A Classification of the Recent Elasmobranchii

CLASSIFICATION OF THE 

RECENT ELASMOBRANCHII 

A Classification of the Living Sharks and Rays of the World 

Brian Mould 

Copyright Brian Mould 1997 

1

Superorder: HEXANCHOIDEA 

Order Hexanchiformes 

Superorder: HETERODONTOIDEA 

Order Heterodontiformes 

Superorder: SQUALOIDEA 

Order Squaliformes 

Order Pristiophoriformes 

Order Squatiniformes 

Superorder: GALEOIDEA 

Order Orectolobiformes 

Order Lamniformes 

Order Carcharhiniformes 

Superorder: BATOIDEA 

Order Torpediniformes 

Order Pristiformes 

Order Rhinobatiformes 

Order Rajiformes 

Order Myliobatiformes 

2

Superorder HEXANCHOIDEA 

Order HEXANCHIFORMES 

Family CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE 

(Frilled Sharks; Eel Sharks) 

Genus CHLAMYDOSELACHUS Garman 1884 

Chlamydoselachus GARMAN 1884, type Chlamydoselachus anguineus GARMAN 1884 

Chlamydoselache GUNTHER 1887 (Emendation) 

Chlamydoselachoides FOWLER 1947 type Chlamydoselachus lawleyi DAVIS 

(Fossil ) 

C. ANGUINEUS Garman 1884 Frilled Shark;Eel Shark 

Chlamydoselachus anguineus GARMAN 1884 t/l; Japanese Seas. 

Range; Japan; Norway to Portugal; California. 

FC 00 006001 

C. SP. EBERT S.African Frilled Shark. Sp. dub. 

Chlamydoselachus sp. EBERT t/l; S. Africa. 

Family HEXANCHIDAE 

(Sixgill and Sevengill Sharks) 

Genus HEXANCHUS Rafinesque 1810 

Hexanchus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 

Squalus (Monopterhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 

Notidanus CUVIER 1817 (part), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 

Hexanchias SWAINSON 1838 (Emendation) 

Hexancus AGASSIZ 1846 ( ? lapsus), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 

H. GRISEUS (Bonn) 1788 Sixgill Shark; Cowshark;Requin Griset; Mudshark 

Vacca SCILLA 1759 

Le Griset BROUSSONET 1780 ( Mediterranean) 

Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; Mediterranean 

Squalo SPALLANZANI 1793 ( Italy) 

Le Squale Griset LACEPEDE 1798 

Squalus vacca BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Hexanchus griseus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus (Monopterhinus) colombinus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Notidanus monge RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice, France 

Notidanus sp. dubia POEY 1865 t/l; Cuba 

Hexanchus corinus JORDAN & GILBERT 1880 t/l; Washington; Monterey Bay 

Notidanus vulgaris PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile. 

Hexanchus griseus australis De BUEN 1960 

Range;E. Atlantic & Med. south to Cape Verde Is., Southern Africa but not definitely Cape region. 

New England to Northern Gulf of Mexico. Alaska to Baja California. Hawaii. Japan. Dubious from 

Indonesia. Chile. N. Argentina & S.Brazil. S.E. Aus. N.Z. 

FC 00 005005 

H. NAKAMURAI Teng 1962 Bigeye Sixgill Shark 

Hexanchus griseus nakamurai TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan 

Hexanchus vitulus SPRINGER & WALLER 1969 t/l; Bimini, Bahamas. 

Range; Bahamas; Florida; East Africa; Madagascar;Philippines. 

3

FC 00 005004 

Genus HEPTRANCHIAS Rafinesque 1810 

Heptranchias RAF. 1810, type Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789 

? Squalus (Monopterhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) (? M. ciliaris BLAINVILLE 1816) 

Notidanus CUVIER 1829 ( part ) 

Heptanchus MULLER& HENLE 1841 (emendation) type Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789 

Aellopos AGASSIZ 1843 type Aellopos wagneri AGASSIZ (fossil) 

Heptranchus GRAY 1851 (emendation) 

Notidanion JORDAN 1923 type Notidanus primigenius AGASSIZ (fossil) 

H. PERLO (Bonnaterre) 1788 Narrowhead Sevengill Shark; Perlon 

Le Perlon BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus perlo BONN. 1788 t/l; Mediterranean 

Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789 t/l; Mediterranean 

Le Squale perlon LACEPEDE 1798 

Heptranchias cinereus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

? Squalus (Monopterhinus) ciliaris BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

Notidanus monge var. griseus (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846(name in synonymy) 

Notidanus monge var. albescens (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846 (name in synonymy) 

Notidanus monge var. rubescens (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846 (name in synonymy) 

Heptrancus angio COSTA 1854 t/l; Naples 

Notidanus (Heptrancus) cinereus var. pristiurus (var. aetatis) BELLOTTI 1877 t/l; Med. 

Heptranchias deani JORDAN & STARKS 1901 t/l; Misaki, Japan. 

Heptranchias dakini WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Australia. 

Range; Worldwide in tropical & subtropical seas. 

FC 00 005001 

Genus NOTORHYNCHUS Ayres 1855 

Notorhynchus AYRES 1855, type Notorhynchus maculatus AYRES 1855 ( = Squalus cepedianus 

PERON 1807) 

N. CEPEDIANUS (Peron ) 1807 Broadhead Sevengill Shark 

Squalus cepedianus PERON 1807 t/l; Adventure Bay, Tasmania. 

? Notidanus indicus AGASSIZ 1835 t/l; East Indies. ( teeth ) 

Notorhynchus maculatus AYRES 1855 t/l; California 

Notorhynchus borealis GILL 1864 t/l; Oregon (jaws) 

Heptranchias pectorosus GARMAN 1884 t/l; Patagonia 

Notidanus ferox PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile 

Heptranchias haswelli OGILBY 1897 t/l;" Cape of Good Hope"(?Australia) 

Notidanus medinae PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Cartagena, Chile 

Notidanus wolniczkyi PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Coquimba, Chile 

Notidanus wolniczkii PHILIPPI 1901(emendation) 

Heptranchias spilotus LAHILLE 1913 

Notorhynchus ocellatus DEVINCENZI 1920 t/l; Uruguay 

Notorhynchus macdonaldi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; NSW., Aus. 

Range;S.Aus.; Tasmania; S. Alaska to Baja Caifornia;Peru; Chile; Argentina; S. Brazil;Japan & 

Eastern China; S. Africa . Indian records dubious. 

FC 00 005002 

Species dubiae :- 

Squalus platycephalus TENORE 1809 (nom. nud.) t/l; off Naples, Italy 

Notidanus sp. CUVIER 1829 

4

Superorder HETERODONTOIDEA 

Order HETERODONTIFORMES 

(Bullhead Sharks;Hornsharks) 

Family HETERODONTIDAE 

Genus HETERODONTUS Blainville 1816 

Subgenus HETERODONTUS Blainville 1816 

Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760 (Inadmissible work) Not binomial 

Squalus (Heterodontus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801. 

Monotypic. 

Cestracion CUVIER 1817, type Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801. 

Cestracion OKEN 1817 (Inadmissible work) Refers to Schaeffer 1760, also inadmissible. 

non Cestracion KLEIN 1742, KLEIN 1776, WALBAUM 1792, GILL 1862 and GARMAN 1913 

which equal Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810 ( q.v.) 

? Drepanophorus EGERTON 1872, type Acrodus rugosus AGASSIZ (fossil) 

H. PORTUSJACKSONI (Meyer) 1793 Port Jackson Shark 

Port Jackson Shark PHILLIP 1789 ( Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia ) 

Squalus portus jacksoni MEYER 1793 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia 

Le squale Philipp LACEPEDE 1798 

Squalus jacksoni SUCKOW 1799 t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia 

Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., 

Australia. 

Squalus philippinus SHAW 1804 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia 

? Heterodontus phillipi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) t/l; Australia 

Cestracion heterodontus SHERRARD 1896 t/l;Hobson's Bay,Victoria. 

Cestracion phillippi REGAN 1908 (lapsus) 

Heterodontus bonae-spei OGILBY 1908 t/l; "Table Bay,S. Africa" in error. 

Range; Australia; N.Z. 

FC 00 007001 

Subgenus GYROPLEURODUS Gill 1862 

Gyropleurodus GILL 1862, type Cestracion francisci GIRARD 1854. Monotypic. 

Tropidodus GILL 1862, type Cestracion pantherinus VALENCIENNES 1846 (1855) = Cestracion 

quoyi FREMINVILLE 1840. 

H. QUOYI (Freminville) 1840 Galapagos Bullhead Shark 

Cestracion quoyi FREMINVILLE 1840 t/l; Galapagos Is. 

Cestracion pantherinus VALENCIENNES 1845 

Gyropleurodus peruanus EVERMANN & RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Lobos de Tierra I., Peru 

Range; Galapagos Is.; Peru. 

H. FRANCISCI (Girard) 1854 Horn Shark 

Cestracion francisci GIRARD 1854 t/l; Monterey Bay, California. 

Heterodontus californicus HERALD 1961 (error for francisci) 

Range; Central California to Gulf of California; ?Ecuador. 

H. RAMALHEIRA (J .L.B. Smith) 1949 Whitespotted Bullhead Shark 

Gyropleurodus ramalheira J.L.B.SMITH 1949 t/l; Imhambane,Mozambique. 

Range;S. Mozambique and Natal and off S.E.Arabia. 

5

H. MEXICANUS Taylor & Castro-Aguirre 1972 Mexican Hornshark 

Heterodontus mexicanus TAYLOR & CASTRO-AGUIRRE 1972 t/l; Ceiro 

Colorado,Sonora,Mexico. 

Range; Gulf of California, probably south to Peru. 

Subgenus MOLOCHOPHRYS Whitley 1931 

Molochophrys WHITLEY 1931, type Cestracion galeatus GUNTHER 1870 

H. GALEATUS (Gunther) 1870 Crested Bullhead Shark 

Cestracion galeatus GUNTHER 1870 t/l;N.S.W., Australia 

Range; N.S.W. and Queensland, Australia. 

FC 00 007003 

Subgenus WUIA Fowler 1934 

Centracion GRAY 1831 (emended variant spelling of Cestracion) , type Centracion zebra GRAY 

1831. Monotypic. 

Wuia FOWLER 1934, type Centracion zebra GRAY 1831. 

H. ZEBRA (Gray) 1831 Zebra Bullhead Shark 

Centracion zebra GRAY 1831 t/l; Swatow, China. 

? Cestracion philippi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) (Australia) 

Cestracion phillipi var. zebra MARTENS 1876 (Nagasaki) 

Cestracion amboinensis REGAN 1906 t/l; Amboina 

Range; Southern Japan;Eastern China to Indo-China. Celebes. N. Australia. 

DC 00 007002 

H. JAPONICUS (Maclay & Macleay) 1884 Japanese Bullhead Shark 

? Heterodontus philippi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) (Japan) 

Cestracion philippi MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801) (Japan) Not the 

"New Holland" example, which is portusjacksoni 

Heterodontus phillippi BREVOORT 1856 (Simola) 

Cestracion japonicus MACLAY & MACLEAY 1884 t/l; Tokyo, Japan. 

Range; Japan; Korea; China. 

Heterodontus undescribed species 

Heterodontus sp. MEE Oman Bullhead Shark 

6

Superorder SQUALOIDEA 

Order SQUALIFORMES 

Family SQUALIDAE 

(Spiny Dogfish;Spurdogs) 

Genus SQUALUS Linn. 1758 

Squalus LINN. 1758 type Squalus acanthias LINN.1758 

Squallus SCOPOLI 1777 type Squalus acanthias LINN.1758 

Squalis RADERMAKER 1779 

Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) incl. Squalus acanthias LINN.1758 

Spinax CUVIER 1817 (part) 

Acanthias LEACH 1818 (nom. nud.) 

Acanthias RISSO 1826 type Acanthias vulgaris 1826 = Squalus acanthias LINN. 1758 

Carcharias GISTEL 1848( non RAF.) to replace Acanthias RISSO 1826 

Centrophorides DAVIS 1887 type Centrophorides latidens DAVIS 1887( fossil ) 

Squalus (Flakeus) WHITLEY 1939 type Squalus megalops MACLEAY 

Squalus (Koinga) WHITLEY 1939 type Squalus griffini PHILLIPS ( = Squalus mitsukurii ) 

S. ACANTHIAS Linn. 1758 White-spotted Spurdog 

Akanthias galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium VI c. 10, IX c. 37 

Mustelus spinax BELON 1553 (not LINNAEUS 1758 = Etmopterus) 

Galeus acanthias ROND. 1554 

Stachdhund GESNER 1558 

Squalus sp. no. 1 ARTEDI 1738 

Squalus sp. no. 3 ARTEDI 1738 

Squalus acanthias LINNAEUS 1754 Mus. Idol. Frid. p. 53 

Squalus acanthias LINNAEUS 1758 ("Oceano Europaeo") 

Picked Dog BROOKES 1763 

Spinax DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work) 

Piked Dog BROOKES 1772 

Piked Dogfish PENNANT 1776 t/l; Cornwall, England. 

L'Aiguillet BROUSSONET 1780 (Mediterranean, Atlantic & Scotland) 

Squalus spinax OLAVIUS 1780 (Iceland) 

Squalus fernandinus MOLINA 1782 t/l;Chile 

Squale aiguillet LACEPEDE 1798 

Acanthorhinus ferdinandinus BLAINVILLE 1816 (lapsus for fernandinus) 

Acanthias antiquorum LEACH 1818 (n. nud.) 

Acanthias vulgaris RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice 

Acanthias americanus STORER 1846 New York to Labrador 

Spinax fernandezianus GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile 

Spinax mediterraneus GISTEL 1848 t/l; Mediterranean 

Spinax (Acanthias) suckleyi GIRARD 1854 t/l; Puget Sound, Washington 

Acanthias sucklii GIRARD 1858 (emendation) 

Acanthias linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Goteberg, Sweden 

Acanthias lebruni VAILLANT 1888 t/l; Straits of Magellan 

Acanthias commun NAVARETTE 1898 

Squalus mitsukurii TANAKA 1917 (non JORD. & FWLR. 1903) 

Squalus wakiyae TANAKA 1918 t/l; Japan 

Squalus kirki PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; New Zealand 

7

Squalus whitleyi PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; Victoria, Australia 

Squalus barbouri HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; Havana, Cuba 

Squalus acanthias africana MYAGKOV & KONDYURIN 1986 (southeast Atlantic) 

Spurdog; Piked Dogfish; Spiny Dog; Speerdog; Bone Dog; Skittledog; 

Hoe; Cu-maire (= Sea Dog); Gobag; Ci-pigog; Doorhael. 

Ra: Iceland and Norway to Mediterranean; Labrador to Cuba; W. coast of South Africa; Washington 

to Alaska round to Japan; temperate Australia; New Zealand; Chile to Straits of Magellan. Temperate 

seas worldwide. FC 00 020008 

S. BLAINVILLE (Risso) 1826 Longnose Spurdog 

Acanthias blainville RISSO 1826 t/l;Nice, France 

Spinax blainvillii BONAPARTE 1834 (emendation) t/l; Italy 

Squalus blainvillei GRIFFINI 1903 (emendation) 

Ra: Mediterranean and Black Sea; Canaries; Portugal; tropical & subtropical east Atlantic. 

S. MEGALOPS (Macleay) 1881 Shortnose Spurdog 

Acanthias megalops MACLEAY 188 t/l; Pt. Jackson; NSW 

? Squalus acutipinnis REGAN 1908 t/l; Table Bay, South Africa 

Squalus tasmaniensis HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l;Tasmania 

Ra: ; Queensland to S. & W. Aus.; Tasmania; Japan. ( ?South Africa) 

FC 00 020006 

S. MITSUKURII Jordan & Fowler 1903 Shortspine Spurdog;Greeneye Spurdog 

Squalus mitsukurii JORDAN & FOWLER t/l; 1903 t/l; Misaki, Japan 

Squalus philippinus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 (non SHAW 1804) t/l; off Luzon, Philippines. 

Squalus montalbani WHITLEY 1931 (nom. nov. for philippinus S & R, preocc.) 

? Squalus griffini PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand 

Ra: Japan to Philippines. Queensland to N.W. Australia via southern Australia & Tasmania. ?N.Z. 

FC 00 020007 

S. JAPONICUS Ishikawa 1908 Japanese Spurdog 

Squalus japonicus ISHIKAWA 1908 t/l; Kagoshima, Japan 

Ra: Japan 

S. BREVIROSTRIS Tanaka 1912 Japanese Shortnose Spurdog 

Squalus brevirostris TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo market (from Shimonoseki) 

Ra; Japan. 

S. CUBENSIS Howell - Rivero 1936 Cuban Spurdog 

Galludo PARRA 1787 

Squalus cubensis HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; Havana, Cuba 

Ra: off Havana and Matanzas, Cuba 

S. ASPER Merrett 1973 Roughskin Spurdog 

Squalus asper MERRETT 1973 t/l; Aldabra I.,S.W.Indian Ocean. 

Ra: Western Indian Ocean; Gulf of Mexico; widespread in deep water 

S. MELANURUS Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Blacktailed Spurdog 

Squalus melanurus FOURMANOIR & RIVATON 1979 t/l;New Caledonia 

Ra: New Hebrides; New Caledonia 

S. RANCURELI Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Cyrano Spurdog 

Squalus rancureli FOURMANOIR et. al. 1979 t/l; New Hebrides. 

Range; New Hebrides;New Caledonia. 

S. ACUTIROSTRIS Chu,Meng & Li 1984 

Squalus acutirostris CHU, MENG & LI 1984 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range; South China Sea. 

8

S. PROBATOVI Myagkov & Kondyurin 1986 Cunene Spurdog 

Squalus probatovi MYAGKOV & KONDYURIN 1986 t/l; S.E. Atlantic. 

Range; S.E. Atlantic. 

Squalus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Bartail Spurdog 

Range; off Queensland between Cairns& Rockhampton 

FC 00 020037 

Squalus sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Highfin Spurdog 

Range;Upper Continental Slope off Queensland 

FC 00 020038 

Squalus sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Western Highfin Spurdog 

Range;Slope off Western Australia 

FC 00 020018 

Squalus sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Fatspine Spurdog 

Range;Upper slope off NW Australia 

FC 00 020039 

Squalus sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 Western Longnose Spurdog 

Range;Slope off Western Australia Scott Reef to Perth. 

FC 00 020040 

Squalus sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Longnose Spurdog 

Range;Slope, Queensland. Cape York to Rockhampton. 

FC 00 020041 

Genus CENTROPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837 

Gulper Sharks 

Subgenus CENTROPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837 

? Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) incl. infernus = uyato. 

Centrophorus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus granulosus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Entoxychirus GILL 1862, type Squalus uyato RAFINESQUE 1810 

Atractophorus GILCHRIST 1922, type Atractophorus armatus GILCHRIST 1922 

Gaboa WHITLEY 1940, type Centrophorus harrissoni McCULLOCH 1915 

C. GRANULOSUS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Granulated Gulper Shark; Longnose Gulper 

Shark; Dumb Gulper Shark 

Squalus granulosus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 No type loc. Holotype apparently lost. 

Centrophorus bragancae REGAN 1906 t/l; Cecimbra, Portugal. 

Centrophorus tessellatus GARMAN 1906 t/l; 35 N., 139 30 E.,east of Japan in 400 fthms. 

Centrophorus atromarginatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Suruga Bay, Japan. 

Centrophorus machequensis MAUL 1955 t/l; Madeira 

Range; Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean, Madeira and Eastern Atlantic to Zaire; Natal to Northern 

Madagascar; Southern Japan to South China Sea; S. Australia; Hawaii; Gulf of Mexico. 

Australian FC 00 020023 

C. UYATO (Rafinesque) 1810 Little Gulper Shark; Harrisson's Deepsea Dogfish 

Squalus uyato RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus uyatus RAFINESQUE 1810 

? Squalus (Acanthorhinus) infernus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

Squalus infernus BLAINVILLE 1825 t/l; Mediterranean 

Acanthias nigrescens NARDO 1860 t/l; Italy 

Centrophorus harrissoni McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; near Cabo I., Victoria, Australia 

Centrophorus ujato TORTONESE 1956 (lapsus) 

9

Centrophorus niaukang TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan. 

Centrophorus armatus barbatus TENG 1962 t/l; East China Sea. 

Range; Western Mediterranean to Namibia; Mozambique; S.E. Australia; East China Sea. 

Australian FC 00 020010 (harrissoni) 

Australian FC 00 020011 (uyato) 

C. MOLUCCENSIS Bleeker 1860 Smallfin Gulper Shark; Endeavour Dogfish 

Centrophorus moluccensis BLEEKER 1860 t/l; Amboina, Moluccas. 

Centrophorus scalpratus McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; Victoria, Australia. 

Atractophorus armatus GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Africa. 

Range; ;Moluccas; Southern Africa from Natal to Mozambique. S. E. Australia. New Hebrides. 

New Caledonia. 

FC 00 020001 

C. LUSITANICUS Bocage & Capello 1964 Lowfin Gulper Shark 

Centrophorus lusitanicus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal 

? Centrophorus ferrugineus CHU, MENG & HU 1982 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range; Eastern Atlantic; Southeast Africa; Taiwan; ? South China Sea 

Subgenus Lepidorhinus BONAPARTE 1838 

Lepidorhinus BONAPARTE 1838, type Squalus squamosus BONNATERRE 1788 

Machephilus JOHNSON 1867, type Machephilus dumerili JOHNSON 1867 

Somnispinax WHITLEY 1940, type Centrophorus nilssoni THOMPSON 1930. 

Enchiridiodon J.L.B. SMITH 1967, type Enchiridiodon hendersoni J.L.B. SMITH 1967 

C. SQUAMOSUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Leafscale Gulper Shark 

L' ecailleux BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus squamosus BONNATERRE 1788 

Machephilus dumerili JOHNSON 1867 

Centrophorus foliaceus GUNTHER 1877 t/l; Inosima, Japan. 

Centrophorus acus GARMAN 1906 t/l; Japan. 

Centrophorus steindachneri PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; Japan 

? Lepidorhinus kinbei TANAKA (?date) ?Japan. 

? Centrophorus drygalskii ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Japan 

Centroscymnus fuscus GILCHRIST & VON BONDE 1924 t/l; S. Africa. 

Centrophorus nilssoni THOMPSON 1930 t/l; off Kaikoura, N.Z. 

Enchiridiodon hendersoni J.L.B. SMITH 1967 t/l; Algoa Bay, South Africa. 

Range; Eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Senegambia; S. Africa; S. Japan; Philippines; 

S.E.Australia; New Zealand; North of Madagascar. Northern Gulf of Mexico 

FC 00 020009 

UNPLACED 

Centrophorus squaloideus ENGELHARDT 1913 (n.nud.) 

Pseudocentrophorus CHU, MENG & LU 1981, gen. nov. type Pseudocentrophorus isodon CHU, 

MENG & LU 1981 sp. nov. Blackfin Gulper Shark t/l; South China Sea. 

Centrophorus robustus DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1985 t/l; East China Sea. 

Centrophorus sp. SERET New Caledonia. 

10

Genus DEANIA Jordan & Snyder 1902 

(Longnose Dogfish) 

Subgenus DEANIA Jordan & Snyder 1902 

Acanthidium LOWE 1839 (In part) included A. calceus LOWE. 

Deania JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 type Deania eglanteria JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 

Deaniops WHITLEY 1932, type Acanthidium quadrispinosum McCULLOCH 1915 

D. CALCEA (Lowe) 1839 Birdbeak Dogfish;Shovelnose Spiny Dogfish;Thompson's deepsea 

dogfish (kaikourae);"Dorian Grey" 

Acanthidium calceum LOWE 1839 t/l; Madeira (No type material) 

Centrophorus crepidalbus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal. 

Deania eglantina JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 t/l; Totomi Bay, Japan. 

Acanthidium rostratum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Suruga Gulf, Japan. 

Acanthidium aciculatum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan. 

Centrophorus kaikourae WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Off Kaikoura, New Zealand 

Deania calcea BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1957 

Range; Noth Eastern Atlantic; Namibia to Algoa Bay,S.Africa;Japan; New Zealand. 

FC 00 020003 

D. HYSTRICOSA (Garman) 1906 Rough Longnose Dogfish 

Acanthidium hystricosum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan. 

Deania mauli CADENAT 1983 t/l; Madeira. 

Range;Japan;Madeira. 

D. QUADRISPINOSA (McCulloch) 1915 Longsnout Dogfish 

Acanthidium quadrispinosum McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; Gabo I.,Gt. Australian Bight and Victoria, 

Australia. 

Range; S.Australia;Victoria, Aus.; South Africa from Namibia to S.Mozambique. 

FC 00 020004 

Subgenus NASISQUALUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912 

Nasisqualus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Nasisqualus profundorum SMITH & RADCLIFFE 

1912. 

D. PROFUNDORUM (Smith & Radcliffe) 1912 Arrowhead Dogfish 

Nasisqualus profundorum SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Between Leyte & Mindanao, 

Philippines.736 - 976 fthms. 

Acanthidium natalense GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Natal, S.Africa. 

Deania elegans SPRINGER 1959 t/l; Cape Fear,North Carolina. 

Deania cremouxi CADENAT 1960 t/l; Senegal. W.Africa. 

Range; Both sides of the Atlantic & Western Pacific Oceans. 

Genus CIRRHIGALEUS Tanaka 1912 

Cirrhigaleus TANAKA 1912, type Cirrhigaleus barbifer TANAKA 1912 

Phaenopogon HERRE 1935, type Phaenopogon barbulifer HERRE 1935 

C. BARBIFER Tanaka 1912 Mandarin Dogfish 

Cirrhigaleus barbifer TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo Market. From S.E.Honshu, Japan. 

Phaenopogon barbulifer HERRE 1935 t/l; Japan. 

Range; Japan; S.E.Australia; N.Z. 

FC 00 020026 

11

Family ETMOPTERIIDAE 

(Lantern Sharks) 

Genus ETMOPTERUS Rafiesque 1810 

Subgenus ETMOPTERUS Rafiesque 1810 

Etmopterus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Etmopterus aculeatus RAF.1810 = Squalus spinax LINN. 

1758 

Squalus (Spinax) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus spinax LINN. 1758 

Acanthias RISSO 1826 (part ) incl. spinax. 

Centrina LOWE 1833 (part),type Centrina nigra LOWE = Squalus spinax LINN. 

Etmopterus spinax group 

E. SPINAX (Linn.) 1758 Spinax; Velvet belly Dogfish 

Galeus acanthias seu Spinax fuscus : Genuae, Sagree WILLUGHBY 1686 

Squalus sp. 4 (pinna ani carens; naribus in extremo rostro) ARTEDI 1738 

Squalus spinax LINNAEUS 1746 Fauna Svec. p.107 

Squalus spinax LINNAEUS 1758 Syst. nat. 1.p. 233 t/l;Oceano Europaeo 

Squalus niger GUNNERUS 1762 t/l; Norway (Trondheim) 

Le blaataske ASCANIUS 1777 

Le sagre BROUSSONET 1780 

Le squale sagre LACEPEDE 1798 

Etmopterus aculeatus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Spinax gunneri REINHARDT 1828 t/l; Iceland 

? Spinax vitalinus DE LA PYLAIE 1835 

Spinax linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Sweden 

Range; North East Atlantic & Med. 

E. PRINCEPS Collett 1904 Great Lanternshark 

Etmopterus princeps COLLETT 1904 t/l; Faroe Channel, 750 - 1200 metres 

Range; N.E. Atlantic. 

E. UNICOLOR (Engelhardt) 1912 Brown Lanternshark 

Spinax unicolor ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Honshu, Japan. 

Range; Honshu, Japan. 

E. BAXTERI Garrick 1957 New Zealand Lanternshark 

Etmopterus baxteri GARRICK 1957 t/l;South of Kaiakoura, N.Z. 

Range; N.Z. 

Etmopterus hillianus group 

E. HILLIANUS (Poey) 1861 Broadband Lanternshark 

Spinax hillianus POEY 1861 t/l; Havana, Cuba. 

12

Etmopterus polli BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; N. Angola,West Africa. 

Etmopterus gracilispinis KREFFT 1968 t/l; Continental shelf off Uruguay 

Range; Western Atlantic from Chesapeake Bay to Uruguay. Eastern South Atlantic. 

E. VIRENS Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer 1953 Green Lanternshark 

Etmopterus virens BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; Northern Gulf of Mexico. 

Range;Northern Gulf of Mexico. 

E. SCHULTZI Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer 1953 Fringefin Lanternshark 

Etmopterus schultzi BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l;Northern Gulf of Mexico. 

Range; Northern Gulf of Mexico. 

Etmopterus granulosus group 

E. GRANULOSUS (Gunther) 1880 Southern Lanternshark 

Spinax granulosus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Southwest South America 

Range; Southern Argentina & Chile; Tasmania 

FC 00 020021 

E. LUCIFER Jordan & Snyder 1902 Blackbelly Lantershark 

Etmopterus lucifer JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 t/l; Misaki, Japan. 

Etmopterus brachyurus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; 6 N., 120 E.,off Jolo, Philippines. 

Acanthidium molleri WHITLEY 1939 t/l; N.S.W., Australia. 

Etmopterus abernethyi GARRICK 1957 t/l; New Zealand. 

Range; Japan; Philippines; Southern half of Australia; N.Z. 

Australian fishcodes 00 020005 (lucifer) ; 00 020032 (brachyurus) ; 00 020033 (molleri) 

E. VILLOSUS Gilbert 1905 Lined Lanternshark 

Etmopterus villosus GILBERT 1905 t/l; Molokai, Hawaii. 

Etmopterus bullisi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1957 t/l; N.E.coast of Florida. 

Range; Hawaiian Is. Western N.Atlantic, N. Carolina to Caribbaean 

E. DECACUSPIDATUS Chan 1966 Combtooth Lanternshark 

Etmopterus decacuspidatus CHAN 1966 t/l; Hainan, China. 

Range; Hainan 

Etmopterus sentosus group 

E. SENTOSUS Bass 1976 Thorny Lanternshark 

Etmopterus sentosus BASS 1976 t/l;Natal Basin;Bazaruto I., Mozambique 

Range; Natal Basin;Bazaruto I., Mozambique 

Subgenus ACANTHIDIUM Lowe 1839 

Acanthidium LOWE 1839, type Acanthidium pusillum LOWE 1839 

E. PUSILLUS (Lowe ) 1839 Smooth Lanternshark; Slender 

Lanternshark 

Centrina nigra LOWE 1843 (non CUVIER) t/l; Madeira 

Acanthidium pusillum LOWE 1839 t/l; Madeira 

? Etmopterus frontimaculatus PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; Sagami Sea, Japan 

13

Range; N.E. Atlantic; Japan; Tasmania; Central N.S.W.,Aus. 

FC 00 020015 

Genus Etmopterus unplaced 

Etmopterus carteri SPRINGER & BURGESS 1985 t/l; Caribbaean coast of Colombia. 

Etmopterus perryi SPRINGER & BURGESS 1985 t/l; Caribbaean coast of Colombia. 

Etmopterus schmidti DOLGANEV 1986 t/l; N.W.Pacific. 

Etmopterus tasmaniensis MYAGKOV & PAVLOV 1986 t/l;Tasmania 

Etmopterus splendidus YANO 1987 t/l; Japan. 

Etmopterus compagnoi FRICKE & KOCH 1990 t/l; Cape Basin, South Africa. 

Etmopterus litvinovi PARIN & KOTLYAR 1990 t/l; Eastern Pacific 

Etmopterus pycnolepis PARIN & KOTLYAR 1990 t/l; Eastern Pacific 

Etmopterus bigelowi SHIRAI & TACHIKAWA 1993 t/l; 

Etmopterus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Abrolhos Is. to Sunbury, W. Aus.;Sydney, N.S.W. to 

Tasmania. ? Synonym of E. bigelowi SHIRAI & TACHIKAWA. Australian fishcode 00 020027 

Etmopterus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Perth. W.Aus. to Taree, NSW. FC 00 020022 

Etmopterus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 off Broome, Western Aus. ? Synonym of E. 

splendidus YANO 1987 Australian fishcode 00 020028 

Etmopterus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Cairns,N. Queensland. Australian fishcode 00 

020029 

Etmopterus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Rowley Shoals & Ashmore Reef, W. Aus. Australian 

fishcode 00 020030 

Etmopterus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993 Between Cairns & Rockhampton, North Queensland. 

Australian fishcode 00 020031 

Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO Guadalupe, Lesser Antilles. 

Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO Chile 

Etmopterus sp. cf. princeps COMPAGNO Inaccessible Island 

Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT Sculpted Lantern Shark S. Africa. 

Etmopterus sp. cf. granulosus or baxteri COMPAGNO & EBERT Southern Africa. 

Genus CENTROSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841 

Subgenus CENTROSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841 

Centroscyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841, type Spinax fabricii REINHARDT 1825 

C. FABRICII (Reinhardt) 1825 Black Dogfish 

Squalus acanthias FABRICI 1780 (non LINN. 1758) t/l; Julianahaab, West Greenland. 

14

Spinax fabricii REINHARDT 1825 t/l; West Greenland 

Range; North Atlantic from Davis Strait, West Greenland; Iceland;Faroes;Newfoundland. Below 150 

fthms. 

C. GRANULATUM Gunther 1887 Granular Dogfish 

Centroscyllium granulatum GUNTHER 1887 t/l;Port Stanley, Falkland Is. in 448 metres. 

Range;Off Southern South America. 

C. NIGRUM Garman 1899 Combtooth Dogfish 

Centroscyllium nigrum GARMAN 1899 t/l; Between 6&7 degrees N. and 81 & 82 degrees 

W.,Eastern Pacific, off Panama in 546 - 555 fthms. 

Centroscyllium ruscosum GILBERT 1905 t/l; Kauai, Hawaiian Is. 

Range; Panama;Galapagos Is.;Cocos I.;Peru;Hawaiaan Is. 

C. RITTERI Jordan & Fowler 1903 Whitefin Dogfish 

Centroscyllium ritteri JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Misaki, Japan. 

Range; Japan. 

C. KAMOHARAI Abe 1966 Bareskin Dogfish 

Centroscyllium kamoharai ABE 1966 t/l;off Yaizo,Suruga Bay,Honshu, Japan. 

Range; Japan; Australia FC 00 020024 

C. EXCELSUM Shirai & Nakaya 1990 Highfin Dogfish 

Centroscyllium excelsum SHIRAI & NAKAYA 1990 t/l; Emperor Seamont Chain, N.W.Pacific. 

Subgenus PARACENTROSCYLLIUM Alcock 1889 

Paracentroscyllium ALCOCK 1889, type Paracentroscyllium ornatum ALCOCK 1889 

C. ORNATUM (Alcock) 1889 Ornate Dogfish 

Paracentroscyllium ornatum ALCOCK 1889 t/l; Bay of Bengal 

Range; Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. 

Genus ACULEOLA De Buen 1959 

Aculeola DE BUEN 1959, type Aculeola nigra DE BUEN 1959 

A. NIGRA (De Buen) 1959 Hooktooth Dogfish 

Aculeola nigra DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Concon,Chile. 

Range; Argentina; Chile; Peru. 

Genus MICROSCYLLIUM Shirai & Nakaya 1990 

Microscyllium SHIRAI & NAKAYA 1990,type Centroscyllium sheikoi DOLGANEV 1986 

M. SHEIKOI (Dolganev) 1986 Rasptooth Dogfish 

Centroscyllium sheikoi DOLGANEV 1986 t/l; N.W.Pacific. 

Range;N.W.Pacific. 

Genus TRIGONOGNATHUS Mochizuki & Ohe 1990 

Trigonognathus MOCHIZUKI & OHE 1990, type Trigonognathus kabeyai MOCHIZUKI & OHE 

1990 

T. KABEYAI Mochizuki & Ohe 1990 Viper Dogfish 

Trigonognathus kabeyai MOCHIZUKI & OHE 1990 t/l; Japan. 

Range;Japan. 

Family DALATIIDAE 

(Kitefin Sharks) 

Genus DALATIAS Rafinesque 1810 

15

Dalatias RAFINESQUE 1810 type, Dalatias sparophagus RAFINESQUE 1810 

(unidentifiable). Dalatias nocturnus RAFINESQUE 1810 also listed 

Scymnus CUVIER 1817, type Squalus americanus GM 1789 = Squalus licha 

BONN. 1788 (Preocc. in Insecta) 

Scimnus S.D.W. 1837 (error) 

Scymnium CUVIER 1839-43, type Squalus niacensis RISSO 1810 

Dalatius AGASSIZ 1845 (emend.) 

Scymnorhinus BONAPARTE 1846, type S. lichia BONAPARTE = licha BONNATERRE 1788 ( See 

Hureau & Monod 1973, for use of this name in preference to Dalatias. They regaard sparophagus as 

unidentifiable) 

Barbarodus GISTEL 1848 (to replace Scymnorhinus) 

Pseudoscymnus HERRE 1935 type P. boshuensis HERRE 

D. LICHA (Bonn.) 1788 "Darkie Charlie";Seal Shark; "Liche";Kitefin Shark;Black Shark 

Le liche BROUSSONET 1780 (Cape Breton, France) 

Squalus licha BONN 1788( Le cap Breton, S.France) 

Squalus americanus GMELIN 1789 

Le Squale liche LAC. 1798 (Cape Breton, France) 

Squalus nicaensis RISSO 1810 t/l;Nice, France 

? Dalatias sparophagus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

? Dalatias nocturnus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Scymnus vulgaris CLOQUET 1822 

Squalus scymnus VOIGT 1832 ( in CUVIER) 

? Scymnus aquitanensis DE LA PYLAIE 1835 

Scymnorhinus phillippsi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; S.Aus. 

Pseudoscymnus boshuensis HERRE 1935 t/l; Boshu, Sagami Bay, Japan. 

Scymnorhinus brevipinnis J.L.B. SMITH 1936 t/l; Cape Recife, S. Africa. 

Dalatias tachiensis SHEN & TING 1972 t/l; Tachi, Taiwan. 

Range;East Atlantic;Irish Atlantic Slope to Rio de Oro. Western Med. 

One record for W.Atlantic.Japan. Taiwan. S. Africa. Australia. 

FC 00 020002 

Genus ISISTIUS Gill 1864 

Scymnus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (part, non CUVIER 1817), type Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY & 

GAIMARD 1824 

Dalatias GRAY 1851 (part, non RAF. 1810). 

Isistius GILL 1864, type Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 

Leius KNER 1865, type Leius ferox QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 = Scymnus brasiliensis. 

I. BRASILIENSIS (Quoy & Gaimard ) 1824. Cookiecutter Shark; Cigar Shark. 

Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Brazil. 

Squalus (Scymnus) fulgens BENNETT 1840 t/l;Christmas I.,Tropical Pacific (2.5 degrees S., 163 

deg. W.,and 55 deg.N.,110 deg. W. according to Bennett,the second definitely in error as it is a 

terrestrial location.) 

Scymnus (Scymnus) brasiliensis var. torquatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (no loc. Cape Verde 

according to Dumeril 1861) 

Scymnus (Scymnus) brasiliensis var. unicolor MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Mauritius. 

Leius ferox KNER 1865 t/l; Australia. 

Range;Tropical Atlantic; Mauritius;Australia;Hawaii. 

16

FC 00 020014 

I. PLUTODUS Garrick & Springer 1964 Largetooth Cookiecutter Shark 

Isistius plutodus GARRICK & SPRINGER 1964 t/l; Gulf of Mexico. 

Range;Tropical West Atlantic;Japan. 

I. LABIALIS Meng, Chu & Li 1985 

Isistius labialis MENG, CHU &LI 1985 t/l;S.China Sea. 


Genus EUPROTOMICRUS Gill 1864 

Scymnus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (part) , type Scymnus bispinatus Q.&G. 1824 

Euprotomicrus GILL 1864, type Scymnus (Laemargus) labordii MULLER & HENLE 1839 

E. BISPINATUS (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) Pygmy Shark 

Leiche laborde QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 

Scymnus bispinatus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Mauritius. 

Scymnus mauritianus QUOY & GAIMARD 1830 t/l; Mauritius. 

Scymnus (Laemargus) labordii MULLER & HENLE 1839 (Mauritius; Bourbon) 

Euprotomicrus hyalinus EIGENMANN 1891 t/l; Between San Francisco & Honolulu. 

Range; Mauritius; Bourbon I., Indian Ocean;Western Australia; New Zealand;Eastern Pacific; S. 

Atlantic. 

FC 00 020034 

Genus SQUALIOLUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912 

Squaliolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Squaliolus laticaudus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 

S. LATICAUDUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912 Spined Pygmy Shark 

Squaliolus laticaudus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Batangas Bay, Luzon, Philippines.13 42 N., 

120 57 E., in 170 fms. 

Squaliolus sarmenti NORONHA 1926 t/l; Madeira 

Range;Offshore & oceanic in tropical deep waters worldwide.Recently recorded from Biscay. 

S. ALIAE Teng 1959 Smalleye Pygmy Shark 

Squaliolus aliae TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan 

Range; Taiwan 

FC 00 020017 

Genus HETEROSCYMNOIDES Fowler 1934 

Heteroscymnoides FOWLER 1934, type Heteroscymnoides marleyi FOWLER 1934 

H. MARLEYI (Fowler) 1934 Longnose Pygmy Shark 

Heteroscymnoides marleyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Point Ocean Beach,Natal. 

Heteroscymnus longus FOWLER 1925 ( non TANAKA) 

Range;South Africa. 

Genus EUPROTOMICROIDES Hulley & Penrith 1966 

Euprotomicroides HULLEY & PENRITH 1966 type Euprotomicroides zantedeschia HULLEY & 

PENRITH 1966 

E. ZANTEDESCHIA Hulley & Penrith 1966 Taillight Shark 

Euprotomicroides zantedeschia HULLEY & PENRITH 1966 t/l; West of Capetown, South Africa. 

Range; West of Capetown, South Africa. Second specimen from off Uruguay (1980). In oceanic 

17

waters. 

Genus MOLLISQUAMA Dolganev 1984 

Mollisquama DOLGANEV 1984,type Mollisquama parini DOLGANEV 1984 

M. PARINI Dolganev 1984 Pocket Shark 

Mollisquama parini DOLGANEV 1984 t/l; Naska submarine ridge, Eastern Pacific. 

Range;Naska submarine ridge, Eastern Pacific. 

Family SOMNIOSIDAE 

(Sleeper Sharks) 

Genus SOMNIOSUS Lesueur 1818 

Subgenus SOMNIOSUS Lesueur 1818 

Squalus GUNN 1765 (non LINNAEUS) for Squalus carcharias GUNN (non LINNAEUS) 

Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) for Squalus (Acanthorhinus) norvegianus 

BLAINVILLE 1816 

Somniosus LeSUEUR 1818 type; S. brevipinna LeSUEUR = microcephalus BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Scymnus FLEMING 1828 (pt.) for Scymnus borealis FLEMING = borealis SCORESBY 

Scymnus (Laemargus) MULLER & HENLE 1837 type; Scymnus borealis FLEMING = Scymnus 

borealis SCORESBY 

Somnolentus SWAINSON 1839 

Leiodon WOOD 1846, type; Scymnus echinatum WOOD 1846 

Dalatias (Somniosus) GRAY 1851 (non RAFINESQUE) type; Scymnus (Laemargus) borealis 

MULLER & HENLE 

S. MICROCEPHALUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Greenland Shark; Gurry Shark; Sleeper Shark 

Haa-skierding GUNNERUS 1763 t/l; Trondheim, Norway. 

Squalus norvegicus GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work) (Norway) 

Squalus carcharias GUNNERUS 1765 (non LINN. = Carcharodon) (Norway 

Haa-kiaerringen ROSTED 1788 (Norway 

Squalus microcephalus BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Arctic Seas. 

Squalus squatina PALLAS 1814 (non LINN.) t/l; White & Arctic Seas. 

Squalus (Acanthorhinus) norvegianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud) 

Squalus (Somniosus) brevipinna LESUEUR 1818 t/l; Massachusetts. 

Squalus borealis SCORESBY 1820 t/l; Spitzbergen. 

Scymnus gunneri THIENEMANN 1828 

Scynmus glacialis FABER 1829 t/l; Iceland 

Scymnus micropterus VALENC. 1832 t/l; Seine Estuary 

Greenland Shark YARRELL 1836 

Leiodon echinatum WOOD 1846 t/l; Portland, Maine. 

Squalus norvegicus GRAY 1854 t/l; Bjorn I., Norway. 

? Somniosus antarcticus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; MacQuarie I. Sub-antarctic. 

Range;Arctic Atlantic;south to North Sea & Portugal in the east & to Cape Cod in the west; S. Africa 

18

; Kerguelen; ? MacQuarie I. Sub-antarctic. 

S. PACIFICUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1944 Salmon Shark;Pacific Sleeper Shark 

Somniosus pacificus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; Sagami Sea, Japan. 

Range; North Pacific from S.E. Alaska to Japan. Bering Strait.Occasionally south to Puget Sound & 

California. Australia. 

FC 00 020036 

S. sp. QUERO 1976 

Somniosus sp. (QUERO 1976) [COMPAGNO 1984] Longnose Sleeper Shark. An unnamed longsnouted 

sp. from the Eastern Atlantic. Specimen in Bocage Museum, Lisbon, destroyed. 

Subgenus RHINOSCYMNUS Gill 1865 

Rhinoscymnus GILL 1865, type Scymnus rostratus RISSO 1826 

Heteroscymnus TANAKA 1912, type Heteroscymnus longus TANAKA 1912 

Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) QUERO 1975, type Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) bauchotae QUERO 

1975 

S. ROSTRATUS (Risso) 1810 Little Sleeper 

Shark. 

Scymnus rostratus RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.Mediterranean, deep water. 

Heteroscymnus longus TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo Market, Japan. 

Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) bauchotae QUERO 1975 t/l; Bay of Biscay,46 50 N., 5 10 W. 

Range; Mediterranean, deep water. Bay of Biscay. ?Portugal; Japan. 

Genus CENTROSCYMNUS Bocage & Capello 1864 

Centroscymnus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, type Centroscymnus coelolepis BOCAGE & 

CAPELLO 1864 

Centroselachus GARMAN 1913, type Centrophorus crepidater BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 

Proscymnodon FOWLER 1933, type Centrophorus plunketi WAITE 1909 

C. COELOLEPIS Bocage & Capello 1864 Portuguese Dogfish 

Centroscymnus coelolepis BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal 

Scymnodon melas BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; Southern New England Coast. 

Centroscymnus macrops CHU,MENG & HU 1982 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range; E. North Atlantic,from Iceland to Med. & Cape Verde Is. 

W. North Atlantic, from Grand Banks to Nantucket;Australia;? N.Z. 

South China Sea. 

FC 00 020025 

C. CREPIDATER (Bocage & Capello) 1864 Longnose Velvet Dogfish;Deepwater 

Dogfish;Golden Dogfish 

Centrophorus crepidater BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal 

Centrophorus rossi ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Travancore Coast, India in 430 fthms. 

Centrophorus jonsonii SAEMUNDSSON 1922 t/l; South coast of Iceland. 

Centroscymnus furvescens DE BUEN 1959 t/l;Chile 

Range N.E. Atlantic; Eastern South Atlantic;India;New Zealand;S.E.Australia;Chile. 

FC 00 020012 

C. CRYPTACANTHUS Regan 1906 Shortnose Velvet Dogfish 

Centrophorus (Centroscymnus) coelolepis GUNTHER 1870 ( non BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 

Centroscymnus cryptacanthus REGAN 1906 t/l; Madeira 

Range;N.E. Atlantic. 

19

C. MACRACANTHUS Regan 1906 Largespine Velvet Dogfish 

Centroscymnus macracanthus REGAN 1906 t/l;Straits of Magellan, Argentina. 

Etmopterus paessleri LONNBERG 1907 t/l;Straits of Magellan, Argentina. 

Range; Straits of Magellan, Argentina. 

C. OWSTONI Garman 1906 Roughskin Dogfish; Owston's Spiny Dogfish 

Centroscymnus owstoni GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan. 

Range; Japan; New Zealand; S.E.Australia 

FC 00 020019 

C. PLUNKETI (Waite) 1909 Plunket Dogfish; Waite's Deepsea Dogfish 

Centrophorus plunketi WAITE 1909 t/l; New Zealand. 

Centrophorus waitei THOMPSON 1930 t/l; off Kaikoura, N.Z. (deep water) 

Range; New Zealand;Australia. 

FC 00 020013 

Genus SCYMNODON Bocage & Capello 1864 

Scymnodon BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, type Scymnodon ringens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 

Zameus JORDAN & FOWLER 1903, type Centrophorus squamulosus GUNTHER 1877 

S. RINGENS Bocage & Capello 1864 Knifetooth Dogfish 

Scymnodon rigens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, Diag. fam. Squal. p.3 extra (lapsus, ringens 

intended, ringor, to snarl) 

Scymnodon ringens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, Proc. zool. soc. London p.263, fig. 5 t/l; 

Portugal. 

Range; N. E. Atlantic. 

S. SQUAMULOSUS (Gunther) 1877 Velvet Dogfish 

Centrophorus squamulosus GUNTHER 1877 t/l; Inosima, Japan. 

? Centroscymnus obscurus VAILLANT 1888 t/l; "Cotes du Soudan"= Tropical French West Africa. 

(Smalltooth Velvet Dogfish) 

? Scymnodon niger CHU, MENG & HU 1982 t/l; SouthChina Sea. 

Range; S. Japan;S. E.Australia;?Tropical East & West Atlantic;S. China Sea. 

FC 00 020042 

S. ISHIHARAI Yano & Tanaka 1984 Japanese Velvet Dogfish. 

Scymnodon ishiharai YANO & TANAKA 1984 t/l; Japan. 

Range;Japan. 

Genus SCYMNODALATIAS Garrick 1956 

Scymnodalatias GARRICK 1956, type Scymnodon sherwoodi ARCHEY 1921 

S. SHERWOODI (Archey) 1921 Sherwood Dogfish 

Scymnodon sherwoodi ARCHEY 1921 t/l; New Brighton Beach, Canterbury,New Zealand. 

Range;New Zealand. 

S. ALBICAUDA Taniuchi & Garrick 1986 Whitetail Dogfish 

20

Scymnodalatias albicauda TANIUCHI & GARRICK 1986 t/l; S.E. Indian Ocean. 

Range; S.E. Indian Ocean 

FC 00 020035 

S. GARRICKI Kukuev & Konovalenko 1988 Azores Dogfish 

Scymnodalatias garricki KUKUEV& KONOVALENKO 1988 t/l; Azores 

Range;Azores 

S. OLIGODON Kukuev & Konovalenko 1988 Sparsetooth Dogfish 

Scymnodalatias oligodon KUKUEV & KONOVALENKO 1988 t/l; Eastern Pacific. 

Range;Eastern Pacific. 

Family OXYNOTIDAE 

(Roughsharks) 

Genus OXYNOTUS Rafinesque 1810 

Oxynotus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus centrina LINN. 1758 

Squalus (Centrina) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus centrina LINN. 1758 

Centrinus SWAINSON 1838 (emendation) 

O. CENTRINA (Linn.) 1758 Humantin; Angular Roughshark; Sawhund; Sailback 

Shark;Prickly Dogfish; Valentin's Seahound 

Kentrines ATHENAEUS c. A.D. 200 

Regnard de mer BELON 1551 Hist. nat. poissons marin p.46 bis fig. 

Vulpecula BELON 1553 Aquat. p. 63, 64 fig. 

Centrina RONDELET 1554, Pisc. p.384, fig.; SALVIANI 1554 Aquat. f. 57, pl 56-57 

Galeus centrina GESNER 1558, Aquat. p. 1250 

Squalus no. 5 ARTEDI 1738 Ichthyologia, Syn. p.95, Gen .p.67 

Galeus sp. no. 7 KLEIN 1742 

Squalus centrina LINN. 1758 t/l; Mediterranean. 

Le Humantin BROUSSONET 1780 

La Mielga CORNIDE 1788 

Le squale humantin LACEPEDE 1798 

Centrina salviani RISSO 1826 

Centrina humantin CLOQUET 1820 

Centrina oxynotus SWAINSON 1839 

Centrina vulpecula MOREAU 1881 

Range;N.E.Atlantic.and Med. 

O. BRUNIENSIS (Ogilby) 1893 Prickly Dogfish 

Centrina salviana HUTTON 1890 (non salviani RISSO) t/l; New Zealand 

Centrina bruniensis OGILBY 1893 t/l; Bruny I., Tasmania. 

Range; Australia; Tasmania; N.Z. 

FC 00 021001 

21

O. PARADOXUS Frade 1929 Sailfin Roughshark 

Oxynotus paradoxus FRADE 1929 t/l; Morocco. 

Range; N.E. Atlantic. 

O. CARIBBAEUS Cervigon 1961 Caribbaean Roughshark 

Oxynotus caribbaeus CERVIGON 1961 t/l; N. of Blanquilla I., Venezuela. 

Range; Caribbaean 

O. JAPONICUS Yano & Murofushi 1985 Japanese Roughshark 

Oxynotus japonicus YANO & MUROFUSHI 1985 t/l; Japan. 

Range; Japan 

O. SHUBNIKOVI Myagkov in Gubanov Kondyurin & Myagkov 1986 Flatiron Shark 

Oxynotus shubnikovi MYAGKOV in GUBANOV et.al. 1986 t/l; 

Sp. dub. 

Family ECHINORHINIDAE 

(Bramble Sharks) 

Genus ECHINORHINUS Blainville 1816 

Squalus (Echinorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 = Squalus brucus 

BONNATERRE 1788. 

Scymnus CUVIER 1817 (part), type Scymnus spinosus CUV. 1817 = Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 

Goniodus AGASSIZ 1838, type Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 

Centrophorus SWAINSON 1839 (part, included spinosus) (non MULLER & HENLE 1837) 

Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) WHITLEY 1931, type Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) mccoyi WHITLEY 

1931 = Squalus brucus BONN. 1788 

E. BRUCUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Bramble Shark; Spinous Shark; Prickly Shark; Alligator 

Shark. 

Le Chien De Mer boucle BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus brucus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l;"The Ocean" (North Atlantic) 

Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 t/l; "In Oceano" 

Squale boucle LACEPEDE 1798 

Leiche boucle CLOQUET 1816-1830 

Spinous shark YARRELL 1839 

Echinorhinus obesus A. SMITH 1849 t/l; Cape of Good Hope,South Africa. 

Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) mccoyi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Portland, Victoria, Australia.(Based on 

McCoy 1887, said to be separable from Gmelin) 

Range; North Sea to Tropical West Africa.Mediterranean;South Africa; Australia; New Zealand; 

Japan; West Atlantic;Arabian Sea; Eastern Pacific. 

FC 00 022001 

E. COOKEI Pietschmann 1928 Prickly Shark 

Echinorhinus cookei PIETSCHMANN 1928 t/l; South coast of Kauai, Hawaii. 

Range; Hawaiian Is.;New Zealand; Australia 

FC 00 022002 

22

ORDER PRISTIOPHORIFORMES 

(Sawsharks) 

FAMILY PRISTIOPHORIDAE 

Genus PRISTIOPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837 

Fivegill Sawsharks 

Pristiophorus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Pristis cirratus LA THAM 1794 

P. CIRRATUS (Latham) 1794 Longnose Sawshark 

Pristis cirratus LATHAM 1794 t/l; Port Jackson, New Holland = Australia 

Pristis cirrhata BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on LATHAM ) 

Squalus anisodon LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; New Holland 

Squalus tentaculatus SHAW 1804 t/l; New Holland 

Range;N.S.W. to S.W. Aus.;Philippines; S.Africa 

FC 00 023002 

P. NUDIPINNIS Gunther 1870 Shortnose Sawshark; Southern Australian Sawshark 

Pristiophorus nudipinnis GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Tasmania & New Holland 

Pristiophorus owenii GUNTHER 1870 (No loc.) Habitat unknown 

Range;Victoria; Tasmania; South Australia. 

FC 00 023001 

P. JAPONICUS Gunther 1870 Japanese Sawshark 

Pristiophorus cirratus RICHARDSON 1846 (non LATHAM) 

Pristiophorus japonicus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Japan. 

Range; Japan; Korea. 

P. SCHROEDERI Springer & Bullis 1960 Bahamas Sawshark 

Pristiophorus schroederi SPRINGER & BULLIS 1960 t/l; off Dog Rocks, Cay Sol Bank,Bahamas. 

Range; off Bahamas & S.E. Florida. 

Pristiophorus sp. STEHMANN Dwarf Sawshark 

Western Indian Ocean 

Pristiophorus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Eastern Australian sawshark 

Victoria & N.S.W.,Aus. 

FC 00 023003 

Pristiophorus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Tropical Australian sawshark 

Slope, Queensland. 

FC 00 023004 

Genus PLIOTREMA Regan 1906 

Pliotrema REGAN 1908, type Pliotrema warreni REGAN 1906 

Sixgill Sawsharks 

P. WARRENI Regan 1906 Sixgill Sawshark 

Pliotrema warreni REGAN 1906 t/l; Natal;False Bay, Cape of Good Hope. 

