphoecological analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern<br />

Pacific forms <strong>of</strong> Trachurus symmetricus and <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus<br />

picturatus picturatus. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 19 (2): 24-29.<br />

Anatomy/ morphology; Ecology.<br />

Shaboneyev, I. Ye. & Ye. I. Ryazantseva 1977. Population structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oceanic horsemackerel<br />

(Trachurus picturatus picturatus). Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 17 (6): 954-958.<br />

Biology; Ecology/ population dynamics; Geographical distribution.<br />

Shcherbachev, Y. N., 1981. Preliminary review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Ocean species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e (Myctophiformes, Osteichthyes). Pp. 47-67 in: Parin, N. V. (Ed.) 1981.<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Open Ocean. Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> USSR, P. P. Shirshov Institut <strong>of</strong><br />

Oceanology, Moscow: 119pp (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ anatomy; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Shcherbachev, Y. N. & N. S. Novikova 1976. Materials on <strong>the</strong> distribution and systematics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

mesopelagic <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e (Osteichthyes). Transactions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> P. P. Sirskov<br />

Institut <strong>of</strong> Oceanololy, 104: 92-112. (in Russian, English summary).<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Shcherbachev, Y. N., E.I. Kukuev & V.I. Shlibanov, 1985. Composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> benthic and demersal<br />

ichthyocenoses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> submarine mountains in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic Range.<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 25 (1): 110-125.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Shipp, R. L. 1974. The puffer<strong>fishes</strong> (Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic ocean. Publications <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf<br />

Coast Research Laboratory Museum, 4: 1-163.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis/ nomenclature; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry;<br />

Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution/ feeding; Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Shores, D. L. 1969. Postlarval Sudis (Pisces: Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e) in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean. Breviora<br />

(Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology), 334: 1-14.<br />

Development/ postlarvae; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/cruises.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1983. Preliminary studies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exploited stock <strong>of</strong> kitefin shark, Scymnorhinus licha<br />

(Bonnaterre, 1788) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. International Council for <strong>the</strong> Exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sea, C.M.<br />

1983/G:18: 13pp .<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1986a. Crescimento e reprodução <strong>da</strong> abrótea Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766) em mares<br />

<strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Provas de Acesso à Categoria de Assistente de Investigação. Departamento de<br />

Oceanografia e Pescas, Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Horta. 100pp. + 1 anexo.<br />

Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Fisheries biology.<br />

Observations: MSc <strong>the</strong>sis; ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1986b. Biologia e avaliação <strong>da</strong>s principais espécies demersais <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong><br />

VI Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 6 (1985): 105-113.<br />

Fisheries; Checklist; Biology/ age/ growth/ reproduction; Fisheries biology/ parameters.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1987. An assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azorean stock <strong>of</strong> kitefin shark, Dalatias licha (Bonn,<br />

1788). International Council for <strong>the</strong> Exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sea, C.M. 1987/G:66: 10pp .<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1992. Potenciali<strong>da</strong>des pesqueiras <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Pp. 199-215 in: L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, P. Ré & A.<br />

F. Martins (Eds.). Centenaire de la Dernière Campagne Océanographique du Prince Albert de<br />

Monaco aux <strong>Açores</strong> à bord de L’Hirondelle. Açoreana (Suplemento 1992).<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics; Scientific divulgation/ lecture.<br />

Silva, H. M. 1995. An intensive fishing experiment in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> (Study contract 94/028). Interine<br />

progress report. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Relatórios internos, 1/95: 19pp.<br />

Fisheris biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ technology.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. & H. M. Krug 1992. Virtual population analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forkbeard, Phycis phycis<br />

(Linnaeus, 1766), in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Arquipélago - Life and Earth Sciences, 10: 5-12.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters; Fisheries/ statistics.<br />

Silva, H. M. & H. M. Krug 1995. Estado de exploração do goraz nos <strong>Açores</strong>. Relatório <strong>da</strong> XIII<br />

Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 13 (1994): 63-72.<br />

Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. & G. M. Menezes 1995a. Relatório do cruzeiro demersais realizado durante o inverno<br />

de 1993-94 nos <strong>Açores</strong> (ARQDAÇO-01-I93). Arquivos do DOP, Série: Cruzeiros, 3/95: 40pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Deania spp., Etmopterus spp., Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e sp.<br />

ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M. & G. M. Menezes 1995b. Relatório do cruzeiro demersais realizado durante a<br />

primavera de 1994 nos <strong>Açores</strong> (ARQDAÇO-02-P94) Arquivos do DOP, Série: Cruzeiros, 2/95:<br />

42pp.<br />

Fisheries/ cruises/ technology/ checklist; Fisheries biology/ parameters.<br />

Observations: The author also cite for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Deania spp., Etmopterus spp., Trigla spp.,<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e sp. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M., H. M. Krug & G. M. Menezes 1994. Bases para a regulamentação <strong>da</strong> pesca de<br />

demersais <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Estu<strong>dos</strong>, 4/94: 1-41.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics/ checklist/ fleet; Fisheries biology/ parameters; Ecology/ demography. .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, H. M., J. M. Lorenzo, J. Delgado & G. Menezes 1995. Design optimisation and<br />

implementation <strong>of</strong> demersal survey cruises in <strong>the</strong> Macaronesian Archipelagos (Study contract<br />

94/034). Interim progress report. Arquivos do DOP, Série: Cruzeiros, 2/95: 16 pp. + 3 figures +<br />

14 tables.<br />

Fisheries biology, fisheries cruises.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Silva, M. E. <strong>da</strong> 1893. S. Miguel em 1893. Cousas e Pessoas - Cartas reproduzi<strong>da</strong>s do "Diario de<br />

Noticias" de Lisboa. Biblio<strong>the</strong>ca <strong>da</strong> Autonomia <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Volume I: 1-88.<br />

197

---

198<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

History; Museum collections; Scientific divulgation.<br />

Observations: This publication contains short notices about <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. In page 19 <strong>the</strong> author refers<br />

to <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> Lophius piscatorius, Syngnathus acus and Caeratopterus sp. (raia or jamanta)<br />

in Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>). ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Simões, P. R. & H. M. Silva 1995. Caracterização <strong>da</strong> pesca de Espa<strong>da</strong>rte (Xiphias gladius) em águas<br />

Açoreanas. Relatório <strong>da</strong> XIII Semana <strong>da</strong>s Pescas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, 13 (1994): 203-222.<br />

Fisheries/ statistics/ fleet .<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Skaramuca, B., D. Mušin, V. On<strong>of</strong>ri & M. Caric 1989. A contribution to <strong>the</strong> knowledge on <strong>the</strong><br />

spawning time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dusky grouper (Epinephelus guaza L.). Ichthiologia, 21 (1): 79-85.<br />

Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Smale, M. J. 1996. Cephalopods as prey. IV. Fishes. Philosophical Transactions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Royal<br />

Society <strong>of</strong> London, Series B, Vol. 351, No. 1343: 1067-1081.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Smith, D. G. & P. H. J. Castle 1982. Larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nettastomatid eels: Systematics and Distribution.<br />

Dana-Report, No. 90: 1-44.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Development/ larvae and juveniles; Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Smith, D. G. & J. G. Nielsen, 1989. Family Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 441-459 in: E. B. Böhlke (ed.).<br />

Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One, Part Nine, Volume One: Orders<br />

Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research,<br />

Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Texas.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution.<br />

Steenstrup, J. & Lütken, Chr. 1898. Spolia Atlantica. Bidrag til Kundskab om Klump-eller<br />

Maanefiskene (Moli<strong>da</strong>e). Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Kjøbenhaven,<br />

Afd IX. 6: 51-54.<br />

Systematics/ nomenclature; Geographical distribution.<br />

Stefanescu, C., D. Lloris & J. Rucabado 1991. À propos de la présence de Lepidion guen<strong>the</strong>ri<br />

(Giglioli, 1880) (Mori<strong>da</strong>e) en Méditerranée occidentale Ibérique. Cybium, 15 (2): 139-146.<br />

Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Observations: The authors compare <strong>the</strong> morphometry and <strong>the</strong> meristic <strong>of</strong> L. guen<strong>the</strong>ri and L.<br />

Lepidion.<br />

Stefanescu, C., D. Lloris & J. Rucabado 1994. Revali<strong>da</strong>tion <strong>of</strong> Lampanyctus gemmifer (Goode &<br />

Bean, 1879), a junior synonym <strong>of</strong> Lampanyctus crocodilus (Risso, 1810) in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean<br />

(Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e). Cybium, 18 (3): 315-323.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Geographic distribution.<br />

Stehmann, M. 1971. Raja (Leucoraja) leucosticta spec. nov. (Pisces, Batoidei, Raji<strong>da</strong>e), eine neue<br />

Rochenart aus dem Seegebiet des tropischen Westafrika; gleichzeitig zur Frage des Vorkommens<br />

von Raja ackleyi Garman, 1881 im mittleren Ostatlantik. Archiv für Fishereiwissenschaft, 22 (1):<br />

1-16.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Stehmann, E. 1973. Raji<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 58-69 in: J. C. Hureau & Th. Monod (eds.). Check-list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-eastern Atlantic and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Systematics; Geographical distribution.<br />

Stehmann, M. 1978. Raja “bathyphila”, eine doppelart des sub-genus Rajella: wieder-beschreibung<br />

von R. batyphila Holt & Byrne, 1908 und Raja bigelowi sp. nov. (Pisces, Rajiformes, Raji<strong>da</strong>e).<br />

Archiv für Fishereiwissenschaft, 29 (1/2): 23-58.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology; Development/ eggs/ larvae and<br />

juveniles; Ecology/ vertical distribution; Biology/ reproduction; Geographical distribution; Scientific<br />

expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Stehmann, M. 1995. First and new records <strong>of</strong> skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Raji<strong>da</strong>e) from <strong>the</strong><br />

West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions <strong>of</strong> two new species.<br />

Archives <strong>of</strong> Fishery and <strong>Marine</strong> Research, 43 (1): 1-119.<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis/ new species; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphology;<br />

Development; Geographical distribution.<br />

Stein<strong>da</strong>chner, F. 1868a. Ichthyologischer Bericht über eine nach Spanien und Portugal<br />

unternommene Reise. Aus dem LVII (IV. Fortsetzung.). Bände der Sitzungsberichte der<br />

kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien): 603-708 (+ 9 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Stein<strong>da</strong>chner, F. 1868b. Ichthyologischer Bericht über eine nach Spanien und Portugal<br />

unternommene Reise. Aus dem LVII (V. Fortsetzung.). Bände der Sitzungsberichte der<br />

kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien): 351-422 (+ 6 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Steiner, L. 1995. Rough-too<strong>the</strong>d dolphin, Steno bre<strong>da</strong>nensis: a new species recorded for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>,<br />

with some notes on behaviour. Arquipélago - Life and <strong>Marine</strong> Sciences, 13A: 125-128.<br />

Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Observations: Occurrence <strong>of</strong> new marine mammals and note on <strong>the</strong>ir feeding behaviour.<br />

Sulak, K. J. 1974. Morphological and ecological observations on Atlantic ipnopid <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

genus Bathytyphlops. Copeia, 1974: 570-573.<br />

Anatomy/ meristics/ mophometry; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Sulak, K. J. 1977. The systematics and biology <strong>of</strong> Bathypterois (Pisces: Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e) with a<br />

revised classification <strong>of</strong> benthic myctophiform <strong>fishes</strong>. Gala<strong>the</strong>a Report, 14: 49-108.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Geographical distribution; Biology/ reproduction; Ecology/ vertical distribution;<br />

Evolution/ phylogeny.<br />

Svetovidov, A. N. 1955. Contribution to <strong>the</strong> classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> needle<strong>fishes</strong> -Belone belone (L.)-<br />

Pisces: Beloni<strong>da</strong>e-. Trüdy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 18: 343-345. (in<br />

Russian).<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Svetovidov, A. N. 1986. Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three-bearded rocklings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Genus Gaidropsarus<br />

Rafinesque, 1810 (Gadi<strong>da</strong>e) with new description <strong>of</strong> a new species. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology, 26<br />

(1): 114-135.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Geographical distribution.<br />

199

---

200<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Swanberg, N. R. & G. R. Harbison 1980. The ecology <strong>of</strong> Collozoum longiforme, sp. Nov., a new<br />

colonial radiolarian from <strong>the</strong> equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 27A: 715-732.<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations.<br />

Taborsky, M. 1994. Sneakers, satellites and helpers: parasitic and cooperative behavior in fish<br />

reproduction. Advances in <strong>the</strong> Study <strong>of</strong> Behavior 23, 1-100.<br />

Ethology/ behavioural ecology; Biology/ reproduction.<br />

Tåning, Å. V. 1923. Lophius. Report on <strong>the</strong> Dana Oceanographical Expeditions 1908-1910 to <strong>the</strong><br />

Mediterranian and Adjacent Seas, Vol. II. Biology, A. 10.: 1-30.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Tåning, Å. V. 1932a. Myctophum hygomi. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Tåning, Å. V. 1932b. Myctophum simile. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique de<br />

l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-18<br />

(cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Tåning, Å. V. 1932c. Myctophum humboldti. In L. Joubin (Ed.) 1929-1938. Faune Ichthyologique<br />

de l’Atlantique Nord. Conseil Permanent pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. Cahiers 1-<br />

18 (cards not numbered).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Templeman, W. 1970a. A review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Morid fish genus Lepidion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic with first<br />

records <strong>of</strong> Lepidion eques from <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Journal <strong>of</strong> Fisheries Research<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Cana<strong>da</strong>, 27: 457-498.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Bibliography; Ecology/ feeding; Parasitology;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Templeman, W. 1970b. Additional tabular details <strong>of</strong> distributional, meristic and morphometric <strong>da</strong>ta<br />

for <strong>the</strong> paper: A review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Morid fish genus Lepidion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic with first records<br />

<strong>of</strong> Lepidion eques from <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Technical Report <strong>of</strong> Fisheries Research<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Cana<strong>da</strong>, 160: 30pp.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Bibliography; Ecology/ feeding; Parasitology;<br />

Geographical distribution.<br />

Tighe, K. A. 1989. Family Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e. pp. 613-627 in: E. B. Böhlke (ed.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Western North Atlantic. Number One, Part Nine, Volume One: Orders Anguilliformes and<br />

Saccopharyngiformes. Memoir - Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Allen Press, Inc.,<br />

Lawrence, Texas.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist; Geographical<br />

distribution; Ecology; Ethology.<br />

Tizard, T. H., H. N. Moseley, J. Y. Buchanan & J. Murray 1885. Narrative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cruise <strong>of</strong> H. M. S.<br />

Challenger with a general account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scientific results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> expedition. Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Scientific Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Voyage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> H. M. S. Challenger During <strong>the</strong> Years 1873-1876.<br />

Narrative Vol. I, First Part,: liv + 508pp. (+ 19 plates).<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises/ stations; History/ marine research.

---

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Topal. S.K., 1987. Osteological characters <strong>of</strong> six Atlantic lanterfish species (Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e). Voprosy<br />

Ikthtiologii, No. 1: 30-39.<br />

Anatomy/ comparative morphology; Ecology/ feeding.<br />

Tortonese, E. 1954. Zoogeography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean sea pearchs (Pisces: Serrani<strong>da</strong>e). Rapport<br />

et Procès-Verbaux Réunion CIESM, 12: 93-103.<br />

Geographical distribution; Biogeography. .<br />

Observations: The author also represents in a map <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Serranus scriba for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Tortonese, E & J. C. Hureau 1979. Cl<strong>of</strong>nam, supplément 1978, Les Presses de l’ UNESCO; Cybium,<br />

3e série, 1979 (5): 5 [333] - 66 [394].<br />

Checklist; Bibliography.<br />

Trewavas, E. & S. E. Ingham 1972. A key to <strong>the</strong> species <strong>of</strong> Mugili<strong>da</strong>e (Pisces) in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>astern<br />

Atlantic and Mediterranean, with explanatory notes. Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology <strong>of</strong> London, 167: 15-29.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ nomenclature; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ueyanagi, S., G. Imakoji & S. Doi 1972. Ecological studies on <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fshore pelagic<br />

<strong>fishes</strong>. Division <strong>of</strong>. Pelagic Fish Resources., Bulletin <strong>of</strong> Far Seas Fisheries Research<br />

Laboratory: 15-19.<br />

Fisheries; Geographical distribution.<br />

Ueyanagi, S., S. Kikawa, M. Uto & Y. Nishikawa 1970. Distribution, spawning, and relative<br />

abun<strong>da</strong>nce <strong>of</strong> bill<strong>fishes</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> Far Seas Fisheries Research<br />

Laboratory, No. 3: 15-55.<br />

Fisheries; Biology/ reproduction; Geographic distribution.<br />

Vacchi, M. 1986. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> Sphoeroides cutaneus (Gün<strong>the</strong>r, 1870) (Pisces, Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e)<br />

in <strong>the</strong> middle-west Mediterranean Sea. Cybium, 10 (2): 199-203.<br />

Anatomy/ morphometry; Geographical distribution/ new record; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Vaillant, L. 1887. Considérations sur les Poissons des grands pr<strong>of</strong>ondeurs. Comptes Rendus des<br />

Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (10 Janvier 1887): 3pp.<br />

Anatomy; Geographical distribution; Ecology/ vertical distribution.<br />

Vaillant, L. 1888. Poissons. Expéditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pen<strong>da</strong>nt les<br />

années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Paris: 405pp + xxviii plates.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ morphology; Checklist;Geographical<br />

distribution; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Vaillant, L. 1898. Sur la présence de l’Anguille commune en haute mer. Comptes Rendus des<br />

Scéances de l’Académie des Sciences, Monaco 1898: 1-2.<br />

Ecology/ migration.<br />

Vaillant, L. 1919. Appendice. Liste des espèces determinées par M. le Pr<strong>of</strong>esseur Léon Vaillant. Pp.<br />

129- 135. In Louis Roule. Poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht PRINCESS-ALICE (1891-<br />

1913) et du yacht HIRONDELLE II (1914). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur<br />

son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LII, Imprimerie du Monaco.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Observations: The author also cites <strong>the</strong> following Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>: Trachyrhynchus sp.,<br />

station 719 (39º11’N, 30º24’15’’W), 1600m; Hymenocephalus sp., station 575 (38º27’N, 26º30’<br />

15’’W and 38º27’N, 26º28’45’’W), 1165m.<br />

201

---

202<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Valenciennes, A. 1833. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Tome Neuvième: Scomberoïdes, xxix +<br />

512p in: G. Cuvier & A. Valenciennes 1828-1849. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Paris-<br />

Strasbourg.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Museum collections.<br />

Valenciennes, A. 1849. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Tome Vingt-Deuxième: Suite de la la<br />

famille des Salmonoïdes, xx + 532p in: G. Cuvier & A. Valenciennes 1828-1849. Histoire<br />

Naturelle des Poissons, Paris-Strasbourg.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Museum collections.<br />

Van Beneden, P. J. 1892. Quelques nouveaux Caligides de la côte d’Afrique et de l’Archipel des<br />

<strong>Açores</strong>. Bulletin de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique,<br />

3, XXIV: 241-262.<br />

Systematics; Parasitology.<br />

Observations: <strong>the</strong> author refers to <strong>the</strong> genus Ceratopterus as occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>.<br />

Van Dover, C. L., D. Desbruyères, N. Segonzac, T. Comtet, L. Sal<strong>da</strong>nha, A. Fiala-Médioni & C.<br />

Languir 1996. Biology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lucky Strike hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal field. Deep Sea Research- I, 43 (9):<br />

1509-1529.<br />

Deep-sea research/ hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal vents; Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: <strong>the</strong> authors also refer to a non identified morid.<br />

Van Tassel, J. L., A. Brito & S. A. Bortone 1994. Cleaning behaviour among marine <strong>fishes</strong> and<br />

invertebrates in <strong>the</strong> Canary Islands. Cybium, 18 (2): 117-127.<br />

Ethology.<br />

Walbaum, I. I. 1792. Emen<strong>da</strong>ta et Aucta. p. 535. Petri Artedi Sueci Genera Piscium in Quibus<br />

Systema Totum Ichthyologiæ Proponitur cum Classibus, Ordinibus, Generum Characteribus,<br />

Specierum Differentiis, Observationibus Plurimis. Re<strong>da</strong>ctis Speciebus 242 ad genera 52.<br />

Ichthyologiæ Pars III. Grypeswaldiæ, Impensis Ant. Ferdin, Röse.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Checklist; Museum collections.<br />

Wheeler, A. 1978. Key to <strong>the</strong> Fishes <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Europe. Frederick Warne (Publ.), London, xix +<br />

380pp.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ field guide; Checklist; Systematics/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Observations: Wheeler (1978) also cites Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.7.1.)<br />

and Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cl<strong>of</strong>nam: 139.3.1), in a precise map point.<br />

Wheeler, A. 1992. A list <strong>of</strong> common and scientific names <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British Isles. Journal <strong>of</strong><br />

Fish Biology, Supplement A, September 1992: iii + 37pp.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ vernacular names.<br />

Whitehead, P. J., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Eds.) 1989. Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

North-east Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Vol. I, II and III. UNESCO, Paris: 1473pp.<br />

Checklist; Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Geographical distribution.<br />

Willis, A. C. & E. Wood 1974. Development <strong>of</strong> Abudefduf luridus and Chromis chromis. pp. 41-45.<br />

In <strong>Açores</strong> Expedition 1973. Report <strong>of</strong> Exul Sub Aqua Club Scientific Diving Expedition to Sao<br />

Miguel, <strong>Azores</strong>, August 1973. London.<br />

Development/ eggs/ larvae and juveniles.<br />

Wirtz, P. 1990a. Das neue Tauchziel - Ilhas <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>. Tauchen, 1990/7: 20-24.

