ry rtu

t 

hb'1c rh 

taf,- z nn 3 ATriL 196, 

-ry rtu-

Graphis Scripta udgives af Nordisk Lichenologisk Forening, NLF. 

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HCO- tryk ISSN 0901--7593

Graphis Scripta 2: 8 1 -82n 1 989 . 

Utbredelsen av Graphis elegans 09 Buellia arnoldii i Norge 

81 

rngvald Rosberg, Norsk institutt for skogforskning, seksjon skogakologi, Boks 61 ' 

N-1 432 AS-NLH, Norge. 

Grap.his eleqans is shown to be guite cormon in south-western Norway- Buellia 

arnoldii is rePorted as new to Norway from one site in Hordaland: 0s. Distribution 

maps are Provided. 

I forbj-ndelse ned feltarbeid i hasselskog langs ytre Vestlandet fant.jeg GraDhis 

og Eueltia arnoldii, sistnevnte ny for Norge' G' eleqans r--Norge er 

"f"o"n" ilEfig;" iapportert a., JJi-g"tt""n (1984), santesson (1984) og Tansberg (1988)' 

craphis eleoans (SE,) Ach. 

Ittvalgrte eksemplarer (alle BG): 

iogiiina, lYsrrd, 1g?5, s. Bakkevig. llordaland: Asksv' 1984' H'H' BIon; - Bersen' 

tgil, t. Tonsberg 8822t - Ff,nlo' 1979, I. nosberg; - F!sa' 1985' H'H' Blom; - 0s' 

1982, A. Botnen, f. nasbers, D.o. Ovstedal & D' Aanlidr .- lYsnes' 1985' H'H' Blom' 

Slekta GIePhig lins overveiende i troPiske og subtloPiske st!6k og omfatt€r totalt 

ca. 280 iler tzahlbruckner 1925). Ettei Poelt (1959) e! det tle C8gpbE-arter 1Eu- 

ropa: G--ig]€g!a, c. scriota og g-ltrgEulE. G'.Fcripta har vi! utbredelse i EuroPa' 

r.i.s c]l*"r..t.-lare et ii6t i.ifr-ry"Lratto tpoett tsegl - Tta1ge Alrnborn (19{8) 

-c]-aG".* 

utbredt i-ae oseaniste strok av Europa, fla Portugal og sPania nord 

"i til De britiske syer og Oannart

82 

setnj,ngen for den artsrike lavfloraen. Her vi1 utvilsomt vare mye nytt e finne ogsi 

i framtida. 

Jeg vil takke Dag glav ovstedal og Tor Tonsberg, begge Bergen, for rid og hjelp 

under arbei

Graphis Scripta 2283-85 ' 1 989. 

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE LICHEN CHECKLIST OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN 

(N GERMANY) 

83 

Peter Jacobsen, Botanisches Institut der Universitet, 

Am Botanischen Garten 1-9 , D-2300 Kiel , l,Jest Germany . 

Some entries included in the lichen checklist of Schleswig-Holstein 

require comection. Additional f irst records are provided for 

Pacidia subfuscul?, Cangelariella rgfleTa, Haematomma elatinum, 

Rinodi@ and Sarcopvrenia gibba. - 

As part of the recent lichenological survey of the federal state, a first 

checklist of Schleswig-Ho1stein lichens has been produced at the Botanical 

Institute, University of KieI '(JACOBSEN 1988) . Some errata included in the 

Iist as well as some additional findings are reported below. 

Anisomeridium biforme (Borr. ) Harris was omitted from the checklist for 

. If one prefers to include this taxon, 

the comesponding records in EBICHSEN ( 1957 : 33 ) are found under Arthopyrenia 

biformis (Borr. ) Massal. 

Arthonia exilis auct. nojl!.I!ilnzi. The checklist entry of Arthonia exi- 

R. exilis auct. The apparently undescribed 

(at specific leve1) species has been recorded as "Arthonia cf. 

exilis" from many areas of northwestern Europe, including Denmark and northern 

Germany (C0PPINS 1983: 196 and pers. comm.); in HBG and KIEL it is 

represented by a number of specimens named "Allarthonia exilis" by Erichsen. 

More recently the species in question has been found near Neukirchen, MTB 

1632 (S9CHTING, pers, comm. ) , and near Duttebiill, MTB 1225, Jacobsen 1676. 

Becidia subfuscula (NvI. ) ffi Friedenstal , ffiB 1826: on pebbles near the 

memorial hiII, Jacobsen 2825, det. Coppins. The species is nominally new to 

the flora but could well be represented in herbarium material of doubtful 

identification. 

Buellia grigggvirets (TuIn, & Borr. eT Sm,) Almb. The name of this species 

- 

was given with an incomplete author citation. 

Caloplaca aurantia (Pers. ) Hellb . s . str. According to NORDIN (1972: 75) , 

of this species refer to the 

similar C. flavescens (Huds.) Laund. = C. heppiana (Mi111.Arg.) Zahlbr. with 

narrower and less appressed lobes. A11 known Schleswig-Holstein localities 

of C. aurantia s.Iat. - including some recently discovered have been 

visited during 1988, with the outcome that only C. flavescens could be 

detected. The checklist entry of C. aurantia s. str. is therefore incorrect 

and has to be deleted.

B4 

Candelariella reflexa (NyI.) Le Langstedt, MTB 1322: on Ulmus, Jacobsen 

chleswig-Holstein. The species has only 

recently been discovered in Denmark (SpCHTING & RAMKAER 1982: 178). It 

has probably been overlooked or confused with the similar C. xanthostigma 

(Ach. ) Lettau from which it differs by presence of corticate, sorediate 

squamules, in size of soredia , and often also by more citrine-green colour. 

A detailed comparison of the two species was provided by JAMES (197t: 129). 

Haematomma elatinum (Ach. ) Massal. Jerrishoer 

suU nomen 

Th.Fr.". The species has not previously been 

Holstein. 

Geholz, MTB t32t: on Quercus, 

"Lecidea pulveracea (Flke. ) 

reported from Schleswig- 

Porina borreri (Trevis . ) Hawksw. & P . James . The checklist entry of Porina 

o P. borreri, the correct name 

for the present taxon (HAWKShIORTH & aI. 1980) . 

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) 7opf. Due to a technical mistake this common 

under the name Parmelia furfuracea) was 

omitted from the checklist. It nowadays has a rather scattered distribution 

in Schleswig-Holstein but is locaIly abundant on acid bark. 

Rimularia furvella (N I. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold. No reference was glven 

concerning transfer to AENUS imularia; th-e rtew combination was made in 

HERTEL & RAMBoLD (1987). 

Rinodina t"ichophila (NvI .) Atn. Insel Fehmarn, Neuhof , ffiB 1532: horifence, 

Jacobsen 4507. The species has not 

previously been reported from Schleswig-Holstein. It is readily identified 

by its rather thick thallus and its large, Pachysporaria- and Mischoblastiatype 

spores (fig. 1) . 

Sarcopvrenia qibba Nyl. Wa1lsbul1, E of Flensburg , MTB tlzj: churchyard 

eI Fehmarn , Albertsdorf , ffiB 1532: mortar of a 

stone fence, Jacobsen 4525. RAMKAEB (1978) and SANTESSON (1984) do not mention 

this species from Denmark, Sweden or Norway, nor did ERICHSEN (1957) 

give a record from northern Germany. Although inconspicuous in outer appeaiance, 

S. gibba is unlikely to be confused with any other species because 

of its characteristic sporbs (fig. 2) and its perithecia possessing markedly 

depressed ostioles. 

Thelidium holsaticum (Erichs.) Keissl. The species was listed as a probable 

.l R.C.Harris by KLEMENT &'D0PPELBAUR 

tigSZi I7Z). The type materi-aI, however, has not yet been revised. 

Traoelia obteqens (Th. Fr. ) Hertel. Trapelia obtegens has been reported 

OSTHAA 1983: 405) . A second recent 

Iocallty is Handewitt, near Flensburg , MTB t!2!: churchyard walI, Jacobsen 

43t2. 

Acknowledqements 

-..-I.-.-r...-- @or.B.J.Coppins(Edinburgh)foridentifyingBacidiasub- 

fuscula, and to prof. Dr. L. Kappen (Kiel) for commenting on the manuscript' 

Financial support by the Minister fur Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig- 

Holstein is gratefully acknowledged '

Fig. 

Fig. 

AI17\ 

t6] 

V 

# 

[ag4 

8s 

1: Spores of Rinodina tS_rcho$ila, Mischoblastia-type (left) 

and Pachysporaria-type. Scale = 15 pm. 

Spores of Sarcopyrenia gibba , Sca1e = t2 pm. 

References 

mfr[DF.,&KETNER-00STRAA,R.,1983:Surveyofthe1ichenf1oraofthe 

larger Wadden Sea islands. - pp. 400-411 in: Dijkema,K.S., & WoIff,W,J. 

(eds. ) : Flora and vegetation of the Wadden Sea islands and coastal 

areas. Rotterdam. 

ERICHSEN, C.F.E., 1957: Flechtenflora von Nordwestdeutschland. - Stuttgart. 

HAWKSWORTH, D.L., JAMES, P.W., & COPPINS, 8.J., 1980: Checklist of British 

Iichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi. - Lichenol. t?: 1-115 . 

HERTEL, H. , & RAMBOLD, G. , 1987 : Miriquidica genus novum Lecanoracearum 

(Ascomycetes lichenisati). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. M0nchen 23; 

377 -39?. 

JACOBSEN, P., 1988 ("1987"): Liste der in Schleswig-Holstein gefundenen 

Flechtenarten. - Kieler Notizen zur Pflanzenkunde in Schleswig-Holstein 

und Hamburg 19 : 45-84. 

JAMES, P.W., t97t: New or interesting British lichens: I. Lichenol. 5: 

tl4-t48. 

KLEMENT, 0. , & D0PPELBAUR , H . , 1952: Uber die Artberechtigung einiger 

mariner Arthopyrenien. - Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 65: t66-L74. 

NORDIN, I. , 1972: Caloplaca sect. Gasparrinia i Nordeuropa. Taxonomiska och 

ekologiska,. studier. - Dissertation , Uppsala . 

RAMKAER, K. , 1978: Fortegnelse over laver angivet fra Danrnark med litteraturhinvesninger. 

Inst. for Sporeplanter, K/benhavns Universitet. 

SANTESS0N , R. , 1984: The lichens of Sweden and Norway . - Stockholm/Uppsa1a . 

S9CHTING, U . , & RAMKAER, K. , 1982: The epiphytic lichen zones in rural 

Denmark and Schleswig-Ho1stein. - Nord. J. Bot. 2: I7t-!81. 

z.

86 

Graphis Scripta 2z 86-88' 1989- 

I.A\ruOTE I SVERIGE 1988 

Goran Thor, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 

S- 10 6 91 Stockholrn, Sverige . 

A two-day meeting with 19 lichenologists from Sweden was 

arranged in Sodermanland in L988. The meeting included one day 

of Lectures and one excursion day. A list of lichens recorded 

is presented, some of them are new to the province of- 

Sddermanland. 

Nordisk Lichenologisk Fdrening i Sverige anordnade den 24 - 25 

september 1988 ett mote pA Stockholms universitets f5ltstation 

Tullbotorp i S6dermanland. 19 lichenologer fr&n st6rre delen av 

Sverige delt,og . L6rdagen &ignades At f 61j ande f oredrag 3 

Dlats lledin: N&gra missfdrsttdda Cladonia-arter pA Llvarrnark. 

L,eif Klillstens Opeqrapha i Sverige. '. 

Tomas Fasth: Usnea florida i Sverige. 

Hans-Erik Gustavsson: Lavf loran i AImAs, ett Eidell6vskogsomr&de 

i mellersta Halland. 

Tomas Eallingblick: I,obaria scrobiculata i s6dra Sverige. 

Lars Froberg: Kalk1avar pA Stora Alvaret, 01and. 

Ulf Anrp: Projektet hotade lavar i sddra Sverige. 

Tony Foucard: En svensk skorplavsflora i vardande. 

Jan-Eric xattsson: Proteinvariation inom och mellan populationer 

hos sterila lavar. 

Gunnar Carlin: Lavkemi och evolution. 

Ro1and t{oberg: Barkst:rrktur hos Physciaceae . 

Giiran Thor: Storsystematik pA Arthoniales /Opegraphales, 5r det 

nd j ligt at,t gora? 

Under s6ndagen bes6ktes tv& lokaler. I artlistorna presenteras 

ett u:nral av arter som noterades. NAgra arter lir nya f6r 

Sodermanland (Santesson 1984). Dessa anges med en asterisk (") 

ef ter artnamnet och det anges var beliiggmaterial f inns. 

Nomenklaturen fol jer i hurrtrdsak Santesson ( 1984 ) . r.6,I jande 

personer har l&imnat tilliigg till artlistan: UIf Arup, Stefan 

Elsnan, Tony Foucard, Lars Fr6berg, Hans-Erik Gustavsson, Lars- 

Erik l{uhr, Anders Nordin bch }tats Wedin. 

Sodermanland, H616 sl. , 0, 5 L ,2 lsn Nv Tullgarns slott, alt . 

2 15 m, 58 "57'N 17 "35'E , 25 september 1988. En oliktldrig 

iidell6vskog med mAnga gamla och grova ekar. 

Anaptychia ciliaris Buellia griseovirens 

Arthonia byssacea* (t'Iuhr, LD) Buellia punctata 

Arthonia vinosa Calicium adspersum 

Bacidia beckhausii Calicium glaucellum 

Bacidia rubella Calicium salicinum 

Biatorella monasteriensis Calicium viride 

Bryostigma leucodontis* Caloplaca cerina 

(Gustavsson) Caloplaca chlorina 

BueIIia alboatra Caloplaca lucifuga 

Buellia disciformis Candelaria concolor

Candelariel Ia xanthostigrna 

Catillaria globulosa 

Catillaria graniformis 

Catillaria griffithii 

Chaenotheca brunneola 

Chaenotheca carthusiae 

Chaenotheca ferruginea 

Chaenotheca hispidula 

Chaenotheca phaeocephala 

Chaenotheca trichialis 

Chrlrsothrix c andelaris 

Coniocybe coniophaea 

Coniocybe furfuracea 

Coniocybe pallida 

Cyphelium inquinans 

Cl4rhelium sessile 

Evernia prunastri 

Fuscidea viridis* 

Graphis scripta 

Hypocenomyce scalaris 

Hlpogymnia physodes 

Lecanactis amyfacea 

Lecanora expallens 

Lecanora sambuci 

Lecidella elaeochroma 

E1 

S6derman1and, Morko sn. , 2 r0 2 13 lsn ONO l{6rko }qrrka och 0 r7 

1, 0 l

Placynthiella icmalea 

Placynthiun nigrum 

Platismatia glauca 

Protoblastenia calva 

Protoblastenia rupestris 

Protoblastenia incrustans 

Psora lurida 

Rhizocarpon geminatum 

Rhizocarpon geographicum 

Rhizocarpon hochstetteri 

Sagiolechia protuberans 

Sarcogyne regularis 

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum 

Squamarina cartilaginea 

Citerad litteratur 

88 

Santesson, R. 1984. The lichens 

& Uppsala. -Swedish lluseum of 

GraPhis scrj.Pta 2z 88-91 ' 1989- 

Sguamarina gfT)sacea 

Staurothele catalePta 

Staurothele hYmenogonia* (LD) 

Strangospora mori f ormis 

Synalissa symphorea 

Thyrea pulvinata* (LD' S) 

Toninia caeruleonigricans 

Trapelia involuta 

Usnea hirta 

Verrucaria calciseda* ( LD ) 

Verrucaria fuscella 

Xanthoria parietina 

Xylographa abietina 

of Sweden and NonraY. Stockholm 

Natural History. 

rcpNvAxvrNGENS rI{\TERKAN pA r,ewr,onaN pA EKSTAMI\4AR 

En stuJie pA Valjehalviin, Blekinge, Sverige. 

Iluise Lindblon och Jan MAreby, lnstitutionen fiir systematisk botanik, ostra vallgatan 18, s'223 61 Luncl, 

Sweden. 

Abstract 

The epiphytic lichens on the valje peninsula in Blekin_gc ( southern sweden) were studied. The flora on the trunks 

ofold oaks stsnding oper i" with others which-stand shadecl by dense upgrowing decidous-trees' The more 

"o-p."!J 

;;;;;;dt"g oakiuks had n ;"ft"i l.t flora than the shaded ones, a total of 26 compared with 14' Some 

;;;;;;6;s *er"foud ard aspects "n of consenation are discussed. ccloplacalucifugo and,c. obscurella,Lhe 

latter on maple, are reported new to Blel

89 

Rose (19?4)konstaterar att deallraflestaepirytiskalavarArljuskrAvande. Hm frAgar sigvaralla dessa artervaixte 

om ilen fornbrittiska urskogen var sd t6.t och samnanhAngmde som det anses. I stiillet antar he att den kunde vara 

ganska luckig. 

VAr utgangspmkt er att mAnniskan genom att 6ppna landskapet ftr jordbruk och boskapsskdtsel rynnat framftir 

allt ljuielsikande arter. Detta ar valkltnt {Ur k,irlvdxter och biir iiven gdlla lavar. I detta arbete jiimftir vi lavfloran 

pA ekar (Quercus robzr) som stAr i ett igenvuxet hagdarkslandskap med lavfloran pd-ekar som fortfarande sti.r 

lppet. E{tlrsom de epifotiska lavarna i aUmenhet iir ganska ljuskrAvande utgick vi frAn hypotesen att de mer 

ljusexponemde ekama ha en rikare lavflora. 