Range; South Africa. 

23

Order SQUATINIFORMES 

Family SQUATINIDAE 

Genus SQUATINA A.M.C. Dumeril 1806 

Rhine ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium c. 330 B.C. 

Squatina PLINY IX 14 Natural History ( AD 23-79 ) 

Squatina WOTTON 1552; BELON 1553 

Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760 (inadmissible work ) no type 

Squatina VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work ) 

Rhina KLEIN 1776 (inadmissible work ) 

Rhina WALBAUM 1792 (on Klein) (inadmissible work ) 

Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806 , type Squatina angelus DUMERIL 1806 = Squalus squatina 

LINN. 1758. Bigelow & Schroeder (1948) consider that as Dumeril included no spp. his name could not be applied. Later 

authors have used Dumeril 1806. 

Squatina RISSO 1810, type Squatina vulgaris RISSO 1810 = Squalus squatina 

LINNAEUS 

Rhina CUV. 1817, admissible, but preoccupied by Bloch & Schneider. 

Squalraia DE LA PYLAIE 1835 

Fossil:- 

Thaumas MUNSTER 1842 (preocc.), type T.alifer MUNSTER 1842 

Phorcynis THIOLLIERE 1864, type P. catulina THIOLLIERE 1864 

Scaldia LE HON 1871 ( preocc.), type S. biforis LE HON 1871, 

Trigonodus WINKLER 1876 preocc.), type T. primus WINKLER 1876 

S. SQUATINA (Linnaeus) 1758 European Angel Shark; Monkfish 

Rhine ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

Squatina PLINY Natural History IX 14 

24

Squatina WOTTON 1552; BELON 1553. 

Squalus squatina LINNAEUS 1758 (Oceano Europaeo) 

Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760; KLEIN 1776; WALBAUM 1792 ( on KLEIN) 

( Inadmissible works ) 

Monk or Angel Fish BROOKES 1763 

Angel fish (Squalus rondeletii) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall , England) 

Angel fish (Squalus rondeletii) BORLASE 1776 

L'Ange BROUSSONET 1780 

Le squale ange LACEPEDE 1798 

? Squatina angelus A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806 

Squatina vulgaris RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France 

Squatina angelus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud) 

Squatina laevis CUVIER 1817 (new name for Squalus squatina LINNAEUS) 

? Squatina aculeata CUVIER 1817 

Squatina angelus BLAINVILLE 1825 

Squatina lewis COUCH 1825 ( lapsus for laevis ) 

Squatina europaea SWAINSON 1839 

? Squalraia acephala DE LA PYLAIE 1835 

? Squalraia cervicata DE LA PYLAIE 1835 

Monk Fish COUCH 1865 

Range; North Sea to Mediterranean. 

S. DUMERIL ( LeSueur ) 1818 Sand Devil; Atlantic Angel Shark. 

Squatina dumeril LeSUEUR 1818 t/l; No loc.? New York 

Squatina dumerili DeKAY 1842 (New York) 

Range; Western Atlantic; S. New England to Florida. Northern Gulf of Mex.;Jamaica.South to Brazil. 

S. ACULEATA Dumeril in Cuvier 1829 Sawback Angelshark 

? Squalus aculeata LINN. 1758 

Squatina aculeata DUMERIL in CUVIER 1829 t/l; off Marseilles, France 

? Squatina fimbriata MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Mediterranean 

Range; Med. & adjacent Atlantic. 

S. OCULATA Bonaparte 1840 Smoothback Angelshark 

Squatina oculata BONAPARTE 1840 t/l; off Italy. 

Range; Mediterranean. East Atlantic, Morocco to Algeria. 

S. JAPONICA Bleeker 1858 Japanese Angelshark 

Squatina vulgaris MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non RISSO ) 

Squatina japonica BLEEKER 1858 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan 


S. CALIFORNICA Ayres 1859 Easetern Pacific Angelshark 

Squatina californica AYRES 1859 t/l;San Francisco, California 

Rhina armata PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Iquique, Chile. 

Rhina philippii GARMAN 1913 t/l; Mejillones I., Peru. 

Range; S.E. Alaska to Chile 

S. AUSTRALIS Regan 1906 Southern Australian Angelshark 

Rhina squatina McCOY 1879 (non LINN.) 

25

Squatina australis REGAN 1906 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W., Australia. 

Range; S.E. to S.W.Australia. 

FC 00 024001 

S. NEBULOSA Regan 1906 Clouded Angelshark 

Squatina nebulosa REGAN 1906 t/l; Japan. 

Range;Japan. 

S. AFRICANA Regan 1908 South African Angelshark 

Squatina africana REGAN 1908 t/l; Durban Bay, Natal. 

Range; Off Natal, S. Africa. 

S. TERGOCELLATA McCulloch 1914 Australian Ornate Angelshark 

Squatina tergocellata McCULOCH 1914 t/l; Great Australian Bight in 160-200 fthms. 

Range; Southern Australia 

FC 00 O24002 

S. ARGENTINA (Marini) 1930 Argentine Angelshark 

Rhina argentina MARINI 1930 t/l; N. Argentina 

Squatina punctata MARINI 1936 t/l; Argentina 

Range; Argentina to Uruguay. 

S. GUGGENHEIM Marini 1936 Angular Angelshark 

Squatina guggenheim MARINI 1936 t/l; Argentina 

Range; Argentina. 

S. TERGOCELLATOIDES Chen 1963 Taiwan Ocellated Angelshark 

Squatina tergocellatoides CHEN 1963 t/l; Taiwan 

Range;Taiwan. Known only from single specimen. 

S. FORMOSA Shen & Ting 1972 Taiwan Angelshark 

Squatina formosa SHEN & TING 1972 t/l; Taiwan 

Range;Taiwan. Known only from single specimen. 

S. OCCULTA Vooren & De Silva 1991 Hidden Angelshark 

Squatina occulta VOOREN & DE SILVA 1991 t/l; Azores 

Range; Azores 

Squatina sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Eastern Angelshark 

Squatina sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Outer shelf & Upper Slope from Cairns, Queensland to Victoria, Aus. 

FC 00 024004 

Squatina sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Western Angelshark 

Squatina sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Outer shelf & Upper Slope from Broome to Shark Bay, W. Australia. 

FC 00 024005 

Squatina sp. APPLEGATE Cortez Angelshark 

Range; Sea of Cortez (Gulf of California) 

ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES 

(Carpet Sharks; Wobbegongs; Bamboosharks; Nurse Sharks & allies) 

Family PARASCYLLIIDAE 

26

Genus PARASCYLLIUM Gill 1862 

Parascyllium GILL 1862,type Hemiscyllium variolatum DUMERIL 1853 

Parascyllium (Neoparascyllium) WHITLEY 1939, type Parascyllium multimaculatum SCOTT 1934 

P. VARIOLATUM (Dumeril) 1853 Necklace Carpetshark 

Hemiscyllium variolatum DUMERIL 1853 t/l; Tasmania. 

Parascyllium nuchalis McCOY 1874 t/l; Port Phillip, Victoria. 

Parascyllium nuchale MACLEAY 1881 

Range;Victoria; Tasmania; South and Southwest Australia. 

FC 00 013004 

P. COLLARE Ramsay & Ogilby 1888 Collared Carpetshark 

Parascyllium collare RAMSAY & OGILBY 1888 t/l; Port Jackson. N.S.W. in deep water. 

Range;N.S.W.,Victoria;Tasmania. 

FC 00 013002 

P. FERRIGINEUM McCulloch 1911 Rusty Carpetshark 

Parascyllium ferrugineum McCULLOCH 1911 t/l;off Port Phillip, Victoria. 

Parascyllium multimaculatum SCOTT 1934 t/l; North Tasmania. 

Range; Victoria, Aus. 

FC 00 013005 

Parascyllium sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Ginger Carpetshark 

Range; Southwest Australia. 

FC 00 013018 

Genus CIRRHOSCYLLIUM Smith & Radcliffe 1913 

Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913, type Cirrhoscyllium expolitum SMITH & 

RADCLIFFE 1913 

Zev WHITLEY 1927 (Proposed as a replacement for Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913, 

believed preoccupied by Cirriscyllium Ogilby 1908, substitution not required ) 

C. EXPOLITUM Smith & Radcliffe 1913 Barbelthroat Carpetshark 

Cirrhoscyllium expolitum SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913 t/l; 21 33 N., 118 13 E.,in 100 fthms.(China 

Sea between north Luzon and China) 

Range; China Sea between north Luzon and China 

C. JAPONICUM Kamohara 1943 Saddled Carpetshark 

Cirrhoscyllium japonicum KAMOHARA 1943 t/l; Mimase, Japan. 

Range;Japan. 

C. FORMOSANUM Teng 1959 Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark 

Cirrhoscyllium formosanum TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan. 

Range;Taiwan. 

Family BRACHAELURIDAE 

(Blindsharks) 

Genus BRACHAELURUS Ogilby1907 

Brachaelurus OGILBY 1907, type Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 = Squalus waddi 

BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Cirriscyllium OGILBY 1908, type Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 = Squalus waddi 

BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Heteroscyllium REGAN 1908, type Brachaelurus colcloughi OGILBY 1908 

Brachaelurus was proposed in 1907 by Ogilby for Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER ( = Squalus 

waddi ). He later (1908) transferred his new species, colcloughi to Brachaelurus and proposed 

27

Cirriscyllium for modestum. 

Cirriscyllium OGILBY 1908 is thus a junior synonym of Brachaelurus OGILBY 1907. Regan in 

1908 proposed Heteroscyllium for the species colcloughi . 

Cirriscyllium OGILBY does not preoccupy Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913 for their 

species expolitum, thus Whitley's Zev 1927 is an unnecessary substitution. 

B. WADDI (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Blind Carpetshark 

Squalus waddi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; New Holland ( near Sydney ) 

Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 t/l; Queensland 

Chiloscyllium furvum RAMSAY & MACLEAY 1880 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W. 

Chiloscyllium fuscum PARKER & HASWELL 1897 (No loc.) 

Range;N.S.W., Queensland, Aus. 

FC 00 013007 

B. COLCLOUGHI Ogilby 1908 Bluegrey Carpetshark 

Brachaelurus colcloughi OGILBY 1908 t/l; Mud Island, Moreton Bay,Queensland 

Range; Queensland 

FC 00 013013 

Dingerkus (1986) synonymizes colcloughi with waddi.Compagno is inclined to seperate them. 

Family ORECTOLOBIDAE 

(Wobbegongs; Carpet Sharks) 

Genus ORECTOLOBUS Bonaparte 1834 

Orectolobus BONAPARTE 1834, type Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789 ( = Squalus maculatus 

BONNATERRE 1788) 

Chrossorhinus A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus lobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 ( = Squalus 

maculatus BONNATERRE 1788) 

Crossorhinus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789 

( = Squalus maculatus BONNATERRE 1788) 

O. MACULATUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Spotted Wobbegong; Spotted Carpetshark 

Le Barbu BROUSSONET 1780 (New Holland) Memoir sur les differentes Especes de Chiens de 

Mer. 

Squalus maculatus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; "La mer du sud" 

Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789 t/l; New Holland ( = Sydney, N.S.W.) 

Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789 ( Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, N.S.W. ) 

Le squale barbu LACEPEDE 1798 

Squalus lobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; New Holland (on Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789) 

28

Squalus appendiculatus SHAW & NODDER 1806 (on Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789) 

? Squalus labiatus BLEEKER 1857 (n. nud. ) 

Range; Queensland south to west Australia. 

FC 00 013003 

O. ORNATUS (De VIS ) 1883 Ornate Wobbegong 

O. ornatus ornatus (DE VIS) 1883 

Crossorhinus ornatus DE VIS 1883 t/l;Queensland 

Orectolobus devisi OGILBY 1916 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland 

Range; Queensland south to south Australia. 

O. ornatus halei WHITLEY 1940 

Orectolobus ornatus halei WHITLEY 1940 t/l; South Australia 

Range; South Australia 

FC 00 013001 (Whole species) 

O. JAPONICUS (Regan 1906 Japanese Wobbegong 

Crossorhinus barbatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non GMELIN) (Japan) 

Crossorhinus lobatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER) (Japan) 

Orectolobus japonicus REGAN 1906 t/l; Japan. 

? Squalus labiatus BLEEKER 1857 (n. nud.) (Japan) 

Range; Japan; China; Philippines. 

O. WARDI Whitley 1939 Northern Wobbegong 

Orectolobus wardi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Cape Keith, Melville I., North Austrlia. 

Range;North Austrlia. 

FC 00 013017 

Orectolobus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Western Wobbegong 

Orectolobus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 t/l; Coastal Western Australia 

FC 00 013016 

Genus EUCROSSORHINUS Regan 1908 

Eucrossorhinus REGAN 1908, type Crossorhinus dasypogon BLEEKER 1867 

E. DASYPOGON (Bleeker ) 1867 Tasselled Wobbegong 

Crossorhinus dasypogon BLEEKER 1867 t/l; off Waigiu I.,Indonesia. 

Orectolobus ogilbyi REGAN 1909 t/l; Torres Strait, between Australia & New Guinea. 

Range;Indonesia. 

FC 00 013011 

Genus SUTORECTUS Whitley 1939 

Sutorectus WHITLEY 1939, type Crossorhinus tentaculatus PETERS 1864 

S. TENTACULATUS (Peters) 1864 Cobbler Wobbegong; Cobbler Carpetshark 

Crossorhinus tentaculatus PETERS 1864 t/l; Adelaide, South Australia. 

Range;Queensland; South Australia. 

FC 00 013012 

Family HEMISCYLLIIDAE 

(Bamboo Sharks) 

Genus HEMISCYLLIUM Mueller & Henle in A. Smith 1837 

Hemiscyllium MULLER & HENLE in A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus ocellatus BONNATERRE 

1788 

29

H. OCELLATUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Epaulette Shark ; "Itar" 

L' Oeille BROUSSONET 1780 (New Holland) 

Squalus ocellatus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; "La mer du Sud" ( On L' Oeille BROUSSONET 1780) 

Squalus oculatus GRAY 1827 (Australia) 

Range; New Guinea and N.W.Australia to N.S.W.,Australia .?Melanesia. 

FC 00 013014 

H. FREYCINETI (Cuvier in Quoy & Gaimard) 1824 Indonesian Speckled Carpetshark 

Scyllium freycineti CUVIER in QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Waigiu,Indonesia 

Scyllium malaisianus LESSON 1824 

Scyllium melaisianum LESSON 1830 t/l; Waigiu,Indonesia 

Chiloscyllium malaianum MULLER & HENLE 1839 

Scyllium malaisianum GUNTHER 1870 

? Hemiscyllium malayanum BLEEKER 1854-55 t/l; Batjan and Amboina, Moluccas. 

Range;New Guinea and nearby islands. 

H. TRISPECULARE Richardson 1843 Speckled Carpetshark 

Hemiscyllium trispeculare RICHARDSON 1843 t/l; Turtle I., Gulf of Carpentaria, Aus. 

Hemiscyllium tricuspidare ANON. (lapsus) 

Range; Northern Australia;Queensland;? Celebes,Indonesia. 

FC 00 013015 

H. HALLSTROMI Whitley 1967 Papuan Epaulette Shark 

Hemiscyllium hallstromi WHITLEY 1967 t/l; Papua New Guinea. 

Range; Papua New Guinea. 

H. STRAHANI Whitley 1967 Hooded Carpetshark 

Hemiscyllium strahani WHITLEY 1967 t/l; New Guinea. 

Range; New Guinea. 

Genus CHILOSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1837 

(Bamboo Sharks) 

Chiloscyllium MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Scyllium plagiosum BENNETT 1830 

Synchismus GILL 1862, type Squalus tuberculatus BLOCH &SCHNEIDER 1801 = Squalus indicus 

GMELIN 1789 

Chiloscyllium valid as a subgenus for plagiosum; griseum; punctatum 

Synchismus valid as a subgenus for indicum. 

C. INDICUM (Gmelin) 1789 Ridgeback Catshark; Slender Bambooshark 

Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1754 

? Squalus colax MEUSCHEN 1781 Index Gronow's Zoophylacium,Pisces 1781 (Name unavailable) 

Squalus indicus GMELIN 1789 t/l; Indian Ocean 

Le Squale dentele LACEPEDE 1798 

Le Squale gronovien LACEPEDE 1798 (Les mers de l'Inde) 

Squalus tuberculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Le Squale dentele LACEPEDE 1798) 

Squalus gronovianus SHAW 1804 (on Le Squale gronovien LACEPEDE 1798) Indian Seas. 

? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) variegatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) dentatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) lambarda BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

Chiloscyllium phymatodes BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Samarang, Indonesia. 

Squalus caudatus GRAY 1854 ( "In mari indico") 

30

Chiloscyllium indicim var. [delta, epsilon, zeta] GUNTHER 1870 

Chiloscyllium (Synchismus) colax WHITLEY 1934 

Range; Red Sea south to South Africa and east to Taiwan,Philippines and Melanesia. 

C. PLAGIOSUM (Bennett) 1830 Spotted Bambooshark 

C. plagiosum plagiosum (BENNETT) 1830 Whitespotted Bambooshark 

Scyllium plagiosum BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra 

Scyllium ornatum GRAY 1832 

Chiloscyllium plagiosum var. interruptum BLEEKER 1852 

Chiloscyllium indicum var. obscura GUNTHER 1870 (part, non GRAY 1851) (India;Cape Seas; 

Ceylon;China) 

Range; India to Indonesia; Japan; Philippines. 

C. plagiosum caeruleopunctatum PELLEGRIN 1914 Bluespotted Bambooshark 

Chiloscyllium caeruleopunctatum PELLEGRIN 1914 t/l; Fort Dauphin, Madagascar. 

Range; Madagascar. 

Species Range; India to Indonesia; Japan; Philippines; Madagascar. 

C. GRISEUM Mueller & Henle 1841 Grey Bambooshark 

? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) unicolor BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.) 

? Scyllium griseum VAN HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) t/l; Java 

Chiloscyllium griseum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Japan (text only) 

Chiloscyllium obscurum GRAY 1851 (n. nud.) t/l; Moluccas. 

Range; Red Sea to South Africa and east to China and Japan. 

C. PUNCTATUM Mueller & Henle 1841 Brownbanded Bambooshark 

? Bokee sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l;Vizagapatam, India 

? Ra sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l;Vizagapatam, India 

? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Scyllium punctatum VAN HASSELT 1823 ( n. nud.) 

Chiloscyllium punctatum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Java 

Chiloscyllium griseum MULLER & HENLE 1841 (plate only) 

Chiloscyllium margaritiferum BLEEKER 1854 t/l; Obi I.,Indonesia. 

(Dingerkus & DeFino 1983 make margaritiferum BLEEKER 1854 a synonym of plagiosum. 

Range; East coast of India; S. Japan;China to Java; Philippines; Southern New Guinea and Northern 

Australia to Queensland. 

FC 00 013008 

C. HASSELTI Bleeker 1852 Indonesian Bambooshark 

Chiloscyllium hasseltii BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java 

Range; Indonesia. 

C. ARABICUM Gubanov 1980 Arabian Carpetshark 

Chiloscyllium arabicum GUBANOV 1980 t/l; Persian Gulf 

Chiloscyllium confusum DINGERKUS & DeFINO 1983 t/l; Arabian Sea. 

Range; Persian Gulf ; Arabian Sea. 

C. BURMENSIS Dingerkus & DeFino 1983 Burmese Bambooshark 

Chiloscyllium burmensis DINGERKUS & DeFINO 1983 t/l; Bay of Bengal. 

Range;Bay of Bengal. 

C. DOLGANOVI Kharin 1987 Vietnam Bambooshark 

Chiloscyllium dolganovi KHARIN 1983 t/l; Vietnam. 

Range; Vietnam. 

Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE 

Genus GINGLYMOSTOMA Mueller & Henle 1837 

31

Squalus BONNATERRE 1788 (part) ( non LINN.) 

Scyllium GRIFFITH in CUVIER 1834 (part) for Scyllium cirrhosum GRIFFITH = Squalus cirratus 

BONNATERRE 1788 

Ginglymostoma MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus cirratus BONNATERRE 1788 by 

subsequent designation. 

Plicodus WINKLER 1874, type Plicodus thielensis WINKLER 1874 (fossil) 

Acrodobatis (lapsus) LEIDY 1877, type Acrodobatis serra LEIDY 1877 (fossil) 

Acrodontobatis LEIDY 1877 (correction by author, the latter name intended) type Acrodontobatis 

serra LEIDY 1877 (fossil) 

G. CIRRATUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Atlantic Nurse Shark 

Chien de mer barbillon BROUESSONET 1780 

Gata PARRA 1777 (Cuba) 

Squalus cirratus BONNATERRE 1788 "American Seas" 

Squale barbillon LACEPEDE 1798 (Pacific America) 

Squalus punctulatus LACEPEDE 1800 t/l; Cayenne 

Squalus punctatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Scyllium cirrhosum GRIFFITH in CUVIER 1834 

Squalus argus BANCROFT 1835 t/l; West Indies. 

Ginglymostoma fulvum POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba 

Ginglymostoma caboverdianus CAPELLO 1867 t/l; Cape Verde Is. 

Range; Tropical Atlantic from Carolina to S.Brazil and off tropical West Africa. 

In Eastern Pacific,California to Ecuador. 

Genus NEBRIUS Ruppell 1835 

Nebrius RUPPELL 1835, type Nebrius concolor RUPPELL = Scyllium ferrugineum LESSON 

Nebrodes GARMAN 1913 ( substitute name for Nebrius RUPPELL, under the impression that the 

former was preoccupied by Nebria LATREILLE 1802 [Insecta] and Nebris CUVIER & 

VALENCIENNES 1830 [Osteichthyes] but this is not so), type Nebrius concolor RUPPELL 

N. FERRUGINEUS (Lesson) 1830 Tawny Nurse Shark 

Scyllium ferrugineum LESSON 1830 t/l; Port Praslin, New Ireland. Offach Bay,Waigiu. 

Nebrius concolor RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Massaua, Red Sea. 

Ginglymostoma ruppellii BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Singapore 

Ginglymostoma muelleri GUNTHER 1870 t/l; India 

Scymnus porosus KLUNZINGER 1871 in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l;Red Sea. 

Nebrodes macrurus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Port Louis Harbour, Mauritius. 

Nebrodes concolor ogilbyi WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Darnley I., Queensland 

Nebrius doldi J.L.B. SMITH 1953 t/l; Aldabra I., Western Indian Ocean. 

Range;Red Sea to South Africa east to Southern Japan and south to Queensland, Melanesia, 

Polynesia. 

FC 00 013010 

32

Genus PSEUDOGINGLYMOSTOMA Dingerkus 1986 

Pseudoginglymostoma DINGERKUS 1986, type Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum GUNTHER in 

PLAYFAIR & GUNTHER 1866 

P. BREVICAUDATUM (Gunther ) 1866 Shorttail Nurse Shark 

Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum GUNTHER in PLAYFAIR & GUNTHER 1866 

t/l; Zanzibar. 

Range; Zanzibar; Seychelles. 

Family STEGOSTOMATIIDAE 

Genus STEGOSTOMA Mueller & Henle 1837 

Stegostoma MULLER & HENLE 1837 type; Squalus fasciatus HERMANN 1783 

S. FASCIATA (Hermann ) 1783 Zebra Shark; Leopard Shark 

Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1754 

Squalus varius SEBA 1758 Thesauri vol. 3,p. 105. No locality. (Inadmissible work) 

Squalus tigrinus PENNANT 1764 (Inadmissible work) t/l; Indian Ocean 

Le tigre BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus tigrinus FORSTER 1781 

Squalus fasciatus HERMANN 1783 (on SEBA 1758) 

Squalus tygrinus BONN. 1788 "La Mer des Indes" (on BROUSSONET 1780) 

Squalus tigrinus GMELIN 1789 

Squalus longicaudus GMELIN 1789 (on SEBA 1758 and GRONOV. 1763) No locality. 

Squalus maculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non BONNATERRE 1788) t/l; "Oceano 

orientale" 

Pollee Makum RUSSELL 1803 

Scyllium quinquecarinatum VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java 

Scyllium heptagonum RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea 

Stegostoma carinatum BLYTH 1847 (India) 

Squalus pantherinus KUHL & VAN HASSELT 1823 in BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonomy) 

Squalus cirrosus GRAY 1854 

Stegostoma varium GARMAN 1913 (East Africa) 

Stegostoma tigrinum naucum WHITLEY 1939 (Eastern Australia) 

Range; Red Sea south to Madagascar and east to Philippines,Japan and N.S.W., Australia. New 

Caledonia. 

FC 00 013006 

Family RHINCODONTIDAE 

Genus RHINCODON A. Smith 1829 

Rhincodon A. SMITH 1829, type Rhincodon typus A. SMITH 1829 

Rineodon MULLER & HENLE 1838 (variant spelling) 

Rhineodon SWAINSON 1839 (variant spelling) 

Rhiniodon SWAINSON 1839 (variant spelling) 

Rhinodon MULLER & HENLE 1841 (variant spelling) 

Rhineodon GRAY 1857 (variant spelling) 

Micristodus GILL 1865, type Micristodus punctatus GILL 1865 

R. TYPUS A. Smith `1829 Whale Shark 

Rhincodon typus A. SMITH 1829 t/l; Table Bay, South Africa. 

Rhinodon typicus MULLER & HENLE 1841 

Micristodus punctatus GILL 1865 t/l; Gulf of California. 

Rhinodon pentalineatus KISHINOUYE 1891 t/l; Cape Inul, Japan. 

Range;Worldwide in tropical & subtropical surface waters. 

33

FC 00 014001 

Order LAMNIFORMES 

Family ODONTASPIDAE 

Genus ODONTASPIS Agassiz 1838 

Odontaspis AGASSIZ 1835 (1838), type Carcharias ferox RISSO 1826 = Squalus ferox RISSO 1810 

Triglochis MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus ferox RISSO 1810 

Oxytes GIEBEL 1848, type Oxytes obliqua GIEBEL 1848 (fossil) 

ICZN Opinion no. 1459 repealed opinion 733,which had reinstated Carcharias RAF 1810 

(suppressed 1965) as valid and having priority over Odontaspis AGASSIZ 1838, where the two are 

considered synonymous. 

O. FEROX (Risso)1810 Bumpy-tailed Sandtiger; Smalltooth Sandtiger 

Squalus ferox RISSO 1810 t/l;Nice, France. 

Odontaspis herbsti WHITLEY 1950 t/l; Gabo I.,N.S.W.,Australia 

Range; Med. & adj. Atlantic;Australia;N.Z.;Hawaii; S.California;Gulf of California.; Natal; S.Japan; 

N.Madagascar. 

FC 00 008003 

O. NORONHAI (Maul) 1955 Bigeye Sandtiger 

Carcharias noronhai MAUL 1955 t/l; Camara de Lobos,Madeira. 

Range;Madeira deep water. S. Brazil. North of Madagascar. 

Genus EUGOMPHODUS Gill 1862 

Carcharias RAFINESQUE 1810, type Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810 

Eugomphodus GILL 1862, type Eugomphodus griseus GILL 1862 = Carcharias griseus STORER 

1846 = Squalus littoralis MITCHILL ( = Carcharias taurus RAFINESQUE. ) 

Synodontaspis WHITE 1931, type Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810 

Parodontaspis WHITE 1931, type Odontaspis platensis LAHILLE 1928 

E. TAURUS (Rafinesque) 1810 Ragged-tooth Sandtiger; Grey Nurse (Aus.); Spotted 

Ragged-tooth; Spotted Sandtiger 

Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus americanus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York. 

Squalus littoralis LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New York. 

Squalus macrodus MITCHILL 1817 t/l; New York. 

Carcharias griseus AYRES 1842 t/l; Long Island 

? Odontaspis cinerea RAMSAY & MACLEAY 1880 (n.nud.) t/l; Pt. Jackson,Australia. 

Lamna ecarinata HILGENDORF in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Alexandria, Egypt. 

34

Carcharias arenarius OGILBY 1911 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland. 

Carcharias owstoni GARMAN 1913 t/l; Japan. 

? Squalus lixa LARRANAGA 1923 

Odontaspis platensis LAHILLE 1928 t/l; Argentina. 

Range; Both sides of Atlantic; Red Sea to East Indies, Japan and Australia. 

FC 00 008001 

E. TRICUSPIDATUS (Day) 1878 Indian Sandtiger ; "Blue Nurse" 

Carcharias tricuspidatus DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan. 

Carcharias cuspidatus OGILBY 1888 (lapsus) t/l; NSW.,Aus. 

Range; India. Known only from type,now lost. May be syn. of taurus. 

Fossil from Middle Eocene, India. 

Family PSEUDOCARCHARIIDAE 

Genus PSEUDOCARCHARIAS Cadenat 1963 

Pseudocarcharias CADENAT 1963, type Carcharias kamoharai MATSUBARA 1936. 

P. KAMOHARAI (Matsubara) 1936 Crocodile Shark; Offshore Sandshark 

Carcharias kamoharai MATSUBARA 1936 t/l; Koti fish market, Japan. 

Carcharias yangi TENG 1959 t/l;off Su-ao, Taiwan. 

Carcharias (Pseudocarcharias) pelagicus CADENAT 1963 t/l; Guinea Coast 

Range;East China Sea. Japan. Guinea. 

FC 00 009003 

Family MITSUKURINIDAE 

Genus MITSUKURINA Jordan 1898 

Rhinognathus DAVIS 1887 (Preoccupied), type Rhinognathus lewisii DAVIS 1887 (Fossil) 

Scapanorhynchus WOODWARD 1889 (replacement name for Rhinognathus DAVIS 1887) 

Mitsukurina JORDAN 1898, type Mitsukurina owstoni JORDAN 1898 

M. OWSTONI Jordan 1898 Goblin Shark;Ghost Shark. 

Mitsukurina owstoni JORDAN 1898 t/l; Misaki, Japan. 

Odontaspis nasutus DE BRAGANZA 1904 t/l; Portugal 

Scapanorhynchus jordani HUSSAKOF 1909 t/l; Japan 

Scapanorhynchus dofleinii ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Japan. 

Scapanorhynchus mitsukurii WHITE 1937 (error for owstonii ) 

Range; Japan; East & West Atlantic; East Africa; South Australia. 

FC 00 009002 

Family LAMNIDAE 

Genus CARCHARODON A. Smith 1838 

Squalus LINN. 1758 (part) for Squalus carcharias LINN. 1758 

Cynocephalus SCHAEFFER 1760 (inadmissible work), (not KLEIN 1742;1776), type Squalus 

carcharias LINN. 1758 

Carcharias CLOQUET 1817 (part) (non RAF. 1810 ) 

Carcharodon* A. SMITH 1838, type Carcharias lamia RAF. 1810 = Squalus carcharias LINN. (type 

by monotypy) (See ICZN. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 1965) 

NOT Carcharodon AGASSIZ 1838, type C. smithii AGASSIZ = n. nud. 

NOT Carcharodon AGASSIZ 1838, type C. verus CLOQUET 1822, preoccupied by BLAINVILLE. 

Carcharocles JORDAN 1923, type Carcharias auriculatus BLAINVILLE (Fossil) 

Carcharhinus WHITLEY 1934 ( non BLAINVILLE 1816 ) 

* The name Carcharodon for the Great White Shark, was proposed by Mueller & Henle in 1838 with 

a diagnosis but without mention of a particular species. A type species was designated later the same 

35

year by Agassiz as Carcharodon smithii,but this is a nomen nudum not used by M.& H., so 

Carcharodon must be credited to Agassiz with the type Carcharodon verus AGASSIZ 1838 

(="Carcharias"of Agassiz 1835 illustration).The specific name verus dates from CLOQUET 1817- 

22, it's use not being precluded by Blainville 1816, as the latter is a nomen nudum and therefore has 

no standing.In 1965, the ICZN ruled that Carcharodon should date from A.Smith 1838, who 

designated Carcharias lamia RAF. 1810 the type, proposed as a substitute for Squalus carcharias 

LINN., and therefore type by monotypy. 

C. CARCHARIAS (Linn.) 1758 Great White Shark; White Pointer 

Kharkharias ATHENAEUS AD 200 

Lamia RONDELET 1554 

Canis marinus GESNER 1558 

Canis carcharias ALDROVANDI 1613 

Squalus no. 14 ARTEDI 1738 

Squalus carcharias LINNAEUS 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo" 

White Shark BROOKES 1763 

Cane carcharia CETTI 1777 t/l; Sardinia 

Carcharias lamia RAFINESQUE 1810 (subst. for Squalus carcharias 

LINNAEUS) t/l; Sicily 

Carcharias lamia RISSO 1810 (part) t/l;Nice, France. 

Carcharias verus CLOQUET 1822 Mediterranean (non BLAINVILLE 1816) 

Carcharias rondeletii ST. VINCENT 1829 (Mediterranean) 

Carcharias sp. AGASSIZ 1835 ( illus.) 

Squalus (Carcharias) vulgaris RICHARDSON 1836 (America) 

Carcharodon capensis A. SMITH 1837 t/l; S. Africa 

Carcharodon smithii AGASSIZ 1838 (n. nud); BONAPARTE 1839 

Carcharodon lamia BONAPARTE 1839 

Carcharodon sp. OWEN 1845 

Carcharias atwoodi STORER 1848 t/l; Provincetown, Mass. 

? Carcharias vorax OWEN 1853 

Carcharias maso NORRIS 1898 (non maou LESSON 1830) 

White Pointer STEAD 1933 

Carcharodon albimors WHITLEY 1939 (Australia) 

Great White Shark KEAN 1944 

NOT Squalus carcharias PALLAS 1831 (Kamchatka & Bering Sea) (? = Somniosus ) 

Range; Mediterranean & adjacent Atlantic to English Channel & Cape Verde Is.;Gulf of 

Guinea;Nova Scotia to N. Gulf of Mexico; Alaska to Baja California; Panama to Chile;Argentina and 

S. Brazil; Japan & East China;Philippines; Australia except tropical north;New Zealand;S. Africa; 

Hawaiian Is.; Micronesia;Cooler coastal waters. 

FC 00 010003 

Genus LAMNA Cuvier 1817 

Squalus (Lamna) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus cornubicus GMELIN 1789 = nasus BONN. 1788 

Lamia RISSO 1826 (non FABRICIUS 1775 in Insecta) 

Selanonius FLEMING 1828 

Exoles GISTEL 1848 

L. NASUS (Bonn.) 1788 Mackerel Shark; Porbeagle. 

Canis carcharias ALDROVANDI 1613 (non ROND. = Carcharodon) 

Porbeagle BORLASE 1758 t/l; Cornwall , England. 

Squalus glaucus GUNNER 1763 (non LINNAEUS) t/l; Norway (embryo) 

Beaumaris Shark PENNANT 1776 (N. Wales) 

Haaebrand ASCANIUS 1777 

Le Nez BROUSSONET 1780 (Cornwall, England.) 

36

Touille-Boeuf ou Loutre de mer DUHAMEL 1782 

Squalus nasus BONN. 1788 (ref. to PENNANT 1776) (Wales) 

Squalus cornubicus GMELIN 1789 (Cornwall, England) 

Squalus pennanti WALBAUM 1792 (Inadmissible work) 

Squale Long-nez LAC. 1798 

Squalus monensis SHAW 1804 (Anglesey, N.Wales) 

Squalus cornubiensis PENNANT 1812 (Cornwall,England) 

Squalus selanonus WALKER( in LEACH 1814)( Scotland) 

Lamie nez CLOQUET 1816-30 

Selanonius walkeri FLEMING 1828 t/l; Great Britain 

Lamna punctata STORER 1839 t/l; Massachusetts Bay 

Oxyrhina daekayi GILL 1861 (east coast USA) 

Isuropsis dekayi GILL 1871-2 (emendation) 

Lamna philippii PEREZ CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile 

Lamna sp. LAHILLE 1928 (Argentina) 

Lamna whitleyi PHILLIPPS 1935 t/l; Island Bay, New Zealand 

Range; Temperate waters of the N. Atlantic; southern S. America;S. Australia; New Zealand;S. 

Africa and cooler waters of S.W. Indian Ocean. 

FC 00 010004 

L. DITROPIS Hubbs & Follett 1947 Salmon Shark 

Lamna ditropis HUBBS & FOLLETT 1947 t/l; La Jolla, California. 

Range;North Pacific. 

Genus ISURUS Rafinesque 1810 

Isurus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Isurus oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE 1810 

Oxyrhina AGASSIZ 1835, type Lamna oxyrhina CUVIER in VALENC. (MSS) = 

oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE 

Oxyrrhina BONAPARTE 1846, type Oxyrhina gomphodon MULLER & HENLE 

Plectrostoma GISTEL 1848, to replace Oxyrhina AGASSIZ 

Isuropsis GILL 1862, type Oxyrhina glaucus MULLER & HENLE 1841 

Anatodus LE HON 1871, type A. agassizii Le HON (fossil) 

Lamiostoma GLIKMAN 1864 

I. OXYRINCHUS Raf. 1810 Shortfin Mako 

Cane di mare di Messina SPALLANZANI 1793 

37

Isurus oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Isurus spallanzani RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus (Lamna) cepedii LESSON 1830 (equatorial Atlantic) 

Lamna oxyrhina AGASSIZ 1838 in CUVIER & VALENCIENNES ms. (teeth); OWEN 1840 

Isurus oxyrynchus SWAINSON 1839 (emendation) 

Oxyrhina spallanzanii BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy 

Oxyrrhina glauca BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy 

Oxyrhina gomphodon MUELLER & HENLE 1841 

? Lamna latro OWEN 1853 (teeth) 

Isuropsis sp. GOODE 1877 (Bermuda) 

Lamna guentheri MURRAY 1884 t/l; Karachi, India. (abnormal specimen with double the normal 

number of teeth.) 

Lamna huidobrii PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Santiago, Chile. 

Isurus oxyrhynchus JORDAN and EVERMANN 1895 (emendation) 

Isurus mako WHITLEY 1929 t/l;Pt. Jackson, NSW, Australia. 

Isurus bideni PHILLIPPS 1932 t/l; South Africa ( jaws and photo ) 

Isursus tigris africanus J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; South Africa 

Range;Warm waters worldwide. Offshore pelagic. 

FC 00 010001 

I. PAUCUS Guitart - Monday 1966 Longfin Mako 

Lamna punctata DEKAY 1842 (non STORER 1839 = Squalus nasus BONN. 1788) t/l; New York 

? Carcharias tigris ATWOOD 1865 (Gulf of Mexico; Cape Cod) 

Isurus paucus GUITART-MANDAY 1966 t/l; ?Cuba 

Isurus alatus GARRICK 1967 t/l; Tropical Indian or Pacific Ocean 

?Lamiostoma belyaevi GLIKMAN 1964 

Range;Western North Atlantic; Tropical West Africa. Central Pacific.Madagascar. 

Family ALOPIIDAE 

(Thresher Sharks) 

Genus ALOPIAS Rafinesque 1810 

Vulpes PLINY, Natural History Libri IX 68 

Alopekias ATHENAEUS (AD 200) 

Simia BELON 1553 

Vulpecula SALVIANI 1554 

Vulpes RONDELET 1554 

Cercus J.CAIUS 1570 

Galeus KLEIN 1742 

38

Vulpecula VALMONT 1768, type Squalus vulpes GMELIN 1768 (Inadmissible work) 

Squalus BONN. 1788 (pt.) (non LINNAEUS), type Squalus vulpinus BONN. 1788 

Alopias RAFINESQUE 1810, type Alopias macrourus RAFINESQUE= Squalus 

vulpinus BONN. 1788 

Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part) 

Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (pt.),included Squalus (Carcharhinus) vulpes 

BLAINVILLE = vulpinus BONN. 1788 

Alopecias MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Carcharias vulpes CUVIER 

1817 = Squalus vulpinus BONN. 1788 

Alopius SWAINSON 1838 (lapsus) 

Vulpecula GARMAN 1913, type Vulpecula marina VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible) 

Alopes VLADYKOV & McKENZIE 1939 (error) for Squalus vulpes GM. 

Possible synonym 

Thalassorhinus MULLER & HENLE 1839, type Thalassorhinus vulpecula MUELLER & 

HENLE 1839 

A. VULPINUS (Bonn.) 1788 Thresher Shark 

Vulpes marina PLINY Libri IX 68 

Alopekias ATHENAEUS AD. 200 

Simia BELON 1553 

Vulpecula SALVIANI 1554 

Vulpes RONDELET 1555 

Vulpecula marina GESNER 1558 

Cercus J.CAIUS 1570 

Vulpecula marina ALDROVANDI 1613 

Le Renard marin PERRAULT 1699 

39


Galeus cauda longa KLEIN 1742 

Sea Fox BORLASE 1758 (Cornwall, England) 

Squalus alopecias GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work) 

Vulpecula marina VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) 

Renard marin DUHAMEL 1769-82 

Long-tailed shark PENNANT 1776 t/l; Great Britain 

Squalus vulpinus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; Mediterranean 

Squalus vulpes GM. 1789 (Mediterranean, Scotland, Cornwall) 

Squale renard LACEPEDE 1798 

Galeus vulpecula RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l;Sicily 

Alopias macrourus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l;Sicily 

? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in MULLER & HENLE 1835 

Alopias vulpis SWAINS. 1838-9 (lapsus) 

? Thalassorhinus vulpecula MULLER & HENLE 1839 

Squalus alopecias GRAY 1854 (on Gronov.) 

Alopecias barrae PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l;Chile 

? Alopecias longimana PHILIPPI 1887 (n. nud.) 

Alopecias chilensis PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile 

Alopecias longimana PHILIPPI 1901 t/l;Talcahuano Bay,Chile 

Vulpecula marina GARMAN 1913 

Alopias caudatus PHILIPPS 1932 t/l;New Zealand 

Alopias greyi WHITLEY 1937 t/l;New South Wales, Australia (Green Thresher, a colour variety) 

Range;Oceanic and coastal. Virtually cicumglobal in warm seas. 

FC 00 012001 

A. SUPERCILIOSUS (Lowe) 1840 Bigeye Thresher 

Alopecias superciliosus LOWE 1840 t/l; Madeira 

Alopias profundus NAKAMURA 1935 t/l; Taiwan ( foetus ) 

Range; Western Med. & E. Atlantic south to S.W. Africa. Eastern USA. 

S.Japan & E. China ; Hawaii; N. & E. Australia.;N.Z.; W. Indian 

Ocean;S. Brazil. 

FC 00 012002 

A. PELAGICUS Nakamura 1935 Pelagic Thresher 

Alopias pelagicus NAKAMURA 1935 t/l; Taiwan ( foetus ) 

Range;Japan; Taiwan;Hawaii; SW Pacific;Red Sea; Somalia; S. Africa. 

FC 00 012003 

ALOPIAS ? sp. 4 

Alopias sp. EITNER 1995 Systematics of the genus Alopias with evidence for the existence of an 

unrecognized species. COPEIA 1995 (3) 

[ Probable new species of thresher shark] 

Family CETORHINIDAE 

Genus CETORHINUS Blainville 1816 

Squalus GUNNERUS 1765 (part) (non LINNAEUS) type; Squalus maximus GUNNERUS 1765 

Halsydrus NEIL 1809 (n. nud); FLEMING 1817; 1822; type; Halsydrus pontopiddani FLEMING 

1817. 

Tetraorcas RAFINESQUE 1810 type; Tetraorcas angiona RAF.1810 

Tetnorcas RAFINESQUE 1815 (error or emend.) 

Squalus (Cetorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type; Squalus ( Cetorhinus) gunneri BLAINV. 

40

1816,substitution for Squalus gunnerianus BLAINVILLE 1810 = Squalus maximus GUNNER.1765 

? Scoliophis ANON. 1817 

Squalus (Selache) CUVIER 1817 type; S. maximus CUVIER = Squalus maximus GUNN. 1765 

Selanche JAROCKI 1822 (error) 

Selachus MINDING 1832 

Ceteorhinus AGASSIZ 1846 (error) 

Polyprosopus COUCH 1867 type; P. macer COUCH 1867 

Hannovera BENEDEN 1871 type; H. aurata BENEDEN (fossil) 

Cethorhinus ESCRIBANO 1909 (error) 

Scapasaurus MARWICK 1942 (n. nud) 

C. MAXIMUS ( Gunner.) 1765 Basking Shark 

Squalus maximus GUNN 1765 t/1; Trondheim, Norway 

Basking Shark PENNANT 1769 

Le Tres Grand BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus maxima BONNATERRE 1788 

Le Squale Tres Grand LACEPEDE 1798 

? Halsydrus pontopiddani FLEMING 1809 (n. nud);1817 t/l; Orkneys 

Squalus gunnerianus BLAINVILLE 1810 

Squalus homianus BLAINVILLE 1810 

Squalus pelegrinus BLAINVILLE 1810 

? Tetraorcas angiona RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus peregrinus BLAINVILLE 1811 

Squale pelerin BLAINVILLE 1811 

Squalus (Cetorhinus) gunneri BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Cetorhinus) shavianus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Scoliophis atlanticus ANON 1817 

Squalus selanonus LEACH 1818 

Squalus rostratus MACRI 1819( Mediterranean) 

Squalus isodus MACRI 1819 (Mediterranean) 

Squalus elephas LESUEUR 1822 (New Jersey) 

Squalus rhinoceros MITCHILL 1828 (New York) 

Squalus rashleighanus COUCH 1838 Cornwall (monstrosity) 

Squalus cetaceous GRAY 1854 (Norway) 

Polyprosopus macer COUCH 1867 (Plymouth) (monstrosity) 

Cetorhinus blainvillii BRITO CAPELLO 1870 

Hannovera aurata BENEDEN 1871 (fossil) 

Selachus pennanti CORNISH 1885 

Cetorhinus maccoyi BARRETT 1933 

Cetorhinus maximus forma infanuncula DEINSE & ADRIANI 1953 

Cetorhinus maximus normani SICCARDI 1961 t/l; S. Atlantic 

Basking Shark; Sunfish; Hoe-mother; Homer; Pelerin; Muldoan 

Range;N. Norway to Med.,Iceland west to E. Coast of USA, Alaska to Baja California;Ecuador to 

Chile and Argentina. S. Australia; New Zealand;Japan and East China. 

FC 00 011001 

Family MEGACHASMIDAE 

Genus MEGACHASMA Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker 1983 

M. PELAGIOS Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker 1983 Megamouth Shark 

Megachasma pelagios TAYLOR, COMPAGNO & STRUHSAKER 1983 t/l; Off Oahu, Hawaiian 

Is.,1975. 

Records; Oahu 1975; off California (WOOD 1986); off Western Australia (1988). 6 specimens now 

41

ecorded. 

FC 00 009001 

Order CARCHARHINIFORMES 

Family SCYLIORHINIDAE 

Subfamily SCYLIORHININAE 

Genus SCYLIORHINUS 

Genus PORODERMA 

Genus CEPHALOSCYLLIUM 

Subfamily GALEINAE 

Tribe GALEIN1 

Subtribe GALEINA 

Genus GALEUS 

Genus PARMATURUS 

Genus CEPHALURUS 

Subtribe HALAELURINA 

Genus HALAELURUS 

Genus HAPLOBLEPHARUS 

Genus HOLOHALAELURUS 

Genus ASYMBOLUS 

Tribe APRISTURINI 

Genus APRISTURUS 

Subfamily ATELOMYCTERINAE 

Genus ATELOMYCTERUS 

Genus AULOHALAELURUS 

Subfamily SCHROEDERICHTHYINAE 

Genus SCHROEDERICHTHYS 

Family SCYLIORHINIDAE 

(Catsharks) 

Scyliorhinidae Incertae sedis :- 

Genus CANINOA Nardo 1841 

Caninoa NARDO 1841, type Caninoa chiereghini NARDO 1841 (based on Squalus barbarus 

CHIERIGHINI undated manuscript) 

42

Caninotus NARDO 1844, emendation for Caninoa NARDO 1841 

Thalassoklephetes GISTEL 1848 (to replace Caninoa NARDO) 

C. CHIEREGHINI Nardo 1841 

Caninoa chiereghini NARDO 1841 on Squalus barbarus CHIEREGHINI (MS) t/l;Venice 

A dubious species for which Nardo erected a special subfamily Caninoini, but which has never been 

seen since and may have been a mutilated or malformed specimen with a single dorsal fin like 

Pentanchus. 

Subfamily SCYLIORHININAE 

Genus SCYLIORHINUS Blainville 1816 

Skyllion ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

Scyllium THEODORE GAZA (1400-1475) 

Galeus BELON 1551 

Canicula RONDELET 1554 

Catulus GESNER 1558 type Catulus major GES. 1558 

Squalus LINN. 1758 (part), type Squalus canicula LINN. 1758 

Catulus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work), type Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 = 

Squalus canicula LINN. Catulus is preoccupied by Kniphof 1759 (Insecta) 

Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part), type Galeus caniculus RAF. 1819 = Squalus canicula LINN. 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus canicula LINN. 

Scyllium CUVIER 1817, type Squalus canicula LINN. 

Scylliorhinus BLAINVILLE 1825 (emendation) 

Catulus A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus canicula LINN. 

Scyllium (Alphascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926, type Squalus canicula LINN. 

Scyllium (Betascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926, type Squalus stellaris LINN. 

Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special 

scheme for terminology of clasper glans morphology and not available as formal names within the 

scheme of zoological classification (Jordan 1925). 

Scylliorhynchus NOBRE 1935 (error) 

FOSSIL 

Scylliodus AGASSIZ 1843 type S. antiquus AG. 

Thyallina AGASSIZ 1843 type T. angusta AG. 

Palaeoscyllium WAGNER 1857 type P. decheni MAREK 

Trigonodus WINKLER 1876 type T. primus WINKLER 

SQUALUS (SCYLIORHINUS) Blainville 1816 Nominae Nudae 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) myops BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) breviculus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) punctatus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) punctulatus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) unicolor BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) variegatus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) lambarda BLAINVILLE 1816 

May be Scyliorhinids or Orectolobiformes. 

S. CANICULUS (Linn.)1758 Lesser Spotted Dogfish; Rough Hound; Sandy Dog 

Galeus stellaris major BELON 1553 

Canicula aristotelis RONDELET 1554 

Catulus minor SALVIANI 1554 

Kleiner Hundfisch GESNER 1558 

Catulus major vulgaris RAY 1713 

43

Squalus sp. ARTEDI 1738 

Galeus capito rostroque brevissimus KLEIN 1744 

Squalus canicula LINN. 1758 

Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) (part) 

Catulus stellaris major DUHAMEL 1769-82 

Petite Rousette DUHAMEL 1769-82 

Spotted Dogfish (male) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall) 

Lesser Spotted Dogfish (female) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall) 

Le squale rochier LACEPEDE 1798 

Galeus catulus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) elegans BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

Rough Hound COUCH 1867 

? Scyllium spinacipellitum VAILLANT 1888.( A doubtful synonym of caniculus according to 

Compagno (1988), but Seret (1990) made this a senior synonym of Scyliorhinus atlanticus 

KOEFFED 1927 (Apristurus) and proposed rejection of Vaillant's name in favour of Koeffed.) 

? Scyllium acutidens VAILLANT 1888 

Scyliorhinus canicula var. albomaculata PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; West Coast of Morocco. 

Catulus duhamelii GARMAN 1913 (Med.) Dwarf race. 

Lesser Spotted Dogfish;Small-Spotted Catshark;Rough Hound;Cur Fish; Daw 

Fish;Rowhound;Huss;Suss;Sea Nurse;Robin Huss;Morgay; Land Dog; Hondshaie; Kleiner 

Hundfisch; Petite Rousette. 

Range; Norway to Med. & to Black Sea,south to Senegal. 

S. STELLARIS (Linn.)1758 Larger Spotted Dogfish; Nursehound; Bull 

Huss; Grande Rousette; Bounce. 

Skyllion asterias ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

Scyllium stellata THEODORE GAZA (1400-1475) 

Galeus stellaris minor BELON 1553 

Catulus major SALVIANI 1554 

Canicula saxatilis RONDELET 1554 

Grosser Hundfisch GESNER 1558 

Catulus maximus WILLUGHBY 1686 

Squalus stellaris LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo" 

Squalus catulus LINN. 1758 

Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) (part) 

Catulus saxatilis VALMONT 1768 ( Inadmissible work) 

Le Chat Rochier DUHAMEL 1769-82; BROUSSONET 1780 

Greater Spotted Dogfish PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall) 

Le squale roussette LACEPEDE 1798 

Rock Shark SHAW 1804 

Scyllium stellare FLEMING 1828 

? Scyllium acanthonotum FILIPPI & VERANY 1853 

Nurse Hound COUCH 1867 

Range;Atlantic coasts of Europe. Med. to Senegal. 

S. CAPENSIS (Muller & Henle)1841 Yellow-spotted Catshark 

Scyllium capense MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. 

Scyliorhinus capensis REGAN 1908 (Natal) 

Range; South Africa. 

S. RETIFER (Garman) 1881 Chain Dogfish; Chain Catshark 

Scyllium retiferum GARMAN 1881 t/l; 38 23 N., 73 34 W., off Virginia. 

Scyliorhinus retifer JORDAN & GILBERT 1883 

Range ; Southern New England to Nicaragua. 

Retifer - boa - haeckeli - meadi - besnardi form a sp./subspp. complex. 

44

S. BOA (Goode & Bean) 1895 Boa Catshark 

Scylliorhinus boa GOODE & BEAN 1895 t/l; off Barbados,Lesser Antilles. 

Range; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Lesser Antilles; Continental Atlantic coast from Honduras to Colombia. 

?Brazil. 

S. HAECKELI ( Ribeiro) 1907 Freckled Catshark 

Catulus haeckelii RIBEIRO 1907 t/l; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. 

Scyliorhinus fernandezi WEIBEZAHN 1953 t/l; Venezuela 

Range; Western Venezuela to Uruguay on Atlantic coast of continental America. 

S. TORAZAME (Tanaka) 1908 Cloudy Catshark 

Catulus torazame TANAKA 1908 t/l; Misaki,Sagami Sea, Japan. 

Scylliorhinus rudis PIETSCHMANN 1908 t/l; Japan. 


S. GARMANI (Fowler) 1934 Brownspotted Catshark 

Halaelurus garmani FOWLER 1934 t/l; East Indies. 

Range; East Indies. 

S. TORREI Howell-Rivero 1936 Dwarf Catshark 

Catulus boae SANCHEZ-ROIG 1931 

Scylliorhinus torrei HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; off Havana, Cuba. 

Range; Bahamas; Florida; North coast of Cuba. 

S. MEADI Springer 1966 Blotched Catshark 

Scyliorhinus meadi SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Florida 

Range; North Carolina to Florida; Cuba; Bahamas. 

S. HESPERIUS Springer 1966 White-saddled Catshark 

Scyliorhinus hesperius SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Caribbaean coast of Panama 

Range;Caribbaean coast of Panama,Honduras and Colombia. 

S. CERVIGONI Maurin & Bonnet 1970 West African Catshark 

Scyliorhinus cervigoni MAURIN & BONNET 1970 t/l; Mauretania 

Range; Mauretania to Angola. 

S. BESNARDI Springer & Sadowsky 1970 Polkadot Catshark 

Scyliorhinus retifer besnardi SPRINGER & SADOWSKY 1970 t/l; North Uruguay. 

Range ; N. Uruguay. 

S. COMOROENSIS Compagno 1988 Comoro Catshark 

Scyliorhinus comoroensis COMPAGNO 1988 t/l; Comoro Is., Western Indian Ocean. 

Range;Comoro Is. 

S. TOKUBEE Shirai, Hagiwara & Nakaya 1992 Izu Catshark 

Scyliorhinus tokubee SHIRAI, HAGIWARA & NAKAYA 1992 t/l; Izu Peninsula, Japan. 

Range; Izu Peninsula, Japan. 

Genus PORODERMA A. Smith 1837 

Poroderma A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus africanus GMELIN 1789 

Conoporoderma FOWLER 1934, type Scyllium pantherinum MUELLER & HENLE 1841 ( For 

pantherinus and marleyi ) 

45

P. AFRICANUM ( Gmelin ) 1789 Pyjama Shark; Striped Catshark; Lui haai; Lazy shark 

Le Barbillion BROUSSONET 1780 

Le Galonne BROUSSONET 1780 

? Squalus fasciatus BONNATERRE 1788 

Squalus africanus GMELIN 1789 t/l;" Mari Africanum " 

Squalus vittatus WALBAUM 1792 (inadmissible work) Name founded on Broussonet's description. 

Squalus vittatus SHAW & NODDER 1798 

Scyllium africanum A. SMITH 1837 t/l; Cape of Good Hope 

Squalus striatus FORSTER in LICHTENSTEIN 1844 

Range; South Africa;Mauritius;Madagascar. 

P. PANTHERINUM (Smith in Muller & Henle)1838 Leopard Catshark 

P. pantherinum pantherinum (Smith in Muller & Henle)1838 

Poroderma pantherinum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.) 