---

Scientific divulgation.<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Wirtz, P. 1990b. Peixes. In Expedição <strong>Açores</strong>/89. Ecologia e Taxonomia do Litoral Marinho <strong>dos</strong><br />

<strong>Açores</strong>.-Relatório Preliminar. Parte I, Vol. 1: 105-108. Universi<strong>da</strong>de <strong>dos</strong> <strong>Açores</strong>, Departamento<br />

de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, <strong>Açores</strong>.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: The author also cites for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> a Diplecogaster spec. ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />

circulation.<br />

Wirtz, P. 1991. Die Küstenfische der Azoren. Datz, 2/91: 103-105.<br />

Scientific divulgation.<br />

Wirtz, P. 1992. Knapp <strong>da</strong>neben: Wie ich eine neue Fischart entdeckte. Datz, 4/92: 252-253.<br />

Scientific divulgation.<br />

Wirtz, P. 1994. Underwater Guide. Fish. Madeira, Canary Islands, <strong>Azores</strong>. Verlag Stephanie<br />

Naglschmid, Stuttgart.159pp.<br />

Scientific divulgation/ field guides; Checklist.<br />

Witzell, W. N. 1973. Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e. Pp. 58-69 in: J. C. Hureau & Th. Monod (eds.). Check-list <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-eastern Atlantic and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris.<br />

Checklist; Geographical distribution.<br />

Wood, C. (Coord.) 1973. <strong>Açores</strong> Expedition 1972. Final Report, University <strong>of</strong> London Sub Aqua<br />

Club, Exul Sub Aqua Club, London: ii + 78 (mimeo).<br />

Scientific expeditions.<br />

Wood, C. 1974. Commercial fishing studies. pp. 47-54. In <strong>Açores</strong> Expedition 1973. Report <strong>of</strong> Exul<br />

Sub Aqua Club Scientific Diving Expedition to São Miguel, <strong>Azores</strong>, August 1973. London.<br />

Fisheries/ technology; Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Wood, E. M. 1977. A review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>da</strong>msel<strong>fishes</strong> (Pisces: Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Chromis<br />

from central and eastern Atlantic and <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Journal <strong>of</strong> Fish Biology, 10: 331-345.<br />

Systematics/ identification keys/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry/ comparative<br />

morphology; Geographical distribution.<br />

Wood, E. & B. Williams 1974. Collection <strong>of</strong> inshore <strong>fishes</strong> and ecological notes. pp. 55-69. In<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> Expedition 1973. Report <strong>of</strong> Exul Sub Aqua Club Scientific Diving Expedition to Sao<br />

Miguel, <strong>Azores</strong>, August 1973. London.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions.<br />

Observations: ms/ paper <strong>of</strong> reduced circulation.<br />

Woods, L. P. 1957. Beryx splendens Lowe in Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Copeia, 1957 (4): 298-299.<br />

Geographical distribution; Anatomy/ meristics.<br />

Woods, L. P. & P. M. Sono<strong>da</strong> 1973. Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformes). Pp. 263-369. In D. M.<br />

Cohen, J. W. Atz, F. H. Berry, J. E. Bölke, R. H. Gibbs, E. A. Lachner, G. W. Mead & D.<br />

Mehinan (eds.). Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic. Number One. Part Six. Order Heteronomi<br />

(Notacanthiformes) Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, Lipogenyi<strong>da</strong>e. Suborder Cyprinodontoidei.<br />

Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformis) Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e, Trachichthy<strong>da</strong>e,<br />

Anomalopi<strong>da</strong>e, Holocentri<strong>da</strong>e, Anoplogasteri<strong>da</strong>e. Order Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes)<br />

Gibberichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, Melamphi<strong>da</strong>e. Order Anacanthini (Gadiformes) in part<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e. Memoir- Sears Foun<strong>da</strong>tion for <strong>Marine</strong> Research, Yale University, New Haven.<br />

203

---

204<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Systematics/ identification key/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Ecology/<br />

vertical distribution; Geographical distribution.<br />

Zander, C. D. 1979. Morphologische und ökologische Untersuchung der Schleimfische<br />

Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1811) und P. parvicornis (Valenciennes, 1836)<br />

(Perciformes, Blennii<strong>da</strong>e). Mitt Hamburger Zoologische Museum Institut, 76: 469-474.<br />

Systematics; Anatomy/ meristics/ comparative morphology; Geographical distribution; Biogeography.<br />

Zander, C. D. 1980. Zoogeography and speciation <strong>of</strong> Mediterranean blennioids (Perciformes,<br />

Pisces). Journées d’ Études sur la Systématique et Biogeografie de la Mediterranée - Cagliari:<br />

33- 37.<br />

Checklist; Evolution/ phylogeny; Biogeography;<br />

Zugmayer, E. 1911a. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht<br />

"Princesse Alice" (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier,<br />

Prince de Monaco), No. 193: 1-14.<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ new species; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Zugmayer, E. 1911b. Poissons provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (1901-1910).<br />

Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince<br />

Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule XXXV, Imprimerie du Monaco. 1-174 (+.6 plates).<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis; Anatomy/ meristics/ morphometry; Checklist; Geographical distribution;<br />

Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Zugmayer, E. 1913. Diagnoses des Stomiatidés nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht<br />

"Hirondelle II" (1911 et 1912). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Fon<strong>da</strong>tion Albert Ier,<br />

Prince de Monaco), No. 253: 1-7. [reprinted in 1940: Recueils de Travaux relatifs aux<br />

Campagnes du Prince Albert I er de Monaco (Protistologie, Zoologie, Physiologie, Bactériologie,<br />

Algologie, Pathologie). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par<br />

Albert Ier Prince Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule CIII: Pp. 201-205].<br />

Systematics/ diagnosis/ identification keys; Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.<br />

Zugmayer, E. 1933. Liste complémentaire des déterminations faites par M. Zugmayer. Appendice.<br />

Pp. 73-85 in: Roule & Angel. Poissons provenant des campagnes du Prince Albert Ier de<br />

Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince<br />

Souverain du Monaco, Fascicule LXXXVI, Imprimerie du Monaco.<br />

Checklist; Scientific expeditions/ cruises.

---

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

The following institutions were visited during <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present work in order to<br />

examine collections (specimens), carry out literature searches and/or prepare illustrations: Natural<br />

History Museum (London), Musée Océanographique (Monaco), Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta<br />

Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Açores</strong>), Aquário Vasco <strong>da</strong> Gama (Dafundo, Lisboa), Museu Municipal do Funchal<br />

(Madeira), Musée d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology (Harvard<br />

University).<br />

Specimens and/or detailed information about specimens (including photographs) were received from<br />

<strong>the</strong> National Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C.), Musée<br />

Océanographique (Monaco), Museu Municipal do Funchal (Madeira) and Muséem National<br />

d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris).<br />

The following libraries kindly provided bibliography and photocopies ei<strong>the</strong>r by mail or in situ:<br />

Museu Carlos Machado (Ponta Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Azores</strong>), Museu Municipal do Funchal (Madeira), Musée<br />

Océanographique (Monaco), Natural History Museum (London), Museu Bocage (Lisboa), Ernst<br />

Mayr Library (Harvard Universisty) and many libraries associated with <strong>the</strong> <strong>da</strong>tabase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Norwegian National Union Catalogue, Oslo University Library.<br />

The following people have been most helpful on several occasions. We especially acknowledge<br />

Helen Rost Martins and Helena Isidro (DOP/UA) for <strong>the</strong>ir extremely helpful work on contacting<br />

libraries; Adolfo Lima, Eduar<strong>da</strong> Oliveira, Conceição Machado (DRP/ Secretaria Regional <strong>da</strong><br />

Agricultura e Pescas) for supporting <strong>the</strong> project and providing grants; Norberto Serpa and Vitor<br />

Rosa (DOP) for being “buddy” divers and able specimens collectors; João Constância (MCM, Ponta<br />

Delga<strong>da</strong>, <strong>Açores</strong>) for helping and giving access to <strong>da</strong>tabases, information and bibliography;<br />

Albertina Tavares Gonçalves (DOP/UA) for organising bibliographic <strong>da</strong>tabases; Peter Wirtz for<br />

helping with collecting and specimens identification; Nigel Merrett, Oliver Crimmen, Paul Cornelius<br />

and <strong>the</strong> librarians <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NHM, London for helping with organisation, identification and<br />

bibliography; Manuel Biscoito (MMF, Madeira) for lending us specimens and helping with<br />

identification, bibliography and commenting on <strong>the</strong> manuscript. John Briggs (Arnolsville, Georgia,<br />

USA), Peter Miller (University <strong>of</strong> Bristol, U.K.), Karsten E. Hartel (MCZ, Harvard Universiy),<br />

David G. Smith and Jeffrey T. Williams (USNM- Smithsonian Institution, Washington), Tetsuji<br />

Nakabo (Department <strong>of</strong> Fisheries, Kyoto Univertity, Japan), James Craddock (Woods Hole<br />

Oceanographic Institution, USA) for identifying specimens. Leslie Gallagher helped with<br />

identifications and in many o<strong>the</strong>r way including drawing specimens. Eduardo Esteves, Pedro Afonso<br />

<strong>dos</strong> Santos, Telmo Gomes (DOP/UA) while undergraduate students helped to organise <strong>the</strong> collection<br />

<strong>of</strong> preserved specimens at DOP. Robert Patzner and Barbara Loidl (University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Austria)<br />

and Richard D. M. Nash (University <strong>of</strong> Liverpool, U.K.) are acknowledge for collaborative work on<br />

<strong>the</strong> fish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>, John Kelly and Debbie Triant (MCZ, Harvard University) for <strong>the</strong>ir help with<br />

<strong>the</strong> MCZ fish collection, Christian Carpine (MOM) for lending specimens from <strong>the</strong> collections,<br />

Phillip Heemstra (J. L. B. Smith Institute <strong>of</strong> Ichthyology) for helping with identifications and<br />

bibliography, Jorge Forjaz (Public Library and Archive <strong>of</strong> Angra do Heroísmo, <strong>Açores</strong>) for<br />

providing with bibliography. G. E. Maul provided information and bibliography during our stays at<br />

<strong>the</strong> MMF and gave us free access to his most valuable correspon<strong>da</strong>nce with Bernhard Collins. Susan<br />

Jewett (USNM, Smithsonian Institution) provided information and photographs <strong>of</strong> Scorpaena<br />

azorica. João Gonçalves, Helder Marques <strong>da</strong> Silva, Luís Rocha Monteiro, José Manuel Azevedo,<br />

205

---

206<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Encarnación Solà, Gui Menezes, João Gil Pereira, Eduardo Isidro, Frederico Cardigos, Alexandre<br />

Silva, Paulo Martins, Carmelina Leal, Sandra Silva, José Branco and Jorge Oliveira are<br />

acknowledged for providing specimens, valuable information, and several forms <strong>of</strong> collaboration<br />

during <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present work.<br />

Acknowledgements are also due to <strong>the</strong> Captains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following fishing boats: “Aviz”, “Casmar”,<br />

“Guernica”, “Lajes do Pico”, “Mar <strong>da</strong> Prata”, “Neuzamar”, “Pérola do Faial”, “Príncipe <strong>da</strong><br />

Horta”, “Rei do Atlântico”, “Rosa Saron”, “Sérgio Fábio” and “Três Rosas". To <strong>the</strong> captains and<br />

crew <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research ship “Arquipélago” our special thanks. People from LotaAçor and RUFIMAR<br />

have been most helpful and collaborative all <strong>the</strong> time. Thanks are also extended to <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Special acknowledgements for critical evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> manuscript are due to Luiz Sal<strong>da</strong>nha,<br />

Manuel Biscoito, Malcolm Clarke, Karsten Hartel and James Craddock. Malcolm Clarke, Helen<br />

Rost Martins and Jo Anne Hartel are also acknowledged for <strong>the</strong>ir help with <strong>the</strong> English. G. E. Maul<br />

is specially acknowledged for providing free access to his correspon<strong>da</strong>nce with Bernhard Collins.<br />

Helder Marques <strong>da</strong> Silva, Gui Menezes and Alex Silva have always provided information, and made<br />

available records new species for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong> originated from <strong>the</strong> demersal cruises <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> R/V<br />

“Arquipélago”.<br />

Special acknowledgments are due to José Ávila Martins, to whom <strong>the</strong> present work is dedicated,<br />

and to Adolfo Lima. They have always supported and promoted scientific marine research at <strong>the</strong><br />

University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong>. Their contribution was priceless for <strong>the</strong> realisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present work.<br />

The present work would not have been possible without grants awarded by <strong>the</strong> following<br />

institutions: Secretaria Regional <strong>da</strong> Agricultura e Pescas/ DRP (Horta), INVOTAN/ JNICT<br />

(Lisboa), Fun<strong>da</strong>ção Calouste Gulbenkian (Lisboa), Gabinete do Ministro <strong>da</strong> República para os<br />

<strong>Açores</strong> (Angra do Heroísmo) and Fun<strong>da</strong>ção Luso Americana para o Desenvolvimento (Lisboa) to<br />

whom we are deeply grateful.<br />

The present work is contribution no. 24 from Expedition <strong>Azores</strong>’89, contribution no. 1 from CLIPE<br />

(PRAXIS XXI: Proj. 3/3.2/EMG/1957/95) and contribution no. 3 from MESOPE (FLAD: Proj.<br />

242/97).

---

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES<br />

A<br />

abadejo, 97<br />

abrótea-do-alto, 60<br />

Abudefduf, 94<br />

Abudefduf luridus, 94<br />

abyssal smooth-head, 123<br />

abyssal spiderfish, 39<br />

acanthias, Squalus, 118<br />

Acanthidium calceus, 14<br />

Acanthochaenus lutkeni, 70<br />

Acanthocybium solandri, 106<br />

Acantholabrax palloni, 95<br />

Acantholabrus palloni, 95<br />

Acantholabrus romerus, 95<br />

Acanthostracion notacanthus, 114<br />

acanthurus, Argyropelecus, 31<br />

acarne, Pagellus, 91<br />

acclinidens, Cyclothone, 123<br />

Aceratias indicus, 65<br />

Aceratias macrorhinus indicus, 65<br />

acklegii, Raja, 15<br />

ackleyi, Raia, 15<br />

ackleyi, Raja, 15<br />

Acropomati<strong>da</strong>e, 79<br />

Actinopterygii, 17, 120<br />

aculeatus, Argyropelecus, 31<br />

acus, Belone, 126<br />

acus, Belone belone, 67<br />

acus, Carapus, 124<br />

acus, Strogylura, 67<br />

acus, Strongylura, 126<br />

acus, Syngnathus, 74, 75, 198<br />

acus, Tylosurus, 67, 126<br />

adipata, Leucobrotula, 54<br />

adipatus, Leucobrotula, 54<br />

aequalis, Macrurus, 57<br />

aequalis, Macrurus (Coelorhynchus), 57<br />

aequalis, Nezumia, 57<br />

aequoraeus, Entulurus, 73<br />

aequoreus, Entelurus, 73<br />

aequoreus, Entulurus, 73<br />

aequoreus, Nerophis, 73<br />

afer, Gymnothorax, 121<br />

afer, Lycodontis, 121<br />

affinis, Lestidiops, 41<br />

affinis, Macroparalepis, 42<br />

affinis, Paralepis, 41<br />

agarrador, 83, 84<br />

Agassizi, Aulopus, 38<br />

agassizi, Bathysaurus, 40<br />

agassizi, Chlorophtamus, 38<br />

agassizi, Chloropthalmus, 38<br />

agassizii, Chlorophthalmus, 38<br />

Agassizii, Chlorophthalmus, 38<br />

agujon needlefish, 126<br />

agulhão, 68, 110<br />

Ahliesaurus berryi, 40<br />

alaloaga, Thynnus, 108<br />

alalonga, Germo, 108<br />

alalunga, Germo, 108<br />

alalunga, Thunnus, 108, 111<br />

alalunga, Thunnus (Germo), 108<br />

alalunga, Thunnus (Thunnus), 108<br />

alalunga, Thynnus, 108<br />

alatum, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 49<br />

Alausa pilchardus, 25<br />

alba, Cyclothone, 29<br />

alba, Cyclothone signata, 29<br />

albacares, Thunnus, 108<br />

albacares, Thunnus (Neothunnus), 108<br />

albacora, 108, 109<br />

albacora, Neothunnus, 108<br />

albacora, Orcynus, 108<br />

albacora, Thunnus (Neothunnus), 108<br />

albacore, 108<br />

albafar, 11<br />

albafar bravo, 11<br />

Alberti, Trichostomias, 35<br />

albescens, Echeneis, 84<br />

albescens, Remorina, 84<br />

albicans, Istiophorus, 129<br />

albidus, Tetrapturus, 109<br />

Albuliformes, 17, 18<br />

Aldrovandia macrochir, 17<br />

Aldrovandia macrochira, 17<br />

Aldrovandia phalacra, 17<br />

Aldrovandia phalacrus, 17<br />

Alepisauri<strong>da</strong>e, 43, 123<br />

Alepisaurus, 147<br />

Alepisaurus brevirostris, 123<br />

Alepisaurus ferox, 42, 43, 110, 123, 159<br />

Alepisaurus sp., 176<br />

Alepocephali<strong>da</strong>e, 26, 122, 132

---

Alepocephalus rostratus, 26, 28<br />

alexandrinus, Epinephelus, 81<br />

alfonsim, 72<br />

alfonsino, 72<br />

alletteratus, Euthynnus, 150<br />

almaco jack, 87<br />

Alopias superciliosus, 118<br />

Alopias vulpes, 10<br />

Alopias vulpinus, 10<br />

Alopii<strong>da</strong>e, 10, 118<br />

Aloporphyrus lepidion, 59<br />

altipinnis, Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus, 128<br />

Aluterus monocerus, 114<br />

alvacor, 108, 109<br />

alvacora, 109<br />

amabilis, Argyropelecus, 31<br />

amberjack, 86<br />

americanum, Polyprion, 79<br />

americanus, Polyprion, 79<br />

amethystinopunctatus, Maurolicus, 32<br />

amethystino-punctatus, Maurolicus, 32<br />

Amia imberbe, 83<br />

amia, Lichia, 86<br />

ampullaceus, Saccopharynx, 25<br />

anale, Scopelarchus, 40<br />

analis, Scopelarchus, 40<br />

Anarchias euryurus, 19<br />

anatina, Enchelycore, 19<br />

anatina, Muraena, 19<br />

anatina, Murena, 19<br />

anatinus, Lycodontis, 19<br />

anchova, 83<br />

anchovy, 121<br />

angler, 62<br />

anglerfish, 62<br />

anguiformis, Apterichthys, 22<br />

Anguilla anguilla, 18, 19, 158<br />

Anguilla canariensis, 19, 156<br />

Anguilla fluviatilis, 156<br />

Anguilla vulgaris, 19, 158<br />

anguilla, Anguilla, 18, 19, 158<br />

anguilla, Muraena, 19<br />

Anguillae vulgaris, Leptocephalus, 19<br />

Anguilli<strong>da</strong>e, 18<br />

Anguilliformes, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 121<br />

anomala, Lampadena, 47<br />

Anoplogaster cornuta, 71<br />

Anoplogastri<strong>da</strong>e, 71<br />

Anotopteri<strong>da</strong>e, 43<br />

Anotopterus pharao, 43<br />

Antennarii<strong>da</strong>e, 62, 125<br />

208<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Antennarius bermudensis, 62, 63<br />

Antennarius histrio, 63<br />

Antennarius nummifer, 62<br />

Antennarius ocellatus, 125<br />

Antennarius radiosus, 125<br />

Antennarius senegalensis, 63, 125<br />

Anthias anthias, 80<br />

Anthias sacer, 80<br />

anthias, Anthias, 80<br />

anthias, Serranus, 80<br />

Antigonia capros, 73<br />

aper, Capros, 73<br />

Aphanopus, 147<br />

Aphanopus carbo, 106<br />

Aphanopus intermedius, 173<br />

Aphareus obtusirostris, 111<br />

Aphyoni<strong>da</strong>e, 53<br />

Aphyonus gelatinosus, 53<br />

Apletodon incognitus, 161<br />

Apletodon n. sp., 101, 102<br />

Apletodon pellegrini, 102<br />

Apogon (Apogon) imberbis, 83<br />

Apogoni<strong>da</strong>e, 79, 83<br />

Apristurus, 117<br />

Apristurus maderensis, 117<br />

Apterichthus anguiformis, 22<br />

Apterichthus caecus, 21<br />

Apterichthys caecus, 22<br />

aquila, Leiobatus, 17<br />

aquila, Myliobatis, 17, 120<br />

aquila, Sciaena, 187<br />

aramaca, Hemirhombus, 112, 131<br />

aranha <strong>da</strong> pedra, 60<br />

arborifera, Lynophryne, 65<br />

arcticum, Protomyctophum (Hierops), 50<br />

arcticus, Trachipterus, 51, 52<br />

Arctozenus rissoi, 41<br />

ardeola ardeola, Belone, 67<br />

ardeola, Belone ardeola, 67<br />

areeiro, 113<br />

arenai, Scorpaenodes, 78<br />

arenatus, Priacanthus, 82<br />

argalus, Belone, 67<br />

argalus, Platybelone, 67<br />

argenteus argenteus, Gadiculus, 61<br />

argenteus, Diretmus, 71<br />

argenteus, Gadiculus argenteus, 61<br />

argenteus, Lepidopus, 106<br />

argenteus, Scopelosaurus, 40<br />

Argentina sphyraena, 122

---

argentine, 122<br />

Argentini<strong>da</strong>e, 122<br />

argentivittatus, Thunnus, 108<br />

argulus argulus, Platybelone, 67<br />

argulus lovii, Platybelone, 67<br />

argulus trachura, Platybelone, 67<br />

argulus, Platybelone argulus, 67<br />

Argyropelecus, 164<br />

Argyropelecus acanthurus, 31<br />

Argyropelecus aculeatus, 31<br />

Argyropelecus amabilis, 31<br />

Argyropelecus gigas, 31<br />

Argyropelecus hemigymnus, 32<br />

Argyropelecus olfersi, 32<br />

Argyropelecus olfersii, 32<br />

Argyropelecus Olfersii, 31, 32<br />

Argyropelecus sp., 189<br />

Argyrosomus regius, 187, 191<br />

Argyrossomus regius, 168<br />

Arii<strong>da</strong>e, 122<br />

Ariosoma balearicum, 22<br />

Aristostomias tittmanni, 34<br />

armatus, Coryphaenoides, 57<br />

armatus, Nematonurus, 57<br />

armed grenadier, 57<br />

armed gurnard, 127<br />

Arnoglossus imperialis, 131<br />

Arnoglossus lophotes, 131<br />

Arnoglossus rueppelli, 112<br />

Arnoglossus Rüppeli, 112<br />

arraia, 14, 15, 119<br />

arreião, 17<br />

ascensionensis, Caranx, 86<br />

ascensionis, Caranx, 86<br />

asper, Taractes, 88, 89<br />

asperrimus, Coryphaenoides, 58<br />

asperrimus, Macrurus (Coryphaenoides), 58<br />

asperrimus, Trachonurus, 58<br />

Aspitrigla cuculus, 78, 127<br />

Aspitrigla obscura, 132<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s gemmifer, 34<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s micropogon, 34<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s neopogon, 34<br />

Astrones<strong>the</strong>s niger, 34<br />

Astronesthi<strong>da</strong>e, 132<br />

ater, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

ater, Oligopus, 189<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rina (Hepsetia) presbyter, 66<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rina presbyter, 66<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rina sp., 66, 138<br />

A<strong>the</strong>rini<strong>da</strong>e, 66<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