Figur 1. Karta iiver Valjehalv6n ned ilventerade hed utsatta. Skala (venstra kartan) 1:14000 (Efter ekonomi-stt 

kartblad 3E 2e sdlv€sborg.) 1, 2 och 3 dr ekar i skugga. 4 och 5 ii,r ljusexponerade ekar. 

Iokalbeslriwing 

Va[ehalvdn ligger i Valjeviken vAster om Sdlvesborg, strsx 6ster om grdnsen mellan SkAne ooh Blekinge (fig 1). PA 

halvtin lir Valje herrgArd belAgen, en egendom vars historia strdcker sig bakAt Atminstone till medeltiilen 

(Llinsstyrelsm 1983). 

Onridet bestod liir cirka 150 ir sedan av skogliis grgsmark och var ett nsavann-landskap" ned solitiin eller i 

smAgrupper viixude ekar och bokar @jerke f957). PA 1950-talethade bukar och smAtred bdrjat vAxa upp kring 

gruppema av ek och bildade skogsholmar i hagmarkslmdskapet (Bjerke 195?). FortfarandebestAr omredet Ull viss 

del avdppen grAsmark, dErbeteliirekomner. BestAnden av iidlalatltriidharwit upp och l6nn och askkonkunerar 

delvis ut ekarna (Liinsst;relsen 1984). OmrAdet konmer att bli naturreseryat. 

lvlaterial och met der 

Vi inventerade de epifftiska lavama upp till cirka tvA metenhdjd pA stammarna av fem ekar. Ekama var 350-400 

Ar gamlamedgrovsprucken bark. Tre av ekama st6r skuggigt i ettuppvAxtlitytrAdsbestAnd en bitut pdhalvifn (1,2 

och 3 i fig 1). I{ring ekama vlixerhagtorn, hassel, ask, ltinn och alm. De bida andra ekama stir i parken vid g6rden 

liingre in pA halvdn (4 och 5 i fig 1). De vAxer ljust och 6r exponerade At nord-nordv5,st. 

Vi bestiimdelavarnatill art. Den latinskanomenklaturen liiljerSantesson (1984), utomfttrCaloplacalucifugaThor. 

Rcsultat 

Detvar tydligtfler arter pA de Ijusexponerade ekama,26 respektive l6,jiimliirt ned cirka 10 arter pA de skuggade 

ekama (tab 1). Sammanlagt vAxtc 14 arter pA de skuggade ekana och 26 pi de ljusexponerade. Den skirre 

lavrikedomen pd dg ljusexponerade ekama sAgvi tydligti llilt, detsamma giillcr Sven tiickningsgradcn som dock intc 

beriiknades. Samma ekars skuggsida hade en mer utarmad lavflora.

90 

16 artcr viixte pA de ljusexponerade ekama men inte pi de sklggade'.medan endast6rra-hade-den motsatta 

frirekomsien. Busk- ochbladlavarnl-ioi"a.Jau f:*"tp"neraite eka=ira, qiu arter, medan endast en artvaxte pA de 

skuggade ekarna. 

Fem arter lterfrnns pa listan 6ver hotade lavar i sverige (Floravardskommittdn 1987)' Av dessa fanns tre bade pa 

;;il;;lG;i"""t"a" 

Ingeldg m fl (198?). 

"Ut, -a- ivl enilast-vexte pA de snare. For innebdrden av hotkategoriema se 

Arrhoniaimpolita{brekommerpAgamlaekar,troligensArskiltihagmark(FloravArdskommitt€n198?).Vifannden 

pA alla fen ekama. Hotkatrgori 3. 

I*catuctis amylaceo vexte endast sparsamt p6 de ljusexponerade ekarna, medan den enligt Floravardskommittdn 

Ode-rl-"i*"" pi g.-la ekar i ren ekskog eller ek-granskog' Hot'kategori 1' 

opegraphauemicelliferavdxeriskuggigochfuktigmilj6,frEmstoidebasaladelarnaavgamlaalmarochekar 

(Flomvirdgkommitt€n 198?). ner-i""i"ri a* pl "r-"t oggod och vii basen av en ljus*ponerad ek. Endast pa den 

senare var den fertil. Hotkategori 3. 

Romatinaobtusarosomvi fann pA en avdeljusexponera{9 {SalnauppgespA 6straSveriges fastlandvAxa pAgamla 

'aa"iio"t"aJ, i"a-"t i parker (FloravArdskommitt€n 1987)' Hotkategori 4' 

Schisurommadecu|ransvaxtepA allafem ekama, tAmligen rikligtdessutorn' EnligtFloravlrdskommittdn (198?) 

g"-la ekar, halvitppet eh ganska fuktigt" Hotkatesori 1' 

;;;;;;;;;, 

I Ingeliigm fl (19gD tas dessutom coi iciundspereumupp, och-anses oftastvdxa pa grcvspruckcn bark av gamla 

ekar i tiimligen 6ppna lAgen i o"f, p""iii"aO."p] HAr fanns den pA en av de skuggade ekarna' 

"r.i"6i.t.t.C"t 

Hot}ategori 6. 

Cfupbahrcifi4asomve*epAettparekarlirennybeskrivenartsomintetidiSEre'apport€ratsfrAnBlekinge(nf 

Tlror 1988). Utanfti, "na"rrOr.oiig"ir?"ii-"te;a'p* il;"; c"., oplaca ob1g,welb' som ocksa ar nv ftir Blekinge 

(mfSantesson 1984). 

Diskuseioa 

Resultatetbekr6ftar vAra antaganden om m artrikare lavflorapA de mer ljusexponende-ekarna' Att sAmingafler 

arter endast vlixtc pA de ljuexponerade men inte pa de skuggaile ekarna, en hiirt om(16 respektive 4), tyder pl 

att ilet inte ar 1yA;lika srtupp*ittninger. F'lorm lA de skuggade ekama 6r i st5llet till gtdrsta delen en utarmad 

varimt av den adrikare lavfloran pA de ljuaexponerade ekama' 

Hotadeartrrf6rekommerbidepa ljusexponenileochskuggadeeLs.Treavdehotadeutema,Arthonhimpolita' 

Oriiiii r"r^loltiferu oeh Schimatimw dzobm, fbrekommer bide pd ljuexporerade och ekuggade ekar 

;;-i;;;";;l;r pa"n tyclspa.wtitob!rcala, bAde avbiotopuppgi{ten (ovan) och vArtfvnd att 

lfO*", 

"r.t.t"goa 

O"ri. g"a Uustiltgang. r;cnitis anXlaceo-.deremot, som vAxt€ pA de ljusexponerade ekarna, uppges 

,ii"-i fr"g"fif.*i"a.irppfuit"tiom "r -er skuggigt Calbium odspersumuppges v6xa i tdnligen dppna l['en, men 

vi fann dm endast pA en av de skuggade elrrna' 

Ljusexponering 6r htir ett relativt becrgpp: vera lust_st{ende ekar var exponetade at nord'nordvas! och 6ven om 

Jlio"Gtyariitfi"".te an vira akugiadeLkar, sA_bor den direktasolimtrAlningen varaliten. Almbom (1948) anger 

f& Arthonia impolito, tecanactis iiytrcea oah Opegtoptta vermbellifera attde framftir all! viixer pA den nona, 

!J stamnen. For den furstnamndiaegs ocksA att den inte km konkurera ned ljusdlskande busk' 

"iGgI och bladlavar "ta." pa stammens stidra sida. I samnmhaiget ska papekas att ljus givetvis- inte- 6r den enda omvarlds' 

irr.t - * U"tia"f"". roktigh"t at nycket viktig faktor som ofta ar negativt konelend med ljustillgAngen fdr 

"n 

epifyter. 

Vi air medvetna om att vArt material iir litat men vi tror andA att det belyser ett reellt hot motvissa epifytiska lavar. 

Hade antalet undersaikta trad varit stiine hade troligen skillnadema accentuerats ytterligare. 

sammanfattningsvis kan man saiga att lavlloran p! ekar, siire-hilt de ljust viif,ande er rik' Enligt Florav{rdskom- 

-ifte.trgazl r6;"t sammanlaglltt t5ugotal hotade lavarter i huvudsak pA ek' Drr betonas ofta betydelsen av att

vl 

Tabeli 1. Artlista liir lavarna pA de fem inventerade ekarna pi Valjehalvdn. Bk nr 1, 2 och 3 iir beskuggade, 

medan ek nr 4 och 5 iir ljusexponerade. 

Art ek nr Art ek nr 

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 

Anisomeridium biforme x x Lecanora expallens x x 

Arthonia impolita x x x x x Lepraria incana x x x X x 

Buellia punctata x x x x Microcalicium disseminatum x x 

B. scitaereri x Opegropha cf. niueoatra x 

Calicium adspersum x O. uerrnicellifera x x 

C. salicinum x Parmelia glabratula x x 

C. uiride x x x x P. sulcata x x 

Coloplaca lucifuea x x Pertusaria amara x x 

Cotilloria priffithii x x P. coccodes x 

Chaenotheco trichialis x P. hemisphaerica x x x 

Chrysothrit, candeloris x x x x x P. pertusa x 

Cla.dnnio fimbriato x P hv sconia enterox,ant ha x x 

Hoematommo ochroleucum x x Romalina farinacea x x x 

Hypopymnio physodes x x R. obtusata x 

I*canactis omylacea x Schismatommo decolorons x x x x 

Summa 30 8 I 11 % 16 

eken tirgammal. Rationellt skirtta ekskogarkan antagligen inte erbjuda de mest kravande lavama en ldmpligmiljit 

pagrodavh69slutenheL Dessutom skerslutawerkningen dAhedin urbiologisk synpunktiirliiJAllandwis unga. 

Fatr att bevara en rik epifytlavllora iir det &irftf viktigt ;tt slA vakt om det gaitr ti"tir"i*atf"p"t, ned mer eller 

mindre fristAende l6'vtr6d, drir detia iimu finns kvar. Vid igmviining hols etr-a u"noi"jiiv6 s6tt av den 

uppvdxade l6vskogm, dels genon brist pi lju och dels genom att eka--ma kar konkoneras ul, tlket ilelvis tycks 

wra fallet pA Va'ljehalv6n (Lrimstyrelsen 1984). 

Artikeln byggsr pa ett prcjektarbcte iDom Prbyggnadskqstr i 3)Etemati rk bottrnik vid Lunds uni ver6i tet hLg8. vi vill tdcka vih 

hudledte ulfArup ch stefa Eknm, utan'"*" r6arp u""te-"ii[.iu"t"t nnnu akulo pagd. Ett tack iiven tilr alla andra som 

har hjelpt os. 

&eferenslista 

Almbom, o' 1948: Distribution md Ecologr of some south sqdinavia Lichens. Borauisfro 

Bjerke, Mtiser, suppl. I (2). 

s' 195?: Nogle trek af de s-y'dskaidinaviske tg""r.o""r gennem de 

Dedrclogish 

sidste 

Anshrift 

d.rhm6reder. "autmg DansA 

4 : g7 g .4Lg. 

Flonv6ArdskoEmittln ftir lavar 19g?: preliminArlista6verhotade 

lavari Sverig e. Svensh BordnishTid.shrift g1:23? _ 

Ingelitg,T.,lhor,G.ochGustafsson-,_T" (reo-)llg.iFloraudrd.ishwbruket.-Der2.Artdel.2uppr.Jarnki,ping. 

LAnstsnelsen i Blekinge lAn t983:itutturvdrdspt " niit"Aiilin. IGrtskrona. 

Hnsaqmlsen I tilekinge lgn ]9g4: Natwudrd,splan Blehingc. I(arlskrona. 

Rose,F 19?4:TheEpiphvtesofoak./M.G.Moi;sochF.i-.'re..ilg(red,rae Bdtishoah:itsHistoryandNatural 

ffrslo4r: 250-273. Fariudon. 

Santesson, R. t984: Ttu Liihens of !y:*\ "fa Nqruoy.stockholm och Uppsala. 

Thor, G. 1988: caloplaca lucifugarA New uchen speci'"" ri".'i"-p". z ichenotogLst 20t r7i-77g-

Graphis Scripta 2: g2-100, 1989. 

Busk- och bladlavar i 

Rudolf Tunblad, Almgatan 130,462 52 Viinersborg. 

92 

Gflsene hiirad, Vestergiitland 

Abstroc!:The licben flora ofthe hundred ofGesene was investigated dwingthe 193Os md the 1940's. Gasene (575.84 

km2, comprising 22 parishes) is situated in the central ofthe province oiVnstergiitlmd OV Sweden). The bedrock 

consists ofgneiss. Halfofthe area is wooded, mainl-v by coniferowforesl but seveial species ofdgciduous trees occur 

in pure stands or as admixtures in coniferous forests. Bogs are also mmmon. Several ph;rtogeographic elments are 

metwith in Gdsene. Species with a northem distribution(Cetrariacwullata,C. nivalis,Clzdoniabacillifomis,C. 

subfwcata, Hypogymnia intntiniformis, Nephroma arctbum, N- beltum, peudephebe minusuta), a southem 

distribution (Clodonia cuspiticit,C-folircu,C. incrasalc), oru oceuic distribution (8r1p1a bimtor,Nephrcma 

laeuigotum, Pannaria med.iterrarea, Pamlblln plumbea) occur within the areao s well s alpine-species 

(Umbiliuria dzcusld,IJ. rigid,a), @astal species (iams.lina siti4w,R. subfarinaaa,ttmbilimriz Wodnhm) 

md northeast€rn species asmciated with conifemus forests (Alcctoria saruntw,Brpria fureltzta, B. simpliciar, 

Letluriz utlpiw, Ramalino thrauto). A species list is presented, comprising 204 species. 

Gesene- hArad Ar belliget i centrala Viistergdtlmd pA det sydwenska hiiglmdets nordvdstra sluttning ned mot 

Venemletten. Dess suirsia ulstreckningi SV-No iir cirka4,5 mil och dess stiirstabredd i NV-So 2 nil. Hela arealen 

Ar 575, 84 km2 varav 554, 53 km, utgdrs av lmd. 

Den av gnejs bestlende bergroden ar i regel tackt av sten- och blockrik mordn eller sand men gAr ofta i &gen i 

fom av bergknallar och hAllar, ett fcirhAllande som aeentuem alltmerju liingre At sydvist man ko--"t.-I d" 

delma av NAmga, Molla och Od nAr omrddet sin h6gsta hiijd, upp till 266 

-sydiiga 

m ii h. HAradet i iiwigt har 

karaktAren av en smAkuperad platA, vus hojd 6ver hawt i allmanhet variemr mellan 150 och 200 n. Grom 

Nossans dalg{ng blir den nestan txdelad. 

Skog upptar stiine delen av 5rtan, cirks 54 % av ludrealen, medm Akercalen bara uppgir till knappt 20 %. 

Skogen drbuwdsakligen bamkog med haro{h w insprdngd bjiir\ ek och asp. Bj6rk- och -lihagarbildai ofta ett 

ljusare inslag. Men gdeUdvskog med liirekomst dven av lind, sk, alm eller l6m 6r sgllsynl Diremot h6r 

bokskogama vid St Mollungen i Od till ldnets stitrsta. De torde dessutom van VAst€rgtitlmds nordligaste skine 

bestAnd av spontan bok. 

I omrAdets sydliga del finns flera stiine och mindre sj6ar. Arealen mossnark, typ hiigmossar, Ar betydmde. Stiirst 

dr Ramlamossen, som genom sin relatiw opAverkade milj6, sitt dviirgbjlirkbestand och sitt rika fdgelliv Ar en av 

Aivsborgs l6ns mest skyddsvdrda n5rar. 

Stiine delen av heradet ingick en gArg i de s k Sviiltoma, mm bdrjade skogsplmt€ras pe 1860-talet, ett arbete , som 

pegr*6ven ettstycke in pAdettaArhmdrade. Sjiilvminnsjagen skoldag, dd,hela klassen med sdkmnorihiindema 

nedverkade i skogsplmteringen- 

GAsene h6rad har blivit en m6tesplats ftir lavar med diametralt olika vAxtgeografisk utbredning. HEr m6t6 seluda 

nordliga och sydliga arter, oceniska arter och nord6stliga barrtradslavar, u@raglade kustlavar och t o n en och 

unan rent slpin arL Ex pA nordliga sr|ar er Cetrcrio uculbta oc}i. C. niualis, Cldonia buillifonis oah C. 

subfurcata, Hypogwnia intestinifomis, Nephrcm areticum och N. bellun, Pxudepfube ninurr;u.l.a, Av sydliga 

arter km namnas Cl adonia cuspiticiz, C. foliua oeh C. ircrcsta. Oceuiska arter fiiretrad es av Brxoria bimlor, 

Nephrcma luuigatum, Panruria meditenaneo och Pameliclla plumbea.Norddstliga barrtrAdslavar reprcsent€ras 

sy Nectorit sdmentosa, Bryoria furellata odt B. simplbinr, I*tluriz uulpim och Ramlha thra6ta. De ymnigt 

ftirekommande stengArdsgArdama har bidragit med rent alpina artet som Umbilinrh d,ecussata xh U. r'rgida. 

Enstaka fynd av extrema kustlavar som Bamalina sili4uosa och R. subfarinwa samt Umbili&rin spdochm 

fullsuindiggtir bilden av G6sene hdrad som en miit€splats ftir lavar med skiftande utbredningsmtinstcr. 