Scyllium pantherinum SMITH in MULLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; Cape of Good Hope 

Poroderma variegatum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.) t/l; Cape of Good Hope 

? Poroderma submaculatum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.) t/l; Cape of Good Hope 

Scyllium variegatum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cape of Good Hope 

Scyllium leopardinum (VAN HORST) MULLER & HENLE 1841 (name in synonymy) 

Scyllium maeandrinum (RAPP) MULLER & HENLE 1841 (name in synonymy) 

Range;Natal, S.Africa;Mauritius 

P. pantherinum marleyi (FOWLER) 1934 

Scyliorhinus regani FOWLER 1925 (non GILCHRIST ) 

Poroderma marleyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Natal coast 

Scyliorhinus leopardus FOWLER 1935 t/l; Durban, Natal. Lapsus for marleyi 

Range;Natal 

There are 3 varieties of this species. A "typical" form with rosettes, "marleyi" with large black spots 

and a "salt and pepper" variety with small black spots. 

Genus CEPHALOSCYLLIUM Gill 1862 

(Swellsharks) 

Cephaloscyllium GILL 186, type Scyllium laticeps DUMERIL 1853 

Group 1 Isabellum group 

C. ISABELLUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Isabel's Swellshark; Draughtsboard Shark 

L'Isabelle BROUSSONET 1780 

Squalus isabella BONNATERRE 1788 t/l;"La mer du sud" 

Squalus sabella GMELIN 1789 

Scyllium ? lima RICHARDSON 1842 t/l; New Zealand 

Range; New Zealand;Taiwan; SE Honshu,Japan. 

C. LATICEPS (Dumeril) 1853 Australian Swellshark 

Scyllium laticeps DUMERIL 1853 t/l; "New Holland" 

Cephaloscyllium indicum JORDAN & SNYDER 1901 (non GMELIN 1789) 

Cephaloscyllium laticeps forma nascione WHITLEY 1932 t/l;Montague I., N.S.W., Australia. 

Range; South Australia;Tasmania;N.S.W.,Australia. 

FC 00 015001 

C. UMBRATILE Jordan & Fowler 1903 Japanese Swellshark 

Cephaloscyllium umbratile JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan. 

Cephaloscyllium formosanum TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan 

Range; Japan; Taiwan 

Group 2 Ventiosum group 

46

C. VENTRIOSUM (Garman) 1880 East Pacific Swellshark 

Scyllium ventriosum GARMAN 1880 t/l; Chile 

Catulus uter JORDAN & GILBERT 1896 t/l; California 

Range; California to Southern Mexico; Chile. 

Group 3 Sufflans group 

C. SUFFLANS (Regan) 1921 Balloon Shark 

Scyliorhinus (Cephaloscyllium) sufflans REGAN 1908 t/l; Natal,S. Africa 

Range;Natal;S.Mozambique. 

Group 4 Fasciatum group 

C. FASCIATUM Chan 1966 Reticulated Swellshark 

Cephaloscyllium fasciatum CHAN 1966 t/l; Hainan 

Range; Hainan;Vietnam;NW. Australia. 

FC 00 015007 

Group 5 Silasi group 

C. SILASI (Talwar) 1974 Indian Swellshark 

Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) silasi TALWAR 1974 t/l; off Quilon,Kerala,India. 

Range; SW. India. 

Un-named Species of Cephaloscyllium 

Cephaloscyllium sp. RANDALL New Guinea Swellshark 

Cephaloscyllium sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Dwarf Oriental Swellshark 

Cephaloscyllium sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Dwarf Balloon Shark 

Cephaloscyllium sp. SERET New Caledonia Swellshark 

Cephaloscyllium sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Whitefin Swellshark 

= Cephaloscyllium nascione MAY & MAXWELL 1986 (non WHITLEY) misidentification. 

cf. isabella, but not isabella, laticeps or nascione. 

Range; N.S.W.; Tasmania;S.Aus. 

FC 00 015013 

Cephaloscyllium sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Saddled Swellshark 

Range; slope off N.E.Aus., between Townsville and Saumarez Reef 

FC 00 015030 

Cephaloscyllium sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 NorthernDraughtsboard Shark 

Range; outer shelf,Northern NSW and Queensland 

FC 00 015031 

Cephaloscyllium sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Narrowbar Swellshark 

Range; Flinders Rocks, Queensland 

FC 00 015032 

Cephaloscyllium sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Speckled Swellshark 

Range;Rowley Shoals,W.Aus. and Lihou Reef,Queensland 

FC 00 015033 

Subfamily GALEINAE 

Tribe GALEIN1 

47

Subtribe GALEINA 

Genus GALEUS Rafinesque 1810 

(Sawtail Catsharks) 

Squalus GUNNERUS 1765 (part) 

Galeus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) 

Galeus KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work) 

Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810,by subsequent 

designation of BONAPARTE 1834. 

Scyllium RISSO 1810 (part), (non CUVIER) 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1825 (part) 

Pristiurus BONAPARTE 1831 (nom. nud.) 

Scyllium (Pristiurus) BONAPARTE 1834, type Scyllium (Pristiurus) melanostomum BONAPARTE 

1834 = Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810 

Pristidurus AGASSIZ 1838 (emendation) 

Pristiurus (Figaro) WHITLEY 1928,type Pristiurus ( Figaro )boardmani WHITLEY (subgenus) 

G. MELASTOMUS Rafinesque 1810 Black-mouthed Dogfish 

Haae gjale STROEM 1762 

Squalus catulus GUNNER 1765 (non LINN. 1758) t/l; off Trondhiem,Norway 

Rod haae ASCANIUS 1777 

Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810,t/l; Sicily 

Squalus catulus (female) RISSO 1810 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) delarochianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.);1825 

Scyllium artedi RISSO 1820 t/l;Nice, France 

Squalus prionurus OTTO 1821 

Squalus annulatus NILSSON 1832 

Scylliorhinus melanostomus BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy. 

Black-mouthed dogfish YARRELL 1836 

Pristiurus souverbiei LAFONT 1866 t/l; Coast of Gironde, France 

Range; Norway & Faroes to Mediterranean,Morocco & Madeira;South to Senegal. 

G. ATLANTICUS (Vaillant) 1888 Atlantic Sawtail Catshark 

Pristiurus atlanticus VAILLANT 1888 t/l; Cape Spartal, Morocco. 

Range; Morocco & Spain. 

G. MURINUS (Collett) 1904 Mouse Catshark 

Pristiurus murinus COLLETT 1904 t/l;Faroe Channel, off Iceland. 

Pristiurus jenseni SAEMUNDSSON 1923 t/l; S.Coast of Iceland. 

Range; Iceland;Faroes. 

G. EASTMANI (Jordan & Snyder) 1904 Gecko Catshark 

Pristiurus eastmani JORDAN & SNYDER 1904 t/l; off Idzu, Japan. 

Range; Japan to Vietnam. 

G. SAUTERI (Jordan & Richardson) 1909 Blacktip Sawtail Catshark 

Pristiurus sauteri JORDAN & RICHARDSON 1909 t/l; Takao, Taiwan. 

Range; Taiwan. Possibly Japan & Philippines 

G. ARAE (Nicholls) 1927 Marbled Sawtail Catshark;Roughtail Catshark 

G. a. arae (Nicholls) 1927 

Pristiurus arae NICHOLLS 1927 t/l; Florida. 

Galeus cadenati SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Caribbaean coast of Panama. 

Range; Florida to Colombia on the continental coast of America 

G. a. antillensis Springer 1979 

Galeus arae antillensis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Leeward Is. 

Range; Leeward Is., West Indies 

48

G. BOARDMANI (Whitley) 1928 Australian Sawtail Catshark 

Pristiurus (Figaro) boardmani WHITLEY 1928 t/l; off Montagu I., N.S.W., Australia 

Figaro boardmani socius WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Australian Bight. 

Range; Western Australia to N.S.W., Australia. 

FC 00 015009 

G. POLLI Cadenat 1959 African Sawtail Catshark 

Galeus polli CADENAT 1959 t/l; Senegal, West Africa. 

Range; Southern Morocco to Namibia. 

G. PIPERATUS Springer & Wagner 1966 Peppered Catshark 

Galeus piperatus SPRINGER & WAGNER 1966 t/l; Gulf of California 

Range; Gulf of California 

G. NIPPONENSIS Nakaya 1975 Broadfin Sawtail Catshark 

Galeus nipponensis NAKAYA 1975 t/l; Sea of Japan. 

Range; Japan. 

G. SCHULTZI Springer 1979 Dwarf Sawtail Catshark 

Galeus schultzi SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Philippines 

Range; Philippines 

G. LONGIROSTRIS Tachikawa & Taniuchi 1986 Longnose Sawtail Catshark 

Galeus longirostris TACHIKAWA &TANIUCHI 1986 t/l; Japan. 

G. GRACILIS Compagno & Stevens 1993 Slender Sawtail Catshark 

Galeus sp. A LAST &STEVENS 1993 

Galeus gracilis COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l; Upper slope ,north of Melville I.,Western Aus. 

9 49 S., 135 15 E. in 290 m. 

Range; Upper slope W. Australia & Northern Territory, Cape Cuvier to Port Hedland, NW Aus., 

Melville I., Northern Territory & N. Queensland 

Holotype: CSIRO H. 1208 

FC 00 015008 

Galeus sp. B LAST &STEVENS 1993 Northern Sawtail Catshark 

N.E. Australia from Rockhampton to Townsville,Queensland. 

FC 00 015034 

Genus PARMATURUS Garman 1906 

(Filetail Catsharks) 

Parmaturus GARMAN 1906, type Parmaturus pilosus GARMAN 1906 

Dichichthys CHAN 1966, type Dichichthys melanobranchius CHAN 1966 

P. XANIURUS (Gilbert) 1892 Filetail Catshark 

Catulus xaniurus GILBERT 1892 t/l; Southern & Lower California in 184-684 fms. 

Range;Central California to Southern Mexico. 

P. PILOSUS Garman 1906 Salamander Shark 

Parmaturus pilosus GARMAN 1906 t/l;Sagami Bay, Japan 

Pristiurus hertwigi ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Yokohama & Asburatsubo,Japan. 

Range; Southern Japan 

P. MELANOBRANCHIUS (Chan) 1966 Blackgill Catshark 

Dichichthys melanobranchius CHAN 1966 t/l; South China Sea 

? Figaro piceus CHU,MENG & LIU 1983 t/l; China. 


49

P. CAMPECHIENSIS Springer 1979 Campeche Catshark 

Parmaturus campechiensis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Bay of Campeche, Mexico. 

Range;Bay of Campeche, Mexico. 

P. MACMILLANI Hardy 1985 New Zealand Filetail Catshark 

Parmaturus macmillani HARDY 1985 t/l; New Zealand. 

Range; N.Z. 

Parmaturus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Shorttail Catshark 

Saumarez Plateau off N.E. Australia. 

FC 00 015036 

Genus CEPHALURUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1941 

Cephalurus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1941, type Catulus cephalus GILBERT 1891 

C. CEPHALUS (Gilbert) 1891 Headshark; Lollipop Catshark 

Catulus cephalus GILBERT 1891 t/l;Gulf of California in 362 fthms. & Clarion Island in 460 

fthms. 

Range; Gulf of California and Revillagigedo Is. 

Subtribe HALAELURINA 

Genus HALAELURUS Gill 1862 

Subgenus HALAELURUS Gill 1862 

Halaelurus GILL 1862, type Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE 1838 

Scyllium (Gammascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926 type Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE 

1838 

Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special 

scheme for terminology of clasper glans morphology and not available as formal names within the 

scheme of zoological classification (Jordan 1925). 

H. BUERGERI (Mueller & Henle) 1838 Blackspotted Catshark 

Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; Japan 

Range;Japan;Korea;China; Taiwan. 

H. QUAGGA (Alcock) 1899 Quagga Catshark 

Scyllium quagga ALCOCK 1899 t/l; off Malabar coast,India 

Range;Indian Ocean,Malabar and Somalia. 

H. NATALENSIS (Regan) 1904 Tiger Catshark 

Scyllium natalense REGAN 1904 t/l;Natal 

Range; South Africa, Western Cape to Mozambique. 

H. BOESEMANI Springer & d'Aubrey 1972 Speckled Catshark 

Halaelurus boesemani SPRINGER & D'AUBREY 1972 t/l; off Somalia 

Range;Somalia; Gulf of Aden;Vietnam;Philippines;Amboina; N.W.Australia. 

FC 00 015004 

H. LINEATUS Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy 1975 Lined Catshark 

Halaelurus lineatus BASS,D'AUBREY & KISTNASAMY 1975 t/l;Durban,Natal close inshore. 

Range;Natal & S.Mozambique. 

50

Subgenus BYTHAELURUS Compagno 1988 

Bythaelurus COMPAGNO 1988, type Scyllium canescens GUNTHER 1988 

H. CANESCENS (Gunther) 1878 South American Dusky Catshark 

Scyllium canescens GUNTHER 1878 t/l; S.W. coast of South America. 

Range;Peru to Straits of Magellan. 

H. HISPIDUS (Alcock) 1891 Bristly Catshark 

Scyllium hispidum ALCOCK 1891 t/l; Andaman Is. 

Range;Andaman Is.,Southern India; ?East Africa. 

H. ALCOCKI Garman 1913 Arabian Catshark 

Scyllium canescens ALCOCK 1896 (non GUNTHER 1878) 

Halaelurus alcockii GARMAN 1913 t/l; Arabian Sea. 

Range; Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. This is a sp.dub. according to Springer 1979 and Compagno 1984. 

H. DAWSONI Springer 1971 New Zealand Catshark 

Halaelurus dawsoni SPRINGER 1971 t/l; New Zealand 

Range; Southern New Zealand 

H. LUTARIUS Springer & D'Aubrey 1972 Mud Catshark 

Halaelurus lutarius SPRINGER & D'AUBREY 1972 t/l; Delagoa Bay,Mozambique. 

Range;Mozambique;Somalia. 

H. IMMACULATUS Chu & Meng 1982 Spotless Catshark 

Halaelurus immaculatus CHU & MENG 1982 t/l; South China Sea east of Hainan. 

Range; South China Sea east of Hainan. 

H. CLEVAI Seret 1987 Broadhead Catshark 

Halaelurus clevai SERET 1987 t/l; Madgascar 

Range;Madgascar 

Halaelurus (Bythaelurus) sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Australian Dusky Catshark 

Range; Continental slope off Ashmore Reef,North Australia. 

FC 00 015035 

Genus HAPLOBLEPHARUS Garman 1913 

(Shy-eye Catsharks; Skaamoogs) 

Haploblepharus GARMAN 1913, type Scyllium edwardsii VOIGT (in CUVIER 1832) 

H. EDWARDSI (Voigt) 1832 Puffadder Shyshark; Poffadderhaai 

Squalus catulus EDWARDS 1764 

Scyllium d'Edwards CUVIER 1817 

Scyllium edwardsii VOIGT (in CUVIER 1832) 

Range; S. Africa, Cape to Natal.Two forms recognised, a Cape form, and a Natal form,which may 

be a distinct species, see No.4 

H. PICTUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Dark Shyshark 

Scyllium pictum MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;Cape of Good Hope 

Range;S. Africa,Namibia to Cape. 

H. FUSCUS J.L.B. Smith 1950 Brown Shyshark 

Haploblepharus fuscus J.L.B.Smith 1950 t/l; East London & Knysna, South Africa. 

Range;S. Africa,Natal &Cape. 

51

Haploblepharus sp. COMPAGNO Natal Natal Shyshark 

Genus HOLOHALAELURUS Fowler 1934 

Halaelurus (Holohalaelurus) FOWLER 1934, type Scylliorhinus regani GILCHRIST 1922 

H. PUNCTATUS (Gilchrist & Thompson) 1914 South African Spotted Catshark 

Scylliorhinus punctatus GILCHRIST & THOMPSON) 1914 t/l; Natal 

Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) polystigma REGAN 1921 t/l; Natal 

Range; Natal, South Africa 

H. REGANI (Gilchrist) 1922 Izak Catshark 

Scylliorhinus regani GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Cape Seas. 

? Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) melanostigma NORMAN 1939 t/l; Zanzibar 

Range; South Africa. ?Zanzibar 

Holohalaelurus sp. 1 COMPAGNO cf. punctatus East African Spotted Catshark 

Holohalaelurus sp. 2 COMPAGNO cf. regani Tropical Izak Catshark 

Range; ? Somalia south to Mozambique. 

Genus ASYMBOLUS Whitley 1939 

Scyliorhinus (Asymbolus) WHITLEY 1939, type Scyllium anale OGILBY 1885 

Scyliorhinus (Juncrus) WHITLEY 1939, type Scyllium vincenti ZIETZ 1908 

A. ANALIS (Ogilby) 1885 Grey Spotted Catshark 

Scyllium maculatum RAMSAY 1880 ( non GUNTHER ) 

Scyllium anale OGILBY 1885 t/l; Port Jackson, NSW. 

Range; NSW. &Tasmania to S.W.Australia. 

FC 00 015027 

A. VINCENTI (Zietz) 1908 Gulf Catshark 

Scyllium vincenti ZIETZ 1908 t/l; Investigator Strait & Kangaroo I.,S. Aus. 

Range; NSW. &Tasmania to S.W.Australia. 

FC 00 015003 

Asymbolus sp .A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Dwarf Catshark 

Range; NW Australia from Dampier toBuccaneer Archipelago. 

FC 00 015022 

Asymbolus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Blotched Catshark 

Range; Recherche Archipelago, S.coast of Western Australia. 

FC 00 015023 

Asymbolus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 Variegated Catshark 

Asymbolus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 S.W.Australia 

Range; S.W.Aus. 

FC 00 015010 

Asymbolus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Orange- spotted Catshark 

Asymbolus analis LAST,SCOTT &TALBOT 1983 ( non OGILBY ) (misidentification) 

Range;Moreton I.,Queensland & Southeast Cape, Tasmania. 

FC 00 015024 

Asymbolus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Pale-spotted Catshark 

Range;slope between Swain Reefs & Cairns,NE Australia. 

FC 00 015025 

52

Asymbolus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993 Western Spotted Catshark 

Halaelurus analis SCOTT et. al. 1980 (misidentification) 

Range; Fowler's Bay, South Australia to Perth, Western Australia. FC 00 015026 

Asymbolus sp. SERET New Caledonia Spotted Catshark 

Range; New Caledonia 

Asymbolus holotypes possibly included in the above unnamed Australian spp. 

Asymbolus sp. aff. analis holotype CSIRO CA 3338 

Asymbolus sp. aff. vincenti holotype CSIRO CA 3328 

Asymbolus sp. holotype CSIRO CA 3351 

Tribe PENTANCHINI 

( APRISTURINI ) 

Genus APRISTURUS Garman 1913 

(Ghost or Demon Catsharks) 

Pentanchus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Pentanchus profundicolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 

1912 Founded on an abnormal one finned specimen of Apristurus and would in that case be the 

senior synonym of the latter unless referred to the Official List of Rejected Names in Zoology. 

Apristurus GARMAN 1913, type Scylliorhinus indicus BRAUER 1906 

Apristurius SCHULZE 1926 (misspelling) 

Pentanchus (Parapristurus) FOWLER 1934, type Catulus spongiceps GILBERT 1905 

Parmaturus (Compagnoia) SPRINGER 1979, type Parmaturus (Compagnoia) manis SPRINGER 

1979 

A. BRUNNEUS (Gilbert) 1891 Largenose Brown Catshark 

Catulus brunneus GILBERT 1891 t/l; No loc. Perhaps S. California. 

? Scylliorhinus saldanha BARNARD 1925 t/l; Saldanha Bay, S.Africa in 500 fms. 

Apristurus nasutus DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile. 

Apristurus maderensis CADENAT & MAUL 1966 t/l; Madeira 

Apristurus japonicus NAKAYA 1975 t/l; Cape Daito, Honshu, Japan. 

? Apristurus F [COMPAGNO] 1979 Inst. f. Seefisch., Hamburg ( Bill Bailey,Lousy and Great 

Shoal Banks between Ireland & Iceland ) 

Range; Alaska to S. California. Panama to Central Chile. 

Iceland south to Morocco and Madeira 

SW.Cape, S. Africa. 

Honshu, Japan. 

A. PROFUNDORUM (Goode & Bean) 1895 Smalleye Catshark 

Scylliorhinus profundorum GOODE & BEAN 1895 t/l; Delaware Bay, 39 9 N., 72 3 W., in 816 

fthms. 

Scyliorhinus microps GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; off Table Bay, S. Africa. 

Apristurus pinguis DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1983 t/l; Ryukiu Is., E.China Sea. 

Apristurus federovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Honshu, Japan. 

Range; NW Atlantic from Newfoundland to Delaware Bay. 

NE Atlantic from Iceland to Scotland 

SW. Cape Province, S. Africa. 

Japan and East China Sea 

A . SPONGICEPS (Gilbert) 1905 Spongehead Catshark 

Catulus spongiceps GILBERT 1905 t/l;Bird I., Hawaii. 

Range; Hawaiian Is. Nominal record from Celebes. 

A. INDICUS (Brauer) 1906 Smallbelly Catshark 

Scyliorhinus indicus BRAUER 1906 t/l; 2 58 N., 47 E., Indian Ocean, off Southern Somalia. 

53

Pentanchus (Parapristurus) investigatoris MISRA 1962 t/l; Andaman Sea. 

Range; W. Indian Ocean incl. Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman. 

Andaman Sea. 

A. PLATYRHYNCHUS (Tanaka) 1909 Spatulasnout Catshark 

Scyliorhinus platyrhynchus TANAKA 1909 t/l; Misaki Sagami, Honshu, Japan. 

? Pentanchus sp. JORDAN & HUBBS 1925 Japan. 

Pentanchus verweyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; 04 13 N., 118 37 E., Sibuko Bay, Sipadan I., Borneo. 

Apristurus parvipinnis SPRINGER & HEEMSTRA 1979 t/l;off Pensacola, Florida 

Apristurus canutus SPRINGER & HEEMSTRA 1979 t/l; near Anguilla, Leeward Is.,W. Indies. 

Apristurus sinensis CHU & HU 1981 t/l; South China Sea. 

Apristurus acanutus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea. 

? Apristurus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 FC 00 015014 

Range; Japan south to Borneo. ? NW and S.E. Australia. 

Florida through West Indies and Gulf of Mexico to Southern Carribbean and Giuanas 

A. MACRORHYNCHUS (Tanaka) 1909 Flathead Catshark 

Scyliorhinus macrorhynchus TANAKA 1909 t/l; Misaki Sagami, Honshu, Japan. 

Scyllium laurussonii SAEMUNDSSON 1922 t/l; S.coast of Iceland. 

Range; S. Iceland south to Canary Is. 

? South Africa 

Massachusetts to Northern Gulf of Mexico. 

S. Japan; Taiwan 

A. PROFUNDICOLUS (Smith & Radcliffe) 1912 Longfin Catshark 

Pentanchus profundicolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; 10 02 N., 125 19 E., 1000 m. Mindanao 

Sea, Philippines. 

Known only from the type specimen with a single dorsal fin. Founded on what was almost certainly 

an abnormal one finned specimen of Apristurus herklotsi . 

Pentanchus herklotsi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Cagayan I., Jolo Sea, Philippines 

Apristurus longicephalus NAKAYA 1979 t/l; Tosa Bay, Honshu, Japan. 

Range; S. Japan; East China Sea; Philippines; NW Australia; Queensland; Seychelles. 

FC 00 015021 

Apristurus abbreviatus DENG et. al. 1985 t/l; East China Sea. 

Apristurus xenolepis MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea. 

Apristurus brevicaudatus CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea. 

Apristurus longianaIis CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea. 

Apristurus longicaudatus CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range; S. Japan to Philippines. 

NW Australia; Queensland (FC 00 015021); Seychelles. 

A. SIBOGAE (Weber) 1913 Pale Catshark 

Scyliorhinus sibogae WEBER 1913 t/l; 00 32 S., 119 39 E., Makassar Str., between Borneo and 

Celebes, Indonesia in 655 m. 

Range; Makassar Str. between Borneo & Celebes. 

A. ATLANTICUS (Koeffoed) 1927 Broadgill Catshark 

Scylliorhinus atlanticus KOEFFOED 1927 (non VAILLANT 1888) t/l; Canary Is. 

Apristurus riveri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; N. coast of Cuba in 580 fms. 

Range; Canary Is. 

N.coast of Cuba to Western Louisiana. 

C. KAMPAE Taylor 1972 Longnose Catshark 

Apristurus kampae TAYLOR 1972 t/l; Gulf of California. 

Parmaturus (Compagnoia) stenseni SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Gulf of Panama 

Parmaturus (Compagnoia) manis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; SW Nantucket, Massachusetts. 

54

Range; Central California to Gulf of California; Gulf of Panama and Panama Bay. 

Off Massachusetts; West of Ireland; ?Mauretania. 

A number of recently described species have been described from the South China Sea to Australia 

and SW Pacific, S. Africa and California whose status is still indeterminate in relation to the earliernamed 

species. 

A. GIBBOSUS Meng, Chu & Li 1985 Humpback Catshark 

Apristurus gibbosus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea. 


A. MACROSTOMUS Meng, Chu & Li 1985 Broadmouth Catshark 

Apristurus macrostomus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range;South China Sea. 

A. MICROPTERYGIUS Chu, Meng & Li 1986 Smalldorsal Catshark 

Apristurus micropterygius CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea. 

Range;South China Sea. 

Apristurus sp. SERET New Caledonia 

Apristurus sp. SERET Philippines 

Apristurus sp. SERET Indonesia 

Apristurus sp. COMPAGNO California White-edged Catshark 

Apristurus sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT S. Africa Black Wonder Catshark 

Apristurus sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 cf. platyrhynchus /acanutus Bigfin Catshark 

Apristurus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;slope off Queensland & NSW. & off Geraldton, W. Aus. 

FC 00 015015 

Apristurus sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 cf. brunneus Fleshynose Catshark 

Apristurus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;NSW. & S. Aus., S. Tasmania, N.Z. 900-1150 m. A possibly allied species occurs well off 

Perth, W. Aus. 

FC 00 015016 

Apristurus sp. D. Last & Stevens 1993 Roughskin Catshark 

Apristurus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;S. Aus., SW. Aus., South Island, N.Z., ? North N.Z. 

FC 00 015017 

Apristurus sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 Bulldog Catshark 

Apristurus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Broken Bay, NSW. to Beachport, S.Aus. 

FC 00 015018 

Apristurus sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Bighead Catshark 

Apristurus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Perth, W.Aus 3 specimens. 

FC 00 015019 

Apristurus. sp. G Last & Stevens 199 cf. herklotsi Pinocchio Catshark 

Apristurus sp. G LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; slope from N.Queensland to Tasmania, South & West Aus.Part of a possible complex of 

species with a N.Z. relative. 

FC 00 015020 

55

Subfamily ATELOMYCTERINAE 

Genus ATELOMYCTERUS Garman 1913 

Atelomycterus GARMAN 1913, type Scyllium marmoratum BENNETT 1830 

Scyllium (Deltascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926 Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now 

reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special scheme for terminology of clasper glans 

morphology and not available as formal names within the scheme of zoological classification (Jordan 

1925). 

A. MARMORATUS (Bennett) 1830 Marbled Catshark; Coral Catshark 

Scyllium marmoratum BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra 

Scyllium maculatum GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 ) t/l; India 

Scyllium ornatum GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832 t/l; China 

Scyllium pardum (TEMMINCK) MUELLER & HENLE 1838 (name in synonymy) 

Range; Pakistan to Malaya, Philippines,Vietnam and S. China. New Guinea. 

A. MACLEAYI Whitley 1939 Australian Marbled Catshark 

Atelomycterus macleayi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Port Darwin, N.Aus. 

Range; Northern Australia. 

FC 00 015028 

There is currently an unresolved situation in respect of the following two forms;- 

A. FASCIATUS Compagno & Stevens 1993 Banded Sand Catshark or Longlipped spotted 

catshark 

Atelomycterus marmoratus McKAY 1966 (non BENNETT) (part) t/l;Western Aus. 

Atelomycterus sp.[COMPAGNO] 1984 

Atelomycterus sp. SAINSBURY et.al. 1985 

Atelomycterus fasciatus COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l;Onslow,Western Aus. Holotype: 

WAM P 8629 

Range; 

Atelomycteris sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 in part Whitespotted Sand Catshark ( ? = 

fasciatus ) 

Halaelurus sp. 1 SAINSBURY, LEYLAND & KAILOLA 1985 

Atelomycterus macleayi ALLEN & SWAINSTON 1988 (non WHITLEY 1939) 

(misidentification) 

Atelomycterus sp.[COMPAGNO] 1988 

Range; shelf off NW. Australia; Melville I., Gulf of Carpentaria. 

FC 00 015005 

Genus AULOHALAELURUS Fowler 1934 

Halaelurus (Aulohalaelurus) FOWLER 1934, type Catulus labiosus WAITE 1905 

A. LABIOSUS (Waite) 1905 Australian Blackspotted Catshark 

? Squalus maculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non BONN. 1788) (Oriental Ocean) 

Squalus (Scyliorhinus) maculatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

Scyllium maculatum GUNTHER 1870 (Bramble Bay, Queensland) 

Catulus labiosus WAITE 1905 t/l; Freemantle, W. Australia. 

Range; Western Australia 

56

FC 00 015029 

A. KANAKORUM Seret 1990 New Caledonia Catshark 

Aulohalaelurus kanakorum SERET 1990 t/l; New Caledonia 

Range;New Caledonia 

Subfamily SCHROEDERICHTHYINAE 

(Narrowtail Catsharks) 

Genus SCHROEDERICHTHYS Springer 1966 

Schroederichthys SPRINGER 1966, type Schroederichthys maculatus SPRINGER 1966 

S. BIVIUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Narrow-mouthed Catshark 

Scyllium bivium MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; "Cape of Good Hope" in error. Does not occur in 

South African waters. 

Scyllium gayi PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile 

Range;Chile;Patagonia;Argentina. 

S. CHILENSIS (Guichenot) 1848 Redspotted Catshark 

Scyllium chilense GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile 

? Scyllium brevicolle PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile 

Range;off Peru & Chile. 

S. MACULATUS Springer 1966 Narrowtail Catshark 

Schroederichthys maculatus SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Western Caribbean (Range;off Honduras & 

Nicaragua) 

Range;off Honduras & Nicaragua 

S. TENUIS Springer 1966 Slender Catshark 

Schroederichthys tenuis SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Brazil, mouth of the Amazon. 

Range; 

Family PROSCYLLIIDAE 

(Finback Catsharks) 

Genus PROSCYLLIUM Hilgendorf 1904 

Proscyllium HILGENDORF 1904, type Scyllium habereri HILGENDORF 1904 

Calliscyllium TANAKA 1912, type Calliscyllium venustum TANAKA 1912 

P. HABERERI (Hilgendorf) 1904 Graceful Catshark 

Scyllium habereri HILGENDORF 1904 t/l; Takao, Taiwan. 

Calliscyllium venustum TANAKA 1912 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan 

Range; S. Japan & Korea suoth to South China Sea. North of Java. 

Genus ERIDACNIS H.M. Smith 1913 

Eridacnis H.M. SMITH 1913, type Eridacnis radcliffei H.M. SMITH 1913 

Neotriakis J.L.B. SMITH 1957, type Neotriakis sinuans J.L.B. SMITH 1957 

E. RADCLIFFEI H.M. Smith 1913 Pygmy Ribbontail Catshark 

Eridacnis radcliffei H.M. SMITH 1913 t/l; off Jolo I., Sulu Sea, Philippines 

Proscyllium alcocki MISRA 1950 t/l; Andaman Sea 

Range;Gulf of Aden;Kenya; Bay of Bengal; S. India; Andamans; Gulf of Tonkin;Philippines. 

E. BARBOURI ( Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1944 Cuban Ribbontail Catshark 

57

Triakis barbouri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; N.coast of Cuba. 

Range; N.coast of Cuba to S.Florida. 

E. SINUANS (J. L. B. Smith) 1957 African Ribbontail Catshark 

Neotriakis sinuans J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Durban,Natal. 

Range; Natal to Mozambique 

Genus CTENACIS Compagno 1973 

Ctenacis COMPAGNO 1973, type Triakis fehlmanni SPRINGER 1968 

C. FEHLMANNI (Springer) 1968 Harlequin Catshark 

Triakis fehlmanni SPRINGER 1968 t/l; SW. of Cape Guardafui,Somalia. 

Range; Off Somalia. 

FAMILY PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE 

Genus PSEUDOTRIAKIS Bocage & Capello 1868 

Pseudotriakis CAPELLO 1868, type Pseudotriakis microdon CAPELLO 1868 

Pseudotriacis GUNTHER 1870 (Emendation) 

P. MICRODON Capello 1867 False Catshark; Oshizame 

Pseudotriakis microdon CAPELLO 1868 t/l; Setubal, Portugal 

Pseudotriakis acrales JORDAN & SNYDER 1904 t/l; Japan. 

Pseudotriakis acrages GARMAN 1913 (emendation) 

Range;N.E.Atlantic;New England;S. Japan;Taiwan; Hawaii; North Madgascar. 

Genus GOLLUM Compagno 1973 

Gollum COMPAGNO 1973, type Triakis attenuata GARRICK 1954 

G. ATTENUATUS (Garrick) 1954 Slender Smoothhound 

Triakis attenuata GARRICK 1954 t/l; Cape Palliser, North Island, New Zealand. 

Range; New Zealand 

Genus and species nov. COMPAGNO, STEHMANN & ANDERSON Pygmy False Catshark 

Family LEPTOCHARIIDAE 

Genus LEPTOCHARIAS Smith in Muller & Henle 1838 

Leptocharias SMITH in MULLER & HENLE 1838, type Triaenodon smithii MULLER & HENLE 

1839 

Leptocharias MULLER & HENLE 1839 (lapsus) 

Leptocarcharias GUNTHER 1870 (emendation) 

L. SMITHII (Muller & Henle) 1839 Barbelled Houndshark 

Trieanodon smithii MULLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Kabenda Bay,West Africa. 

Mustelus osborni FOWLER 1923 t/l; Mouth of the Congo. 

Range; E.Atlantic. Mauretania to Angola 

58

Subfamily TRIAKINAE 

Tribe TRIAKINI 

Genus MUSTELUS Linck 1790 

Genus TRIAKIS M.&H. 1838 

Tribe SCYLLIOGALEINI 

Genus SCYLLIOGALEUS Boulenger 1902 

Subfamily GALEORHININAE 

Tribe GALEORHININI 

Genus GALEORHINUS Blainville 1816 

Genus HYPOGALEUS J.L.B.Smith 1957 

Tribe IAGINI 

Genus HEMITRIAKIS Herre 1923 

Genus FURGALEUS Whitley 1951 

Genus IAGO Compagno & Springer 1971 

Genus GOGOLIA Compagno 1973 

Family TRIAKIDAE 

Subfamily TRIAKINAE 

Tribe TRIAKINI 

Genus MUSTELUS Linck 1790 

? Galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

? Mustelus THEODORUS 1470 

Mustelus SALVIANI 1554 

Mustelus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work), type Galeus stellatus VALMONT 1768 = Squalus 

mustelus LINN.1758 

Mustelus LINCK 1790, type Mustelus laevis LINCK 1790 by monotypy = Squalus mustelus 

LINN.1758 

Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part) Included Squalus mustelus LINN. 

Squalus (Galeorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), included hinnulus BLAINVILLE = Mustelus 

asterias CLOQUET, and Squalus galeus LINN. (The tope) 

Emissola JAROCKI 1822, type Squalus mustelus FORSTER 1777 (logotype) 

Myrmillo GISTEL 1848 ( substitute for Mustelus, believed preoccupied by Mustela LINN. 

(Mammalia; Mustelidae ) 

Rhinotriacis GILL 1862 (part) included Rhinotriacis henlei GILL 

Pleuracromylon GILL 1864, type Mustelus laevis RISSO 1826 (n. nud.), Mustelus laevis M.&H. 

1841. 

Rhinotriakis GILL 1883 (part), included M. laevis RISSO 

Cynias GILL 1903, type Squalus canis MITCHILL 1815 

Allomycter GUITART 1972, type A. dissutus GUITART 1972 ? = Squalus canis MITCHILL 

M. MUSTELUS (Linn.) 1758 Smooth Dogfish; Smoothhound 


? Mustelus THEODORUS 1470 

59

Mustelus laevis SALVIANI 1554 

Galeus laevis RONDELET 1554 

Glatt Seehund GESNER 1558 

Squalus mustelus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeao" 

Smooth Dogfish BROOKES 1763 

Galeus stellatus VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work) 

Smooth hound PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall, England) 

Mustelus laevis LINCK 1790 (substitute for Squalus mustelus LINN.) 

Le squale emissole LACEPEDE 1798 

Mustelus vulgaris CLOQUET 1821 

Mustelus levis RISSO 1826 (emendation) 

Mustelus equestris BONAPARTE 1834 (part) t/l; Italy 

Range; Eastern Atlantic. North Sea to Med. and South Africa. 

M. CANIS (Mitchill) 1817 Dusky Smoothhound 

Squalus canis MTCHILL 1817 t/l; New York 

? Allomycter dissutus GUITART 1972 

Range;Western Atlantic. Cape Cod to Antilles and Northern Gulf of Mexico. Uruguay and Northern 

Argentina. 

M. ASTERIAS Cloquet 1819 Stellate Smoothhound 

Galeus asterias RONDELET 1554 

Galeus stellatus GESNER 1558 

Sternhund GESNER 1558 

Mustelus asterias VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work) 

Squalus (Galeorhinus) hinnulus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

Mustelus asterias CLOQUET 1819 (on RONDELET 1554 ) t/l; Europe. 

Squalus hinnulus BLAINVILLE 1825 

Mustelus stellatus RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice,France 

Mustelus plebejus BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy 

Mustelus equestris BONAPARTE 1834 (part) t/l; Italy 

Squalus albomaculatus PLUCAR 1846 t/l; Trieste. 

Squalus edentulus DODERLEIN 1881 (non BRUNNICH) t/l; Venice 

Range; Eastern North Atlantic. North Sea to Med. and N.W.Africa. 

M. PUNCTULATUS Risso 1826 Blackspot Smoothhound 

Mustelus punctulatus RISSO 1826 t/l;Nice,France 

Mustelus mediterraneus QUIGNARD & CAPAPE 1972 t/l; Mediterranean 

Range; Med. & S. Portugal to Morocco. 

M. MANAZO Bleeker 1857 Starspotted Smoothhound 

Mustelus vulgaris SCHLEGEL 1850 (non CLOQUET 1819) 

Mustelus manazo BLEEKER 1857 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan. 

Range; Japan to Indochina;East Africa; ?Arabian Sea. 

M. HENLEI (Gill) 1863 Brown Smoothhound 

Rhinotriacis henlei GILL 1863 t/l; San Francisco, California. 

Range; N. California to Gulf of California.Ecuador and Peru. 

M. CALIFORNICUS Gill 1864 California Grey Smoothhhound 

Mustelus californicus GILL 1864 t/l; San Francisco, California. 

Range; N. California to Gulf of California. 

M. DORSALIS Gill 1864 Sharpnose Smoothhhound 

Mustelus dorsalis GILL 1864 t/l; Panama. 

Range; West Mexico to Peru. 

M. ANTARCTICUS Gunther 1870 Gummy Shark 

60

Mustelus antarcticus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; N.S.W.;Tasmania; 

Emissola maugeana WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Tasmania 

Emissola ganearum WHITLEY 1945 t/l; 

Range; Most of Australia except tropical north;Tasmania. 

FC 00 017001 

M. MENTO Cope 1877 Speckled Smoothhhound 

Mustelus mento COPE 1877 t/l; Peru 

Mustelus edulis PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile 

Mustelus abbotti EVERMANN & RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Peru. 

Range;Chile;Peru;Galapagos;Argentina. 

M. LUNULATUS Jordan & Gilbert 1883 Sicklefin Smoothhhound 

Mustelus lunulatus JORDAN & GILBERT 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Range; Southern California to Colombia. 

M. MOSIS Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1899 Arabian Hardnose or Moses Smoothhound 

Mustelus mosis KLUNZINGER 1871 (n.nud.) 

Mustelus mosis HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l;Red Sea. 

Range;Red Sea to India.South Africa. 

M. GRISEUS Pietschmann 1908 Spotless Smoothhhound 

Mustelus griseus PIETSCHMANN 1908 t/l; Japan. 

Cynias kanekonis TANAKA 1916 t/l; Japan. 

Range;Japan to Indochina. 

M. FASCIATUS (Garman) 1913 Striped Smoothhhound 

Galeorhinus fasciatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 

Mustelus striatus DEVINCENZI 1920 t/l; Uruguay 

Range;Southern Brazil to Northern Argentina. 

M. LENTICULATUS Phillipps 1932 Spotted Estuary Smoothhhound; Rig 

Mustelus lenticulatus PHILLIPPS 1932 t/l; Wellington Harbour ,New Zealand 

Range; New Zealand. Records of this species from Australia are antarcticus. 

M. NORRISI Springer 1939 Narrowfin Smoothhhound 

Mustelus norrisi SPRINGER 1939 t/l; Englewood, Key West, Florida. 

Range;Florida to Northern South America on continental coast. 

M. SCHMITTI Springer 1939 Narrownose Smoothhhound 

Mustelus schmitti SPRINGER 1939 t/l; off Uruguay and Buenos Aires, Argentina. 

Range;S.Brazil to N.Argentina. 

M. PALUMBES J.L.B. Smith 1957 Whitespot Smoothhhound 

Mustelus palumbes J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Knysna estuary mouth, South Africa. 

Range;South Africa. 

M. HIGMANI Springer & Lowe 1963 Smalleye Smoothhhound 

Mustelus higmani SPRINGER & LOWE 1963 t/l; Surinam 

Range;Venezuela to Brazil. 

M. WHITNEYI Chirichigno 1973 Humpback Smoothhhound 

Mustelus whitneyi CHIRICHIGNO 1973 t/l; Peru 

Range;Peru to Southern Chile. 

Mustelus sp. 1 aff. lunulatus HEEMSTRA 1973 Broadnose Smoothhound 

Gulf of California 

61

Mustelus sp. 2 aff. lunulatus HEEMSTRA 1973 Pacific Arrownose Smoothhound 

Gulf of California 

Mustelus sp. 3 aff. canis HEEMSTRA Gulf of Mexico Smoothhound 

Gulf of Mexico 

Mustelus sp. 4 aff. canis HEEMSTRA 1973 Venezuelan Dwarf Smoothhound 

Venezuela 

Mustelus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Grey Gummy Shark 

Mustelus sp. 5 HEEMSTRA 1973 Tropical Australia. 

Mustelus sp. SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Mustelus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; Isolated records from tropical Australia. 

FC 00 017005 

Mustelus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Whitespotted Gummy Shark 

Mustelus manazo SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 (non BLEEKER) (Misidentification) 

Mustelus sp. STEVENS & McLOUGHLIN 1991 

Mustelus sp. LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Dampier, West Australia and Cairns, Queensland. 

FC 00 017004 

Mustelus sp. cf. manazo SERET New Caledonia. 

Genus TRIAKIS Muller & Henle 1837 

Subgenus TRIAKIS Muller & Henle 1837 

Triakis MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Triakis scyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841 

Triacis GUNTHER 1870 (Emendation) 

T. SCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841 Banded Houndshark; Dochizame 

Triakis scyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;Japan. 

Hemigaleus pingi EVERMANN & SHAW 1927 t/l; Wenchow, China. 

Range; Western North Pacific. Siberia ( Peter the Great Bay ) to China,Japan and Taiwan. 

T. SEMIFASCIATA Girard 1854 Leopard Shark 

Triakis californica GRAY 1851 (n. nud.) 

Triakis semifasciata GIRARD 1854 t/l; San Francisco, California. 

Mustelus felis AYRES 1854 

Range; Eastern North Pacific from Oregon to Baja California. 

Subgenus CAZON De Buen 1959 

Cazon DE BUEN 1959, type Triakis maculata KNER & STEINDACHNER 1867 

T. MEGALOPTERA (A. Smith) 1849 Spotted Gully Shark 

Mustelus megalopterus A. SMITH 1849 t/l; Cape Town. 

Mustelus natalensis STEINDACHNER 1866 t/l; Durban, S. Africa. 

Mustelus nigropunctatus J.L.B. SMITH 1952 t/l; S. Africa. 

Range; Cape Province to Natal, S.Africa. 

T. MACULATA Kner & Steindachner 1867 Spotted Houndshark 

Triakis scyllium DUMERIL 1865 ( non MULLER & HENLE ) 

Triakis scyllium var. maculata KNER & STEINDACHNER 1867 t/l;"Mazatlan, Mexico" Original 

type locality in error, resricted to Callao, Peru by Garman 1913. 

Mustelus nigromaculatus EVERMANN& RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Lobo de Tierra, Peru. 

Range; Peru; Chile;Galapagos. 

62

T. ACUTISPINA Kato 1968 Sharpfin Houndshark 

Triakis acutispina KATO 1968 t/l; Isla de la Plata, Ecuador. 

Range; Ecuador. 

Tribe SCYLLIOGALEINI 

Genus SCYLLIOGALEUS Boulenger 1902 

Scylliogaleus BOULENGER 1902, type Scylliogaleus quecketti BOULENGER 1902 

S. QUECKETTI (Boulenger) 1902 Flapnose Houndshark 

Scylliogaleus quecketti BOULENGER 1902 t/l;off Natal, S. Africa. 

Range; Natal, S. Africa. 

Subfamily GALEORHININAE 

Tribe GALEORHININI 

Genus GALEORHINUS Blainville 1816 


Galeus KLEIN 1742 (part) 

Galeus SCHAEFFER 1760 (Inadmissible work), type Squalus galeus LINN. 

Squalus (Galeorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), included hinnulus BLAINVILLE = Mustelus 

asterias CLOQUET, and Squalus galeus LINN. Type S. galeus LINN. by subsequent designation. 

Squalus (Galeus) CUVIER 1817 (non Galeus RAF. 1810) 

Eugaleus GILL 1865 type Eugaleus galeus GILL = Squalus galeus LINN. 

Notogaleus WHITLEY 1931 type Galeus australis MACLEAY 1881 

G. GALEUS (Linn.) 1758 Tope; Toper; Milandre; Meerhund; Penny Dog; Miller's 

Dog; Blue Dog; Ciglas ( = Blue Dog [Welsh]); Rig: School Shark; Soupfin Shark ; Oil shark; 

" Sharpie"; Snapper; Vaalhaai 


Galeus canis RONDELET 1554 

Canis galeus SALVIANI 1554 

Squalus sp. 9 ARTEDI 1738 

Squalus galeus LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo 

Tope BROOKES 1763 

Milandre DUHAMEL 1769-82 

? Squalus rhinophanes PETIT & LESUEUR in PERON 1807 

Galeus vulgaris FLEMING 1828 t/l; British Isles 

Galeus canis BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy 

Galeus nilssoni BONAPARTE 1846 t/l; "Northern Ocean" 

Galeus communis OWEN 1853 

Galeus linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Goteberg, Sweden. 

Galeus australis MACLEAY 1881 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W., Aus. 

Galeus zyopterus JORDAN & GILBERT 1883 t/l; San Pedro, California. 

Galeus chilensis PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile 

Galeus molinae PHILLIPPI 1887 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile. 

Carcharhinus cyrano WHITLEY 1930 t/l; N.S.W. 

Galeorhinus vitaminicus DE BUEN 1950 t/l; Lobos I.,Peru. 

Range; North Sea to Med. and adjacent Eastern Atlantic. S. and S.W. Africa. Alaska to Lower 

California. Peru to Southern Brazil. Australia;Tasmania; N.Z. 

FC 

63

Genus HYPOGALEUS J.L.B.Smith 1957 

Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) J.L.B SMITH 1957, type Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) zanzibarensis J.L.B 

SMITH 1957. 

H. HYUGAENSIS (Miyosi) 1939 Lesser Soupfin Shark; Blacktip Tope 

Eugaleus hyugaensis MIYOSI 1939 t/l;Hyuga Nada, Japan. 

Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) zanzibarensis J.L.B SMITH 1957 t/l; Zanzibar 

Range;Western Pacific; S.Japan; Taiwan; Australia except Northern coast. 

Western Indian Ocean; Tanzania to South Africa.Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. 

FC 00 017006 

Tribe IAGINI 

Genus HEMITRIAKIS Herre 1923 

Hemitriakis HERRE 1923, type Hemitriakis leucoperiptera HERRE 1923 

H. JAPANICA (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Japanese Topeshark 

Galeus japanicus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Japan. 

Galeorhinus japonicus BLEEKER 1853 (lapsus) 

Range; Japan; East China Sea; ?Amboina; ?New Caledonia. 

H. LEUCOPERIPTERA Herre 1923 Whitefin Topeshark 

Hemitriakis leucoperiptera HERRE 1923 t/l; Dumaguete,Negros,The Philippines. 

Triakis leucoptera FOWLER 1929 (lapsus) 

Range; Philippines. 

H. FALCATA Compagno & Stevens 1993 Sicklefin Houndshark 

Hemitriakis sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Hemitriakis falcata COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l; 16 54 S., 12 50 E., Western 

Aus.Holotype: WAM P 26271-001 

Range; Outer shelf off Port Hedland,W.Aus. 145-200 m. 10 specimens. 

FC 00 017009 

H. ABDITA Compagno & Stevens 1993 Deepwater or Darksnout Sicklefin 

Houndshark 

Hemitriakis sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Hemitriakis abdita COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l;17 38 S., 150 11 E.,Coral Sea Plateau, off 

N.E.Queensland in 225 m. Holotype:CSIRO H 1365 03 

Range;Upper slope off Queensland. 6 specimens. 

FC 00 017010 

Hemitriakis sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Ocellate Topeshark 

Hemitriakis sp. (cf. sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993) New Caledonia 

Genus FURGALEUS Whitley 1951 

Fur WHITLEY 1943 (preoccupied in Insecta), type Fur macki WHITLEY 1943 

Furgaleus WHITLEY 1951, new name for Fur WHITLEY 1943 

F. MACKI (Whitley) 1943 Whiskery Shark 

Fur macki WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Mordiallac,Victoria,Australia 

64

Fur ventralis WHITLEY 1943 t/l;W. & S. Australia. 

Range;Tasmania to N.W. Aus. 

FC 00 017003 

Genus IAGO Compagno & Springer 1971 

Iago COMPAGNO & SPRINGER 1971, type Eugaleus omanensis NORMAN 1939 

I. OMANENSIS (Norman) 1939 Bigeye Houndshark 

Eugaleus omanensis NORMAN 1939 t/l; Gulf of Oman. 

Range; Red Sea and Gulf of Oman to Pakistan. 

I. GARRICKI Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Longnose Houndshark 

Iago garricki FOURMANOIR & RIVATON 1979 t/l; Vate,New Hebrides.250-320 m. 

Range; New Hebrides. 

FC 00 017007 

Iago sp. 1 COMPAGNO 1988 Lowfin Houndshark 

Range; SW.India and Bay of Bengal. 

Iago sp. 2 COMPAGNO 1988 Smallgill Houndshark 

? Triakis lepta ALCOCK (unpublished MS.) 

Range; Gulf of Oman & Arabian Sea. 

Iago sp. cf. omanensis 

Dwarf sp. from Bay of Bengal 

Iago sp. cf. garricki COMPAGNO 1988 

Philippines; Western Australia 

Genus GOGOLIA Compagno 1973 

Gogolia COMPAGNO 1973, type Gogolia filewoodi COMPAGNO 1973 

G. FILEWOODI Compagno 1973 Sailback Houndshark 

Gogolia filewoodi COMPAGNO 1973 t/l; Gogol River mouth, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea. 

Range; N.E.New Guinea 

65

Family HEMIGALEIDAE 

(Weasel Sharks) 

Subfamily HEMIGALEINAE 

Genus HEMIGALEUS Bleeker 1852 

Hemigaleus BLEEKER 1852, type Hemigaleus microstoma BLEEKER 1852 

Negogaleus WHITLEY 1931 (Replacement for Hemigaleus BLEEKER 1852) 

H. MICROSTOMA Bleeker 1852 Sicklefin Weasel Shark 

Hemigaleus microstoma BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java. 

? Hemigaleus machlani HERRE 1929 t/l; Jolo I.,Sulu Sea,Philippines (type destroyed) 

? Negogaleus brachygnathus CHU 1960 t/l; China. 

Range; Java; S. China; Gulf of Thailand; S. India; N. Australia; ? Philippines. 

FC 00 018020 

Hemigaleus sp. cf. microstoma Australian Weasel Shark 

Genus CHAENOGALEUS Gill 1862 

Chaenogaleus GILL 1862,type Hemigaleus macrostoma BLEEKER 1852 

C. MACROSTOMA (Bleeker) 1852 Hooktooth Weasel Shark 

Hemigaleus macrostoma BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia & Samarang, Java 

Hemigaleus balfouri DAY 1878 t/l; Waltair, Coromandel Coast, India. 

? Hypoprion notatus BLEEKER 1850 t/l; Java 

Range;Persian Gulf to China,Taiwan,Java, Celebes. 

Genus PARAGALEUS Budker 1935 

Paragaleus BUDKER 1935, type Paragaleus gruveli BUDKER 1935 ( = Hemigaleus pectoralis 

GARMAN 1906 ) 

P. PECTORALIS (Garman) 1906 Atlantic Weasel Shark 

Hemigaleus pectoralis GARMAN 1906 t/l; "Aquarial Gardens", New York, stated to have been 

collected from Massachusetts and Rhode Island , but the species has never been recorded from the 

Western Atlantic. 

Paragaleus gruveli BUDKER 1935 t/l; off Dakar, Senegal. 

66

Range; Cape Verde Is. and Senegal to Angola. 

P. TENGI (Chen) 1963 Straight-tooth Weasel 

Shark 

Negogaleus tengi CHEN 1963 t/l; Taiwan 

Negogaleus longicaudatus BESSEDNOV 1966 t/l; Gulf of Tonkin 

Range; Taiwan;Vietnam. 

P. LEUCOLOMATUS Compagno & Smale 1985 White-tipped Weasel 

Shark 

Paragaleus leucolomatus COMPAGNO & SMALE 1985 t/l; Kosi Bay, Natal 

Range; Natal 

Paragaleus sp. aff. pectoralis FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar 

P. RANDALLI Compagno, Krupp & Carpenter 1996 Slender Weasel Shark 

t/l; Bahrain, Arabian / Persian Gulf . New species. Holotype BPBM-21196 Adult male 719 mm. 

Range; Arabian / Persian Gulf . Gulf of Oman 

Subfamily HEMIPRISTINAE 

Genus HEMIPRISTIS Agassiz 1843 

Hemipristis AGASSIZ 1843, type Hemipristis serra AGASSIZ 1843 (fossil) 

Dirrhizodon KLUNZINGER 1871, type Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871 

Heterogaleus GOHAR & MAZHAR 1964, type Heterogaleus ghardaquensis GOHAR & MAZHAR 

1964 ( = Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871) 

H. ELONGATUS (Klunzinger) 1871 Snaggletooth Shark 

Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea. 

Carcharias ellioti DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan 

Hemipristis pingeli SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Bombay, India. 

Paragaleus acutiventralis CHU 1960 t/l; Southern China 

Heterogaleus ghardaquensis GOHAR & MAZHAR 1964 t/l;NW. Red Sea. 

Range; Red Sea to SW. Cape, S.Africa and east to Vietnam, China & Australia. 

FC 00 018011 

67

FAMILY CARCHARHINIDAE 

(Grey Sharks; Ground Sharks; Whalers; Requins; Requiem Sharks) 

Subfamily GALEOCERDINAE 

Genus GALEOCERDO Mueller & Henle 1837 

Subfamily SCOLIODONTINAE 

Genus SCOLIODON Mueller & Henle 1837 

Subfamily CARCHARHININAE 

Tribe CARCHARHININI 

Genus CARCHARHINUS Blainville 1816 

Genus GLYPHIS Agassiz 1843 

Genus PRIONACE Cantor 1849 

Genus LAMIOPSIS Gill 1862 

Genus NEGAPRION Whitley 1940 

Genus NASOLAMIA Compagno & Garrick 1983 

Tribe RHIZOPRIONODONTINI 

Genus RHIZOPRIONODON Whitley 1929 

Genus LOXODON Mueller & Henle 1838 

Tribe ISOGOMPHODONTINI 

Genus ISOGOMPHODON Gill 1862 

Tribe TRIAENODONTINI 

Genus TRIAENODON Mueller & Henle 1837 

Subfamily GALEOCERDINAE 

Genus GALEOCERDO Mueller & Henle 1837 

Squalus LESUEUR 1822, type Squalus cuvier LESUEUR 1822 

Galeus AGASSIZ 1835, type G. cepedianus AGASSIZ (non RAFINESQUE 1810) 

Galeocerdo MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus arcticus FABER 1829 = Squalus cuvier 

LeSUEUR 1822 

Prionodon BLEEKER 1852 (part), type Carcharias (Prionodon) fasciatus BLKR 1852. 