A<strong>the</strong>riniformes, 66<br />

Atlantic big-eye, 82<br />

Atlantic bluefin tuna, 109<br />

Atlantic bonito, 107<br />

Atlantic fanfish, 88<br />

Atlantic lizardfish, 41<br />

Atlantic pomfret, 88<br />

Atlantic sabretooth, 43<br />

Atlantic sailfish, 129<br />

Atlantic saury, 68<br />

Atlantic spiny lumpsucker, 128<br />

Atlantic thornyhead, 78<br />

Atlantic torpedo, 14<br />

atlantica atlantica, Paralepis, 42<br />

atlantica, Coccorella, 43<br />

atlantica, Howella brodiei, 79<br />

atlantica, Paralepis atlantica, 42<br />

atlanticum, Hoplostethus, 71<br />

atlanticus atlanticus, Ophioblennius, 100<br />

atlanticus spinulosus, Leiogaster, 71<br />

atlanticus, Coelorhinchus, 55<br />

atlanticus, Diogenichthys, 46<br />

atlanticus, Hoplostethus, 71<br />

atlanticus, Ophioblennius, 100<br />

atlanticus, Ophioblennius atlanticus, 100<br />

atlanticus, Tarpon, 120<br />

atlanticus, Tetragonurus, 130<br />

atlanticus, Torictus, 28<br />

atlanticus, Uropterygius, 19<br />

atrata, Coccorella, 43<br />

atri, Leptocephalus Cyematis, 121<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong>, Paracentropristis, 81<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong>, Serranellus, 81<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong>, Serranus, 81, 82<br />

atricau<strong>da</strong>, Serranus (Pseu<strong>dos</strong>erranus), 81<br />

atringa, Chilomycterus, 131<br />

atrum, Cyema, 121<br />

atrum, Pteridium, 189<br />

attenuata, Vinciguerria, 33<br />

attrita, Rouleina, 28<br />

attritus, Bathytroctes, 28<br />

attritus, Rouleina, 28<br />

augusti, Muraena, 20<br />

augusti, Murena, 20<br />

Aulopiformes, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 123<br />

Aulopodi<strong>da</strong>e, 38<br />

Aulopus Agassizi, 38<br />

Aulopus filamentosus, 38<br />

aurata, Chrysophrys, 92<br />

aurata, Liza, 65, 66<br />

aurata, Saprus, 90<br />

209

---

aurata, Sparus, 92<br />

auratus, Chrysophrys, 92<br />

auratus, Mugil, 65, 66<br />

Ausis bisus, 107<br />

Ausis thazard, 107<br />

Auxis rochei, 107<br />

Auxis rochei eudorax, 107<br />

Auxis rochei rochei, 106, 107<br />

Auxis thazard thazard, 107<br />

avocet snipe-eel, 22<br />

Avocettina infans, 22, 24<br />

axillary sea-bream, 91<br />

axillary wrasse, 97<br />

azorensis, Bathytyphlops, 39<br />

azorensis, Julis, 95<br />

<strong>Azores</strong> chromis, 94<br />

azorica, Coryphaena, 85, 132<br />

azorica, Scorpaena, 76<br />

210<br />

B<br />

badejo, 81<br />

bagre, 76<br />

Bairdi, Gastrostoma, 25<br />

bairdii, Coryphaenoides, 124<br />

bairdii, Macrurus, 124<br />

bairdii, Nezumia, 124<br />

Bajacalifornia megalops, 27<br />

balbo sabretooth, 43<br />

balbo, Evermannella, 43<br />

balbo, Odontostomus, 43<br />

balearic conger, 23<br />

balearicae, Leptocephalus congrimuraena, 23<br />

balearicum, Ariosoma, 22<br />

Balistes (Capriscus) carolinensis, 113<br />

Balistes capriscus, 113<br />

Balistes carolinensis, 113, 114<br />

Balistes vetula, 131<br />

Balisti<strong>da</strong>e, 113, 131<br />

ballan wrasse, 96<br />

bandtooth conger, 23<br />

Barathronus parfaiti, 53<br />

barbatum, Echiostoma, 132<br />

barbatus, Mullus, 93<br />

barnesi, Gonichthys, 46<br />

barracudina, 41, 42<br />

barreleyes, 26<br />

barrelfish, 110<br />

bartonbeani, Melanostomias, 36<br />

basilicus, Blennius, 160<br />

basking shark, 10<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Bathophilus metallicus, 35<br />

Bathophilus nigerrimus, 35<br />

Bathophilus vaillanti, 35<br />

bathybius, Histiobranchus, 21<br />

bathyfilum, Gonostoma, 30<br />

Bathygadus longifilis, 56<br />

Bathygadus melanobranchus, 54, 55<br />

Bathygadus vaillanti, 55<br />

Bathygadus Vaillanti, 54<br />

Bathygobius paganellus, 103<br />

Bathylaco nigricans, 27<br />

Bathylagi<strong>da</strong>e, 26<br />

Bathylagus bericoides, 26<br />

Bathylagus greyae, 26<br />

bathyphila, Cyclothone, 30<br />

bathyphila, Raja, 15<br />

bathyphilla, Raja, 15<br />

bathyphilum, Cyclothone, 30<br />

bathyphilum, Gonostoma, 30<br />

bathyphilum, Neostoma, 30<br />

Bathypterois, 182<br />

Bathypterois (Bathycygnus) longipes, 39<br />

Bathypterois (Bathypterois) dubius, 39<br />

Bathypterois (Bathypterois) phenax, 39<br />

Bathypterois (Benthosaurus) grallator, 39<br />

Bathypterois dubius, 38<br />

Bathypterois grallator, 39<br />

Bathypterois longipes, 39<br />

Bathypterois phenax, 39<br />

Bathypterois sp., 176<br />

Bathysaurus agassizi, 40<br />

Bathysaurus ferox, 40<br />

Bathysaurus mollis, 40<br />

Bathytroctes attritus, 28<br />

Bathytroctes microlepis, 27<br />

Bathytroctes mollis, 28<br />

Bathytroctes rostratus, 26, 29<br />

Bathytyphlops azorensis, 39<br />

Bathytyphlops sewelli, 39<br />

batis, Raja (Dipturus), 119<br />

Bean’s sawtoo<strong>the</strong>d eel, 24<br />

beani, Serrivomer, 24<br />

beanii, Scopelogadus, 70<br />

beanii, Serrivomer, 24<br />

Bellocia koefoedi, 27<br />

Belone acus, 126<br />

belone acus, Belone, 67<br />

Belone ardeola ardeola, 67<br />

Belone argalus, 67<br />

Belone belone, 66<br />

Belone belone acus, 67

---

Belone belone gracilis, 66, 126<br />

Belone bimaculata, 67<br />

Belone caudimaculata, 67<br />

Belone Cornidii, 67<br />

belone gracilis, Belone, 66, 126<br />

Belone sp., 67, 160<br />

Belone trachura, 67<br />

Belone vulgaris, 67<br />

belone, Belone, 66<br />

belone, Esox, 67<br />

belone, Ramphistoma, 67<br />

Beloni<strong>da</strong>e, 66, 67, 126<br />

Beloniformes, 66, 67, 68, 126<br />

Bennetti, Lirus, 111<br />

benoiti hygomi, Myctophum (Myctophum), 47<br />

benoiti, Hygophum, 47<br />

benoiti, Myctophum, 47<br />

Benoiti, Myctophum (Myctophum), 47<br />

Benoiti, Scopelus, 47<br />

Benthalbella infans, 39<br />

Benthocometes robustus, 132<br />

Benthodesmus elongatus, 106<br />

Benthodesmus elongatus simonyi, 106<br />

Benthosaurus, 182<br />

Benthosaurus grallator, 39<br />

Benthosema glaciale, 44<br />

Benthosema suborbitale, 44<br />

berggylta, Labrus, 96<br />

bergylta, Labrus, 96<br />

bericoides, Bathylagus, 26<br />

Berix deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus, 72<br />

Bermu<strong>da</strong> chub, 94<br />

Bermu<strong>da</strong> sea chub, 94<br />

bermudensis, Antennarius, 62, 63<br />

berryi, Ahliesaurus, 40<br />

Beryci<strong>da</strong>e, 72<br />

Beryciformes, 71, 72<br />

beryx, 72<br />

Beryx deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus, 72<br />

Beryx sp., 159<br />

Beryx splendens, 72<br />

besugo, 91<br />

bico doce, 11<br />

bicolor eel, 19<br />

bicolor, Chlopsis, 19<br />

bicouloured false moray, 19<br />

bicu<strong>da</strong>, 104<br />

Bigelow´s ray, 15<br />

bigelowi, Raja (Rajella), 15<br />

bigeye, 82<br />

bigeye smooth-head, 27<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

bigeye squaretail, 130<br />

bigeye thresher, 118<br />

bigeye tuna, 109<br />

big-eye tunny, 109<br />

big-eyed frogfish, 125<br />

bigscale pomfret, 89<br />

bimacula, Lepadogaster, 102<br />

bimaculata pectoralis, Diplecogaster, 101, 102<br />

bimaculata, Belone, 67<br />

bimaculata, Diplecogaster, 101, 102, 178<br />

bimaculata, Lepadogaster, 102<br />

bimaculatus, Labrus, 96<br />

bipinnulata, Elagatis, 85<br />

birdbeak dogfish, 14<br />

birostris, Manta, 16<br />

bisus, Ausis, 107<br />

blachei, Ilyophis, 20<br />

black gemfish, 105<br />

black moray, 20<br />

black ruff, 110<br />

black scabbard fish, 106<br />

black scorpion-fish, 77<br />

black warrior, 27<br />

blackbelly rosefish, 75<br />

black-faced blenny, 98<br />

blackfin sorcerer, 24<br />

blackfin spiderfish, 39<br />

blackfish, 110<br />

black-mou<strong>the</strong>d dogfish, 117<br />

blackspot conger, 23<br />

blackspot grenadier, 55<br />

blacktail comber, 81<br />

Blennii<strong>da</strong>e, 99, 130, 160<br />

blennioides, Phycis, 61<br />

Blennius basilicus, 160<br />

Blennius bufo, 99<br />

Blennius fucorum, 130<br />

Blennius galerita, 99<br />

Blennius gattorugine, 101<br />

Blennius inaequalis, 100<br />

Blennius incognitus, 100<br />

Blennius ocellaris, 99, 100, 189<br />

Blennius palmicornis, 101<br />

Blennius pholis, 99, 189<br />

Blennius ruber, 101<br />

Blennius sanguinolentus, 101<br />

Blennius sp., 101, 189<br />

Blennius trigloides, 100<br />

Blennius verryckeni, 100<br />

blennoides, Phycis, 60, 61<br />

blonde ray, 14<br />

211

---

lue fin tuna, 109<br />

blue jack mackerel, 87<br />

blue ling, 62<br />

blue marlin, 109<br />

blue runner, 85<br />

blue shark, 9<br />

blue stingray, 16<br />

blue-fin tunny, 109<br />

bluefish, 83<br />

blue-mouth, 75<br />

blun<strong>the</strong>ad puffer, 115<br />

bluntsnout grenadier, 57<br />

bluntsnout smooth-head, 28<br />

boa dragonfish, 37<br />

boa ferox, Stomias, 37<br />

boa, Stomias, 37<br />

boarfish, 73<br />

boar-fish, 73<br />

bobtail snipe eel, 121<br />

boca-negra, 75<br />

bochecha, 103<br />

bochecha pinta<strong>da</strong>, 103<br />

bodeão, 97<br />

Bodianus scr<strong>of</strong>a, 96<br />

Bodianus speciosus, 96<br />

bodião, 97<br />

bodião <strong>da</strong> areia, 97<br />

bodião do alto, 95<br />

bodião verde, 95<br />

bodião vermelho, 96<br />

boga, 90<br />

bogaraveo, Pagellus, 91, 92<br />

bogue, 90<br />

bolini, Notoscopelus (Pareiophus), 50<br />

Bolinichthys indicus, 44<br />

Bonapartia pe<strong>da</strong>liota, 29<br />

Bonapartia sp., 189<br />

bonito, 107<br />

Boops boops, 90<br />

Boops salpa, 92<br />

boops, Boops, 90<br />

boops, Box, 90<br />

boqueirão, 93<br />

boquinho, 104<br />

Bothi<strong>da</strong>e, 112, 131, 147<br />

Bothus mancus, 112<br />

Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s, 112<br />

Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s maderensis, 112<br />

boureei, Flagellostomias, 36<br />

Bouréei, Flagellostomias, 36<br />

Bourreei, Eustomias, 36<br />

212<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Box boops, 90<br />

Box salpa, 92<br />

Box vulgaris, 90<br />

brachycephalus, Diaphus, 45<br />

brachyptera, Remora, 84<br />

brachyptera, Remora (Remoropsis), 84<br />

brachypterus, Echeneis, 84<br />

brachypterus, Thinnus, 109<br />

brachyura, Raja (Raja), 14<br />

Brama brama, 88<br />

Brama raii, 88<br />

brama, Brama, 88<br />

brama, Pterycombus, 88<br />

bramble shark, 118<br />

Brami<strong>da</strong>e, 88<br />

braueri, Cyclothone, 29, 30<br />

Braueri, Melanostomias, 37<br />

braueri, Photonectes, 37<br />

Braueri, Photonectes (Dolichostomias), 37<br />

brevibarbata, Lynophryne, 65<br />

brevibarbatus, Stomias, 38<br />

brevibarbis, Chalinura, 124<br />

brevidentatus, Serrivomer, 24<br />

brevirostris, Alepisaurus, 123<br />

brevirostris, Himantolophus, 64<br />

brevirostris, Hippocampus, 74<br />

brevis, Paralepis, 42<br />

bristlemouth, 29, 30, 31<br />

bristly grenadier, 58<br />

brodiei atlantica, Howella, 79<br />

brodiei brodiei, Howella, 79<br />

brodiei, Howella, 79<br />

brodiei, Howella brodiei, 79<br />

Brotuli<strong>da</strong>e, 189<br />

brown moray, 19<br />

brucus, Echinorhinus, 118<br />

brunneus, Ilyophis, 132<br />

buckler dory, 72<br />

bufo, Blennius, 99<br />

bufo, Pholis, 99<br />

bull shark, 118<br />

bullet mackerel, 106<br />

bullet tuna, 106<br />

bulleye, 82<br />

bulls-eye, 83<br />

butterfish, 130<br />

butterfly blenny, 99<br />

Bythiti<strong>da</strong>e, 53

---

C<br />

caboz, 100, 103<br />

caboz <strong>da</strong>s cracas, 100<br />

caboz <strong>da</strong>s poças, 100<br />

caboz de crista, 99<br />

caboz de três dorsais, 98<br />

caboz gigante, 99<br />

caboz ocelado, 99<br />

caboz Português, 101<br />

cabra, 78, 87<br />

cabrilla, Paracentropristis, 82<br />

cabrilla, Serranellus, 82<br />

cabrilla, Serranus, 81, 82<br />

cabrinha, 78<br />

cação, 8<br />

cadenati, Diplodus sargus, 90, 91<br />

caecus, Apterichthus, 21<br />

caecus, Apterichthys, 22<br />

caecus, Sphagebranchus, 22<br />

caelorinchus, Coelorinchus, 55<br />

Caeratopterus, 198<br />

Caesiomorus glaucus, 87<br />

calcea, Deania, 14<br />

calceus, Acanthidium, 14<br />

calceus, Centrophorus, 14<br />

calceus, Daenia, 14<br />

calceus, Deania, 14<br />

Caligeria difficilis, 9<br />

Callanthias ruber, 82<br />

Callanthii<strong>da</strong>e, 82<br />

Callionymi<strong>da</strong>e, 102, 128<br />

Callionymus lyra, 128, 129<br />

Callionymus reticulatus, 129<br />

Callionymus reticulatus, 128<br />

Callyonimus phaeton, 103<br />

canariensis, Anguilla, 19, 156<br />

canário do mar, 80<br />

canicula, Scyliorhinus, 117<br />

caninus, Crenilabrus, 96<br />

canis, Galeus, 8<br />

cantarilho, 76<br />

cântaro, 76<br />

Cantharus lineatus, 90<br />

cantharus, Spondyliosoma, 90, 132<br />

Canthidermis maculatus, 113<br />

Canthigaster rostrata, 114<br />

capito, Mugil, 65<br />

capito, Poromitra, 69<br />

capriscus, Balistes, 113<br />

Caproi<strong>da</strong>e, 73<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Capros aper, 73<br />

capros, Antigonia, 73<br />

Carangi<strong>da</strong>e, 85, 86<br />

Caranx, 160, 161<br />

Caranx ascensionensis, 86<br />

Caranx ascensionis, 86<br />

Caranx crysos, 85<br />

Caranx dentex, 86<br />

Caranx georgianus, 161<br />

Caranx hippos, 160, 161<br />

Caranx lugubris, 160<br />

Caranx sp., 86, 160<br />

Caranx trachurus, 87, 88<br />

carapau, 91<br />

Carapi<strong>da</strong>e, 52, 124<br />

carapina, Chalinura, 56<br />

carapine grenadier, 56<br />

carapinus, Coryphaenoides, 56<br />

carapinus, Lionurus, 56<br />

Carapus acus, 124<br />

Carapus imberbis, 124<br />

carbo, Aphanopus, 106<br />

Carcharhini<strong>da</strong>e, 8, 118, 132<br />

Carcharhiniformes, 7, 8, 117, 118<br />

Carcharhinus galapagensis, 8<br />

Carcharhinus leucas, 118<br />

Carcharhinus longimanus, 8<br />

Carcharhinus obscurus, 8<br />

Carcharias glaucus, 9<br />

Carcharias lamia, 8<br />

carcharias, Carcharodon, 10<br />

Carcharodon carcharias, 10<br />

cardinal fish, 83<br />

Caristii<strong>da</strong>e, 89<br />

carolinensis, Balistes, 113, 114<br />

carolinensis, Balistes (Capriscus), 113<br />

castanheta amarela, 94<br />

castanheta preta, 94<br />

Cataetyx laticeps, 53<br />

cataphractum, Peristedion, 127<br />

catulus, scilliam, 12<br />

catulus, Scillium, 12<br />

catulus, Scyllium, 12<br />

cau<strong>da</strong>tus, Lepidopus, 45, 106<br />

caudimaculata, Belone, 67<br />

caudispinosus, Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus), 50<br />

Caulolepis longidens, 71<br />

Caulophryne jor<strong>da</strong>ni, 63, 64<br />

Caulophryne polynema, 64, 132<br />

Caulophryni<strong>da</strong>e, 63, 132<br />

cavala, 107<br />

213

---

cavala <strong>da</strong> índia, 106<br />

cavalo marinho, 74<br />

Centracanthi<strong>da</strong>e, 93<br />

Centracanthus cirrus, 93<br />

Centracantus cirrus, 93<br />

Centriscus gracilis, 75<br />

Centriscus scolopax, 75<br />

centrodontus, Pagellus, 91, 92<br />

Centrolabrus trutta, 95<br />

Centrolophi<strong>da</strong>e, 110<br />

Centrolophus crassus, 111<br />

Centrolophus niger, 110<br />

Centrolophus pompilus, 110<br />

Centrophori<strong>da</strong>e, 13<br />

Centrophorus calceus, 14<br />

Centrophorus granulosus, 13<br />

Centrophorus squamosus, 13<br />

Centroscymnus coelolepis, 11<br />

Centroscymnus crepi<strong>da</strong>ter, 11, 12, 13<br />

centroura, Dasyatis, 120<br />

Cephaloptera giorna, 16<br />

cephalus, Mugil, 65<br />

Ceratias holboelli, 125<br />

Ceratias holbölli, 126<br />

Cerati<strong>da</strong>e, 189<br />

Ceratiella sp., 189<br />

Ceratii<strong>da</strong>e, 65, 125<br />

Ceratocaulophryne regani, 64<br />

Ceratocaulophryne Regani, 64<br />

Ceratopterus, 202<br />

Ceratopterus sp., 16<br />

Ceratoscopelus maderensis, 44<br />

Ceratoscopelus warmingii, 44<br />

cernium, Polyprion, 79<br />

cervinus, Diplodus, 91<br />

Cestracion zygaena, 9<br />

Cetonurus globiceps, 55<br />

Cetorhini<strong>da</strong>e, 10<br />

Cetorhinus maximus, 10<br />

Chaenophryne draco, 64<br />

Chaenophryne longiceps, 65<br />

Chaenophryne melano<strong>da</strong>ctylus, 64<br />

Chaetodon sedentarius, 128<br />

Chaetodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 128<br />

Chalinura brevibarbis, 124<br />

Chalinura carapina, 56<br />

Chalinura guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Chalinura leptolepis, 55<br />

Chalinura mediterranea, 55<br />

Chalinura simula, 55<br />

challengeri, Polyacanthonotus, 18<br />

214<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

chaputa, 88<br />

Charcarodon rondeletii, 10<br />

Charybdia Rüppelii, 112<br />

Chauliodus <strong>da</strong>nae, 35<br />

Chauliodus sloanei, 35<br />

Chauliodus sloanei sloanei, 35<br />

Chauliodus sloani, 35<br />

Chaunaci<strong>da</strong>e, 63<br />

Chaunax pictus, 63<br />

Chaunax sp., 63<br />

Chaunax suttkusi, 63<br />

chavesi, Lampadena, 47<br />

chavesi, Macristium, 40<br />

chavesi, Macristum, 40<br />

chavesi, Myctophum (Lampadena), 47<br />

Cheilopogon exsiliens, 68<br />

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus, 68<br />

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbatus,<br />

68<br />

Chelidonichthys (Trigloporus) lastoviza, 79<br />

chelo, Mugil, 65<br />

Chelon (Crenimugil) labrosus, 65<br />

Chelon labrosus, 65<br />

cherne, 79<br />

Chiasmodon niger, 98<br />

Chiasmodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 98, 128<br />

Chiasmodus niger, 98<br />

chicharro, 87<br />

chicharro do alto, 87<br />

chicote, 74<br />

Chilomycterus atringa, 131<br />

Chimaera monstrosa, 7<br />

Chimaeri<strong>da</strong>e, 7<br />

Chimaeriformes, 7<br />

Chirostomias pliopterus, 35<br />

Chlopsi<strong>da</strong>e, 19<br />

Chlopsis bicolor, 19<br />

Chlorophtalmus agassizi, 38<br />

Chlorophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e, 38<br />

Chlorophthalmus agassizii, 38<br />

Chlorophthalmus Agassizii, 38<br />

Chondrichthyes, 7, 117<br />

choristo<strong>da</strong>ctylus, Malacosteus, 36<br />

choupa, 110<br />

Chromis chromis, 94<br />

Chromis chromis limbatus, 94<br />

Chromis limbata, 94<br />

Chromis limbatus, 94<br />

chromis limbatus, Chromis, 94<br />

chromis, Chromis, 94<br />

chromis, Heliases, 94

---

Chrysophrys aurata, 92<br />

Chrysophrys auratus, 92<br />

chub mackerel, 107<br />

cinereus, Heptanchus, 11<br />

cirrus, Centracanthus, 93<br />

cirrus, Centracantus, 93<br />

clavata, Raia, 15<br />

clavata, Raja, 119<br />

clavata, Raja (Raja), 15, 119<br />

cleaver wrasse, 97<br />

clingfish, 102<br />

Clupea maderensis, 122<br />

Clupea pilchardus, 25<br />

Clupea pitchardus, 25<br />

Clupei<strong>da</strong>e, 25, 122<br />

Clupeiformes, 25, 121, 122<br />

coça, 77<br />

cocco, Gonichthys, 46<br />

cocco, Myctophum, 46<br />

coccoi, Gonichthys, 46<br />

coccoi, Myctophum (Myctophum), 46<br />

Coccoi, Myctophum (Rhinoscopelus), 46<br />

Coccoi, Scopelus, 46<br />

Coccoi, Scopelus (Rhinoscopelus), 46<br />

Coccorella atlantica, 43<br />

Coccorella atrata, 43<br />

coelho do alto, 105<br />

coelolepis, Centroscymnus, 11<br />

Coelorhinchus atlanticus, 55<br />

Coelorhinchus coelorhincus, 55<br />

Coelorhinchus coelorhynchus, 55<br />

Coelorhinchus labiatus, 56<br />

Coelorhinchus vaillanti, 56<br />

coelorhincus, Cioelorhinchus, 55<br />

Coelorhynchus, 147<br />

Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus, 55<br />

Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus coelorhynchus,<br />

55<br />

coelorhynchus coelorhynchus, Coelorhynchus,<br />

55<br />

Coelorhynchus japonicus, 56<br />

Coelorhynchus labiatus, 55<br />

Coelorhynchus occa, 56<br />

Coelorhynchus sp., 147, 159<br />

Coelorhynchus vaillanti, 56<br />

coelorhynchus, Coelorhinchus, 55<br />

coelorhynchus, Coelorhynchus, 55<br />

coelorhynchus, Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus,<br />

55<br />

coelorhynchus, Macrurus, 55<br />

Coelorinchus caelorinchus, 55<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

coin-bearing frogfish, 62<br />

colias, Scomber, 107, 108<br />

comb grouper, 81<br />

comber, 82<br />

common dolphin fish, 85<br />

common remora, 84<br />

common sea bream, 92<br />

common torpedo, 119<br />

compressus, Nauclerus, 86<br />

conchifer, Zenopsis, 72<br />

Conchognatus grimaldii, 21<br />

Conger conger, 23<br />

conger eel, 23<br />

Conger macrops, 23<br />

Conger vulgaris, 23<br />

conger, Conger, 23<br />

conger, Muraena, 23<br />

Congri<strong>da</strong>e, 22<br />

congrimuraena balearicae, Leptocephalus, 23<br />

congrinho, 21<br />

congrinho bicolor, 19<br />

congrinho <strong>da</strong> areia, 21<br />

congro, 23<br />

congro <strong>da</strong> areia, 23<br />

Conocara fiolenti, 27<br />

Conocara macroptera, 27<br />

Conocara murrayi, 27<br />

Cookeolus japonicus, 82<br />

copei, Xenodermichthys, 28<br />

coregonoides, Paralepis, 42<br />

coregonoides, Sudis, 42<br />

Coris gi<strong>of</strong>redi, 95, 96<br />

Coris julis, 95, 96<br />

Coris julis melanura, 95<br />

cornetfish, 127<br />

Cornidii, Belone, 67<br />

cornish blackfish, 110<br />

cornu<strong>da</strong>, 9<br />

cornue, Raie, 16, 17<br />

cornuta, Anoplogaster, 71<br />

Coryphaena, 158<br />

Coryphaena azorica, 85, 132<br />

Coryphaena equiselis, 85, 132<br />

Coryphaena equisetis, 85<br />

Coryphaena hippurus, 85<br />

Coryphaena pelagica, 85<br />

Coryphaena sp., 116, 189<br />

Coryphaeni<strong>da</strong>e, 85<br />

Coryphaenoides armatus, 57<br />

Coryphaenoides asperrimus, 58<br />

Coryphaenoides bairdii, 124<br />

215

---

Coryphaenoides carapinus, 56<br />

Coryphaenoides gigas, 57<br />

Coryphaenoides guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Coryphaenoides simulus, 55<br />