Det har framlagda materialet har hopbragts uder C.tskiliga sommaweckor fren mitten av 1930-talet till 8lut€t av 

40-talet. En del &nd av sAllsyntare eller vdxtgeognfiskt intressta lawr hu tidigare publicerats Ctmblad 1934,

93 

193?, 194ita, 194:tb, nalingbecik & Martinsson 198?). Min avsikt att sA mAningon publicera en fullstiindig 

fdrte;kning6verheradetsbusk-ochbladlavargick av skilda orsaker omintet. Attjagnu sllAngtefterAtmed ledning 

avlavherfrim odr lappkataloggiorten sammanstdllninghar sinftirklaring. En artikel iSv- BotTidskr. avTomas 

Hallingbfick (1986) om fdrsvinnmdet av Inbario pulmmria och L. xrcbbulata i Sydsverige pA grund av 

luftf

94 

Skdlvene: MukagArden mossigtbloeik; Prllstg{rden, mossig sten; 1km S0 om Vimle, blocki tallhed; Vitaheden, 

mossig sten. S. Bjiirke; Bjdrkedal, nordsidm av ett stort block i banskog - I regel sparsan eller enst .ka ex, 

St€dl. 

B, capilla.ris. l25 lok. - En, grm o tall, men aven etskilliga l6vtred, frlimstbjiirk. NAgra g$nger dven antrdfad pA 

block sant st€n- och trAgdrdsg{rdan Steril. 

B. furceiltta. - Asklmda: Romnefall; N om VtstergArden. Eriksbery: Hiikhult, tonla& pA mossen, 1 er Grude: 

Ftinnestad, I ex; Ljug, gardsgdrdsstir, 1 ex. Hov: Galtabacken; Getlmda, I ex; Iiivsj6, en i blmdskog, 1 ex; 

Tonenstorp, a i tallskog, I ex. Hudene: L6ttorp, 1 ex; Stenuga, ldrk i skogsbryn. Jrillby: Skjutfdltet V on 

Iknpelydre;2km NO om kyrkan; RAkemossen, en i tallskog, 1ex. Kvinnestad: Grutlanda, en och tall. Kdllunga: 

HArdakvam; SV om HArdakwm; Tostared. Ljur: Halla. Molla: V om Mollasjiin, 1 *. N. SAm: Siim. NAruga: 

Lida, triigiidsggrd, 3 ex. Od: Picke, I ex. Ommga: MellomgArden; S0 on Ramnaklev, llirk. Sk6lvene: Fullmarp, 

en; Mosslmda; MukagArden; OnAs; Pr*tgtrdeni vitaheden. S. Bjorke: Klastorp; Kringelbacken, I er; 

Alvatorp. Ve*ne: Honestorp, trdstolpe pA mossen; Uden, 1 ex.; SkrAkAs; TorpAkra, stubbe p{ mossen, 1 eL, 

torvlada dita, spare.; Vdg, 1 ex. - DA mnat ej angivits, mtraffades den pA kvistar av tall i tall- eller 

banblmdskog. Steril. 

B. fuxesens.148 lok. Skiftande trddslag, frdmst en, tall, grm och bjiirk. Ofta [ven block och lignum. Steril. 

B. simplicbr. - Hov: Galtabacken, tall; Hdkentorp, torulada pA mossen, 2 ex. Hudene: Hudene, tallgrenar i 

barrskog. Skiilvene: r kn. S0 om F\llmarp, tallgrenar; Mosslanda, tallgrenr i banblandskog. Vesene: 

Hiinestorp, trAstolpe pA mo8sen, 10 er; Vdg, tallgren i hiillmarkstallskog, 1 ex. Stedl. 

Candzlzrb onalor. 49 lok.- I regel l6vtrad vid vdgar och gArdar. NAgon enstaka gdng pA laduvAgg och tallbas. I 

Omunga (V on Kvam) fertil, eljest stcril. 

Catapxreniun iladzleun. - Nboge: nan klrkan, pA mos* i klippspringor i hage. 

Cetrerioctiarcphfllt 141 lok. -Av substratanteckningamahiiniir 94 frAn barrtrAd, SS frAn l6vtrid (frlimstbjdrk 

och ek), 33 fr6n lignm och 22 frAn stcngdrdsgirdar. Sedd fertil i Eriksberg (Horsholmen) och Od (Ljungd, 

C.crctilata.-Etiksberg: Platc, pAnoseen, epars. Od: stru Nom kyrkan,hAll utmedlmdsvdgen;rikligfttrekorast 

pA hellr i bamkogen immfrir; cirka 0,5 km 0 om kyrku, bergknalle invid Aker, spars. Steril. 

C.eiicaorum,86lok -il{dllaribanskog,iblandeveni hsgaroch ljugbackar. NAgongAngpAenmosse(Od:Orum) 

eller pA snitt;rta av ekstubbe (Grode: Kippe och Ora: I(As). Icke sdllm fertil (21 av Ug anL). 

C.lvpati.mn.8 lok. -Exponerade giirdsgArdar och hAllar. Stcril. 

C. &lcndricc. 120 loL - Flfimst hallu i banskog, rlen even hagr och ljugbackn. Ibland pe Eossar och shrbbsr. 

Fertilitetsfrekmsen lAgre 5n bos C. ericdorvn. 

C.jtniperiu-!J[gga: Somk5ntu, stubbe ienbevSxtljugbackeMolla:Molla,Molladal. Od:Alnedal, Holmen, 

- Hrigas, Sv on k[Un, t km O om IjungE, Picke, ijmg i halhukstallskog. Ornuga: Algulsg6rde. 6ra: 

Gamlarp, Holnen. - En i barrskog, dAr ej amat angivits. I regel fertil. Spamm eller enstaka ex. 

C, niucJic.-Asklanda: SAllerhdg. Eriksberg: Ladls. Hudene: Boatorp,Iiigrd. Hdnestsd: Ldngts. N. Siin: Skogsbo' 

h6ll i tallskog. Sk6lvene: Bjiilkared,tuwimossen,Munkag{rden. Ora: KAs.-Snittlrtaavekstubbe, dAr ej annat 

uppgivits. Spusu och steril. 

C. piwti. 163 lok. - Doninermde substf,at en, tall, ljug, stubbar och annat lignum. Ofta even st€n. Av l6\4r6d 

nestan endast bjitrk. Oftast sparom eller enstaka s' Steril- 

C. sepiwlt. ltl lok.- Bjitrk, en och lignum helt dominerande substrat TvA g{nger finnen pA sten. 

Cla.dinoarbu*ula. Inkl. C- mtis. 122lok. - Frgmst mossar samt hiillar och block i banskog. Antecknad fertil 26 

gAnger (av 192 ant.). 

C. citiata, 14 lok.- Hellar och block samt mossar. Fertilt ex i Hov, eljest steril. 

C. nitis. -SeC. arbuscula. 

C. poftentpo. 59 lok. - Fremst mossar, demest h6llar i banskog. PA firra lokaler funnen fertil, eljest steril (4 av 

76 mt.). 

C. rangifeim.:I24tok. -RikligastpAhdllar, sten'ar och block i banskogsamtpAmossar. Fertila ex. pA fem lokaler, 

eljest st€ril (5 av 160 st.) 

C. Itet/r;ris. 44lok - Oftast mossar, nindre ofta hAllar i banskog. Steril. 

Cladonb arcwa. 20 lok. - Viixlmde substrat nen oftast stubbar. Oftast st€ril (18 av 24 mL). 

C. buillaris och reilenta. TLlok. -Vîermde substrat, frdmst stubbar, sAnkilt i banskog, mossar o tregiirdsgdrdar. 

Lika ofta fertil mm steril. 

C. b-eitlifomis- 1? lok. - FrAmst stubbar i barrskog. Overallt sparum och steril. 

C. betlidiflora. 14 lok. - H:illar i banskog. I regel sparsam och oftast st€ril (9 av 14 ant.). 

C. botrytes. 99 lok. - Stubbar, frtimst i banskog. Mera sAllan trAgnrdsgArdar, murkna brider o dyl. Ett par glnger 

antrriffsd pA jord. Fedil. 

C. cuspilbia. -Hudene: Hudene, nultnande stubbe i bjiirkhage. Fertil. 

C. erin&.9 lok. - PA grus och jord- Fertil. 

C. umala. 32lok - Oftast stubbar sant hallar och st€nar i barrskog. I regel fertil (29 av 38 ant.).

95 

C. enotes, 99 lok. - .FYimst shrbbar, dime$ mossiga stenar och block i sAvAl ban- som liivskog. Aven trAdbaser 

(fiiimst bjdrk och tall) samt mossar. Siillu fertil (16 av 163 mt.)' 

C, enicomis. ssp. eruicmis. 4loL - Gruslint ch hdlar i banskog. Steril. - ssp. uerticiJlata- 17 lok. - Oftast 

hillar i bamkog. I Hov, Molla och S Bjorke antzcknad fertil, eljest stcril och sparsam- 

C. chlorcphw. -Se C. pfxidita! 

C. cocci.fen. SSlok Variermde subtrat, nen fr6nst hdllar i banskog. Aven stenar och block i banskog och hagar. 

Nagon enstaka gdng stubbar eller bjiirk- och tallbaser. I regel fertil. 

C. aniocrua -Se C, ochrochloml 

C. comuta.118 lok. - Oftast hAllar, stenar och block i banskog, dem,ist stengArdsgArdar och mossr. Enstaka 

ginger stubbar och spAntah. Mycket sAllan fertil (5 av 160 ant.). 

C. crispatc. 84 lok. - Friimst hdllu och stenr i banskog. Dessutom mossar och stubbar. Icke sallan fertil (35 av 

L15 anl). 

C. Ocrup*. 120lok. -FrAmstst€nar, blodr och stengtirrlsgArdari liiv-ochbamkog, hdllari barckogsamtmossar, 

Mycket sEllan pA stubban Ofta sparem. Endast ? gAnger antrrifad fertil (7 av 155 mt.). 

C. Momis. fO4 lok. - Skiflande substrat, frAmst mossar och hillar, men Sven 8t€nar och stubbar i barrskog. 

Obsewerad fertil endast l1 g{nger (11 av 145 ant.). 

C. digina. L06lok - Stubbar, serskilt i banskog, trddbaser, friimst tall och bj6rk, samt mossar. Icke siillan fertil 

(2? av 150 mL). 

C. fimbriata. 1 15 lok. - 

Stubbar samt mossiga blek och stengiirdsgArdar i bAde barrekog och hagar. Mera s?illan 

tr6dbaser och moss. Icke sAllm fertil (33 av 156 ant'). 

C. flerheana.112 lok. - Friimst hallar smt mossiga st€na! och block i bamkog, stengardsgardar och mossar. 

Mydcet slillm stubbar oeih hedbaser. I regel fertil. 

C. folfurEea. Albga: nAra kyrkm, *ponemd h6ll. Hov: Friistorp, hell i banskogsbryn. Kvinnestad: nAra kyrkan, 

grusslAnt MAldronga: Skogsbo, hell i bjdrkhage och sten pA Ang. Molla: Lugnet, hdll i tallskog vid Nossm - 

Overallt sparsam och gteril. 

C. furcaa.lO8 lok. - Hdllar, mossiga stenu och block i bAde barr- och liivskog samt steng*irdsgArdar. En gAng pA 

en gmmal sko. Lika ofta fertil som steril. 

C. gJanla. OO tot. - Mosaiga stenu, block och hAllar fremst i barrskog. Aven mossar. Mera sellu stubbar. Fertila 

ex i Alboga: Halsa, Hudene: KarLared, Molla: Y om Mollasjdn och Skitlvene: Mosslmda Eljest steril. 

C, gruilis sspgreilts- US loL - ssp. tubhato.ctslok -BAila ssp.: hdllar, mossiga stentr och st€ngdrdsgArdar, 

sdrskilt i bamkog. NAgon enstaka gtng pA stubbar och spAntak. Oftast fertil- 

C. ittsglflg,a. Eriksberg: Hdkhultt Plate. Grude: Irimg. Hov: Hlkentorp. Hudene: Onaholmm. Hfllestad: LAag6. 

Jillby: I&mpelycke, Klllunga: Mosrbackm. Iju: L&rgared- Molla: Molla, Ornunga: Sj6lid. Skatlvene Bjelkared, 

Mosslada. Vesene: Ilall. - Mossar, aerskilt pA viiggaru odr bottoen av gamla torqgm I regel fertil. 

Angtende $aden i Skdlvene se trurblad 1934! 

C. nacilztuo. -Se C. bacill,arb! 

C, tnottoplryIlz. T6 lok. - Fiiretr6desvis hEllar i barrEkog. NAgrs ggnger pA gmla tonhdgar p& mossar. Lika oft'a 

fertil som steril. 

C. ochrochbm.lnkl. C. coniocrea.DA nAgon klar gilina ej finns mellm artema, har jag ej kunnat sArskilja dem i 

lIlL g3 lok. - Stubbar i banskog och hagar, ganska ofta 6ven mossiga triidbaser (bjtirk, ek, al, asp, tall och en). 

Ganska s$lan fertil (18 av 130 mL). 

C. p.rositin. - Od: Ljmga, ekstubbe i blmdskog, mwken stubbe och kullfallen multnsde ekstan i l6vskog. 

Sprrotfertil. 

C.phyllophom.S4lok.-Hiillar,frdmstibanskog. Mera sdllu nossigastenaroch block. Oftastst€dl (71av94ant.). 

C. prearotd. lO0 lok. - Flertalet anteckningar henor frAn strng6rdsggrdar, hAllu i banskog, samt stenar och block 

i banskogoch hagar. Aven mossar. Enstaka gAnger stubbsr oc\hedbasr (tall och bjatrk). Oftast stcril (100 av 

150 ant.):En fo; med bleka, ljusbroa apothecier: NAroga: Aned och Vesene: Vasbrled. 

C, pocillum. - Asklmda: SAllerh6g mossig hrill i b€t€smark. 1 ex. Steril. 

C. polydrctyla.33 lok. - I regel mosskliidda block i bamkog och hagar, Aven klippviiggar. S6llan stubbar eller 

trddba*r. Endast 2 gAnger etecknad fertil (Od: Iriuga och SV on kyrkan). 

C, pytifun.fnkl.C. ch.lorcph@a.tjl2lok. -Friimst st€ngArdsgArdar,hellar, st€ner och block. Mera sdllan mossar 

och stubbar. NAgpn enstaka gAng pA tredb*er (tall, bjdrk, asp och l6nn). En gAng pa Sammal sko. Oftast fertil. 

C. rurzgifomis. 46lok. - F6retrddewis vdgkmter och steng6rdsg{rdar utmed vdgar, men even hdllar. I}e gAnger 

utecknad fertil (Alboga: n6n k]nku, Hudene: Asbogiirde och Skiilvene: MunkagArden). 

C. rei. - Hudene: rlsbogiirde, basen av en m i banskog, fertil. Od: Ljunga, mossig Et€n, steril. 

C. e@briuscub.52 lok. - Oftast exponerade stengdrdsg{rdar men dven viigkanter och mossiga stenar i hagmark 

n m. Fertila ex funa i Alboga: Halsa, Hov: Ixivsjii och HAllestad: Langii. 

C. sqwmon- u2lok. FdretrAdesvis mossiga stenar och block santhdllar i barrskog och hagar. Aven stengerdsgerdar 

och mossar. Mera sAllan stubbar och trddbaser. Oftast steril. 

C. strqsilis.2zlok - Exponende hiillar i banskog och ljungbackar. Oftast steril (15 av 25 ant.).

96 

C. subcenticorais. ? lok. - Htiilar i barrskog och pA klippviiggar. I Ljur och Ndruga fertil, eljest steril. Sparsam' 

C.iitfuoot".1,1 lok. - Mossar. Frtil pi 2lokaler (Mj6ldrunga och Skiilvene)' 

C.sub&Idra.115lok.Oft"stmt effaJpiJt""gatdsga"da:",-enivenpihAllarochstenaribanskogochhagar'Ibland 

pA ljugbackar och tagf.-t t. nlt p"t g-ingeip6 stubbar. En gAng pA basm av en bjtirk' Icke s6llu fertil (30 

av 156 mt.). 

c. turgida.4S lok. - I regel mossiga hallar i banskog. Fertila exemplar smlade pa 2 lokaler (Hlillestad och 

I{jatldrunS3), eljest steril. 

C. ifidio, rigiok. - va;etmde stAndorter, filimst banskog och mossar. Iclte sdllm fertil (35 av 175 ant')' 

C. zopfii,4lok. -Mossar och hAllar i banskog. Steril ^ - 

Coelocaulon uulearum. Inkl. c. ii"iiii. i+s tot . - Ort st ttgllar, siirskilt i banskog' Ofta.aven pA block och 

*:;;;;.;;G;..rr.At"knigria"erldekstubbaroch mnatlignum. Varderaen gAngpAtall, en och ljune' Icke 

silllan fertil (45 sv 215 mt.). 

c' murbatum' se c' @uleLtum! ".venklippv6ggar. sallmtr[tl (aspoch al)' steril' 

Colleruflucidum. 1? lok. stenari ochvidAarochbdckar' A 

c:-;ig*;;;;. mellm -Oftast nar.eitorp och tome,nstorp' Sk6lvene: LyckAs' Asa' Spar*m odr steril' 

-iou - 

C.;;T;;;;";*.-ratt*ga:-eti-;-io'st i"a"*tfarr*'g*Ivlolla:BrAiangen'Karlstorp'Mollary-d-'.-Asp'Fertil' 

Comicultbnormaerco. O-"rnF: i t-'Sb o- k'tLin, block vid stmden av Omugesjiin' I litet stcrilt ex' 

n"^twrpoo atnnrens. - Asklmda: Sdllerhdg hill i betem:rk' Sparsam' 

; ;;;;;tili";. 