Galeodes HECKEL 1854 (preocc), type Galeodes priscus HECKEL (fossil) 

Boreogaleus GILL 1861, type Squalus arcticus FABER 

68

G. CUVIER (Lesueur) 1822 Tiger Shark 

? Squalus lamia VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work) 

Canis carcharias DUHAMEL 1769-82 (non ROND., non ALDROVANDI) (inadmissible) (teeth 

only) 

? Le squale milandre LACEPEDE 1789 

? Le Squale requin LACEPEDE 1798 

Squalus cuvier LESUEUR 1822 t/l;" Terre de Witt, New Holland" ( = N.W.Australia) 

Carcharhinus lamia BLAINVILLE 1825 (part) 

Squalus arcticus FABER 1829 t/l; Iceland 

Galeus cepedianus AGASSIZ 1835 (non PERON 1807; non RAFINESQUE 1810) t/l; E. Indies 

Galeus sp. AGASSIZ 1835 

? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in MULLER & HENLE 1835 (see also Alopias vulpinus 

BONN.) 

? Squalus thalassinus MULLER & HENLE 1837 (see also Alopias vulpinus BONN.) 

Galeocerdo tigrinus MULLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;India 

Galeus maculatus RANZANI 1840 t/l;Brazil 

Carcharias (Prionodon) fasciatus BLKR 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java. 

Galeocerdo rayneri MCDONALD & BARRON 1868 t/l;Australia 

Galeocerdo obtusus KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Koseir, Red 

Sea 

Galeocerdo hemprichii KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Red Sea 

A1 Itachizame MATSUBARA 1955 ( Japan ) ( = G.cuvier ) 

A2 Sababuki MATSUBARA 1955 ( Japan ) ( = G. rayneri ) 

Range; All tropical & warm temperate seas. 

FC 00 018022 

Subfamily SCOLIODONTINAE 

Genus SCOLIODON Mueller & Henle 1837 

Scoliodon MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Scoliodon laticaudus MUELLER & HENLE 1838 

Physodon MUELLER & HENLE 1839, type Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri MUELLER & 

HENLE 1839 

Alopiopsis LIOY 1865, type Alopiopsis plagiodon LIOY 1865 (fossil) 

S. LATICAUDUS Mueller & Henle 1838 Spadenose Shark; Yellow Dogshark 

Pala Sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, Madras, India. 

Sorra Kowah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, Madras, India. 

Carcharias palasorrah CUVIER 1829 (on Pala Sorrah RUSSELL 1803) 

Carcharias sorrakowah CUVIER 1829 (on Sorra Kowah RUSSELL 1803) 

Scoliodon laticaudus MUELLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; India 

Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Bengal 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) macrorhynchos BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java 

Carcharias (Prionodon) palasorra BLEEKER 1853 t/l; Bengal 

Range; Tanzania, East Africa east to China, Japan & Borneo. Close to the continental coast, does not 

reach Philippines, Red Sea or South Africa. 

69

Subfamily CARCHARHININAE 

Tribe CARCHARHININI 

Genus CARCHARHINUS Blainville 1816 

(Grey Sharks ;Ground Sharks;Whalers; Requins; Galanos) 

Nomenclaturally this genus has caused more confusion than any other in the subclass 

Elasmobranchii. Discussions are to be found in Bigelow & Schroeder (1948), Bass, DAubrey & 

Kistnasamy (1973), Garrick (1882), Compagno (1984 and 1988) among others. The name was fixed 

in 1965 by a decision of the I.C.Z.N. to select as neotype a specimen of Carcharias melanopterus 

QUOY & GAIMARD 1824, as proposed by J.A.F. Garrick in 1962. 

Squalus LINN. 1758 (part) Some Squalus carcharias LINN. material may have been this genus but 

Squalus carcharias LINN. is now universally accepted as the type of Carcharodon A. SMITH. 

? Squalus DUHAMEL 1769-1782 (inadmissible work) for Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769-1782 

("Nos mers"). Uncertain identity. 

? Carcharias RISSO 1810 (part), type Carcharias lamia RISSO 1810 

Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816. Blainville included 14 species in his new taxon, all of 

which are officially nomina nudae :glaucus 

( now in Prionace CANTOR as presently understood ) 

caeruleus ( now in Prionace CANTOR as presently understood ) 

cornubicus ( now in Lamna CUV. as presently understood ) 

monensis ( now in Lamna CUV. as presently understood ) 

vulpes ( now in Alopias RAF. as presently understood ) 

lamia ( a heterogeneous assemblage based on a Carcharhinus species [? longimanus ] and 

Galeocerdo teeth. ) 

commersonii ( unidentifiable, may be leucas ) 

lividus ( unidentifiable, may be leucas ) 

ustus ( unidentifiable, may be melanopterus ) 

heterodon ( unidentifiable, may be leucas ) 

70

verus ( unidentifiable, may be Carcharodon or leucas) 

broussonetii ( unidentifiable , may be leucas ) 

megalops ( unidentifiable ) 

heterobranchialis ( unidentifiable ) 

In 1816, Bosc designated the type as Carcharhinus carcharias but this does not appear in Blainville's 

1816 work. 

Carcharinus CLOQUET 1817 (emendation) 

Squalus (Carcharias) CUVIER 1817 (part) (non RAFINESQUE 1810) 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1820, type ? Squalus (Carcharhinus) lamia BLAINVILLE 

1820 (based on Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769-1782 , hence dubious. 

Carcharhinus BLAINVILLE in VIEILLOT 1825, type Carcharhinus commersoni BLAINVILLE in 

VIEILLOT 1825, by subsequent designation of JORDAN & GILBERT 1883, according to Garrick 

(1982) identifiable as melanopterus Q. & G. 

? Carcharias RISSO 1826 (non RAFINESQUE 1810) 

Carcharias (Prionodon) MUELLER & HENLE 1839 (part, preoccupied by Horsfield 1823 in 

Viverridae, Mammalia) 

Carcharias (Aprion) MUELLER & HENLE 1839 (preoccupied by Aprion CUVIER & 

VALENCIENNES 1830 in Osteichthyes), proposed for Carcharias acutidens RUPPELL, and 

included Carcharias(Aprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 & 

Carcharias(Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE 1839. No type designated by MUELLER & 

HENLE. 

Carcharias (Hypoprion) MUELLER & HENLE 1839, type Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti 

MUELLER & HENLE 1839 

Carcharorhinus AGASSIZ 1846 (?lapsus) 

Galeolamna OWEN 1853, type Galeolamna greyi OWEN 1853 (jaws only) = brachyura GUNTH.. 

Whitley (1940) considered it either brachyurus or macrurus ( = obscurus ) 

Aprionodon GILL 1862 (new name for Aprion MUELLER & HENLE 1839),type Aprionodon 

punctatus GILL 1862 ( = Carcharias (Aprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 

1839, by subsequent designation of Jordan & Evermann 1896). (Not Squalus punctatus MITCHILL 

1815, ? = Rhizoprionodon terraenovae RICHARDSON) 

Hypoprionodon GILL 1862 (new genus, not an emendation for Hypoprion), type Carcharias 

(Prionodon) hemiodon MUELLER & HENLE 1839 

Eulamia GILL 1862, type Eulamia lamia GILL 1862 (n. nud.) ? = Squalus (Carcharhinus) 

longimanus POEY ( = maou LESSON ) 

Platypodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) menisorrah MUELLER & HENLE ( = 

falciformis MUELLER & HENLE ) 

Isoplagiodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah MUELLER & HENLE 

Gymnorhinus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899, type Gymnorhinus pharaonis HEMPRICH & 

EHRENBERG 1899 ( = falciformis MUELLER & HENLE ) 

Aprionodon GARMAN 1913 (part) included brevipinna and isodon, as well as acutidens ( = 

Negaprion) 

Hypoprion GARMAN 1913 ( included macloti, hemiodon, signatus and playfairii) 

Mapolamia WHITLEY 1934, type Carcharias melanopterus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 

Gillisqualus WHITLEY 1934, type Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides WHITLEY 1934 

Galeolamnoides WHITLEY 1934, type Carcharias macrurus RAMSAY & OGILBY 1887 ( = 

Squalus obscurus LeSUEUR) 

Galeolamna (Ogilamia) WHITLEY 1939, type Carcharias stevensi OGILBY 1911 ( = Squalus 

plumbeus NARDO ) 

Longmania WHITLEY 1939, type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE 

Aprionodon FOWLER 1941 (part), type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE and 

included acutidens and sitankaiensis ( = falciformis). 

Uranga WHITLEY 1943, type Uranga nasuta WHITLEY 1943 ( = Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna 

MUELLER & HENLE) 

Galeolamna (Uranganops) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Uranganops) fitzroyensis 

WHITLEY 1943 

Galeolamna (Lamnarius) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Lamnarius) spenceri OGILBY 1911 ( 

= Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas MUELLER & HENLE 

Galeolamna (Bogimba) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Bogimba) bogimba WHITLEY 1943 ( = 

71

Carcharias [Prionodon] leucas MUELLER & HENLE) 

Aprionodon BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 ,type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna 

Pterolamia SPRINGER 1950 (name preoccupied), type Squalus longimanus POEY 1861 ( = Squalus 

(Carcharias) maou LESSON 1830) 

Pterolamiops SPRINGER 1951 (new name for Pterolamia SPRINGER ) 

C. OBSCURUS (Lesueur) 1818 Dusky Shark; Shovelnose Grey Shark; Ridgeback Grey 

Shark; Common Whaler (Aus.); Black Whaler (Aus.); South Australian Whaler (Aus.); 

? Squalus vulpecula SOLANDER 1777 t/l; Australia 

Squalus obscurus LESUEUR 1818 t/l; "North America" = East coast of USA. 

? Carcharias falcipinnis LOWE 1839 t/l;Madeira 

Carcharias (Prionodon) obvelatus VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canary Is. 

Carcharias macrurus RAMSAY & OGILBY 1887 t/l; Port Jackson, NSW., Aus. 

? Hypoprion / Hemigaleus heterodus PHILIPPI 1887 t/l;Chile 

Carcharhinus commersonii LOZANO 1928 

Carcharhinus iranzae FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar 

Carcharhinus obscurella DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l;S. China 

Range; Worldwide in warm temperate & tropical seas, inshore & offshore but not oceanic. 

West Atlantic; S.Massachusetts to S. Brazil. Not common between Delaware Bay & N. Florida. 

East Atlantic;Madeira; Canaries; Senegal; Cape Verdes;Sierra Leone to Table Bay,S. Africa. 

Ascension & St. Helena. Natal, Moz., Madagascar; S.Japan; S. China; East & West Australia. Baja 

California . Formerly thought to be absent from the Mediterranean, there have been some recently 

confirmed records of this species fron the area. 

FC 00 018003 

C. MELANOPTERUS (Quoy & Gaimard) 1824 Reef Blacktip Shark; 

"Guliman" 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) ustus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

Carcharias melanopterus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Waigeo I., NW. New Guinea. 

Carcharhinus commersonii BLAINVILLE 1825 (as restricted by Garrick 1982) 

Squalus ustus DUMERIL 1865 

Carcharias (Hypoprion) playfairii GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Zanzibar 

Carcharias elegans (KLUNZINGER 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (name in synonymy) 

t/l; Red Sea 

Carcharias marianensis ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Guam 

Range; Tropical and warm temperate Indo-Pacific from Red Sea to S. Africa east to Japan,Hawaii 

and Queensland. Recently in the southern Med. via the Suez Canal. 

FC 00 018036 

C. PLUMBEUS (Nardo) 1827 Sandbar Shark; Northern Whaler (Aus.) 

Squalus plumbeus NARDO 1827 t/l; Adriatic 

Carcharias (Prionodon) milberti VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;New York 

Carcharias ceruleus DEKAY 1842 (non Squalus (Carcharhinus) caeruleus BLAINVILLE 1816 = 

Prionace glauca) t/l; New York to New Hampshire 

Lamna caudata DEKAY 1842 t/l; Rhode Island 

Squalus caecchia NARDO 1847 t/l; near Venice. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) japonicus TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l;Japan 

? Carcharias leucos GUICHENOT 1850 (non leucas M. & H.) (Algeria) 

Carcharias (Prionodon) obtusirostris MOREAU 1881 (Cette, Nice, Atlantic) 

Carcharias stevensi OGILBY 1911 t/l; Bustard Bay & N.W.Islet, Queensland, Aus. 

Carcharhinus latistomus FANG & WANG 1932 t/l; Tsingtau, China. 

Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) dorsalis WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia. 

72

Range; Worldwide in tropical & warm temperate seas, common in the Med. 

E. Atl; Med.; Tropical W. Africa. 

W. Atl; S. New England to S. Brazil. 

Red Sea and tropical east Africa. Persian Gulf;Australia; S. Japan to Indochina. Hawaii. Probably 

absent from East Pacific. 

FC 00 018007 

C. ALBIMARGINATUS (Ruppell) 1835 Silvertip Shark 

Carcharias albimarginatus RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Ras Mahamet, Red Sea 

Eulamia (Platypodon) platyrhynchus GILBERT 1892 t/l; Magdalena Bay, Clarion I. off Lower 

California. 

Eulamia albomarginata FOWLER 1929 (lapsus for albimarginata) 

Range; Red Sea & Western Indian Ocean; Philippines to Taiwan. Islands of tropical central & 

eastern Pacific. Not found in Eastern Indian Ocean or Hawaiian Is. 

FC 00 018027 

C. POROSUS (Ranzani) 1839 Smalltail Shark 

? Carcharias fissidens BENNETT 1830 t/l; Atlantic coast of North Africa. It is more probable that 

this is Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. 

Carcharias porosus RANZANI 1939 t/l; Brazil 

Carcharias (Prionodon) henlei VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cayenne, 

French Guiana. 

Carcharhinus sp. JORDAN 1885 

Carcharhinus cerdale GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama. 

? Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St. Thomas, Antilles. 

Range; W.Atl; Northern Gulf of Mexico to Northern Brazil on the continental coast. Not in the 

Antilles unless sanctithomae is this species. 

E. Pac.; S. Baja California to Peru Possibly N.W.Africa if fissidens is this species. 

C. AMBOINENSIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Pigeye Shark; Java Shark 

Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Amboina, Moluccas. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) brachyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Java 

Triaenodon obtusus DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi.Pakistan. 

Range; Indian Ocean from South Africa to India & East coast of Australia.` 

Off Nigeria . Not China & Japan. 

Krefft ( 1968 ) synonymized amboinensis with leucas, in which case amboinensis has page 

priority. However there does seem to be two partially sympatric species involved and most recent 

authors have maintained their distinction. 

FC 00 018026 

C. BREVIPINNA (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Large Blacktip; Spinner Shark; 

Longnose Grey Shark; Inkytail Shark; Smoothfang Shark 

Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Java. 

Isogomphodon maculipinnis POEY 1865 t/l; Cuba. 

Uranga nasuta WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Queensland, Aus. 

Longmania calamaria WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia. 

Aprionodon caparti POLL 1951 t/l; Angola 

Carcharhinus johnsoni J.L.B. SMITH 1951 t/l; Port Elizabeth, Algoa Bay, S.Africa. 

Range; Carolinas to Florida and Northern Gulf of Mex. Central & Southern Brazil. Mediterranean to 

Angola. Cape to Madagascar. Seychelles.Gulf of Oman to Philippines and Australia.Southern Japan. 

Western Atlantic form (maculipinnis) may differ subspecifically from Indo-Pacific brevipinna 

FC 00 018023 

C. DUSSUMIERI (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Whitecheek Shark; Widemouth 

Blackspot Shark 

73

Carcharias (Prionodon) dusumieri VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; 

Pondicherry, India 

Carcharias (Prionodon) tjutjot BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Baram, Borneo. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) javanicus BLEEKER 1852 (non VAN HASSELT 1823) t/l; Batavia, Java. 

Carcharias malabaricus DAY 1873 t/l; Pallipot, near Cochin, Calicut, Malabar Coast, India. 

Range; Persian Gulf to S.Japan,Java, Borneo and Eastern Australia. 

FC 00 018009 

C. FALCIFORMIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Silky Shark; Sicklefin Shark 

Carcharias (Prionodon) falciformis BIBRON in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Cuba 

Carcharias (Prionodon) menisorrah VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Java 

Squalus (Prionodon) tiburo POEY 1860 (non LINN.) t/l; Cuba 

? Carcharias pharaonis (KLUNZINGER 1871) EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea. (Name in 

synonymy) 

Aprionodon sitankaiensis HERRE 1934 t/l; Sitanka,Sibutu I.,Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. 

Carcharhinus floridanus BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1943 t/l; Salerno, Florida and 

south coast of Cuba. 

Eulamia malpeloensis FOWLER 1944 t/l; Malpelo I., Eastern Pacific. 

Carcharhinus atrodorsus DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l; China. 

Range; Tropical oceans worldwide at the surface. Not in Med. 

FC 00 018008 

C. HEMIODON (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Pondicherry Shark 

Carcharias (Hypoprion) hemiodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; 

Pondicherry, India. 

Hypoprion atripinna CHU 1960 t/l; China. 

Range; Gulf of Oman east to China, Java and Borneo.Nominally from Philippines, Celebes, New 

Guinea, Australia & Vietnam. 

C. ISODON (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Finetooth Shark 

Carcharias (Hypoprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Probably 

coast of New York, USA .(Type in MNHN, Paris) 

Aprionodon punctatus GILL 1862 ( not Squalus punctatus MITCHILL ) 

Range; W. Atlantic; Cuba, Florida & Texas occasionally to New York. 

S. Brazil. 

E. Atlantic; ? Senegal & Guinea-Bassau. May represent brevipinna. 

C. LEUCAS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Bull Shark; Slipway Grey Shark; 

River Whaler; Zambezi Shark; Lake Nicaragua Shark;Cub Shark; Swan River Whaler (Aus.) 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) commersonii BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) lividus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) heterodon BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) verus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)(may be Carcharodon 

? Squalus (Carcharhinus) broussonetii BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Cuba 

? Carcharias (Prionodon) leucos GUICHENOT 1850 t/l; Algeria. 

Squalus (Prionodon) platyodon POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba 

Squalus (Prionodon) obtusus POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba 

Carcharias (Prionodon) zambezensis PETERS 1852 t/l; Zambezi R.,E. Africa. 

Eulamia nicaraguensis GILL & BRANSFORD 1877 t/l; Lake Nicaragua. 

? Carcharias murrayi GUNTHER 1883 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan. 

? Carcharias (Prionodon) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouths of the Irrawaddy, Rangoon. 

Carcharhinus azureus GILBERT & STARKS 1904 t/l; Panama Bay, Pacific coast of Panama. 

74

Carcharias zambesensis BOULENGER 1909 (emendation) 

Carcharias spenceri OGILBY 1911 t/l; Brisbane River, Australia. 

Galeolamna (Bogimba) bogimba WHITLEY 1943 t/l; off Queensland 

Galeolamna greyi mckaili WHITLEY 1945 t/l; Swan River, Western Australia. 

Carcharhinus vanrooyeni J.L.B. SMITH 1958 t/l; Natal, S.Africa. 

Range; Tropical inshore waters worldwide as well as lakes,rivers, estuaries. Found far up the 

Amazon, in the Mississippi & Atchafalaya Rivers, Zambezi, Lake Nicararagua and Izbal in Central 

America, and Lake Jamoer, New Guinea. 

W.Atlantic North Carolina to Southern Brazil. Occasionally New York. East Atlantic; Morocco to 

Angola. 

Indo-Pacific; Natal to Philippines and Australia. 

E. Pacific; Lower California to Peru. 

Many of the references in the literature to gangeticus are thought to refer to leucas.Only three type 

specimens are indubitably gangeticus. 

FC 00 018021 

C. LIMBATUS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Small Blacktip Shark; Volador; 

Carconetta; Blacktip Whaler 

Cucuri MARCGRAVE 1648 Hist. rerum nat. Brasil 

? Carcharias microps LOWE 1840 t/l; Madeira 

Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; No loc. 

(Dumeril [1865] gave Martinique & Bahia) 

Carcharias (Prionodon) pleurotaenia BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java. 

? Prionodon cucuri CASTELNAU 1855 t/l; Bahia, Brazil. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) muelleri STEINDACHNER 1867 (non Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri 

MUELLER & HENLE = Scoliodon laticaudus) 

Carcharias maculipinna GUNTHER 1868 (non maculipinnis POEY ) ( teeth, Chiapam, Pacific 

Guatamala) 

Carcharias ehrenbergi KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea 

Carcharias abbreviatus (KLUNZINGER 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea 

Carcharias aethalorus JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Carcharias phorcys JORDAN &EVERMANN 1903 t/l; Honolulu, Hawaii. 

Carcharhinus natator MEEK & HILDEBRAND 1923 t/l; Panama City, Panama. 

Range;W. Atlantic; N.Carolina to S.Brazil. Occasionally to Southern New England. 

E.Atlantic;Mediterranean; Madeira;Cape Verdes;Senegal;Cameroon. 

E. Pacific; Lower California to Peru. 

Indo-Pacific; Red Sea & South Africa to S.China and Australia. Central Pacific around islands. 

FC 00 018039 

75

C. MACLOTI (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Hardnose Shark 

Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;New Guinea 

Range; Scattered records from Gulf of Oman and East Africa to China,Southern Japan,Taiwan; 

Philippines,New Guinea & New Britain and Northern Australia. 

FC 00 018025 

C. SORRAH (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Spot-tail Shark 

Squalus spallanzanii PERON & LeSUEUR 1822 t/l; Terre de Witt, New Holland ( = 

N.W.Australia) This is the earliest name for the species and is recognisable from an illustration, but 

the name sorrah has been made the official name due to it's wide acceptance. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; "Java;India; 

Madagascar". Restricted to Java by Garrick 1982 

Carcharias (Prionodon) bleekeri DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Pondicherry, India 

Carcarias taeniatus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (lapsus) (n.nud.) t/l; Red Sea 

Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) isobel WHITLEY 1947 t/l; Long Island, West Australia. 

Range; Red Sea to Mozambique & Madagascar east to Taiwan, S. China, Philippines Western & 

BNorthern Australia and New Hebrides. 

FC 00 018013 

C. AMBLYRHYNCHOS (Bleeker) 1856 Reef Grey Shark 

C. amblyrhynchos amblyrhynchos (BLEEKER) 1856 

Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Solombo I.,Java Sea. 

Carcharias nesiotes SNYDER 1904 t/l; French Frigate Shoals,Laysan 

Carcharinus amblyrhynchus GARMAN 1913 (emendation) 

Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) fowleri WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia. 

Galeolamna tufiensis WHITLEY 1949 t/l; Port Tufi, New Guinea. 

Galeolamna coongoola WHITLEY 1964 t/l; Swain Reefs, Coral Sea, Australia. 

Range; Sumatra, S. China & Western Australia east to Society Islands and Hawaii. 

FC 00 018030 

C. amblyrhynchos wheeleri GARRICK 1982 

Carcharhinus wheeleri GARRICK 1982 t/l; Red Sea. 

Range; Western Indian Ocean from Red Sea to Madagascar & Natal. 

C. BORNEENSIS (Bleeker) 1859 Borneo Shark 

? Carcharias munsing BLEEKER 1849 t/l; off Madura,Java. 

Carcharias (Prionodon) borneensis BLEEKER 1859 t/l;Singkawang,Borneo (foetus) 

Range; Borneo;China; ?Java ?Philippines 

C. ACRONOTUS (Poey) 1860 Blacknose Shark 

Squalus acronotus POEY 1860 t/l; Cuba ( teeth ) 

Platypodon acronotus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba 

Carcharias (Prionodon) remotus DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Martinique, Lesser Antilles. 

? Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St. Thomas, Antilles. 

Range; North Carolina to Southern Brazil. 

C. LONGIMANUS (Poey) 1861 Oceanic Whitetip Shark 

? Squalus carcharias LINN. 1758 (part) This name is now used for the type of Carcharodon. 

? Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work) 

? Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769- 82 (Inadmissible work) t/l; " Nos mers" 

? Le Squale requin LACEPEDE 1798 

? Squalus (Carcharias) lamia RISSO 1810 (part) (non RAF. 1810 ) 

Le requin CLOQUET 1816-30 

Squalus (Carcharias) maou LESSON 1830 t/l; Society Is., French Polynesia.Collected 1822-23 by 

the Coquille 

Carcharias (Prionodon) lamia MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (Med., Atlantic) The first unmistakebly 

76

distinct diagnosis of the Oceanic whitetip from the Atlantic. 

Squalus (Prionodon) longimanus POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba 

Carcharhinus (Prionodon) obtusus GARMAN 1881 ( non Squalus obtusus POEY = leucas ) 

Carcharias insularum SNYDER 1904 t/l;Between Molokai & Oahu, Hawaiian Is. 

Pterolamiops magnipinnis J.L.B. SMITH 1958 t/l; Port Elizabeth, S.Africa. 

Pterolamiops budkeri FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar. 

Range; Oceanic pelagic worldwide in warm seas. Not in N.Z. 

Not certainly in Med., but may occur there. 

FC 00 018032 

C. SIGNATUS (Poey) 1868 Night Shark 

Squalus (Hypoprion) signatus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba 

Hypoprion longirostris POEY 1876 t/l; Antilles 

Hypoprion bigelowi CADENAT 1956 t/l; Senegal, West Africa. 

Range;W. Atlantic; S. Carolina to Florida & Cuba. Only common off Cuba & Florida. S. Brazil & 

Uruguay. 

E. Atlantic; Senegal to N. Angola. ? Panama. 

C. BRACHYURUS (Gunther) 1870 Copper Shark; Bronze Whaler; Cocktail Shark 

Galeolamna greyi OWEN 1853 t/l;South Australia (jaws only) 

Carcharias brachyurus GUNTHER 1870 

Carcharias lamiella JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; San Diego, California. 

Eulamia ahenia STEAD 1938 t/l; off Sydney,N.S.W. 

Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) eblis WHITLEY 1944 t/l;Western Australia 

Carcharhinus improvisus J.L.B. SMITH 1952 t/l; Algoa Bay. South Africa 

Carcharhinus rochensis ABELLA 1972 t/l; Uruguay 

Carcharhinus remotoides DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l; China 

Carcharhinus acarenatus MORENOS & HOYAS 1983 t/l; Morocco 

Range; Worldwide in warm temperate waters. Amphitemperate but not tropical. New Zealand; 

South Australia;Southern Japan and eastern China; South Africa; Argentina; Baja California; 

Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic. 

FC 00 018001 

C. PEREZI (Poey) 1876 Caribbean Reef Shark 

Squalus perezii POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba 

Eulamia springeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; Cozumel I., Off Yucatan. 

Range; Florida, Gulf of Mexico & Caribbean to Venezuela. S.Brazil. 

C. GALAPAGENSIS Snodgrass & Heller 1905 Galapagos Shark 

? Carcharias robustus PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile 

Carcharias galapagensis SNODGRASS & HELLER 1905 t/l; Galapagos Is. 

Range; Lower California to Galapagos & Ecuador. Scattered oceanic island localities in West & 

East Atlantic,SW. Indian Ocean and W. & Central Pacific. 

FC 00 018040 

C. SEALEI (Pietschmann) 1916 Blackspot Shark 

Carcharias borneensis SEALE 1910 (non BLEEKER 1859) t/l; Sandakan, Borneo. 

Carcharias sealei PIETSCHMANN 1916 (new name for borneensis SEALE, a junior homonym of 

borneensis BLEEKER 1859 ) 

Platypodon coatesi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Off Queensland, Aus. 

Range; S.China to N.Australia. Philippines. S. & W. India. Kenya to Natal. 

FC 00 018 

C. AMBLYRHYNCHOIDES (Whitley) 1934 Graceful Shark 

Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Cape Bowling Green, Queensland, Australia. 

Range; Gulf of Aden to Indonesia, S. China, Philippines, Northern Australia & Papua. 

FC 00 018033 

77

C. FITZROYENSIS (Whitley) 1943 Creek Whaler 

Galeolamna (Uranganops) fitzroyensis WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Fitzroy River, Queensland, Australia. 

Range; Queensland & Northern Australia. 

FC 00 018035 

C. CAUTUS (Whitley) 1945 Nervous Shark 

Galeolamna greyi cauta WHITLEY 1945 t/l; Useless Inlet, Sharks Bay,Western Aus. 

Range; Queensland,Northern & Western Australia. 

FC 00 018034 

C. ALTIMUS (Springer) 1950 Bignose Shark 

Eulamia altima SPRINGER 1950 t/l;off Cosgrove Reef, Florida Keys. 

Carcharhinus radamae FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar. 

? Carcharhinus macrops LIU 1983 Acta zootaxon.sin. 8 (1), 1983 pp. 101-103. 

t/l; China. 

Range; Tropical west Atlantic from Florida to Venezuela; Lower Califonia to Mexico.Tropical West 

Africa; Natal; Madgascar; S. India; Northern Red Sea; ? S. China; Hawaii; 

Off Spain in the Mediterranean. Deepwater species. 

FC 00 018012 

C. TILSTONI (Whitley) 1950 Australian Blacktip Shark 

Galeolamna pleurotaenia tilstoni WHITLEY 1950 t/l; Van Cloon Shoal, Western Australia 

Range; Northern & NW. Australia. 

FC 00 018014 

C. LEIODON Garrick 1985 Smoothtooth Blacktip Shark 

Carcharhinus leiodon GARRICK 1985 t/l;Arabian Sea. 

Range; Western Indian Ocean. 

Carcharhinus sp. aff. porosus Garric] 1982. Specimen in the Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. 

Holotype ANSP 77121 Species from Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo. 

Allied to porosus,borneensis & hemiodon but seperable. 

Carcharhinus sp. Compagno 1988 False Smalltail Shark 

CARCHARHINUS SPECIES DUBIAE 

Carcharias javanica VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java (n.nud. unidentifiable). 

Carcharias ( Prionodon ) munsing BLEEKER 1849 t/l; Madura, Java. 

Carcharias brachyrrhynchus PHILIPPI 1887 (non brachyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856) t/l; Iquique, 

Chile. 

Carcharias robustus PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile 

Carcharias ( Prionodon ) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouths of Irrawaddy, Rangoon, 

Burma. 

Carcharhinus caudalis GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898 

Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St.Thomas,Antilles. 

Eulamia philippi FOWLER 1930 ( nom. nov. for Carcharias brachyrrhynchus PHILIPPI 1887 

Carcharias watu SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Bombay, India. 

Galeolamna sp. WHITLEY 1940 Doughboy Reef, Cronulla, New South Wales. Doughboy Whaler 

Genus GLYPHIS Agassiz 1843 

(River Sharks) 

Glyphis AGASSIZ 1843, type Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 by 

absolute tautonymy. Glyphis hastalis AGASSIZ (fossil) is not the type by monotypy as erroneously 

assumed by Fowler (1941) and by Bigelow & Schroeder (1948 ), as the plate for hastalis was not 

78

published until 1845, thus postdating MUELLER & HENLE 1839. 

non Glyphis FOWLER 1928;1941, which equals Prionace CANTOR 1849 

The listing of this genus is completely nominal. 

G. GLYPHIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Speartooth Shark 

Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Unknown. 

Range; Not known for certain. Until recently the original description was all that was known of this 

species. Holotype in Zool. Mus.,Humboldt University, Berlin. 

G. GANGETICUS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Ganges Shark 

? Squalus carcharias HAMILTON- BUCHANAN 1822 (Ganges) 

Carcharias (Prionodon) gangeticus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;" Im Ganges, 60 Stunden 

oberhalb des Meers bei Hooghly gefangen " ( 60 hours above the sea at Hooghly). Holotype lost. 

Syntype MNHN 1144. 

? Carcharias murrayi GUNTHER 1883 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan (teeth only) Holotype lost. 

? Carcharias (Prionodon) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouth of the Irrawaddy, Rangoon, 

Burma. Holotype lost (?) 

C. murrayi and siamensis may also represent leucas . 

Many of the references in the literature to gangeticus are thought to refer to leucas. Only three type 

specimens are indubitably gangeticus. 

Range; Ganges & Hooghly Rivers. ? Karachi ?Burma 

. 

Glyphis sp. A Australian River Shark 

t/l; Bizant River, Queensland, Aus. 2 specimens.Holotype QM. 1. 19719 . Also a third from 

Adelaide River, Northern Territory, Aus. 

(= Glyphis sp. 2 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988) 

Glyphis sp. B Borneo River Shark 

t/l; Kinabatangan river, Sabah, N.E. Borneo 

( ? = Glyphis sp. 3 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988) 

Glyphis sp. C New Guinea River Shark 

t/l; Port Romilly, S.E. New Guinea (jaws) holotypesLWF-E-218. Syntype LWF-E-227 from New 

Guinea. 

( ? = Glyphis sp. 3 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988) 

. 

Genus PRIONACE Cantor 1849 

Galeus RONDELET 1554 

Cynocephalus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work) 

Galeus VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work) type, Galeus glaucus VALMONT 1768 

Carcharias RAFINESQUE 1810 (part) included glaucus. 

Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) included glaucus 

? Thalassorhinus VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1841, type Thalassorhinus vulpecula 

VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1839 = Squalus rondeletii RISSO 1810 

Prionodon MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) preocc. by Horsfield (in Mammalia,Viverridae.) 

Prionace CANTOR 1849 (Proposed as a substitute for Prionodon M.& H.), type Squalus glaucus 

LINN. 1758 

Cynocephalus GILL 1862 (Revived by Gill to replace Prionace CANTOR under the impression 

that Klein's name was an available name from 1775), type Squalus glaucus LINN.1758 

Thalassinus MOREAU 1881 (emendation of Thalassorhinus VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1841), 

type Thalassinus rondeletii MOREAU by monotypy. 

P. GLAUCA (Linn.)1758 Blue Shark; Great Blue Shark; Blue Whaler; Janniquin 

79

(Canaries); Peau bleu. 

Galeus glaucus RONDELET 1554 

Galeus glaucus venetianus GESNER 1558 

Squalus sp. 13 ARTEDI 1738 

Cynocephalus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work) 

Squalus glaucus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo" 

Squalus adscensionis OSBECK 1771 t/l; East Indies (Inadmissible work) 

Le Glauque BROUSSONET 1780 

? Squalus platyrhynchus WALBAUM 1784 (Inadmissible work) 

Le Squale Glauque LACEPEDE 1798 

? Squalus rondeletii RISSO 1810 (part) 

Squalus (Carcharhinus) caeruleus BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.); 1825 (Mediterranean) 

? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in CUV. 1835 

Blue Shark YARRELL 1836 

Carcharias ( Prionodon ) hirundinaceus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; 

Brazil. 

? Thalassorhinus vulpecula VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE. 1839 

Thalassorhinus platyrhynchus M. & H. 1841 (on WALBAUM 1784 ) 

Thalassorhinus rondeletii GRAY 1851 

Thalassinus rondeletii MOREAU 1881 

Carcharias pugae PEREZ CANTO 1886 t/l;Chile 

Carcharias gracilis PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile 

? Hypoprion (Hemigaleus) isodus PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile 

Carcharias aethiops PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Chile 

Prionace macki PHILLIPPS 1935 t/l; Lyall Bay, Wellington, N.Z. 

Caraharias cyaneus WHITLEY 1938 

Range; Worldwide in temperate & tropical seas. Deeper water in tropical regions. 

FC 00 018004 

Genus LAMIOPSIS Gill 1862 

Lamiopsis GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) temmincki MUELLER & HENLE 1839 

L. TEMMINCKI (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Broadfin Shark 

Carcharias (Prionodon) temmincki MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Pondicherry, India. 

Carcharhinus tephrodes FOWLER 1905 t/l; Baram, Borneo. 

Carcharhinus microphthalmus CHU 1960 t/l; China 

Range; Scattered records from Pakistan,India, Burma,Makassar Strait; South China Sea & North 

Borneo. 

Genus NEGAPRION Whitley 1940 

Negaprion WHITLEY 1940, type Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus WHITLEY 1939 

Mystidens WHITLEY 1944, type Mystidens innominatus WHITLEY 1944 

Hemigaleops SCHULTZ & WELANDER 1953, type Hemigaleops fosteri SCHULTZ & 

WELANDER 1953. 

N. ACUTIDENS (Ruppell) 1835 Sicklefin Lemon Shark 

Carcharias acutidens RUPPELL 1835 t/l;Djedda, Red Sea 

Carcharias forskalii KLUNZINGER 1871 in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea 

Carcharias munzingeri KOSSMANN & RAUBER 1877 t/l; Red Sea 

? Eulamia odontaspis FOWLER 1908 t/l; Probably Indian Ocean. Type lost. 

Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Queensland 

Mystidens innominatus WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia. 

Hemigaleops fosteri SCHULTZ & WELANDER 1953 t/l;Reer I., Bikini Atoll. 

Odontaspis madagascariensis FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar. 

Range; Red Sea suoth to S.Africa, east to Gulf of Thailand, Queensland,Solomon Is.,New Caledonia, 

Phillipines,Palau Is.,Marshall Is. and Tahiti. 

80

FC 00 018029 

N. BREVIROSTRIS (Poey) 1868 Atlantic Lemon 

Shark 

Hypoprion brevirostris POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba. 

Carcharias fronto JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Range; N. Carolina to Uruguay. Baja California to Peru. 

Genus NASOLAMIA Compagno & Garrick 1983 

Nasolamia COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1983, type Carcharhinus velox GILBERT in JORDAN & 

EVERMANN 1898 

N. VELOX (Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann) 1898 Whitenose Shark; Pico 

Blanco 

Carcharhinus velox GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama 

Range; E. Pacific from S.Baja California to Gulf of California & Peru. 

Tribe RHIZOPRIONODONTINI 

Genus RHIZOPRIONODON Whitley 1929 

Rhizoprion OGILBY 1915, type Carcharias (Scoliodon) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 ( = acutus 

) 

Rhizoprionodon WHITLEY 1939 (Replacement name for Rhizoprion OGILBY 1915, preoccupied), 

type Carcharias ( Scoliodon ) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 ( = acutus ) 

Protozygaena WHITLEY 1940, type Physodon taylori OGILBY 1915 

R. ACUTUS ( Ruppell ) 1835 Milk Shark; Whiteye Shark; Longman's Shark 

? Carcharias fissidens BENNETT 1830 t/l; Atlantic coast of North Africa. 

Carcharias acutus RUPPELL 1835 t/l;Djedda, Red Sea. 

? Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrakowah BLEEKER 1853 (ref.) 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) walbeehmi BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Rio, Bintong I., Indonesia. 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea. 

Carcharias aaronis HILGENDORF 1899 t/l; Red Sea. 

Scoliodon longmani OGILBY 1912 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland 

Scoliodon vagatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Zanzibar. 

Carcharias eumeces PIETSCHMANN 1913 t/l; Cameroon. 

Range; E.Atl; Madeira & NW Africa to Angola. 

Indo-Pacific; Red Sea south to S. Africa, east to Japan, Taiwan, Philippines south to Queensland. 

FC 00 018006 

R. TERRAENOVAE (Richardson) 1836 Atlantic Sharpnose Shark 

? Squalus punctatus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York 

Squalus (Carcharias) terraenovae RICHARDSON 1836 t/l; Newfoundland 

Range; N. Carolina to Yucatan, occasionally north to Bay of Fundy. 

R. LALANDII (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Brazilian Sharpnose Shark 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) lalandii VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1839 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Scoliodon intermedius GARMAN 1913 ( t/l; " Philippines; East Indies " in error) 

Range; Panama to S. Brazil in Western Atlantic. Martinique; Guadaloupe. 

R. POROSUS (Poey) 1860 Caribbean Sharpnose Shark 

Squalus porosus POEY 1860 t/l; Cuba ( teeth ) 

Scoliodon porosus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba 

81

Range;Insular chain of Antilles from Bahamas to continental coast south to Uruguay.Also continental 

coast of Yucatan to Venezuela. 

R. LONGURIO (Jordan & Gilbert) 1882 Pacific Sharpnose Shark 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) longurio JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Range;East Pacific from S.California to Peru. 

R. TAYLORI (Ogilby) 1915 Australian Sharpnose Shark; Taylor's Shark 

Physodon taylori OGILBY 1915 t/l; Townsville,Queensland 

Range;Queensland to Northern & Northwest Australia. 

FC 00 018024 

R. OLIGOLINX Springer 1964 Grey Sharpnose Shark 

Rhizoprionodon (Protozygaena) oligolinx SPRINGER 1964 t/l; Gulf of Thailand 

Range; Persian Gulf to Java. ? Palau Is. ? S. China, ? S.Japan 

FC 00 018037 

Genus LOXODON Mueller & Henle 1838 

Loxodon MUELLER & HENLE 1838, type Loxodon macrorhinus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 

L. MACRORHINUS Mueller & Henle 1839 Sliteye Shark; Slender Dogshark; Jordan's Blue 

Dogshark 

Loxodon macrorhinus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Batavia, Java 

Carcharias (Scoliodon) dumerili BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Amboina 

Carcharias albomarginatus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (non albimargainatus RUPPELL ) 

t/l; Red Sea. 

Scoliodon jordani OGILBY 1908 t/l; Southern Queensland 

Scoliodon affinis OGILBY 1912 t/l; Noosa Head, Queensland 

Scoliodon ceylonensis SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Ceylon 

Range;Red Sea to S. Africa, east to Japan & Philippines and south to Queensland. Mauritius; 

Seychelles. 

FC 00 018005 

Tribe ISOGOMPHODONTINI 

Genus ISOGOMPHODON Gill 1862 

Isogomphodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) oxyrhynchus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 

I. OXYRHYNCHUS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Daggernose Shark 

Carcharias (Prionodon) oxyrhynchus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;Surinam 

Range; Known certainly only from inshore waters of Surinam,Guyana, French Guiana & Trinidad. 

Tribe TRIAENODONTINI 

Genus TRIAENODON Mueller & Henle 1837 

Triaenodon MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Carcharias obesus RUEPPELL 1835 

T. OBESUS (Rueppell) 1835 Reef Whitetip Shark 

Carcharias obesus RUEPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea. 

Triaenodon apicalis WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Queensland, Aus. 

Range; Whole Indo-West & Central Pacific region from Red Sea to S.Africa east to eastern Polynesia 

incl. Hawaii. Also E.Pacific in Galapagos Is., Cocos Is., Panama & Costa Rica. 

FC 00 018038 

82

FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE 

(Hammerhead Sharks) 

Genus SPHYRNA Rafinesque 1810 

Subgenus SPHYRNA Rafinesque 1810 

Sphyraina ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

Libella BELON 1553 

Zygaena RONDELET 1554 

Cestracion KLEIN 1742 Pisc.Nat. Gedoni 3 p.12 ( non Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER 

1817, OKEN 1817, which are synonyms of Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 1816). 

Cestracion KLEIN 1776 Neuer Schauplatz Nat. 3 p. 52 

83

(Both the above works of KLEIN are ruled inadmissible in Zoological Nomenclature according to 

ICZN Opinion 85,1925 as are the names of Walbaum founded upon them.) 

Cestracion WALBAUM 1792 (inadmissible work), type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 

Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 

Sphyrnias RAFINESQUE 1815 (Emendation) 

Squalus (Cestrorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 

Squalus (Zygaena) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 (Preoccupied by 

Fabricius 1775 in Lepidoptera ) 

Zygoena RISSO 1826 (emendation) 

Sphyrichthys THIENEMANN 1828 (substitute for Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810) 

Zygana SWAINSON 1839 (emendation) 

Sphyra VAN der HOEVEN 1855 (emend.) 

Cestracion GILL 1862 (non SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER 1817 = Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 

1816), type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 

Cestracion GARMAN 1913 (non SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER 1817 = Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 

1816) 

S. ZYGAENA (Linn. ) 1758 Smooth Hammerhead Shark 

Sphyraina ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium 

Libella BELON 1553 

Zygaena RONDELET 1554 


Cestracion sp. KLEIN 1742 Pisc.Nat. Gedoni 3 p.12 ( non Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760, 

CUVIER 1817, OKEN 1817, which are synonyms of Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 1816 

Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 (on Zygaena WILLUGHBY 1686 ) Europe & America 

Balance Fish BROOKES 1763 

Cestracion KLEIN 1776 Neuer Schauplatz Nat. 3 p. 52 

84

(Both the above works of KLEIN are ruled inadmissible in Zoological Nomenclature according to 

ICZN Opinion 85,1925 as are the names of Walbaum founded upon them.) 

Cornuda PARRA 1777 (Cuba) 

Le Marteau DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work) 

Zygena DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work) 

Squalus malleus SHAW & NODDER 1795 t/l;Nice 

Le Squale Marteau LACEPEDE 1798 

Koma sorrah RUSSELL 1803 ( India ) 

Hammer-headed shark SHAW 1804 

Sphyrna zygaena RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

? Squalus (Cestrorhinus) caroliniensis BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.) 

? Squalus (Cestrorhinus) pictus BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.) 

Zygene marteau CLOQUET 1816-30 

Zygaena vulgaris CLOQUET 1830 

Zygaena subarcuata STORER 1848 t/l; Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts 

Hammer-head COUCH 1867 

Zygaena peruana PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Peru 

Zygaena zigaena NOBRE 1935 (lapsus) 

Range; Tropical and warm temperate Atlantic. Mediterranean. Azores. Madeira. Canaries. Cape 

Verde Is. and tropical West Africa to South Africa. Occasionally north to England and Scotland. 

New England to Lesser Antilles. S. Brazil round Patagonia to Panama & Galapagos. Southern and 

Lower California. Hawaii. Sakhalin to S. China. Persian Gulf. S.India. Western Aus., NSW.,Aus. 

N.Z. 

Worldwide in Northern and Southern Temperate zones. 

FC 00 019004 

S. LEWINI (Griffith & Smith) 1834 Scalloped Hammerhead Shark; Golden 

Hammerhead 

Earliest depiction of this species was an illustration by Marcgrave 1648, from Brazil. No Name. 

? Zygaena indica VAN HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) Java 

Zygaena lewini GRIFFITH & SMITH 1834 t/l; " South Coast of New Holland" 

Cestracion leeuwinii DAY 1865 (emendation) (India) 

Zygaena erythraea KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Red Sea. 

Cestracion oceanica GARMAN 1913 t/l; Society Islands, French Polynesia. 

Sphyrna diplana SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi. 

Range; Circumtropical worldwide, coastal- pelagic, semi-oceanic. 

FC 00 019001 

S. MOKARRAN (Ruppell) 1835 Great Hammerhead 

Zygaena mokarran RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Massauah, Red Sea 

Zygaena dissimilis MURRAY 1887 t/l; Karachi, India 

Sphyrna ligo FRASER-BRUNNER 1950 t/l; Clarence River, N.S.W., Australia. 

Range; Circumtropical worldwide, coastal- pelagic, semi-oceanic. 

FC 00 01900 

S. COUARDI Cadenat 1950 Whitefin Hammerhead 

Sphyrna couardi CADENAT 1950 t/l; Senegal. 

Possibly a valid species or synonym of lewini. 

Range; Senegal to Congo; Possibly Western Med. 

Subgenus PLATYSQUALUS Swainson 1839 

Platysqualus SWAINSON 1839, type Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758 

Reniceps GILL 1862, type Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758 

S. TIBURO (Linn.) 1758 Bonnethead Shark; Shovelnose Shark 

Tiburonis species minor MARCGRAVE 1648 t/l; Brazil 

Zygaenae affinis capite triangulo WILLUGHBY 1686 

85

Cestracion no. 2 KLEIN 1742 

Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758 t/l: "Habitat in America" 

Le Pantoufflier BROUSSONET 1780 

Round-headed Zygaena SHAW & NODDER 1795 

Squale carolinien BOSC 1803 (Carolina) 

Heart-headed shark SHAW 1804 

Sphyrna vespertina SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama 

Range;Western Atlantic from North Carolina to Southern Brazil, occasionally north as far north as 

Maine. 

Eastern Pacific from S.California to Northern Peru. 

Subgenus MESOZYGAENA Compagno 1988 

Mesozygaena COMPAGNO 1988, type Sphyrna corona SPRINGER 1940 

S. TUDES (Valenciennes) 1822 Smalleye Hammerhead 

Zygaena tudes CUVIER 1817 (ref. only) 

Zygaena tudes VALENCIENNES 1822 t/l; " Nice, Med.;Cayenne;Coromandel" 

Sphyrna chiereghini NARDO 1847 t/l; Venice, Italy 

Sphyrna bigelowi SPRINGER 1944 t/l; Uruguay and Rio de Janeiro 

Range; Tropical West Atlantic Venezuela to Uruguay. Not in Gulf of Mexico. 

Western Med. is dubious. See Compagno FAO Species Cat., 1984 p. 553 for discussion. 

S. CORONA Springer 1940 Scalloped Bonnethead 

Sphyrna tudes JORDAN & EVERMANN 1896 (part) (non VALENCIENNES ) 

Sphyrna corona SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Panama (Pacific Coast) 

Range; Eastern Pacific from Chiapas, Mexico to Ecuador. 

S. MEDIA Springer 1940 Scoophead Shark 

Sphyrna tudes JORDAN 1895 (non VALENCIENNES ) 

Sphyrna media SPRINGER 1940 t/l;Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Sphyrna nana SADOWSKY 1964 t/l; Brazil. 

Range; Eastern Pacific from Gulf of California to Ecuador. Western Atlantic from Nicaragua to S. 

Brazil. 

Sphyrna sp. Johnson 1978 cf. media Squarehead 

Shark 

Potentially unidentified species in French Polynesia close to media but much larger. 

Genus EUSPHYRA Gill 1862 

Eusphyra GILL 1862, type Zygaena blochii CUVIER 1817 

E. BLOCHII (Cuvier) 1817 Winghead Shark; Slender 

Hammerhead 

Squalus zygaena BLOCH 1785 (non LINN.) ? India. 

86

Zygaena blochii CUVIER 1817 t/l; None (Sumatra according to Bennett 1830) 

Zygaena platycephala VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java. 

Zygaena laticeps CANTOR 1837 t/l; Calcutta. 

Range; Persian Gulf to Taiwan and Philippines, south to tropical Australia. FC 00 019003 

SUPERORDER BATOIDEA 

87

ORDER PRISTIFORMES 

(Sawfish) 

FAMILY PRISTIDAE 

Genus PRISTIS Linck 1790 

Subgenus PRISTIS Linck 1790 

Pristes PLINY 

Pristis KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work) 

Pristis LINCK 1790 type, Squalus pristis LINN. 1758 

Pristobatus BLAINVILLE 1816, type Pristis antiquorus LATHAM 1794 = Squalus pristis LINN. 

1758 

Pristobatis BLAINVILLE 1816 (emendation) 

Pristobatys BLAINVILLE 1816 (emendation) 

? Myriosteon GRAY 1864, type Myriosteon higginsii GRAY 1864 (fragment of saw) 

Eopristis STROMER 1905, type Pristis ( Eopristis ) reinachi STROMER 1905 

(Fossil) 

P. PECTINATA Latham 1794 Smalltooth Sawfish; Wide Sawfish 

Pristes PLINY 

Pristis sive serra CLUSIUS 1605 Exoticorum. Earliest modern reference to a European 

Sawfish.. 

? Squalus pristis LINN. 1758 t/l; " Oceano Europaeao " 

Vivelle, ou Poisson a scie DuHAMEL 1782 ( Inadmissible work) ( South of France) 

Saegefisch BLOCH 1785 

Pes de espada PARRA 1787 (Cuba) 

Squalus pristis BONN. 1788 

Pristis pectinatus LATHAM 1794 t/l; "In oceano" (Cayenne according to M. & H. 1841) 

Pristis antiquorum LATHAM 1794 (no loc.) 

Le Squale Scie LAC. 1798 (West Africa) 

Squalus granulosa BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( On Parra 1787 ) t/l; Havana, Cuba. 

Pristis serra BL. & SCHN. 1801 (no loc.) 

Pristis canaliculata BL. & SCHN. 1801 (no loc.) 

Pristis mississippiensis RAFINESQUE 1820 t/l; Lower Mississippi 

Pristis megalodon DUMERIL 1865 No loc. 

Pristis acutirostris DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Antilles. 

Pristis occa DUMERIL 1865 t/l; No loc. 

Pristis brevirostris DUM. 1865 t/l; Reunion I..W. Indian Ocean. 

Pristis woermanni FISCHER 1884 t/l; West Africa 

Pristis annandalei CHAUDHURI 1908 t/l; Burma. 

? Pristis typica HOFFMAN 1929 t/l; Cuba. 

Range; E. Atlantic:Med. to Equatorial West Africa. 

W. Atlantic: N. Florida to Mid Brazil. 

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to S. Africa and east to Philiipines. 

E. Pacific: Off Mexico. 

FC 00 025005 

P. ZIJSRON Bleeker 1851 Green Sawfish 

Pristis zijsron BLKR. 1851 t/l; Bandjermassing, Borneo. (Rivers) 

Pristis zysron BLKR. 1852 t/l; Bandjermassing, Borneo. 

Pristis dubius BLKR. 1852 t/l; East Indies. 

Pristis leptodon DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Red Sea. 

Pristis zisron TIRANT 1929 t/l; Cochin China. 

Range; Red Sea to Indo-China, Indonesia and Queensland. FC 00 025001 

P. CLAVATA Garman 1906 Dwarf Sawfish 

88

Pristis clavata GARMAN 1906 t/l; Queensland, Australia. 

Range; Queensland, Australia. 

FC 00 025004 

Subgenus PRISTIOPSIS Fowler 1905 

Pristiopsis FOWLER 1905, type Pristis perotteti M.& H. 1841 = P. microdon LATHAM 1794 

P. MICRODON Latham 1794 Largetooth Sawfish; Freshwater Sawfish. 

Galeus sp. KLEIN 1742 Hist. pisc. 3, p. 12 fig. 1-2 

Pristis microdon LATHAM 1794 t/l; Batavia according to Bleeker (rostrum only) 

Pristis microdon MUELLER & HENLE 1841 

?Pristis perotteti VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Senegal (Freshwater) 

?Pristis zephyreus JORDAN & STARKS 1895 t/l; Rio Presidio, Gulf of California and Mazatlan, 

Mexico. 

Pristiopsis leichhardti WHITLEY 1945 t/l; River Lynd, Queensland, Australia. 

Range; A mainly freshwater species found from East Africa to Indonesia and Australia. 

Tropical east and west Atlantic if P. perotteti is a synonym. 

Tropical east Pacific if P. zephyreus is a synonym. 

FC 00 025003 

Genus Pristis Subgenus unplaced 

Pristis sp. HEIKO BLEHER 1995 t/l; Rio Sambu in Darien (Panama) Aqua Geographia vol. 8, p. 

42.(illlus.) 

Probable new species of freshwater sawfish. 

Genus ANOXYPRISTIS White & Moy-Thomas 1941 

Oxypristis HOFFMAN 1912 (preoccupied ), type Pristis cuspidatus LATHAM 1794 

Anoxypristis WHITE & MOY-THOMAS 1941, new name for Oxypristis HOFFMAN 1912, 

preoccupied. 

A. CUSPIDATA ( Latham ) 1794 Narrow Sawfish; Pointed Sawfish 

Pristis cuspidatus LATHAM 1794 t/l; Sumatra acc. to M.& H. 

Squalus semisagittatus SHAW 1804 "Indian Seas". 

? Pristobatus emarginatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.) 

Range; India to Australia. 

FC 00 025002 

ORDER RHINOBATIFORMES 

89

(Guitarfish; Fiddler Rays; Banjo Rays) 

FAMILY RHINIDAE 

Genus RHINA Bloch & Schnneider 1801 

Rhina BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 type R. ancylostomus B. & S. 1801 

Demiurga GISTEL 1848 ( proposed replacement ) type R.ancylostomus B. & S. 1801 

Rhamphobatis GILL 1862 type R.ancylostomus B. & S. 1801 

NOT Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760,an inadmissible work with no species mentioned and now thought to 

be a synonym of Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806. 

NOT Rhina KLEIN 1775, in an inadmissible work and now thought to be a synonym of Squatina 

A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806. 

NOT Rhina WALBAUM 1792,an inadmissible work and based on KLEIN 1775,a synonym of 

Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806 

See discussion of status of Rhina in Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 & 1953. 

R. ANCYLOSTOMA Bloch & Schnneider 1801 Bowmouth Guitarfish; Sharkray; Mudskate. 

Rhina ancylostomus BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel Coast of India. 

Rhina anchylostoma Van HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java. 

Rhina cyclostomus SWAINSON 1839 

Range;Red Sea south to Natal,S.Africa and east to Japan,Queensland,Melanesia and the Philippines. 

FC 00 026002 

90

Genus RHYNCHOBATUS Mueller & Henle 1837 

Rhynchobatus M. & H. 1837, type Rhinobatus laevis BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Rhynchobatis M. & H. 1841, type Rhinobatus laevis BL. & SCHN. 1801 

R. DJIDDENSIS (Forskal) 1775 Giant Guitarfish; White-spotted Wedgefish 

Raja djiddensis FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djidda and Lohaja, Red Sea. 