Coryphoblennius galerita, 99<br />

Cossyphus scr<strong>of</strong>a, 96<br />

costae, Epinephelus, 81<br />

costureira, 97<br />

Couch’s sea-bream, 92<br />

couesi, Cryptopsaras, 65<br />

crassiceps, Hymenocephalus, 55<br />

crassiceps, Poromitra, 69<br />

crassus, Centrolophus, 111<br />

Crenilabrus (Symphodus) mediterraneus, 97<br />

Crenilabrus caninus, 96<br />

Crenilabrus mediterraneus, 97<br />

crepi<strong>da</strong>ter, Centroscymnus, 11, 12, 13<br />

cretense, Sparisoma, 97<br />

cretense, Sparisoma (Euscarus), 97<br />

cretensis, Euscarus, 97<br />

cretensis, Scarus, 97<br />

cretensis, Sparisoma, 98<br />

cristatus, Zu, 52<br />

cristiceps, Melamphaes, 69<br />

cristulata echinata, Trachyscorpia, 78<br />

crocodilus, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

crocodilus, Lampanyctus (Lampanyctus), 48<br />

crocodilus, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 48<br />

cruentatus, Priancanthus, 132<br />

Cryptopsaras couesi, 65<br />

crysos, Caranx, 85<br />

Ctenolabrus rupestris, 147<br />

Cubiceps gracilis, 2, 111<br />

cuckoo wrasse, 96<br />

cuculus, Aspitrigla, 78, 127<br />

cuculus, Trigla, 78<br />

cuculus, Trigla (Aspitrigla), 78<br />

cultrata, Novacula, 97<br />

curvirostris, Nemichthys, 22<br />

cutaneus, Liosaccus, 115<br />

cutaneus, Sphoeroides, 115<br />

cutaneus, Tetrodon, 115<br />

cuvieri, Galeocerdo, 8<br />

cuvieri, Tetragonurus, 111, 130<br />

Cuvieri, Trachurus, 87<br />

cuvieri,Tetragonurus, 130<br />

Cyclopteri<strong>da</strong>e, 127<br />

Cyclothone acclinidens, 123<br />

Cyclothone alba, 29<br />

Cyclothone bathyphila, 30<br />

Cyclothone bathyphilum, 30<br />

216<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Cyclothone braueri, 29, 30<br />

Cyclothone elongata, 31<br />

Cyclothone grandis, 30<br />

Cyclothone livi<strong>da</strong>, 30<br />

Cyclothone microdon, 30<br />

Cyclothone microdon palli<strong>da</strong>, 30<br />

Cyclothone palli<strong>da</strong>, 30<br />

Cyclothone pseudoacclinidens, 123<br />

Cyclothone pseudopalli<strong>da</strong>, 30<br />

Cyclothone signata, 29<br />

Cyclothone signata alba, 29<br />

Cyclothone sp., 30, 143, 189, 190<br />

Cyema atrum, 121<br />

Cyemati<strong>da</strong>e, 121<br />

Cyematis atri, Leptocephalus, 121<br />

Cynoglossi<strong>da</strong>e, 113<br />

Cyphosus sectatrix, 94<br />

Cypselurus lineatus, 68<br />

Cypselurus pinnatibarbatus, 68<br />

Cypsilurus exsiliens, 68<br />

Cypsilurus lineatus, 68<br />

D<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctyloptera, Scorpaena, 76<br />

Dactylopteri<strong>da</strong>e, 75<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, Helicolenus, 75,<br />

76, 77<br />

Dactylopterus volitans, 75<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, Helicolenus, 76<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, 75,<br />

76, 77<br />

<strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, Sebastes, 76<br />

Daenia calceus, 14<br />

Dalathias licha, 12<br />

Dalatias licha, 12, 147<br />

Dalatii<strong>da</strong>e, 11<br />

<strong>da</strong>lwigki, Physiculus, 59<br />

<strong>da</strong>msel fish, 94<br />

<strong>da</strong>na viperfish, 35<br />

<strong>da</strong>nae, Chauliodus, 35<br />

<strong>da</strong>rkie charlie, 12<br />

Dasyati<strong>da</strong>e, 15, 120<br />

Dasyatis centroura, 120<br />

Dasyatis pastinaca, 15<br />

Dasyatis pastinacea, 15<br />

Dasyatis sp., 185<br />

Dasyatis violacea, 16<br />

deal fish, 51<br />

Deania calcea, 14<br />

Deania calceus, 14

---

Deania pr<strong>of</strong>undorum, 14<br />

Deania sp., 197<br />

Deania spp., 197<br />

deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus, Berix, 72<br />

deca<strong>da</strong>ctylus, Beryx, 72<br />

Decapterus macarellus, 85<br />

decimus, Radhines<strong>the</strong>s, 132<br />

deep water arrowtooth eel, 21<br />

deep-bodied, 73<br />

deepwater scorpionfish, 78<br />

delaisi delaisi, Tripterygion, 98<br />

delaisi, Tripterygion, 99<br />

delaisi, Tripterygion delaisi, 98<br />

Dentex dentex, 145, 202<br />

dentex, Caranx, 86<br />

dentex, Dentex, 145, 202<br />

dentex, Pseudocaranx, 86<br />

denu<strong>da</strong>tum, Gonostoma, 31<br />

derbio, 87<br />

Derichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, 22, 132<br />

Derichthys serpentinus, 22<br />

devil ray, 16<br />

diaphana, Sternoptyx, 33<br />

diaphanus, Stenoptyx, 33<br />

Diaphus brachycephalus, 45<br />

Diaphus dumerilii, 45<br />

Diaphus effulgens, 45<br />

Diaphus gemellarii, 49<br />

Diaphus holti, 45<br />

Diaphus metopoclampus, 45<br />

Diaphus mollis, 45<br />

Diaphus rafinesquei, 46<br />

Diaphus rafinesquii, 46<br />

Diaphus sp., 151, 189<br />

Diaphus spp., 147<br />

Diastodon speciosus, 96<br />

Dicentrachus labrax, 160<br />

Dicromita metriostoma, 53<br />

difficilis, Caligeria, 9<br />

dinema, Photonectes, 132<br />

Diodon hystrix, 116<br />

Diodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 116, 131<br />

Diogenichthys atlanticus, 46<br />

Diplecogaster bimaculata, 101, 102, 178<br />

Diplecogaster bimaculata pectoralis, 101, 102<br />

Diplecogaster sp., 203<br />

Diplodus cervinus, 91<br />

Diplodus sargus, 90, 91<br />

Diplodus sargus cadenati, 90, 91<br />

Diplodus spp., 147<br />

Diplodus trifasciatus, 91<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Diplodus vulgaris, 90, 91, 185<br />

Diplophos taenia, 30<br />

dipterygia macrophthalma, Molva, 62<br />

Diretmi<strong>da</strong>e, 71<br />

Diretmus argenteus, 71<br />

divertido, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51<br />

d<strong>of</strong>leini, Lobianchia, 49<br />

dogfish, 117<br />

doirado, 85<br />

Dollfusina rueppelli, 112<br />

Dolopichthys jubatus, 65<br />

Dolopichthys megacerus, 65<br />

dolphin, 85<br />

dory, 72<br />

dourado, 85<br />

draco, Chaenophryne, 64<br />

drummondi, Echiodon, 52<br />

dubius, Bathypterois, 38<br />

dubius, Bathypterois (Bathypterois), 39<br />

duckbill barracudina, 42<br />

ductor, Naucrates, 86<br />

dumerili dumerili, Seriola, 86<br />

dumerili, Seriola, 86, 87<br />

dumerili, Seriola dumerili, 86<br />

dumerilii, Diaphus, 45<br />

Dumerilii, Seriola, 86<br />

dusky grouper, 80<br />

dusky perch, 80<br />

E<br />

eagle ray, 17<br />

Echenei<strong>da</strong>e, 83<br />

Echeneis albescens, 84<br />

Echeneis brachypterus, 84<br />

Echeneis lineata, 84<br />

Echeneis naucrates, 83<br />

Echeneis remora, 84<br />

Echiichthys vipera, 98<br />

echinata, Trachyscorpia cristulata, 78<br />

Echinorhini<strong>da</strong>e, 118<br />

Echinorhinus brucus, 118<br />

Echiodon drummondi, 52<br />

Echiostoma barbatum, 132<br />

Echiostoma Richardi, 37, 189<br />

edentula, Einara, 28<br />

eel, 18<br />

effulgens, Diaphus, 45<br />

Einara edentula, 28<br />

eiró, 18<br />

217

---

Elagatis bipinnulata, 85<br />

electric ray, 14<br />

Electrona (Electrona) risso, 46<br />

Electrona risso, 46<br />

Electrona rissoi, 46<br />

elongata, Cyclothone, 31<br />

elongatum, Gonostoma, 31<br />

elongatus simonyi, Benthodesmus, 106<br />

elongatus, Benthodesmus, 106<br />

elongatus, Lampanyctus, 50<br />

elongatus, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 50<br />

elongatus, Radiicephalus, 51<br />

Elopiformes, 120<br />

emerald wrasse, 95<br />

encharéu, 86<br />

Enchelycore anatina, 19<br />

enchova, 83<br />

encrasicolus, Engraulis, 121<br />

Engaleus galeus, 8<br />

Engrauli<strong>da</strong>e, 121<br />

Engraulis encrasicolus, 121<br />

enguia, 18<br />

Entelurus aequoreus, 73<br />

Entulurus aequoraeus, 73<br />

Entulurus aequoreus, 73<br />

ephippiatus, Thorogobius, 103<br />

Epigoni<strong>da</strong>e, 83<br />

Epigonus spp., 147<br />

Epigonus telescopus, 83<br />

Epinephelus alexandrinus, 81<br />

Epinephelus costae, 81<br />

Epinephelus guasa, 80<br />

Epinephelus guaza, 80<br />

Epinephelus marginatus, 80<br />

eques, Lepidion, 58<br />

equiselis, Coryphaena, 85, 132<br />

equisetis, Coryphaena, 85<br />

erythrinus, Pagellus, 202<br />

erythrops, Meteoria, 53<br />

escamu<strong>da</strong>, 83<br />

eschrichtii, Oneirodes, 132<br />

escolar, 105<br />

escolarinho, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51<br />

escuro, 83<br />

Esox belone, 67<br />

espa<strong>da</strong>rte, 110<br />

espadim azul, 109<br />

espadim branco, 109<br />

Etmopterus princeps, 12<br />

Etmopterus pusillus, 12<br />

Etmopterus sp., 168<br />

218<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Etmopterus spinax, 13<br />

Etmopterus spp., 197<br />

eudorax, Auxis rochei, 107<br />

Eugaleus galeus, 8<br />

Eumicrotremus spinosus, 127, 128<br />

european anchovy, 121<br />

European finless, 21<br />

Eurypharyngi<strong>da</strong>e, 25<br />

Eurypharynx pelecanoides, 25<br />

Eurypharynx richardi, 25<br />

euryurus, Anarchias, 19<br />

Euscarus cretensis, 97<br />

Eustomias Bourreei, 36<br />

Eustomias furcifer, 35<br />

Eustomias macrurus, 35<br />

Eustomias obscurus, 36<br />

Euthynnus (Katsuwonus) pelamis, 107<br />

Euthynnus alletteratus, 150<br />

Euthynnus pelamis, 107<br />

Evermannella balbo, 43<br />

Evermannelli<strong>da</strong>e, 43<br />

evolans, Exocoetus, 68<br />

evolans, Halocypselus, 68<br />

Exocetus lineatus, 68<br />

Exocetus volitans, 68<br />

Exocoeti<strong>da</strong>e, 68<br />

Exocoetus evolans, 68<br />

Exocoetus furcatus, 189<br />

Exocoetus lineatus, 68<br />

Exocoetus obtusirostris, 68<br />

Exocoetus pinnatibarbatus, 68<br />

Exocoetus volitans, 68<br />

exsiliens, Cheilopogon, 68<br />

exsiliens, Cypsilurus, 68<br />

F<br />

faber, Zeus, 72<br />

facciola’s sorcerer, 23<br />

Facciolella oxyrhinchus, 24<br />

Facciolella oxyrhyncha, 23<br />

fallax, Trachurus, 161<br />

false boarfish, 73<br />

false cat shark, 7<br />

fangtooth moray, 19<br />

fasciola, Idiacanthus, 36<br />

feliceps, Galeichthys, 122<br />

feliceps, Trachysurus, 122<br />

ferox, Alepisaurus, 42, 43, 110, 123, 159<br />

ferox, Bathysaurus, 40

---

ferox, Odontaspis, 9<br />

ferox, Stomia, 38<br />

ferox, Stomias, 37<br />

ferox, Stomias boa, 37<br />

festivus, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

fiatola, Stromateus, 130<br />

filamentosus, Aulopus, 38<br />

fiolenti, Conocara, 27<br />

Fiolenti's smooth head, 27<br />

fissicornis, Hypleurochilus, 130<br />

Fistularia sp., 127<br />

Fistularii<strong>da</strong>e, 127<br />

Flagellostomias boureei, 36<br />

Flagellostomias Bouréei, 36<br />

flagellum, Saccopharynx, 25<br />

flavobrunneum, Lepidocybium, 105<br />

fluviatilis, Anguilla, 156<br />

flying fish, 68<br />

flying gurnard, 75<br />

Foetorepus phaeton, 102<br />

folião, 80, 83<br />

fork-beard, 61<br />

frigate mackerel, 106<br />

frogfish, 63<br />

frostfish, 106<br />

fucorum, Blennius, 130<br />

fullonica, Raja (Leucoraja), 14<br />

furcatus, Exocoetus, 189<br />

furcifer, Eustomias, 35<br />

fusca, Motella, 60<br />

fusca, Mycteroperca, 81<br />

fuscus, Serranus, 81<br />

fuscus, Syngnathus, 75<br />

G<br />

gadela, 58<br />

Gadella maraldi, 58<br />

Gadiculus argenteus argenteus, 61<br />

Gadi<strong>da</strong>e, 61<br />

Gadiformes, 54, 58, 59, 61, 124, 125<br />

Gadomus longifilis, 56<br />

Gadus, 61<br />

Gadus merluccius, 62<br />

Gadus sp., 61<br />

gaiado, 107<br />

Gaidropsarus granti, 59, 60<br />

Gaidropsarus guttatus, 60, 101<br />

Gaidropsarus maculatus, 60<br />

Gaidropsarus mauli, 191<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, 60<br />

Gaidropsarus n. sp., 60<br />

Gaidropsarus spp., 147<br />

Gaidropsarus tricirratus, 60<br />

Gaidropsarus vulgaris, 60<br />

gaio, 96<br />

galapagensis, Carcharhinus, 8<br />

Galapagos shark, 8<br />

Galeichthys feliceps, 122<br />

Galeocerdo cuvieri, 8<br />

Galeorhinus galeus, 8<br />

galerita, Blennius, 99<br />

galerita, Coryphoblennius, 99<br />

Galeus canis, 8<br />

Galeus galeus, 8<br />

Galeus glaucus, 9<br />

Galeus melastomus, 117<br />

galeus, Engaleus, 8<br />

galeus, Eugaleus, 8<br />

galeus, Galeorhinus, 8<br />

galeus, Galeus, 8<br />

galha à ré, 108<br />

galo branco, 72<br />

garfish, 66<br />

garoupa, 81<br />

garoupa do alto, 82<br />

garricki, Scymno<strong>da</strong>latias, 13<br />

Gasterosteiformes, 73, 75, 127<br />

Gastrostoma Bairdi, 25<br />

gata-lixa, 12<br />

gato, 12<br />

gattorugine, Blennius, 101<br />

gattorugine, Parablennius, 101<br />

gaussi, Lepidophanes, 49<br />

Gavialiceps hasta, 24<br />

gelatinosus, Aphyonus, 53<br />

gemellari, Myctophum (Diaphus), 49<br />

gemellarii, Diaphus, 49<br />

gemellarii, Lobianchia, 49<br />

Gemmellari, Myctophum (Diaphus), 189<br />

gemmifer, Astrones<strong>the</strong>s, 34<br />

gemmifer, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

gemmifer, Macrostoma, 48<br />

gemmifer, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 48<br />

Gempyli<strong>da</strong>e, 105<br />

Gempylus serpens, 105<br />

georgianus, Caranx, 161<br />

Germo alalonga, 108<br />

Germo alalunga, 108<br />

ghost shark, 7<br />

gigas, Argyropelecus, 31<br />

219

---

gigas, Coryphaenoides, 57<br />

gigas, Nematonurus, 57<br />

gi<strong>of</strong>redi, Coris, 95, 96<br />

giorna, Cephaloptera, 16<br />

glaciale, Benthosema, 44<br />

glacier lanterfish, 44<br />

gladiator, Leptostomias, 36<br />

gladius, Xiphias, 16, 110, 147<br />

glauca, Lichia, 87<br />

glauca, Prionace, 9, 16<br />

glaucus, Caesiomorus, 87<br />

glaucus, Carcharias, 9<br />

glaucus, Galeus, 9<br />

glaucus, Glyphis, 9<br />

glaucus, Trachinotus, 87<br />

glaucus, Trachynotus, 87<br />

glesne, Regalecus, 123<br />

globehead grenadier, 55<br />

globiceps, Cetonurus, 55<br />

globiceps, Hymenmocephalus, 55<br />

Glyphidodon luridus, 94<br />

Glyphis glaucus, 9<br />

Gobiesoci<strong>da</strong>e, 101, 102, 178<br />

Gobii<strong>da</strong>e, 103, 129, 147, 159, 160<br />

góbio <strong>da</strong> areia, 103<br />

Gobius (Gobius) niger, 103<br />

Gobius (Macrogobius) paganellus, 103<br />

Gobius lesuerii, 129<br />

Gobius lesueuri, 129<br />

Gobius Lesueuri, 129<br />

Gobius lota, 103<br />

Gobius maderensis, 103, 129<br />

Gobius niger, 103<br />

Gobius paganellus, 103, 129<br />

Gobius sp., 189<br />

Gonichthys barnesi, 46<br />

Gonichthys cocco, 46<br />

Gonichthys coccoi, 46<br />

Gonostoma bathyfilum, 30<br />

Gonostoma bathyphilum, 30<br />

Gonostoma denu<strong>da</strong>tum, 31<br />

Gonostoma elongatum, 31<br />

Gonostoma grande, 30<br />

Gonostoma grandis, 30<br />

Gonostoma polyphos, 31<br />

Gonostoma rho<strong>da</strong>denia, 31<br />

Gonostomati<strong>da</strong>e, 29, 123<br />

goraz, 91<br />

grabata, Taeniura, 16<br />

gracilis, Belone belone, 66, 126<br />

gracilis, Centriscus, 75<br />

220<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

gracilis, Cubiceps, 2, 111<br />

gracilis, Macroramphosus, 75<br />

grallator, Bathypterois, 39<br />

grallator, Bathypterois (Benthosaurus), 39<br />

grallator, Benthosaurus, 39<br />

grande, Gonostoma, 30<br />

grandis, Cyclothone, 30<br />

grandis, Gonostoma, 30<br />

grandis, Spectrunculus, 53<br />

Grant´s rockling, 59<br />

granti, Gaidropsarus, 59, 60<br />

Granti, Onus, 60<br />

granulosus, Centrophorus, 13<br />

grassi, Uropterygius, 19<br />

gray triggerfish, 113<br />

great devil fish, 16<br />

great lanternshark, 12<br />

greater amberjack, 86<br />

greater fork-beard, 60<br />

greater pipefish, 74<br />

Grenurus hirundo, 58<br />

grey triggerfish, 113<br />

greyae, Bathylagus, 26<br />

Grimaldichthys squamosus, 52<br />

grimaldii, Conchognatus, 21<br />

grimaldii, Opisthoproctus, 26<br />

grimaldii, Simenchelys, 21<br />

grisea, Muraena, 20<br />

griseum, Scillium, 8<br />

griseus, Hexanchus, 11<br />

groenlandicus, Himantolophus, 64<br />

guasa, Epinephelus, 80<br />

guaza, Epinephelus, 80<br />

guelly jack, 86<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Chalinura, 56<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Coryphaenoides, 56<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Lepidion, 59<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Lepidophanes, 49<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Macruroplus, 56<br />

guen<strong>the</strong>ri, Setarches, 78<br />

guernei, Photostomias, 37<br />

Guernei, Photostomias, 37<br />

Guerni, Phostomias, 37<br />

guerni, Photostomis, 37<br />

Guinean pufferfish, 115<br />

gulper eel, 25<br />

gulper shark, 13<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, Haloporphyrus, 59<br />