- 

- Hov: Ollestad, hell vid Siimsj6n' Vesene: Mvresj6, hall vid stnnden' 

D. miniatun.4lok Klippviigar. Spargam. r', 

- 

D. weberi .15 lok. Stenar i och vid blickar och Aar samt klippveggar 

- 

Euenb prunastri. 1b9lok. {iirdelat siipe nitjmde sdtt l6vtr6d (frdmstbjitrk' asp och 

-Subfi;;;;k"i;;;" 

ek) 202, bantred (frem.t ;l: ;;;;tdsg6-rdar, blak och 

"") -stcnar .t6, lignum 34. I od: Iglaholmen och st. 

Mollungen smt Skdlvene : Vitaheden fertil, eljest steril' 

H6;;;;7i;"ina. et lot. irrarirt bjork) 35, barhed (friimst tall) 23' block och stenar 12' 

" --i,oGaa 

tidgardsc{rdar A mt' Sparsam el}er enst:ka ex' steril' 

n. i,Gtiltiii.S lok. Hiillar och block i gles bmsko-g och ljuetacke' Steril' 

- 

fl. prrtsod$. 15Otok.-l,o"trea tianstl:iitl U*"t"aaifttimsit"f och Oftaiiven stengerdsgArtlar oe;hblock' 

' ""*t "n)' 

nen sAllan lignu. SAllm fertil (28 av 340 ant')' 

men lignum nAgotvanligare' Mycket strllm fertil: 1 

H.tubr.toso.t42lok. - Substnt;;IE;JI;.C.piyso&s 

lokal i vardera Grode, Jiillby och Kiillunga 

n.iia".uliu._sr.wg"ia-,"ioGlr6ro"r.o"rtuipp"agg*. En g6ngp6alvirl enb6ck,l n ovan mrken. Tre 

gsnger (Hov, Hudene och skolvene) funnen fertil' 

r-;td prarih. 118 lok. i-"d;;h"tiatt"", Ltippveggar, blck och stenr i barrskog. Mvcket ofta even 

J',[|f,rcaa*, 

- 

-"o da "pr*'"- ;iil;t"k; bnilEt tre ghger tunnen fertil (Hw: Iyistol', Hudene: 

". 

FAglarik och Sk6lvene: Sdt€Etorp). 

Inp,&ionnicmr*op1r".. 6rorn. Hor,: F1i-storp. Molla: Axsjililal,Molla&l,St€nqi6n,Tttrestorp' 

--'O* qi-g" -eiUig"t S. Bjdrke: cirka 1 kri S om Klastorp' -'sprickor i klippvegger' Steril' 

upiik-tit ir:&s. rz lok. -jiip *rt ["t, u"tl-tlg",i klippvaigs;'n.l-Kitlunga:Iostared fertil' eljest steril' 

L. &turnint^.- Atboga: o--.-;"i.i;-J;] n iJJJt' Hoi': F-rtlstorp' Klticiken!' Iludene: Boatorp' Ebbared' 

Hutlene. Molla: Ibrl"t tp, M;ii";l; Sl U"L"t. Oat gagta, -sitilvene: 

Picke. 

PriietgArden, S6te etorp Asp 

- 

i hagar och i blmdskog. Steril. 

t."iiioiii._N*ga:naiakyrk;n,beskuggadklippviiggih-ageocherponendhill.Hov.nankyrkan,blandmossa 

pA kalkstensplaitor i stengardsgAra ocf,la Uien-a" en l6nn'.- Sparsam' Fertil' 

Intlwrbvnlpiw.-Bmdaarp: str-Jiiio--ati"na"*a, t"ruladrragevidnos::llî!l-"Tij2'5 m)' ett 10-tal smA 

--ii,i 

",oii"f, "ag -v"f.!t Canlatyrkans klockstapel. Riklig fttnkq*-:-!E:t 

"J-O-""C* iq p{NAgon.gAng gru' en ella blodr' Rikligfdr€komst i Od: SL 

Inbarb pubnonaria. 12 lok. - I ;;i*n'"* 

Mollwgen, eljest i ,"g"t eo'tec*tail fertil endmtl Od: Iriugg (asp) ah SL Mollungen Gok) 

"ptr"a"-. 

L. s$obbubta.44 tok _ rransll'i*,-".p ,"-i lt""t o"1 sLeltc"taseataT. I- r€Cel:p:.T81 eller enstaka ex. 

Funen fertil i Huilene: Boatorp och Huiene, Kvinnestad: uddetorp och skiilvene: Prastgerden' 

N;;il;;;;'._-Ail;&;;;;rr"tr."a",ru.ue,;rtmossbewenh6llil(rskog,encirka2m2stor 

yta. Ett ex med talrika apothecier, i 

"wigt Eteril' 

N. beyum. _ Asklmda: n"-";;l;;; i-?J;g tragmalk. Hov: ollestad asp. Hudene: B_o1torp, aspi hage. 

'xiitt*gul-"il* 

Kvinnestad: Uddeto.p, .rp i li.t Tostared och Kallunga, asp. Molla: Molladal, bok. Od: I 

km 0 

"g". 

om l-iimga, ek. Fertil. 

- N. ;;;i;;::fiov: ollestad,lsp strantlen; Gett"l:la., i ekhaee'Xvinnêsta-d: Uddetorp' asp i ekhage' en' 

"id 1sg 

i hage. od: Hagna, aep i hage Vesene: asp 

.-' 

xifi*i., -at- ro"t"r"a o"i-i

97 

parndriz meilitemnea. Hov: 1 km S om kyrkan, basen av m asp. Sparsam och steril. Den-i "Degelius 1935" 

- - 

under namnet Pc Nnrb pit,eo (DC.) Digel.fEine kiimmerliche Fom' publicerade uppgiften avser istdllet 

Pannarb neditenanea. 

Parmelb wbbutum. 104 lok. uivtrad vid vagar och palryrkogdrdar, frAmst ask, asp odrl6nn, Asp icke siillan 

- 

a"* il"g*f., men ilA sparsm - eller u""trk" 3 gtnger mL pt gran,4 cdncer pn sten och 1ging pA 

"r. 

triiglrd8gArd. Oitsst fertil (12? av 202 snL). 

p. 

HAllar, block och stengArdsgArdar, i regel i banskog. Oftast spamamma ftirekomster odt 

"r#fn*i.lStoU. ganska sdllan fertil - (16 av 100 ant.) 

p.ciipersa.t+?lok. Oftast stengardsgArdar, sirskiltutmed vagar och nellln_tkmrt stenar, block och 

- !a1.6st 

h6liar i barrskog. NAgra enstaki ganler [gnum. En gAng basen av en bjdrk' I regel fertil' 

p.digunctt.Sflok lfti'-*trt""Ctifrrgitauinlit.t iltiio-it"gsbryn,mellan Akruoch.utmed-vlgar. Avenblock 

- -ii.-tf."i 

S"ild fertil i Hov: Iimmiirgabitcken, Hdllestad: LindAsen och Molla: Stomlanda (3 av 118 ant.). 

p. er"spei"ti. gZ tok. L6vtriid, frlimst Lp, demast ask. NAgon enstaka gdng fmnm pA bj6rk samt pA trd- och 

- stengtlrdsgArdar uder asPar. 

p. it"pZilrrii. iO8 1ok. Litvtrecl, sarskilt ask, cp och l6nn. Y-tterst selhn barrtdd eller lignm. D5remot ganska 

- - 

"n{ "t""gaJ"gA"dar under trgd. Endast 2 gAnger mtrlifrad fertil (Od: Hdgna. apel odr Sk6lrene: On6s, try). 

p.Ci;brori;*.it"brarula 88lok. och ek. Slillan pA sten (13 av 118 anL). Mvcketsallan 

-Lovtriid,isynnerhetasp 19rl lok' 

- 

-fertil: 

Hallestid: Finnestorp, Od: SV om kyrkm, Skdlvene: MunkagArden' 

- "\'f"l-q\2Y' 

5t"ile"*ga"a*, trodr och itenar. Endast 4 ggnger etrSfrad pi lignu och 1 gtng pA triid (ask)' Gmska s6llm 

fertil (20 av16? ant.). 

p. i*i-*. iir f"f.. - S1angerdscgrdar i banskog, utmed vegar och nellan Akrar. Aven block och st€nar, s5rskilt 

- ' -l-t"-"f"g. e" cirka rso-ant" frentir 4 ftAn ligniim. Endast 4 g{nger mtrSfrad fertil (Hov, Hudene omunga *h 

S. Bj6rke). 

P. I/,roizs.1l8 lok. Dominerande stindort: stenSiirdsSlrdff, siinkilt utned v6gar och nellu lkrar. 3 g{nget 

- ' - 

- 

aot"ar"a pa -*t "a brdder och I gang p6 basen av en bj6rk. oftast fertil (9? av 150 anL). 

p. iGitii,itg lok. - E por"""a" "-t""ffta.gA.dar vicl vigar, netlu lkrar, i hagar och banskogsbryn' Aven 

' steia i viixlmtle milj6ei. 1 gAng mtrdffad pA en brrida. S6llaa fertil (10 av cirka 170 sL). 

p. 

"li,t;;. 121 lok. - Bj6rk do;in;rar gom substrat (u4 av 165 8nt.). Biand 6Ei8B ldYtrad friimst al (13 mL). 

Mycket a6llm pA barrtr6d (6 ant.). 

p. o ilio*". izi tol'. - rza tot- - Block och h$lu, siirskilt i bamkog, stenar odr stagtirdsStrdar i skiftgndi 

miljtler. Guska sdltan fertil ( av 200 mL). 

p. p""rriiît.iZ loL -HailaribamkogEmtblock och steng6rdsgArdar i bamkog-och pA.{fungbac}u. Steril. 

i.'irrln. g+lolt -Frlinst stenegrdsgidr utmed vdgu och nellm Akrar. I 6wigt hdllar, block och stenar pA 

virlande gttndorten Fertil 

p. Esr/ltitis. l4E lok. - Av cira 290 anl hArrsr 100 frnn sbngiirdsgdrdar, 8? frAn gt€nat, block odr hAllar' 80 ftAn 

l6vtr{d, 11 frtn b8rrffid och 13 ffin lignum. Oftast rteril. 

p, wntbi.106 lok - I synnerhet stengirdsg6r&r, Aven, men mindre ofta, strnar' block och hdllar. Fertila ex i 

Grude: Frimestad och Stenti, Hudene: FAglavik' S. Bj6rke: Alvatorp' 

p. ,Aii.-utii. 

block och etengiirdig{rdar i banskog. Ofta sparsam eller ostska ex. Icke sdllm fertil 

(9 -iellar, av 30 ant.). 

p. i*aurifera. ilf tot. - Invtrad (fremst asp, rdnn och ask) 200 mt, barrtrld (friimst tall och en) l? anL, 

st€ngddsggrdar (i regel under trid) 21 an|, lignm 9 anL Steril 

p. stil-ii.l5[lok- 310 substrstant2ckningarhenair 230 frAn l6vtriid, sdrskilt asp, ask, ek och 16m,8 

ffin barrtrAal, ?o -Av;rka fran stengerdsgardar, stener och block, 3 fran lign--r sallan fertil (30 uL). 

P. tarcti&. 12 l;k. Block, sten och stengiirdsglrder i variermde mili"' Oftast steril' 

1.i11,fit.:xiinestad: - jine,ask, rikl.,ltiin,lel mh oxelvidveg. Od: Skola,ssk.;Upptorp,triigiirdsgArdvidvag' 

' ''i 

er Stol"ene: Vlnle, aak vid vegpn, rikl. S. Bjdrke: kyrkogirden, ask, 1 er' Steril' 

- 

p.uenuculifera.26lok.*Exponsad-estengiirdsgArdarvidvigarochmellanAknr'IOdfumenfertil, elieststeril. 

iii"iiiiii,tiii.-Asklsnda:Romnef;ll M;ll8: sL bvAsen.Ndroga: Lida. Skdlvene: Priistgarden.-Gamla 

aspar. Sparsam. Fertil. 

poiltjpi{t *i!cs. BE lok. 29 av ant. fr6n ligrum (siimkilt sptntak ch trdgiirdsgArdat) U fren barrtriid (tall 

"t - 

och en). Oftast sparsam eller enstska ex. Steril. 

p, ambigw.LTSlok 156 av snL frAn lienum, 1l5frinb€rtr6d{fremsttstl),4? frAn ldvtrdd (frAmstbj6rk),9 frAn 

- 

Us;, 14 fran st€n. Fertila ex s{llsynta (19 av cirka 340 mt.)' 

p. hi,eiliaeslok ut. frAn lignum (framst-snittyts avstubbar),41frAn bantrAd (nEistan uteslutarde tall), 

- 

i-f"arito"ttga Ojork)4 -6,t frAn ljug] 3 frAn sten i bamkog. I regel sparsam eller enstaka ex. Endast3 gAnger (i Hov 

o Ldur) antrAffad fertil. 

pe1idiaphttusa.68lok.-p{marken,p{hlillar och stenar, bAde ibarrskog, hagBr och meraippen t€neng. Ganska 

s6llm fertil (16 av 88 mt.).

98 

p.cc,ttiw.L42lok.-PAmarkm, pA h5llarochstenari banskogochhegBr, stengnrdsgArdartrAdbaeer(siirskiltssp) 

samt stubbar. Oftast fertil. 

P. cotjiu. 58lok. i synnerhet asp, ek och ask, beskuggade stengiirdsgArdar unt stenar och stubbar 

-Ir6dba*r, i hagar. Siillan fertil (11 av 84 ant). 

P, t:4,riz0trtctts. g lok. Sten och stenglirilsgs?dar i hagar. Awn ghrbbar. I regel sparsam. Fertil. 

P.lepidnplum. Slok. - Broar ch sten i biick. Steril. 

- P.leucnphlebb. Sloh I regel hagmark. I regel spaffi. Uka o{ta fertil som steril' 

- P. moluea.16 lok. Oftast hnllar i bamkog. I Broddarp (Hallande) fertil, eljest stcril' 

p. potydacryla.ll5 - lok. PA mrken, pA mossigahdllar och stenar smt stengdrdsgdrdar. Mera s{llm pA stubbar 

- odr trddbaser Oftare fertil iin steril. 

p. pta^tenatu.33 lok. Oftast trtidbaser, siirskilt asp. Aven mossiga klippvaggar' stengiirdsg'rilar och stenar i 

- Itivskog och hagar. Ofta sparsam. Lika ofta fertil som steril. 

p, rufesetts.lZ to][--- Hiillu, stengiirdsg*rdar och stenar i exponemde ldgen Aven vligkanter, gnstag och gamla 

. hustomtcr. I regel skril (65 av 91 anL). 

P. x&rco. ? lok. Hellar och klippvii€gar i ban- ah ldvskog.Oftast steril (4 av 7 mL)' 

p. - 

spuric. 96 lok. Exponerade helir, itengardsgArdar och vligkanbr. Mycket stsllan pA stubbar. 

Plncophtxb nigrt:ua. - 6 lok. Ask ch l6nn. Steril' 

p.ortic;a*.s{toL-ltivtrfi,i - synnerbetsp, ask,latnn och alm (126 mt.). Stengtrdeggrdargravstenarm m uder 

skuggande tr6d (24 ant) Ytterst sellan pA lignu (laduvegd (1 ant.) Gs$l(r oft'a fertil (61 av 156 8nL). 

p. sc&r;;. SS lolc Stenar vid Au, bnckar ch pA sj6strAnder. Iblud hdllu i vAxlmde milj6er. I Egel steril (34 

avr14mL) - 

physci4 ad31;enda.s. 81 lok Laivffid, friirnst up, ask och liim (62 anL). Steng{rdsgtrilar och liwig sten (35 ant.). 

- 

- Shnfot till ladug6rdar(5 anl). Lignu (1 ant"). Sdllan fertil (12 av 10? mt')' 

p. oipofi@.I4lok, (6? ant.), min iche stllan iiren ask (13 anL). En enstaka g{ng pA wrdera alm, hbgtom, 

-Asp 

vligsten och stengtirdsgtrd. Fertil. 

p. coeib. U5 lok. vid vdgar och g6rdr, stenar vid beckar, Aar och sjOar. S{llan trdilbaser (11 

--Stengerdsg{rdar 

anL) och mycket.slllm lignuu (3 mt.). GmsLa .sellen fertil (23 av 160 ant')' 

p.dtbio.?Olole-nrannir Otsbnglrdsglrdar,men tvenblock(f&eltoppar) odr stenarvid 6aroch sjdu. Mycket 

saUan pA limu (5 anL) ch trAd, ask (1 anL)' Icke sallu fertil (13 av 94 mt)' 

p. unipintutal, 411561ga: $ro. Askluita: kyrkoglrden, s6llerh6g. Brcddarp: Bj6n.d, Halland4 Erftsberg: Bro 

Httentorp, Plogsfog. Grude: Smedstorp. Hov'.Fostorp, bvsj6, Ollestad Hudene: Boatorp, Ebbared' Igrtard' 

Stenugr,-Troitebo]tUil""t"dt Halestad, LCng6, Stl$nsholn. Jtrtlby: Jtllby, Steng{rdsslAtt Kvinnestad: 

nrrskyrl;, Sbnte. Kellup: Kdlungs, Moeebacken, liuclglabo. Midtdnnga: Gl0'rone, Midldroca, Sk9c8' 

Uo.UoUa:Uottarya,St. HvAten.N. Sen:Srertelstorp,Sgmsholm. Od:HAgna'Pic&e. OmuDga:Mellongirden 

StOt rcag; trtrurkagirden, hst€Arden, Sote€torp, Vitaheden. S. Bj6rke: Bjdrleilal, Jonetorp, Kringslbacken. 