Rhinobatus ou Squatino-Raia DUHAMEL 1782 

Raie bokhat LACEPEDE 1798 

Raie rhinobate LACEPEDE 1798 

Walawah Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India. 

? Rhinobatus laevissimus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud ) 

Rhinobatus djeddensis RUPPELL 1828 t/l; Red Sea. 

Rhinobatus djettensis RUPPELL 1835 

Rhinobates ruppellii SWAINSON 1838 

? Rhynchobatis djiddensis TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL 1850. t/l; Japan. NOT Raja djiddensis 

FORSKAL 1775 according to Besednov 1966. 

? Rhinobatus jaram MONTROUZIER 1856 t/l; Woodlark Island, Louisade Archipelago. 

Range; Red Sea and Western India Ocean south to Natal and east to Australia,Melanesia and Japan. 

FC 00 026001 

R. LAEVIS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Smoothnose Wedgefish 

Rhinobatus laevis BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India. 

Range; India 

R. LUEBBERTI Ehrenbaum 1914 African or Spikenose Wedgefish 

Rhynchobatus lubberti EHRENBAUM 1914 t/l; Tropical West Africa. 

Rhynchobatus atlanticus REGAN 1915 t/l; Lagos. 

Range; Tropical West Africa. 

R. YENTINENSIS Wang 1933 

Rhynchobatus yentinensis WANG 1933 t/l; Wenchow, China. 

Range; Wenchow, China. 

R. AUSTRALIAE Whitley 1939 White-spotted Shovelnose Ray 

Rhynchobatus djiddensis australiae WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Australia. 

Range;Australia. 

Rhynchobatus sp. COMPAGNO Broadnose Wedgefish 

Rhynchobatus sp. COMPAGNO Roughnose Wedgefish 

91

FAMILY RHINOBATIDAE 

Genus RHINOBATOS Linck 1790 

Rhinobatos ARISTOTLE 

Rhinobates JOVIUS 1524 

Rhinobatos WOTTON 1552 

Rhinobatus RONDELET 1554 

Rhinobatus sive squatinoraia FABIUS COLUMNA 1592 

Rhinobatus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work) type, Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 (assumed 

tautotype) 

Leiobatus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work) 

Rhinobatos LINCK 1790 Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 (assumed tautotype) 

Rhinobatus WALBAUM 1792 on KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work) type, Raja rhinobatos LINN. 

1758 (assumed tautotype) 

Leiobatus WALBAUM 1792 on KLEIN 1775 ( Inadmissible work) 

Rhinobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 type, Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 

Leiobatus RAFINESQUE 1810 type, Leiobatus panduratus RAFINESQUE 1810 

( = R.. rhinobatos), not precluded by KLEIN and WALBAUM. Used as a subgenus by Fowler 1941, 

following Norman 1926, but no type designated. If panduratus is rhinobatos this cannot be used as 

Rafinesque 1810. is fully available. 

Squatinoraja NARDO 1824, type Squatinoraja colonna NARDO 1824 (= Rhinobatos columnae 

BONAPARTE = Raja rhinobatos LINN. ) 

Rhinobatis BLAINVILLE 1825, type Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 

Leiobatis BLAINVILLE 1825, type Leiobatus panduratus RAF. 1810 ( = Raja rhinobatos LINN. 

1758) 

Rhinobates SWAINSON 1839 type Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 

Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) type, Rhinobatus columnae 

BONAPARTE 1836 (= rhinobatos) by subsequent designation of J.R. Norman 1966 (Manuscript). 

Mueller & Henle also included blochii, annulatus (in Rhinobatos), brevirostris (now Zapteryx), 

banksii and bougainvillii (now Aptychotrema). 

Glaucostegus BONAPARTE 1846 type Rhinobatus cemiculus ST. HILAIRE 1817 

Squatiniraja AGASSIZ 1846 ( emendation of NARDO ) 

Rhinobatus (Acroteriobatis) GILTAY 1928, type Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) annulatus M.&H. 1841 

Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS 

Rhinobatos (Scobatus) WHITLEY 1939, type Rhinobatus granulatus BLAINV. 1816. 

Rhinobatos (Platypornax) WHITLEY 1939, type Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) thouini M.& H. 1841. 

Group I (Subgenus RHINOBATUS) 

A1a rhinobatos 

A1b hynnicephalus 

A2a schlegeli 

A2b holcorhynchus 

Group 2 (Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS) 

A3a annulatus 

A3b leucospilus 

A3c zanzibarensis 

A4 blochii 

Group 3 

B1a halavi 

B1b cemiculus 

B2a typus 

B2b microphthalmus 

B3 obtusus 

B4a percellens 

B4b horkelii 

92

B5 productus 

Group 4 (Subgenus SCOBATUS) 

C1 granulatus 

Group 5 (Subgenus PLATYPORNAX) 

D1 thouin 

UNGROUPED AMERICAN SPP. 

E1a leucorhynchus 

E1b glaucostigma 

E2 lentiginosus 

F1 planiceps 

Planiceps is the most aberrant of the remaining 4 American spp. They all seem closest to group 1 

except planiceps which seems close to blochii . Leucorhynchus and glaucostigma are very close to 

each other. 

UNGROUPED OLD WORLD SPP. 

variegatus 

punctifer 

Rhinobatos sp. COMPAGNO & RANDALL Oman 

Rhinobatos sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Australia 

Group 1 (Subgenus RHINOBATUS) 

R. RHINOBATOS (Linn.) 1758 Whitespot Spinyback Guitarfish; Violinfish 

Rhinobatos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium. Aristotle considered it to be a hybrid between Rhine 

( The Monkfish ) and Batos ( some kind of skate ) 

Rhinobates JOVIUS 1524 Romanis piscibus 

Rhinobatos WOTTON 1552 

Rhinobatus RONDELET 1554; SALVIANI 1554 

Rhinobatus sive Squatinoraia cemicula FABIUS COLUMNA 1592; Phytobasanos 1744 edition 

Raia No. 1 ARTEDI 1738 

Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 t/l; Genoa and Venice. 

Raia dorso dipterygia GRONOVIUS 1763 

Rhinobatus rhinobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 

Leiobatus panduratus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily 

? Squatinoraja colonna NARDO 1824 

Rhinobatis duhameli BLAINVILLE 1825 ( Med.) 

Rhinobatus columnae BONAPARTE 1836 t/l; off Italy 

Rhinobatos albomaculatus NORMAN 1930 t/l; Gold Coast, West Africa. 

Rhinobatos irvinei NORMAN 1931 t/l; Gold Coast, West Africa. 

Range; Eastern Atlantic, from Bay of Biscay and the western Mediterranean to the Gulf of Guinea. 

R. HYNNICEPHALUS Richardson 1846 Ringstraked Guitarfish 

R. hynnicephalus hynnicephalus RICHARDSON 1846 

Rhinobatus hynnicephalus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Canton, China. 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) polyophthalmus BLEEKER 1854 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan. 

Range; S. China, Japan 

R.. hynnicephalus annandalei NORMAN 1926 

Rhinobatus annandalei NORMAN 1926 t/l; Mouth of the Hooghli, India. 

Rhinobatus lionotus NORMAN 1926 t/l;Mouth of the Hooghli, India. 

Range; India; Ceylon. 

Range; Japan to Ceylon. 

93

R. SCHLEGELI M. & H. 1841 Brown Smooth Guitarfish 

R. schlegeli schlegeli MUELLER & HENLE 1841 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) schlegelii M. & H. 1841 t/l;Nagasaki, Japan. 

Rhinobatus schlegel JORD. & FOWLER 1903 (emendation) 

R. schlegeli formosensis NORMAN 1926 

Rhinobatus formosensis NORMAN 1926 t/l; Taiwan (Formosa) 

Range of species; Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines. 

R. HOLCORHYNCHUS Norman 1922 Slender Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus holcorhynchus NORMAN 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Africa. 

Range; Natal from Port Shepstone to KwaZulu , S Africa. Endemic. 

Group 2 (Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS) 

R. ANNULATUS M. & H. 1841 Annulated Guitarfish: South African Lesser Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) annulatus M. & H. 1841 t/l; Cape of Good Hope, S Africa. 

Rhinobatus natalensis FOWLER 1925 t/l; Natal. 

Range; S. Africa from Central Natal to Northern Namibia.Endemic. 

Cape form: Annular markings. 

Natal form: Large dark spots. 

R. LEUCOSPILUS Norman 1926 Greyspot 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus leucospilus NORMAN 1926 t/l;Durban, Natal. 

Range; Central Transkei and Natal, S.Africa. Endemic. 

R. ZANZIBARENSIS Norman 1926 Speckled Guitarfish 

R.. zannibarensis zannibarensis NORMAN 1926 

Rhinobatus zanzibarensis NORMAN 1926 t/l; Zanzibar. 

Range; Zanzibar, East Africa. 

R. zannibarensis ocellatus NORMAN 1926 

Rhinobatus ocellatus NORMAN 1926 t/l; off Bird Island, Algoa Bay, S. Africa. 

Range; Known from only 3 specimens from the type locality. Endemic. 

Species range; Zanzibar. Algoa Bay, South Africa. 

R. BLOCHII M. & H. 1841 Bluntnose 

Guitarfish. 

Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) blochii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Cape of Good Hope, S Africa. 

Range; Cape Point to Walvis Bay,S.Africa.Endemic. 

(Questionable if this bluntnose sp. is placeable here) 

R. SALADAH Randall & Compagno 1995 Oman 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos ( Acroteriobatos ) saladah RANDALL & COMPAGNO 1995 t/l; off Saladah, Southern 

Oman. 

Group 3 

R. HALAVI (Forskal) 1775 Halavi Ray 

Raja halavi FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea. 

Range; Red Sea east to China, Indonesia & Philippines Med. coast of Egypt via Suez Canal. 

R. CEMICULUS St. Hilaire 1817 Blackchin Guitarfish 

Raja rhinobatos SHAW 1804 (non LINN.) 

94

Rhinobatus cemiculus ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non FABIUS COLUMNA 1592) t/l; Med. coast of 

Egypt. 

Rhinobatus rasus GARMAN 1908 t/l; Gulf of Guinea. 

Rhinobatos congolensis GILTAY 1928 t/l; Mouth of Congo. 

Rhinobatos petiti CHABANAUD 1929 t/l; Madagascar. 

Range; Med.( Egypt) to Congo, tropical West Africa. Madagascar. 

R. TYPUS Bennett 1830 Giant Shovelnose 

Ray 

Rhinobatus typus BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra. 

Rhinobatus armatus GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832-34 t/l; India. 

Rhinobatos batillum WHITLEY 1939 t/l; North West Australia. 

Range; Southern India & Ceylon east to northern half of Australia and Solomon Is. 

FC 00 027010 

R. MICROPHTHALMUS Teng 1959 Smalleye Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos microphthalmus TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan. 

Range; Taiwan. 

R. OBTUSUS Mueller & Henle 1841 Widenose Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) obtusus M. & H. 1841 t/l;Pondicherry & Malabar, India. 

Range; India east to Indonesia. South African records refer to R. blochii 

R. PERCELLENS ( Walbaum ) 1792 Western Atlantic Guitarfish 

Raja percellens WALBAUM 1792 (Based on description of Marcgrave in Nat. Hist. of Brazil 

1648) t/l; Brazil. 

Rhinobatus electricus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Marcgrave) 

Rhinobatus glaucostictus OLFERS 1831 t/l;Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

Rhinobatus undulatus OLFERS 1831 t/l;Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

Rhinobatus marcgravii HENLE 1834 

? Rhinobatus stellio JORD. & EVERMANN 1896 (n. nud.) 

? Rhinobatus stellio JORD. & RUTTER 1897 t/l; Jamaica. 

Rhinobatus pellucens FOWLER 1916 (error) Trinidad. 

Range; North Carolina to N. Argentina. 

(stellio if distinct, from N. Carolina to Yucatan) 

Rec. from West Africa, Dahomey and mouth of Congo. 

R. HORKELI M. & H. 1841 Brazilian Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) horkelii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Bahia, Brazil. 

Range; Central Brazil to Lesser Antilles. 

R. PRODUCTUS Girard 1855 California Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus productus GIRARD 1855 t/l; San Francisco, California. 

Range; Central California to Gulf of California. 

Group 4 (subgenus SCOBATUS) 

R. GRANULATUS Cuvier 1829 Sharpnose Granulated 

Guitarfish 

Raja rhinobatos BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non LINN.) (Coromandel, India and Red Sea) 

Suttiwarah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India. 

? Rhinobatus russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Rhinobatus granulatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.) 

Rhinobatus granulatus CUVIER 1829 t/l; No loc.; Tranquebar and Pondicherry according to M.& 

H. 1841 

Rhinobatus tuberculatus CUVIER 1829 (On Russell ) Type locality Bengal according to Bleeker 

1852. 

95

? Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) philippi MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; No loc. 

? Rhinobatus spinosus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; " Mexico".Type locality considered erroneous by 

Bigelow & Schroeder (1953) 

Rhinobatus acutus GARMAN 1908 t/l; Ceylon. 

Range; Red Sea to India & China. NSW., Australia. 

Group 5 (subgenus PLATYPORNAX) 

` 

R. THOUIN ( Anon. ) 1798 Thouin Ray; Clubnose Guitarfish 

Raja thouin ANON. 1798 ( Allg. Lit.- Zeit Vol. 3 ) No loc. 

La raie thouin LAC. 1798 ( Loc. unknown) 

Raja thouinianus SHAW 1804 ( Mus. Prince of Orange ) (On LAC. ) 

? Rhinobatus coromandelicus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n.nud.) 

Rhinobatus thouini VAN HASSELT 1823 (n.nud.) t/l; Java. 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) ligonifer CANTOR 1849 t/l; Penang. 

Rhynchobatus thonini DUNCKER 1904 (error) 

Range; Western Thailand south to Indonesia and east to South Vietnam. 

UNGROUPED AMERICAN SPECIES 

R. LEUCORHYNCHUS Gunther 1866 Whitesnout Guitarfish 

Rhinobates leucorhynchus GUNTHER 1866 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama. 

Range; Pacific coast of Central America. 

R. PLANICEPS Garman 1880 Flathead 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus planiceps GARMAN 1880 t/l; Payta & Callao, Peru. 

Range; Peru and Galapagos Is. 

R. LENTIGINOSUS Garman 1880 Freckled 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatus lentiginosus GARMAN 1880 t/l; Florida. 

Range; N. Carolina to Yucatan. 

R. GLAUCOSTIGMA Jordan & Gilbert 1883 Slaty- spotted Guitarfsh 

Rhinobatus glaucostigma JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

? Rhinobatos sp. KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 t/l; West coast of Mexico. 

Range; Lower California to Ecuador. 

R. PRAHLI Acero & Franke 1995 Prahl’s 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos prahli ACERO & FRANKE 1995 t/l; Gorgona Natl. Park, Pacific Coast of Colombia. 

UNGROUPED OLD WORLD SPECIES 

R. VARIEGATUS Nair 1973 Stripenose 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos variegatus NAIR 1973 t/l; Gulf of Manaar and Cocos- Keeling Basin,Indian Ocean. 

Range; Gulf of Manaar and Cocos- Keeling Basin,Indian Ocean. 

R. PUNCTIFER Compagno & Randall 1987 Red Sea Spotted 

Guitarfish 

96

Rhinobatos punctifer COMPAGNO & RANDALL 1987 t/l; Red Sea. 

Range; Red Sea. 

Rhinobatos sp. COMPAGNO & RANDALL Oman 

Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Goldeneye Shovelnose Ray 

Rhinobatos sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

Rhinobatos sp. 1 SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Rhinobatos sp. 2 SAINSBURY ,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Rhinobatos sp. ALLEN & SWAINSON 1988 

Rhinobatos sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 

Range;Shelf between Dampier & Broome, NW. Australia. 

FC 00 027003 

Genus TRYGONORRHINA Mueller & Henle 1841 

Trygonorrhina M.& H. 1841, type Trygonorrhina fasciata M. & H. 1841 

Also spelt Trygonorhina and Trigonorhina. 

T. FASCIATA M.& H. 1841 Southern Fiddler Ray 

? Rhinobatus fasciatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.) 

Raja fasciata BANKS in M. & H. 1841 ( name in synonymy ) 

Trygonorrhina fasciata M.& H. 1841 t/l; New Holland = Australia. 

Rhinobatus dumerili CASTELNAU 1873 

Trygonorrhina fasciata guanerius WHITLEY 1932 t/l; Glenelg, South Australia. 

Trygonorrhina guanerius WHITLEY 1940 

Range; Victoria, S. Aus. and S.W. Aus. 

FC 00 027002 

T. MELALEUCA Scott 1954 Magpie Fiddler Ray 

Trygonorrhina melaleuca SCOTT 1954 t/l; St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia. 

Range; St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia. 

FC 00 027008 

T. Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Fiddler Ray 

Trygonorrhina fasciata WHITLEY 1940 ( non M. & H. 1841 ) misidentification 

Trygonorrhina sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;S. Queensland to Twofold Bay, N.S.W.,Aus. 

FC 00 027006 

Genus ZAPTERYX Jordan & Gilbert 1880 

Rhinobatos ( Syrrhina ) M.&H. 1841 (part) Atypic 

Included columnae(= rhinobatos), blochii, annulatus (in Rhinobatos) ,brevirostris(In Zapteryx), 

banksii and bougainvillii (in Aptychotrema). 

Zapteryx JORD. & GILB. 1880 type Platyrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880 

Syrrhina GARMAN 1881 type Platyrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880 

Z. BREVIROSTRIS ( M.&H. ) 1841 Shortnose Guitarfish 

Rhinobatos ( Syrrhina ) brevirostris M.&H. 1841 t/l; Brazil 

Platyrhina ( Zapteryx ) brevirostris J. & G. 1880 

Range; Brazil. 

Z. EXASPERATA ( Jordan & Gilbert ) 1880 Roughskin Guitarfish or Banded Guitarfish 

Platyrhina ( Zapteryx ) exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; San Diego, California. 

Trigonorhina alveata GARMAN 1881 

Syrrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1882 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama. 

97

Rhinobatos exasperatus JORD. 1886 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama. 

Zapteryx xyster JORD. & EV. 1896 t/l; Pacific coast of Panama. 

Xapteryx xyster KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 (emendation) 

Range; San Diego to Panama. 

Genus PLATYRHINOIDIS Garman 1881 

Platyrhinoidis GARMAN 1881, type Platyrhina triseriata JORD. & GILB. 1880 

P. TRISERIATA ( Jordan & Gilbert ) 1880 Thornback 

Platyrhina triseriata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; Santa Barbara, California. 

Range;Point Conception, south to Santa Barbara , California. 

Genus APTYCHOTREMA Norman 1926 

Aptychotrema NORMAN 1926. type Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) bougainvillii VALENCIENNES in M.& 

H. 1841 ( = Raja rostrata SHAW & NODDER 1794) 

A. ROSTRATA ( Shaw & Nodder ) 1794. Eastern Shovelnose 

Ray 

Raja rostrata SHAW & NODDER 1794 ( not LAC., and later authors except M.&H. and WHITLEY 

) No loc. 

Raja rostrata M. & H. 1841 

Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) banksii M.&H.1841 t/l; New Holland = Australia. 

Rhinobatus ( Syrrhina ) bougainvillii VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841 t/l; Not known. 

Rhinobatus ( Syrrhina ) banksii GRAY 1851 

Rhinobatus tuberculatus MACLEAY 1882 

Aptychotrema banksii NORMAN 1926 

Aptychotrema bougainvillii NORMAN 1926 

Aptychotrema rostrata WHITLEY 1931 

Range;Moreton Bay,Queensland to Jervis Bay, NSW.,Aus.; N.Z. 

FC 00 027009 

A. VINCENTIANA (Haacke) 1885 Western Shovelnose 

Ray 

Rhinobatus vincentianus HAACKE 1885 t/l; St. Vincent's Gulf, S. Aus. 

Rhinobatas (sic) vincentianus FOWLER 1930 

Aptychotrema sp. 1 SAINSBURY KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Range;Southern & Western Australia, from Kent Islands, Bass Strait to Port Hedland, N.W. 

Australia. 

FC 00 027001 

Aptychptrema sp. LAST Indonesia. 

Aptychptrema Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Spotted Shovelnose Ray 

Aptychotrema sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; Timor Sea, off Melville I., Northern Terr., Aus. 

Range; Timor Sea, off Melville I., Northern Terr., Aus. 

FC 00 027007 

Rhinobatidae Incertae Sedis 

Rhinobatus bifurcata BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

Leiobatus britannicus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.) 

98

Rhinobatidae or Rajidae Incertae Sedis 

Genus TARSISTES Jordan 1919 

Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857 (non Rhynchobatus MUELLER & HENLE) No trivial name 

applied. 

Tarsistes JORDAN 1919 new mame for Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857, type Tarsistes philippii 

JORDAN 1919 sp. n. 

T. PHILIPPII Jordan 1919 

Rhynchobatis sp. PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Juan Fernandez, Chile. 

Tarsistes philippii JORDAN 1919 new name for the above which was based on the dried head of a 

large ray with a long thin flat snout and was not given a trivial name by the original author. 

FAMILY PLATYRHINIDAE 

Genus PLATYRHINA Mueller & Henle 1838 

Platyrhina M. & H. 1838, type Rhina sinensis BL. & SCHN. 1801 

(Not preoccupied by Platyrhinus SCHELLENBERG 1798 in Coleoptera.) 

Narcopterus AGASSIZ 1843 type N. bolcanus AGASSIZ 1843 (Fossil) 

Analithis GISTEL 1848 ( proposed as a replacement for Platyrhina M.& H., not necessary) 

Discobatus GARMAN 1880 ( proposed as a replacement for Platyrhina M.& H., not necessary) 

P. SINENSIS ( Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Fanray 

La Raie chinoise LAC. 1798 ( China ) 

Rhina sinensis BL.& SCHN. 1801 t/l; China. (On LAC. 1798) 

Narcobatus sinensis BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.) 

Platyrhina sinensis M. & H. 1841 (Japan;China) 

Discobatus sinensis GARMAN 1880 ( China ) 

Discobatis sinensis PIETSCHMANN 1908 ( Japan ) 

Range; China; Japan. 

P. LIMBOONKENGI Tang 1933 Amoy Fanray 

Platyrhina limboonkengi TANG 1933 t/l; Amoy, China. 

(Also spelt limbomkenyi ) 

Range; China. 

Genus ZANOBATUS Garman 1913 

Zanobatus GARMAN 1913, type Platyrhina schoenleini M. & H. 1841 

Z. SCHOENLEINI (M. & H.) 1841 Striped Thornback 

Guitarfish 

Platyrhina schoenleinii M. & H. 1841 t/l; India. 

Discobatus schoenleinii GARMAN 1880 ( India ) 

Zanobatus schoenleinii GARMAN 1911 

Range; India. 

Z. ATLANTICUS (Chabanaud) 1928 Atlantic Roundhead 

Guitarfish 

99

Platyrhinoidis atlantica CHABANAUD 1928 t/l; Tropical West Africa. 

Range; Tropical West Africa. 

ORDER TORPEDINIFORMES 

(Electric Rays; Torpedo Rays; Numbfish; Crampfish) 

FAMILY TORPEDINIDAE 

(Torpedo Rays) 

Genus TORPEDO Houttuyn 1764 

Subgenus TORPEDO Houttuyn 1764 

Torpedo PLINY Nat. Hist, libri 9, 42 

Torpedo HOUTTUYN 1764, type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 

Narcacion KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work), type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 

Narcobatus BLAINVILLE 1816, type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 

Narcobatis BLAINVILLE 1825 ( emendation ) 

Narcacion GILL 1862 ( No species mentioned ) 

Fimbriotorpedo FRITSCH 1886, type Torpedo marmorata RISSO 1810 

Eunarce FOWLER 1910,type Torpedo narke RISSO 1810 (? = Raja torpedo LINN.) 

T. TORPEDO GROUP 

T. TORPEDO (Linn.) 1758 Ocellate Torpedo 

Narke ARISTOTLE Hist. Animalium II 

Torpedo PLINY, Historia libri 9 42; JOVIUS 1524; WOTTON 1552 

Torpedo oculata BELON 1553 

Narcacion torpedo KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work) 

Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 "Sinus Persici et Mare Mediterranaea"(Part, Med. only) 

Cramp fish BROOKES 1763 

Cramp ray PENNANT 1769 

Torpedo narke DELAROCHE 1809 t/l; Ibiza. 

Torpedo narke RISSO 1810; 1826 t/l; Nice, France 

Torpedo ocellata RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily.(New name for R. torpedo LINN. in Med.) 

Torpedo unimaculata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice. 

100

Torpedo ocellata RUDOLPHI 1821 

Raia narce NARDO 1827 

Torpedo oculata DAVY 1829 (new name for ocellata RAF.); MUELLER & HENLE 1841 

Torpedo narke BONAPARTE 1841 t/l; Italy. 

Range;Bay of Biscay and Med. to Angola. 

T. MARMORATA GROUP 

T. MARMORATA Risso 1810 Marbled Torpedo 

Narce BELON 1553 

Torpedo BELON 1553 

Torpedo tertia et quarto RONDELET 1554 

Torpillo REAUMUR 1714 

Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 (Part) t/l; ""Sinus Persici et Mare Mediterranaea". Med. material; only. 

Torpedo WALSH 1773 

Narcacion KLEIN 1775 

Electric Ray PENNANT 1776 

Torpillo DUHAMEL 1782 

Torpedo marmorata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France. 

Torpedo galvani RISSO 1810 ( on Rondelet) 

Torpedo immaculata RAF. 1810 t/l;Sicily. 

Torpedo punctata RAF. 1810 t/l;Sicily. 

Torpedo vulgaris FLEMING 1828 (Ireland & south of England) 

Torpedo diversicolor DAVY 1834 t/l; Malta. 

Torpedo picta LOWE 1843 t/l; Madeira. 

Torpedo trepidans VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canaries. 

Torpedo hebetans VALENCIENNES 1844 ( non LOWE 1841) (Canaries) 

Range;Southern North Sea to Med. 

T. SINUSPERSICI Olfers 1831 Gulf Marbled Torpedo 

? Torpedo sinus-persici KAEMPFER 1712 

Raia torpedo GMELIN 1789 ( non LINN.) ( On Kaempfer ) 

Torpedo marmorata var. d * Torpedo sinus-persici OLFERS 1831 ( On 

Kaempfer ) t/l; "Persian Gulf" = Red Sea according to Dumeril 1852. 

Torpedo sinus-persici DUMERIL 1852 (Red Sea ) 

Torpedo smithii GUNTH. 1870 t/l; South Africa. 

Range;Red Sea & Persian Gulf to South Africa; Madagascar and east to India. 

101

T. PANTHERA Olfers 1831 Leopard Torpedo 

Torpedo marmorata var. y panthera OLFERS 1831 t/l; Red Sea. 

Torpedo marmorata var. c HENLE 1834 

Torpedo panthera RUEPPELL 1835 

Torpedo suessii STEINDACHNER 1898 t/l; Perim; Mocca, Red Sea. 

Torpedo zugmayeri ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Gwadar, Baluchistan. 

Range;Red Sea & Western Indian Ocean to Madagascar east to India. 

T. FUSCOMACULATA Peters 1855 Black-spotted Torpedo 

Torpedo fuscomaculata PETERS 1855 t/l; off Mozambique. 

Narcacion polleni BLEEKER 1865 t/l; Reunion I., W. Indian Ocean. 

Range; Mozambique to South Africa and Reunion I. W Indian Ocean. 

Two forms, spotted and fine-speckled. 

T. MACKAYANA GROUP 

T. MACKAYANA Metzelaar 1919 Ringed Torpedo 

Torpedo mackayana METZELAAR 1919 t/l; Senegal. 

Range;Senegal. 

UNGROUPED TORPEDO (TORPEDO) 

T. ANDERSONI Bullis 1962 Florida Torpedo 

Torpedo andersoni BULLIS 1962 t/l; Florida Str. 

Range; Florida Str. 

T. BAUCHOTAE Cadenat 1978 Rosette Torpedo 

Torpedo bauchotae CADENAT in CAPAPE & DeSOUTTER 1978 t/l; Baie de la Pointe Noire, 

Congo. 

Range;Congo coast. 

T. ALEXANDRIENSIS Mazhar 1982 Alexandrine Torpedo 

Torpedo alexandriensis MAZHAR 1982 t/l; off Alexandria, Egypt. 

Range; off Alexandria, Egypt. 

Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Comoro Red Torpedo 

Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Mauritius Torpedo 

Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Seychelles Torpedo 

Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp.(?) [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Kenyan Spotted Torpedo 

Subgenus TETRONARCE Gill 1862 

Tetronarce GILL 1862,type Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 = nobiliana. 

Gymnotorpedo FRITSCH 1886,type Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 = nobiliana. 

Tetranarce JORDAN & EVERMANNN 1895 (Emendation) 

Tetronarcine TANAKA 1908, type Tetronarcine tokionis TANAKA 1908 

Notastrape WHITLEY 1932, type Notastrape macneilli WHIT. 1932 

T. NOBILIANA Bonaparte 1835 Atlantic Black Torpedo 

Raja torpedo MITCHILL 1815 ( non LINN. ) t/l; George's Bank, off Block Island, N.Y. 

Torpedo nobiliana BONAPARTE 1835 t/l; Italy 

102

Crampfish STORER 1839 ( New York) 

Torpedo walshii THOMPSON 1840 t/l; Ireland. 

Torpedo hebetans LOWE 1841 t/l; Madeira. 

Torpedo emarginata McCOY 1841 t/l; Dublin Bay, Ireland. 

Torpedo nobiliana M. & H. 1841 

Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 t/l; Provincetown, Massachusetts. 

Torpedo nigra GUICHENOT 1850 t/l; Algeria. 

Narcacion occidentale GILL 1861 t/l; East coast of North America. 

Tetronarce occidentalis GILL 1862 

Torpedo hebetans GUNTHER 1870 

Narcacion nobilianus GARMAN 1913 

Narcobatus nobilianus BARNARD 1925 t/l; S. Africa. 

Tetronarce nobiliana De BUEN 1935 t/l; S. Brazil. 

Range; E. Atlantic: Orkneys to Madeira ;Azores; N. Africa & Med., south to S. Africa. W. Atlantic: 

Nova Scotia to Florida Keys. Off S. Brazil. 

T. CALIFORNICA Ayres 1855 East Pacific Torpedo 

? Torpedo chilensis GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile 

Torpedo californica AYRES 1855 t/l; California. 

Range; S. British Colombia to S. California. ?Chile 

T. FAIRCHILDI Hutton 1872 Short-tail Torpedo 

Torpedo fairchildi HUTTON 1872 t/l; New Zealand 

Torpedo fusca PARKER 1884 t/l; Dunrdin, New Zealand. 

Notastrape macneilli WHITLEY 1932 t/l; NSW., Aus. 

Range; New Zealand; NSW., Victoria and S. Aus. 

FC 00 028003 

T. TOKIONIS (Tanaka ) 1908 Trapezoid Torpedo 

Tetronarcine tokionis TANAKA 1908 t/;Sagami Bay, Japan. 

Range; Japan. 

T. PUELCHA Lahille 1928 Argentine Torpedo 

Torpedo puelcha LAHILLE 1928 t/l; Argentina. 

Range;Argentina. 

T. TREMENS De Buen 1959 Chilperu Torpedo 

Torpedo tremens De BUEN 1959 t/l; Chile. 

Torpedo tremens peruana CHIRICHIGNO 1963 t/l; Peru. 

Range;Chile;Peru 

T. MICRODISCUS Parin & Kotlyar 1985 Smalldisk Torpedo 

Torpedo microdiscus PARIN & KOTLYAR 1985 t/l;SE. Pacific, open sea. 

Range;SE. Pacific, open sea. 

T. SEMIPELAGICA Parin & Kotlyar 1985 Semipelagic Torpedo 

Torpedo semipelagica PARIN & KOTLYAR 1985 t/l; SE. Pacific, open sea. 

Range;SE. Pacific, open sea. 

Torpedo (Tetronarce) Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Longtail Torpedo 

Torpedo sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 

Range;(E. Aus.) Newcastle, NSW. to Bowen, Queensland. 

(W. Aus.) Shark Bay to Rowley Shoals. 

FC 00 028006 

Torpedo (Tetronarce) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Mozambique Offshore Torpedo 

103

Torpedo (Tetronarce) sp. COMPAGNO Hawaiian Torpedo 

FAMILY HYPNIDAE 

Genus HYPNOS Dumeril 1852 

Lophius SHAW & NODDER 1794, type Lophius monopterygius SHAW & NODDER 1794 

.(Generic placing in error. Lophius is the Angler fish [Teleosti], original specimen based on a beachbloated 

specimen.) 

Hypnos DUMERIL 1852, type Hypnos subnigrum DUMERIL 1852 

Hypnarce WAITE 1902 (Proposed replacement of Hypnos, beleived preocc. by Huebner 1818 in 

Lepidoptera.) 

Hypnarea SHARPE 1903 (misprint) 

H. MONOPTERYGIUM (Shaw & Nodder) 1794 Coffin Ray; Short-tailed Electric Ray 

Lophius monopterygius SHAW & NODDER 1794 t/l; NSW., Aus. (Beach bloated specimen) 

Hypnos subnigrum DUMERIL 1852 t/l; Sydney, NSW. 

Hypnarce subnigra WAITE 1902 t/l; W. Aus. 

Hypnos subniger OGILBY 1916 

Range; Queensland; NSW.,S.Aus., W.Aus. 

FAMILY NARCINIDAE 

(Numbfish) 

Genus NARCINE Henle 1834 

Raja BL. & SCHN. 1801(part), included Raja timlei BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Narcobatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), type Narcobatus maculatus BLAINVILLE 1816 = Raja 

maculata SHAW 1804 

Narcine HENLE 1834, type Torpedo brasiliensis OLFERS 1831 

Syrraxis BONAPARTE 1835, ex JOURDAN MS. type Narcine indica HENLE 1834 

Cyclonarce GILL 1862, type Raja timlei BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Gonionarce GILL 1862, type Narcine indica HENLE 1834 

Narcina JORD. & SEALE 1905 (misprint) 

Narcinops WHITLEY 1940, type Narcine tasmaniensis RICHARDSON 1840. 

N. TIMLEI (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Blackspotted Numbfish 

Raja timlei BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India 

Torpedo ocellata QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (non RAFINESQUE) 

? Narcine microphthalma VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes" 

Narcine macrura VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes" 

Narcine indica BLKR. 1852 non HENLE ) (On RUSSELL 1803) 

Range; India to China & Japan. 

N. BICOLOR (Shaw) 1804 Bicolored Numbfish 

Nalla Temeree RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam,India 

Raja bicolor SHAW 1804 ( On RUSSELL ) 

Range; India 

104

N. MACULATA (Shaw) 1804 Darkspotted Numbfish 

Temeree RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam,India. 

Raja maculata SHAW 1804 (On RUSSELL) 

Range;India to Indonesia. 

N. BRASILIENSIS (Olfers ) 1831 Brazilian Numbfish 

Raja laevis GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work) 

Torpedo brasiliensis OLFERS 1831 t/l; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. 

Torpedo bancrofti GRIFFITH 1834 

Torpedo pictus GRAY 1854 t/l; Antilles. 

Narcine brasiliensis var. punctata GARMAN 1881 t/l; St. Vincent, West Indies. 

Narcine brasiliensis var. corallina GARMAN 1881 t/l; Key West, Florida. 

Narcine umbrosa JORD. 1884 t/l; Key West, Florida. 

? Narcine brachypleura RIBEIRO 1923 t/l; Brazil. 

Range; North Carolina to Southern Brazil. 

N. INDICA Henle 1834 Indian Numbfish 

Narcine indica HENLE 1834 t/l; Tranquebar,India. 

? Narcine microphthalma VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes" = Malabar 

Coast; Pondicherry; India. (See also N. timlei) 

Range; India, Malaysia, Indonesia. 

N. TASMANIENSIS Richardson 1840 Tasmanian Numbfish 

Narcine tasmaniensis RICHARDSON 1840 t/l; Tasmania. 

Range; Tasmania to NSW., Australia. 

FC 00 028002 

N. LINGULA Richardson 1846 Rough Numbfish 

Narcine lingula RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; China. 

Range; Japan to Indo-China. 

N. NIGRA Dumeril 1852 Black Numbfish 

Narcine nigra DUMERIL 1852 t/l; Brazil. 

Range; Brazil. 

N. ENTEMEDOR Jord. & Starks 1895 Cortez Numbfish 

Narcine entemedor JORDAN & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Narcine schmitti HILDEBRAND 1948 t/l; Gulf of California. 

Range; Gulf of California to Panama. 

N. BRUNNEA Annandale 1909 Brown Numbfish 

Narcine brunnea ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Hooghli River mouth, India. 

Range;Bengal. 

N. FIRMA Garman 1913 Stout Numbfish 

Narcine firma GARMAN 1913 t/l; Ceylon. 

Range; Ceylon 

N. VERMICULATUS Breder 1928 Vermiculated Numbfish 

Narcine vemiculatus BREDER 1928 t/l; Off San Benito, Pacific coast of Mexico. 

Narcine ommata CLARK 1936 t/l; Pacific coast of central America. 

Range; Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America. 

N. PRODORSALIS Besednov 1966 Tonkin Numbfish 

Narcine prodorsalis BESEDNOV 1966 t/l; Gulf of Tonkin. 

Range; Gulf of Tonkin. 

105

N. BREVILABIATA Besednov 1966 Shortlip Numbfish 

Narcine brevilabiata BESEDNOV 1966 Gulf of Tonkin. 

Range;Gulf of Tonkin. 

N. WESTRALIENSIS McKay 1966 Banded Numbfish 

Narcine westraliensis McKAY 1966 t/l; Shark Bay, Western Australia. 

Range; Shark Bay, Western Austral 

FC 00 028005 

N. RIERAI (Lloris & Rucabado) 1991 Mozambique Numbfish 

Heteronarce rierai LLORIS et. al. 1991 t/l; Mozambique. 

Range; Mozambique. 

Narcine sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Ornate Numbfish 

Narcine westraliensis GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 (non McKAY) misidentification 

Narcine westraliensis SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 (non McKAY) misidentification 

Narcine sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range;Wessel I.,Northern Terr. to Cape York, Queensland,Aus. 

FC 00 028007 

Narcine sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Western Numbfish 

Narcine sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1993 

Narcine sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; slope off Western Australia. 

FC 00 028004 

Narcine sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Numbfish 

Narcine sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; Slope off N. Queensland. 

FC 00 028008 

Narcine sp. COMPAGNO & MEE Bigeye Numbfish 

Narcine sp. RANDALL Whitespot Numbfish 

Narcine (?) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Comoro deepwater numbfish 

Genus DISCOPYGE Heckel in Tschudi 1845 

Discopyge HECKEL in TSCHUDI 1845, type Torpedo tschudii HECKEL 1845 

D. TSCHUDII (Heckel in Tschudi ) 1845 Apron Ray 

Torpedo tschudii HECKEL in TSCHUDI 1845 t/l; Peru. 

Range; Mid Peru south to Patagonia and round to Rio de la Plata, Argentina. 

Genus BENTHOBATIS Alcock 1898 

Benthobatis ALCOCK 1898, type Benthobatis moresbyi ALCOCK 1898 

B. MORESBYI Alcock 1898 Dark Blindray 

Benthobatis moresbyi ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Travancore Coast, India. 

Range; S. India & East side of Arabian Gulf. 

B. MARCIDA Bean & Weed 1909 Pale or Deepsea Blindray 

Benthobatis marcida BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; off Florida & S. Carolina in 350-500 fms. 

Benthobatis cervina BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; off N. Florida in 373 fms. 

Range; Florida & S. Carolina in deep water. 

106

Benthobatis sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT Narrow Blindray 

Benthobatis sp. Eastern Pacific Blindray 

Benthobatis sp. South Atlantic Blindray 

Genus HETERONARCE Regan 1921 

Heteronarce REGAN 1921, type Heteronarce garmani REGAN 1921 

H. MOLLIS (Lloyd ) 1907 Soft Numbfish 

Narcine mollis LLOYD 1907 t/l; Arabian Sea. 

Range; Arabian Sea. 

H. GARMANI Regan 1921 Natal Numbfish 

Heteronarce garmani REGAN 1921 t/l; Natal, S. Africa. 

Heteronarce regani VON BONDE & SWART 1922 t/l; S. Africa. 

Narcine natalensis FOWLER 1925 t/l; Natal (East London),S.Africa. 

Range; off S. Africa. 

H. PRABHUI Talwar 1981 Quilon Numbfish 

Heteronarce prabhui TALWAR 1981 t/l; Arabian Sea. 

Range; Arabian Sea. 

H. BENTUVIAI (Baranes & Randall )1989 Eilat Numbfish 

Narcine bentuviai BARANES & RANDALL 1989 t/l; Northern Red Sea. 

Range; Northern Red Sea. 

Heteronarce (?) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Aliwal Reef Numbfish 

Aliwal Reef, Southern Africa. 

Genus DIPLOBATIS Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 

Diplobatis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948, type Discopyge ommata JORDAN & GILBERT 1890 

D. OMMATA (Jordan & Gilbert) 1890 Ocellate or Target Numbfish 

Discopyge ommata JORD. & GILB. 1890 t/l; Pearl I., Bay of Panama. 

Range; Gulf of California to Colombia. 

D. PICTUS Palmer 1950 Painted Numbfish 

D. pictus pictus PALMER 1950 

Diplobatis pictus PALMER 1950 t/l; Georgetown, British Guiana. 

Diplobatis altenai BOESEMAN 1963 t/l; Surinam. 

Range; off Guianas. 

D. pictus guamachensis MARTIN 1957 

Diplobatis guamachensis MARTIN 1957 t/l; Venezuela. 

Range; Venezuela. 

D. pictus colombiensis FECHHELM & McEACHRAN 1984 

Diplobatis pictus colombiensis FECHHELM & McEACHRAN 1984 t/l; Colombia. 

Range; Colombia (Carribbaean Coast ) 

Range of species; Guianas to Colombia. 

FAMILY NARKIDAE 

(One-fin Electric Rays ) 

Genus NARKE Kaup 1826 

Narke KAUP 1826, type Raja capensis GMELIN 1789 

107

Astrape MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Raja capensis GMELIN 1789 

Bengalichthys ANNANDALE 1909, type Bengalichthys impennis ANNAN. 

N. CAPENSIS (Gmelin) 1789 Cape Onefin Numbfish 

Raja capensis GMELIN 1789 t/l; Cape of Good Hope. 

Range; Natal; Cape; Madagascar. 

N. DIPTERYGIA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Spotted Onefin Numbfish 

Rhinobatus dipterygia BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India. 

Bengalichthys impennis ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Orissa coast. 

Range; Arabian Sea to India, China & Japan. 

N. JAPONICA (Schlegel ) 1850 Japanese Spotted 

Torpedo 

Torpedo (Astrape) japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Japan. 

Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1888 (non Mueller & Henle) 

Range; Japan. 

Narke sp. 1 COMPAGNO Thailand Electric 

Ray 

Narke sp. 2 COMPAGNO Taiwan Dwarf Electric 

Ray 

Genus TYPHLONARKE Waite 1909 

Typhlonarke WAITE 1909, type Astrape aysoni HAMILTON 1902 

T. AYSONI (Hamilton ) 1902 Blind Legged 

Torpedo 

Astrape aysoni HAMILTON 1902 t/l; Foveaux Strait, N.Z. 

Range;N. Z. 

T. TARAKEA Phillipps 1929 Slender Legged 

Torpedo 

Typhlonarke tarakea PHILLIPPS 1929 t/l; N.Z. 

Range; N.Z. 

Genus CRASSINARKE Takagi 1951 

Crassinarke TAKAGI 1951, type Crassinarke dormitor TAKAGI 1951 

C. DORMITOR Takagi 1951 Sleeper 

Torpedo 

Crassinarke dormitor TAKAGI 1951 t/l; Japan 

Range; Japan 

FAMILY TEMERIDAE 

Genus TEMERA Gray 1831 

Temera GRAY 1831, type Temera hardwickii GRAY 1831 

T. HARDWICKEI Gray 1831 Finless Electric 

Ray 

Temera hardwickei GRAY 1831 t/l; Penang. 

Range; Malay Pen., Penang to S. Indo- China ( Cochin China ). 

108

109

Family RAJIDAE 

Subfamily RAJINAE 

Tribe RAJINI 

Genus RAJA 

Genus DIPTURUS 

Genus OKAMEJEI 

Genus ROSTRORAJA 

Tribe DACTYLOBATINI 

Genus DACTYLOBATUS 

Subfamily LEUCORAJINAE 

Genus LEUCORAJA 

Genus RAJELLA 

Genus BREVIRAJA 

ORDER RAJIFORMES 

110

Subfamily AMBLYRAJINAE 

Genus AMBLYRAJA 

Subfamily GURGESIELLINAE 

Genus GURGESIELLA 

Genus MALACORAJA 

Genus NEORAJA 

Family SYMPTERYGIIDAE 

Subfamily SYMPTERYGIINAE 

Tribe SYMPTERYGINI 

Genus SYMPTERYGIA 

Genus PSAMMOBATIS 

Genus IROLITA 

Tribe ARHYNCHOBATINI 

Genus ARHYNCHOBATIS 

Tribe PSEUDORAJINI 

Genus PSEUDORAJA 

Tribe BATHYRAJINI 

Genus BATHYRAJA 

Genus RHINORAJA 

Subfamily RIORAJINAE 

Genus RIORAJA 

Subfamily PAVORAJINAE 

Genus PAVORAJA 

Genus NOTORAJA 

Family ANACANTHOBATIDAE 

Genus ANACANTHBATIS 

Genus CRURIRAJA 

Family RAJIDAE 

Subfamily RAJINAE 

Genus RAJA Linn. 1758 

Raia BELON 1551 

Raia ARTEDI 1738 (Part); Raia No. 2 ARTEDI = R. clavata LINN. 

Raja LINN. 1758, type R. miraletus L. by subsequent designation of Bonaparte 1838. 

Raia SCOPOLI 1777 type R. clavata L. 

Platypterus RAFINESQUE 1815 (Replacement for Raja LINN.) 

Dasybatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (non Klein 1775)-by subsequent designation of Bigelow and 

Schroeder. 

Rajabatis DE LA PYLAIE 1835 type Raia mosaica LACEPEDE 1802 

Batis BONAPARTE 1838, type R. radula DELAROCHE 1809. 

111

? Malacobatis GRATZIANOW 1907 type, Raja mucosa PALLAS (1811) 1831 (sp. dub., probably 

clavata) 

Raia (Betaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924,Type R. clavata LINN. (Pseudogenus) 

NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names. 

They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925) 

clavata group 

R. CLAVATA Linn. 1758 Thornback Ray;"Thorny Maid" ; Roker 

R. clavata clavata LINN. 1758 European Thornback Ray 

Raia proprie dicta BELON 1553 

Raia clavata RONDELET 1554 

Raia No. 2 ARTEDI 1738 

Raja clavata LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo 

? Raja rubus LINN. 1758 (unidentifiable) 

Thornback BROOKES 1763 

Raja ruber BLOCH 1784 t/l; North Sea off Hamburg. 

La Raie Cuvier LACEPEDE 1798 

Raja cuvieria BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 tl; Fiquainville ,nr. Valmont, France 

Raja aspera RISSO 1810 t/l: Nice, Framce 

Raja pontica PALLAS (1811) 1831 t/l: Littoriae Tauriae = S.Coast of Black Sea. 

? Raja mucosa PALLAS (1811) 1831 t/l; ? Black Sea 

Raja punctata HOLLBERG 1822 (non RISSO 1810) 

Raja schultzii MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) specimens from Nice, France. 

? Malacobatis mucosa GRATZIANOW 1906 (on Pallas 1811) 

Range; Northeast Atlantic from off Middle & N. Norway (rarely S. Iceland), south of the Arctic 

circle, North Sea, south to Med., Black Sea and adjacent Eastern Atlantic south to Rio de Oro. 

Canary Is. Coast from inshore down to 300 m. 

The nominal occurrence of R.. c. clavata has not been confirmed within the West African tropics 

but may well occur there. 

R. clavata maderensis LOWE 1837 Madeira Thornback 

Ray 

Raja maderensis LOWE 1837 t/l; Madeira 

Range; Madeira down to 150 m.; Posssibly Azores. The status of maderensis as a subspecies is not 

usually recognised by systematists of this group. 

R. clavata rhizacanthus REGAN 1906 Southern Atlantic Thornback 

Ray 

Raja capensis MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) ( non GMELIN 1789 = Narke.) 

t/l; Cape of Good Hope, S. Africa. 

Raja rhizacanthus REGAN 1906 t/l; Natal, S. Africa 

Raja bonaespeiensis FWLR. 1910 (New name for R.. capensis M. & H. 1841, Preoccupied by 

R. capensis GMELIN = Narke) 

Range; Southern Africa down to 1000 m.; 

Southern tip of Madagascar (clavata according to M. Stehmann 1996, personal communication.). 

R. (Raja) sp. STEHMANN 1990 Possible subsp. of R. clavata Eastern North Atlantic. 

R. clavata is a very variable form which occurs from Norway and Iceland south to just north of the 

Northern Tropic. In Southern Africa it occurs from just south of the tropic off Namibia into the SW. 

Indian Ocean. Southern tip of Madagascar. It is said to be completely distinct from straeleni. 

R. STRAELENI Poll 1951 Biscuit Skate 

Raja straeleni POLL 1951 t/l; off West Coast of South Africa. 

Raja rouxi CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Guinea Coast ,West Africa 

112

? Raja africana CAPAPE 1977 (non Raja africanus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 = Urogymnus 

africanus ) t/l; Mauritania, Northwest Africa in 200 m. Holotype MNHN 1977-206 (Another 

specimen from Mauritania and three juveniles from off Tunisia are now thought to be lost.) 

Range; Algoa Bay, South Africa to Mauritania, NW Africa 80-800 m. Possibly Natal, S. Africa. 

miraletus group 

R. MIRALETUS Linn. 1758 Brown Ray; Twineye Skate 

Raia aspera stellaris JONSTON 1649 (non aspera RONDELET 1554, non stellaris SALVIANI 

1554) 

Raia oculata WILLUGHBY 1686 

Raia No. 7 (dorso ventroque glabris) ARTEDI 1738 

Raja miraletus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo " = Mediterranean. 

Raja rubus LACEPEDE 1802 (non LINN. 1758, nec BLOCH 1784 ) t/l; ? 

Raja biocularis ETIENNE GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE (1809; 1817) 1827 t/l; Egypt. 

Raia quadrimaculata BONAPARTE 1839 (non RISSO 1826) (Italy). 

Raja ocellifera REGAN 1906 t/;Algoa Bay & Natal, S. Africa. 

? Raja ocellifera GARMAN 1913 (non REGAN 1906) 

Range; Med. & North Portugal south to Southern Africa round to Natal.; Madeira. Continental shelf. 

R. TEXANA Chandler 1921 Texas Eyed 

Skate 

Raja texana CHANDLER 1921 t/l; off Houston, Texas 

Range; off Texas east to W. Florida 

asterias group 

R. ASTERIAS Delaroche 1809 Mediterranean Spotted Ray 

Raia asterias BELON 1553 ( non RONDELET 1554 ) 

Raia asterias aspera RONDELET 1554 

Raia stellaris SALVIANI 1554 

Raia stellata VALMONT 1768 ( Inamissible work in Zool. Nomenclature ) 

Raja asterias DELAROCHE 1809 ( non Rondelet 1554 ) t/l; Med. coast of Spain . 

Raia punctata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France. 

? Raja speculum BLAINVILLE 1825 

Raia quadrimaculata RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice, France. 

Raja jojenia COCCO 1836 t/l; Med. 

Raja schultzii M. & H. 1841 (part ) (Abbeville and Nice,France) 

Raja schultzii DUMERIL 1865 

Raja stellata GARMAN 1913 

Raja polystigma REGAN 1923 t/l; off Tunisia,, or off Dalmatia and Nice. 

Range; Coastal waters of western Med. only, inshore down to 100 m. Endemic. 

R. MONTAGUI Fowler 1910 Homelyn or Spotted Ray 

Raja asterias RONDELET 1554 (non BELON 1553) 

Raia oculata VALMONT 1768 ( Inamissible work in Zool. Nomenclature ) (non WILLUGHBY 

1686) 

Raia ruber DONOVAN 1803 (non LINN. 1758; non BLOCH 1784; non LAC. 1802. ) 

Raia miraletus DONOVAN 1806 (non LINN. 1758 ) 

Raia fullonica TURTON 1806 (non LINN. 1758) 

Raia maculata MONTAGU 1815 ( non DUHAMEL 1782, non SHAW 1804 = Narcine) 

113

Raia oculata RISSO 1826 (non WILLUGHBY 1686) t/l; Nice ,France. 

Homelyn Ray YARRELL 1836 

Raja schultzii M & H 1841 (Part ) ( Italy; Sicily ) 

Raja asterias M & H 1841 (non DELAROCHE 1809 ) 

Spotted Ray COUCH 1867 

Raja montagui FWLR. 1910 (new name for R. maculata MONTAGU , preoccupied by SHAW 

1804 ) 

Range; Shetland and S. Norway to Morocco & Western Med. Not in Eastern North Sea, Baltic or 

Black Sea. Coastal to 100 m. 

R. BRACHYURA Lafont 1871 Blonde Ray 

Raja schultzii M. & H. 1841 (part) ( Italy ) 

Raja asterias GUNTH. 1870 (non BELON 1553, nec RONDELET 1554, nec DELAROCHE 

1809) 

Raja brachyura LAFONT 1871 t/l; Coast of the Gironde,France. 

Raja blanda HOLT & CALDERWOOD 1895 t/;l; West Coast of Ireland 

Raja oculata FOWLER 1935 (non WILLUGHBY 1686, nec VALMONT 1768, nec RISSO 1826 ) 

Range;Western North Sea, Shetlands and Scotland to Western Med. and Morocco. Inshore to 100 

m. 

Not in E. North Sea , Baltic & Black Sea. 

undulata group 

R. UNDULATA Lac. 1802 Painted Ray 

Raja undulata LAC. 1802 ( No type mentioned ) (non VALMONT = R. batis LINN.) 

Raja picta LAC. 1802 ( No type mentioned ) 

Raja mosaica LAC. 1802 ( No type mentoned ) 

? Raja nigra LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen 

Raja fenestrata RAF. 1810 ( Sicily ) 

Range; S. England and S. Ireland to Western Med., south to Senegal. Canary Is. In coastal waters 

down to 200 m. 

R. RADULA Delaroche 1809 Mediterranean Rough Skate 

Raja radula DELAROCHE 1809 t/l; Ibiza 

Raja virgata ETIENNE GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE 1827 ( ?) 

Raja atra M. & H. 1841 (Sicily) 

Range ; Western Med. (endemic) Coastal waters to 300 m. 

R. HERWIGI Krefft 1965 Cape Verde Rough Skate 

Raja herwigi KREFFT 1965 t/l; Cape Verde Is 

Ra; Cape Verde Is. 55-102 m. Possibly continental NW.Africa 

eglanteria group 

R. EGLANTERIA Bosc in Lacepede 1802 Brier Skate; Clearnosed Skate; Summer Skate 

Raja eglanteria BOSC ( in LAC. ) 1802 t/l; Charleston, N. Carolina 

Raja diaphanes MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York 

Raja desmarestia LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; Florida 

Raja americana DEKAY 1842 t/l; New York 

Range ; Massachusetts Bay to Florida, USA 

This species has recently been listed under Leucuraja by McEachran J.D. in Mould B.& 

McEachran J.D. Revision of Garman’s Nomenclature in The Plagiostomia REPRINT 1997. 

microcellata group 

R. MICROCELLATA ( Montagu ) 1815 Small-eyed 

Ray 

114

Raia microcellata MONTAGUE 1815 t/l; S. Coast Devon, England. 

Range; S. Ireland & Cornwall to Morocco and Rio de Oro in coastal waters down to 100 m. 

Not North Sea & Med. 

stellulata group 

R. STELLULATA Jordan & Gilbert 1880 Starry Skate; Prickly Skate; Rasptail Skate 

Raja stellulata JORD. & GILBERT 1880 t/l; California 

Raja equatorialis JORDAN & BOLLMAN 1890 t/l; south of Pearl I., Gulf of Panama 

Raja montereyensis GILBERT 1915 t/l; Monterey, California 

Raja velezi CHIRICHIGNO 1973 t/l; Peru 

Range; N.W.Alaska to S. California. Gulf of Panama to Peru. 

ackleyi group 

R. ACKLEYI Garman 1881 Ackley's 

Skate 

Raja ackleyi GARMAN 1881 t/l; Yucatan Bank 

Raja bahamensis BIG. & SCHR. 1965 t/l; Little Bahama Bank 

Range; Yucatan Bank to S.Florida and Bahamas. 

cervigoni group 

R. CERVIGONI Bigelow & Schroeder 1964 Venezuela Skate 

Raja cervigoni BIG. & SCHR. 1964 t/l; Venezuela 

Range; Venezuela 

Genus DIPTURUS Rafinesque 1810 

(Longnose Skates) 

Laeviraia SALVIANI 1554 ; GESNER 1558; WILLUGHBY 1686 (= R. oxyrinchus) 

Raia WILLUGHBY & RAY 1686 (R. clavata W.&R. = R . batis LINN.) 