Gun<strong>the</strong>ri, Macrurus, 56<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, Macrurus, 56<br />

Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, Macrurus (Coelorhynchus), 56

---

Gün<strong>the</strong>r's grenadier, 56<br />

guttatus, Gaidropsarus, 60, 101<br />

guttatus, Lampris, 51<br />

guttatus, Onus, 60<br />

guttulatus guttulatus, Hippocampus, 74<br />

guttulatus, Hippocampus guttulatus, 74<br />

Gymnothorax afer, 121<br />

Gymnothorax maderensis, 160<br />

Gymnothorax miliaris, 121<br />

Gymnothorax sp., 20<br />

Gymnothorax unicolor, 19, 20<br />

H<br />

Halocypselus evolans, 68<br />

Haloporphyrus Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, 59<br />

halosaur, 17, 18<br />

Halosauri<strong>da</strong>e, 17<br />

Halosauropsis macrochir, 17<br />

Halosauropsis phalacrus, 17<br />

Halosaurus (Halosaurus) owenii, 18<br />

Halosaurus johnsonianus, 18<br />

Halosaurus macrochir, 17<br />

Halosaurus ovenii, 18<br />

Halosaurus owenii, 18<br />

Halosaurus phalacrus, 17<br />

Halossauri<strong>da</strong>e, 182<br />

hasta, Gavialiceps, 24<br />

hasta, Paraserrivomer, 24<br />

hatchetfish, 31, 32, 33<br />

hebetans, Torpedo, 14<br />

helena, Muraena, 20<br />

helena, Murena, 20<br />

helena, Murenophis, 20<br />

helgae, Neocyttus, 73<br />

Heliases chromis, 94<br />

Heliases marginatus, 94<br />

Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, 76<br />

Helicolenus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, 75, 76,<br />

77<br />

Helicolenus madurensis, 76, 77<br />

hemigymnus, Argyropelecus, 32<br />

Hemirhombus aramaca, 112, 131<br />

Heptanchus cinereus, 11<br />

Heptranchias perlo, 11<br />

Herwigia kreffti, 28<br />

heterolepis, Scombrolabrax, 104<br />

Hexanchi<strong>da</strong>e, 11<br />

Hexanchiformes, 11<br />

Hexanchus griseus, 11<br />

Himantolophi<strong>da</strong>e, 64<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Himantolophus brevirostris, 64<br />

Himantolophus groenlandicus, 64<br />

Hippocampus brevirostris, 74<br />

Hippocampus guttulatus guttulatus, 74<br />

Hippocampus hippocampus, 74<br />

Hippocampus ramulosus, 74<br />

Hippocampus sp., 146<br />

hippocampus, Hippocampus, 74<br />

hippos, Caranx, 160, 161<br />

hippurus, Coryphaena, 85<br />

hirundo, Grenurus, 58<br />

hirundo, Macruroplus, 58<br />

hirundo, Macrurus, 58<br />

hirundo, Macrurus (Coelorhynchus), 58<br />

hirundo, Nezumia, 58<br />

hirundo, Sphagemacrurus, 58<br />

hispidus, Stephanolepis, 114<br />

Histiobranchus bathybius, 21<br />

Histiobranchus infernalis, 21<br />

Histrio histrio, 63<br />

histrio, Antennarius, 63<br />

histrio, Histrio, 63<br />

holboelli, Ceratias, 125<br />

holbölli, Ceratias, 126<br />

Holcomycteronus squamosus, 52<br />

hollow-snout rat-tail, 55<br />

Holtbyrnia macrops, 132<br />

holti, Diaphus, 45<br />

Hoplostethus atlanticum, 71<br />

Hoplostethus atlanticus, 71<br />

Hoplostethus mediterraneum, 71<br />

Hoplostethus mediterraneus, 71<br />

Hoplostethus sp., 147<br />

Howella, 79<br />

Howella brodiei, 79<br />

Howella brodiei atlantica, 79<br />

Howella brodiei atlantica, 79<br />

Howella brodiei brodiei, 79<br />

Howella sherborni, 79<br />

Howelli<strong>da</strong>e, 79<br />

humboldti, Myctophum, 51<br />

Humboldti, Myctophum (Myctophum), 51<br />

humboldti, Scopelus, 51<br />

Humboldti, Scopelus, 51<br />

hyalina, Sudis, 42<br />

Hydrolagus mirabilis, 7<br />

Hydrolagus pallidus, 7<br />

hygomi, Myctophum, 47<br />

hygomi, Myctophum (Myctophum) benoiti, 47<br />

hygomii, Hygophum, 47<br />

Hygomii, Scopelus, 47<br />

221

---

Hygophum benoiti, 47<br />

Hygophum hygomii, 47<br />

Hygophum reinhardtii, 47<br />

Hygophum taaningi, 47<br />

Hymenocephalus crassiceps, 55<br />

Hymenocephalus globiceps, 55<br />

Hymenocephalus italicus, 56<br />

Hymenocephalus sp., 202<br />

Hyperoglyphe perciformis, 110<br />

Hypleurochilus fissicornis, 130<br />

Hypleurochilus sp., 130<br />

hystrix, Diodon, 116<br />

Ichthyococcus ovatus, 33<br />

Idiacanthus fasciola, 36<br />

Ilyophis blachei, 20<br />

Ilyophis brunneus, 132<br />

imberbe, Amia, 83<br />

imberbis, Apogon (Apogon), 83<br />

imberbis, Carapus, 124<br />

imperador, 72<br />

imperial blackfish, 110<br />

imperialis, Arnoglossus, 131<br />

imperialis, Luvaris, 104<br />

imperialis, Luvarus, 104<br />

imperialis, Scorpaena, 76<br />

imperialis, Sebastes, 76<br />

inaequalis, Blennius, 100<br />

incisor, Kyphosus, 93<br />

incognitus, Apletodon, 161<br />

incognitus, Blennius, 100<br />

incognitus, Parablennius, 100<br />

indicus, Aceratias, 65<br />

indicus, Aceratias macrorhinus, 65<br />

indicus, Bolinichthys, 44<br />

infans, Avocettina, 22, 24<br />

infans, Benthalbella, 39<br />

infans, Nemichthys, 22, 24<br />

infernalis, Histiobranchus, 21<br />

infernalis, Synaphobranchus, 21<br />

ingolfianus, Nessorhamphus, 132<br />

insidiator, Smaris, 93<br />

intermedius, Aphanopus, 173<br />

interrupta, Loweina, 49<br />

intricarius, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

Ipnopi<strong>da</strong>e, 38<br />

írio, 86, 87<br />

írio de serra, 85<br />

222<br />

I<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

iró, 18<br />

Istiophorus albicans, 129<br />

Istiophorus platypterus, 129<br />

Isurus oxyrinchus, 10, 11<br />

Italian grenadier, 56<br />

italicus, Hymenocephalus, 56<br />

italicus, Macrurus, 56<br />

italicus, Macrurus (Hymenocephalus), 56<br />

jamanta, 16<br />

japonicus, Coelorhynchus, 56<br />

japonicus, Cookeolus, 82<br />

japonicus, Macrurus, 56<br />

japonicus, Scomber, 107<br />

japonicus, Scomber (Pneumatophorus), 107<br />

jayakari, Lestidiops, 41<br />

jaykari pseudophyraenoides, Lestidiops, 41<br />

jimanta, 16<br />

joana, 103<br />

joaninha, 51<br />

John dory, 72<br />

Johnson’s scabbardfish, 105<br />

johnsoni, Melanocetus, 64<br />

johnsonianus, Halosaurus, 18<br />

jor<strong>da</strong>ni, Caulophryne, 63, 64<br />

jordão, 83<br />

jubatus, Dolopichthys, 65<br />

judeu, 106<br />

juliana, 59, 60<br />

juliana pequena, 59<br />

Julis azorensis, 95<br />

Julis julis, 95<br />

julis melanura, Coris, 95<br />

Julis pavo, 97<br />

Julis speciosa, 95<br />

julis, Coris, 95, 96<br />

julis, Julis, 95<br />

J<br />

K<br />

Katsuwonus pelamis, 107<br />

Kaup´s arrowtooth eel, 21<br />

kaupi, Synaphobranchus, 21<br />

keeltail needlefish, 67<br />

king <strong>of</strong> herrings, 124<br />

kitefin shark, 12<br />

kite-fin shark, 13<br />

Koefoed’s smooth-head, 27

---

koefoedi, Bellocia, 27<br />

koefoedi, Searsia, 29<br />

Koefoed's searsid, 29<br />

kreffti, Herwigia, 28<br />

Krefft's smooth-head, 28<br />

kroeyerii, Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus), 50<br />

Krohnius sp., 189<br />

krøyeri, Paralepis rissoi, 41<br />

kuhli, Pontinus, 76<br />

kuhlii, Pontinus, 76<br />

Kuhlii, Sebastes, 76<br />

kullenbergi, Sciadonus, 54<br />

Kyphosi<strong>da</strong>e, 93<br />

Kyphosus incisor, 93<br />

Kyphosus sectator, 93<br />

Kyphosus sectatrix, 94<br />

Kyphosus sp., 191<br />

L<br />

labeo, Mugil, 66<br />

labeo, Oe<strong>da</strong>lechilus, 66<br />

labiatus, Coelorhinchus, 56<br />

labiatus, Coelorhynchus, 55<br />

labrax, Dicentrachus, 160<br />

Labri<strong>da</strong>e, 95<br />

labrosus, Chelon, 65<br />

labrosus, Chelon (Crenimugil), 65<br />

Labrus berggylta, 96<br />

Labrus bergylta, 96<br />

Labrus bimaculatus, 96<br />

Labrus livens, 95<br />

Labrus maculatus, 96<br />

Labrus merula, 95<br />

Labrus mixtus, 96<br />

Labrus viridis, 160, 185<br />

lactea, Symphurus, 113<br />

lacteus, Symphurus, 113<br />

Lactophrys notacanthus, 114<br />

Lactophrys tricornis, 114<br />

Laemonema latifrons, 125<br />

laevis, Malacocephalus, 57<br />

laevis, Mustelus, 117<br />

laevis, Ranzania, 116<br />

laevis, Scorpaena, 76<br />

lagarto <strong>da</strong> costa, 41<br />

lagarto do alto, 38<br />

Lagocephalus lagocephalus, 115<br />

lagocephalus, Lagocephalus, 115<br />

lagocephalus, Tetrodon, 115<br />

lambaz, 95<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

lamia, Carcharias, 8<br />

Lamna nasus, 11<br />

Lamna oxyrinchus, 10<br />

Lamna spalanzanii, 10<br />

Lamna spallanzanii, 10<br />

Lamni<strong>da</strong>e, 10<br />

Lamniformes, 9, 10, 118<br />

Lampadena anomala, 47<br />

Lampadena chavesi, 47<br />

Lampadena sp., 147<br />

Lampadena speculigera, 48<br />

Lampanyctus (Lampanyctus) crocodilus, 48<br />

Lampanyctus ater, 48<br />

Lampanyctus crocodilus, 48<br />

Lampanyctus elongatus, 50<br />

Lampanyctus festivus, 48<br />

Lampanyctus gemmifer, 48<br />

Lampanyctus intricarius, 48<br />

Lampanyctus maderensis, 44<br />

Lampanyctus photonotus, 48<br />

Lampanyctus pusillus, 48<br />

Lampanyctus resplendes, 50<br />

Lampanyctus sp., 147, 189<br />

Lampridi<strong>da</strong>e, 51<br />

Lampridiformes, 51, 123<br />

Lampris guttatus, 51<br />

Lampris regius, 51<br />

lanceolata, Mola, 116<br />

lanceolatoides, Serrivomer, 24<br />

lanceolatus, Masturus, 116<br />

lancetfish, 44, 123<br />

lanternfish, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 159<br />

lastovitza, Trigla, 79<br />

lastoviza, Chelidonichthys (Trigloporus), 79<br />

lastoviza, Trigla (Trigloporus), 79<br />

lastoviza, Trigloporus, 79<br />

latedorsalis, Pseudophichthys, 23<br />

laterodorsalis, Promyllantor, 23<br />

laticeps, Cataetyx, 53<br />

latifrons, Laemonema, 125<br />

leafscale gulper shark, 13<br />

Leiobatus aquila, 17<br />

Leiogaster atlanticus spinulosus, 71<br />

leopard-spotted goby, 103<br />

Lepadogaster bimacula, 102<br />

Lepadogaster bimaculata, 102<br />

Lepidion eques, 58<br />

Lepidion guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 59<br />

Lepidion schmidti, 125<br />

lepidion, Aloporphyrus, 59<br />

lepidion, Lota, 59<br />

223

---

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, 105<br />

Lepidophanes gaussi, 49<br />

Lepidophanes guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 49<br />

Lepidophanes pyrsobolus, 44<br />

Lepidopus argenteus, 106<br />

Lepidopus cau<strong>da</strong>tus, 45, 106<br />

Lepidopus lusitanicus, 106<br />

Lepidorhinus squamosus, 13<br />

Lepidorhombus megastoma, 113<br />

Lepidorhombus whiff-iagonis, 113<br />

Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis, 113<br />

lepidus, Scopelosaurus, 40<br />

Leptocephalus Anguillae vulgaris, 19<br />

Leptocephalus congrimuraena balearicae, 23<br />

Leptocephalus Cyematis atri, 121<br />

Leptocephalus peudo-latissimus, 25<br />

Leptocephalus Synaphobranchi pinnati, 21<br />

Leptocephalus urosema, 24<br />

Leptoderma lubricum, 123<br />

Leptoderma sp., 122<br />

leptolepis, Chalinura, 55<br />

Leptostomias gladiator, 36<br />

Leptostomias ramosus, 36<br />

lesser spotted dogfish, 117<br />

lesser weever, 98<br />

Lestidiops affinis, 41<br />

Lestidiops jayakari, 41<br />

Lestidiops jaykari pseudophyraenoides, 41<br />

Lestidiops sphyrenoides, 41<br />

Lestidium pseudophyraenoides<br />

pseudophyraenoides, 41<br />

Lestidium sphyraenoides, 42<br />

lesuerii, Gobius, 129<br />

Lesueur’s goby, 129<br />

lesueuri, Gobius, 129<br />

Lesueuri, Gobius, 129<br />

Lesueurigobius suerii, 129<br />

leucas, Carcharhinus, 118<br />

Leucobrotula adipata, 54<br />

Leucobrotula adipatus, 54<br />

Leucochlamys sp., 54, 176<br />

lewini, Sphyrna, 132<br />

licha, Dalathias, 12<br />

licha, Dalatias, 12, 147<br />

licha, Scyliorhinus, 12<br />

licha, Scymnorhinus, 12<br />

Lichia amia, 86<br />

Lichia glauca, 87<br />

lichia, Scymnorhinus, 12<br />

lightfish, 33, 34<br />

limbata, Chromis, 94<br />

224<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

limbatus, Chromis, 94<br />

limbatus, Chromis chromis, 94<br />

lineata, Echeneis, 84<br />

lineata, Trigla, 79<br />

lineatus, Cantharus, 90<br />

lineatus, Cypselurus, 68<br />

lineatus, Cypsilurus, 68<br />

lineatus, Exocetus, 68<br />

lineatus, Exocoetus, 68<br />

lineatus, Ph<strong>the</strong>irichthys, 84<br />

Linophryni<strong>da</strong>e, 65<br />

Lionurus carapinus, 56<br />

Liosaccus cutaneus, 115<br />

Lipactis tumidus, 189<br />

Lipophrys pholis, 99<br />

Lipophrys trigloides, 100<br />

lírio, 86, 87<br />

Lirus Bennetti, 111<br />

Lirus medusophagus, 110<br />

Lirus ovalis, 111<br />

Lirus perciformes, 110<br />

Lisa saliens, 66<br />

livens, Labrus, 95<br />

livi<strong>da</strong>, Cyclothone, 30<br />

lixa de escama, 13<br />

lixinha <strong>da</strong> fundura, 12, 13<br />

Liza aurata, 65, 66<br />

Lobianchia d<strong>of</strong>leini, 49<br />

Lobianchia gemellarii, 49<br />

lobisomem, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51<br />

lobotes, 89<br />

Lobotes surinamensis, 89<br />

Loboti<strong>da</strong>e, 89<br />

longbill spearfish, 109<br />

longfin cigarfish, 111<br />

longfin smooth-head, 27<br />

long-fin tunny, 108<br />

long-finned bream, 89<br />

longiceps, Chaenophryne, 65<br />

longidens, Caulolepis, 71<br />

longifilis, Bathygadus, 56<br />

longifilis, Gadomus, 56<br />

longimanus, Carcharhinus, 8<br />

longipes, Bathypterois, 39<br />

longipes, Bathypterois (Bathycygnus), 39<br />

longipinnis, Taractichthys, 88, 89<br />

longivelis, Melamphaes, 126<br />

longnose lancetfish, 44<br />

longnose velvet dogfish, 11, 12, 13<br />

long-nosed skate, 119<br />

longspine snipefish, 75

---

loosejaw, 34, 36, 37<br />

Lophii<strong>da</strong>e, 62<br />

Lophiiformes, 62, 63, 64, 65, 125<br />

Lophius piscatorius, 62, 198<br />

Lophius vaillanti, 62<br />

lophotes, Arnoglossus, 131<br />

loricata, Rondeletia, 70<br />

Lota lepidion, 59<br />

lota, Gobius, 103<br />

louvar, 104<br />

lovii, Platybelone argulus, 67<br />

Lowe’s beryx, 72<br />

lowei, Omosudis, 43<br />

Loweina interrupta, 49<br />

Loweina rara, 49<br />

lowii, Omosudis, 43<br />

lubricum, Leptoderma, 123<br />

lucetia, Vinciguerria, 33, 34<br />

lucetius, Maurolicus, 33, 34<br />

lugubris, Caranx, 160<br />

luridus, Abudefduf, 94<br />

luridus, Glyphidodon, 94<br />

lusitanian cownose ray, 120<br />

lusitanicus, Lepidopus, 106<br />

lutkeni, Acanthochaenus, 70<br />

Luvari<strong>da</strong>e, 104<br />

Luvaris imperialis, 104<br />

Luvarus imperialis, 104<br />

Lycodontis afer, 121<br />

Lycodontis anatinus, 19<br />

Lycodontis unicolior, 20<br />

Lycodontis unicolor, 20<br />

Lynophryne arborifera, 65<br />

Lynophryne brevibarbata, 65<br />

lyra, Callionymus, 128, 129<br />

lyra, Trigla, 127<br />

M<br />

macarellus, Decapterus, 85<br />

Macdonaldia rostrata, 18<br />

mackerel scad, 85<br />

Macristium chavesi, 40<br />

Macristum chavesi, 40<br />

macrochir, Aldrovandia, 17<br />

macrochir, Halosauropsis, 17<br />

macrochir, Halosaurus, 17<br />

macrochir, Myctophum, 47<br />

macrochira, Aldrovandia, 17<br />

macronema, Oneirodes, 132<br />

Macroparalepis affinis, 42<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

macrophthalma, Molva, 62<br />

macrophthalma, Molva, 62<br />

macrophthalma, Molva dipterygia, 62<br />

macrops, Conger, 23<br />

macrops, Holtbyrnia, 132<br />

macrops, Paraconger, 23<br />

macroptera, Conocara, 27<br />

Macroramphosi<strong>da</strong>e, 75<br />

Macroramphosus gracilis, 75<br />

Macroramphosus scolopax, 75<br />

Macrorhamphosus sp., 147<br />

macrorhinus indicus, Aceratias, 65<br />

Macrostoma gemmifer, 48<br />

Macrouri<strong>da</strong>e, 54, 124, 182, 189, 197<br />

Macruroplus guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Macruroplus hirundo, 58<br />

Macruroplus sclerorhynchus, 57<br />

Macruroplus serratus, 57<br />

Macrurus (Coelorhynchus) aequalis, 57<br />

Macrurus (Coelorhynchus) Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Macrurus (Coelorhynchus) hirundo, 58<br />

Macrurus (Coelorhynchus) sclerorhynchus, 57<br />

Macrurus (Coelorhynchus) talismani, 56<br />

Macrurus (Coryphaenoides) asperrimus, 58<br />

Macrurus (Hymenocephalus) italicus, 56<br />

Macrurus aequalis, 57<br />

Macrurus bairdii, 124<br />

Macrurus coelorhynchus, 55<br />

Macrurus Gun<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Macrurus Gün<strong>the</strong>ri, 56<br />