Veene: Hall, V6g]Ora: Hjfittorp, Holmen Endast pA asp. Dock en ging pA stengtrdesglrd under en asp (2 

- 

er). 

p. crelLnis . 8r lok. Urvtr6d, i synnerhet asp (40 mt), ask (32) och l6m (?). 2 g{nger notend pA stenegrdsgAtd 

- under Hd. 1 gAng pA grawten. 

P.tewllz.t2ftlok:-ff"t:ad, (51anL), ask (42),lonn (25)och apel (ra). StengiirdseAndar, i regel uder 

trgd (59). En gdng noterad "a*Utt""p pa Abies och 3 gdnger p6 lignun. oftast etrril (cirka 150 av 250 atl). 

physa74ewer11|cntic. De mdernametPhysciogrieo(Iam.) Zahlbr. giordaanteckningam-atorde Atminston€ 

'tiII 

huvudparten avse den pA senare tid uskildaP. enteruo4tle. ?6 lok. Uvtriid, giirskilt l6m, ask och 8lm 

- 

if fg unt"l, atenggrdsgdrdar ch owig sten (6), lignm (l). Endst 1 gAng notend fertil i Hudene (gamla 

kyrkog{rden) pA l6nn (1 sp.) 

p.piue"fuatiOlok.-Lvtred,fr6rrstasp, dAmdstsk och litnn (260 mL); stengdrdsgirdu,iregel mderhed, 

ofta enstaka er. (30), bar*red (2) och lignum (2). 

plati.e;,matb glatga. 148 iok. Iivtrlid, fttinst bjdrk ( 104 st.), barrhed, frem* en, grs och tall (93), stengiirds' 

- 

- geta*, ti"* "ch stenar (9i), lignm, fremst tregdrdsg{rdar och spAntak (35). Endast 2 gAnger mtrriffad fertil 

i Hudene (Onaholmen och Olanda), pA st€n. 

Pseud,eplgbe minus(jrile. - Brodclarp: Attorp, stengardsgard i banskogsbryn. Hudene: Brobacken, exponerad 

.t"itcAra"ge"d "i4 viigen, Kiilluga: Tostared, exponerad stengdr&gird i banskogs.bryn. -Vesene: Giitestorp, 

blan-il skoilavar pl nAgra sgine send i .t€n$irdsgrrd utmcd Aker. - Spanan och steril. 

P. pthescens- 16 lok. - Friimst blck ch hdllar i bamkog. Steril' 

ii,n*e"ntof""fwwa- 183 lok. - I;vbdd, 15 olika trndslag, friimst bjdrk, (112 anl), barrtrAd, fr6mst tall (103), 

it"nglitd"€drdar (5?), block, stenar och hiillar (35), lignum, framst trtgtirdsgedar ch spAntak (31)' Mycket 

sell; fertil (8 av cirka 340 mt"). - f. soraliferu.3 lok. - Steril' 

pycnothelizpapitbria- 82 tok. -Hallaribanskog, siirskilttallhedar santliu8backar.I regelsteril (27 av36 ant.). 

iimaliwulisris. -Alboga:Oskanberg.Askluda: Romnefall. Grude:kyrkogsrdo. Hw: Friistorp,nAralryrkan, 

Ollestad. Hudene: GimmAs, Stenunga. HAllestsd: Ldngas. Kvinnestad: Skinte. Ljur: Lingared, MjAldrmga:

99 

Gliimme. Molla: Hult,nlirak5rkan,Molladal, Mollaryd. N. Sdm: Siim, Slimsholm. NArunga:Aned. Od:A.lmedal, 

Hiigna, St. Mollungen. Sk0lven: Mosslanrla, MunkgagArden, Orres, Pr6s€Arden, Vitaheden. Vesene: Gudmund. 

storp, VAsterled. Idvtrlid, fram* liinn, asp och ask En gAng pA Abies. 

R. capildra 15 lok. - Block (fAgeltoppar) pA ljugbacku och i gles tallskog n n . Steril. 

R, fariw. f66 lok. - Dominennde substrat 6r l6vhed, i synnerhet up, ek, 

- 

rk och l6nn (290 mt ). Barrtred, 

friimsten ochgran(35). Steng€irdsgerdr(25). Laduvliggaroch hegrdsgArdar(16. Endast lsgAngerantecknad 

fexlil. grazilentc. Broddarp: Groabol, gro och Hov: Frtistorp, en. Steril. 

R. -f. - - 

fastiAitta.l29lok. An suine, framst asp, ask och lilnn (19? ant.). Mycketsiillm barrtrdd 

(6), stengArdsg{rdar -Iitwrndsdominesen (4) och ladugArdsviigBar (6). 

R. fruinea. 126 lok. Ilivtriidsdominms iiven hiir, friimst asp, ask och l6nn (212 mt.). 1 ex. med en 2.5 cn bred 

lob. Barrtrlid (2 mt.). - Laduviiggar (7 anL). 

R. pollircria.26lok uteslutande stengiirdsgArdar, sirskilti niirheten avkyrkor. IN. Sdm pi gamla askar. 

St€ril. -N6stan 

R. polymorpha. Slok. Block i exponerade ltigen. Steril. 

8. siligzosa. Hov: Fraistorp,msten. - Kvinnestad:ndrakyrku, st€ngardesgArd; Skinb, block iljungbacke. Sparsam 

och steril. 

R. subfariwo.6lok. blo* nm. Sparmm och steril. 

8. tlrrczstc. -Vindexponende Halsa, NArunga: mellm Uda och Hulvik, Aned. Od: Ljuga. 6ra: cirka I km 0 om kyrkan; 

mellm I{As -Alboga: odr Hjiirttorp. Grm i gmskog. Spanan eh steril. 

Sphurcptorc - 

frogils. 9 lok. Exponerade h6llar och block. Spmm och steril. 

S. glo6osu. 140lok. Block och - stens i bamkog och hsgar (137 mL). Hlillar ch klippvdggar (21). Stengerdsgdrdr 

(18). Ldvtriid, - fraimstek och bj6rk (43). Barrtred, frdmsttsll (11). Stubbar(5). PAmossigatrAdstammarnAgn 

gAnger upp till 2-2.5 m h6jd. SAllm fertil (25 av cirka 210 mt.). 

Steremulon mrdens@tum. 16 lok. Pd md och grus. I regel steril (15 av 20 mt.). 

S. dactylophyllum. 114 lok. FYiimst - stengardsgArdar, sArskilt exponerade sAdma utmed viigar, mellan Akrar, i 

hagar och skogsbryn Avm - odlingsriisen. En gAng pA ett tegeltsh. 

S. &Jred. Hudene: Kd.rtared, stengiirdsg{rd i banekogsbryn vid vAgen; Stenuga, stengtirdsgArd i bjiirkhage. 

Hiillestad: - Llngi!, stengerilsgArd nellan viigen och ladugArden. Kvimestad: line, stengiirdsgArd mellm Akrar. 

- Stedl. 

S. euolutm. 1? lok. H6llar i 

grmskade av A. H. - Magnuson, har hiir nedtagits. 

S. grcnde. 3 lok. Hellar. Fertil. 

S. mo&s. - 39 lok. {ftast stengirdsgArdar utmed v6gar och i buskogsbryn, S5llm fertil. (6 av 50 mt). Se vidre 

Tublad 1943b! 

S. paxlule, l2lok - I regel hEllar i bamkog. Sdllan fertil (6 av 45 mL). 

S. pilecrum. 101lok.-Iregel stengiirdsgAdar, senkiltibamkogocb ekogsbryn.Icke gEllan fertil (25 av 130 mL). 

S. s@tire.60lok. Stengtirdsg{rdari exponeradeldgen;i skogsbryn, vidvAgaroch mellm lkrar. Mera sAllan hel}ar. 

Niistm lika ofte f€rtil Bom steril. 

S. submrallnid.a,2 lok. - Sten i ljugbacke och hillar i banskogsbryn. Fertil resp. steril. 

S. tomerxosum.22lok. - Oft,ast viigkant€r, stengardsggrilar utmed vtigar och gamla gnstag. Oftast fertil (13 av 

23 mt"). 

S. uesuuinum. 14 lok. - I regel stengiirdsgArdar i barrskogsbryn Sparsam och steril. 

Umbiliuriaqlindrica. 73lok. - Kultuskapade lokaler: stengiirdsgArdar och odlingsriisen (?8 ant.). Mycket siillm 

naturliga lokaler: block, stenhdll (5 mL). I Od: St. Mollmgm riklig ffirekomst, eljest oftast enstaka ex. I regel 

steril (61 av 83 ant"). 

U. dnmta. - Alboga: niim kyrkan, sponemd st€ngiudsggrd ndlm veg och Aker. Ett enda litet sterilt q. Se 

vidare Tublad 1943a! 

U. dzBta.L27lok.-OftastmhAffad pAhAllarochblock, sd.Ekiltibarskog(83 ut.) smtst€ng6rdsgirdar, slirskilt 

vid viigar och mellm Akrar (53). Aven stenar i kdn, vid biickar ch &ar (18). Tre gAnger funnen fertil (Hov: Eket, 

Skdlvene: PrAstgArden och Ora: Gamlarp). 

U. havawii. 9 lok. -. Stengtrdsg{rdar utmed vAgar och mellm Akrar. PA smtliga lokaler ett enda stcrilt ex. 

U. iirsura. 30 lok. - Av 35 st$ndortsl komner 25 frdn stengArdsg{rdar, sd,rskilt utmed vegar och Akrar- Owiga 

flin klippvAggar och blck. Ofta sparsm eller enstaka ex. Stcril. 

U. hyperboruvat hyperbom.87 lok - 103 av 108 ant. notemde pA stengirdsg6rdar vid vAgar, mellan Akrar och 

i banskogsbrSm nmt pA odlingsriism, 5 pA natuliga stAndorter- I regel sparsam eller enstaka q- Fertil. - var. 

radrbrzlc. 3 lok. - Fertil. 

U. nylanderiarc. ? loh. - St€ngtirdsg{rdar vid v5gar Enstaka ex. S&ril. 

U. polWhylla.1'ST lok. -Stengtirdsgirdar i 6ppmlilgen oeh odlingsr6sen (116 ant.). HAllar, block och st€nar,fremst 

i banskog (71). Olta rikliga f

100 

U. poUrrhiza. 100lok. -Av 150 stAndortsant. hiinf

Fig. -f-. The location of the study area. * = the locality of pamelia 

pastillifera (Hann. ) Schub. & XIem. 

In L946 Eklund described one islet with P. tiliacea as follows 

(Ioosely translated from Geman): rrSmall, treeless , grazed, by sheep. 

Rich1y - Palil. scor. on several small rocktops roanurLd by birds and 

sporadically elsewhere, obviously due to nitfate influence of sheep. r' 

(Eklund L958-) .. Today the islet is stilI alnost treeless, only i"w 

snall downy birches (Betula pubescens) and rowans (Sorbus aucudaria) 

are growing here and there. A11 the signs of grazing have vanished 

and juniper: (Juniperus comunis) and - heathei (cafluna rmlgaris) 

cover densely the low areas between naked rocks. The total area.of 

the islet is ca 2,5 ha and the maximum height is ca 5 m a.s.I. 

Several thalli of P. tiliacea, at least in three separate places, 

were, indeed, found. They occurred just around the topl of the rocks 

manured by birds, which is a typical habitat for the species in 

Finland- In one place the habitat was, however, different. The thal1i 

Tig . 2. The polymorphic 

isidia of parme]-ia 

pastillifera (Harm. ) 

Schub. & KLen. 

Del. Merja pitkinen 

* 

eJ..,. 

lmm

102 

were grorting on a gentfe sl-ope facing east' The exact site was close 

io tfr6 wateiline (6a. 1-2 n i-s.I.)' on the east shore of the islet' 

tit"-"t"itit""oprooi influence was inconspicuous compared to the tops 

of the rocks nearby. 

The thalli in tiris particular locality v/ere somewhat. smaller in 

size, but in good cottbition. The lobes were narrower than usually 

p. tiiiacea. Compared to the typically silv_ery. gray upper 

""""'in 

"ort"* of P. tilia""i, trr6 colour was stigntty nore btueish' .A -study 

on the isidia reveaGd that the tha1li b;Ionqed to P. pastillifera 

iii.rr.f lciruu. & x1;:. sorne of the isidia relenble youngf 

- leiodisc 

ip"iit"liu oe tn" genus Urbi).icaria (Jorgensen !g'72) | but.their form 

can also be more cornplex (fig. 2). bouJon & Hawksworth (1976) have 

tne norpholo'q'y in aLtaif and ny observatjons natch well 

, 

"trrai.a it"ii a"="ription. rnd'few coll.ected thalli are not, deposited in TUR' 

The richest coLony consisted of ca. lo5 sterile thalli within the 

area of 2x3 m, the G;;;;i thallus being ca'- 1q c1 in diatn' There 

were also innunerable v6ry snaff thalli iround the larger ones' Tl'o 

ieparate, snallertoloniei liea 4 m to south (1o thalli) and 1o0 m to 

;;;6;;;i (x5 rhallii.-Ttr" iir"rri of the largest colony lrere gathered 

;i-6; iiabs or shaitow furrows, which started frorn the noss carpet 

on upper slope. rt i= ;;;ibi",'-ttttt the thalrl of P' pastinifera 

benefit fron the ,"i"t 

-totttting along these furrows during and after 

rainfalls. 

The Doss carPet consisted of the f,ollowing species: 

Antitrichia curtipendula (Heds.) Brid' 

Dicranum scoParium Hedw- 

Hedwiqia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv' 

Hypnui cupressiforrne Hedw. 

orthotrichun rupestre schrtaegr- 

Polvtrichum Piliferurn Hedw. 

nac'onitriun lanuginosun (Hedn. ) Brid' 

TortuLa ruralis (Hedg-) Gaertn. 

The associ.ated lichens were: 

AnaDtvchia ciliaris (L. ) Korber 

e. i-uircinata (with.) Laundon 

Candelariella coralliza (NyI.) H. l'!agn' 

c. vitellina (Hof fn. ) l'liil1. 

Cladonia turgida Hoffn. 

Lecanora achariana A. L. sn. 

L. atra (Huds.) Ach. 

Pareelia consPersa (Ach.) Ach. 

P. pulla Ach. 

P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. 

P.tiliacea (Hofflo.) Ach. (a few meters away) 

Peltigera rufescens (weiss) Hulob. 

Phvscia caesia (Hoffn-) Fiirnr. 

P. tenefla (Scop.) DC. var. rnarina (E' Nyl') Lynge 

Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baung. 

U. polyphylla (L.) Bauog. 

U. torrefacta (Liqhtf.) schrader 

xanthoria Parietina (L.) fh. Fr. 

The bedrock around'tn6 area is composed of-.acidic (nicrocline 

qranite and mica -t""x". ;";f==);-iess "t"ay aciaic (granodiorite) tld basic 

i"iitiii"ili"l 

At the exact srowing of P'.Pastillifera 

-s1te. 

it is anphiboLite (suominen 1987) ' sorne field observations suggesE 

tn"i- p]'--p"=iiiiiriii plefers more base-rich subsrrates than P. 

tiliacea (Dobson a Hawicsworth 1976) ' In the British Isfes and in 

continentaL Europe Uoitr species are essential'ly corticolous (Dobson 

& Hawkslrorth 1976, wirth 1987) ' 

Dobson and Harrksw;;irt=-statea, that the 32 j,nches (ca. 813 mn) Per 

u.rno. *"at rainfall isopleth and the +2oc January mean isotherm at 

=.i i.".f deternine the -linits of P. pastillifera and P. tiliacea in

103 

the British rsles fairry- crosely (the forroer requires nore humidity 

and more rrarmth than the latter) . rn southwestern- Finland 

gron 

the speciei 

together. The annual precipitatlon in the study area is 550 nrr 

-(solantie 

1982a). The raean nonthry temperature is'below %"C-ir"t 

Pgg:tnber to April. The coldest nonth i! February (-4oc) (Helminen 

1987). Per:manent s-nov cover. usually protects vegetation' between 

January and mid-April (solantie 1987b). 

The occulrence of p. pastillifera in Finrand was sonewhat unexpected 

because in Europe 5.t- !s usually considered as an oceanic species 

(Dobson & Hawksworth 1976). rn northern Europe it was formerly knornrn 

only frorn hrestern Noreray (Krog et a1. 1980). So, the 

only 

find is not 

nehr to Finland, but also the first around. the Bartic sea. Due 

its rarity,_ 

to 

the spec-iee is in the prelirninary, new listing 

threatened 

for the 

lichens of Finland (in rnanus.). At fresent p. pasiillifera 

is not-directly,endangered. Tirus, the proper-category iould be .rin 

need_ of T?I1!"rlI-lg], (M) and its subcategbry .t."!r - 

(Mr) (Rassi & 

varsanen 1987). Although within the south$estern Archipelago itational 

Park, the is"1et has not yet been purchased by the sta€e- - 

AcknowLedgenents 

r wish to thank !4r. orvo vitikainen for confirming ny deternination 

of-Pa::melia pastirlifera- (Ham.) schub. & K1en.. frr.-seppo Huhtinen 

and- Miss Marja vieno rnade valuabLe comnents on the nanir3cript. tne 

field hrork Lras financed by the lrinistry of Environnent and the 

Archipelago Research rnst,itute of the university of rurku praced a 

boat at ny disposal. 