Raia ARTEDI 1738 (part) Raia No. 8 ARTEDI = R.. oxyrinchus LINN. 

Leiobatus KLEIN 1775 (inadmissible work ) type R.. oxyrinchus LINN. 

Dipturus RAFINESQUE 1810 Type R..batos RAF. = R . batis LINN. 

Propterygia OTTO 1821, type Propterygia hyposticta OTTO (Monstrosity of R. batis) (Scotland) 

Laeviraja BONAPARTE 1838, type, R.. oxyrinchus LINN. 

Raia (Gammaraia ) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type R. batis LINN. 



Raja (Zearaja) WHITLEY 1939, type, R.. nasuta M&H 1841 

Raja (Tengujei) ISHIYAMA 1958, type, R.. tengu JORDAN & FOWLER 1903. 

FOSSIL NAMES 

Actinobatis AGASSIZ 1838 Type Raja (Actinobatis ) ornata AGASSIZ 

Senior homonym of R. ornata GARMAN 1881 

D. BATIS (Linn.) 1758 East Atlantic Blue Skate;"Bluet"; Grey Skate 

115

R. batis batis LINN. 1758 

Raia undulata sive cinerea RONDELET 1554 

Raia clavata WILLUGHBY 1686 (non Linn. 1758) 

Raia varia (no. 9) ARTEDI 1738 

Raja batis LINN. 1758 (Oceano Europaeo ) 

Raia leiobatos GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work ) 

Raia laevis VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work ) 

Raia gaimardi VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work ) 

Raia undulata VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work ) 

Skate PENNANT 1769 

Raia machuelo OSBECK 1770 (Inadmissible work ) (Spain) 

Raia laevis alba DUHAMEL 1782 ( Inadmissible work ) 

Raja osbeckii WALBAUM 1792 (on Osbeck 1770 ) ( Inadmissible work ) 

Raja hispanica BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Osbeck) (Spain) 

Raja (Dipturus) batos RAFINESQUE 1810 

Raia rostrata BLAINV. 1816 (non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema, nec LAC . 1802, 

nec RISSO 1810 ) 

Propterygia hyposticta OTTO 1821 (Malformed specimen of R. batis LINN. ) t/l; Scotland 

Raja alata REINHARDT 1825 (Malformed specimen of R. batis LINN. ) 

Raja flossada RISSO 1826 ( non RISSO 1810 ) t/l; Nice, France. 

Raja gaimardi VALENCIENNES 1847 ( = R. gaimardi VALMONT, inadmiss.) t/l; Iceland 

Raja leiobatos GRAY 1851 t/l; "Oceano septentrionale " 

? Raja chinensis BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; Peking ? (sp. dub.). Garman, 1913 state that this is 

very similar to R..batis but it has never benn seen since the original description was made in latin. 

Range; North Norway and Iceland, North Sea & W. Baltic south to Madeira,Canary Is. & W. 

Med.and to Senegal, W. Africa. 100-1000 m. 

D. batis var. macrorhynchus (Rafinesque) 1810 Flapper Skate 

Raia oxyrhynchos RONDELET 1554 (non oxyrhynchos ROND. 1554, non oxyrinchus LINN. 1758 

) 

Raja rhomboidalis TILESIUS 1809 ( Italy ) 

Raia macrorhynchus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Raia mucossissima NARDO 1827 t/l; Italy 

Raja intermedia PARNELL 1838 t/l; Firth of Forth. 

Flapper Skate PARNELL 1838 t/l; Firth of Forth. 

This is usually considered to be a variety of R. batis. 

. 

D. OXYRINCHUS (Linn.) 1758 Eastern Atlantic Sharpnose Skate 

Raia oxyrhynchos alia RONDELET 1554 

Laeviraia sp. SALVIANI 1554; 

Raia varia (No. 8) ARTEDI 1738 

Raja oxyrinchus LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo 

Raia laevis VALMONT 1768 (inadmiss.) 

Sharp-nosed Ray PENNANT 1769 (part, included part alba) 

Raja acus LAC. 1803 t/l; coast near Rouen, France 

Raja rostrata RISSO 1810 ( non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema, nec LAC. 1802 = 

R. alba ) t/l; Nice, France. 

Raja oxyrhynchus MONTAGU 1815 (Devon, England) (Emended spelling) 

Raia morula NARDO 1827 (Italy) 

Raja vomer FRIES 1838 t/l; Bohuslan Coast , Sweden. 

Raia mucronota YARRELL 1841 t/l; Ireland 

Raja salviani MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Nice, France. 

Long-nosed Skate COUCH 1867 

Laeviraia vomer MALM 1877 

Raja nidrosiensis COLLETT 1881 (non nidarosiensis STORM 1881) 

Range; Central Norway and Faroes to W. Med., Canary Is. & south to Senegal. 90-900 m. 

To 1100 m. in Med. 

116

D. LAEVIS (Mitchell) 1817 Northwest Atlantic Blackspot Skate;Barndoor Skate 

Raja laevis MITCHILL 1817 ( non GRONOV.1763; VALMONT 1768; DUHAMEL 1782 ) t/l; 

New York 

Raia chantenay LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; None 

Raja granulata GOODE & BEAN 1879 t/l; none 

Raja stabuliforis GARMAN 1913 (subst. for R. laevis MITCH. , in thebelief that the latter was 

preocc. by Gronov., Valmont and Duhamel, but these are in inadmissible works, therefore the 

substitution is unnecessary. This has sometimes been wrongly spelt as stabuliformis, but the 

etymology is stabulo, a stable or barn and foris, a door or gate, in allusion to the popular name of 

barndoor skate. 

Range; W. Atl; Grand Banks , Newfoundland to N. Carolina. ? Florida 

D. LINTEUS (Fries) 1838 Northeast Atlantic Pale Ray; Sailskate 

Raja lintea FRIES 1838 t/l; off Bohuslan, Sweden. 

Raja ingolfiana LUTKEN 1898 t/l; off Holstenborg, W. Greenland 

Range; SW Norway; Faroes; Shetland;Skagerrak;Iceland ; W. Coast of Ireland to Greenland . ? S. 

Afr.dub. 

D. NASUTUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 New Zealand Long -nosed Skate 

Raja nasuta MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; New Zealand 

Range; New Zealand 

D. CHILENSIS (Guichenot) 1848 South American Yellownose Skate 

Raja chilensis GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile 

Raja flavirostris PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile 

Raja brevicaudata MARINI 1933 t/l; Argentina 

Raja steindachneri TORTONESE 1939 (non DELFIN 1901; non FOWLER 1910) t/l; St. Helena 

Bay, Ecuador. 

Raja ecuadoriensis BEEBE & TEEVAN 1941 (new name for R. steindachneri TORTONESE) 

Range; Ecuador to Patagonia-Falklands region 

D. BINOCULATUS (Girard) 1854 North Pacific Twineye Big Skate 

Raja binoculata GIRARD 1854 t/l; San Francisco, California 

Raja cooperi GIRARD 1858 t/l;" Sandflats near entrance to Shoalwater Bay" ( = Willapa Bay, 

below Cape Shoalwater, Washington State, U.S.A Lat. 46.41 N Long. 123.42 W.) 

Raja binoculata var. inermis JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l;Santa Barbara, California 

Range: Baja California, N. of Cedros I. to Bering Sea. ?Sakhalin. 

D. RHINA (Jordan & Gilbert) 1880 Northeast Pacific Longnose Skate 

Raja rhina JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; California 

Range; S. California to SE. Alaska 

D. INORNATUS (Jordan & Gilbert) 1880 California Skate 

Raja inornata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; San Francisco, Cal. 

Raja binoculata JORD. & GILB. 1880 (non GIRARD 1854) t/l; San Francisco, Cal. 

Raja jordani GARMAN 1885 t/l; California 

Range; Cedros I., L California to Str. of San Jan de Fuca ,Washington 

D. NIDAROSIENSIS (Storm) 1881 Black Skate; Roughbelly Skate 

Raja nidarosiensis STORM 1881 t/l; Trondheim , Norway 

Raja springeri WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast of South Africa Range; (North Atlantic) Fjords of 

middle Norway; S.Sweden; S.E. Iceland; N.W. British Isles, south to Northern Mauritania in 400 to 

over 1000 m. 

Southern Africa from Luderitz, S.Namibia to Central Mozambique & Madagascar. Off West Africa 

springeri occurs in 88-740 m. 

117

D. OXYPTERUS (Philippi) 1892 South American Thintail Sharpfin Skate 

Raja oxyptera PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile 

Raja latastei DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile 

? Raja leptocauda KREFFT & STEHMANN 1974 t/l; S. Brazil 

Range; Chile; ? S. Brazil. 

D. JOHANNISDAVISI (Alcock) 1899 Travancore Skate 

Raja johannesdavisi ALCOCK 1899 t/l; off Travancore, India 

Range;off Travancore, India 

D. TENGU (Jordan & Fowler) 1903 Japanese Acutenose or Tengu Skate 

Raja tengu JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Matsushima Bay, Japan 

Range: Japan & E. China Sea 

D. PULCHRA (Lin) 1932 Chinese Mottled Skate 

Raja pulchra LIN (or LIU ) 1932 t/l; Tsingtao, China 

Range; Okhotsk Sea & both sides of Japan to E. China Sea 

D. CERVUS (Whitley) 1939 Bass Strait White-spot Skate 

Raja cerva WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Bass Str., Aus 

Range; Bass Str., S. Aus. 

FC 00 031003 

D. GUDGERI (Whitley) 1940 Australian Bight Skate 

Raja (Zearaja ) gudgeri WHITLEY 1940 t/l; S. Aus. 

Raja sp. no. 1 LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983 

Range; SE Indian Ocean to S. Aus. 

FC 00 031010 

D. OLSENI (Bigelow and Schroeder) 1950 Spreadfin Skate 

Raja olseni BIG. & SCHR. 1950 t/l; Gulf of Mexico. 

Range; Gulf of Mexico 

D. TEEVANI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1951 Florida Skate 

Raja teevani BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951 t/l; off Pensacola, Florida. 

Raja floridana BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l;Florida 

Range; off West coast of Florida. 

D. MACROCAUDUS (Ishiyama) 1955 Japanese Bigtail Skate 

Raja oxyrhynchus MATSUBARA 1936 (non LINN.) 

Raja macrocauda ISHIYAMA 1955 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan. 

Range; Deep water off Pacific Coasts of Honshu 

D. GIGAS (Ishiyama) 1958 Japanese Giant Skate 

Raja gigas ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan 

Range; Japan 

D. GARRICKI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 San Blas Skate 

Raja garricki BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; San Blas, Gulf of Mexico 


D. OREGONI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 Hooktail Skate 

Raja oregoni BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; Gulf of Mexico 

Range; G. of Mexico 

D. DOUTREI (Cadanet) 1960 Javelin or Prownose 

118

Skate 

Raja doutrei CADENAT 1960 t/l; Senegal, West Africa. 

Raja stenorhynchus WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast of South Africa 

Range; Mauritania round S. Africa to Central Mozambique. 163-1200 m. 

D. KWANGTUNGENSIS (Zhu) 1960 Kwangtung Skate 

Raja kwangtungensis ZHU ( =CHU ) 1960 t/l; Hiling Tao, S. China Sea 

Range; S. China Sea 

D. BULLISI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Tortugas Skate 

Raja bullisi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Dry Tortugas, Florida 

Range; Florida 

D. PULLOPUNCTATUS (J. L. B. Smith) 1964 Blackstain Slime Skate 

Raja pullopunctata J.L.B. SMITH 1964 t/l;West coast of South Africa 

Raja campbelli WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast of South Africa 

Range; Southern Africa from 23 S. off east coast to 27 S. off west coast in 50-450 m. 

D. LANCEOROSTRATUS (Wallace) 1967 Whitespot Grey Rattail Skate 

Raja lanceorostrata WALLACE 1967 t/l; off mouth of Limpopo ( S. Moz.) 

Range; S. Mozambique. 

D. INNOMINATUS (Garrick & Paul) 1974 New Zealand Smooth Skate 

Raja innominata GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Cape Campbell, N.Z. 

Range;Off New Zealand 

D. TRACHYDERMA (Krefft & Stehmann) 1974 Roughskin Skate 

Raja trachyderma KREFFT & STEHMANN 1974 t/l; Southern Brazil 

Range; S. Brazil 

D. CORTEZIENSIS (McEachran & Miyake) 1988 Cortez Skate 

Raja corteziensis McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1988 t/l; G. of California 

(Sea of Cortez) 

Range;Gulf of California 

D. CROSNIERI (Seret) 1989 Madagascar Skate 

Raja (Dipturus) crosnieri SERET 1989 t/l;Madagascar 

Range; Madagascar 

R. (Dipturus) sp. STEHMANN 1991 

Raja sp. 1 GOLOVAN 1978:202 

Raja (Dipturus) sp. STEHMANN 1991:33 holotype ZISP 48410 t/l; off Mauritania 21 30N., 

17 57W. in 1000 m. 

R. (Dipturus) sp. (cf. johannisdaviesi ALCOCK 1899) SERET Indonesia 

R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET Indonesia 

R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET New Caledonia 

R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET Philippines 

Raja sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031029 Graham's Skate 

Ra; slope off NSW.,Aus. Wollongong to Coff's Harbour, ? 1 specimen off W. Australia 

Raja sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031011 Leyland's Skate 

Ra; Upper slope W. Aus. between Ashmore Reef & Bunbury 

119

Raja sp. G Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031032 Pale Tropical Skate 

Ra; slope off Queensland, between Bunderberg & Cairns 225-550m. 

( closest relative is R. gudgeri ) 

Raja sp. H Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031033 Blacktip Skate 

Ra; slope from Wooli, NSW. to Townsville, Queensland in 240-650m. 

Raja sp. I Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031034 Weng's Skate 

Ra; E. Aus. Cairns, Queensland to Cape Pillar,Tas.. W. Tas. ; 

W. Aus. Pt. Hedland to Geraldton . 

Possibly in Gt. Australian Bight 

Raja sp. J Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031035 Brown Bight Skate or Deepwater Skate 

Raja gudgeri LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983 (non WHITLEY) (misidentification) 

Ra; slope of S. Aus. from Esperance, W. Aus. to Sydney, NSW. 

Raja sp. K Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031036 Queensland Deepwater Skate 

Ra; off Queensland between Swain Reefs & Townsville, 440-650m. 

Raja sp. L Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031037 Maugean Skate 

Ra; Bathurst Harbour, nr. Pt. Davey, SW Tasmania in 5 m. 

(closest relative R. nasuta M&H from NZ. ) 

(subg. Dipturus? ) 

The following 3 species seem close to Genus Dipturus but are not certainly placed there :- 

R. AUSTRALIS Macleay 1883 Sydney 

Skate 

Raja australis MACLEAY 1883 t/l;Botany Bay, NSW., Aus. 

Range; NSW., Aus. 

FC 00 031002 

Raja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031005 Long-nosed Skate 

Raja nasuta WHITLEY 1940 (non M&H 1841) (misidentification). R. nasuta is a N.Z. endemic. 

Ra; Victoria & Tasmania 

Raja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031028 Grey 

Skate 

Raja sp. no. 2 LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983 

Ra; slope off S.& E. Aus. 

120

Genus OKAMEJEI Ishiyama 1958 

Raja (Okamejei) ISHIYAMA 1958 type Raja fusca GARMAN 1885 (= R. kenojei M & H) 

Possible earlier names for Okamejei. 

Raja (Argoraja) WHITLEY 1940 type, R.polyommata OGILBY 1910 

Raja (Dentiraja) WHITLEY 1940 type, R.dentata KLUNZINGER 1872 

O. KENOJEI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Spiny rasp skate; Swarthy Skate; Ocellate Spot 

Skate 

Raja kenojei MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Nagasaki, S.W. Japan 

Raja porosa GUNTHER 1874 t/l;Chefoo, China 

Dasybatus undulata BLEEKER 1874 (non Raja undulata LAC.1802) 

Raja fusca GARMAN 1885 t/l;Tokyo Bay, Japan 

Raja japonica NYSTROM 1887 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan 

Raja meerdervoortii JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 (non BLKR. 1860) 

Raja tobae TANAKA 1916 t/l; Miyazu, Japan 

Raja katsukii TANAKA 1927 t/l; W. Coast of Mutsu Province, Japan 

Range; Japan,Korea,Taiwan to (?) Philippines (shallow waters) 

O. MEERDERVOORTI (Bleeker) 1860 Bigeye Skate 

Raja meerdervoortii BLEEKER 1860 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan 

Raja macrophthalma ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Harmada, Sea of Japan 

Range; Japan, China & Philippines 

O. POWELLI (Alcock) 1898 Indian Ringed Skate 

Raja powelli ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Gulf of Martaban, Burma 

Raia philipi LLOYD 1906 t/l; Gulf of Aden 

Raja (Okamejei) heemstrai McEACHRAN & FECHHELM 1982 t/l; off Kenya 

Range; Gulf of Martaban, Burma. Gulf of Aden and NW Indian Ocean 

O. HOLLANDI (Jordan & Richardson) 1909 Oriental Yellow -spotted Skate 

Raja hollandi JORDAN & RICHARDSON 1909 t/l; Takao, Taiwan 

Range; S.Japan to Gulf of Tonkin 

O. ACUTISPINA (Ishiyama) 1955 Japanese Sharpspine Skate 

Raja garmani ISHIYAMA 1950 (non WHITLEY) t/l; Sea of Japan 

Raja acutispina ISHIYAMA 1955 (new name for Raja garmani ISHIYAMA ) 

Range; S. Japan : E. China 

O. SCHMIDTI (Ishiyama) 1958 Browneye 

Skate 

Raja schmidti ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Bungo Str., Japan 

Range; Middle to S. Japan 

O. BOESEMANI (Ishiyama) 1987 Black Sand Skate 

Raja boesemani ISHIYAMA 1987 t/l; East China Sea 

Range; East China Sea 

O. PITA (Fricke & Al- Hassan) 1995 Pita Skate 

Raja (Okamejei) pita FRICKE & AL-HASSAN 1995 t/l; off Iraq, in Arabian/ Persian Gulf. 

121

R. (Okamejei) sp. N Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031013 Thintail Skate 

Range; off W. Aus. from Bunbury to Pt. Hedland 400-725m. 

R. (Okamejei) sp. SERET Indonesia. 

Genus ROSTRORAJA Hulley 1970 

Raia ( Iotaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924 Type R. marginata LAC. ( = R. alba LAC. ) 



Raja ( Rostroraja ) HULLEY 1970 Type R. alba LAC. 1802 

R. ALBA (Lacepede) 1802 White Skate; Bottlenosed Ray; Burton Skate; Spearnose Skate; 

Bordered Skate 

Sharp-nosed Ray PENNANT 1769 (part, included part R. oxyrinchus LINN.) 

Raja laevis major DUHAMEL 1782 (inadmissible work) 

? Raja maroccana BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Morocco 

Raja alba LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; Rouen, France 

? Raja rostrata LACEPEDE 1802 (non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema) t/l; Rouen, 

France 

Raja marginata LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; Dieppe; Liverpool; Brighton 

? Raja biocularis ST. HIL. 1809 t/l; ? Egypt 

? Raja rostellata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France 

Raia bicolor RISSO 1826 (non Raja bicolor SHAW 1804 = Narcine) 

t/l; Nice, France 

Bordered Ray YARRELL 1836 

Raia (Laeviraja) bramante SASSI 1846 t/l; Genoa 

Burton Skate COUCH 1867 

Range; S.W. England and Southern Ireland to Senegal, Madeira and Western Med. coastal to 400 

m. 

Namibia round Southern Africa to Central Mozambique. 50-360 m. 

Tribe DACTYLOBATINI 

Genus DACTYLOBATUS Bean & Weed 1909 

Dactylobatus BEAN & WEED 1909 type Dactylobatus armatus B. & W. 1909 

D. ARMATUS Bean & Weed 1909 Skilletskate 

Dactylobatus armatus BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; Upper slope off N. Carolina 

Range; Upper slope off N. Carolina. 

D. CLARKI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 Hookskate 

Raja clarkii BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; G. of Mexico 

Range; Gulf of Mexico. 

122

Subfamily LEUCORAJINAE 

Genus LEUCORAJA Malm 1877 

Raia ARTEDI 1738 (part ) Raia sp. No. 6 ARTEDI = R. fullonica L. 

Leucoraja MALM 1877 type R . fullonica LINN. 

Raia ( Alpharaia ) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type R. .circularis COUCH 1838 



L. FULLONICA ( Linn.) 1758 Shagreen Ray or Fuller's Ray 

L. fullonica fullonica LINN. 

Raia aspera WILLUGHBY 1686 ( non. RONDELET, non. JONSTON) 

Raia aspera nostras RAY 1713 

Raia No. 6 (toto dorso aculeata) ARTEDI 1738 

Raja fullonica LINN. 1758 t/l; " Europ. Ocean" (not Raia fullonica RONDELET 1554.= R. 

rondeletii BOUGIS 1959) 

Raia spinosa VALMONT 1768 ( Inadmisible work in zoology) 

Rough Ray PENNANT 1769 

Shagreen Ray PENNANT 1769 

Fuller Ray PENNANT 1769 

Raia chagrinea PENNANT 1769 t/l; Cornwall, England 

? Raja tuberculata BONN. 1788 

Raja granulosa BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Fiquainville, nr. Valmont, France 

La Raie chardon ASCANIUS 1805 

Raja flossada RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France. 

Raia aspera FLEMING 1828 (non RISSO 1810) 

Range; Iceland and Barents Sea to Northern Morocco and Madeira 30-550m. Western Meditarranean 

records may refer to R. rondeleti BOUGIS. Stehmann 1995 records Western Med. as within the 

range of fullonica. 

L. fullonica rondeleti (BOUGIS) 1959 Rondelet's Skate 

Raja fullonica RONDELET 1554 (non LINN.) Museo Zool. Univ. Firenze (Giglioni Collection.) 

Raja fullonica BONAPARTE 1841 (non LINN.) (On Rondelet) MZUF Giglioni Collection. 

Raja rondeleti BOUGIS 1959 (nom.nov. for R. fullonica RONDELET 1554 

& BONAP. 1841 ) 

Range; Western Mediterranean. 

Dubious references : - 

Raja fullonica [ Blainville ] MOREAU 1881 (Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrenees 

Orientales, Rousillon, SW France) 

Raja fullonica VAILLANT 1888 (sp. dubia ) (? May be a Breviraja) 

L. MELITENSIS (Clark) 1926 Maltese Skate 

Raja melitensis CLARK 1926 t/l; Malta 

123

Range: Very rare in waters around Malta & NW Africa. 

L. OCELLATA (Mitchill) 1815 Eyed Skate; Winter Skate;Big Skate 

Raja ocellata MITCHILL 1815 ( non RUSSELL 1803 = Aetobatus ) 

t/l; New York. 

Raja diaphanes DeKAY 1842 ( non MITCHILRaja ocellata var. ocellata GARMAN 1874 

Raja ocellata var. diaphana GARMAN 1874 

Range; N. Nova Scotia & Grand Banks to Northern N. Carolina 

L. ERINACEA (Mitchill) 1825 Hedgehog Skate ;Tobacco-Box Skate; Little Skate 

Raja erinaceus MITCHILL 1825 t/l; New Jersey 

Range; Nova Scotia to S. side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence south to N. Carolina 

L. CIRCULARIS (Couch) 1838 Sandy 

Ray 

Raia circularis COUCH 1838 t/l; " British Waters " 

Sandy Ray COUCH 1838 

Raja falsavela BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy 

Raia spinosa YARRELL 1841 (non VALMONT 1768) t/l; Dublin Bay, Ireland. 

Raja sp. McCOY 1841 (Ireland) 

Range; Southern Norway, Northern North Sea, Scotland & Southern Ireland south to Western 

Mediterranean & Northern Morocco, 70 - 275 m. Occasionally on upper continental slope. 

L. NAEVUS (M. & H.) 1841 Cuckoo 

Ray 

? Raja cuculus LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen,France 

Raja naevus M. & H. 1841 t/l; European Coasts of Atl. & Med. 

Range; Northern North Sea, Kattegat, Faroes & Scotland to Western Med. south to Senegal in 20- 

250 m. Exceptionally to 900 m. (Rio de Oro). Rare off Norway Coast. 

L. LEUCOSTICTA (Stehmann) 1971 Whitedappled Skate 

Raja leucosticta STEHMANN 1971 t/l;off Guinea 

Range; Mauritania to Gabon 70 to 600 m. This species is very close to R.circularis 

L. WALLACEI (Hulley) 1970 Yellowspot Skate 

Raja wallacei HULLEY 1970 t/l; off Capetown, S. Africa 

Range; Southern Africa, from Luderitz, Namibia to Natal in 70-450 m. 

LEUCORAJA UNPLACED 

L. YUCATANENSIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1950 Yucatan Skate 

Breviraja yucatanensis BIG. & SCHR. 1950 t/l; off Yucatan 

Range; off Yucatan 

L. (Leucoraja) sp. O Last & Stevens 1993 Sawback Skate 

Ra; slope off W. Aus. betwen Ashmore Reef & Dampier 

FC 00 031039 

L. COMPAGNOI (Stehmann) 1995 Compagno's Skate 

Raja (Leucoraja) sp. STEHMANN South Africa 

Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi STEHMANN 1995 t/l; off South Africa 30 44 S., 15 18 E. in 550 m. 

Presently known only from the holotype, ZISP 48406. 

Similar to Raja (Rajella) caudaspinosa according to M. Stehmann 1995, which is currently listed 

here as a RAJELLA 

124

L. (Leucoraja) sp. STEHMANN 1995 

holotype UF-FSU 40332 t/l; Gabon, 02 31 S.,08 51 E., 300 m. 

Genus BREVIRAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 

Breviraja BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 type Breviraja colesi BIG. & SCHR. 1948 

B. COLESI Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Western Atlantic Shortnose Skate 

Lightnose Skate 

Breviraja colesi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 t/l; Cochines Bay, Matanzas Bay & Santa 

Clara, Cuba 

Breviraja nigriventralis McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 t/l;French Guiana, 07 14 N. 53 55 

W. in 732 m. 

Breviraja schroederi McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 (non KREFFT 1968) t/l; Caribbaean 

Coast of Honduras, 16 43 N., 82 44 W. 503 m. 

Breviraja mouldi McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1995 (nom.nov. for Breviraja schroederi 

McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 preoccupied by KREFFT 1968 ) 

Range; N. & S. Coasts of Cuba; Caribbaean coast of the Honduras to French Guiana 336-776 

m. 

B. SPINOSA Bigelow & Schroeder 1950 Spinose Shortnose Skate 

Breviraja spinosa BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l;off Jacksonville, Florida 30 58 N.,79 34 

W. 457-530 m. 

Ra; N.Carolina to Florida Keys. 32 43 N 76 57 W. to 24 13 N. 81 42 W. 366-761 m. 

holotype MCZ 36373 

B. CLARAMACULATA McEachran & Matheson 1985 Brightspot Skate 

Breviraja claramaculata McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 t/l; Florida, 29 58 N. 80 07 W. in 

348m. 

Ra; S. Carolina to Florida Keys 32 59 N. to 77 14 W. to 25 15 N. 80 81 W. 293-896 m. 

holotype UF 22284 

B. MARKLEI McEachran & Matheson 1987 Nova Scotia Shortnose Skate 

Breviraja marklei McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1987 t/l; Nova Scotia 

Ra; Nova Scotia 

Genus RAJELLA Stehmann 1972 

Rajella STEHMANN 1972 (as subgenus of Raja) , type Raja fyllae LUTKEN 1887 

R. FYLLAE (Lutken) 1887 Fylla's Ray; Round Skate 

Raja circularis GUNTH. 1887 (non COUCH 1838) 

Raja fyllae LUTKEN 1887 t/l; Davis Str. , W. Greenland 

Raja fyllae var. lipacantha JENSEN 1905 t/l; Skagerrak 

Range; E. Atl. : Arctic & cold bottom waters from Barents Sea & the Murman Coast to W. 

Spitzbergen & N. Norway south to the Skagerrak & English Channel( occasionally further south 

) 

W.Atl. : Davis Str. to Nova Scotia 170 to 2055 fms. 

R. BATHYPHILA (Holt & Byrne) 1908 Abyssal Skate 

Raja bathyphila HOLT & BYRNE 1908 t/l; S.W. Ireland 51 N. 12W., Between 673 & 843 

fthms. 

Raja bathyphilla GOLOVAN 1978 (lapsus) (part) 

Range; North Atlantic north of 45. 00 N. in 600 to over 2000 m. Mostly below 1000 m. 

Rio de Oro in 1000-1400 m. 

R. ANNANDALEI (Weber) 1913 Indonesian Round Skate 

125

Raja annandalei WEBER 1913 t/l; Between Kojara and Batjan, Halmahera Sea 

Range; Moluccas 

R. CAUDASPINOSA (Von Bonde & Swart) 1923 Munchkin Skate 

Raja caudaspinosa VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l ; "Natal, in 512 metres" considered erroneous 

by Hulley 1972. Not found off Natal 

Range; W. & SW. coast of S.Africa from S. Namibia to Cape Point. 290-915 m. 

R. LEOPARDA (Von Bonde & Swart) 1923 Leopard Skate 

Raja leopardus VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l;" Natal, in 512 metres" 

considered erroneous by Hulley 1972.Not found off Natal 

Raja sp. 3 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype ZISP 48434 

Range; S. Africa, W. & S. coast from N. Namibia to Algoa Bay in 130-1000 m. 

Mauritania to Guinea in 860-1920 m. 

R. BARNARDI (Norman) 1935 Bigthorn Skate 

Raja barnardi NORMAN 1935 t/l; Off Capetown, S. Africa. 

Raja confundens HULLEY 1970 t/l; Cape Columbine, S. Africa 

Raja dageti CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Guinea. 

Range; Off Cape Point, S. Africa to Namibia in 100-920 m. 

Northwest Africa in 600-1700 m. 

Gabon, West Africa in 100-600 m. 

R. DISSIMILIS (Hulley) 1970 Ghost Skate 

Raja dissimilis HULLEY 1970 t/l; Off Capetown , S. Africa (1000 m.) 

Raja sp. 4 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype RUSI 35878 

Range; West coast of S. Africa from Orange River mouth to Cape Point in 420-1016 m. 

Northwest Africa in 1200-1640 m. 

R. RAVIDULA (Hulley) 1970 Smoothback Skate 

Raja (Rajella) ravidula HULLEY 1970 t/l; 0ff Capetown, S. Africa 

Range; S. Namibia to Cape Poin in 496-1016 m.. 

Morocco in 1250 m. 

R. SADOWSKYI (Krefft & Stehmann) 1974 Brazilian Skate 

Raja sadowskii KREFFT 1974 t/l; Brazilian Basin 

Range;Brazilian Basin. 

R. BIGELOWI (Stehmann) 1978 Bigelow's Skate 

Raja bathyphilla GOLOVAN 1978 (lapsus) (part) 

Raja sp. 2 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype ZISP 48412 

Raja bigelowi STEHMANN 1978 t/l; N.W. Atlantic 

Raja (Rajella) sp. 1 STEHMANN 1991 t/l; Mauritania in 2000 m. 

Range; North Atlantic 650-2200 m. Off west coast of Africa, Rio de Oro to Guinea in 1000-2000 m. 

R. KUKUJEVI (Dolganev) 1985 Mid-Atlantic Skate 

Raja kukujevi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; N. E. Atlantic 

Range; N.E. Atlantic 

R. (Rajella) sp. 2 STEHMANN 1990 Blanched Skate 

Range; Eastern North Atlantic. 

126

R. (Rajella) sp. SERET &ISHHARA Longnose Deepwater Skate 

Range; Malagasy Ridge, SW Indian Ocean 

R. (Rajella) sp. SERET Madagascar Deepwater Skate 

Range; Madagascar 

R. (Rajella) sp. P LAST & STEVENS 1993 Challenger Skate 

Range; Southern Aus. from Sydney, NSW to Albany, W. Australia. 

FC 00 031040 

Subfamily AMBLYRAJINAE 

Genus AMBLYRAJA Malm 1877 

(Shorttail Skates) 

Amblyraja MALM 1877, type R.radiata DONOVAN 1807 

Raia ( Deltaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924 type R.radiata DON. 



A . RADIATA (Donovan) 1807 Starry Ray; Thorny 

Skate 

Raja fullonica FABRICIUS 1781 (non LINN. 1758 ) 

Raia radiata DONOVAN 1807 t/l; Gt. Britain 

Raia scabrata GARMAN 1913 t/l; Massachusetts Bay 

Raja doello-juradoi POZZI 1935 t/l; Argentina. 

Range; Boreal North Atlantic south to Ireland and North Sea in the east and South Carolina in the 

west, to 1000 m. .In the south Atlantic:- SW of Cape of Good Hope.(Upper slope) in 550-650 m. 

and Patagonia-Falklands Region to Northern Argentina. 

A. HYPERBOREA (Collett) 1878 Arctic or Boreal Skate; Bigmouth Skate 

Raja hyperborea COLLETT 1878 t/l;N.W. Spitzbergen 

Raja borea GARMAN 1899 t/l; Faroe Channel 

Raja badia GARMAN 1899 t/l; Gulf of Panama 

Raja reversa LLOYD 1906 t/l; Arabian Sea, off Baluchistan 

Raja frerichsi KREFFT 1968 t/l; Rio de la Plata, Argentina 

Raja robertsi HULLEY 1970 t/l; off Capetown , S.Africa (slope at 1350 m.) 

Raja taaf MEISSNER 1987 t/l; Crozet I., S.W. Indian Ocean 

R. (Amblyraja) sp. STEHMANN 1989 (Ashy Skate) 

Range; Spitzbergen & Novaya Zemlya south to Southern Norway & the Scotland-Iceland ridge in 

the east. South to Southern Greenland in the west. Off Cape of Good Hope, S. Africa; Rio de la 

Plata,Eastern South America; Off the west coast of North America (Br. Colombia to W. Coast of 

Mexico );Gulf of Panama; North Japan; Tasmania & Victoria, South Australia; NZ.;Arabian Sea off 

Baluchistan. Probably worldwide in deep cool waters. 

FC 00 031041 

127

A. GEORGIANA (Norman) 1938 Jensen's Starry 

Skate 

Raja granulata JENSEN 1914 (non GOODE & BEAN ) t/l;Southern New England 

Raja georgiana NORMAN 1938 t/l; South Georgia I. , Scotia Sea 

Raja jenseni BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 (nom. nov. for R. granulata JENSEN) 

Range; Nova Scotia to S.New England; South Georgia I.,Scotia Sea. 

Subfamily GURGESIELLINAE 

Genus GURGESIELLA De Buen 1959 

Subgenus GURGESIELLA De Buen 1959 

Gurgesiella DE BUEN 1959, type Gurgesiella furvescens DE BUEN 1959 

G. FURVESCENS De Buen 1959 Dusky Finless Skate 

Gurgesiella furvescens DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso , Chile 

Ra; off Valparaiso, Chile. 

G. ATLANTICA (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Atlantic Pygmy Skate 

Pseudoraja atlantica BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Caribbaean coast of Nicaragua 

Ra; Caribbaean coast of Nicaragua. 

G. DORSALIFERA McEachran 1980 Onefin Skate 

Gurgesiella dorsalifera McEACHRAN 1980 t/l; SW. Atlantic 

Ra; SW. Atlantic. 

Subgenus FENESTRAJA McEachran & Compagno 1982 

Neoraja (Fenestraja) McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982, type Raja plutonia GARMAN 1881, 

referred to Gurgesiella by McEachran 1984. 

G. PLUTONIA (Garman) 1881 Pluto Skate 

Raia plutonia GARMAN 1881 t/l; off S. Carolina & Georgia 

Raia albalinea VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l; off S. Afr. in 280-600 fms. 

Raja acanthiderma FWLR. 1947 t/l; off Florida 

Range; S. Carolina to Florida; S. Africa 

G. SIBOGAE (Weber) 1913 Siboga Pygmy Skate 

Raja sibogae WEBER 1913 t/l; Bali Sea, 289 m. 

Ra; off Bali, Indonesia. 

128

G. ATRIPINNA (Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1950 Blackfin Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja atripinna BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; off N. Central Cuba 

Ra;off N. central Cuba. 

G. CUBENSIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1950 Cuban Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja cubensis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; off N. Central Cuba 

Ra; off N. central Cuba. 

G. SINUSMEXICANUS (Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1950 Gulf of Mexico Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja sinusmexicanus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; off Pensacola,Florida. 

Ra; off the west coast of Florida. 

G. ISHIYAMAI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Plain Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja ishiyamai BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Caribbaean Coast of Nicaragua . 

Ra; off the Caribbaean coast of Nicaragua. 

G. MACEACHRANI Seret 1989 Madgascar Pygmy Skate 

Gurgesiella (Fenestraja) macechrani SERET 1989 t/l; Madagascar 

Ra;Madagascar. 

Genus MALACORAJA Stehmann 1970 

Raja (Malacoraja) STEHMANN 1970, type Raja mollis BIG. & SCHR. 1950 

(= R. spinacidermis) 

M. SENTA (Garman) 1885 Smooth Skate 

Raja senta GARMAN 1885 t/l; Provincetown, Massachusetts & Latlave Bank, Nova Scotia 

Ra; Nova Scotia to S. Carolina 

M. SPINACIDERMIS (Barnard) 1923 Roughskin Skate 

Raja spinacidermis BARNARD 1923 t/l; off Cape Pt., S. Afr. 

Raja mollis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; off Nova Scotia , 41 53 N., 65 35 W., in 858 

fms. 

Ra; off SW. Afr. 450-1570 m. (S. Namibia to Capetown) 

NW. Atl. slope above 40 N. 

NE. Atl. 62 45 N. 11 55 W. (one specimen) 

M. GARMANI (Whitley) 1939 Rosette Skate 

M. garmani garmani (WHITLEY) 1939 

Raja ornata GARMAN 1881 (non Raja (Actinobatis) ornata AGASSIZ 1838 ( FOSSIL ) t/l; 

Alligator Key ,Florida and S. Carolina 

Raja garmani WHITLEY 1939 (new name for R. ornata GARMAN 1881, Preocc. by 

AGASSIZ 1838) 

M. garmani lentiginosa (BIGELOW & SCHROEDER) 1951 

Raja lentiginosa BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951 t/l; Gulf of Mexico 

Raja garmani lentiginosa McEACHRAN `1977 

M. garmani caribbaea (McEACHRAN) 1977 

Raja garmani caribbaea McEACHRAN 1977 t/l; G. of Mexico 

M. garmani virginica (McEACHRAN) 1977 

Raja garmani virginica McEACHRAN 1977 t/l; N. Carolina 

Range; New England to S. Florida and Gulf of Mexico (shelf & slope) 

129

M. FULIGINEA (Bigelow & Schroeder 1954) Sooty Skate 

Raja fuliginea BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954 t/l; Gulf of Mexico 


M. NIGERRIMA (De Buen) 1959 Blackish Skate 

Breviraja nigerrima DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Chile 

Range; Chile. 

M. PURPURIVENTRALIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Purplebelly Skate 

Raja purpuriventralis BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; G. of Mexico 


M. KREFFTI Stehmann 1978 Krefft's Skate 

Raja (Malacoraja ) kreffti STEHMANN 1978 t/l; NE. Atl. 

Ra; NE. Atlantic. 

Genus NEORAJA McEachran & Compagno 1982 

Softnose Skates 

Neoraja McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982, type Breviraja caerulea STEHMANN 1976. 

N. MAMILLIDENS (Alcock) 1889 Prickly Skate 

Raja mamillidens ALCOCK 1889 t/l; Gulf of Manaar, 597 fms. 

Breviraja mamillidens STEHMANN 1976 

Known from type specimen only. 

N. STEHMANNI (Hulley) 1972 South African Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja stehmanni HULLEY 1972 t/l; Cape Basin, Atlantic Ocean 

Neoraja (Neoraja) stehmanni McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982 

Range; W. & S. coasts of S.Africa , from mouth of Orange River to Agulhas Bank. 292-1025 m. 

N. CAERULEA (Stehmann) 1976 Blue Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja caerulea STEHMANN 1976 t/l; Rockall Basin, West of British Isles 

Range; Rockall Basin. 

N. AFRICANA (Stehmann & Seret) 1983 West African Pygmy Skate 

Breviraja stehmanni GOLOVAN 1978 (non HULLEY 1972) 

Breviraja sp. 1 STEHMANN 1979 

Breviraja africana STEHMANN & SERET 1983 t/l;Gabon, West Africa 

Range; Rio de Oro to Gabon, West Africa. 900-1640 m. 

N. CAROLINENSIS McEachran & Stehmann 1984 Carolina Pygmy Skate 

Neoraja carolinensis McEACHRAN & STEHMANN 1984 t/l; off Carolina, USA 

Ra; off Carolina. 

Family SYMPTERYGIIDAE 

Subfamily SYMPTERYGINAE 

Tribe SYMPTERYGINI 

Genus SYMPTERYGIA M. & H. 1841 

Sympterygia M & H 1841, type S. bonapartei M & H 1841(no loc.) 

S. LIMA ( Poeppig ) 1835 Filetail Fanskate 

130

Raja lima POEPPIG 1835 t/l; Peru 

Raja anacanthostyla PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile 

Raja chilensis STEINDACHNER 1898 n. sp. (non GUICHENOT 1848 ) t/l;Chile 

Raja steindachneri DELFIN 1901 t/l; Iquique, Chile. ( Fowler. 1910 designates this the nom. nov. 

for chilensis STEINDACHNER 1898 preoccupied.) 

Raja buergeri DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile 

Range; off Peru and Chile. 

S. BONAPARTEI M & H 1841 Smallnose Fanskate 

Symptergia bonaparti M & H 1841 ( no loc. ) 

Raja microps GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Argentina 

Raja marplatensis MARINI 1935 t/l; Argentina 

Range; Uruguay; N. Argentina 

S. ACUTA Garman 1877 Bignose Fanskate 

Sympterygia acuta GARMAN 1877 t/l; Buenos Aires, Argentina 

Raja echinorhyncha RIBEIRO 1923 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

Range; N. Argentina to SE. Brazil 

S. BREVICAUDATA ( Cope ) 1877 Shorttail Fanskate 

Psammobatis brevicaudatus COPE 1877 t/l; Pacasmayo Bay, Peru 

Psammobatis asper HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru 

Psammobatis caudispina HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru 

Psammobatis maculatus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru 

Psammobatis chilcae HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru 

Range; Peru & Ecuador. 

Genus PSAMMOBATIS Gunther 1870 

Psammobatis GUNTHER 1870 type Psammobatis rudis GUNTHER 1870 

Malacorhina GARMAN 1877 type Raja (Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877 

P. SCOBINA (Philippi) 1857 Raspthorn Sandskate 

Raja scobina PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Chile. 

? Raja (Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877 t/l; Mejillones, Peru 

Psammobatis philippi DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile 

Range; SE Pacific off Chile 29 57 to 52 53 S. to the Patagonia-Falklands region. Peru if Raja 

(Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877 is really a synonym. Nominally from Ecuador. Probably all 

the way round Southern South America from La Plata to Ecuador. 

P. RUDIS Gunther 1870 Smallthorn 

Sandskate 

Psammobatis rudis GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Punta Arenas, Southern Coast of S. America 

Range;Off Argentina 41 00 S. ( Golfo San Matias region) to 52 45 S. 80-127 m., Southern S. 

America and Falklands. 

P. RUTRUM Jordan 1890 Spade 

Sandskate 

Psammobatis rutrum JORDAN 1890 t/l; Cape San Mateos 42 24 S., 61 38 W., in 43 fms. 

Malacorhina cirrifer REGAN 1914 t/l; Cape Frio,Brazil 22 56 S 41 43 W 

Range; SW Atlantic off S.Brazil, Uruguay and N.Argentina 

P. EXTENTA (Garman) 1913 Zipper 

Sandskate 

Raia extenta GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

? Psammobatis sp. FIGUEIREDO 1977 t/l; SE Brazil 

Psammobatis glansdissimilis McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; SW Atl., off Uruguay 35 08 S. 54 29 W. 40 

131

m. 

Range; SW Atlantic off S.Brazil, Uruguay and N.Argentina 22 56 S to 42 00 S. 37-160 m. 

P. BERGI Marini 1932 Blotched 

Sandskate 

Psammobatis bergi MARINI 1932 t/l; Argentina 

Range; Uruguay and N. Argentina 23 43 S. to 38 25 S. 31-81 m. 

P. LENTIGINOSA McEachran 1983 Freckled 

Sandskate 

Psammobatis lentiginosus McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; off Uruguay 

Range; SW. Atlantic, off Uruguay, S.Brazil and N.Argentina 32 00 S. to 45 00 S. in 84- 160 m. 

P. NORMANI McEachran 1983 Shortfin 

Sandskate 

Psammobatis normani McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; Northeast of Falkland Is. 51 01 S., 58 54 W. 120m. 

Range; SW Atlantic off Argentina 40 22 S. to 51 10 S. including Falkland Is. 70-145m. 

P. PARVACAUDA McEachran 1983 Smalltail Sandskate 

Psammobatis parvacauda McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; Northeast of Falkland Is. 51 15 S., 57 16 W. 

121m. 

Range; Northeast of Falkland Is. (type locality only) 

Genus IROLITA Whitley 1931 

Irolita WHITLEY 1931 type Raja waitii McCULLOCH 1911 

I. WAITEI (McCulloch) 1911 Southern Round 

Skate 

Raja waitii McCULLOCH 1911 t/l; NW. of Greenly I., S. Aus. 44 fms. 

Range; S. Australia 

FC 00 131001 

Irolita Sp. A Western Round 

Skate 

Irolita sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 

Ra; Shark Bay to Port Hedland, W. Australia 

FC 00 031017 

Tribe ARHYNCHOBATINI 

Genus ARHYNCHOBATIS Waite 1909 

Arhynchobatis WAITE 1909 type Arhynchobatis asperrimus WAITE 1909 

A. ASPERRIMUS Waite 1909 Longtailed 

Skate 

Arhynchobatis asperrimus WAITE 1909 t/l; Bay of Plenty , N.Z. 

? Raja arcata BANKS 

Range; New Zealand. 

Tribe PSEUDORAJINI 

Genus PSEUDORAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1954 

Pseudoraja BIG. & SCHR. 1954 , type Pseudoraja fischeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954 

132

P. FISCHERI Bigelow & Schroeder 1954 Fanfin Skate 

Pseudoraja fischeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954 t/l; Gulf of Mexico 


Tribe BATHYRAJINI 

Genus BATHYRAJA Ishyama 1958 

Raia (Zetaraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja brachyura GUNTH. 1880 

(non LAFONT 1871) = R. brachyurops FWLR. 1910 

Raia (Theteraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924 type Raja eatoni GUNTH. 1876 



Breviraja (Bathyraja ) ISHIYAMA 1958 , type Raja isotrachys GUNTH. 1877 (as subgenus) 

Breviraja (Arctoraja ) ISHIYAMA 1958 type Raja smirnovi SOLDATEV & PAVLENKO 1915 

Bathyraja ISHIYAMA & HUBBS 1968, type Raja.isotrachys GUNTH. 1877 

NOT Bathyraja (Arctoraja ) as defined by ISHIYAMA & HUBBS 1968 as this included groups 

possessing a pseudosyphon but having the stiff rostrum of the Rajids (radiata and hyerborea) 

Stehmann has described 3 morphotypes in this genus without inferring any taxonomic 

implication.The following listing by this author (B.Mould) is an uncritical nomenchronology only. 

B. SMITHII ( M. & H. ) 1841 African Softnose Skate 

Raja smithii M & H 1841 t/l; S. Africa 

Range; West & south coast of S.Africa, from Central Namibia to Agulhas Bank, South Africa. 650- 

1000 m. 

B. EATONI (Gunther ) 1876 Eaton's Skate 

Raja eatoni GUNTHER 1876 t/l; Royal Sound, Kerguelen. Holotype: BMNH 1876.3.23.21 

Raia eatonii GARMAN 1913 

Thetaraia eatonii LEIGH-SHARPE 1924 

Range; Kerguelen & S. Shetland Is. 

B. ISOTRACHYS (Gunther ) 1877 Raspback Skate 

Raja isotrachys GUNTHER 1877 t/l ; S. Coast of Japan ( 365 fms. ) 

Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) isotrachys ISHIYAMA 1958 

Range; Sea of Okhotsk to S. Japan 

B. PARMIFERA (Bean) 1881 Alaska Skate 

Raia parmifera BEAN 1881 t/l; Iliuliuk,Unalaska 

Range; Alaskan Seas. 

B. TRACHURA (Gilbert) 1892 Roughtail Skate 

Raia trachura GILB. 1892 t/l; Gulf of California ( 822 fms. ) 

Bathyraja trachura STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984 

Range; Lower California to Alaska 

B. ABYSSICOLA (Gilbert) 1895 Deepsea Skate 

Raja abyssicola GILB. 1895 t/l; W. of Moresby Island , Br. Colombia( 1588 fms.) Single 

specimen 

Range; Deep waters off Br. Columbia 

B. ALEUTICA (Gilbert) 1896 Aleutian Skate 

Raja aleutica GILB. 1896 t/l; Sannak Pass, Aleutian Is. 

Breviraja (Bathyraja) aleutica ISHIYAMA 1967 

Range; Aleutians; Kamchatka; Alaska ;Hokkaido 

B. KINCAIDII (Garman) 1908 Sandpaper Skate 

Raja kincaidii GARMAN 1908 t/l; Br.. Columbia 

133

Rhinoraja kincaidii DOLGANEV 1987 

Ra; Br. Colombia to SE Alaska 

B. BRACHYUROPS (Fowler) 1910 Broadnose Skate 

Raja brachyura GUNTHER 1880 ( non LAFONT 1871 ) t/l; Str. of Magellan 

Raja brachyurops FWLR. 1910 ( n.n. for above ) 

Zetaraia brachyurops LEIGH-SHARPE 1924 

Raia gallardoi MARINI 1933 t/l; Argentina 

Range; Patagonia- Falklands Region & N. Arg. 

B. AGUJA (Kendall & Radcliffe) 1912 Aguja Skate 

Raja aguja KENDALL & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Aguja Point, Peru 

Range;off Aguja Pt., Peru. 

B. SPINICAUDA (Jensen) 1914 Spinetail Skate 

Raja spinicauda JENSEN 1914 t/l; Davis Str. SW Greenland 

Breviraja spinicauda BIG. & SCHR. 1965 

Bathyraja spinicauda STEHMANN 1970 

Range; subarctic N. Atlantic; Barents Sea ; SE Iceland;Davis Str.; south to Newfoundland & 

Northern North Sea. 

B. SMIRNOVI (Soldatev & Pavlenko) 1915 Golden Skate 

Raja binoculata SCHMIDT 1904 ( non GIRARD 1854 ) 

Raja smirnovi SOLDATEV & PAVLENKO 1915 t/l; Peter the Great Bay, E. Siberia, Okhotsk 

Sea 

Breviraja ( Arctoraja ) smirnovi ISHIYAMA 1958 

Breviraja ( Arctoraja ) smirnovi ankasube ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Wasaka Bay, Japan. 

Ra; Okhotsk & Bering Sea to Sakhalin & Northern Sea of Japan 

B. MICROTRACHYS (Osburn & Nicholls ) 1916 Finespined Skate 

Raia microtrachys OSBURN & NICHOLLS 1916 tl; Lower California 

Range; Lower California. 

B. VIOLACEA (Suvarov) 1935 Okhotsk Skate 

Raja violacea SUVAROV 1935 t/l; Okhotsk Sea, W. Kamchatka 

Breviraja abisiriensis ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Abisiri, Okhotsk Sea 

Breviraja (Bathyraja ) violacea ISHIYAMA 1958 

Range; Okhotsk Sea 

B. GRISEOCAUDA ( Norman ) 1937 Graytail Skate 

Raja griseocauda NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia -Falklands Region 

Range; Patagonia and the Falklands 

B. SCAPHIOPS (Norman) 1937 Cuphead Skate 

Raja scaphiops NORMAN 1937 t/l; N. of Falklands Is. 

Range; North of the Falklands 

B. SPINOSISSIMA (Beebe & Tee-Van ) 1941 Pacific White Skate 

Psammobatis spinosissimus B. & TV 1941 t/l; Cocos I.,E. Pacific 

Range; Cocos I., E.P acific. 

B. DIPLOTAENIA (Ishiyama) 1950 Duskypink Skate 

Breviraja diplotaenia ISHIYAMA 1950 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido 

Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) diplotaenia ISHIYAMA 1958 

Range; N.Japan 

B. MATSUBARAI (Ishiyama 1952 Darkbelly Skate 

Breviraja matsubarai ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido 

134

Range; Deep Sea off Hokkaido 

B. TRACHOUROS (Ishiyama) 1958 Eremo Skate 

Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) trachouros ISHIYAMA 1958 (non Raia trachura Gilbert 1892) 

t/l; Pacific coast of Hokkaido 

Range;Pacific coast of Hokkaido 

B. LONGICAUDA (De Buen) 1959 Slimtail Skate 

Breviraja longicauda De BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile 

Range;Chile. 

B. RICHARDSONI (Garrick) 1961 Richardson’s Skate 

Raja richardsoni GARRICK 1961 t/l; Cook Str., south of Cape Palliser, N.Z. 

Bathyraja richardsoni STEHMANN 1970 

Range ; N.Z.; NW Bay of Biscay(slope). 

B. PALLIDA (Forster) 1967 Pallid Skate 

Breviraja pallida FORSTER 1967 t/l; NW Bay of Biscay ( slope ) 

Bathyraja pallida STEHMANN 1970 

Range;Bay of Biscay. 

B. SIMOTERUS (Ishiyama) 1967 Hokkaido Skate 

Raja parmifera ISHIYAMA 1950 ( non BEAN 1881 ) 

Breviraja (Arctoraja ) simoterus ISHIYAMA 1967 t/l; Muroran, Japan 

Ra; Hokkaido,Japan. 

B. SCHROEDERI (Krefft) 1968 Whitemouth Skate 

Breviraja schroederi KREFFT 1968 t/l; Rio de la Plata , Argentina 

This name precludes the use by McEachran & Matheson 1985 

Range;Rio de la Plata. 

B. MACCAINI Springer Skate1971 McCain’s Skate 

Bathyraja maccaini SPRINGER 1971 t/l; Low I., off Antarctic Peninsula 

Range; Off Antarctic Pen. & S. Shetland Is. 

B. CAERULONIGRICANS Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Purpleblack Skate 

Bathyraja caerulonigricans Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; North Pacific 

Ra;N. Pacific. 

B. LINDBERGI Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Commander Skate 

Bathyraja lindbergi Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; Sea of Okhotsk, N. of Japan 

Ra;Sea of Okhotsk. 

B. MACULATA Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Whiteblotched Skate 

Bathyraja maculata Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. P ac. 


B. MINISPINOSA Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Smallthorn Skate 

Bathyraja minispinosa Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. Pac. 


B. NOTOROENSIS Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Notoro Skate 

Bathyraja notoroensis Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. Pac. 

Ra; N. Pacific. 

B. IRRASA Hureau & Ozouf-Costaz 1980 Kerguelen Sandpaper Skate 

Bathyraja irrasa HUREAU & OZOUF-COSTAZ 1980 t/l;Kerguelen I. S. Indian Ocean 

135

Ra; Kerguelen I.,South Indian Ocean. 

B. PERUANA McEachran & Miyake 1984 Peruvian Skate 

Bathyraja peruana McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1984 t/l; Peru 

Ra;Peru 

B. cf. RICHARDSONI McEachran 1984 Pseudo-Richardson's Skate 

Bathyraja cf. richardsoni McEACHRAN 1984 t/l; NW Atl. 

Ra; NW Atlantic. off Labrador & Newfoundland 

B. ANDRIASHEVI Dolganev 1985 Little-eyed Skate 

Bathyraja andriashevi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific 

Ra; Western Pacific. 

B. BERGI Dolganev 1985 Bottom Skate 

Bathyraja bergi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific 

Bathyraja pseudoisotrachys ISHIHARA & ISHIYAMA 1985 t/l; Japan 

Ra;Japan. 

B. FEDEROVI Dolganev 1985 Cinnamon Skate 

Bathyraja federovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific 

Ra;Western Pacific. 

B. TZINOVSKII Dolganev 1985 Creamback Skate 

Bathyraja tzinovskii DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific 

Ra;Western Pacific. 

B. SHUNTOVI Dolganev 1985 Narrownose Skate 

Bathyraja shuntovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; SW Pacific 

Ra;SW. Pacific. 