Macrurus hirundo, 58<br />

Macrurus italicus, 56<br />

Macrurus japonicus, 56<br />

Macrurus sclerorhynchus, 57<br />

Macrurus serratus, 57<br />

Macrurus sp., 144<br />

macrurus, Eustomias, 35<br />

maculata, Motella, 60<br />

maculatus, Canthidermis, 113<br />

maculatus, Gaidropsarus, 60<br />

maculatus, Labrus, 96<br />

maculatus, Nerophis, 74<br />

maculatus, Psenes, 111<br />

macullata, Motella, 60<br />

Madeira catshark, 117<br />

Madeira rockfish, 77<br />

maderense, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 44<br />

maderenses, Raia, 15<br />

maderensi, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 44<br />

maderensis, Apristurus, 117<br />

maderensis, Bothus po<strong>da</strong>s, 112<br />

225

---

maderensis, Ceratoscopelus, 44<br />

maderensis, Clupea, 122<br />

maderensis, Gobius, 103, 129<br />

maderensis, Gymnothorax, 160<br />

maderensis, Lampanyctus, 44<br />

maderensis, Mauligobius, 129<br />

maderensis, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 44<br />

maderensis, Raia, 15<br />

maderensis, Raja (Raja), 15<br />

maderensis, Rouleina, 132<br />

maderensis, Sardinella, 122<br />

maderensis, Scopelus, 44<br />

maderensis, Scorpaena, 76, 77, 78<br />

maderensis, Sebastes, 77<br />

madurensis, Helicolenus, 76, 77<br />

madurensis, Sebastes, 76, 77<br />

Makaira nigricans, 109<br />

mako, 10<br />

Malacocephalus laevis, 57<br />

Malacosteus choristo<strong>da</strong>ctylus, 36<br />

Malacosteus niger, 36<br />

malleus, Zygaena, 9<br />

mamôna, 7<br />

mancus, Bothus, 112<br />

mancus, Platophrys, 112<br />

mancus, Rhomboidichthys, 112<br />

manta, 16<br />

Manta birostris, 16<br />

mantasucker, 84<br />

maracoto, 95<br />

maraldi, Gadella, 58<br />

Maraldi, Uraleptus, 58<br />

margarita, Photonectes, 37<br />

marginata, Rhinoptera, 120<br />

marginatus, Epinephelus, 80<br />

marginatus, Heliases, 94<br />

Margrethia obtusirostra, 31<br />

marlin-spike, 124<br />

marlinsucker, 84<br />

marmoratus, Sphoeroides, 115<br />

marmoratus, Tetraodon, 115<br />

maroma, 16<br />

marracho, 8, 10, 11<br />

Masturus lanceolatus, 116<br />

mauli, Gaidropsarus, 191<br />

Mauligobius maderensis, 129<br />

Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus, 32<br />

Maurolicus amethystino-punctatus, 32<br />

Maurolicus lucetius, 33, 34<br />

Maurolicus muelleri, 32<br />

Maurolicus pennanti, 32<br />

226<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

maximus, Cetorhinus, 10<br />

mediterranea, Chalinura, 55<br />

mediterranea, Phycis, 61<br />

Mediterranean flagfin, 38<br />

Mediterranean grenadier, 55<br />

Mediterranean moray, 20<br />

mediterraneum, Hoplostethus, 71<br />

mediterraneus, Crenilabrus, 97<br />

mediterraneus, Crenilabrus (Synphodus), 97<br />

mediterraneus, Gaidropsarus, 60<br />

mediterraneus, Hoplostethus, 71<br />

mediterraneus, Phycis, 61<br />

mediterraneus, Symphodus (Crenilabrus), 97<br />

medusophagus, Lirus, 110<br />

medusophagus, Schedophilus, 110<br />

megacerus, Dolopichthys, 65<br />

Megalopi<strong>da</strong>e, 120<br />

megalops, Bajacalifornia, 27<br />

megalops, Melamphaes, 70<br />

megalops, Plectromus, 70<br />

megalops, Poromitra, 69<br />

megastoma, Lepidorhombus, 113<br />

megastoma, Pleuronectes, 113<br />

megrim, 113<br />

mekistonema, Talismania, 28<br />

Melamphaes cristiceps, 69<br />

Melamphaes longivelis, 126<br />

Melamphaes megalops, 70<br />

Melamphaes microps, 126<br />

Melamphaes mizolepis, 70<br />

Melamphaes nigrescens, 70<br />

Melamphaes nigriceps, 69<br />

Melamphaes nigr<strong>of</strong>ulvus, 69<br />

Melamphaes opercularis, 70<br />

Melamphaes robustus, 70<br />

Melamphaës rubriventer, 127<br />

Melamphaes simus, 69<br />

Melamphaes sp., 189<br />

Melamphaes suborbitalis, 69<br />

Melamphaes triceratops, 69<br />

Melamphaes typhlops, 69<br />

Melamphai<strong>da</strong>e, 69, 126<br />

melanobranchus, Bathygadus, 54, 55<br />

Melanoceti<strong>da</strong>e, 64<br />

Melanocetus johnsoni, 64<br />

Melanocetus sp., 189<br />

melano<strong>da</strong>ctylus, Chaenophryne, 64<br />

Melanoni<strong>da</strong>e, 59<br />

Melanonus unipennis, 59<br />

Melanonus zugmayeri, 59<br />

Melanostomias bartonbeani, 36

---

Melanostomias Braueri, 37<br />

Melanostomias ramosus, 36<br />

Melanostomias spilorhynchus, 37<br />

Melanostomias valdiviae, 37<br />

melanura, Coris julis, 95<br />

melanura, Nettastoma, 24<br />

melanurum, Nettastoma, 24<br />

melanurum, Tripterygion, 99<br />

melanurum, Tripterygium, 98<br />

melanurus, Tripterygion, 99<br />

melastomus, Galeus, 117<br />

melga, 59, 60<br />

melops, Symphodus (Crenilabrus), 95<br />

Merluccius merluccius, 60, 62, 168<br />

merluccius, Gadus, 62<br />

merluccius, Merluccius, 60, 62, 168<br />

mero, 80<br />

merula, Labrus, 95<br />

metallicus, Bathophilus, 35<br />

Meteoria erythrops, 53<br />

metopoclampus, Diaphus, 45<br />

metopoclampus, Myctophum (Diaphus), 45<br />

metriostoma, Dicromita, 53<br />

metriostoma, Monomitopus, 53<br />

metriostoma, Sirembo, 53<br />

microcellata, Raja, 119<br />

microdon palli<strong>da</strong>, Cyclothone, 30<br />

microdon, Cyclothone, 30<br />

microdon, Pseudotriacis, 8<br />

microdon, Pseudotriakis, 7<br />

microlepis, Bathytroctes, 27<br />

Micromesistius poutassou, 62<br />

microocellata, Raja (Raja), 119<br />

micropogon, Astrones<strong>the</strong>s, 34<br />

microps, Melamphaes, 126<br />

Microstoma microstoma, 26<br />

microstoma, Microstoma, 26<br />

Microstomati<strong>da</strong>e, 25<br />

micrurum, Syacium, 112, 131<br />

miliaris, Gymnothorax, 121<br />

minimus, Taaningichthys, 132<br />

mirabilis, Hydrolagus, 7<br />

miriceps, Trigonolampa, 38<br />

mixtus, Labrus, 96<br />

mizolepis mizolepis, Scopelogadus, 70<br />

mizolepis, Melamphaes, 70<br />

mizolepis, Scopelogadus mizolepis, 70<br />

Mobula mobular, 16<br />

mobular, Mobula, 16<br />

mobular, Raie, 16<br />

Mola lanceolata, 116<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Mola mola, 116<br />

Mola rotun<strong>da</strong>, 116<br />

mola, Mola, 116<br />

mola, Orthagoriscus, 116<br />

mola, Osthagoriscus, 116<br />

mola, Tetraodon, 116<br />

Moli<strong>da</strong>e, 116<br />

mollis, Bathysaurus, 40<br />

mollis, Bathytroctes, 28<br />

mollis, Diaphus, 45<br />

mollis, Talismania, 28<br />

Molva dipterygia macrophthalma, 62<br />

Molva macrophthalma, 62<br />

Molva molva, 62<br />

molva, Molva, 62<br />

Monacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, 114<br />

monkfish, 62<br />

monocerus, Aluterus, 114<br />

Monomitopus metriostoma, 53<br />

monstrosa, Chimaera, 7<br />

Montagu’s blenny, 99<br />

moonfish, 51<br />

Mora moro, 59, 61<br />

moray eel, 20<br />

moreão, 19, 20, 21<br />

moreia, 20<br />

moreia castanha, 19<br />

moreia pinta<strong>da</strong>, 20<br />

moreia preta, 20<br />

moreia víbora, 19<br />

morid cod, 58, 59<br />

Mori<strong>da</strong>e, 58, 61, 125<br />

moro, Mora, 59, 61<br />

Moroni<strong>da</strong>e, 79<br />

Motella, 61<br />

Motella fusca, 60<br />

Motella maculata, 60<br />

Motella macullata, 60<br />

Motella tricirrata, 60, 61<br />

Motella vulgaris, 61<br />

muelleri, Maurolicus, 32<br />

mugem, 65<br />

Mugil auratus, 65, 66<br />

Mugil capito, 65<br />

Mugil cephalus, 65<br />

Mugil chelo, 65<br />

Mugil labeo, 66<br />

Mugil provensalis, 66<br />

Mugil sp., 66<br />

Mugili<strong>da</strong>e, 65<br />

Mugiliformes, 65<br />

227

---

muja, 65<br />

Mulli<strong>da</strong>e, 93<br />

Mullus barbatus, 93<br />

Mullus spp., 93<br />

Mullus surmuletus, 93<br />

multipore searsid, 29<br />

Mupos perciformis, 110<br />

Mupus ovalis, 111<br />

Muraena anatina, 19<br />

Muraena anguilla, 19<br />

Muraena augusti, 20<br />

Muraena conger, 23<br />

Muraena grisea, 20<br />

Muraena helena, 20<br />

Muraena unicolor, 20<br />

Muraena unicolore, 20<br />

Muraeni<strong>da</strong>e, 19, 121<br />

Murena anatina, 19<br />

Murena augusti, 20<br />

Murena helena, 20<br />

Murena unicolor, 20<br />

Murenophis helena, 20<br />

murrayi, Conocara, 27<br />

murrayi, Odontomacrurus, 58<br />

Murray's smooth-head, 27<br />

Mustelus laevis, 117<br />

Mustelus mustelus, 117<br />

mustelus, Mustelus, 117<br />

Mycteroperca fusca, 81<br />

Mycteroperca rubra, 81<br />

Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e, 44, 132<br />

Myctophi<strong>da</strong>e sp., 189<br />

Myctophiformes, 44<br />

Myctophinae, 143<br />

Myctophum (Diaphus) gemellari, 49<br />

Myctophum (Diaphus) Gemmellari, 189<br />

Myctophum (Diaphus) metopoclampus, 45<br />

Myctophum (Diaphus) rafinesquei, 46<br />

Myctophum (Lampadena) chavesi, 47<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) alatum, 49<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) crocodilus, 48<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) elongatus, 50<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) gemmifer, 48<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) maderense, 44<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) maderensi, 44<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) pusillus, 49<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) Benoiti, 47<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) benoiti hygomi, 47<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) coccoi, 46<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) Humboldti, 51<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) rissoi, 46<br />

228<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Myctophum (Myctophum) Rissoi, 46<br />

Myctophum (Rhinoscopelus) Coccoi, 46<br />

Myctophum benoiti, 47<br />

Myctophum cocco, 46<br />

Myctophum humboldti, 51<br />

Myctophum hygomi, 47<br />

Myctophum macrochir, 47<br />

Myctophum nitidulum, 49<br />

Myctophum punctatum, 50<br />

Myctophum risso, 46<br />

Myctophum rissoi, 46<br />

Myctophum simile, 44<br />

Myctophum sp., 159, 189<br />

Myctophum (Lampanyctus) maderensis, 44<br />

Myliobati<strong>da</strong>e, 16, 120<br />

Myliobatis aquila, 17, 120<br />

N<br />

Nanychthys simulans, 67<br />

nasus, Lamna, 11<br />

nasus, Tripterygium, 98<br />

nasutus, Nesiarchus, 105<br />

nasutus, Rinoctes, 123<br />

Nauclerus compressus, 86<br />

Naucrates ductor, 86<br />

naucrates, Echeneis, 83<br />

negrinho, 44<br />

Nematonurus armatus, 57<br />

Nematonurus gigas, 57<br />

Nemichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, 22<br />

Nemichthys curvirostris, 22<br />

Nemichthys infans, 22, 24<br />

Nemichthys scolopacea, 22<br />

Nemichthys scolopaceus, 22<br />

neocaledoniensis, Serrivomer, 24<br />

Neocyttus helgae, 73<br />

Neolotus tripes, 173<br />

neopogon, Astrones<strong>the</strong>s, 34<br />

Neostoma bathyphilum, 30<br />

Neostoma quadrioculatum, 30<br />

Neothunnus albacora, 108<br />

Nerophis aequoreus, 73<br />

Nerophis maculatus, 74<br />

Nerophis papacinus, 74<br />

Nesiarchus nasutus, 105<br />

Nessorhamphus ingolfianus, 132<br />

Nettastoma melanura, 24<br />

Nettastoma melanurum, 24<br />

Nettastomati<strong>da</strong>e, 23

---

Nezumia aequalis, 57<br />

Nezumia bairdii, 124<br />

Nezumia hirundo, 58<br />

Nezumia sclerorhynchus, 57<br />

niger, Astrones<strong>the</strong>s, 34<br />

niger, Centrolophus, 110<br />

niger, Chiasmodon, 98<br />

niger, Chiasmodus, 98<br />

niger, Gobius, 103<br />

niger, Gobius (Gobius), 103<br />

niger, Malacosteus, 36<br />

niger, Spinax, 13<br />

nigerrimus, Bathophilus, 35<br />

nigrescens, Melamphaes, 70<br />

nigrescens, Symphurus, 113<br />

nigricans, Bathylaco, 27<br />

nigricans, Makaira, 109<br />

nigriceps, Melamphaes, 69<br />

nigriceps, Poromitrella, 69<br />

nigr<strong>of</strong>ulvus, Melamphaes, 69<br />

nimbaria, Vinciguerria, 34<br />

nitidulum, Myctophum, 49<br />

nobiliana, Torpedo, 14<br />

nobiliana, Torpedo (Tetronarce), 14<br />

nobilis, Polymixia, 52<br />

Nomei<strong>da</strong>e, 111<br />

Normichthys operosus, 29<br />

nor<strong>the</strong>rn cutthroat eel, 21<br />

Notacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, 18<br />

notacanthus, Acanthostracion, 114<br />

notacanthus, Lactophrys, 114<br />

notata, Scorpaena, 77, 78<br />

Notolepis rissoi, 41<br />

Notolychnus valdiviae, 50<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) caudispinosus, 50<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) kroeyerii, 50<br />

Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus) resplendens, 50<br />

Notoscopelus (Pareiophus) bolini, 50<br />

Notoscopelus sp., 159<br />

Notosudi<strong>da</strong>e, 40<br />

Novacula cultrata, 97<br />

novacula, Xyrichthys, 97<br />

novacula, Xyrichtys, 97<br />

nummifer, Antennarius, 62<br />

O<br />

oar-fish, 124<br />

obesa, Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a, 77<br />

obesus, Parathunnus, 109<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

obesus, Thunnus, 109<br />

obesus, Thunnus (Parathunnus), 109<br />

oblongus, Orthagoriscus, 116<br />

obscura, Aspitrigla, 132<br />

obscurus, Carcharhinus, 8<br />

obscurus, Eustomias, 36<br />

obtusirostra, Margrethia, 31<br />

obtusirostris, Aphareus, 111<br />

obtusirostris, Exocoetus, 68<br />

occa, Coelorhynchus, 56<br />

oceanic bonito, 107<br />

oceanic puffer, 115<br />

oceanic whitetip shark, 8<br />

ocellaris, Blennius, 99, 100, 189<br />

ocellatus, Antennarius, 125<br />

oculata, Raja, 15<br />

Odontaspidi<strong>da</strong>e, 9<br />

Odontaspis ferox, 9<br />

Odontomacrurus murrayi, 58<br />

Odontostomus (Dissomma) perarmatus, 40<br />

Odontostomus balbo, 43<br />

Odontostomus perarmatus, 40<br />

Oe<strong>da</strong>lechilus labeo, 66<br />

olfersi, Argyropelecus, 32<br />

olfersii, Argyropelecus, 32<br />

Olfersii, Argyropelecus, 31, 32<br />

olho-de-vidro, 71<br />

olho-vivo, 38<br />

Oligopus ater, 189<br />

Omosudi<strong>da</strong>e, 43<br />

Omosudis lowei, 43<br />

Omosudis lowii, 43<br />

Oneirodes eschrichtii, 132<br />

Oneirodes macronema, 132<br />

Oneirodi<strong>da</strong>e, 64, 132<br />

Onus Granti, 60<br />

Onus guttatus, 60<br />

opah, 51<br />

opalescens, Platyberyx, 89<br />

opercularis, Melamphaes, 70<br />

operosus, Normichthys, 29<br />

Ophichthi<strong>da</strong>e, 21<br />

Ophidii<strong>da</strong>e, 52, 132<br />

Ophidiiformes, 52, 53, 54, 124<br />

Ophioblennius atlanticus, 100<br />

Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus, 100<br />

ophiocephalus, Zosterisessor, 103<br />

Opisthoprocti<strong>da</strong>e, 26<br />

Opisthoproctus grimaldii, 26<br />

Opisthoproctus soleatus, 26<br />

opisthopterus, Scopeloberyx, 70<br />

229

---

orange roughy, 71<br />

Orcynus albacora, 108<br />

Orectolobiformes, 7<br />

Oreosomati<strong>da</strong>e, 73<br />

ornate wrasse, 97<br />

Orthagoriscus mola, 116<br />

Orthagoriscus oblongus, 116<br />

ortiga, 23<br />

Osmeriformes, 25, 26, 29, 122<br />

osteochir, Remora, 84<br />

Osthagoriscus mola, 116<br />

Ostracii<strong>da</strong>e, 114<br />

Ostracion tricornis, 114<br />

ovalis, Lirus, 111<br />

ovalis, Mupos, 111<br />

ovalis, Schedophilus, 110<br />

ovatus, Ichthyococcus, 33<br />

ovatus, Trachinotus, 87<br />

ovenii, Halosaurus, 18<br />

owenii, Halosaurus, 18<br />

owenii, Halosaurus (Halosaurus), 18<br />

owenii, Pagellus, 91<br />

Oxynotus paradoxus, 13<br />

Oxyrhina spallanzanii, 10<br />

oxyrhinchus, Facciolella, 24<br />

oxyrhyncha, Facciolella, 23<br />

oxyrinchus, Isurus, 10, 11<br />

oxyrinchus, Lamna, 10<br />

oxyrinchus, Raja (Dipturus), 119<br />

230<br />

P<br />

pachygaster, Sphoeroides, 115<br />

paganellus, Bathygobius, 103<br />

paganellus, Gobius, 103, 129<br />

paganellus, Gobius (Macrogobius), 103<br />

Pagellus, 147<br />

Pagellus acarne, 91<br />

Pagellus bogaraveo, 91, 92<br />

Pagellus centrodontus, 91, 92<br />

Pagellus erythrinus, 202<br />

Pagellus owenii, 91<br />

Pagellus sp., 185<br />

Pagrus pagrus, 92<br />

Pagrus vulgaris, 92<br />

pagrus, Pagrus, 92<br />

pagrus, Sparus, 92<br />

painted goby, 103<br />

painted ray, 119<br />

pai-velho, 31, 32<br />

palli<strong>da</strong>, Cyclothone, 30<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