TITERATT'RE 

Dobson, F- s. & Hawksworth, D. L. 1976: parrnelj.a pastillifera (Ha n.) 

shub. &.Klen. and p. tiliacea (Hoffn.) ech. i'n the British Isles. 

' - Lichenologist g: 153-152. 

Eklund, O. 1958: Die cefesspflanzenflora beiderseits Skiftet in 

Scherenarchipel Sfrdwestfinnlands. - Bidrag Kennedon Finl. Natur 

FoIk 101: r-324 + 84 DaDs. 

Hel.ninen, V. A. 1987: Kuu)

GraphisScriPta2: 104-105' 1989' 

104 

Notes on the Lichen Flora of Southern Sweden 

Iltf Arup & stefan Ekman, Dept. of systematic Botany, university of Lund, 0. vallgatan 18-20' 

5-223 61 Luad, Sweden. 

Anuberoflichensanducheni@losfungiareh.ere.reportedn*toprovinesofsout}emsweden,mainlySkAle, 

but also Blekinge, Oland, Gotland,-illl"ia, ff 

"ffr"a uirtl i{ost of the frnds have been made bv us during 

Pohusl6n. 

198?-8g, but in the list we b.*'fff;ili;Ji-i"* n"a. of species previoulv never published from these 

"la 

ot"Tllii, 

,u *r" are new to skine, 10 to Blekinge, 3 to oland, t ta cotland, 2 to smaland, 5 to Halland and 1 to 

BohuslAn. 

Allcollectionsarerleposit€.lattheBotanicalMuseuminLud(LD).Thewcd"pollarded"isusedfortheSwedish 

expression,hamlaa:,*rri.t -"*.-ti"ltiliiu"roi*r"t""".tr"*u"encutregularlyforthepurposeoffeedingcattle' 

Abcconditella sphagincu'E Vezda &PelL Halland': G8llinge par" Store mosse'-e 1 km SW of the churdr' on 

eq 

T 

ci-non in eouthem Sweds but rarelv visitd bv 

naked peat in ilitch, 1988 

lichenologists and thus this ^fr';ui;*;- 

species i8 probably overlookeo' 

- 

Agouiniatritticula rNvr.lzar,rt",b-r"JliJt"tit"a p"t.,$teGreatAlvar, in thekantarea6s0mN ofGdaslutla. 

-- 

".onu -orr"" anil Synalissa symphorea, 1986 Ekmm & r' F$bere' 

*#;i:i#;;';G;iliil:6H;;;rl"rit'e 

n-'i;'111s ofvem-abv' on old Qucrcus-bv ttre r'o'sd' 1e88 Arup' 

Arthrorhaphie ciEiaella GdJ;;"lt sd;goot p*., uu"t"rp,_on shad"d boold"r, r89,1_N. Alvthin (LD). 

- 

'-Tt"-""-Jia-o"t., 

SoderAsen, SdHintzn, on gtone, 1€04 N' Alrd;hin GD)' No recmt rords' 

- 

Ar-rrrrortaphic grile8 Tr" Fr. ;fr;;[il;;; l-q" tg. z-y n chuc.h), on mdy rcad-side' 1988 Anrp 

"rt]re 

& Etman. aJ"rch,-s*sloraberg, on v-ertica roc\i1l;$clngslope,1988 

-Kvibill"p*., ".'iElJffi-"itit" 

o*t & ;i--. - Sfa*i rJ p-. - "oli it tt'e *tif*us forest iust N of Ljugen' 1986 Elmsn' 

Baciiliabigtorin"

105 

Lau backar, on calciferous soil, 1963 T. Smdin (LD, det" S. Ekman). - Visby pan, N of t}re tom, 1880 O G. 

Blonberg(LD, det. S. Eknm). 

Catillaria sphaemiites (Dicks.) Schuler. S&dne :Allerum par., Kulla Gunarstorp, 1903 Alvthin (LD). -Riseberga 

par., Shtiralid, on Alnus, 1946 Almbom (tD). - Two recent reords from SkAne: Ottarp par., BAlteberga, on 

Fminus in the ravine W of the meor, 1988 Arup & Ekmm. - Riseberga par., Skdralid, on Fagus 1.3 km W 

ofH6ja, 198? Arup & Ekman. -Smdlond: S. Unnaryd par,, c. 900 m NI.IW of HAsslehult, at the bue of Fagus, 

1988 Arup & Ekman. 

Chqenotheca chlor€lla (Ach,) Miitl. Arg. (C. carthusiae). Sldru: Riseberga par., Skiiralid, on lignum of stmding 

Fagus near the brook, dark md damp, 1988 Arup & Ekmm, conf. L. fibell. 

Chaenot}eca chrysoc€phala (Ach.) Th. Fr. Sldu: Orkened par., Bjdrkhuit, 1100 m E of p. 102.41, on Betula 

vemcosa in rather shady sitution, 1988 Arup & Ekman. 

Chaenotrheca coniophaea (Nom.) Tibell (Coniocybe c.). Shftre: GlimAkra par., Sponakulla, on pollrded 

Fruinus, 1988 Arup & Ekmm. - Orkened par., Bjdrkhult, on pollarded FYuinus at the fam 1400 m ENE of 

tlre N end of Ekeshultssjiin, 1988 Arop & Ekmm. - The deteminations have b*n onfimed by L. fibell. 

Previously knom frcm Osterg$tland and northwards. 

Chaenotheca ferrug:inea (Sn.) Migula. S,tdm: At about 10 localities, on both deciduous md coniferous trees, 

198?-1988 Arup & Ekmm. - C. femginea is resistant to air pollution Clibell 1978) and it has probably become 

much more frequm! not only in SkAne, but also in other parts of southem Swedm. 

ChaenotJreca stemoDea (Ach.) Mnll. Arg. Sldne: Torekov par., Hallands Viider6, 1950 O. Alnbom (LD), det. L. 

Tibell. - One recent reord: Kiaby pr., Iv6, on rcot of Fagu 900 n SE of tlre N end of tlte isled, 1988 Eknan. 

ChaeaotJreca rylorera Nadv. Ble&izg€: S6lvesborg par., Valje g{rd, on lignum of standing but dead, Quercu in 

rather shady situation, 1988 Arup & Ekman, conf. L. Tibell. - S&dre: Dalby par., DalbSr Sdderskog Nat. Park, 

on deadUlmus,darkmd&mp,1988Arup& Ekm, deL L. Tibeli.-Previouslyknomfitm Ostergdtlmdand 

northwards. the species may be overlooked in southem Sweden. 

Oadonia equuosa (Ssp.) Hofrm.vsr. dubsquamosa (teicht.)Vain.Sldnr: RiseberEEpa!., Skiralid, in a scree 

slope, 1988 Arup & Ekmm. - S. Mellby pu., Stenshuwd NaL Park, on boulder in tle E slope, 1987 Ekman. 

Collema occultatun Bagl. var. occultatu. Blzkinge'. Kykhult par., Mulatorp, on Populus tremula in the 

conifercus forest E ofthe croft, 1988 Ekman. 

Fuscidea viridis Tensberg. Sidrc: Oved par., on Carpinu by Borstbiicken N of Ryet, 1988 Arup & Ekmm. 

Perlatolic acid detset€d by TI,C. 

Gyafecta fiotowtiKoert. Bl*tqe: Kyrthult pr., Mulatorp, on pollarded Fruinu in rather opm situation, 1988 

Ekuu. 

G5ralectajeaeaeig(Bat€cjh)Zahlbr.St E:Iv6pu.,Ugnsnmama,800mNWofOsterggrd,onshrdedcalcareous 

rock, 1988 Ekmm 

E54roceaon;rce car:adoceneis Nyl.) P, rlues & G. Schneider. Hallard: Gd'llinge pu., Store mosre, c. 1.2 tm SW 

oftle chulcb, on an olcl wooden pole, 1988 Arup & Ekm. -81dru: GlimAkra, Spormkulla, on moden mll of 

thefgrm, 1988Arop& Eknan. -This species is resistantto airpollution (Iimdal 198t1). Tltus, H. caradocensis 

maybe inmsingin southern Sweden. 

IrccaaorauilrcwiiB.del:silS&dne:Torekovpu., HallandsVader6, onmuinerocksinsevemlplaes,l9S8Arup 

& Ekman. -Fron Sweden previously known only frcm Bohuslan. 

Lecanora poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Adr. S&dne: Hov par. 1895 N. Alvthin (LD). - One recent record: Torekov par., 

Hallands Vdder{, Kohallen, m bird top by the sea, 1988 Ekmu & L. F$berg. 

Lecanorarimicola H. MagD.Sldue:Torekovpar., HallandsViiderii, on marinemks. -From Sweden previoualy 

knom only fm Bohusl{n. 

Icmm subcarea (Liljebl.) Adr. w. sonlifm H. Magn- Sldre: S. Mellby par', Stenshuwd NaL Park, on 

vertical rock in the E slope, 1987 Ekman. 

Iccidea epiraatloidiz- Nyl, Srt.dz: Arkelstor? par., near the rcad t hm WSW of Hillestorp, amongmosses on old 

Fagus, 1988 Ekman. Gyrophoric acid deiect d by TLC. 

I:ciitella wulfenii (HeppJ l

species in several places in northem SkAne, where it grows abudantly on Psilolechia lucida (I*cidea l.) mainly 

on the undereide ofboulders in stone fences. Probably rather coomon. 

Microcaliciun dissemiratup (Ach.) Vain. Ble&lnire: Ngttraby p8r- c. 500 m N of SkAna, E of the mad, on Quercts 

amongotherdeciiluous trees, fairly shady situation, 1988 Arop. Batringe par., s. olsbjdr, on Quercus 

-Sldne: 

bythJrcad, open sitution, 1988Arup & bkm. on oldQuerc.sin theparlq 1988 

-Ferlovpar.,Torsebrobruk, 

.{rup & Ekaan. ottarp par., BEltebergg on ulmus in a ravine w ofthe manor, 1988 Arup & Ekman. 

- -Torekw 

par., Hallands Vadero, on Quercu in Ulagapskiinet, tlark and tlamp, 1988 Arup & Ekmm, onf' L- Tibell' 

Mycoblastus sterilis coppins & P. James. Elelrnge: Kyrkhultpar., Mulatorp, or yougQueros petraea E of the 

crcft, 1988 Arup & Ekron. Sk&re: Not s@mmon on snooth bark of deciduous trees, especially in the 

nortlrern psrts, 1987-88 Arup - & Eknan. 

Paraeliella triptophyUa (Ach.) MOll. Arg. Sftdne : Rrseberga par., Skdmlid, on Fagu in shady situation near the 

brook, 1988 Arop & Ekman. 

Placfrnthiella icnalea (Ach.) Elenkin. S[dra: fairly common on lignum and humus, rarely on bark, 198?'88 Arup 

&Ekmm. 

Por?idia niglocrgenta (Anzi) Hertel. stdru: Mukarp ps., ommaq on stone, 1894 N. Alvthin (LD, det. L.-8. 

itoh.). -iOr" r"."nt record: GlimAkra par., Sponakulla, on boulder in a stone fence, 1988 Arup & Ekman. 

Sclercphon pemlella (Ach.) Tibell ( Coniocybe p.). Sldre: S0vde par., Sdvdeborg, on Ulmu in the park' 1988 

Arup&Ekmm. 

StriaDgospora piniola (Mssl.) Koerb . HolJad:Iaholn par., H6khult, on woodm fence, 1988 Arup & Ekmm' 

- Sldne : Torekov par, Hallands Vdder6, on lignrm of Juniperos, 1988 Arup & Ekmm' 

'1 06 

Trapelia obtegens Cfh. Fr.) Hertel. SMne: Rather frequent on shaded siliceous todrs, but also in mell crevices 

of rocks in open situations, 198?J8 Arup & Ekman. 

Trapelia placodioides coppins & P, Janes. sldm: Godeliiv par., Romeleklint l?96 4rue._& I(nulrson. - 

itiseberga pu. Skenlid, on shaded rock, 1988 Arup & Ekman. - Torekov par., Hallmds Vtider6, on flat rock 

in openiitution, 1988 Arup & Eknm. 

Trapeliopsis pseudogranuloia Coppins & P. Jmes. Sldne : Dalby par., 2.6 km NE of the church, N-facing rcad 

iiae, rgg8 Arup e Eknan. - Ri*berga par., Skiiraliil, in sffee slope, 1988 Arop & Ekman' 

References 

Lindblom, L & MAreby, J. 1989: Igenvimingms inwkm pA lavflorn pA ekstanmu. GraphLs Suipta 2 (3). 

Muhr, L-b. 198?: !'loristic notes from Sweden md Finlmd. Groplrirs ScriPtz 1tU5. 

Santesrcn, R L981: Tfu licherc of Swe&n erd NoruaX. Stckbolm and Uppsal& 

thor, G. 1688: Catoplaca lueifugi: A new lichen speciea from Empe. Ziclrcnologist 2qD:1?5-14 

fibti, f,. fgZAr L"ordningen Caliciales i Sveriga Sltktena ghaenotheca och Coniocybe, SwBh Bot. Tidshr. 72: 

171-188. 

tiUett, 1,. fSAO, krordningen Caliciales i Sverige. Slnktcna Cyphelium, Misocalicium, Sphaerophoros, Sphinctrina, 

Thelomma ch fholuma. Suerul Bot. Ttlshr. 74:6549. 

fimdai, E. 1984: nre genus HJpocenomyce (Icmorales, Irciileaceae), with special emphasis on tbe Noruegian antl 

Swedish species. Nord.. J. Bot. 4:8&-108.

Graphis Scripta 2z 107-113t 1g8g. 

TTTE LICIIE!{ FLORA ON I'I,MUS IN A 

INTRODUCTION TO TTIE LITERATTTRE 

Steen N. Christensen, Institut 

hagen, Oster Farimagsgade 2 D, 

NORTTI GREEK I.IrcU!*TAIN VILI.AGE WITTI Al{ 

ON GREEK LICHENS. 

for Sporeplanter, University of Copen- 

DK-13 5 3 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 

Abstract: The lichen fIora, which cormodate species of tvro communities, 

viz.: Lobalion and xanthorion, total 31 taxa of which 3 are 

nebr to the Greek Mainland (Lecanora chlarotera ssp. rneridionalis, 

Pyrrhospora quernea, and Xanthoria fall-ax) and the }ast nentioned 

is new to the r"rhole of Greece. 53 references are given to the 

literature on creek lichens. 

IntroductLon. 

The lichen flora of the creek rnaj.nland is not very well" known. Most 

of the pulrlished papers give only scant floristic notes, dealing mainl,y 

$rith the geographical distribution of the taxa, rather than their 

substrate and habitat preferences, or the comnunities which they are 

part of: Bory de Saint-Vincent (1832, non vide), Chaubard & Bory de 

Saint-vincent (1838), Hepp (in Unqer 1862), steiner (1893, 1898, 1915, 

1919a et in Halacsy 1894a, 1894b, 1894c, 1894d), Kerner (1895), Zahlbluchner 

(190?), Itarmand & Maire (1909), Servit (1932, 1935), Diapoulis 

(1936b), Szatala (1940, 1941a, 1941b, 1959), RiisAnen (1944), Politis 

(1953), Diannelidis (1955), Geissler l!911), and Ried1 (19?8). Lichen 

parasites yrere reported by steiner (1893, 1898 et in Halecsy op. cit.) 

and by Keissler (in Rechinger 1914). (The some tines cited Steiner in 

Fritsch (1900) is disregarded as the sampllng sites are located in 

Turkey (cf,. Verseghy 1982)). Likewise are only a limited number of 

papers with mainly floristic notes published frorn Crete (Zahlbruckner 

1905, Steiner !9!1, Szatal"a in Rechinger 1943, 1951, Kleinig 1966, 

Rond.on 1959), frorn the fonian Islands {Hepp in Unger 1862, K6rber 1858. 

Arnold 1887, Steiner in Rechinger 1915), and from the Aegean (Forsyth 

Major & Barbey 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, Stefani et al. 1895, Steiner 

1919b, Cengia-Sanbo L924, 1927, Servit 1933, Szatala in Rechinger 1943). 

Epiphytic Iichens on Abies cephalonica were published in WiLnanns & 

Phitos (1950), and Degelius (1955) in his survey of the Collerna flora of 

the Greek mainland gave species lists frorn Abies cephalonica in two 

locaLities. The lichens of different substrata on Peloponnes hrele surnmarized 

by Rond.on (1970). waLter (1975) arranged her collected tichens 

according to plant comnunities, and Hayek (1928) published short ]ists 

of lichens frorn severaL plant cordluniti.es on Mt. Olympos, as did 

Diapulis (1936b). wilmanns (1959) surveyed t$ro epiphytic comnunities in 

Northeastern creece and zo1ler et al. (1977) incLuded lichens in their 

sociological work on forests types in N Gleece. 

This study presents the lichen fl.ora on Ulmus tlees in a rnountain 

village in northern Pindos, Greece. 

The locality. 

The Lichen flora was investigated on ULmus trees j.n the vresEern 

outskirts of the village Perivolion. The vi11a9e is situated in tllacedonia, 

in nomos (= prov.) and eparchia (= nunicipal.ity) crevenon, in 

northern Pindos, Lingos range, about 6 km NNE of !tt. Avgo, about 25 kn

108 

NNW of the town Metsovon. 39o 59'N 21o 0?r E (Fig. 1). Ihe altitude is 

1230 m and the bedrock is serPentine. 