B. PAPILIONIFERA Stehmann 1985 Butterfly Skate 

Bathyraja papilionifera STEHMANN 1985 t/l; Argentina 

Ra;Argentina. 

Bathyraja sp. 2 STEHMANN 1985 Antarctic. 

B. MERIDIONALIS Stehmann 1987 Darkbelly Skate 

Bathyraja sp. 1 STEHMANN 1985;1986 

Bathyraja meridionalis STEHMANN 1987 t/l; South Georgia I. 

Ra;South Georgia I. 

Bathyraja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Abyssal Skate 

Known only from the Naturaliste Plateau, off W. Aus. in 2300 m. 

FC 00 031016 

B. HESPERAFRICANA Stehmann 1995 Hesperafrican Skate 

Bathyraja sp. GOLOVAN 1978:202 

Bathyraja sp. STEHMANN 1991:29 

Bathyraja hesperafricana STEHMANN 1995 t/l;continental slope off Senegal 15 02.5 N. 17 30W.; 

807 m. Holotype ISH 26-1980 

Range; Mauritania to Gabon 750-2000 m. 

136

Genus RHINORAJA Ishiyama 1952 

Raia (Etaraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja murrayi GUNTH. 1880 



Rhinoraja ISHIYAMA 1952 type Raja kujiensis TANAKA 1916 

R. MURRAYI (Gunther ) 1880 Murray's 

Skate 

Raja murrayi GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Kerguelen ( known from type specimen only ) 

Etaraia murrayi LEIGH-SHARPE 1924 

Range; Kerguelen 

R INTERRUPTA (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Bering 

Skate 

Raia interrupta GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea 

Rhinoraja interrupta DOLGANEV 1983 

Bathyraja interrupta STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984 

Bathyraja interrupta ISHIYAMA & ISHIHARA 1985 

Range; British Colombia to Alaska 

R. OBTUSA (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Blunt 

Skate 

Raia obtusa GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea 


R. ROSISPINIS (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Flathead 

Skate 

Raia rosispinis GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea 


R. MAGELLANICA (Philippi) 1901 Magellan 

Skate 

Raia magellanica PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Str. of Magellan 

Raja magellanica STEIND. 1903 t/l;Punta Arenas (originally thought to be separate from 

magellanica PHILIPPI 1901) 

Bathyraja magellanica STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984 

Range; Str. of Magellan; Patagonia- Falklands Region 

R. KUJIENSIS (Tanaka) 1916 Dapple-bellied Softnose 

Skate 

Raja kujiensis TANAKA 1916 t/l; Kuji, in Hitachi, Ibaranga Prefecture,NE of Tokyo 

Raja tobae TAN.. 1927( non TAN.1916 ) t/l; Rikuzen, Japan 

Raja karagea TAN. 1927( nom.nov.for tobae TAN. 1927 ) 

Range; Deep waters off Japan. 

R. ALBOMACULATA (Norman) 1937 White-dotted 

Skate 

Raja albomaculata NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia -Falklands Region 

Range; Patagonia and the Falklands. 

R. MACLOVIANA (Norman) 1937 Patagonian 

Skate 

Raja macloviana NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia - Falklands Region 

Range;Patagonia and the Falklands. 

R MULTISPINIS (Norman) 1937 Multispine 

Skate 

Raja multispinis NORMAN 1937 t/l; NW of Falklands 

137

Bathyraja multispinosa McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1990 (emendation?) 

Range;NW. of the Falklands 

R. LONGICAUDA Ishiyama 1952 Whitebellied Softnose 

Skate 

Rhinoraja longicauda ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido, Japan 

Ra;Off N.Japan and the neighbouring Russian coast 

R ODAI Ishiyama 1958 Oda's 

Skate 

Rhinoraja odai ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; off Izu Pen.,Japan 

Ra; Deep water off Mid Honshu 

R. TARANETZI Dolganev 1985 

Mudskate 

Rhinoraja taranetzi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Bering Sea 

Bathyraja hubbsi ISHIHARA & ISHIYAMA 1985 t/l; Bering Sea 

Ra; Bering Sea 

R. LONGI Raschi & McEachran 1991 Aleutian Dotted 

Skate 

Rhinoraja longi RASCHI & McEACHRAN 1991 t/l; Aleutian Is. 

Subfamily RIORAJINAE 

Genus RIORAJA Whitley 1939 

Subgenus RIORAJA Whitley 1939 

Uraptera M. & H. 1837 type Uraptera agassizii M. & H. 1837 

(Preocc. by Uraptera BILLBERG 1820 in Lepidoptera ) 

Rioraja WHITLEY 1939 type U. agassizii M & H (new name for Uraptera M & H ) 

R. AGASSIZII ( M & H ) 1841 Rio 

Skate 

Uraptera agassizii M & H 1841 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

Raja agassizii var. picta RIBEIRO 1903 (non LAC. 1802) t/l; Brazil 

Raja castelnaui RIBIERO 1907 ( non RIBIERO 1904 ) 

Raja agassizii ribeiroi FWLR. 1910 (n.n. for R. agassizii var. picta RIBIERO) 

Range; off E. Coast of Brazil 

Subgenus ATLANTORAJA Menni 1972 

Raia (Epsilonraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja platana GUNTHER 1880 (Pseudogenus) 

Not valid as a subgeneric name. 


They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes (Jordan 1925) 

Raja (Atlantoraja) MENNI 1972, type Raja cyclophora RGN. 1903 

R. PLATANA (Gunther 1880 La Plata Skate 

Raja platana GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Rio de la Plata 

Ra; Rio de la Plata. 

R. CYCLOPHORA ( Regan ) 1903 Eyespot Skate 

Raja cyclophora REGAN 1903 t/l; Rio de Janeiro 

Raja agassizii var. meta RIBEIRO 1903 t/l; Brazil 

Ra;off the east coast of Brazil. 

138

R. CASTELNAUI ( Ribeiro ) 1904 Spotback Skate 

Raja castelnaui RIBEIRO 1904 t/l; Rio de Janeiro 

Ra;off the east coast of Brazil. 

Rioraja (Atlantoraja) sp. COMPAGNO 

Subfamily PAVORAJINAE 

Genus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939 

Pavoraja WHITLEY 1931, type Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880 

Removed from the synonymy of Raja by McEachran & Fechhelm 1982; Pavoraja (Pavoraja) 

new subgenus and made type genus of new tribe Pavorajini. 

Subgenus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939 

Pavoraja WHITLEY 1931, type Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880 

P. NITIDA (Gunther) 1880 Peacock Skate 

Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Twofold Bay, NSW., Aus. 120 fms. 

Raja (Pavoraja) nitida WHITLEY 1939 

Range; NSW & Victoria, Aus 

FC 00 031009 

P. ALLENI McEachran & Fechhelm 1982 Allen's Skate 

Pavoraja alleni McEACHRAN & FECHHELM 1982 t/l; W. Aus. 

Range;Western Australia 

FC 00 031027 

Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Sandy Peacock Skate 

FC 00 031023 

Ra; Gt. Australian Bight between Eucla & Fowler's Bay. 

Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 False Peacock Skate 

FC 00 031025 

Ra; slope off Queensland, 210-500 m. 

Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Dusky Skate 

FC 00 031026 

Ra; Slope off E. Australia, Coff's Harbour ( NSW) to Moreton I., Queensland 

Subgenus "A" McEACHRAN 1984 

P. SPINIFERA (Garrick & Paul) 1974 Spiny Deepsea Skate 

Bathyraja spinifera GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Chatham Rise,N Z zone 

Ra; New Zealand Zone 

P. ASPERULA (Garrick & Paul) 1974 Prickly Deepsea Skate 

Bathyraja asperula GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Mayor I., N Z 

Ra; New Zealand 

139

Subgenus INSENTIRAJA Yearsley & Last 1992 

Pavoraja (Insentiraja) YEARSLEY & LAST 1992, type Pavoraja (Insentiraja) laxipella 

YEARSLEY & LAST 1992 

P. LAXIPELLA Yearsley & Last 1992 Eastern Looseskin Skate 

Pavoraja (Insentiraja) laxipella YEARSLEY & LAST 1992 t/l; N.E. of Diamond Islets, 

Queensland 16 55 S., 151 34 E. in 880 m. 

Holotype ; CSIRO H. 609.02 

Pavoraja sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

FC 00 031021 

Range; slope off Cairns, Queensland 

Pavoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Western Looseskin Skate 

Pavoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 t/l; slope off Lancelin & Ashmore Reef 610-1200 m. 

FC 00 031022 

Genus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939 

Unnamed Australian Species Not Subgenerically Assigned. 

Pavoraja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Mosaic Skate 

FC 00 031024 

Ra; Slope off Queensland, between Ingham & Mackay 300-400 m. 

Pavoraja sp. SERET New Caledonia. Sp. dub. 

Genus NOTORAJA Ishiyama 1958 

Breviraja (Notoraja ISHIYAMA 1958 ,type Raja tobitukai HIYAMA 1940 

Raised to generic rank by Stehmann 1989. 

N. TOBITUKAI (Hiyama) 1940 Leadhued Skate 

Raja isotrachys MATSUBARA 1936 (non GUNTHER ) 

Raja tobitukai HIYAMA 1940 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan 

Breviraja (Notoraja) tobitukai ISHIYAMA 1967 

Ra; Deep sea Pacific Coasts of Japan. 

N. SUBTILISPINOSA Stehmann 1989 Velvet Skate 

Notoraja subtilispinosa STEHMANN 1989 t/l; Philippines 

Range; Philippines 

N. OCHRODERMA McEachran & Last 1994 Pale Skate 

Notoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 t/l; Off Cairns, Queensland. 

Notoraja ochroderma McEACHRAN & LAST 1994 t/l; Off Cairns, Queensland. 

Range; Queensland. 

00 031019 

Notoraja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Blue Skate 

00 031018 

Range; temperate Aus. from SW Western Aus. to Solitary I., NSW. 

There are 3 regional forms perhaps representing different spp. 

Notoraja sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Ghost Skate 

00 031015 

cont. slope from Shark Bay to Monte Bello Is., W. Aus. 

140

Notoraja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Blotched Skate 

00 031020 

slope off Eucla, W. Aus. 

Notoraja sp. SERET Madagascar Softnose Skate 

Family ANACANTHOBATIDAE 

(Legskates) 

Genus ANACANTHOBATIS Von Bonde & Swart 1923 

Subgenus ANACANTHOBATIS Von Bonde & Swart 1923 

Leiobatus Von BONDE & SWART 1922 (non KLEIN 1775 [inadm.]; non RAFINESQUE 1810; 

non BLAINV. 1816; non BLKR. 1854 ), type Leiobatus marmoratus VB. & S. 1922 

Anacanthobatis Von BONDE & SWART 1923 (new name for above, preocc.) 

A. MARMORATUS (VB. & S.) 1922 Spotted Legskate 

Leiobatis marmoratus VB. & S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr. 

Leiobatis dubius VB..& S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr. 

Anacanthobatis marmoratus VB. & S. 1923 

Anacanthobatis dubius VB. & S. 1923 

Springeria dubia BIG. & SCHR. 1951 

Range; E.Coast of S. Afr., Durban to S. Moz., upper slope 

A. LONGIROSTRIS Big & Schr. 1962 Longnose Legskate 

Anacanthobatis longirostris BIG & SCHR 1962 t/l; G. of Mexico 

Range; G. of Mexico 

Subgenus SPRINGERIA Bigelow & Schroeder 1951 

Springeria BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951, type Springeria folirostris B. & S. 1951 

A. FOLIROSTRIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1951 Leafnose Legskate 

Springeria folirostris BIG.. & SCHR. 1951 t/l; Mouth of the Missippi, G. of Mexico 

Range; off mouth of the Mississippi 

A. ORI (Wallace) 1968 Black Legskate 

Springeria ori WALLACE 1968 t/l; Bazaruto I., Mozambique Channel 

Range; off central Mozambique & Madagascar 1000- 1275m. 

Subgenus SCHROEDEROBATIS Hulley 1973 

Anacanthobatis (Schroederobatis) HULLEY 1973, type Anacanthonbatis americanus BIG. & 

SCHR. 1962 

A. AMERICANUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1962 American Legskate 

Anacanthobatis americanus BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; Caribbaean between Grenada & 

Venezuela. 

Range; Southern Caribbaean 

Subgenus SINOBATIS Hulley 1973 

Anacanthobatis (Sinobatis ) HULLEY 1973, type Anacanthobatis borneensis CHAN 1965 

A. BORNEENSIS Chan 1965 Borneo Legskate 

Anacanthobatis borneensis CHAN 1965 t/l; Borneo 

Range; Borneo 

141

A. MELANOSOMA (Chan) 1965 Blackbodied Legskate 

Springeria melanosoma CHAN 1965 t/l ; S. China Sea 


A. NANHAIENSIS (Meng & Li ) 1981 South China Legskate 

Springeria nanhaiensis MENG & LI 1981 t/l; S. China Sea 


A. STENOSOMA ( Chu, Meng & Li ) 1982 Narrow Legskate 

Springeria stenosoma CHU,MENG & HU 1982 t/l; S. China Sea 


A. DONGHAIENSIS (Deng, Xiong &Zhan) 1983 East China Legskate 

Springeria donghaiensis DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1983 t/l;East China Sea 

Range;off Eastern China 

UN NAMED AUSTRALIAN SPP. 

Anacanthobatis sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Western Legskate 

Range; W. Aus., Geraldton to Ashmore reef 420- 1120 m.,Aus. 

FC 00 033001 

Anacanthobatis sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Legskate 

Range; slope off Queensland, Cairns to Swain Reefs 680-880 m.,Aus. 

FC 00 033002 

Anacanthobatis sp. A third undescribed species has recently been caught off W.Australia. 

Anacanthobatis sp. SERET Indonesia. ? Syn. of sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Genus CRURIRAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 

Cruriraja BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948, type Cruriraja atlantis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 

1948 

C. ANDAMANICA (Lloyd ) Andaman Legskate 

Raia andamanica LLOYD 1909 t/l; Andaman Sea, 279 fms. (type specimen only) 

Ra; Andaman Sea. 

C. PARCOMACULATA (Von Bonde & Swart ) 1922 Roughnose Legskate 

Raia parcomaculata VB. & S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr. 

Ra; Luderitz, S. Namibia to S. Mozambique 150-620 m. 

C. DURBANENSIS (Von Bonde & Swart) 1922 Smoothnose Legskate 

Raia durbanensis VB. & S. 1922 t/l; SW Coast of S. Afr.(West coast of Pt. Nulloth in 470 

fms.) NOT off Durban, E. coast of S. Afr. as name would suggest. 

Ra; off S.W. of Cape of Good Hope. 859 m. Holotype only. 

C. ATLANTIS Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Atlantic Legskate 

Cruriraja atlantis BIG. & SCHR. 1948 t/l; N. Central Cuba 

Ra; off North coast of central Cuba. 

C. POEYI Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Cuban Legskate 

Cruriraja poeyi BIG. & SCHR. 1948 t/l; N. coast of Cuba & off St. Augustine, Florida 

Ra; North coast of Cuba to St. Augustine. Florida. 

C. RUGOSA Bigelow & Schroeder 1958 Rough Legskate 

Cruriraja rugosa BIG. & SCHR. 1958 t/l; Gulf of Mexico 

142

Ra; Gulf of Mexico. 

C. CADENATI Bigelow & Schroeder 1962 Broadfoot Legskate 

Cruiraja cadenati BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; off Florida 

Ra; Florida. 

C. TRIANGULARIS J.L.B. Smith 1964 Triangular Legskskate 

Cruriraja triangularis J.L.B. Smith 1964 t/l; off Durban, S.Afr. 

Ra; E. coast of S. Afr, from Durban to S. Mozambique 

RAJIFORMES INCERTAE SEDIS 

Australian Species of Uncertain Taxa 

"Subgenus" SPINIRAJA Whitley 1939 

Raja ( Spiniraja ) WHITLEY 1939, type Raja ( Spiniraja ) ogilbyi WHITLEY 1939 = Raja whitleyi 

IREDALE 1938 

R. WHITLEYI Iredale 1938 Melbourne 

Skate 

Raja oxyrhynchus CASTELNAU 1872 (non oxyrinchus LINN. ) t/l; Victoria, Aus. 

Raya rostrata CASTELNAU 1873 ( non SHAW & NODDER 1795, LAC. 1802, RISSO 1810 ) 

t/l; Melbourne, Australia. 

Raia scabra OGILBY 1888 (non LINN. ) t/l; NSW., Aus. 

Raja whitleyi IREDALE 1938 ( n.n. for R. rostrata CASTELNAU ) t/l; Melbourne, S. Aus. 

Raja (Spiniraja) ogilbyi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; NSW., Aus. 

Range ; NSW to Melbourne, S. Aus. 

FC 00 031006 

" Subgenus " DENTIRAJA Whitley 1940 

Raja (Dentiraja) WHITLEY 1940, type Raja (Dentiraja) dentata WHITLEY 1940 = Raja 

lemprieri RICHARDSON 

R. LEMPRIERI Richardson 1846 Australian Thornback Skate 

Raja lemprieri RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Port Arthur, Tasmania 

Raja acutidens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus. 

Raja parvidens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus. 

Raja molaridens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus. 

Raja dentata KLUNZINGER 1872 t/l; Pt. Phillip, Tasmania 

Raja lamprieri MACLEAY 1883 t/l; Pt. Phillip, Tasmania ( mis-spelling ) 

Range; S. Aus. to Tasmania. 

FC 00 031007 

(subgenus Okamejei?) 

"Subgenus" ARGORAJA Whitley 1940 

Raja (Argoraja) WHITLEY 1940, type Raja (Argoraja) polyommata WHITLEY 1940 

R. POLYOMMATA Ogilby 1910 Argus Skate 

Raja polyommata OGILBY 1910 t/l; Cape Moreton to North Reef, Queensland,Aus. 

Range; Queensland, Aus. 

FC 00 031042 

143

Unassigned to Subgenus in Genus RAJA 

Raja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031030 False Argus Skate or Eye Skate 

Ra; off W. Aus. between Dampier & Pt. Hedland. 

Raja. sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031031 Ocellate 

Skate 

Ra; off W. Aus. between Shark Bay & Bunbury in 200-250m. 

Raja sp. M Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031038 Pygmy Thornback 

Skate 

Ra; Continental shelf off S. Aus. from Albany, W. Aus. to Victor Harbour, S. Aus. (subg. 

Okamejei?) 

Nom. dub. & inc. sed. 

Raja nigra LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen (sp. dub.) 

Raja apteronota LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen (sp. dub.) 

Cephaleutherus RAF. 1810 Type C. maculatus RAF. 1810 (Sicily) Name based on imperfectly 

formed specimen not currently assigned to species 

Raja brasiliensis M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil (sp. dub) 

Hieroptera FLEMING 1841 type H. abredonensis FLEMING 1841 Name based on imperfectly 

formed specimen not currently assigned to species 

Eleutherocephalus AGASSIZ 1846 (substitute for Cephaleutherus ) 

Peroptera GISTEL 1848 (Misspelling of Hieroptera) 

Perioptera GISTEL 1848 (Misspelling of Hieroptera) 

Raja chinensis BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; Peking ? (sp. dub.) 

Raja punctata WOODWARD 1900 t/l; Freemantle, W. Aus. ( n. nud.) 

Raja arctowskii DOLLO 1904 egg-cases, Antarctic 

Raja atriventralis FOWLER 1933 t/l; Japan (perhaps in error) (sp. 

dub.) 

Raja (Uraptera ) joberti [VAILLANT ] BERTIN 1939 Nat. Mus. Hist. 

Nat., Paris 

Raja sp.A (Kumada & Hiyama 1937) BEEBE & TEEVAN 1941 Pac. coast of 

Mexico 

Raja sp. B (Kumada & Hiyama 1937)B & TV 1941 Pac. cst. of Mexico. 

Raja batoides FUNDELE et al. 1985 (typographical error?) 

Rhinobatidae or Rajidae Incertae Sedis 

Genus TARSISTES Jordan 1919 

Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857 (non Rhynchobatus MUELLER & HENLE) No trivial name 

applied. 

Tarsistes JORDAN 1919 new mame for Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857, type Tarsistes philippii 

JORDAN 1919 sp. n. 

T. PHILIPPII Jordan 1919 

Rhynchobatis sp. PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Juan Fernandez, Chile. 

Tarsistes philippii JORDAN 1919 new name for the above which was based on the dried head of a 

large ray with a long thin flat snout and was not given a trivial name by the original author. 

FOSSIL 

Actinobatis AGASSIZ 1838 Type Raja (Actinobatis ) ornata AGASSIZ 

Senior homonym of R. ornata GARMAN 1881 

144

ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES 

Family DASYATIDAE 

(Stingrays) 

Genus DASYATIS Rafinesque 1810 

Dasybatus KLEIN 1775 (inadmissible work) type Raja pastinaca LINN. 1758 

Dasybatus WALBAUM 1792 ( inadmissible wk. ) type Raja pastinaca L. 1758 

Dasyatis RAF. 1810 , type Dasyatis ujo RAF . 1810 ( = R. pastinaca L. ) 

Uroxis RAF. 1810, type Uroxis ujo RAF. 1810 ( = R. pastinaca L. ) 

Trygonobatus BLAINV. 1816*, type Trygonobatus vulgaris BLAINV. 1816 

( = R. pastinaca LINN. 1758) 

Trygon ( ADANSON ) CUV. 1817 type R. pastinaca L. 

Hypanus RAF. 1818 type Raja say LeSUEUR 1817 

Trygonobatis BLAINV. 1825 type R. pastinaca LINN. 

Pastinacae NARDO 1827 type R. pastinaca LINN. 

Pastinacha SWAINSON 1839 (non SWAINSON 1838) type P. olivacea SWAINS. = R. 

pastinaca LINN. 

Dasibatis AGASSIZ 1843 (emendation) 

Pastinachus GARMAN 1913 type R. pastinachus LINN. 

*Trygonobatis BLAINVILLE 1816, 9 spp. were listed, as follows:- 

T. pastinachus 

T. uarnak (see Himantura) 

T. sephen ( see Hypolophus) 

T. imbricatus (see Himantura) 

T. vulgaris ( = pastinaca) 

T. longicaudatus ( = uarnak) (see Himantura) 

T. dorsatus (? = imbricata) (see Himantura) 

T.. sindrachus (? = uarnak) (see Himantura) 

T. russellianus (? = uarnak) (see Himantura) 

D. PASTINACA ( Linn. ) 1758 Shorttail Obtusenose 

Stingray 

Pastinaca marina BELON 1551 ; 

Raia pastinaca LINN. 1758 t/l; " Europe " 

Pastinaca laevis GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmiss.) 

Dasyatis ujo RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

Uroxis ujus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily 

? Trygonobatus vulgaris BLAINV.1816 (n.nud) 

Trygon vulgaris RISSO 1826 t/l; Estuary of River Var 

145

Pastinaca olivacea SWAINSON 1839 

Trygon akajei BURGER in M. & H. 1841 t/l; S.W. Japan 

Pastinaca laevis GRAY 1854 t/l; Atlantic Coast of Europe 

? Dasyatis laevigata CHU 1960 t/l; Yantai, China 

Dasyatis tortonesei CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Gulf of Tunis 

Dasyatis laosensis ROBERTS & KARNASUTA 1987 t/l; Mekong R., Laos & Thailand 

? Dasyatis sp. COMPAGNO & COOK 1994 t/l; China (freshwater) 

Range; W. Baltic (rare), Skagerrak & Southern North Sea to Med. & Black Sea & adj. parts of 

the Atlantic to Morocco. 

Japan, East China Sea , Korea ? China in freshwater. 

D. NAVARRAE (Steindachner) 1892 Longtail Obtusenose 

Stingray 

Trygon navarrae STEINDACHNER 1892 t/l; Shanghai 

Dasyatis ushiei JORDAN & HUBBS 1925 t/l; Mikawa Bay, Japan 

Range; East China Sea and Japan. 

D. SAY (LeSueur) 1817 Large Bluntnose 

Stingray 

Raja say LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New Jersey 

Trygon sayi M. & H. 1841 t/l; Martinique ; Sta. Domingo ; N. Y. 

Trygon brevis GARMAN 1879 t/l; Payta , Peru 

Dasyatis hawaiensis JENKINS 1904 t/l; Honolulu,Hawaii 

Range; Coastal Waters of the Western N. Atlantic, New Jersey to N. Argentina. Rare on the 

continental coast of western Caribbaean & Gulf of Mexico.) 

Eastern Pacific; Peru; Galapagos; Hawaiian Is. 

D. IZUENSIS Nishida & Nakaya 1988 Izu Stingray 

Dasyatis izuensis NISHIDA & NAKAYA 1988 t/l; Izu Pen., Japan 

Range; Izu Pen., Japan 

Dasyatis sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Dwarf Black Stingray 

Dasyatis sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l;off Pt. Hedland, NW Aus. 

FC 00 035021 

Range;off NW. Australia 

Genus AMPHOTISTIUS Garman 1913 

Amphotistius GARMAN 1913 type Trygon sabina LESUEUR 1824 

Toshia WHITLEY 1933 type Dasyatis fluviorum OGILBY 1908 

GUTTATUS Group 

GUTTATUS Subgroup 

A. GUTTATUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Longnose Scaly-back Stingray 

Raia tuberculee LAC. 1800 

Raja tuberculata LAC. 1800 ( non BONN. 1788 ) t/l; Cayenne 

Raja guttata BL. & SCHN. 1801 S. America 

Trygon gymnura MUELLER 1835 t/l; Rio de Janeiro 

Trygon osteosticta MUELLER 1835 t/l; Rio de Janeiro 

Trygon jabelara MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Brazil 

Range; Inshore continental coast of S.Brazil to S.Gulf of Mexico; W. Indies. 

146

CHRYSONOTUS Subgroup 

A. CHRYSONOTUS (A. Smith) 1828 Blue-marbled Stingray 

Trygon chrysonota A. SMITH 1828 t/l; S. Africa 

Trygon pastinaca var. marmorata STEIND. 1892 t/l;Goree Bay, Senegambia 

Range; W.Africa from Senegambia to Natal, S. Africa. 

A. FLUVIORUM Ogilby 1908 Australian Brown Estuary Stingray 

Trygon pastinaca MACLEAY 1878 (non LINN.) 

Dasybatus fluviorum TOSH 1903 (n.nud.) 

Dasyatis fluviorum OGILBY 1908 t/l; Brisbane R., Queensland 

FC 00 035008 

Range;New Guinea to Northern Terr., Aus, and to Northern New South Wales 

A. ANNOTATUS Last 1987 Australian Plain Maskray 

Dasyatis sp 1 GOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

Amphotistius sp 1 SAINSBURY et al 1985 

Dasyatis annotatus LAST 1987 t/l; W. Aus. & N. Terr., Aus. 

FC 00 035012 

Range;W. Aus. & N.Terr., Aus. 

LONGUS Subgroup 

A. LONGUS (Garman) 1880 Longtail Diamond Stingray 

Trygon longa GARMAN 1880 t/l; Acapulco & Panama 

Dasybatus dipterurus JORDAN & GILBERT 1880 t/l; San Diego, California 

Dasibatus hastatus GARMAN 1883 (non DeKAY 1842 ) t/l; Rio de Janeiro 

Trygon sinensis STEIND. 1892 t/l; Shanghai Range; Off E. China 

Dasyatis americana HILDEBRAND & SCHROEDER 1928 (new name for Dasibatus hastatus 

GARMAN 1883, preocc. by DeKAY 1842 = centroura) t/l; Chesapeake Bay. 

Dasyatis scabrata FOWLER 1942 t/l; Matanzas & Havana, Cuba 

Range; American tropical & subtropical coastal waters from the Pacific Coast of Panama to 

California, possibly further north. and from Florida (rarely further north) to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Tropical West Africa. Off Eastern China. 

SABINUS Group 

SABINUS subgroup 

A. SABINUS (LeSueur) 1824 American Little Pointnose Stingray 

Trygon sabina LESUEUR 1824 t/l; Florida 

?Trygon sp. dubia CHUCO 1868 

? Trygon sp.dubia POEY 1876 t/l; Cuba 

Dasyatis no. 543 POEY 1876 t/l; Cuba 

Range;Chesapeake Bay to Florida & Cuba . Possibly south to Surinam & Brazil. Coastal and 

freshwater. 

MARGARITA subgroup 

A. MARGARITA (Gunther) 1870 Daisy Stingray, Greater Pearl Stingray 

Trygon margarita GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Old Calabar River, Gabon, W. Africa 

Dasyatis sp. BLACHE, CADENAT & STAUCH 1970 

Range; Gabon and Nigeria, Tropical West Africa 

A. GAROUAENSIS (Stauch & Blanc) 1962 Niger Smooth Freshwater Stingray 

Potamotrygon garouaensis STRAUCH & BLANC 1962 t/l; Benue River at Malape, Cameroon 

Dasyatis sp. KREFFT 1968 

147

Range; Cameroons, W. Africa 

A. MARGARITELLUS (Compagno & Roberts) 1984 Lesser Pearl Stingray 

Trygon margarita GUNTHER 1870 (part) 

Dasyatis margaritella COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1984 t/l; off Cameroon, W. Africa 

Range; Cameroons 

ZUGEI group 

A. ZUGEI (M.& H) 1841 Pale-edged Spearnose 

Stingray 

Trygon zugei BURGER in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Japan. 

Trygon crozieri BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal 

Dasyatis cheni TENG 1962 Taiwan 

Dasyatis acutirostra NISHIDA & NAKAYA 1988 t/l; S. Japan 

Range; Japan, India, Burma, Malaya, Indonesia, China & Indo-China. 

A. GEIJSKESI Boeseman 1948 Wingfin 

Stingray 

Dasyatis geijskesi BOESEMAN 1948 t/l; Surinam 

Range; Surinam 

Genus NEOTRYGON Castelnau 1873 

Neotrygon CASTELNAU 1873 type N. trigonoides CASTELNAU 1873 = kuhlii. 

Neotrygon WHITLEY 1940 type Trygon kuhlii M. & H. 1841 

N. KUHLI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Blue-spotted 

Maskray 

Trygon glauconotus KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) Java 

Trygon kuhlii M. & H. 1841 Vanikoro , New Hebrides 

Trygon glauconotus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Java 

Raya (Neotrygon) trigonoides CASTELNAU 1873 t/l; New Caledonia 

Dasybatus varidens GAR. 1885 t/l; Hong Kong 

Trygon kuhelii PEARSON 1918 (lapsus for kuehli) 

Dasyatis maculatus MIYOSI 1939 t/l; Hyuga Nada , Japan 

FC 00 035004 

Range;Throughout tropical Indo- West Pacific from E. & S. Africa to Japan, Australia, Micronesia 

& Polynesia. 

N. LEYLANDI Last 1987 Australian Painted 

Maskray 

Amphotistius sp 2 SAINSBURY et al. 1985 

Dasyatis leylandi LAST 1987 t/l; W. Aus. 

Dasyatis sp. ALLEN & SWAINSTON 1988 

FC 00 035013 

Range; Western Australia 

NEOTRYGON sp. Amphotistius sp. no. 3 SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Neotrygon kuhlii WHITLEY 1940 (part) 

Neotrygon kuhlii MONROE 1956 (part) 

Amphotistius sp. no. 3 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Genus HEMITRYGON M. & H. 1838 

Hemitrygon M. & H. 1838 type Trygon bennettii M.& H. 1841 

148

H. BENNETTI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Short Subfold 

Stingray 

Trygon bennettii M. & H. 1841 t/l; East China Sea 

Trygon carnea RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Macao 

Range;China,Indo-China, Amoy, Luzon. 

H. PACIFICA (Beebe & Tee-Van) 1941 Costa Rican Stingray 

Dasyatis pacificus BEEBE & TEE-VAN 1941 t/l; Port Parker, Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. 

Range;Pacific coast of Costa Rica. 

Genus BATHYTOSHIA Whitley 1933 

? Urolophoides SOLDATEV & LINDBERG 1930 type Urolpohoides giganteus S. & L. 1930 

possibly including Urolophoides which looks as though the tail truncation is a deformity or the result 

of an injury. 

Bathytoshia WHITLEY 1933 type Dasyatis thetidis (OGILBY) WAITE 1899 

B. CENTROURA (Mitchill ) 1815 Rough Longtailed Stingray 

Pastinaca aspera BELON 1551 

Pastinaca thalassia FABIUS COLUMNAE 1592 

Dasybatus marinus KLEIN 1775 (inadmiss. work) 

Raja centroura MITCH. 1815 t/l; Long Island, N. Y. 

Trygon aspera CUV. 1817 ( ref. to BELON only ) 

Trygon aldrovandi RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice 

Trygon brucco BONAP. 1834 t/l; Italy 

Trygon thalassia M. & H. 1841 (ref. to Columna ) no loc. 

Pastinaca hastata DeKAY 1842 t/l; Rhode Island 

Pastinaca acanthura GRAY 1854 t/l; Med. & America 

? Trygon spinosissima DUM. 1865 

Dasybatus (Pastinachus) marinus GARMAN 1913 

Range: E.Atl. & Med. from Biscay to Madeira & Morocco south to Angola 

W. Atl. Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras (Coastal) ?Florida ?Uruguay 

B. LATA (Garman) 1880 Black Thorntail 

Stingray 

Trygon tuberculata GUNTH. 1870 ( non SLOAN 1725, non BONN.1788, non LAC. 1800) 

Trygon lata GARMAN 1880 t/l; Hawaiian Is. 

Dasyatis thetidis OGILBY in WAITE 1899 t/l; Newcastle Bight & Wata Moori, NSW. 

Dasyatis sciera JENKINS 1904 t/l; Honolulu 

? Trygon microps ANNANDALE 1908 * t/l; off Chittagong, Bangladesh 

149

Dasybatis agulhensis BARNARD 1925 t/l; Agulhas Bank, South Africa 

Dasyatis lubricus J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Algoa Bay, South Africa 

Range; Hawaiian Is. ; Southern half of Australia; N. Z. ; S. Africa (Cape Agulhas to 

Mozambique). ? India. 

FC 00 035002 

B. BREVICAUDATA (Hutton) 1875 Grey Shorttail Stingray 

Trygon thalassia HECTOR 1872 (non M. & H. 1841 ) t/l; N.Z. 

Trygon brevicaudatus HUTTON 1875 t/l; Dunedin Harbour, N. Z. 

Trygon schreineri GILCHRIST 1913 t/l; False Bay, Cape of Good Hope 

Urolophoides giganteus SOLDATEV & LINDBERGH 1930 t/l; Peter the Great Bay, E. Siberia 

Dasyatis matsubarai MIYOSI 1939 t/l; Hyuga Nada, Japan 

Urolophoides multispinosus TOKAREV in LINDBERGH & LEGHEZA 1959 t/l; Japanese 

Seas. 

Range; New Zealand; Southern half of Australia; South Africa (False Bay to Southern 

Mozambique); Sea of Japan; Pacific coast of Costa Rica. 

FC 00 035001 

The following species is also placed here provisionally, due to general disc shape and overall 

roughness and the prescence of a subcaudal fold only. 

B. RUDIS (Gunther) 1870 West African Smalltooth Stingray 

Trygon rudis GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Old Calabar River,W. Africa 

Range;Tropical West Africa 

Genus HIMANTURA Mueller & Henle 1837 

Raja FORSKAL 1775 ( pt.) for Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775 

Trygonobatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) for Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775 

Himantura MUELLER & HENLE 1837 type R. uarnak FORSKAL 1775 

Leiobatus BLKR. 1864 ( non KLEIN 1775; non RAF. 1810 ), type R. uarnak FORSK. 

Leiobatis BLKR. 1878 ( emend. ) 

? Brachioptera GRATZIANOW 1906 type Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906 

Himanturus GARMAN 1913 type R. uarnak FORSKAEL 1775 

Indeterminate Names 

Trygoobatus longicaudatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably uarnak 

Trygoobatus russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably uarnak 

Trygoobatus sindrachus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata 

Trygoobatus imbricatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata 

Trygoobatus dorsatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata 

Raia (Trygon) uarnac CUVIER 1817 (ref. only) 

Raia (Trygon) dorsatus CUVIER 1817 (ref. only) 

Trygon maculata (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy) (Java) ? 

= uarnak or undulata 

Trygon semirugosa (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy) 

(Java) ? = uarnak or undulata 

Trygon acuta (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy) 

(Java) ? = senior syn. of oxyrhyncha 

Trygon uarnacoides BLEEKER 1852 (Java) ? = uarnak or undulata 

Trygon pastinacoides BLEEKER 1852 (Java) ? = uarnak or undulata 

Inadmissible Names 

150

Raja uarnata WALBAUM 1792 (lapsus) (on FORSKAEL) 

Raja tafara WALBAUM 1792 (on FORSKAEL) 

UARNAK group 

H. UARNAK ( Forskal ) 1775 Marbled 

Whipray 

Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Arabia 

Raja arnak FORSKAL 1775 Lohaja, Red Sea 

Raja ommescherit FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea 

Raja tojara FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea 

Raja schoukie FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea 

Raja mula FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea 

Raja uarnata WALBAUM 1792 ( on Forskal ) 

Raja tafara WALBAUM 1792 ( on Forskal ) 

Tenkee Shindraki RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam 

Trygonobatus russellii GRAY 1832-34 (India) 

Trygon variegatus McCLELLAND 1841 ( Calcutta ) 

Trygon ellioti BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal 

1941 

Himantura sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

Range;Whole Indo-Pacific region from Red Sea south to southeastern S. Africa;Madgascar; East to 

China and northeast as far as north of Luzon, Philippines; Indonesia; Australia south to Shark Bay, 

Western Australia and Brisbane, Queensland . SE New Guinea. Recorded from SE Med.(via Suez 

Canal) 

FC 00 035003 

H. UNDULATA (Bleeker) 1852 Honeycomb Whipray 

Trygon undulata BLKR. 1852 t/l;Batavia 

Trygon favus ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; off Orissa 

Range; India;West of Malay Pen. and Taiwan to tropical N. Australia. Favus may represent a valid 

subspecies with paler honeycomb markings than Indonesian undulata. 

FC 00 035026 

H. PAREH (Bleeker) 1852 Palespot Whipray 

Trygon pareh BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia 

Trygon alcockii ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Puri, Orissa Coast. India 

Range; Orissa coast of India to Indonesia 

H. PUNCTATA ( Gunther ) 1870 Blackspot Whipray 

Trygon punctata GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Nanga Buntal. N.coast of Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur, 

Indonesia 

Himantura toshi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; N.S.W., Australia. 

FC 00 035020 

Range; New Guinea & Tropical N.Australia betwen Pt. Hedland, W. Aus. & McKay, Queensaland. 

Possibly Indonesia. 

Two morphs, a dark spotted typical form & a pale-spotted rare form 

OXYRHYNCHA group 

H. OXYRHYNCHA (Sauvage) 1878 Marbled Freshwater Whipray 

Trygon (Himantura) oxyrhynchus SAUVAGE 1878 t/l; Saigon, Vietnam 

151

Dasybatus (Himanturus) krempfi CHABANAUD 1923 t/l;Pnom Penh Cambodia 

Range; Vietnam; Cambodia; Borneo; Banka;Java;Ternate in freshwater 

IMBRICATA group 

imbricata subgroup 

H. IMBRICATA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Scaly Shorttail Whipray 

Raja imbricata BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel Coast of India 

Isacurrah tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam 

Trygon immunis BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra 

? Pastinaca dorsalis SWAINSON 1839 ( on Russell ) 

? Pastinaca brevicauda SWAINSON 1839 

Trygon chindrakee ( CUV. ) BLKR. 1853 (part) ( on Russell) 

Trygon heterurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java 

Trygon dadong BLKR. 1856 t/l; Bintan I.,Kepulauan Riau, Malaysia 

Trygon nuda GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Singapore; India. 

Raja obtusa (KLUNZ. 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea 

Range;Red Sea to Seychelles & Mauritius ,India,Ceylon, Malaya, Indonesia & China. 

Reddish-Dark Brown and white-spotted 

H. WALGA (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Dwarf Scaly Whipray 

Walga Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam 

Trygon walga MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; India;Red Sea 

Range; Red Sea to Indonesia 

H. SIGNIFER Compagno & Roberts 1982 Borneo White-edge Freshwater Whipray 

Himantura signifer COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1982 t/l; Sintang fish market, Kapuas River, 

Kalimantan Barat,Borneo. 

Range; Borneo (fresh water) 

bleekeri subgroup 

H. BLEEKERI (Blyth) 1860 Darkbrown Plaintail Whipray 

Trygon bleekeri BLYTH 1860 t/l; Bengal 

Range;India;Ceylon;Indo-China;Thailand. 

fluviatilis subgroup 

H. FLUVIATILIS [Hamilton-Buchanan 1822] (sensu ANNANDALE 1910 & CHAUDHURI 1911) 

Giant Freshwater Whipray 

? Raia fluviatilis HAMILTON-BUCHANAN 1822 ( nom. dub.) t/l;near Bhagalpur, Bihar, Ganges 

River, India. 

Trygon polylepis BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java 

Himantura fluviatilis ANNANDALE 1910 t/l; off coast of Madras 37-55 m. (new diagnosis 

validating the name fluviatilis ; CHAUDHURI 1911 ( vide Compagno & Cook 1995 ) 

Himantura sp.COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1982 

Himantura chaophraya MONKOLPRASIT & ROBERTS 1990 t/l; River Chaophraya, Thailand. 

? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO & COOK 1994 New Guinea (freshwater) (New Guinea Freshwater 

Whipray.) 

Range;India (Lower and middle Ganges River system from near Bhagalpur possibly up to Kanpur; 

Bay of Bengal [ marine records from off Madras, Annandale 1910 and Bay of Bengal, Chaudhuri 

1911] ); Java; Thailand (freshwater); Northern Australia (freshwater). 

FC 00 035023 

152

granulata subgroup 

H. GRANULATA ( Macleay ) 1883 Mangrove Whipray 

Trygon granulata MACLEAY 1883 t/l;New Guinea 

Trygon ponapensis GUNTH. 1910 t/l;Ponape I., Carolines. 

Dasyatis (Amphotistius ) uylenbergi GILTAY 1933 t/l; Poeloe Endoe, Aru Is. Moluccas. 

FC 00 035019 

Range; Southern New Guinea and Aru Is.,Santa Cruz Is.and N. Australia. Caroline Is. N.Java. 

GERRARDI group 

H. GERRARDI (Gray) 1851 Bandtail Fawn Whipray 

Trygon gerrardi GRAY 1851 t/l; India 

Trygon liocephalus KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Koseir, Red Sea 

Range; Red Sea to S. Africa and east to Indonesia ? Japan 

H. MACRURA (Bleeker) 1852 Darktail Pink Whipray 

Trygon macrurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Java;Sumatra 

Himantura fai JORD. & SEALE 1905 t/l; Apia, Samoa 

Range Thailand; Java; Sumatra; ? Lesser Sunda Is.; Tropical N. Australia; Samoa; Caroline Is. 

Possible occurrence also in the Solomon Is.and Western Indian Ocean. Sympatric with gerrardi in 

Indonesia 

FC 00 035024 

Himantura sp. cf. fai COMPAGNO EBERT & SMALE 1989 Indigo Roundnose Whipgray 

? Dasyatis purpureus WALLACE 1967 ( non SMITH in M. & H. 1841 ) 

? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO & HEEMSTRA 1984 on Dasyatis purpureus WALLACE 1967 

( non M.& H.) 

? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO EBERT & SMALE 1989 

Range; off East coast of S. Africa. 

MARGINATA group 

H. MARGINATA (Blyth) 1860 Bluntnose Blackedge Whipray 

Trygon marginatus BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal 

Trygon atrocissimus BLYTH 1860 t/l; Indian Ocean 

Range; India;Burma 

JENKINSI group 

H. JENKINSI (Annandale ) 1909 Golden Shorttail Whipray 

Trygon jenkinsii ANNAN. 1909 t/l; off Ganjam Coast, India 

? Himantura draco COMPAGNO & HEEMSTRA 1984 t/l; off Durban, S. Africa.(Dragon Whipray) 

FC 00 035025 

Range; NW Coast of India. Malaya to New Giunea & Northern Australia. South Africa; 

Mozambique. Possibly off Arabia & East Africa. 

MICROPHTHALMA group 

H. MICROPHTHALMA ( Chen ) 1948 Taiwan Small-eyed Whipray 

Dasyatis microphthalmus CHEN 1948 t/l; Keelung Market, Taiwan. 

Range; Taiwan 

153

SCHMARDAE group 

H. SCHMARDAE (Werner ) 1904 Chuparee Whipray 

? Trygon sp. dub.POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba ( in Lesbia 319) 

? Raja sp. dub. POEY 1876 

Trygon schmardae WERNER 1904 t/l; Jamaica 

Dasybatus (Pastinachus) torrei GARMAN 1913 t/l; Cuba 

Range; Jamaica; Cuba. Bay of Campeche, Mexico. Trinidad. Surinam. Caribbaean coast of Panama. 

UNGROUPED 

Himantura sp. A [ Last & Stevens 1993 ] North Australian Brown Whipray 

Himantura sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

FC 00 035022 

Range;Darwin, Northern Territory to Moreton Bay, Queensland.(Marine) 

Genus HYPOLOPHUS M. & H. 1837 

Trygonobatus BLAINV. 1816 ( part) include Raja sephen FORSKAL 

Hypolophus M. & H. 1837 type; Raja sephen FORSK. 

Pastinachus RUPPELL 1838 type; Raja sephen FORSK. 

Pastinaca SWAINSON 1838 type; Raja sephen FORSK. 

H. SEPHEN ( Forskal ) 1775 Cowtail Stingray; Feathertail Stingray 

Raja sephen FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djedda;Lohaja,Red Sea 

Walga tenkee RUSSELL 1803 ( Vizagapatam) 

Raia sancur HAMILTON-BUCHANAN 1822 t/l; Ganges 

Trigon forskalii RUPPELL 1828 t/l;Red Sea 

Trygon walga-tenkee CUV. 1829( on RUSSELL 1803) 

Taeniura atra MACLEAY 1883 t/l;New Guinea 

Taeniura mortoni MACLEAY 1883 t/l;Lower Burdakin River ,Queensland. 

Dasybatus (Pastinachus) gruveli CHABANAUD 1923 t/l;Gulf of Siam 

Pastinachus sephen ater WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Burdakin R.,Queensland 

Range;Indo-West Pacific region from Red Sea & S. Africa east to 

Taiwan, Philippines, New Britain & Northern New South Wales. 

FC 00 035011 

Genus PTEROPLATYTRYGON Fowler 1910 

Dasyatis (Pteroplatytrygon) FOWLER 1910, type Trygon violaceum BONAP.1832. 

P. VIOLACEA (Bonaparte) 1832 Pelagic Stingray 

Trygon violaceum BONAPARTE 1832 t/l;Med., off Italy 

? Trygon purpurea A. SMITH in M & H 1841 t/l;?S.Africa ( A dubious but perhaps nominally valid 

sp.) 

Dasyatis purpureus JLB SMITH SFSA No. 82 (in Smith & Heemstra 1986) 

? Dasyatis atratus ISHIYAMA & OKADA 1955 t/l; N. of Marianas 

Dasyatis guileri LAST 1979 t/l;Derwent River Estuary, Tasmania 

Range; Pelagic,oceanic.Probably cosmopolitan in temperata & subtropical seas. 

E. Atl; Between lat. 30 N. & S.;S. Africa 

W. Atl; Newfoundland to Gulf of Mexico. Eastern Brazil 

E. Pac.;Washington to Lower California. Peru. Chile. Galapagos Is. Hawaii. 

W.Pac.;Japan. Marshall & Mariana Is. 

FC 00 035010 

Genus TAENIURA M. & H. 1837 

154

Subgenus TAENIURA M. & H. 1837 

Trygon GEOFF. ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non CUV.) type Raja lymma FORSKAL 

Taeniura M & H 1837 type Trygon ornatum GRAY 1832= lymma 

Alexandrinum MOLIN 1861 type A. molini ZIGNO 1874 = Raja muricata VOLTA 1796 

Discobatis MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 ( non GARMAN 1881) type Discobatis marginipinis 

MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 = lymma 

Discotrygon FWLR. 1910 type Discobatis marginipinnis M.& M. 1886 

T. LYMMA (Forskal) 1775 Bluespot Fantail Stingray 

Raja lymma FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Lohaja, Red Sea 

Raia lymnia BONN. 1788 t/l;Red Sea 

Raja lymna BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Red Sea 

Trygon halgani LESSON 1830 t/l; Waigiu & New Ireland 

Trygon ornatum GRAY 1832 t/l;Singapore 

Trygon lymnae SWAINSON 1839 

Taeniura lijmma BLKR. 1852 Macassar , Indonesia 

Discobatis marginipinnis MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 t/l; NSW, Aus. 

Range;Indo-West Pacific Region from Red Sea to Delagoa Bay,S. Africa east to Queensland & 

Solomon Is. 

FC 00 035009 

T. GRABATA (St. Hilaire) 1817 Round Fantail Stingray 

Raja muricata VOLTA 1796 

Trygon grabatus GEOFF. ST. HILAIRE 1809(1817) t/l;"Red Sea" = off Alexandria, Egypt 

Alexandrinum molini ZIGNO 1874 

Taeniura grabata var. variegata ROULE 1912 

Range;Eastern Med.,E. Atlantic( Cape Verde Is.) & Tropical West Africa. 

Subgenus TAENIUROPS Garman 1913 

Taeniurops GARMAN 1913 type Taeniura meyeni M. & H. 1841 

T. MEYENI M. & H. 1841 Speckled Fantail Stingray 

Trygon (Taeniura) meyeni M & H 1841 t/l;Mauritius 

Taeniura melanospilos BLKR. 1853 t/l;Batavia 

Taeniura melanospila GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Red Sea 

? Taeniura brocki SCHULTZ 1953 t/l; Bikini Atoll 

Range;Red Sea to Natal, S.Africa. East to S. Japan, New Guinea & N. Queensland.? Bikini Atoll. 

FC 00 035017 

Genus UROGYMNUS M. & H. 1837 

Anacanthus (EHRENBERG) HOVEN 1833 (non GRAY 1831 in Teleostei, non AUDINET- 

SERVILLE 1832) type Raja africana BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Gymnura M. & H. 1837 ( non KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 ) type Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN. 

1801 

Urogymnus M. & H. 1837 type Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( n.n. to replace Gymnura M & H 

1837.) 

Rhachinotus CANTOR 1849 (proposed to replace Anacanthus but preocc. by GRAY 1831 and 

AUDINET-SERVILLE 1832 also) type Raja africana BL.& SCHN. 1801 

U. ASPERRIMUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Porcupine Ray 

Raja radula SOLANDER 1777 ( non DEL. 1809 ) t/l;Queensland, Aus. 

Raja africana BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Guinea,W. Africa 

Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Bombay,India 

Urogymnus rhombeus KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Koseir, Red Sea 

Urogymnus laevior ANNAN. 1909 t/l; S. Canara, Malabar Coast, India 

Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi WHIT. 1939( n.n. for Raja radula SOLANDER ) 

Urogymnus asperrimus var. krusadiensis CHACKO 1946 t/l; G. of Manaar 

155

Range;Red Sea to Natal,S. Africa, east to Borneo, New Guinea & Queensland.Fiji Is.,Micronesia. 

Off coast of tropical West Africa ( Senegal to Liberia ) 

FC 00 035027 

U. UKPAM ( Smith ) 1863 Pincushion Ray ; Thorny Freshwater Stingray 

Hemitrygon ukpam SMITH 1863 t/l; Old Calabar River, Gabon, W. Africa 

Range: Tropical West Africa ( Freshwater) 

MALFORMED SPECIMENS 

Genus BRACHIOPTERA Gratzianow 1906 

Brachioptera GRATZIANOW, V. I. 1906, Zoologische Anzeiger, 30, 1906 p. 400 type 

Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906 Gen. nov. and sp. nov. 

B. RHNOCEROS Gratzianow 1906 

Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906 

Brachioptera rhinoptera BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1953 (ref. only) (lapsus) 

Based on an embryo with anterior parts of pectorals free from sides of head, probably Himantura or 

Gymnura ( Bigelow & Schroeder 1953 ) because without caudal folds. According to Gratzianow the 

original specimen from Singapore was brought to the Zoologische Museum der Kais. 

Moscow University (Zool.) by Dr. W. Issaew from Singapore on 18/02/1889. Fowler (1941) lists 

Brachioptera in the synonymy of Himantura. Bigelow & Schroeder erroneously quote the name as 

Brachioptera rhinoptera.in Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Sears Foundation for Marine 

Research, Memoir no. 1 part 2 Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates Rays and Chimaeras Yale University 

1953 p. 389. 

In his 1906 paper Gratzianow suggested the formation of a new family Brachiopteridae for what he 

called a special group of rays with anterior pectorals unfused with the head. It was to include B. 

rhnoceros, Planerocephalus ellioti, n. spp. as well as possibly for Cephaleutherus maculatus 

Rafinesque 1815 (called maculosus by Gratzianow) and Propterygia hyposticta of Otto 1821. He also 

indicated in a footnote that Brachioptilon hamiltoni Newman 1849 may have belonged here. It is now 

known that the first four are malformations of common rays although the exact species is not always 

certain. The last is the East Pacfic representative of Manta birostris. 

Family HEXATRYGONIDAE 

Sixgill Stingrays 

Genus HEXATRYGON Heemstra & Smith 1980 

Hexatrygon HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980, type Hexatrygon bickelli HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980. 

Hexatrematobatis CHU & MENG 1981 type Hexatrematobatis longirostris CHU & MENG 1981 

H. BICKELLI Heemstra & Smith 1980 Sixgill Stingray 

Hexatrygon bickelli HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980 t/l; S. Africa 

? Hexatrematobatis longirostris CHU & MENG 1981 t/l; S. China Sea 

? Hexatrygon longirostra SHEN & LIU 1984 (error) 

? Hexatrygon yangi SHEN & LIU 1984 t/l; Taiwan 

? Hexatrygon brevirostra SHEN 1986 t/l; Taiwan 

? Hexatrygon taiwanensis SHEN 1986 t/l; Taiwan 

? Hexatrygon sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; slope off Flinders Reef, Queensland & 

Exmouth Plateau to Shark Bay, W. Australia. 900-1120 m. 

156

( FC 00 037002 ) 

Range;off S. Africa; East & South China Sea; Australia.May represent one or several species. 

Family UROLOPHIDAE 

Round Stingrays; Stingarees 

Genus UROLOPHUS Mueller & Henle 1837 

Raja LAC. 1804 (part); type Raja cruciata LAC. 1804 

Leiobatus BLAINV.1816 (non RAF.,non WALBAUM, non KLEIN) type Leiobatus sloani 

BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud) 

Trygon CUVIER 1817 (part) for Trygon jamaicensis CUVIER 

Trygonobatus DESMAREST 1823, type Trygonobatus torpedinus DESMAREST 

Urolophus MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Raja cruciata LAC. 1804 

Usolophus MUELLER & HENLE 1838 (typographical error) 

Urobatis GARMAN 1913 , type Urobatis sloani GAR. ( = jamaicensis ) 

U. CRUCIATUS (Lacepede) 1804 Crossback Stingaree; Banded Stingaaree 

Raja cruciata LACEPEDE 1804 t/l; New Holland ( = Australia ) 

Urolophus ephippiatus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Tasmania 

Range; NSW., Victoria, S. Aus., Tasmania (shelf ) 

Tathra, NSW to Beachport, S. Aus. (to 160 m.) 

FC 00 038002 

U. JAMAICENSIS (Cuvier) 1817 Yellow Round Stingray 

Pastinaca marina ferruginea, tuberculata SLOAN 1725 ( Hist. Jamaica ) 

t/l; Jamaica 

? Leiobatus sloani BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud) 

Trygon jamaicensis CUVIER 1817 t/l; Jamaica 

Trygonobatus torpedinus DESMAREST 1823 t/l; Cuba 

Urolophus torpedinus M. & H. 1841 t/l; Santa Domingo, Cuba 

Urobatis sloani GARMAN 1913 t/l; Haiti 

Urobatis vermiculatus GAR. 1913 t/l; Progreso, Yucatan 

Range: ( W. Atl. ) W. Indies and continental coast fromm Texas to Colombia. 

U. AURANTIACUS M. & H. 1841 Sepia Stingray 

Urolophus aurantiacus M & H 1841 t/l; Gotto I., SW Japan. 

Pastinaca jeinorii BUERGER in M & H 1841 (name in synon.) 

Urolophus fuscus GARMAN 1885 t/l;East Coast of Japan 

Urolophus tullbergi NYSTROM 1887 t/l; Nagasaki 

Range; Japan; Korea 

U. ARMATUS M. & H. 1841 New Ireland Stingaree 

Urolophus armatus VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; New Ireland 

Range; New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. 