palli<strong>da</strong>, Cyclothone microdon, 30<br />

pallidus, Hydrolagus, 7<br />

palloni, Acantholabrax, 95<br />

palloni, Acantholabrus, 95<br />

palmicornis, Blennius, 101<br />

pan<strong>the</strong>rinus, Phalacromacrurus, 58<br />

papacinus, Nerophis, 74<br />

parabeani, Serrivomer, 24<br />

Parablennius gattorugine, 101<br />

Parablennius incognitus, 100<br />

Parablennius parvicornis, 100, 101<br />

Parablennius ruber, 101<br />

Parablennius sanguinolentus, 101<br />

Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis, 101<br />

Parabrotula plagiophthalmus, 54<br />

Parabrotuli<strong>da</strong>e, 54<br />

Paracentropristis atricau<strong>da</strong>, 81<br />

Paracentropristis cabrilla, 82<br />

Paracentropristis scriba, 81<br />

Paraconger macrops, 23<br />

paradoxus, Oxynotus, 13<br />

paradoxus, Stylophthalmus, 36<br />

Paralepidi<strong>da</strong>e, 41<br />

Paralepis affinis, 41<br />

Paralepis atlantica atlantica, 42<br />

Paralepis brevis, 42<br />

Paralepis coregonoides, 42<br />

Paralepis pseudophyraenoides thori, 41<br />

Paralepis pseu<strong>dos</strong>phyraenoides, 41<br />

Paralepis rissoi, 41<br />

Paralepis rissoi krøyeri, 41<br />

Paralepis sp., 189<br />

Paralepis speciosa, 42<br />

Paralepis sphyraenoides, 42<br />

Paralichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, 112, 131<br />

Paralipophrys trigloides, 100<br />

Paraneirodes sp., 189<br />

Paraserrivomer hasta, 24<br />

parasitica, Symenchelis, 21<br />

parasiticus, Simenchelis, 21<br />

parasiticus, Simenchelys, 21<br />

Parathunnus obesus, 109<br />

parfaiti, Barathronus, 53<br />

pargo, 92<br />

Parophidion vassali, 53<br />

parrot sea perch, 82<br />

parrotfish, 97<br />

parvicornis, Parablennius, 100, 101<br />

parvicornis, Parablennius sanguinolentus, 101<br />

parvipinnis, Synaphobranchus pinnatus, 21<br />

pastinaca, Dasyatis, 15

---

pastinaca, Trygon, 15<br />

pastinacea, Dasyatis, 15<br />

patchwork lampfish, 50<br />

patruça, 93<br />

patudo, 109<br />

pavo, Julis, 97<br />

pavo, Thalassoma, 97<br />

pearlfish, 124<br />

pearlsides, 32<br />

pectoralis, Diplecogaster bimaculata, 101, 102<br />

pe<strong>da</strong>liota, Bonapartia, 29<br />

pedicellaris, Sciadonus, 54<br />

pegador, 83, 84<br />

peixão, 91<br />

peixe agulha, 66, 67, 126<br />

peixe aranha, 98<br />

peixe balão, 115<br />

peixe balão espinhoso, 116<br />

peixe cão, 96<br />

peixe coelho, 105<br />

peixe cravo, 51<br />

peixe de galha à ré, 108<br />

peixe diabo, 62<br />

peixe engana, 62<br />

peixe espa<strong>da</strong>, 106<br />

peixe espa<strong>da</strong> branco, 106<br />

peixe espa<strong>da</strong> preto, 106<br />

peixe frade, 10<br />

peixe galo, 72<br />

peixe lagarto, 41<br />

peixe lua, 116<br />

peixe martelo, 9<br />

peixe padre, 97<br />

peixe pau, 73<br />

peixe porco, 113, 114<br />

peixe rato, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58<br />

peixe rei do alto, 96<br />

peixe sol, 104<br />

peixe tripé, 38, 39<br />

peixe tripé abissal, 39<br />

peixe tripé de barbatana negra, 39<br />

peixe ventosa, 102<br />

peixe ventosa <strong>dos</strong> ouriços, 101<br />

peixe voador, 68<br />

peixe-balão, 115<br />

peixe-piloto, 86<br />

peixe-prata, 120<br />

peixe-rei, 95<br />

peixe-sola, 26<br />

pelagic stingray, 16<br />

pelagica, Coryphaena, 85<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

pelagicus, Syngnathus, 158<br />

pelamis, Euthynnus, 107<br />

pelamis, Euthynnus (Katsuwonus), 107<br />

pelamis, Katsuwonus, 107<br />

pelamis, Thinnus, 107<br />

Pelamys sar<strong>da</strong>, 107<br />

pelamys, Thunnus, 107<br />

pelamys, Thynnus, 107<br />

pelecanoides, Eurypharynx, 25<br />

pelican eel, 25<br />

pellegrini, Apletodon, 102<br />

pellegrini, Syngnathus, 74, 75<br />

pennanti, Maurolicus, 32<br />

perarmatus, Odontostomus, 40<br />

perarmatus, Odontostomus (Dissomma), 40<br />

Perciformes, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94,<br />

95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106,<br />

109, 110, 111, 128, 129, 130<br />

perciformes, Lirus, 110<br />

perciformis, Hyperoglyphe, 110<br />

perciformis, Mupos, 110<br />

periquito, 80<br />

Peristedion cataphractum, 127<br />

perlo, Heptranchias, 11<br />

petinga, 25<br />

peudo-latissimus, Leptocephalus, 25<br />

pfluegeri, Tetrapturus, 109<br />

phaeton, Callyonimus, 103<br />

phaeton, Foetorepus, 102<br />

phaeton, Synchiropus, 103<br />

phalacra, Aldrovandia, 17<br />

Phalacromacrurus pan<strong>the</strong>rinus, 58<br />

phalacrus, Aldrovandia, 17<br />

phalacrus, Halosauropsis, 17<br />

phalacrus, Halosaurus, 17<br />

pharao, Anotopterus, 43<br />

phenax, Bathypterois, 39<br />

phenax, Bathypterois (Bathypterois), 39<br />

Pholis bufo, 99<br />

pholis, Blennius, 99, 189<br />

pholis, Lipophrys, 99<br />

Phostomia Guerni, 37<br />

Photichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, 33<br />

photocephalus, Zaphotias, 29<br />

Photonectes (Dolichostomias) Braueri, 37<br />

Photonectes (Trachinostomias) Richardi, 37<br />

Photonectes braueri, 37<br />

Photonectes dinema, 132<br />

Photonectes margarita, 37<br />

photonotus, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

Photostomias guernei, 37<br />

231

---

Photostomias Guernei, 37<br />

Photostomis guerni, 37<br />

Photostylus pycnopterus, 28<br />

Ph<strong>the</strong>irichthys lineatus, 84<br />

Phyci<strong>da</strong>e, 59, 61<br />

Phycis blennioides, 61<br />

Phycis blennoides, 60, 61<br />

Phycis mediterranea, 61<br />

Phycis mediterraneus, 61<br />

Phycis phycis, 61<br />

Phycis spp., 168<br />

phycis, Phycis, 61<br />

Physiculus <strong>da</strong>lwigki, 59<br />

Physis physis, 61<br />

physis, Physis, 61<br />

Pictiblennius sanguinolentus, 101<br />

picturatus picturatus, Trachurus, 87<br />

picturatus, Trachurus, 87, 88, 161<br />

picturatus, Trachurus trachurus, 87<br />

pictus, Chaunax, 63<br />

pictus, Pomatoschistus, 103<br />

pífaro, 14<br />

pife, 14<br />

pilchard, 25, 122<br />

pilchardus, Alausa, 25<br />

pilchardus, Clupea, 25<br />

pilchardus, Sardina, 25, 122<br />

pilchardus, Sardinha, 25<br />

pilotfish, 86<br />

pilot-fish, 86<br />

pimpim, 73<br />

pini, Trigla, 78, 79<br />

pinnati, Leptocephalus Synaphobranchi, 21<br />

pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbatus, Cheilopogon,<br />

68<br />

pinnatibarbatus, Cheilopogon, 68<br />

pinnatibarbatus, Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus,<br />

68<br />

pinnatibarbatus, Cypselurus, 68<br />

pinnatibarbatus, Exocoetus, 68<br />

pinnatus parvipinnis, Synaphobranchus, 21<br />

pinnatus, Synaphobranchus, 21<br />

pintado, 7<br />

piper, 127<br />

piscatorius, Lophius, 62, 198<br />

pitchardus, Clupea, 25<br />

plagiophthalmus, Parabrotula, 54<br />

planehead filefish, 114<br />

platessa, Pleuronectes, 112<br />

Platophrys mancus, 112<br />

Platophrys po<strong>da</strong>s, 112<br />

232<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Platuronides, 24<br />

Platybelone argalus, 67<br />

Platybelone argulus argulus, 67<br />

Platybelone argulus lovii, 67<br />

Platybelone argulus trachura, 67<br />

Platyberyx opalescens, 89<br />

platypterus, Istiophorus, 129<br />

Platytrocti<strong>da</strong>e, 29, 132<br />

Plectromus megalops, 70<br />

Pleuronectes megastoma, 113<br />

Pleuronectes platessa, 112<br />

Pleuronectes solea, 112<br />

Pleuronecti<strong>da</strong>e, 112<br />

Pleuronectiformes, 112, 113, 131, 189<br />

pliopterus, Chirostomias, 35<br />

plombeta, 87<br />

plumieri, Scorpaena, 76<br />

pneumatophorus, Scomber, 107<br />

po<strong>da</strong>s maderensis, Bothus, 112<br />

po<strong>da</strong>s, Bothus, 112<br />

po<strong>da</strong>s, Platophrys, 112<br />

po<strong>da</strong>s, Rhomboidichthys, 112<br />

Pollachius pollachius, 168<br />

pollachius, Pollachius, 168<br />

Polyacanthonotus, 18<br />

Polyacanthonotus challengeri, 18<br />

Polyacanthonotus rissoanus, 18<br />

Polymixia nobilis, 52<br />

Polymixii<strong>da</strong>e, 52<br />

Polymixiiformes, 52<br />

polynema, Caulophryne, 64, 132<br />

polyphos, Gonostoma, 31<br />

Polyprion americanum, 79<br />

Polyprion americanus, 79<br />

Polyprion cernium, 79<br />

Polyprioni<strong>da</strong>e, 80<br />

Pomacentri<strong>da</strong>e, 94<br />

Pomatomi<strong>da</strong>e, 83<br />

Pomatomus saltator, 83<br />

Pomatomus saltatrix, 83<br />

Pomatoschistus pictus, 103<br />

pompano, 87<br />

pompano dolphin fish, 85<br />

pompilus, Centrolophus, 110<br />

Pontinus kuhli, 76<br />

Pontinus kuhlii, 76<br />

porbeagle, 11<br />

porcupine fish, 116, 131<br />

porcus, Scorpaena, 77<br />

Poromitra capito, 69<br />

Poromitra crassiceps, 69

---

Poromitra megalops, 69<br />

Poromitrella nigriceps, 69<br />

Portuguese blenny, 101<br />

Portuguese dogfish, 11<br />

Portuguese shark, 11<br />

poutassou, Micromesistius, 62<br />

poweriae, Vinciguerria, 34<br />

presbyter, A<strong>the</strong>rina (Hepsetia), 66<br />

pretiosus, Ruvettus, 105<br />

pretiosus, Thyrsites, 105<br />

preto, 83<br />

Priacanthi<strong>da</strong>e, 82, 132<br />

Priacanthus arenatus, 82<br />

Priacanthus cruentatus, 132<br />

pricklefish, 70<br />

princeps, Etmopterus, 12<br />

Prionace glauca, 9, 16<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>undorum, Deania, 14<br />

prombeta, 87<br />

prometeus, Promethichthys, 105<br />

prome<strong>the</strong>us, Promethichthys, 105<br />

Promethichthys prometeus, 105<br />

Promethichthys prome<strong>the</strong>us, 105<br />

Promyllantor laterodorsalis, 23<br />

Protomyctophum (Hierops) arcticum, 50<br />

Protomyctophum sp., 159<br />

provensalis, Mugil, 66<br />

Psenes maculatus, 111<br />

pseudoacclinidens, Cyclothone, 123<br />

pseudobscura, Sternoptyx, 33<br />

Pseudocaranx dentex, 86<br />

Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois scr<strong>of</strong>a, 78, 96<br />

pseudopalli<strong>da</strong>, Cyclothone, 30<br />

Pseudophichthys latedorsalis, 23<br />

Pseudophichthys splendens, 23<br />

pseudophyraenoides pseudophyraenoides,<br />

Lestidium, 41<br />

pseudophyraenoides thori, Paralepis, 41<br />

pseudophyraenoides, Lestidiops jaykari, 41<br />

pseudophyraenoides, Lestidium<br />

pseudophyraenoides, 41<br />

Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus altipinnis, 128<br />

Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus scriptus, 128<br />

pseu<strong>dos</strong>phyraenoides, Paralepis, 41<br />

Pseudotriacis microdon, 8<br />

Pseudotriaki<strong>da</strong>e, 7<br />

Pseudotriakis microdon, 7<br />

Pteridium atrum, 189<br />

Pterycombus brama, 88<br />

pufferfish, 115<br />

punctatum, Myctophum, 50<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

purplemou<strong>the</strong>d conger, 23<br />

pusillus, Etmopterus, 12<br />

pusillus, Lampanyctus, 48<br />

pusillus, Myctophum (Lampanyctus), 49<br />

pycnopterus, Photostylus, 28<br />

pyrsobolus, Lepidophanes, 44<br />

Q<br />

quadrimaculata, Uncisudis, 43<br />

quadrioculatum, Neostoma, 30<br />

queen triggerfish, 131<br />

quelma, 13<br />

quelmazinha, 12, 13<br />

quen<strong>the</strong>ri, Setarches, 78<br />

quimera, 7<br />

R<br />

rabão, 109<br />

rabbit-fish, 7, 105<br />

rabilo, 109<br />

Radhines<strong>the</strong>s decimus, 132<br />

Radiicephali<strong>da</strong>e, 51<br />

Radiicephalus elongatus, 51<br />

radiosus, Antennarius, 125<br />

rafinesquei, Diaphus, 46<br />

rafinesquei, Myctophum (Diaphus), 46<br />

rafinesquii, Diaphus, 46<br />

ragged-tooth shark, 9<br />

raia, 14, 15, 119<br />

Raia ackleyi, 15<br />

Raia clavata, 15<br />

raia lenga, 15<br />

Raia maderenses, 15<br />

Raia maderensis, 15<br />

raia pontua<strong>da</strong>, 14<br />

raia prega<strong>da</strong>, 14<br />

Raie cornue, 16, 17<br />

Raie mobular, 16<br />

raii, Brama, 88<br />

rainbow runner, 85<br />

rainbow wrasse, 95<br />

rainha, 97<br />

Raja (Dipturus) batis, 119<br />

Raja (Dipturus) oxyrinchus, 119<br />

Raja (Leucoraja) fullonica, 14<br />

Raja (Raja) brachyura, 14<br />

Raja (Raja) clavata, 15, 119<br />

Raja (Raja) maderensis, 15<br />

233

---

Raja (Raja) microocellata, 119<br />

Raja (Rajella) bigelowi, 15<br />

Raja acklegii, 15<br />

Raja ackleyi, 15<br />

Raja bathyphila, 15<br />

Raja bathyphilla, 15<br />

Raja clavata, 119<br />

Raja microcellata, 119<br />

Raja oculata, 15<br />

Raja sp., 151<br />

Raja Vespertilio, 16<br />

Raji<strong>da</strong>e, 14, 119, 168<br />

Rajiformes, 14, 15, 16, 119, 120<br />

ramosus, Leptostomias, 36<br />

ramosus, Melanostomias, 36<br />

Ramphistoma belone, 67<br />

ramulosus, Hippocampus, 74<br />

Ranzania laevis, 116<br />

Ranzania truncata, 116<br />

rara, Loweina, 49<br />

rascaço, 77<br />

rat fish, 7<br />

ratão, 15, 16, 17, 120<br />

ratinho do alto, 68<br />

rato, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58<br />

rato bicudo, 55<br />

rato do mar, 15<br />

rato redondo, 57<br />

Ray´s bream, 88<br />

red bream, 72<br />

red gurnard, 78<br />

red mullet, 93<br />

red porgy, 92<br />

red scorpion-fish, 77<br />

red sea-bream, 91<br />

red stripped mullet, 93<br />

redmouth whalefish, 70<br />

reef butterflyfish, 128<br />

Regaleci<strong>da</strong>e, 123<br />

Regalecus glesne, 123<br />

regani, Ceratocaulophryne, 64<br />

Regani, Ceratocaulophryne, 64<br />

regius, Argyrosomus, 187, 191<br />

regius, Argyrossomus, 168<br />

regius, Lampris, 51<br />

reinhardtii, Hygophum, 47<br />

relógio, 71<br />

remora, 84<br />

rémora, 83, 84<br />

Remora (Remora) remora, 84<br />

Remora (Remoropsis) brachyptera, 84<br />

234<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Remora brachyptera, 84<br />

Remora osteochir, 84<br />

Remora remora, 84<br />

remora, Echeneis, 84<br />

remora, Remora, 84<br />

remora, Remora (Remora), 84<br />

Remorina albescens, 84<br />

resplendens, Notoscopelus (Notoscopelus), 50<br />

resplendes, Lampanyctus, 50<br />

reticulatus, Callionymus, 128<br />

reticulatus, Callionymus, 129<br />

Rhincodon typus, 7<br />

Rhincodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 7<br />

Rhinoptera marginata, 120<br />

rho<strong>da</strong>denia, Gonostoma, 31<br />

Rhomboidichthys mancus, 112<br />

Rhomboidichthys po<strong>da</strong>s, 112<br />

Rhombus sp., 189<br />

ribbon-fish, 124<br />

Richardi, Echiostoma, 37, 189<br />

richardi, Eurypharynx, 25<br />

Richardi, Photonectes (Trachinostomias), 37<br />

Richardi, Serrivomer, 24<br />

Richardii, Serrivomer, 24<br />

Richardü, Serrivomer, 24<br />

ridgehead, 69, 70, 126, 127<br />

Rinoctes nasutus, 123<br />

rinquim, 10<br />

risso, Electrona, 46<br />

risso, Electrona (Electrona), 46<br />

risso, Myctophum, 46<br />

rissoanus, Polyacanthonotus, 18<br />

rissoi krøyeri, Paralepis, 41<br />

rissoi, Arctozenus, 41<br />

rissoi, Electrona, 46<br />

rissoi, Myctophum, 46<br />

rissoi, Myctophum (Myctophum), 46<br />

Rissoi, Myctophum (Myctophum), 46<br />

rissoi, Notolepis, 41<br />

rissoi, Paralepis, 41<br />

rissoi, Scopelus, 46<br />

rissoi, Sudis, 41<br />

Risso's smooth-head, 26<br />

rivoliana, Seriola, 87<br />

robustus, Benthocometes, 132<br />

robustus, Melamphaes, 70<br />

robustus, Scopeloberyx, 70<br />

robustus, Scopelogadus, 70<br />

rocaz, 77<br />

rochei eudorax, Auxis, 107<br />

rochei rochei, Auxis, 106, 107

---

ochei, Auxis, 107<br />

rochei, Auxis rochei, 106, 107<br />

rock goby, 103<br />

rockfish, 77<br />

rock-pool blenny, 100<br />

rói anzóis, 100<br />

roker, 15<br />

romano, 10<br />

romão, 10<br />

romeiro, 86<br />

romerus, Acantholabrus, 95<br />

Rondeleti, Scombresox, 68<br />

Rondeletia loricata, 70<br />

rondeletii, Charcarodon, 10<br />

rondeletii, Sargus, 90, 91<br />

Rondeletii<strong>da</strong>e, 70<br />

rostrata, Canthigaster, 114<br />

rostrata, Macdonaldia, 18<br />

rostratus, Alepocephalus, 26, 28<br />

rostratus, Bathytroctes, 26, 29<br />

rotun<strong>da</strong>, Mola, 116<br />

rough pomfret, 88<br />

rough triggerfish, 113<br />

rough-fish, 71<br />

roughtail stingray, 120<br />

roughtip grenadier, 57<br />

Rouleina attrita, 28<br />

Rouleina attritus, 28<br />

Rouleina maderensis, 132<br />

round stingray, 16<br />

roundhead grenadier, 58<br />

ruber, Blennius, 101<br />

ruber, Callanthias, 82<br />

ruber, Parablennius, 101<br />

rubescens, Syngnathus, 74, 75<br />

rubescens, Taractes, 89<br />

rubra, Mycteroperca, 81<br />

rubriventer, Melamphaës, 127<br />

rubriventer, Scopeloberyx, 127<br />

rueppelli, Arnoglossus, 112<br />

rueppelli, Dollfusina, 112<br />

ruivo, 78<br />

rupestris, Ctenolabrus, 147<br />

Rupiscastres sp., 100<br />

Rüppeli, Arnoglossus, 112<br />

Rüppelii, Charybdia, 112<br />

Ruvettus pretiosus, 105<br />

Saccopharyngi<strong>da</strong>e, 25<br />

S<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Saccopharyngiformes, 25, 121<br />

Saccopharynx ampullaceus, 25<br />

Saccopharynx flagellum, 25<br />

sacer, Anthias, 80<br />

safio, 23<br />

Sagamichthys schnakenbecki, 132<br />

sailfin dory, 72<br />

sailfin roughshark, 13<br />

sailfish, 129<br />

sailfishsucker, 84<br />

Salarias symplocos, 99<br />

salema, 92<br />

salema do Brasil, 93<br />

salemão, 85<br />

saliens, Lisa, 66<br />

salmonete, 93<br />

salpa, Boops, 92<br />

salpa, Box, 92<br />

salpa, Sarpa, 92<br />

saltator, Pomatomus, 83<br />

saltator, Temnodon, 83<br />

saltatrix, Pomatomus, 83<br />

sand-smelt, 66<br />

sandy dogfish, 117<br />

sanguinolentus parvicornis, Parablennius, 101<br />

sanguinolentus, Blennius, 101<br />

sanguinolentus, Parablennius, 101<br />

sanguinolentus, Pictiblennius, 101<br />

sapata, 14<br />

sapata preta, 11, 12, 13<br />

sapo, 115<br />

sapo do alto, 115<br />

Sar<strong>da</strong> sar<strong>da</strong>, 107<br />

sar<strong>da</strong>, Pelamys, 107<br />

sar<strong>da</strong>, Sar<strong>da</strong>, 107<br />

Sardina pilchardus, 25, 122<br />

sardine, 25, 122<br />

Sardinella maderensis, 122<br />

sardinha, 25<br />

Sardinha pilchardus, 25<br />

sargassumfish, 63<br />

sargo, 90<br />

sargus cadenati, Diplodus, 90, 91<br />

Sargus rondeletii, 90, 91<br />

Sargus sargus, 90<br />

Sargus vulgaris, 90, 91<br />

sargus, Diplodus, 90, 91<br />

sargus, Sargus, 90<br />

Sarpa salpa, 92<br />

saupe, 92<br />

Saurus saurus, 41<br />

235

---

saurus saurus, Scomberesox, 68<br />

Saurus trivirgatus, 41<br />

saurus, Saurus, 41<br />

saurus, Scomberesox saurus, 68<br />

saurus, Scombresox, 67, 68<br />

saurus, Synodus, 41<br />

saury, 68<br />

saury-pike, 68<br />

sawtailfish, 36<br />

scabbardfish, 106<br />

scaldfish, 131<br />

scaleless dragonfish, 35, 36, 37<br />

scalloped ribbon fish, 52<br />

scaly dragonfish, 37<br />

Scari<strong>da</strong>e, 97<br />

Scarus cretensis, 97<br />

Schedophilus medusophagus, 110<br />

Schedophilus ovalis, 110<br />

schmidti, Lepidion, 125<br />

schnakenbecki, Sagamichthys, 132<br />

Sciadonus kullenbergi, 54<br />

Sciadonus pedicellaris, 54<br />

Sciaena, 147<br />

Sciaena aquila, 187<br />

scilliam catulus, 12<br />

Scillium catulus, 12<br />

Scillium griseum, 8<br />

sclerorhynchus, Macruroplus, 57<br />

sclerorhynchus, Macrurus, 57<br />

sclerorhynchus, Macrurus (Coelorhynchus), 57<br />

sclerorhynchus, Nezumia, 57<br />

Scolepus Coccoi, 46<br />

Scolepus humboldti, 51<br />

scolopacea, Nemichthys, 22<br />

scolopaceus, Nemichthys, 22<br />

scolopax, Centriscus, 75<br />

scolopax, Macroramphosus, 75<br />

Scomber (Pneumatophorus) japonicus, 107<br />

Scomber (Scomber) scombrus, 108<br />

Scomber colias, 107, 108<br />

Scomber japonicus, 107<br />

Scomber pneumatophorus, 107<br />

Scomber scomber, 108<br />

Scomber scombrus, 108<br />

scomber, Scomber, 108<br />

Scomberesoci<strong>da</strong>e, 67<br />

Scomberesox saurus saurus, 68<br />

Scomberesox sp., 67<br />

Scombresox Rondeleti, 68<br />

Scombresox saurus, 67, 68<br />

Scombri<strong>da</strong>e, 106<br />

236<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Scombrolabraci<strong>da</strong>e, 104<br />

Scombrolabrax heterolepis, 104<br />

scombrus, Scomber, 108<br />

scombrus, Scomber (Scomber), 108<br />

Scopelarchi<strong>da</strong>e, 39<br />

Scopelarchus anale, 40<br />

Scopelarchus analis, 40<br />

Scopeloberyx opisthopterus, 70<br />

Scopeloberyx robustus, 70<br />

Scopeloberyx rubriventer, 127<br />

Scopelogadus beanii, 70<br />

Scopelosaurus argenteus, 40<br />

Scopelosaurus lepidus, 40<br />

Scopelus (Rhinoscopelus) Coccoi, 46<br />

Scopelus Benoiti, 47<br />

Scopelus Humboldti, 51<br />

Scopelus Hygomii, 47<br />

Scopelus maderensis, 44<br />

Scopelus rissoi, 46<br />

Scophthalmi<strong>da</strong>e, 113<br />

Scorpaena azorica, 76<br />

Scorpaena <strong>da</strong>ctyloptera, 76<br />

Scorpaena imperialis, 76<br />

Scorpaena laevis, 76<br />

Scorpaena maderensis, 76, 77, 78<br />

Scorpaena notata, 77, 78<br />

Scorpaena plumieri, 76<br />

Scorpaena porcus, 77<br />

Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a, 77, 78<br />

Scorpaena scr<strong>of</strong>a obesa, 77<br />

Scorpaena scropha, 77<br />

Scorpaena sp., 77, 160, 189<br />

Scorpaena ustulata, 77<br />

Scorpaeni<strong>da</strong>e, 75<br />

Scorpaeniformes, 75, 78, 127<br />

Scorpaenodes arenai, 78<br />

scriba, Paracentropristis, 81<br />

scriba, Serranelus, 81<br />

scriba, Serranus, 81, 82, 132, 201<br />

scriptus, Pseu<strong>dos</strong>copelus, 128<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a obesa, Scorpaena, 77<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a, Bodianus, 96<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a, Cossyphus, 96<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a, Pseudolepi<strong>da</strong>plois, 78, 96<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a, Scorpaena, 77, 78<br />

scr<strong>of</strong>a, Trochocopus, 96<br />

scropha, Scorpaena, 77<br />

Scyliorhini<strong>da</strong>e, 117<br />

Scyliorhinus canicula, 117<br />

Scyliorhinus licha, 12<br />

Scyliorhinus stellaris, 12

---

Scyllium catulus, 12<br />

Scymno<strong>da</strong>latias garricki, 13<br />

Scymnorhinus licha, 12<br />

Scymnorhinus lichia, 12<br />

seahorse, 74<br />

Searsia koefoedi, 29<br />

sea-urchin clingfish, 101<br />

Sebastes <strong>da</strong>ctylopterus, 76<br />

Sebastes imperialis, 76<br />

Sebastes Kuhlii, 76<br />

Sebastes maderensis, 77<br />

Sebastes madurensis, 76, 77<br />

sectator, Kyphosus, 93<br />

sectatrix, Cyphosus, 94<br />

sectatrix, Kyphosus, 94<br />

sector, Serrivomer, 24<br />

sedentarius, Chaetodon, 128<br />

senegalensis, Antennarius, 63, 125<br />

Senegalese frogfish, 63<br />

Seriola dumerili, 86, 87<br />

Seriola dumerili dumerili, 86<br />

Seriola Dumerilii, 86<br />

Seriola rivoliana, 87<br />

Seriola sp., 183, 189<br />

Seriola spp., 86, 138, 157, 168<br />

Seriola zonata, 86<br />

serpens, Gempylus, 105<br />

serpentinus, Derichthys, 22<br />

Serranellus atricau<strong>da</strong>, 81<br />

Serranellus cabrilla, 82<br />

Serranelus scriba, 81<br />

Serrani<strong>da</strong>e, 79, 80, 132<br />

Serranus (Pseu<strong>dos</strong>erranus) atricau<strong>da</strong>, 81<br />

Serranus anthias, 80<br />

Serranus atricau<strong>da</strong>, 81, 82<br />

Serranus cabrilla, 81, 82<br />

Serranus fuscus, 81<br />

Serranus scriba, 81, 82, 132, 201<br />

Serranus spp., 168<br />

serratus, Macruroplus, 57<br />

serratus, Macrurus, 57<br />

Serrivomer beani, 24<br />

Serrivomer beanii, 24<br />

Serrivomer brevidentatus, 24<br />

Serrivomer lanceolatoides, 24<br />

Serrivomer neocaledoniensis, 24<br />

Serrivomer parabeani, 24<br />

Serrivomer Richardi, 24<br />

Serrivomer Richardii, 24<br />

Serrivomer Richardü, 24<br />

Serrivomer sector, 24<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Serrivomeri<strong>da</strong>e, 24<br />