The c1i:nate. 

The interior of the Greek mainland is very badl-y covered by 

meteorological stations (vlafter & Lieth 1960) ' but deduced flom Em 

(1962) , Oiris ( L975) , Polunin (1980), and Kotinis-zardbakas et aI. (1984) 

the climate of the northern Pindos can roughly be described as folLobts: 

The cLimate is continental htj.th more than 20"C difference betxeen sutrmer 

and winter averages and a mean aDnual temperatule of about 15"C. The 

nean annual precipitation is about 1000 rrm or more, $tith the greater 

part falling in the winter time. f,n mid surcner there is a 1-2 nonth dly 

period. Much of the preciPitation fal"ls as snow which above 1000 m may 

1ay from mid Deceribe! to early March, while above 2000 m continous snow 

may Iie til} mid Flay. 

c 

6r 

0 

'u- 

Fig. 1 . The approximate possition of the village Per j.volion - 

'bG

llaterials and nethods. 

109 

Some of the deterninations are provisional. ]n these cases it is 

indicated in what way the specimens deviate frotn the taxon to irhich they 

are referred. 

The specirnens, collected 28. vI. \9'18, are deposited at the 

Botanical Museum, Copenhagen (c), and in the authoris private herbariun. 

List of specLeE. 

Anaptychia ciliaris (L. ) K6rber 

Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. 

With rather thick thalLus margin (Sochting pers. comr.). See note 

in Nimis & Poelt (1987). 

Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm. ) MiiU. Arg. 

candelariella xanthostigma (Ach. ) Lettau 

collema sp. (juvenil-e) 

Evernia prunastri (L. ) Ach. 

Lecanora algentata (Ach. ) Malme 

Lecanora carpinea (L. ) vain. 

Lecanora chlarotera NyI. 

Lecanora chlarotera Ny1. cf. ssp. meridional-is (H. Magn.) C1auz. et Roux 

The disc is darker than in L. chlarotera s. str. and is pruinose. 

It also deviates fron the latter by apothecia not beconrning green- 

ish with addj-tion of water. The spore size (13-14 x 7i-9 !un) is, 

ho$rever, mole in accoldance with ssp. chlarotera (10-16(18) x 

4-8(9) trn) than $rith ssp. rneridionalis (8-12(14) x 4-7(8) un) 

(Clauzade & Roux 1985). See also Nimis & poelt (1987). 

Lecidel.la elaeochroma (Ach. ) Choisy v. elaeochroma 

Lobaria puljnonalia (L.) Itoffm. 

Lobaria scrobicul.ata (Scop. ) DC. 

Nephloma resupi.natum (L. ) Ach. 

According to Janes & white (198?) N. resupinatun is confined to 

alpine areas in southeln Europe, e. 9. in Northern cleece. Their 

own specimen citation from Greece is from the montane zone as is 

al,so the present specimen. It is the experience of the present 

author that N. resupinatum j.s very co[unon in the montane folests of 

nolthern creece. In northern Pindos it has been coll-ected by the 

present autho! in Fagus wood.s in Gralrunos l"!ts., 1850 m, 23. VII. 

!971; Vlt. Augo, Lingos range, 1?50 rn. 1. VII. 19?8; Mt. Fringovimata, 

Lingos range, 1350 n, 7. VII. 1978; and Mt. Koleo, Lingos 

range, 1450 n, 15. VII. 1978. It has aLso been collected on Abies 

cephal0ni-ca in a mixed Abies-castanea forest on Ewia (Eub;ia), ttt. 

Dirfis, 1025 m, 4- rv. 1978 and from pinus nigra forests ai severarlocalities 

:n the pindos ranqe. 

ochrolechia szatalaensi.s vers. 

ThaL1us, thallus_margin.and disc of apothecia react K_, C_, KC_ and 

is thus in accord.ance with the description of the species iVerseghy 

1041\ 

Parmelia acetabulum ( Neck. ) Duby 

Thallus lead-grey by incrustations, excepr. 

which are greenish brown ( cf. Nimis & poelt 

Parmelia glabra ( Schaerer ) NyI. 

Parmelia glabratula (Lamy) Wyt. 

Parmelia pastillifera (Harm. ) R. 

Parmelia saxatilis ( L. ) Ach. 

Parmelia sulcata Th. Tayl. 

v. glabratula 

Schubert & Klem. 

for the marginal 1obes 

1987 ) .

'I 10 

Parmelia tiliacea (Hoffin. ) Ach. 

ParrnetieLla plumbea (Lightf . ) vain. 

Mediterranean form with isidia-like lobules (Jorgensen in litt.). 

Sterile. 

Peltigera praetextata (Somnerf. ) Zopf 

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Hunb.) Fiirnr. 

Physconia distorta (with. ) Laundon 

syn.: P. pulverulacea Moberg 

Pyrlhospora guernea (Dicks.) K6rb. 

Steril.e. 

Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. 

Ramalina fraxinea (L. ) Ach. v. fraxinea 

Usnea Lapponica vain. 

Syn. U. fulvoreagens (Rds') Rds. 

TLc: Usnic and salazi.nic acids. 

Xanthoria faLl-ax (HepP) Arnold 

DiscussioD. 

The village is surrounded by two tlPes of forests: Fagus silvatica 

(F. moesiaca) iorests on serpentine in more humid locations' e' g' in 

ravines, and Pinus nigra forests on linestone and serpenting in'nore dry 

conditi6ns, e. g. on ridges. The Fagus forests halbour a Lobarion 

conrnunuty while-a Pseudevernion community is found in the Pinus forests. 

The flora on the Uljnus trees is sociologically a mixture of two 

conmunities, viz.: Lobarion pulmonariae and Xanthorion Parietinae' 

the Lobarj.on is normally confined to o1d natural forests with ttlgh 

hunidity or on trees in sheltered, hunid Pfaces along rivers and the 

like- In very humid pl-aces it can be found on road side ttees (.tames et 

al. 1977). 

The Xantholion is characteristic of places which are nutrient 

enriched and often erelt 1it (Jarnes et al. f971r, e. g. on trees in 

villages. 

i similar mixture of the two cotlfiunities was reported by Rose 

(1985, 1983) from forests in southern France and ltaly, and by christensen 

(1988) from fstlia, Jugoslavia. The reason for this mixture seems to 

be that the Xanthorion spe-ies are favored by the nutrient enlichment 

duri.ng the dry, hot sununLrs, while the high hunidity of the,raiDy winter 

seasoi is sufiicient for the species of the Lobarion (Rose 1985). It 

must also be noted tbat fog and heav!'devt formati'on ale not uncomnon 

phenonena in mountainous areas - even in the drY season' 

A few of the taxa have not been published frorn the Greek uainland 

in the papers cited in the introductj.on. ochrolechia szatalaensis is, 

however-, reported from Peloponnesos by verseghy (1952). The taxa Lecanora 

chlarotera cfr. ssp. meridionalis, Pyrrhospora quelnea, and Xantholia 

fallax seems to be neh' to the Greek Mainland. Nor are they reported from 

crete, the lonian Islands or f,rom the Aegean (Iit. cit.). lecanora 

neridionalis Magn. and Pyrrhospora quernea are rePorted from Ewia bY 

Krause & Klement (:-962). xanthoria fallax is thus new to Greece. 

AcknowledgeDeDts. 

P. M. Jorgensen has revj-sed Parme1iella, U. Sochting caloPlaca' and 

O. Vitikainen Pel.tigera. D. Phitos (Pat!as) has been he]pfuJ.l $tj-th the 

cornpilation of the literature. They are all greatfully acknowledged.

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Graphis Scripta 2:114, 1989. 

114 

TICHENOLOGICAL NOTES FRoM DENMARK 

Svanhildur Svane, Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus, 

Nordlandsvej 58, DK-8240 Risskov. 

Irecanota caesiosora Poelt and Epibtyon poTyphagum D6bb. are 

reported as nen to Denrnark and the latter one also on a new 

host2 Metzgteria furcata (L.) Dun. 

Lecanora caesiosora was collected during the Nordic Lichenological 

Society's excursion to Bornholm on June 29, t987, in the quarry by 

the cry"t"I lJake at Hamneren (ss ?215). It was found on the loefer 

part oi one of the Loose granite boulders on the shady side as a 

rather big, welf-developed crust, but sterile. 

L. caesiosora belonqs to the Lecanora subfuscata group and is 

recognized by big, granular, white-greybfue soralia on a grey, 

verrucosa thallus and K+ yel1oe? reaction. It has been collected in 

various places in the Southern part of Sweden and in Rogalang in 

Norlray (santesson 1984). It has furthermore been found in the 

south of Tirol and Gernany, always on acid rocks (Poelt 1955) ' 

Epibryon pofyphaqun D6bb. During an excursion of students on April 

5, 198? to the rernnants of a beech forest south of silkeborg. central 

Jutland, f noticed whitish dead spots of a few cn in dian' in 

the moss on the stems. The moss, t'letzgeria furcata (L.) Dun', appeared 

to have snall black ascostronata on the dead thallus' A 

tnallus was not visible, but by nicroscopy algae were found surrounded 

by fungal hyphae around the ascostromata. The lichenized 

f,ungus tss zrsz) was identified as Epibryon PoTyphagun {D5bbeler 

!978, p. 229). 

E. poiyphagun was described frorn Hordaland, Norway and has been 

found i coirpf! of times in that area on Bazzania or Rhacomit;".ium 

Tanuginosui (Hedw. ) Brid. The present discovery on MetzEeria futc€ta 

rnay indicate that the host species is without itTrportance. 

species growing together rith it wete Mieatea prasina Fr' and loiaria 

pulnonarja (L.) Itoffn. and on the non-rrossy parts TheTotrena 

Tepadinun (Ach.) Ach. and Pertusatia hynenea (Ach.) Schaerer' 

I would like to 

Alstrup for their 

References: 

t.hank prof . G. Degelius, D1. . J. David and Dr. V. 

kind assistance with the determinations. 

D6bbe1er, P. 1978: Moosbewohnende Ascomyeeten I. Mitt- Bot. 

Staatssaml. trliinchen t4: 1-350. 

poe1t, J. :-956: Zur Flechtenflora des Bayerisch-Bohnischen WaLdes - 

-Denkschr. Regensb. Bot - Ges . 25:55-95. 

Santesson, R. 1984: The lichens of Sweden and Norway. - Stockholm 

and Uppsala: 333 PP.

115 

Graphis Scripta 2: L15-117 , 1989. 

NOTES ON THE LICHEN FLORA OF DENMARK. III. 

HEI,LBOM, S I,TCHENS FROM BORNHOIJM AND OTHER MATERIAL IN GB. 

Vagn Alstrup, Institut for Okologisk botanik, 0. Farinagsgade 2D, 

DK-l-353 Kdbenhavn K. 

53 species reported by Hellbom from Bornholm are confirmed , 24 

species are redetermined and excluded from the flora. 38 species 

are still dubious for the island while 13 lichens and 1 1ichenicolous 

fungus are new to Bornholm. Psorotichia scJraereri 

should be deleted from and Lecidea nigrocruenta added to the 

Danish Lichen flora outside Bornholm. 

Prior to NLF's excursion to Bornholrn I prepared a prelininary list 

for this island (Alstrup 1987 ) . At that time I had studied duplicates 

of some of Hellbom's collections of in C but not his main 

collections, which are kept in G6teborg (GB) . In the prelininary 

list I therefore included rather many species reported by Hellborn 

(1890) on his authority. I have now studied the collections in GB, 

and my findings are reported here. 

Confirned speeies 

Collections of the following species reported by Hellbom were studied 

and bis identifications confirmed ( the loealities of the seen 

material are given when more collections were cited by tlellbon) : 

Acatospora heppii, Aerocordia conoidea, Atthonia didyna, A. punctiformis, 

e. Japponina, Arthopyrenia grisea, AspieiTia radiosa, 

A. recedens, Bacidia arceutina, B. bagLiettoana (Hammeren), B. 

phacodes, BueTTia schaereri, B. s teJLulata, B. venusta, CatiLl.aria 

erysiboides, C. globulosa, CTauzadea monticola, DimereTLa pineti , 

Gyalecta truncigena, KiTiasia ( Catinaria ) athalLina , I'ecanora ctenuJ.ata 

, Lecidoma demissum, Leptogiun paJmatum, Leptoraphis epidernidis, 

Micarea Jignaria, M. nitschkeana, MyeobiTinbia hypnorum 

(Biatora atrofusca) , M. sabuletorun, MycopytenuTa coryTi, Nephroma 

arcticun, Opegrrapha personii , O. saxj coJ,a, Pertus aria chiodectonoides 

, P. coccodes , P. hynenea, Pol-ychidiun rnus cicoTa, Psoroma hypnorum, 

Rhizocarpon geminatum, R. Tavatum, Schaereria cinereorufa, 

.5. f uscocinerea (Hammeren 1884 ) , Sphinctrina turbinata, staurothele 

cTopima, StereocauTon incrustatum, TheJidiun decipiens, T. ninutuium, 

Thrombiun epigaeum, TomasseJJja geiatinosa, Verrucaria 

dufourei, v. hiascens (Hammershus) , v. hochstetteri , V. maeuLiformis 

( Irirnensgade ) and V. margacea . 

Species re-identified 

The collections of the following species were re-studied and the 

species should be excluded from the lichen flora of Bornholm or 

remain dubious in cases where all cited coLlecti.ons were not seen. 

l{y identif ications are given in brackets. 

Arthonia TapidicoJ.a ( Svaneke: Theiidiun sp. ; 

not seen) . 

Arthopyrenia cerasi (A. Tapponina ) . 

specimen from Olsker

116 

Arthopyrenia stenospora (A. personii) . 

Bacidia abbrevians (Me]}em Hammershus og Allinge: B- 

Scoliciosporum chTorococcum, other eollections: .S. chTorococcum) 

Bacidia microcarpa (Christians@ L888: Biatora piTularis; Hammeren 

1984: MycobiLinbia sabuletoruml . 

Bacidia subacerina (Bacidia phaeodes + Arthonia didyna) - 

BueLJia spuria (Bue77ia aethaJea + RhizocatPon intersitun) - 

CoTlema tunif orme ( Col,Tema sF . - not tunif orne ) . 

Lecanactis abietina (Opegrapha vermiceTTifera) . 

Irecania dubitans ( S ALl inge on Fraxinus 19 8 8= L . sambucina ) - 

Itecanora cadubriae (Ronne : I'ecanora umbrina; Nex6: I'eeanora sp- ) - 

Lecanora epanora (sterile with TtentepohJia) - 

I'ecanora piniperda (I'ecanora cfr. hageni) 

Lecanora poliophaea ( I'ecanota sal,ina) - 

Itecanora subcarnea fAllinge-Hammershus : L. rupicola; material from 

Slotsl.yngen and NexO not seen) . " 

Lecanora subintricata (Nexo z I'. cf r . chJarotera; Rispelbjerget : 

Micarea denigrata) . ,t 

I'ecidea auticuJ.ata (I'ecidea didueens ) - ' .. ' 

Irecidea latypea firtexg 1g g 4 : I'ecideTl,a subincongtua) .' 

Irecidea tesse] ata (I'ecidea cf r . Tactea, sterile ) . 

Leptogium pusillum (iloelJ.eropsis nebul,osa) . 

Mycoporum pteleod.es (ALnindingen: StriguTa stignatel,lal Margrethe- 

lund, Viborg: MyeoPorum guetcus) - 

Opegrapha personii (Hammershus 188{ : 

nusta) . 

arceutina + 

O. saxicola with BuelTia ve- 

orhniospora (Euel7ia) moriopsis (Rinodina Turidescens, some of the 

spores abnormally break at the septum' giving the impression of 

non-septate spores ) . 

Pyrenula nitideTTa ( specimen not from Bornbolm) . 

ninodina bisehoffii (mellern Brogaarden og Bil1e Gravsgraarden: R' 

gennatii; Hammershus not seen) - 

Rinodina Turidescens (R. orculariopsis) . 

Verrucaria apateJ,a ( Hanmershus z V. muralis , Gudh j€tr .'V. umbrinula ) - 

Verrucaria toveoJata (V. ruderum) . 

Verrucaria fusca fVasagaarden i Aaker z V. muralis) . 

Verrucaria mastoidea (iannershus ? V. muralis, Salomons Kapel' 2 V' 

tuderum) . 

AdditioDs to tbe flora 

The following of the re-identified species are new to Bornholm: 

Arthopyrenia personii, Irecania sambucjna , Lecanora umbrina, Lecide11a 

subincongrua, MoeTTeropsis nebuTosa, RhizocarPon inters itum, 

and .Strj guTa stigmateTTa - 

Besides the iaaitions found in the section above the following 

species not included in Hellbom 18 90 were f ound in mixed col-lections 

: 

CatiLlaria lenticuLaris: Gudhjen 1884, in a collection named Leea- 

nora pol ioPhaea 

( t' . salina ) . 

Micarea denigrata: Rispelbjerget on bark, in a coLlection named 

Irecanota subintricatapoyybJastia 

cfr . phiLea.. Gudhjen 1.884 in a colLection called I'eptogiun 

sp. 

porina aenea: pedersker, BrogArden on Fraxinus 1888 as Segesttia,/ 

Arthopyrenia sP. 

Rhizocarp"" iiiiatiTe: 

Hammeren 1884 as BuelTia sP-, 2 specimens. 