U. HALLERI Cooper 1863 Pacific Little Round Stingray 

Urolophus halleri COOPER 1863 t/l; San Diego, California 

Urolophus nebulosus GARMAN 1885 t/l; Colima, Mexico 

Urolophus umbrifer JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico 

Range; S. California to Mexico 

157

U. BUCCULENTUS Macleay 1884 Sandyback Stingaree 

Urolophus bucculentus MACLEAY 1884 t/l; Pt. Jackson, NSW. 40-60 fms. 

Range; Stradbroke I.,Queensland to Hyppolyte Rocks, Tasmania. 

FC 00 038001 

U. MARMORATUS Philippi 1892 Marbled Round Stingray 

Urolophus marmoratus PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Bay of Quenteros, Peru 

Range; off Peru 

U. MACULATUS (Garman) 1913 Cortez Round Stingray 

Urobatis maculatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Gulf of California 

Range; Gulf of California 

U. CONCENTRICUS (Osburn & Nicholls)1916 Reticulated Round Stingray; Bullseye 

Stingray 

Urobatis concentricus OSBURN & NICHOLLS 1916 t/l; San Esteban I.,Gulf of California 

Range;G. of California to S. Mexico 

U. VIRIDIS McCulloch 1916 Greenback Stingaree 

Urolophus viridis McCULLOCH 1916 t/l; off Sandon Bluffs, NSW. 

Range; S. Queensland to Tasmania( 20-200 m.) 

FC 00 038007 

U. EXPANSUS McCulloch 1916 Wide 

Stingaree 

Urolophus expansus McCULLOCH 1916 t/l; Great Australian Bight 80-120 fms. 

Range; Perth, W. Aus. to Pt. Lincoln, S.Aus.( outer shelf and upper slope) 

FC 00 038008 

U. SUFFLAVUS Whitley 1929 Yellowback 

Stingaree 

Urolophus cruciatus WAITE 1899 (non LAC. 1804) t/l; Shoalhaven Bight,Jervis Bay,NSW. 

Urolophus aurantiacus McCULLOCH 1916 (non M& H 1841) t/l; off Manning River, Pt. Kembton, 

NSW. 

Urolophus sufflavus WHITLEY 1929 (n.n. for aurantiacus McCULLOCH) 

Range; S. Queensland & NSW., Aus.( outer shelf ) 

FC 00 038005 

U. GIGAS Scott 1954 Spotted Stingaree; Sinclair's Stingaree 

Urolophus gigas SCOTT 1954 t/l; Tasman Sea, S. Aus 

Urolophus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSON 1986 

Range; S. Coast Aus., Albany to Tasmania 

FC 00 038003 

U. CIRCULARIS McKay 1966 Circular Stingaree 

Urolophus circularis McKAY 1966 t/l; W. Aus. ( shelf ) 

Range: Rottnest I. to Esperance , W. Aus. 

FC: 00 038020 

U. LOBATUS McKay 1966 Lobed Stingaree 

Urolophus lobatus McKAY 1966 t/l; Rottnest I., W Aus . 

Range: SW. Aus. Rottnest I. to Esperance, W. Aus. (Shelf ) 

FC: 00 038021 

U. PAUCIMACULATUS Dixon 1969 White-spotted Stingaree; Sparsely- spotted Stingaree 

Urolophus paucimaculatus DIXON 1969 t/l; Westernport Bay, Victoria 

158

Range; Northern NSW. to SW Aus. (shelf) 

FC 00 038004 

U. TUMBESENSIS Chirichigno & McEachran 1979 Tumbes Round Stingray 

Urolophus tumbesensis CHIRICHIGNO & McEACHRAN 1979 t/l; Tumbes, Peru 

Range;off Peru 

U. FLAVOMOSAICUS Last & Goman 1987 Patchwork Stingaree 

Trygonoptera sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

Urolophus sp. 2 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Urolophus flavomosaicus LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; off Pt. Hedland, W. Aus. 

Range; N.W Aus. 

FC 00 038010 

U. MITOSIS Last & Gomon 1987 Blotched or Mitotic Stingaree 

Urolophus sp. 2 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

Urolophus sp. 3 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Urolophus mitosis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; off Forester I., W. Aus. 

Range; Forester I., W. Aus. 

FC 00 038011 

U. WESTRALIENSIS Last & Gomon 1987 Brown Stingaree 

Urolophus sp.1 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 

Urolophus westraliensis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; off Pt. Hedland, NW Aus. 

Range; off Pt. Hedland. NW Aus. 

FC 00 038009 

U. ORARIUS Last &Gomon 1987 Coastal Stingaree 

Urolophus cruciatus SCOTT et. al. 1980 ( non LAC.) t/l; Investigator Str., S.Aus. 

Urolophus orarius LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; ?W. Aus. 

Range; S. Aus., between Ceduna & Beachport in 20-50 m. 

FC 00 038022 

Urolophus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Kapala Stingaree 

Urolophus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; New South Wales, Aus. between Yamba & Jervis Bay,inshore. 

FC 00 038018 

Urolophus sp. B Last & Steven] 1993 Coral Sea Stingaree 

Urolophus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 

Range; N. Queensland,between Cairns & McKay in 280- 350 m. 

FC 00 038019 

Urolophus sp. 1 SERET New Caledonia 

Urolophus sp. 2 SERET New Caledonia 

Urolophus bathyphilus FOURMANOIR 

Urolophus bathyphilus FOURMANOIR unpublished new species. 

Genus TRYGONOPTERA Mueller & Henle 1837 

Trygonoptera M. & H. 1837, type Trygonoptera testacea BANKS in M. & H. 1841 

T. TESTACEA (M. & H. ) 1841 Common Stingaree 

Trygonoptera testacea M.& H 1841 t/l;"New Holland" = Australia (on Raja testacea BANKS) 

Trygon muelleri STEINDACHNER 1866 (non CASTELNAU 1866) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW. 

Trygon henlei STEINDACHNER 1866 (non CASTELNAU 1866) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW. 

Trygon australis STEINDACHNER 1866 ( non CASTELNAU 1866 ) "South Seas" 

159

Range; Cape Howe, NSW to Calunndra, Queensland.Estuaries & coastal shallows in less than 135 m. 

FC 00 038006 

T. JAVANICA (Martens) 1864 Java 

Stingaree 

Urolophus javanicus MARTENS 1864 t/l; Batavia, Java 

Range; Java. 

T. KAIANA (Gunther ) 1880 Kai 

Stingaree 

Urolophus kaianus GUNTH. 1880 t/l; Kei Is., 129 fms. 

Range; Kei Islands, Moluccas. 

T. MUCOSA Whitley 1939 Western Shovelnose 

Stingaree 

Urolophus (Trygonoptera) mucosus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; W.Aus. 

Range; Western Aus., from Glenelg, S.Aus. to Dongara, W.Aus. down to 20 m. 

FC 00 038015 

T. OVALIS Last & Gomon 1987 Striped Stingaree 

Urolophus testaceus HUTCHINS 1979 (non M. & H. 1841) 

Urolophus sp. 1 HUTCHINS & THOMPSON 1983 

Urolophus sp. (part) HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 

Trygonoptera ovalis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; S. coast of Western Aus. 32 24 S., 127 30 E. 

Range; W. & SW. Aus. to depths of 43 m. 

FC 00 038016 

T. PERSONATA Last &Gomon 1987 Masked 

Stingaree 

Urolophus sp. 2 HUTCHINS & THOMPSON 1983 

Urolophus sp. (part) HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 

Trygonoptera personata LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; W. Aus. 33 01 S., 115 10 E. 

Range;Bunbury to Shark Bay,W. Aus. inshore, down to 70 m. 

FC 00 038017 

Trygonoptera sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Yellow Shovelnose Stingaree 

Trygonoptera sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; 

Range;Abrolhos to Shark Bay, W.Aus. in 200 m. 

FC 00 038013 

Trygonoptera sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Shovelnose Stingaree 

Urolophus testaceus SCOTT et.al. 1980 (non M. & H. 1841) 

Trygonoptera sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; 

Range; S.E.Aus.,Victoria & N.S.W. Not Tasmania. Down to 120 m. or more 

FC 00 038014 

Genus UROTRYGON Gill 1863 

Urotrygon GILL 1863, type Urotrygon mundus GILL 1863 

Urolophus GUNTHER 1871 (non M. & H. 1841 ), type Urolophus chilensis GUNTH. 1871 

U. MUNDUS Gill 1863 Shortfin Round 

Stingray 

160

Urotrygon mundus GILL 1863 t/l; Pacific Coast of Panama 

Range; Eastern Pac., Mexico to Panama 

U. CHILENSIS (Gunther) 1871 Thorny Round 

Stingray 

Urolophus chilensis GUNTH. 1871 t/l; Chile 

Range; Chile 

U. ASPIDURUS (Jord. & Gilb.) 1883 Roughtail Round 

Stingray 

Urolophus aspidurus JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l; Panama Bay 

Range;Panama Bay. 

U. ASTERIAS (Jord. & Gilb.) 1883 Starry Round 

Stingray 

Urolophus asterias J. & G. 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico 

Urolophus goodei JORD. & BOLLMAN 1890 t/l;South of Pearl I.,Panama Bay. 

Urolophus sp. KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 t/l; Trop. E. Pac. 

Urotrygon caudispinosus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Independencia Bay, Peru 

Urotrygon peruanus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Paita Bay, Peru 

Urotrygon serrula HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Lobos de Tieera Bay, Peru 

Range; Eastern Pacific;Panama to Peru. 

Revision of McEachran ( 1986 ) se Z/R. 1986/1987 ref: 4687 

U. ROGERSI (Jord. & Starks) 1895 Lined Round Stingray 

Urolophus rogersi JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico 

Urotrygon binghami BREDER 1926 t/l; Mouth of River Colorado,Gulf of California 

Range; E. Pacific. West coast of Mexico. 

U. MICROPHTHALMUM Delsman 1941 Small-eyed Round Stingray 

Urotrygon microphthalmum DELSMAN 1941 t/l; Mouth of thre Amazon 

Range; off Amazon & Surinam. 

U. VENEZUELAE Schultz 1949 Venezuela Round Stingray 

Urotrygon venezuelae SCHULTZ 1949 t/l; Gulf of Venezuela 

Range; G. of Venezuela. 

U. NANA Miyake & McEachran 1988 Dwarf Round Stingray 

Urotrygon sp. 1 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l; Chiapas coast, Mexico. 

Urotrygon nana MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E. Pac.; Sinaloa, Mexico. 

Range; W. & SW. Coast of Mexico 

U. RETICULATA Miyake & McEachran 1988 Reticulate Round Stingray 

Urotrygon sp. 2 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l; Gulf of Panama 

Urotrygon reticulata MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E.Pacific. 

Range; Gulf of Panama. 

U. SIMULATRIX Miyake & McEachran 1988 Stellate Round Stingray 

Urotrygon sp. 3 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l;Panama Bay 

Urotrygon simulatrix MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E.Pacific. 

Range;Panama Bay. 

Family PLESIOBATIDAE 

161

Genus PLESIOBATIS Nishida 1991 

Plesiobatis NISHIDA 1991, type Urotrygon daviesi WALLACE 1967 

P. DAVIESI (Wallace ) 1967 Giant 

Stingaree 

Urotrygon daviesi WALLACE 1967 t/l; Mozambique Channel, off Limpopo River. 

Urotrygon sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 

? Urolophus marmoratus HU, CHU & LI 1981 n. sp. (non PHILIPPI 1892 ) t/l; South China Sea. 

(this name is a junior homonym of Urolophus marmoratus PHILIPPI 1892 for an intended new 

species, not a synonym.) 

Range; off East coast of Southern Africa; N.E. & N.W. Australia; Hawaiian Is.; South of Japan to 

Taiwan. ? S. China Sea. In depths of 350-680 m. 

FC 00 038023 

Family POTAMOTRYGONIDAE 

Genus PARATRYGON Dumeril 1865 

Paratrygon DUMERIL 1865, type Trygon aiereba MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (non AIEREBA 

Marcgrave) by monotypy. 

Disceus GARMAN 1877, type Disceus thayeri GARMAN 1913 

Ellipesurus RIBEIRO 1907 (part) 

? Elipesurus GARMAN 1913 (part) 

P. AIEREBA ( Mueller & Henle ) 1841 Discusray; Raya 

Grande 

Trygon aiereba MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (non AIEREBA Marcgrave) t/l; Rio Amazon, Brazil. 

Trygon strogylopterus (sic) SCHOMBERGK 1843 (assumed lapsus for strongylopterus) 

Trygon strongyloptera GUNTHER 1870 (emendation) 

Disceus thayeri GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio Para & Manaos, Brazil. 

Range; Widely distributed throughout the Amazon & Orinoco systems. 

Genus POTAMOTRYGON Garman 1877 

Taenura (sic) CASTELNAU 1855 (lapsus) 

Toenura (sic) CASTELNAU 1855 (lapsus) 

Potamotrygon GARMAN 1877, type Trygon histrix MUELLER & HENLE 

( in D'ORBIGNY 1834 ) by subsequent designation of Jordan 1919. 

Ellipesurus RIBEIRO 1907 (part) 

Potamotrigon (sic) MILES 1947 (lapsus) 

Potomotrygon (sic) CASTEX 1964 (lapsus) 

Potamotrygan (sic) CASTEX 1964 (lapsus) 

Potamotriygon (sic) ACHENBACH 1971 (lapsus) 

P. HISTRIX (Mueller & Henle in D' Orbigny)1834 Porcupine or Mottled River Stingray; 

Raya negra. 

Trygon histrix MUELLER & HENLE in D'Orbigny 1834 (illustration ) t/l;Buenos Aires, Argentina 

Trygon hystrix MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (text) (part) t/l;Buenos Aires (type locality restricted) 

non Potamotrygon nistrix (sic) McCORMICK et.al 1963 (illus.) 

Range; La Plata and Lower Rio Parana, Argentina 

162

P. MOTORO (Natterer in Mueller & Henle)1841 Ocellate or Orange-spot River Stingray; 

Raia motoro, boro, raya maca (vernaculars, Brazil) raya overa,raya pintada, yavevi-guazu 

(vernaculars,Argentina and Paraguay). 

Raja motoro NATTERER in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; RioCuiaba,Mato Grosso, Brazil. 

Trygon (Taenura) muelleri CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Crixas and Rio Araguaia, Brazil 

Potamotrygon laticeps GARMAN 1913 t/l; Tefe and Obidos,Rio Amazonas. 

Potamotrygon circularis GARMAN 1913 (part) t/l;Rio Coari. 

Range; Widespread in tropical & subtropical South America throughout Orinoco, Amazon and La 

Plata systems. 

P. ORBIGNYI (Castelnau) 1855 Smoothback River 

Stingray 

Trygon (Taenura) d'orbignyi CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Tocantins, Brazil 

Toenura orbignyi CASTELNAU 1855 

Trygon reticulatus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Surinam 

Range; Wide distribution in Amazon, Orinoco and Guiana river systems. 

P. DUMERILI (Castelnau) 1855 Anglespot River 

Stingray 

Trygon (Taenura) dumerilii CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Araguaia, Brazil 

Range; Rio Araguaia, Brazil. Lower Parana and Paraguay rivers. 

P. HENLEI (Castelnau) 1855 Bigtooth River Stingray; Arraia de fogo 

Trygon (Taenura) henlei CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Tocantins, Brazil 

Range; Tocantins,Araguaia and Para systems,Brazil. 

P. MAGDALENAE (Valenciennes in Dumeril ) 1865 Magdalena River Stingray 

Taeniura magdalenae VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1865 t/l;Rio Magdalena, Colombia. 

Range;Rio Magdalena and Atrato, Northern Colombia. 

P. BRACHYURA (Gunther) 1880 Short-tailed River Stingray; Chucho de rio 

(Uruguay); Yavevih, yabebi, raya bobo (Argentina and Paraguay); raya grande (Brazil). 

Trygon brachyurus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Buenos Aires, Argentina 

Potamotrygon brumi DEVICENZI & TEAGUE 1942 t/l; Isla Queguay Grande, Rio Uruguay 

Potamotrygon bruni TANIUCHI 1982 (lapsus) 

Range; Rio Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay and La Plata. 

P. CONSTELLATA (Vaillant ) 1880 Thorny River Stingray 

Taeniura constellata VAILLANT 1880 t/l; Calderao (Calderon), Upper Amazon, Brazil. 

Potamotrygon circularis GARMAN 1913 (part) (Tefe,Upper Amazon, Brazil) 

Range; Upper Amazon from Colombia border to Manaos, Brazil. Rio Arata, Southern Colombia. 

P. OCELLATA (Engelhardt) 1912 Redblotched River Stingray 

Trygon hystrix var. ocellata ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l;South coast of Mexiana I., mouth of the 

Amazon.Brazil and Macapa, Rio Araguari mouth near Amazon mouth. 

Range; Known only from the type locality. 

P. SIGNATA Garman 1913 Parnaiba River Stingray 

Potamotrygon signatus GARMAN 1913 t/l;San Goncallo, Rio Parnaiba,Piaui, Brazil. 

Range; Rio Parnaiba,Piaui, Brazil. 

P. SCOBINA Garman 1913 Raspy River Stingray 

Potamotrygon scobina GARMAN 1913 t/l;Cameta,Rio Tocantins, Brazil. 

Range;Middle & Lower Amazon system from Manaos to Belem. 

P. HUMEROSA Garman 1913 Roughback River Stingray 

163

Potamotrygon humerosus GARMAN 1913 t/l;Monte Alegre,R.Amazon,Para, Brazil. 

Range; Lower Amazon & Para systems from Tapajos to Amazon mouth. 

P. SCHROEDERI Yepez 1957 Rosetted River Stingray; Raya guacamaya 

Potamotrygon schroederi YEPEZ 1957 t/l;Boca Apurito, Rio Apure, Brazil. 

Range; R.Orinoco and R.Negro from headwaters to Manaos. 

P. FALKNERI (Castex in) Castex and Maciel 1963 Largespot River Stingray; 

Raya reticulada, raya fina, raya pititi 

Potamotrygon vistrix CASTEX 1963 (lapsus for histrix) 

Potamotrygon hystrix CASTEX 1963 (non MUELLER & HENLE) 

Potamotrygon falkneri CASTEX 1963 t/l;Puerto de Santa Fe,Rio Parana, Argentina 

Potamotrygon menchacai ACHENBACH 1967 t/l;Rio Colastine, Parana system,Santa Fe,Argentina. 

Range; N.E. Argentina, Central Paraguay and West Brazil in La Plata system. 

P. SCHUEMACHERI Castex 1964 Parana River Stingray 

Potamotrygon schuemacheri CASTEX 1964 t/l; Rio Colastine Sur, Lower Parana, Santa Fe, 

Argentina 

Range; Known only from the holotype. 

P. CASTEXI Castello & Yagolkowski 1969 Vermiculate River Stingray; Raya acordonada 

Potamotrygon castexi CASTELLO & YAGOLKOWSKI 1969 t/l;Rosario,Rio Parana, Argentina. 

Potamotrygon nistrix McCORMICK, ALLEN & YOUNG 1963 (illus.) (lapsus) 

Range;Lower Parana and Paraguay systems. R. Guapore in Upper Amazon system. Possibly Rio 

Trombetas in Lower Amazon system. 

P. LEOPOLDI Castex & Castello 1970 Whiteblotched or Polkadot River Stingray 

Potamotrygon leopoldi CASTEX & CASTELLO 1970 t/l; Upper Rio Xingu, Brazil 

Range; Probably endemic to Xingu system. 

P. YEPEZI Castex & Castello 1970 Maracaibo River Stingray 

Potamotrygon yepezi CASTEX & CASTELLO 1970 t/l; Rio Palmar, R.Maracaibo 

system,Venezuela. 

Range; R.Maracaibo system 

Potamotrygon sp. A RICARDO ROSA 1985 cf. motoro Material from the Rio Solimoes (Upper 

Amazon) and the Ucayali from Contamana, Peru to Obidos, Brazil. May be an intraspecific variant of 

motoro or a new species. 

Potamotrygon sp. B RICARDO ROSA 1985 cf. motoro / ocellata. Material from Rio Corantijn, 

Surinam 

Possible morph of motoro or ocellata. 

Potamotrygon sp. no. 1 MARCELO CARVALHO AMNH Holotype 

Genus PLESIOTRYGON Rosa,Castello & Thorsen 1987 

Plesiotrygon ROSA, CASTELLO & THORSEN 1987 type Plesiotrygon iwamae ROSA et. al. 1987 

P. IWAMAE Rosa et al 1987 Longtail River 

Stingray 

Plesiotrygon iwamae ROSA,CASTELLO & THORSEN 1987 t/l; Upper Amazon,Brazil 

Range; Upper and Middle Amazon of Ecuador & Brazil. 

POTAMOTRYGONIDAE new species ISHIHARA & TANIUCHI 1995. Unnamed genus & species 

164

from the Rio Orinoco, exact locality not known, taken by a local fisherman in 1990. 

Holotype MTUF 26895 at Tokyo University of Fisheries. 

INDETERMINATE SPECIES 

RAJA ORBICULARIS Bloch & Schneider 1801 

Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648 (Brazil ) Nat. Hist. of Brazil. This is not a Potamotrygonid, but an 

unidentifiable marine species of the genus Dasyatis. 

Aiereba brasiliensibus JONSTON 1649 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648). 

Raja ajereba WALBAUM 1792 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648). (Inadmissible work in Zoology) 

Raja orbicularis BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648). 

PASTINACA HUMBOLDTI Dumeril 1865 

Pastenague de Humboldt ROULIN 1829 (Illustration.) 

Pastinaca humboldtii DUMERIL 1865 

Trygon garrapa SCHOMBURGK 1843 Sp. indet. 

Elipesurus spinicauda SCHOMBURGK 1843. New genus and species but regarded by most 

authors as indeterminable. 

Potamotrygon africana ARAMBOURG 1947 Sp. indet. based on caudal spines from fossil 

palaeo-environments in Nanoropus ,Ethiopia. 

Potamotrygon labratoris CASTEX 1963 Invalid name. 

Potamotrygon pauckei CASTEX 1963 t/l; Rio Parana, Santa Fe, Argentina. Invalid name. 

Potamotrygon alba CASTEX 1963 Sp. indet. Fossil. 

Raja brasiliensis MUELLER & HENLE 1841. This is a nom. dub. in Rajidae which may or may 

not involve the indeterminate Dasyatid marine species Aiereba MARCGRAVE. 

165

FAMILY GYMNURIDAE 

(Butterfly Rays; Diamond Rays) 

Genus GYMNURA Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823 

Subgenus GYMNURA Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823 

Pteryplatea FABIUS COLUMNA 1616 

Gymnura KUHL & VAN HASSELT 1823 type Raja micrura BL. & SCHN. 1801 (Precludes 

LESSON 1827; Horsfield & Vigors 1827; Nuttall 1834 & Muller & Henle 1837 ) 

Pteroplatea M. & H. 1837, type Raja altavela LINN. 

? Ceratoptera DAY 1878 (non M.& H.1841 = Manta BANCROFT ), type Ceratoptera ehrenbergi 

DAY . Probable malformed specimen of Gymnura poecilura (SHAW) 

Pteroplataea ALCOCK 1892 (emendation) 

Planerocephalus GRATZIANOW 1906 (n.n. for Ceratoptera DAY, preocc. by M.&H. 1841 = Manta 

BANCROFT ) type, Planerocephalus ellioti GRATZIANOW 1906 

Phanerocephalus GRATZIANOW 1906 (emendation). 

G. ALTAVELA ( Linn.) 1758 Giant Butterfly Ray; Spiny Butterfly Ray. 

Pastinaca marina altera [Pteryplatea] Altavela dicta FABIUS COLUMNA 1616 

Pastinaca marina altera WILLUGHBY 1686 

Raja altavela LINN. 1758 (Mediterranean) 

Raja pastinaca var. b altavela LINN. 1766 t/l; Oceano Europaeo 

Raja altavela var. b GMELIN 1789 

Dasyatis altavilla RAFINESQUE 1810 

Raja maclura LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; Newport, Rhode Island 

Le Pastinaque de Fabius Columnae BLAINV. 1825 

Pteroplatea canariensis VALENCIENNES 1843 t/l; Canary Is. 

Pteroplatea valenciennii DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Pteroplatea binotata LUNEL 1879 

Pteroplatea vaillanti ROCHEBRUNE 1880 t/l; "Barre du Senegal", Cape Blanco, Senegambia. 

Dasyatis attavilla GARMAN 1913 (lapsus in synonymy) 

Range;Eastern Atlantic;Mediterranean; Madeira & Canaries south to Congo. 

Western Atlantic; Southern New England south to Rio de la Plata, Brazil 

G. MICRURA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Lesser Butterfly Ray; Smooth Butterfly Ray; Shorttailed 

Butterfly Ray 

Raja micrura BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Surinam. 

Trygonobatus microurus BLAINV. 1816 ) (n. nud.) 

Range; Western Atlantic; Brazil to Chesapeake Bay and occasionally to New England. Coastal. 

Nominally from tropical West Africa. Other refs. doubtful. 

G. POECILURA ( Shaw ) 1804 Long-tailed Butterfly Ray 

Tenkee Kunsal or Kunsua RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India 

Raja poecilura SHAW 1804 (on RUSSELL 1803 ) t/l; Coromandel Coast of India. 

Pastinaca kunsal CUVIER 1829 (on RUSSELL 1803) 

Trygon kunsua CUVIER 1829 

Pteroplatea annulata SWAINSON 1839 (on RUSSELL 1803) 

Pteroplatea japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan. 

? Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1878 ( non M. & H. 1841 = Manta ) t/l; Madras. 

166

? Astrape dipterygia DAY 1888 (non Rhinobatus dipterygia BL.& SCHN. 1801= Narke ). Founded 

on same example as C. ehrenbergi DAY 1878. 

Planerocephalus ellioti GRATZIANOW 1906 (on Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1878, new name, as 

it is preocc. by M. & H. in Manta BANCROFT ) 

Range; Red Sea to Japan , Indonesia, Philippines & Polynesia. 

G. HIRUNDO ( Lowe ) 1843 Madeira Butterfly Ray 

Pteroplatea hirundo LOWE 1843 t/l; Madeira 

Range; Madeira; S.Brazil. Dubious species. 

G. MARMORATA (Cooper) 1863 Marbled Butterfly Ray 

Pteroplatea marmorata COOPER 1863 t/l; San Diego, California 

Pteroplatea crebripunctata PETERS 1869 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Pteroplatea rava JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Pteroplatea afuerae HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Lobos de Afuera I., Peru. 

Range; Eastern Pacific; San Diego to Peru. 

G. BIMACULATA (Norman) 1925 Twinspot Butterfly Ray 

Pteroplatea bimaculata NORMAN 1925 t/l; Yenting,Chekiang,China. 

Pteroplatea jordani CHU 1930 t/l; Ningpo Fish Market, China.From East China Sea 

Gymnura crooki FOWLER 1933 t/l; Kowloon, China. 

Range; Japan;E. & S. China; Taiwan. 

Subgenus AETOPLATEA 

Aetoplatea M.& H. 1841, type Aetoplatea tentaculata VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841 

Aetoplatia AGASSIZ 1846 (emendation ) 

G. TENTACULATA (Valenciennes in M. & H.) 1841 Tentacled Butterfly Ray 

G. tentaculata tentaculata (VALENCIENNES in M.& H.) 1841 

Aetoplatea tentaculata VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Red Sea & Malabar Coast, India 

Range; Red Sea to Malabar Coast of India. 

G. tentaculata australis (RAMSAY & OGILBY ) 1885 Australian Tentacled Butterfly Ray 

Pteroplatea australis RAMSAY & OGILBY 1885 t/l; Cape Hawke, N.S.W. 

Range; Tropical North Australia & Southern New Guinea from Pt. Hedland, NW. Australia to 

Northern New South Wales. 

FC 00 037001 

G. ZONURA (Bleeker ) 1852 Zonetail Butterfly 

Ray 

Aetoplatea zonurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java 

Range; India to Indonesia. 

G. NATALENSIS (Gilchrist & Thompson) 1911 Natal Butterfly Ray 

Pteroplatea natalensis GILCHRIST & THOMPSON 1911 t/l; Natal , S. Africa. 

Range; Natal, South Africa. 

FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE 

Eagle Rays 

Genus MYLIOBATIS Cuvier 1817 

? Ictaetus RAFINESQUE 1815 (n. nud.) atypic. 

Myliobatis CUVIER 1817 type Raja aquila LINN. 1758 

Myliobates CUVIER 1822 (emendation) 

167

Aetobatis BLAINV. 1825 (non Aetobatus BLAINV. 1816 ) type R. aquila LINN. 

Pastinaca GRAY 1854 (included R.aquila LINN.) 

Holorhinus GILL 1862 type Rhinoptera vespertilio GIRARD 1856 (non Myliobatis vespertilio 

BLEEKER 1852) 

Aetobatus McCULLOCH 1911 (part) 

Leiobatus LAHILLE 1921 (non KLEIN 1775; non RAF. 1810; non BLKR. ) 

Ptychacanthus (Ptychopleurus) AGASSIZ 1837 type Ptychacanthus (Ptychopleurus ) faujaisii 

AGASSIZ 1837. Fossil. 

Bates PROBST 1877, type Bates spectabilis PROBST 1877. Fossil. 

aquila group 

(shortnose group) 

aquila subgroup 

M. AQUILA (Linn.) 1758 Eastern Atlantic Tipsnout Brown Eagle Ray 

Aquila marina BELON 1553 

Aquila SALVIANI 1554 

Pastinaca marina MATTHIOLI 1565 

Raia sp. no. 5 ARTEDI 1738 

Raja aquila LINN. 1758 t/l; Mediterranean. 

La Mourine DUHAMEL 1782 

Myliobatis noctula BONAPARTE 1833 t/l; Italy 

Whip Ray YARRELL 1836 

Myliobatis cervus J.LB. SMITH 1935 t/l; Natal & Cape Agulhas, S. Africa 

Range; From Mediterranean (and occasionally as far north as England, Scotland and S.Norway) 

south to Natal, S. Africa 

californicus subgroup 

M. CALIFORNICUS Gill 1865 California Cleftnose Eagle Ray; Black Bat Ray 

Rhinoptera vespertilio GIRARD 1856 (non Myliobatis vespertilio BLKR. 1852 ) t/l; Tomales Bay, 

California 

Myliobatis californicus GILL 1865 (new name for above) t/l; Port San Bartholome and Santa Maria 

Bay, Lower California. 

? Rhinoptera encenadae SMITH 1886 t/l; Encenada, Baja California. Problematical form with 

abnormal dentition. Position dubious. 

Range; Cape San Mendocino, California to Magdalena Bay, Lower California. Occasionally reaches 

Oregon. 

M. GOODEI Garman 1885 Brazilian Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis goodei GARMAN 1885 t/l; Atlantic coast of central America. 

Range; Western Atlantic from the La Plata estuary to Panama. Possibly further north. 

M. PERUVIANUS Garman 1913 Peruvian Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis peruvianus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Payta and Callao, Peru 

Range; Peru. 

tenuicaudatus subgroup 

M. TENIUCAUDATUS Hector 1877 Roundnose Crossband Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis aquila GUNTH. 1870 (non LINN.) 

Myliobatis tenuicaudatus HECTOR 1877 t/l; Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. 

Myliobatis australis MACLEAY 1881 t/l; Pt. Jackson, NSW. 

Range; Southern half of Australia from S. Queensland to S. W. Australia; New Zealand 

FC 00 039001 

( Garman 1913, suggested that this species may belong in Pteromylaeus ) 

168

M. HAMLYNI Ogilby 1911 Roundnose Purple Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis hamlyni OGILBY 1911 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland, Aus. 

Range; S. Queensland and off N.W.Aus. 

FC 00 039004 

freminvillei group 

(longnose group) 

M. FREMINVILLEI LeSueur 1824 Western Atlantic Longnose Eagle Ray 

? Raja bonasus MITCHILL 1815 

Myliobatis freminvillii LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; Rhode Island 

Myliobatis bispinosus STORER 1842 t/l; Holmes Hole, Massachusetts. 

Myliobatis acuta AYRES 1842 t/l; Long Island, New York 

Range; Massachusetts to mid-Brazil, on the continental coast. 

M. TOBIJEI Bleeker 1857 Japanese Longnose Eagle Ray; Kite Ray 

Myliobatis aquila SCHLEGEL 1850 ( non LINN. ) Japan 

Myliobatis tobijei BLEEKER 1857 t/l; Nagasaki 

Myliobatis cornuta GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Japan 

Range; Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan. 

M. LONGIROSTRIS Applegate & Fitch 1964 California Longnose Eagle Ray 

Mylibatis longirostris APPLEGATE & FITCH 1964 t/l; Baja California. 

Range; Baja California. 

UNGROUPED 

M. RHOMBUS Basilewsky 1855 Rhombic Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis rhombus BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; off Peking, China. Definitely not tobijei 

Problematical form known only from a single specimen. 

M. CHILENSIS Philippi 1892 Chilean Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis chilensis PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile 

Range; Chile Original description based on an abnormal specimen, recently validated as a species. 

Genus AETOMYLAEUS Garman 1908 

Aetomylus GARMAN 1908 type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834 

Aetomyleus SHARP 1908 (emendation ), type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834 

Aetomylaeus GARMAN 1913 (emendation ,) type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834 

A. NICHOFII (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Banded Unspined Eagle Ray 

Zee-Vlermuis NIEUHOF 1682 (Gadenk.Reiz.vol.1, p. 278) (East Indies) 

Raia nichofiii BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Nieuhof 1682) 

Mookarah Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India (on WILLUGHBY 1686 ) 

Raja fasciata SHAW 1804 (on RUSSELL 1803 ) 

Myliobatis nieuhowii CUVIER 1817 (emendation) (on WILLUGHBY 1686) 

Myliobatis nieuhofii M. & H. 1841 (emendation) (Pondicherry & Malabar, India; New Holland) 

Raia macrocephala (PARKINSON) RICHARDSON 1846 ( Name in synonymy.) 

Myliobatis nieuhofi var. cornifera ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; India. 

169

Range; West coast of India to Southern Japan & south to Northern Australia. 

FC 00 039002 

A. MACULATUS (Gray) 1834 Ocellate Unspined Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis cyclurus KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n.nud.) t/l;Java. 

Myliobatis maculatus GRAY in HARDWICKE 1834 t/l;Penang 

Range; Ceylon to Western Indonesia. 

A. MILVUS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1841 Plain Unspined Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis milvus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Red Sea 

Myliobatis vultur MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; China 

Myliobates oculeus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Canton, China. 

Range; Red Sea to China, Indonesia and Philippines 

A. VESPERTILIO (Bleeker) 1852 Reticulate Ornate Unspined Eagle Ray 

Myliobatis milvus CANTOR 1849 (non M.& H. 1841) 

Myliobatis vespertilio BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java. 

Range;North of Java; Penang;off Northern Terr., Aus. 

FC 00 039005 

A. HULETTI J.L.B. Smith 1965 Blackbanded Unspined Eagle Ray 

Aetomylus huletti J.L.B. SMITH 1965 t/l; Zululand, S. Africa. 

Range; Zululand (Known only from type locality) Aetomylus huletti appears to belong to 

Myliobatis judging by the figure in Smith 1965, but lacks tailspine. This may be a valid species. 

A. RETICULATUS Deng Reticulate Unspined Eagle Ray 

Aetomylaeus reticulatus DENG (unpublished new sp.) t/l; Taiwan 

Range; Taiwan. 

Genus PTEROMYLAEUS Garman 1913 

Myliobatis ST. HILAIRE 1809(but published 1817) ( non CUV. ) type Myliobatis bovina ST.. 

HILAIRE 1817 

Pteromylaeus GARMAN 1913 type Myliobatis bovina ST. HILAIRE 1817 

P. BOVINUS (St. Hilaire )1817 Palestriped Bullray 

Myliobatis bovina ST.HILAIRE (1809) (1817) ( 1827) t/l; off Alexandria, Egypt. 

Myliobates episcopus VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canary Is., Algiers. 

Myliobatis bonaparti DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Mediterranean coast of Algeria; Canary Is. 

Range; African coast of Mediterranean & warm E. Atlantic south to east coast of S. Africa. 

P. PUNCTATUS (Maclay & Macleay) 1885 Spotted Bullray 

Myliobatis punctatus MACLAY & MACLEAY 1885 t/l; Admiralty & Lub or Hermit Island. 

Range; Melanesia 

P. ASPERRIMUS (Jordan & Evermann) 1898 Roughskin Bullray 

Myliobatis asperrimus GILBERT in JORD. & EV. 1898 t/; Panama Bay. 

Range; Panama Bay. 

170

Genus AETOBATUS Blainville 1816 

Raja EUPHRASEN 1790 (part) 

Raja BL. & SCHN. 1801 for Raja narinari EUPHRASEN and R. flagellum BL. & SCHN. 

Aetobatus BLAINV. 1816 type Raja narinari EUPHRASEN 1790 

Aetobatis BLAINV. 1816 (non BLAINV. 1825 ) 

Myliobatis CUV. 1817 (part) for Raja narinari 

Aetobates RICHARDSON 1846 (emendation) 

Stoasodon CANTOR 1849 type R. narinari 

Aetobatys DUMERIL 1856 (emendation) 

Goniobatis AGASSIZ 1859 type Goniobatis meleagris AG. 1859 

A. NARINARI (Euphrasen) 1790 White-spotted Duckbill Ray 

Narinari brasiliensibus MARCGRAVE 1648 Nat. Hist. of Brazil t/l; Brazil 

Whip Ray BROOKES 1763 

Narinari BLOCH 1786 t/l; Brazil. 

Raja narinari EUPHRASEN 1790 (on MARCGRAVE ) t/l; St. Bartholomew's Island, W.Indies. 

Raie aigle LACEPEDE 1798 (part) 

Raie de Commerson LACEPEDE 1798 t/l; "Isle de France" (= Mauritius) & Madagascar. 

Raie narinari SONNINI 1802 t/l; Brazil & Guiana 

Raja ocellata RUSSELL 1803 (India) Specimen lacking tailspine 

Eel Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 Coromandel coast of India. 

Raja guttata SHAW 1804 (non BL. & SCHN. 1801 = Dasyatis )"Madagascar, Coromandel & Brazil. 

Partially spotted variant 

? Aetobatus sinensis BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Aetobatus filicaudatus BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.) 

? Aetobatus forsteri BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.) 

Raia quinqueaculeata QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 

Myliobatis eeltenkee RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda & Massaua, Red Sea (teeth only) 

Aetobatis indica SWAINSON 1839 ( on RUSSELL 1803) 

Myliobatis macroptera McCLELLAND 1841 t/l; Bengal 

Raja edentula LICHTENSTEIN 1844 (non BRUNNICH 1768 ) t/l; Tanna, Tahiti. 

La Mourine narinari CANTOR 1849 t/l; Malay Pen. 

Goniobatis meleagris AGASSIZ 1859 t/l; Hawaiian Is. 

Aetobatis latirostris DUMERIL 1861 t/l; Gaboon. W. Africa. 

Aetobatus laticeps GILL 1865 t/l; California. 

Aetobatis guttata ANNANDALE 1909 

Eagle Ray MITCHELL-HEDGES 1937 (Honduras) 

Pteromylaeus sp. WALFORD 1937 

Mexican Eagle WALFORD 1937 

Aetobatus punctatus WHIT. 1940 (non MACLAY & MACLEAY ) Aus. 

Range; W. Atl.; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil to New Jersey,USA. 

E. Atl.; off Trop West Africa. 

E. Pac. Baja California to Ecuador 

Indo-Pacific; Red Sea to S. Africa,Mauritius and Madagascar. East to 

171

Japan,Melanesia,N.S.W.,Australia; Fiji; Hawaii and Society Islands in 

Polynesia.Essentially cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters. 

FC 00 039003 

A. FLAGELLUS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Plain Duckbill Eagle Ray 

Raja flagellum BL.& SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel 

Range; Red Sea to China & Indonesia. Also Senegal, West Africa & Hawaii. 

FAMILY RHINOPTERIDAE 

Cow-Nosed Rays 

Genus RHINOPTERA Cuvier 1829 

Myliobatis ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non CUVIER) type Myliobatis marginata ST. HIL. 1817 

Rhenoptera KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) 

Rhinoptera KUHL & Van HASSELT 1824 (n. nud.) 

Rhinoptera CUVIER 1829 type Myliobatis marginata ST. HILAIRE 1817 

Zygobatis AGASSIZ 1838 type Myliobatis jussieui CUVIER 1829 

Zygobates AGASSIZ 1843 (emendation) 

Trikeras HARLESS 1849 (no type) 

Mylorhina GILL 1865 type Rhinoptera lalandii M. & H. 1841 

Micromesus GILL 1865 type Rhinoptera adspersa M. & H. 1841 

Trycera DODERLEIN 1884 (Koch MS.) type Myliobatis typica (KOCH MS) = M. marginata 

ST. HILAIRE 

Rhenoptera WHITLEY 1940 type Rhinoptera neglecta OGILBY 1912 

R. BONASUS (Mitchill) 1815 Western Atlantic Cownose Ray 

Raja bonasus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York. 

Raja quadriloba LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New Jersey. 

? Rhinoptera lalandii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil 

Range; New York to Florida & N. coast of Cuba. 

Venezuela to Brazil if R. lalandii a synonym. 

R. MARGINATA (St. Hilaire) 1817 Lusitanian Cownose Ray 

Myliobatis marginata ST. HILAIRE 1817 t/l; off Egypt. 

Myliobatis typica (KOCH MS.) DODERLEIN 1884 

Range; Mediterranean; S. Spain to equatorial West Africa. 

R. BRASILIENSIS M.& H. 1841 Brazilian Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera brasiliensis MULLER 1835 (n.nud.) 

Rhinoptera brasiliensis M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil 

Rhinoptera jussieui GUNTH. 1870 (non CUVIER) t/l;Brazil 

Range; Known only from Rio deJaneiro & Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 

R. JAVANICA M. & H. 1841 Flapnose Ray; Javanese Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera javanica M. & H. 1841 t/l; Java. 

Rhinoptera smithii GRAY 1851 "Antarctic Seas." ( error ) 

Rhinoptera truncata (Van Hasselt) BLEEKER 1852 (East Indies). 

? Rhinoptera peli BLKR. 1863 t/l; Guinea 

? Rhinoptera affinis BLKR. 1863 t/l; Guinea (foetus) 

? Rhinoptera jayakari BOULENGER 1895 t/l; Muscat, Arabia. 

Range; Southern China to India & Ceylon. ? Off Arabia. ? Guinea, West Africa. 

172

R. ADSPERSA Valenciennes in M. & H. 1841 Rough Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera adspersa VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; India 

Range; India; Malay Peninsula. 

R. STEINDACHNERI Evermann & Jenkins 1892 Hawkray or Pacific Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera steindachneri EVERMANN & JENKINS 1892 t/l; Guayamas,Mexico. 

Range; Pacific coast of Mexico to Galapagos Is. 

R. NEGLECTA Ogilby 1912 Australian Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera javanica DE VIS 1885 (non M.& H.) 

Rhinoptera neglecta OGILBY 1912 t/l; Moreton Bay,Queensland. 

Range; Central Queensland to Northern New South Wales. 

FC 00 040001 

R. SEWELLI Misra 1947 Indian Cownose Ray 

Rhinoptera sewelli MISRA 1947 t/l; India. 

Range; India 

Species dubiae 

R. JUSSIEUI (Cuvier) 1829 

Myliobatis jussieui CUVIER 1829 (on JUSSIEU 1721 from China) 

R. POLYODON Gunther 1870 

Rhinoptera polyodon GUNTHER 1870 t/l; not known. 

Problematical form with abnormal dentition. 

R. HAINENSIS Chu 1960 

Rhinoptera hainensis CHU 1960 t/l; Hainan. 

Range; Off Hainan. 

173

FAMILY MOBULIDAE 

(Devil Rays; Ox Rays) 

Genus MOBULA Rafinesque 1810 

? Squalus BRUNNICH 1768 type Squalus edentulus BRUNNICH 1768 

? Aodon BOSC 1803, type Squalus messasa BONN. 1788 = Squalus massasa FORSKAL 1775 

(problematical) No loc. 

Mobula RAFINESQUE 1810 type Mobula auriculata RAF. 1810 = Raia mobular BONN. 1788 

? Aodon RAF. 1810 type Aodon cornutus RAF. 1810 ( ? = Aodon cornue LAC. 1798 ) 

Apterurus RAF. 1810 type Apterurus fabroni RAF. 1810 (emendation of Raja fabroniana LAC. 

1800 = Raja mobular BONNATERRE 1788 ) 

Cephalopterus RISSO 1810 type Raja giorna LAC. 1803 = Raja mobular BONNATERRE 1788. 

(Preoccupied by Cephalopterus ST. HILAIRE 1809 in Aves.) 

Apturus RAF. 1815 (Emendation of Apterurus RAF. 1810 

Dicerobatus BLAINV. 1816 type Raja mobular BONN., subsequent designation by Jordan 1917. 

Cephaloptera CUVIER 1817 type Raja cephaloptera BL. & SCHN. 1801 

Dicerobatis BLAINV. 1825 type Raja mobular BONN. 

Cephalopteram GRIFFITH & SMITH 1834 (lapsus ) 

Pterocephalus SWAINSON 1838 type Pterocephalus massena SWAINS. = Raia mobular BONN. 

Pterocephala SWAINSON 1839 type Raja giorna LAC. 1803 = Raja mobular 

Diarabatus JORD. & EV. 1896 (emendation of Dicerobatus BLAINV.), type Cephalopterus 

hypostomus BANCROFT 1831 

Aodon JORD. & EV. 1896 type Cephalopterus hypostomus BANCROFT 1831 

Ceratobatis BOULENGER 1897 type Ceratobatis robertsi BOULENGER 1897 = Mobula 

hypostoma. 

Indomanta WHITLEY 1936 type Indomanta tombazii WHIT. 1936 = Raja diabolus SHAW. 

NOT Anodon AGASSIZ 1846 (emendation), preoccupied by OKEN 1815 

M. MOBULAR (Bonnatere) 1788 Horned Ray; Ox Ray; Larger Devil Ray 

? Squalus edentulus BRUNNICH 1768 No locality. Probably Marseilles. (Specimen in Pisa 

Museum, dried head, no lower teeth.) 

Mobular DUHAMEL 1782 

Raie cornue DUHAMEL 1782 Specimen taken off Marseilles in 1723. 

Divil Fish PENNANT 1787 

Raia mobular BONNATERRE 1788 (on Duhamel) 

Raie mobular LACEPEDE 1798 (on Duhamel) 

? L'Aodon cornue LACEPEDE 1798 

Raja fabroniana LACEPEDE 1800 t/l; off Livorno, Italy. 

Raja cephaloptera BL. & SCHN. 1801 (on Duhamel) 

Raja giorna LAC. 1803 t/l; Nice, France. 

174

Raja diabolus SHAW 1804 (on DUHAMEL ) 

Grande Raie GIORNA 1805 (Med.) 

Mobula auriculata RAF. 1810 (on Raie mobular LAC.) 

Apterurus fabroni RAF. 1810 ( on LAC. ) ( n.nud.) 

? Aodon cornutus RAF. 1810 ( ? on LAC.) 

Cephalopterus giorna RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France. 

Cephalopterus massena RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France. 

Dicerobatus giornanus BLAINV. 1816 (n.nud.) 

Cephaloptera sp. THOMPSON 1835 

Ox Ray COUCH 1838 

Dicerobatis giornae GUNTH. 1870 

Cephaloptera edentula GRIFFINI 1903 t/l; Italy 

Range; Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic; Portugal to Senegal; Azores; Canaries. Occasionally 

north to S.W. Ireland. 

M. EREGOODOOTENKEE (Cuvier) 1829 Longfin Devilray 

? Squalus massasa FORSKAL 1775 t/l; No loc.? Red Sea. 

? Squalus messasa BONN. 1788 (on FORSKAL) 

? Raja banksiana LAC. 1800 

Eregoodoo Tenkee, Raja capito lato RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India 

Cephaloptera tatraniana KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (on RUSSELL) 

Raia (Cephaloptera) eregoodoo-tenkee CUVIER 1829 (on RUSSELL ) 

Cephaloptera eregoodoo BLEEKER 1852 

Dicerobatis monstrum KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Red Sea. 

Range; Red Sea to Indonesia & the Philippines,New Guinea , N. Aus. & New Hebrides. NOT East 

& South Africa. 

FC 00 041001 

M. HYPOSTOMA (Bancroft) 1831 Atlantic Lesser 

Devilray 

Cephalopterus hypostomus BANCROFT 1831 t/l; Jamaica. 

Cephaloptera olfersii MULLER 1834 t/l; Brazil. 

Cephaloptera massenoidea HILL 1862 t/l;Jamaica. 

Ceratobatis robertsii BOULENGER 1897 t/l; Jamaica. 

Cephaloptera massenoides GUDGER 1912 

Range; Western Atlantic ( coastal) N.Carolina to Brazil (occasionally Argentina) 

M. JAPANICA (M.& H.) 1841 Spinetail 

Devilray 

Cephaloptera japanica M.& H 1841t/l; Japan 

Cephaloptera japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Japan 

Mobula rancureli CADENAT 1959 t/l; Ivory Coast, W. Africa. 

Range; Japan to India; North Island of New Zealand; Hawaii; S. California to Ecuador; 

Guinea Coast of West Africa. 

FC 00 041002 

M. KUHLI (M.&H.) 1841 Shortfin 

Devilray 

Cephaloptera kuhlii VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841 t/l; India. 

Dicerobatis draco GUNTH. 1872 t/l; Misol I., Indonesia. 

Range; S. Africa to India & Indonesia. 

M. ROCHEBRUNEI (Vaillant) 1879 Blue Devilray; Lesser Guinean Devilray 

Cephaloptera (Dicerobatis) rochebrunei VAILLANT 1879 t/l; Senegal. 

Range; West Africa. 

175

Blue specimens allied to M. hypostoma. 

M. TARAPACANA (Philippi) 1892 Sicklefin 

Devilray 

Cephaloptera tarapacana PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile. 

Mobula coilloti CADENAT & RANCUREL 1960 t/l;Ivory Coast, W. Africa. 

Mobula formosana TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan. 

Mobula formosa WONGRATANA 1974 (lapsus for formosana) 

Range; Recorded from Chile; Baja California; Venezuela; S. Africa; Ivory Coast; Taiwan. 

M. THURSTONI (Lloyd) 1908 Bentfin Devilray; Smoothtail Devilray 

? Dicerobatis eregoodoo CANTOR 1849 (non CUVIER) t/l;Penang 

Dicerobatis thurstoni LLOYD 1908 t/l; Makran Coast, India & Oman. 

Mobula lucasana BEEBE & TEE-VAN 1938 t/l; Cape San Lucas, Baja California. 

Range; Circumtropical. Rec. from India to Gulf of Thailand; Oman; Natal, S. Africa; N. Queensland, 

Australia. Senegambia, W. Africa. Gulf of California to Costa Rica. 

FC 00 041003 

M. MUNKIANA Notarbartolo- Di- Sciara 1987 Pygmy Devilray 

Mobula munkiana NOTARBARTOLO- DI- SCIARA 1987 t/l; Baja California. 

Range; Baja California. 

MOBULA Sp. Dubia 

M. MANATIA (Lacepede) 1798 

Raia manatia LAC. 1798. Equatorial America. May be a Mobula or Manta. 

Raja manatia BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( on LAC. 1798) 

Genus MANTA Bancroft 1828 

Raja WALBAUM 1792 (part) for Raja birostris WALBAUM 1792 

(this referred to Diabolus marinus WILLUGHBY 1686 & Devil Fish CATESBY 1731 [Carolina], but 

also to Divil Fish PENNANT 1787 and Raie cornue DUHAMEL 1782, which equal Mobula) 

Cephalopterus MITCHILL 1824 (non RISSO) type Cephalopterus vampyrus MITCHILL 

Cephaloptera LeSUEUR 1824 ( non CUV.) type Cephaloptera giorna LeSUEUR (non LAC.) 

Manta BANCROFT 1828 type Manta americana BANCROFT 1828 = Cephalopterus manta 

BANROFT = Raja birostris WALB. 

Ceratoptera M.&H. 1837 type Ceratoptera johnii M.&H. 1837 = Cephaloptera giorna 

LeSUEUR 

Brachioptilon NEWMAN 1849 type Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849 

Diabolicthys HOLMES 1856 type Diabolicthys ellioti HOLMES 1856 

Deratoptera KREFFT 1868 ( error for Ceratoptera) type Deratoptera alfredi KREFFT 1868 

(n.nud.) 

Daemomanta WHITLEY 1932 type Manta alfredi STEAD 1906.Whitley considers Krefft 1868 a 

nomen nudum. 

Desmomanta FOWLER 1934 (misprint for Daemomanta) 

176

M. BIROSTRIS (Donndorff ) 1798 Manta Ray; Giant Devilray 

Diabolus marinus WILLUGHBY 1686 No loc. 

Devil Fish CATESBY 1731 Nat. Hist. of Carolina. t/l; Carolina. 

Raja birostris, rostro bifido WALBAUM 1792 (on WILLUGHBY 1686) (inadmissible work) 

Raja birostris DONNDORFF 1798 (on WALBAUM 1792) 

? La Raie manatia LAC. 1798 (Equatorial America) 

? Raja banksiana LAC. 1800 (East Indies) 

? Raja fimbriata LAC. 1802 (North Atlantic) 

? Raja manatia BL. & SCHN. 1801 (on LAC.) 

La raie frangee LAC. 1802 

Cephaloptera giorna LeSUEUR 1824 (non LAC.) t/l; Delaware Bay and Savannah, Georgia. 

Cephalopterus vampyrus MITCHILL 1824 t/l; Delaware Bay. 

Sea Devil LAMONT 1824 

Cephalopterus manta BANCROFT 1829 t/l; Jamaica 

Manta americana BANCROFT 1829 ( to replace Cephalopterus manta BANCROFT 

1829 ) 

Ceratoptera lesueurii SWAINSON 1839 ( on LESUEUR) 

Ceratoptera johnii M.&H. 1841 t/l; Jamaica. 

Ceratoptera ehrenbergi M. & H. 1841 t/l; Red Sea. 

Cephaloptera vampirus DeKAY 1842 t/l; New York. 

Cephaloptera diabolus VALENCIENNES 1843 ( non SHAW 1804 = Mobula ) North America. 

Cephaloptera sp. GOSSE 1845 ( Cuba) 

Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849 t/l; Gulf of California. 

Cephaloptera ellioti HOLMES 1854 t/l; S. Carolina. 

Deratoptera alfredi KREFFT 1868 (n. nud.) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW. 

Ceratoptera vampyrus GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Jamaica. 

Cephaloptera stelligera GUNTH. 1870 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) 

Ceratoptera STREETS 1877 (no sp. name) Gulf of California. 

Manta raya BAER 1899 t/l; Zorritos, Peru. 

Manta manatia FOWLER 1903 New Jersey. 

Mobula japonica JORD. & EV. 1895 (non M.&H. ) Honolulu. 

Ceratoptera orissa LLOYD 1908 t/l; Puri, Orissa. 

Manta alfredi STEAD 1908 Pt. Jackson, NSW. 

177

Sea Bat HOLDER 1908 

Pakoka PINCHOT 1930 ( Ua haka, Uaar Hat, Teuaua, Marquesas.) 

Dicerobatis eregoodoo TOMBAZI 1934 t/l; Cape Houza, Karachi. 

Indomanta tombazii WHITLEY 1936 (on TOMBAZI 1934) 

Manta ? banksiana WHITLEY 1936 t/l; Nauru & Solomon Islands. 

Manta pinchoti WHITLEY 1936 (on birostris FWLR. 1932) t/l; Marquesas. 

Manta fowleri WHITLEY 1936 (on birostris FWLR. 1927) t/l; Fanning I., Central Pacific. 

Manta pakoka WHITLEY 1936 (on PINCHOT 1930) t/l; Marquesas. 

Range;Eastern Atlantic; Madeira; Tropical west Africa from Senegal to Liberia. Western Atlantic; S. 

Carolina to Rio de Janeiro. Accidental to New England. Bermuda. Indo- Pacific; Red Sea south to 

Natal, east to Japan,Melanesia, NSW,Aus.,Fiji, Hawaii, Marquesas.Eastern Pacific; S. California to 

Peru. FC 00 041004 

This species is presently considered to be represented by a single worldwide species.If there are more 

than one the earliest names in each major ocean area are:- 

Raja birostris DONNDORFF 1798 Atlantic. 

Ceratoptera ehrenbergi M.& H. 1841 Red Sea. Indo-Pacific. 

Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849 Gulf of California Eastern Pacific. 

Deratoptera alfredi KREEFT 1868 Port Jackson , Australia. Should be dated from STEAD 1908, as 

KREFFT is a nomen nudum. 

ADDENDUM 

Rajidae 

Raja koreana JEONG & NAKABO 1997 t/l; Korea 

Ichthyological Research 44 ( 4) pp. 413-420 

178

A Classification of the Recent Elasmobranchii

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