Setarches guen<strong>the</strong>ri, 78<br />

Setarches quen<strong>the</strong>ri, 78<br />

sewelli, Bathytyphlops, 39<br />

shagreen ray, 14<br />

shanny, 99<br />

sharksucker, 83<br />

shark-sucker, 84<br />

sharpnose puffer, 114<br />

sharpnose seven-gill shark, 11<br />

sharptail mola, 116<br />

sherborni, Howella, 79<br />

short fin pearleye, 40<br />

shortbeard grenadier, 124<br />

shortfin mako, 10<br />

shortnoose greeneye, 38<br />

short-snouted seahorse, 74<br />

shovel nosed shark, 14<br />

signata alba, Cyclothone, 29<br />

signata, Cyclothone, 29<br />

Siluriformes, 122<br />

silver driftfish, 111<br />

silver pomfret, 88<br />

silver scabbard fish, 106<br />

silvery pout, 61<br />

Simenchelis parasiticus, 21<br />

Simenchelys grimaldii, 21<br />

Simenchelys parasitica, 21<br />

Simenchelys parasiticus, 21<br />

simile, Myctophum, 44<br />

simonyi, Benthodesmus, 106<br />

simonyi, Benthodesmus, 106<br />

simonyi, Benthodesmus elongatus, 106<br />

simula, Chalinura, 55<br />

simulans, Nanychthys, 67<br />

simulus, Coryphaenoides, 55<br />

simus, Melamphaes, 69<br />

singlespot frogfish, 125<br />

Sirembo metriostoma, 53<br />

six-gill shark, 11<br />

skate, 119<br />

skipjack tuna, 107<br />

skipper, 68<br />

slender argentine, 26<br />

slender mola, 116<br />

slender snipe-eel, 22<br />

slender suckerfish, 84<br />

slender sunfish, 116<br />

slimehead, 71<br />

Sloane’s viperfish, 35<br />

sloanei sloanei, Chauliodus, 35<br />

237

---

sloanei, Chauliodus, 35<br />

sloanei, Chauliodus sloanei, 35<br />

sloani, Chauliodus, 35<br />

smalleye squaretail, 111<br />

small-eyed ray, 119<br />

smallmouth spiny eel, 18<br />

smallscale smooth-head, 27<br />

smalltooth sand tiger, 9<br />

Smaris insidiator, 93<br />

smooth grenadier, 57<br />

smooth hammerhead, 9<br />

smooth hound, 117<br />

smooth lanternshark, 12<br />

smooth pufferfish, 115<br />

snaggletooth, 34<br />

snake mackerel, 105<br />

snake pipefish, 73<br />

snubnosed eel, 21<br />

socialis, Xenodermichthys, 28<br />

s<strong>of</strong>tskin smooth-head, 28<br />

solandri, Acanthocybium, 106<br />

Solea solea, 112<br />

Solea vulgaris, 112<br />

solea, Pleuronectes, 112<br />

solea, Solea, 112<br />

soleatus, Opisthoproctus, 26<br />

Solei<strong>da</strong>e, 112<br />

solha, 112<br />

solha <strong>da</strong> fundura, 113<br />

sopapo, 115<br />

spalanzanii, Lamna, 10<br />

spallanzanii, Lamna, 10<br />

spallanzanii, Oxyrhina, 10<br />

Spanish mackerel, 107<br />

Spari<strong>da</strong>e, 90, 132<br />

Sparisoma (Euscarus) cretense, 97<br />

Sparisoma cretense, 97<br />

Sparisoma cretensis, 98<br />

Sparus aurata, 90, 92<br />

Sparus pagrus, 92<br />

spearfish remora, 84<br />

spear-snouted grenadier, 55<br />

speciosa, Julis, 95<br />

speciosa, Paralepis, 42<br />

speciosus, Bodianus, 96<br />

speciosus, Diastodon, 96<br />

speciosus, Dioastodon, 96<br />

Spectrunculus grandis, 53<br />

speculigera, Lampadena, 48<br />

spengleri, Sphoeroides, 115<br />

spengleri, Tetrodon, 115<br />

238<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Sphagebranchus caecus, 22<br />

Sphagemacrurus hirundo, 58<br />

Sphoeroides cutaneus, 115<br />

Sphoeroides marmoratus, 115<br />

Sphoeroides pachygaster, 115<br />

Sphoeroides spengleri, 115<br />

Sphoeroides spp., 147<br />

Sphyraena sp., 104, 138<br />

Sphyraena sphyraena, 104<br />

Sphyraena viridensis, 104<br />

Sphyraena vulgaris, 104<br />

sphyraena, Argentina, 122<br />

sphyraena, Sphyraena, 104<br />

Sphyraeni<strong>da</strong>e, 104<br />

sphyraenoides, Lestidium, 42<br />

sphyraenoides, Paralepis, 42<br />

sphyrenoides, Lestidiops, 41<br />

Sphyrna lewini, 132<br />

Sphyrna sp., 185<br />

Sphyrna zygaena, 9<br />

spiderfish, 38<br />

spilorhynchus, Melanostomias, 37<br />

Spinax niger, 13<br />

Spinax sp., 144<br />

spinax, Etmopterus, 13<br />

spine trumpet fish, 75<br />

spinosus, Eumicrotremus, 127, 128<br />

spinulosus, Leiogaster atlanticus, 71<br />

spiny dogfish, 118<br />

spiny scorpionfish, 78<br />

spinyfin, 71<br />

splendens, Beryx, 72<br />

splendens, Pseudophichthys, 23<br />

splitfin smooth-head, 122<br />

Spondyliosoma cantharus, 90, 132<br />

spotted burrfish, 131<br />

spotted snipe eel, 22<br />

spotted tonguesole, 113<br />

Sprattus sprattus, 168<br />

sprattus, Sprattus, 168<br />

spurdog, 118<br />

Spyraena sphyraena, 104<br />

Squali<strong>da</strong>e, 118<br />

Squaliformes, 11, 13, 118<br />

Squalus acanthias, 118<br />

Squalus zygoena, 9<br />

squamosus, Centrophorus, 13<br />

squamosus, Grimaldichthys, 52<br />

squamosus, Holcomycteronus, 52<br />

squamosus, Lepidorhinus, 13<br />

starry smooth-head, 28

---

stellaris, Scyliorhinus, 12<br />

Stenoptyx diaphanus, 33<br />

Stephanoberyci<strong>da</strong>e, 70<br />

Stephanoberyciformes, 69, 70, 126<br />

Stephanolepis hispidus, 114<br />

Sternoptychi<strong>da</strong>e, 31<br />

Sternoptyx diaphana, 33<br />

Sternoptyx pseudobscura, 33<br />

stingray, 15<br />

Stomia ferox, 38<br />

Stomias boa, 37<br />

Stomias boa ferox, 37<br />

Stomias brevibarbatus, 38<br />

Stomias ferox, 37<br />

Stomiati<strong>da</strong>e, 189<br />

Stomii<strong>da</strong>e, 34, 132<br />

Stomiiformes, 29, 31, 33, 34, 123<br />

stone bass, 79<br />

streaked gurnard, 79<br />

Stromatei<strong>da</strong>e, 130<br />

Stromateus fiatola, 130<br />

Strongylura acus, 67, 126<br />

Stylophthalmella sp., 189<br />

Stylophthalmoides, 189<br />

Stylophthalmus paradoxus, 36<br />

Stylophthalmus sp., 189<br />

suborbitale, Benthosema, 44<br />

suborbitalis, Melamphaes, 69<br />

Sudis coregonoides, 42<br />

Sudis hyalina, 42<br />

Sudis rissoi, 41<br />

suerii, Lesueurigobius, 129<br />

sulcatus, Trachonurus, 58<br />

superciliosus, Alopias, 118<br />

surinamensis, Lobotes, 89<br />

surmuletus, Mullus, 93<br />

suttkusi, Chaunax, 63<br />

swallowtail sea perch, 80<br />

swordfish, 110<br />

Syacium micrurum, 112, 131<br />

Symbolophorus sp., 159<br />

Symbolophorus veranyi, 51<br />

Symphodus (Crenilabrus) mediterraneus, 97<br />

Symphodus (Crenilabrus) melops, 95<br />

Symphodus sp., 160<br />

Symphurus lactea, 113<br />

Symphurus lacteus, 113<br />

Symphurus nigrescens, 113<br />

symplocos, Salarias, 99<br />

Synaphobranchi pinnati, Leptocephalus, 21<br />

Synaphobranchi<strong>da</strong>e, 20, 132<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

Synaphobranchus infernalis, 21<br />

Synaphobranchus kaupi, 21<br />

Synaphobranchus pinnatus, 21<br />

Synaphobranchus pinnatus parvipinnis, 21<br />

Synaphobranchus sp., 21<br />

Synchiropus phaeton, 103<br />

Syngnathi<strong>da</strong>e, 73<br />

Syngnathus acus, 74, 75, 198<br />

Syngnathus fuscus, 75<br />

Syngnathus pelagicus, 158<br />

Syngnathus pellegrini, 74, 75<br />

Syngnathus rubescens, 74, 75<br />

Synodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 40<br />

Synodus saurus, 41<br />

Synodus synodus, 41<br />

synodus, Synodus, 41<br />

T<br />

taaningi, Hygophum, 47<br />

Taaningichthys minimus, 132<br />

Tachysurus feliceps, 122<br />

taenia, Diplophos, 30<br />

tænia, Trachypterus, 51, 52<br />

Taeniura grabata, 16<br />

tainha, 65<br />

talabarte, 106<br />

talismani, Macrurus (Coelorhynchus), 56<br />

Talismania mekistonema, 28<br />

Talismania mollis, 28<br />

tamboril, 62<br />

Taractes asper, 88, 89<br />

Taractes rubescens, 89<br />

Taractichthys longipinnis, 88, 89<br />

tarpão, 120<br />

tarpon, 120<br />

Tarpon atlanticus, 120<br />

telescopus, Epigonus, 83<br />

Temnodon saltator, 83<br />

Tetragonuri<strong>da</strong>e, 111, 130<br />

Tetragonurus atlanticus, 130<br />

Tetragonurus cuvieri, 111, 130<br />

Tetraodon marmoratus, 115<br />

Tetraodon mola, 116<br />

Tetraodonti<strong>da</strong>e, 114<br />

Tetraodontiformes, 113, 114, 116, 131<br />

Tetrapturus albidus, 109<br />

Tetrapturus pfluegeri, 109<br />

Tetrodon cutaneus, 115<br />

Tetrodon lagocephalus, 115<br />

Tetrodon spengleri, 115<br />

239

---

Thalassoma pavo, 97<br />

thazard thazard, Auxis, 107<br />

thazard, Ausis, 107<br />

thazard, Auxis thazard, 107<br />

thick-lipped grey mullet, 65<br />

Thinnus brachypterus, 109<br />

Thinnus pelamis, 107<br />

thori, Paralepis pseudophyraenoides, 41<br />

thornback ray, 15<br />

Thorogobius ephippiatus, 103<br />

threadfin smooth-head, 28<br />

thresher shark, 10<br />

Thunnus (Germo) alalunga, 108<br />

Thunnus (Neothunnus) albacares, 108<br />

Thunnus (Neothunnus) albacora, 108<br />

Thunnus (Parathunnus) obesus, 109<br />

Thunnus (Thunnus) alalunga, 108<br />

Thunnus (Thunnus) thynnus, 109<br />

Thunnus alalunga, 108, 111<br />

Thunnus albacares, 108<br />

Thunnus argentivittatus, 108<br />

Thunnus obesus, 109<br />

Thunnus pelamys, 107<br />

Thunnus thynnus, 109<br />

Thunnus thynnus thynnus, 109<br />

Thynnus alaloaga, 108<br />

Thynnus alalunga, 108<br />

Thynnus pelamys, 107<br />

Thynnus thynnus, 109<br />

thynnus thynnus, Thunnus, 109<br />

thynnus, Thunnus, 109<br />

thynnus, Thunnus (Thunnus), 109<br />

thynnus, Thunnus thynnus, 109<br />

thynnus, Thynnus, 109<br />

Thyrsites pretiosus, 105<br />

Thyrsites sp., 189<br />

tiger shark, 8<br />

tintureira, 9<br />

tittmanni, Aristostomias, 34<br />

toothless smooth-head, 28<br />

tope, 8<br />

torci<strong>da</strong>, 97<br />

Torictus atlanticus, 28<br />

Torpedini<strong>da</strong>e, 14, 119<br />

Torpedo (Tetronarce) nobiliana, 14<br />

Torpedo (Torpedo) torpedo, 119<br />

Torpedo hebetans, 14<br />

Torpedo nobiliana, 14<br />

torpedo, Torpedo (Torpedo), 119<br />

Trachichthodes sp., 159<br />

Trachichthyi<strong>da</strong>e, 71<br />

240<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

Trachini<strong>da</strong>e, 98<br />

Trachinotus glaucus, 87<br />

Trachinotus ovatus, 87<br />

Trachinus vipera, 98<br />

Trachipteri<strong>da</strong>e, 51<br />

Trachipterus arcticus, 51, 52<br />

Trachipterus trachypterus, 51, 52, 132<br />

Trachonurus asperrimus, 58<br />

Trachonurus sulcatus, 58<br />

Trachonurus villosus, 58<br />

trachura, Belone, 67<br />

trachura, Platybelone argulus, 67<br />

Trachurus, 87<br />

Trachurus Cuvieri, 87<br />

Trachurus fallax, 161<br />

Trachurus picturatus, 87, 88, 161<br />

Trachurus picturatus picturatus, 87<br />

Trachurus spp., 147<br />

Trachurus trachurus, 87, 88<br />

trachurus, Caranx, 87, 88<br />

trachurus, Trachurus, 87, 88<br />

Trachynotus glaucus, 87<br />

Trachypterus tænia, 51, 52<br />

trachypterus, Trachipterus, 51, 52, 132<br />

Trachyrhynchus sp., 202<br />

Trachyscorpia cristulata echinata, 78<br />

Traconurus villosus, 58<br />

treadfin grenadier, 56<br />

tremelga, 14<br />

Triaki<strong>da</strong>e, 8, 117<br />

triceratops, Melamphaes, 69<br />

Trichiuri<strong>da</strong>e, 106, 189<br />

Trichostomias Alberti, 35<br />

tricirrata, Motella, 60, 61<br />

tricirratus, Gaidropsarus, 60<br />

tricornis, Lactophrys, 114<br />

tricornis, Ostracion, 114<br />

trifasciatus, Trifasciatus, 91<br />

triggerfish, 113, 114, 131<br />

Trigla (Aspitrigla) cuculus, 78<br />

Trigla (Trigloporus) lastoviza, 79<br />

Trigla cuculus, 78<br />

Trigla lastovitza, 79<br />

Trigla lineata, 79<br />

Trigla lyra, 127<br />

Trigla pini, 78, 79<br />

Trigla spp., 168, 197<br />

Trigli<strong>da</strong>e, 78, 127, 132<br />

trigloides, Blennius, 100<br />

trigloides, Lipophrys, 100<br />

trigloides, Paralipophrys, 100

---

Trigloporus lastoviza, 79<br />

Trigonolampa miriceps, 38<br />

tripes, Neolotus, 173<br />

tripletail, 89<br />

triplewart seadevil, 65<br />

tripodfish, 39<br />

tripteronotus, Tripterygion, 99<br />

tripteronotus, Tripterygium, 98<br />

Tripterygii<strong>da</strong>e, 98, 99<br />

Tripterygion delaisi, 99<br />

Tripterygion delaisi delaisi, 98<br />

Tripterygion melanurum, 99<br />

Tripterygion melanurus, 99<br />

Tripterygion tripteronotus, 99<br />

Tripterygium melanurum, 98<br />

Tripterygium nasus, 98<br />

Tripterygium sp., 98<br />

Tripterygium tripteronotus, 98<br />

Tripterygium xanthosoma, 98<br />

tripunctulatus, Valenciennellus, 33<br />

trivirgatus, Saurus, 41<br />

Trochocopus scr<strong>of</strong>a, 96<br />

trombeteiro, 75<br />

tropical two-wing flyingfish, 68<br />

truncata, Ranzania, 116<br />

truncated sunfish, 116<br />

trutta, Centrolabrus, 95<br />

Trygon pastinaca, 15<br />

tubarão, 8<br />

tubarão azul, 9<br />

tubarão baleia, 7<br />

tubarão branco, 10<br />

tubarão frade, 10<br />

tubarão português, 11<br />

tubarão raposo, 10, 118<br />

tubarão tigre, 8<br />

tubarão-martelo, 9<br />

tumidus, Lipactis, 189<br />

tutia, 14<br />

two-spotted clingfish, 102<br />

Tylosurus acus, 67, 126<br />

typhlops, Melamphaes, 69<br />

typus, Rhincodon, 7<br />

U<br />

uja, 15, 16<br />

uje, 15, 16<br />

Uncisudis quadrimaculata, 43<br />

unicolior, Lycodontis, 20<br />

unicolor, Gymnothorax, 19, 20<br />

<strong>Marine</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Azores</strong><br />

unicolor, Lycodontis, 20<br />

unicolor, Muraena, 20<br />

unicolor, Murena, 20<br />

unicolore, Muraena, 20<br />

unicorn filefish, 114<br />

unipennis, Melanonus, 59<br />

Uraleptus Maraldi, 58<br />

urjamanta, 16<br />

Urophycis, 159<br />

Uropterygius atlanticus, 19<br />

Uropterygius grassi, 19<br />

urosema, Leptocephalus, 24<br />

ustulata, Scorpaena, 77<br />

V<br />

Vaillant´s grenadier, 54<br />

vaillanti, Bathophilus, 35<br />

vaillanti, Bathygadus, 55<br />

Vaillanti, Bathygadus, 54<br />

vaillanti, Coelorhinchus, 56<br />

vaillanti, Coelorhynchus, 56<br />

vaillanti, Lophius, 62<br />

valdiviae, Melanostomias, 37<br />

valdiviae, Notolychnus, 50<br />

Valenciennellus tripunctulatus, 33<br />

Vallenciennellus sp., 33<br />

vassali, Parophidion, 53<br />

veja, 97<br />

véja, 97<br />

velvet belly, 13<br />

veranyi, Symbolophorus, 51<br />

verdinho, 62<br />

verdugo, 97<br />

verryckeni, Blennius, 100<br />

Vespertilio, Raja, 16<br />

vetula, Balistes, 131<br />

víbora, 19<br />

villosus, Trachonurus, 58<br />

villosus, Traconurus, 58<br />

Vinciguerria attenuata, 33<br />

Vinciguerria lucetia, 33, 34<br />

Vinciguerria nimbaria, 34<br />

Vinciguerria poweriae, 34<br />

viola, 96<br />

violacea, Dasyatis, 16<br />

violet stingray, 16<br />

vipera, Echiichthys, 98<br />

vipera, Trachinus, 98<br />

viridensi, Sphyraenas, 104<br />

viridensis, Sphyraena, 104<br />

241

---

viridis, Labrus, 160, 185<br />

viúva, 60<br />

viúva do alto, 59<br />

voador, 108<br />

volitans, Dactylopterus, 75<br />

volitans, Exocetus, 68<br />

volitans, Exocoetus, 68<br />

vulgaris, Anguilla, 19, 158<br />

vulgaris, Belone, 67<br />

vulgaris, Box, 90<br />

vulgaris, Conger, 23<br />

vulgaris, Diplodus, 90, 91, 185<br />

vulgaris, Gaidropsarus, 60<br />

vulgaris, Leptocephalus Anguillae, 19<br />

vulgaris, Motella, 61<br />

vulgaris, Pagrus, 92<br />

vulgaris, Sargus, 90, 91<br />

vulgaris, Solea, 112<br />

vulgaris, Sphyraena, 104<br />

vulpes, Alopias, 10<br />

vulpinus, Alopias, 10<br />

242<br />

W<br />

wahoo, 106<br />

warmingii, Ceratoscopelus, 44<br />

waryfish, 40<br />

weever, 98<br />

whale shark, 7<br />

whiffiagonis, Lepidorhombus, 113<br />

whiff-iagonis, Lepidorhombus, 113<br />

white barracudina, 41<br />

white marlin, 109<br />

white sea bream, 90<br />

white shark, 10<br />

white suckerfish, 84<br />

wide-eyed flounder, 112<br />

wreck-fish, 79<br />

Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros<br />

X<br />

xanthosoma, Tripterygium, 98<br />

xaréu, 86<br />

Xenodermichthys copei, 28<br />

Xenodermichthys socialis, 28<br />

Xiphias gladius, 16, 110, 147<br />

Xiphii<strong>da</strong>e, 109, 129<br />

Xyrichthys novacula, 97<br />

Xyrichtys novacula, 97<br />

Y<br />

yellow chumb, 93<br />

yellow sea chub, 93<br />

yellowfin tuna, 108<br />

yellow-fin tunny, 108<br />

yellowmouth barracu<strong>da</strong>, 104<br />

Z<br />

Zaphotias photocephalus, 29<br />

Zei<strong>da</strong>e, 72<br />

Zeiformes, 72, 73<br />

Zenopsis conchifer, 72<br />

Zeus faber, 72<br />

zonata, Seriola, 86<br />

Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, 103<br />

Zu cristatus, 52<br />

Zugmayer´s pearleye, 39<br />

zugmayeri, Melanonus, 59<br />

Zygaena malleus, 9<br />

zygaena, Cestracion, 9<br />

zygaena, Sphyrna, 9<br />

Zygoena zygoena, 9<br />

zygoena, Squalus, 9<br />

zygoena, Zygoena, 9