Thelidiun stenhammeri (Vasagaarden i Aaker, stengarde, with a species 

of verrucaria ( the coLlection etas identif ied by Hellbom, 

but not included in his PaPer) . 

verruearia viridula, Limensgade 1888, with v. maculiformis-

117 

Species not seen or uncertain 

The following species were not found in GB, but may be present in 

mixed collections filed under a different name: 

Acarospora pelicypha, Arthonia vinosa, AspiciTia .moriodes, Bacidia 

f usca , B . i-gnaril-, B . populorum, BTctrospora dryina, BeTonia incarnata, 

BueJ-Jia had,ia, -cypheJiun inguinans, Dermatina hippocastanea, 

Eopyrenula Teucoplaca ' Euopsis pulvinata, I"ecania dubitans ' 

L. f uscella, Ireptogtiun subtiJ.e, l,eptoraphis quercus, MassaTonqia 

Carnosa, tficarea- intru,sa, M- miseTTa, Pannatia praetermissa, Pertusaria 

multipuncta, phaeophyscia ciliata, porina interiungens, 

bir.nop.sjs inpolita, Rhi"oi"rpo, badioatrum, R ' grande ' Rinodina 

niTvina, R. teichophiTa, TephroneTa grumosa, TheJidiun auruntii , 

Thelidiun minutul-um, Toninia cinereovirens and unbiTicaria proboscidea. 

However, Arthonia vinosa, Bacidia popuTorum and TephromeTa grumosa 

were found on the NIrF excursion tg87 and so were confirmed 

for Bornholm. 

Collections of Arthonia TapidicoLa (EnesgArden _i Aaker) , Lecanora 

subintricata and Verrucaiia tapetica were studied, but the collections 

vrere too sparse to reach a eertain concLusion, and the 

presence of theSe species on Bornholm rerrains uncertain ' 

A lichenicolous fungus Dew to Bornboln' 

The fungus physalolpor. Tecanorae was found parasitic on I'ecanora 

crenulata in a colllction of verrucaria hiascens from llammershus 

fastningsmur 1884. 

Colleetions fron outside Bornhohn' 

A coLleetion f rom ,Jut1and, Egholm Borgruin at Aalborg , leg ' J ' S ' 

D. Branth and by him called Pannaria nigra was re-studied by 

HeIIbom and caLled pannaria schaereri by hin (loc- cit.). rt was 

subseguently included in Ramkar (1978) as Psorotichia schaereri' 

However, th; specimen is, as the type specimen of Pannaria nigra 

(Jorgensen 1928) , referrable to i. Teucophaea, and Psorotichia 

schaLreri should be deLeted from the Danish flora ' 

AcollectionfromCopenhagrenbyJ.Vahlca].ledLecideaaTbo_ 

caerurescer?s but not nlntioned by Hellbom was f ound in GB - rt 

was studied and found to be L. nigrocruenta (the exciple and hypothecium 

give a K+ purple solution). The species is new to Denmark. 

I wish to thank the staff at GB for permission to visit the lichen 

herbarium, for help during the visit and for loan of material. 

L,iterature: 

Alstrup, V- 1gg7: udkast til checkliste over BornhoLms laver-- Institut 

for Okologisk botanik, Kobenhavns Universitet:10 pp- 

Hellbom, p. ,J. 1890: Bornholrns lafflora. - Bih- K- svenska vet'- 

Akad. Handl- . 15 ( 1) : 1-119 - 

Jorgensen, P . M. !97 8: The lichen 

Opera Botanica 45: L23 PP- 

Ramker , K. 197 8 : Fortegnelse over 

litteraturhenvisninger - - Institut 

Universitet: 153 PP - 

f arnily Pannariaceae in EuroPe ' - 

Laver angivet fra Danmark med 

for sporeplanter, KObenhavns

118 

Graphis Scripta 2z 118-Lzt, 1989- 

NOTES ON TEE IJICHEN GENUS TONASPTS IN SCN{DINAVIA 

per M. J@rgensen, Botanisk Institutt, A116gt - 4L, N-5007 Bergen' 

Norway. 

The genus lonaspis has been revised in Scandinavia, and the 

following spe.i"" are shown to be present: f - aretica, I. 

Carnosula, I. Cyanocarpa, I. eptlTotica, f ' granVina, I' heteromorpha, 

I. meJ.anocarpa, I. odora, I. rhodopis, I' suaveoLens 

and I. ventosa. A key is provided and short comments 

to each species given - 

Introduction 

A revision of a1l the Norwegian specimens of the genus fonaspis. 

has been done in connection with work on the forthcoming flora of 

Norwegian erustose lichens. Also specimens f rom neighbouring r'd.gions 

vrere studied. 

several changes in the taxondmy of the latest monogrraph by Magnusson 

( 1933 ) proved necessary. Magnusson' s monograph clarified 

many problems , "" the taxonomy of the grenus at that time was chaotic, 

but he had Lirnited material avail,able of certain taxa - He aIso 

, in my opinion, paid too much attention to hlrmenium height and 

the apical, lnickening of tbe paraphyses. The latter character is 

hard to observe as the hyphae are rather indistinct and the thickening 

gradual, without distinctly enlarged endcells. There is not 

a good correlation between this and other eharacters, and it is in 

my opinion of Iittle taxonouric inportance. 

Magnusson fortunately traced original material for most of the 

names he adopted, and i; this way stabilized the nomenclature. A 

particular problem, which needs reexamination according to the 

present Coae, relates to the description of the genus by Fries 

irg7Lz2g3). His description is short, only mentioning a difference 

in photobiont. Some lichenologists have regarded this as not fuLlf 

il.ling the requirements of the Code f or valid publication. However, 

the wording of the present Code, and the importance given to 

the photobiont eharacter at the time of description, has convinced 

rr€ , that Fries ' publication must be cons idered valid - However , he 

f ailed to combine tne greneric name with the epithets (.lrt. 33 ) , 

and therefore did not iornally make the necessary combinations. It 

;;; u..tr rarher dif f icult to Lr"c" the f irst valid combinations, 

as many were nade on exsiccate labels. Hopefully no further changes 

will Prove necessary - 

Key 

1. Apothecia carneous to brownish; hymenium colourless or 

pale brownish to oLivaceous in upper parts ' 2 

Apothecia blackish; hymenium blue-green in upper parts ' ' ' 7 

2. Thallus endoLithic, apothecia immersed in the rock . . ' ' ' 

- . . . . . . . . . . I. epulotica (Ach.) Arnold 

Thallus epilithic, apothecia not immersed in 'the rock . . 3

3. 

4. 

5. 

119 

Apothecia t immersed in the thallus, normally without 

distinct margin; disc olivaceous to orange brown, 

pigment K+ pinkish violgt'''''''''''' o'''' 4 

epolnecia at least finally t sessile with distinct margin; 

disc carneous (rarely chestnut brown), pigment K- 5 

Exciple ] -, indistinct; spores ellipsoid, LO-12 x 5-5 pm; 

on wet rocks near rivers etc. . . r. odora (schaerer) g- stein 

Excip]-e I+ deep blue , distinct below; spores 

* globose, g-10 x 5-8 pm; on wind-exposed 

rnoUntain sUmmits . . I. ventosa P' M' 'JOrg' & R' Sant' ined' 

Apothecia sma1I, O-1-0.2 mm diarn'; hymenium 

I. carnosul,a (Arnold) r--^1r\ Arno1d r-:^rzr 

perslsLcrIILIJ persistantlY JbT I+ \JEEy deeP blue v-Ev 

aaLavS-' 

' ' 

Apothecia larger to 0 . 5 mm diarn ' .; ; hymenium 

f+green-bluetored-brogtn ' o ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 

6. Thallus + thin, continuous, sometimes cracked; apothecia 

with smooth, distinct margin; spores 7-L2(15) x 

5-7 um;* on wet acidiC roeks near rivers etc . I ' arctica Lynge 

ThaLlus t,hicker , ! areolate or pulveruLent; apothecia 

with irregular, sometimes thick margin; spores 

(13)L6-22 x 10-12 Unl, on t dry calcareous rock . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 

. . . . . . . . . . . . r. rhodopis (sommerf.) Blonberg & Forss' 

7. Apothecia tiny, 0.1 (-0.2) mn diam., with + shining' 

utact< margin; exciple earbonaceous black . - . . ' ' ' ' ' ' 

. . . . . . . o . . . I. granvina Havaas ex P. M. 'Jorg- ingd- 

Apothecia larger , 0 . 2-O .6 mm diam. , margf in 

ochraceous to du1I bluish black; exciple colourless' 

paLebrownishorbluish€Jreen ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 8 

8. Blue-green hymenial- pigment N- ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 

, . . . . . . . . . . . . .r. suaveoLens (schaerer) Arno]'d 

Blue-greenhymenialpigmentN+reddish...... . ' 9 

9. Thallus t thin, crustose, sometimes eracked; apothecia 

with bluish black margin; on wet acidic rocks 

near rivers etc. - - - o . . ' ' I' cyanocatpa (Anzi) Jatta 

Thallus either endolithic, pulverulent or t areolate; 

apothecia with ochraceous to blackish margini n^ 

ontdryrcalcargousrocks""..""rv 

10. Thallus endolithic; apothecia t immersed in the rock; 

spores (10)15-20x8-10pm" " " " .. 

oo...........I.melanocarpa(Krempelh.)Arnold 

Thallus epilithic, pulverulent to areolate; apothecia 

on or partly j-mmersed in the thallus; spores 

8-12 x 5-8(10) pm - o . ' I' heteromorpha (Krernpelh') Arnold 

Comments to the sPecies 

A. Species with brownish apothecia 

This is the most diffieult group because there is little variation 

in spore-size and pigmentation. Extreme forms are therefore difficult 

to identify and obscure the understanding of the taxa ' 

r. arctica is a good example of these difficulties- some extreme 

specimens from the upper geolitteral are more areorate than usual 

and approaches I. rhodopis. There is, however, such a strong correlation 

between g"rr"t"I morphology' spore size, ecology and distribution, 

that i have no doubts about accepting it as a distinct 

species, confined to the inundation zone of rivers and lakes in 

northern Scandinavia -

120 

I. carnosula is one of the easiest to recogrnlze on the small ' carneous 

apothecia and I+ deep blue reaction of the hymenium, which 

always serves as a distinguishing character against depauperate 

forms of I. rhodopsjs . I. carnosuLa appears to have been overLooked 

due to its smalL size. There are f ew and scattered coL]-ections 

from t wet , calcareous rocks from Gotland in the South to Tromso 

in the North. 

I. epulotica s. str. is recogrnized on the apothecia being immersed 

in the calcareous rock. It may be confused with Hymenelia prevostii, 

which is extremely similar and best separated on the different 

photobiont. 

Magnusson (op. cit. ) recognized many varieties of this species' 

r ,""6grrize var. arctica as a separate species, and the rest are 

included in the variable I. rho,dopsjs. Mixed collections of I ' 

iioaopis and r. epulotica have been observed, indicating that 

they are genetically distinct and shouLd be treated in the same 

t{ay as I . heteromorpha/I - melanocatpa ' 

f. epu1otii1 s. str. is only known from t dry, ca1'careous 

rocks on Oland and Got'land - 

I. odora is one of the best understood ''speciis, reeogrnized on the 

t immersed, olivacqous apothecia'. Dif f icult specimens are easirv 

identified on the K+ pinkish violet reaetion of the hymenial 

pignent. I. odora is normally found in the marginal zone of rii 

vers and lakes, but malr be f bund at some distance f rom the watei ' 

It is widespread, but common only in al-pine regions ' 

I. thodopis is the most variatle species in the groupn and the 

taxonorny is in need of f urther studies. Two basic f orms are recognizable, 

a t pulverulent form growind on calcareous overhangs 

(var . rhod'opisl and an t areolate (var. crus tatal on t f l-at , often 

wetter calcareous rocks. Intermediate specimens have been observed 

. r. rhodopis is widespread from lowlands in the south to 

arctic-alPine localities. 

r. ventosa is a tiny species , which has been overlooked and misunderstood. 

In the ?i"ia it is best recogrnized on the ecology 

which ls unusual, for a lonaspis: windblorf,n mountain surnmits with 

no snowcover in the winter. rt is as yet in scandinavia only 

known f rom a f ew sumrnits in Hir jedalen, sweden ( and lceLand) , but 

is certainly more widesPread. 

B. Species with blackish apothecia ' 

r. eyanocarpa is normalry easily recognized on the bluish-braek 

margin of the apothecia ana the smooth thallus - certain forms are 

difficult to distinguish from I. sua veoTens 

( see below) - I - cya- 

nocarpa grows in th; marginal zone of rivers and lakes, and is 

rather conmon in the northern parts of Scandinavia' 

r. granvina is a much overlooked species, onry known from the type 

locality in Hordaland, Norway. It is easily recogrnized on the + 

carbonaceous brack excipre oi the apothecia - Apparently it is a 

pioneer on wet, schistose rocks ' 

r. heteromorpha is a most variable species , the taxonomy of which 

is in need of further studies. Mixed collections of this and r ' 

melanocarpa have been observed, confirming that they are separate 

entities . I. heteromorpha is widespread on t dry , calcareous

ocks . 

121 

I. nelanocarpa is recognizable on the apothecia which are immersed 

in the calcareous rock. It, has distinctly larger spores than Iheteromorpha. 

From Sweden I have seen one specimen from hard dolomite 

wittr apothecia immersed in a superficial, pulverulent thal- 

Ius. As the spores are large, it has been included in I. melanoearpa 

(var. crustatal . I. melanocarpa is widespread, but more common 

in the South. 

f . sua veolerzs is quite dif f icult to distinguish f rom I. cyanocarpa 

in certain forms, and the N-reaction of the hymenial pigment must 

then be tested, Usually the thallus is more areolate, the apothecia 

without a bluish tinge in the black exciple, and it grows in 

the higher littoral zones. 

Concluding remarks 

fonaspis is not an easy genus, and more studies are needed to clearify 

several, remaining taxonomical problems. A most obvious one 

concerns the delimitation of the genus. The type species of the 

grenus Hymenelia, H. prevostii (Duby) KrempeIh. is closely related 

lo fonaipjs, It is necessary to make a close comparison between 

this and for example f. epuTotica, to see whether other differences 

than the pnotobiont may be present. If not , Hymenelia s. str. 

should be included in lonaspis, and the lat,ter, Younger name 

should be conserved. 

In t,he I. rhodopis- and the I. heteromotpha-complexes the development 

of the thallus ( endolithic / ep:-lithic, pulverulent / ateolate) 

should be studied in the field and correlated with the ecology, 

and possible differences in apothecium-types and spore sizes 

(see above under the mentioned species) - 

Finally, there is an astouishing parallelism in ecology and appearance 

of species with blackish and brownish apothecia, os obvious 

from the following schene: 

Ecology Brownish apothecia Blackish apothecia 

Calcareous 

+/- dry rocks 

I. epuTotica 

I. rhodopis 

I. melanocarpa 

I. heteromorpha 

Acidic, wet rocks I. atctica f. cyanocarpa 

Although the pigmentation of the apothecia clearly is genetically 

controlLed, this phenomenon may be due to convergence, it is 

worth closer "nd studies. Apparently dissirnilar pigments may be biosynthetically 

closely related, and accordingly dif f erent pigrmentation 

of apothecia may only reflect "chemotypes" in the same 

species. 

Iriterature 

Fries , T. M. 1871 . Irichenographia scandinavica . - Uppsala : 639 pp - 

J6rgensen. P. M. & R. Santesson 1989. Three new species in the 

lichen genus fonaspjs. - Nord. J. Bot. ( in press ) . 

Magrnusson, A. H. 1933 . A monograph of the lichen genus Ionaspjs. - 

Medd. G6t,eb . Bot . Tr6dg. 8 : 47 PP -

Indhold: 

Ingvald R@sberg: Utbredelsen av Graphis eLegans og 

BueLLia arnotatt i Norge . . . o o . . ' ' ' ' ' ' 81 

Peter Jacobsen: Addit,ions and corrections to the 

lichen checklist of Schleswig-Holstein (n Germany) 

Gdran Thor: Larrm6te i Sverige 1988 

Louise Lj-ndblom & Jan l'16'reby: Igenviixningens inverkan 

pA lavfloran pA ekstammar 

Rudolf Tunblad: Busk- och bladlavar i Gfisene hiirad' 

Vtisterg6tland.... 

Arto Puolasmaa z Pa"meLia pastillifera found in 

Finland . . . o . . .''' t''''' t' o' o 

UIf Arup & Stefan Ekman: 

southern Sweden 

Per l'!,. J@rgensen : Notes on 

inScandinavia..... 

83 

86 

88 

92 

100 

Notes on the lichen flora of 

. o . ! . . ' ' ' t o ' ' ' 104 

Steen N . Chri-stensen : The lichen f lora on U Lmus in a 

north Greek mountain village with an introduction 

to the literature on Greek 1ichens'''''''' 107 

Svanhildur Svane: Lichenological notes from Denmark . 114 

Vagn Alstrup: Notes on the lichen flora of Denmark. 

III. Helibom-s lichens from Bornholm and other 

material in GB . . . 

Ekskurs ioner 

the lichen genus IonasPis 

NLF-ekskursionen til Finland 3-7 juli 1 989. Endelig 

tilmeldelse skuIIe have fundet sted senest 25 april 

til Henrik Sku1t. 

Ekskursion til Mariager-egn€rlr Ostjylland, 4-'7 maj 1 989' 

Der er enkelte ledige pladser, tiLmelding tiL Vagn A1strup, 

telefon 01 13 23 58' 

115 

118

ry rtu

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