Welsh Lichen Red List - Lichens of Wales

A 

Lichen 

Red Data List 

for 

Wales 

With the help of the British 

Lichen Society, the Countryside 

Council for Wales and the 

National Museum of Wales. 

Rhestr o Gen 

Data Coch ar gyfer 

Cymru 

Gyda chymorth y 

British Lichen 

Society, Cyngor Cefn 

Gwlad Cymru ac 

Amgueddfa Cymru.

British Lichen Society 

Summary 

Despite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 1290 

lichen taxa (including 1250 species) representing 68% of the total British 

lichen flora. Using widely accepted international criteria and data collated 

by the British Lichen Society a Welsh regional threat status is offered for 

all Welsh lichens and allied fungi for the first time. The threat status of 

Welsh species is compared with the already published British Red Data List 

for Lichens. 

Of the 1290 species of lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologists 

in Wales 22 are probably extinct (2% of the total) and 204 more (16%) are 

threatened with extinction. Of this latter total 28 (2% of the overall total) are 

Critically Endangered, 24 (2%) are Endangered and 156 (12%) are Vulnerable. a 

further 131 taxa (10%) are Near Threatened, whilst 152 taxa (12%) lack sufficient 

information for a threat category to be assigned to them. 

Of Welsh lichens and fungi studied by lichenologists 38% of the taxa therefore 

require some action either to better understand their true status or reverse 

known ongoing declines. This compares with 35% for Britain as a whole. 

Believed to be the first such regional report of threats facing lichen species in 

Britain, it is hoped these results will be used to help prioritise future 

conservation actions. 

Crynodeb 

Er mai gwlad fechan yw Cymru (yn cyfrif am 11% o holl arwynebedd tir 

mawr Prydain) mae wedi cynnal 1290 tacson cen (yn cynnwys 1250 

rhywogaeth). Mae hyn yn gyfystyr â 68% o holl fflora cen Prydain. 

Defnyddiwyd data a gasglwyd gan y ‘British Lichen Society’, ynghyd â 

meini prawf rhyngwladol cydnabyddedig, er mwyn gallu cynnig disgrifiad 

am y tro cyntaf o statws holl gennau Cymru â’r ffyngau sy’n gysylltiedig â 

nhw o safbwynt y bygythiad y maent yn ei wynebu ar lefel ranbarthol. Mae 

statws bygythiad y rhywogaethau Cymreig yn cael ei gymharu â’r Rhestr 

Data Coch ar gyfer Prydain, sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi. Mae’r statws 

bygythiad hwnnw yn cael ei gymharu gyda’r Rhestr Data Coch Brydeinig, 

sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi. 

O blith y rhywogaethau cen a ffwng sydd wedi cael eu hastudio’n draddodiadol 

gan arbenigwyr cen yng Nghymru mae’n debyg bod 22 (2% o’r cyfanswm) wedi 

mynd i ddifancoll a bod 204 (16%) o’r gweddill mewn perygl o fynd i ddifancoll. 

O blith y cyfanswm olaf hwn mae 28 (2%) Dan Fygythiad Enbyd, 24 (2%) Dan 

Fygythiad a 156 (12%) yn Fregus. Mae 133 tacson pellach (10% ) yn agos at fod 

Dan Fygythiad tra bod diffyg gwybodaeth am 152 (12%) tacson yn ei gwneud yn 

amhosib i bennu statws bygythiad ar eu cyfer. 

Felly mae angen cymryd camau gweithredu ar gyfer 38% o’r tacson cen a ffwng 

Cymreig sydd wedi cael eu hastudio gan arbenigwyr, un ai er mwyn deall mwy 

am eu gwir statws neu i wrthdroi dirywiad sy’n digwydd ar hyn o bryd. Mae hyn 

yn cymharu â 35% ar gyfer Prydain gyfan. 

Credir mai hwn yw’r adroddiad rhanbarthol cyntaf ynglŷn â’r bygythiadau sy’n 

wynebu rhywogaethau cen ym Mhrydain. Gobeithir y bydd y canlyniadau hyn 

yn cael eu defnyddio er mwyn blaenoriaethu gwaith cadwraeth yn y dyfodol.

A Lichen 


for Wales 

Rhestr o Gen 

Data Coch ar gyfer 

Cymru 

Ray G Woods 

Plantlife Cymru 

Cite as: Woods, R. G. (2010) A Lichen Red Data List for Wales. Plantlife, Salisbury. 

1

A Lichen Red Data List for Wales 

2

Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru 

A Lichen 



This report presents the results of a 

comprehensive analysis of the current status of 

lichens in Wales using the updated IUCN criteria. 

It has brought to light a suite of species more 

threatened in Wales than in the rest of Britain, as 

well as some species threatened in Britain but which 

are doing better in Wales. Wales has a responsibility 

to protect and conserve all these threatened species, 

and it is hoped the findings of this study will be used 

to inform priorities for conservation action and 

future revisions of the British Red Data Book of 

Lichens and the list of lichens that appear in Section 

42 of the Natural Environment and Rural 

Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species 

of principal importance in Wales). It also highlights 

those species with Welsh populations of European 

and/or world significance. 

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru 

with the support of the Countryside Council for 

Wales and the British Lichen Society. 

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4

Contents 


1 Introduction 6 

2 Implementation of this Red Data List 7 

3 Coverage 8 

3.1 Taxonomic coverage 8 

3.2 Geographic coverage 8 

4 Data sources 9 

5 Application of IUCN criteria 10 

5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 10 

5.2 Treating Wales as a region 10 

5.3 IUCN categories in Wales 11 

6 Explanation of the Wales Red Data List 14 

6.1 Species listed 14 

6.2 Wales Red List threat status and criteria 14 

6.3 British Red List threat status 14 

6.4 Rarity 14 

6.5 National/international responsibility 15 

6.6 Edge of British range in Wales 15 

6.7 Porportion of British population 15 

6.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42 species 15 

6.9 Schedule 8 species 15 

7 Analysis 16 

7.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data Lists 16 

7.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 16 

7.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 18 

7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 19 

7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in Wales 24 

7.6 Species for which Wales has a particular responsibility 28 

8 Lichen Red Data List for Wales 35 

9 Acknowledgements 62 

10 References 63 

Appendix 1 64 

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6 

1. Introduction 

Plantlife published A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008) in 2008 

following widespread consultation. Its publication was widely welcomed and it seemed 

desirable to try at least some of the methodology out on another group of organisms. The 

Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al) had been 

published in 1996. This list had been extended and revised by the publication of A 

Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens (Woods and Coppins) in 2003, a revision of 

which is currently in press. 

Such has been the increase in our knowledge of this group, coupled with the discovery of 

a number of new taxa, that a major revision of The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and 

Ireland (Purvis et al 1992) was recently published by the British Lichen Society (Smith et 

al (2009)). A “Threatened lichens of Wales” distribution database (Countryside Council for 

Wales and British Lichen Society, pers.comm.) has also been developed and over 60,000 

Welsh lichen records accumulated by the local record centres in Wales. The British Lichen 

Society has also continued to develop its own national databases and to publish records 

in its Bulletin of new and interesting lichens. Finally, but by no means least, a small but 

dedicated band of amateur and professional lichenologists are all willing to share their 

data and expertise, as are members of Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) staff. Without 

their input this list could not have been produced 

As with the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) and 

the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008), it is hoped regular updates to 

this Welsh Red Data List for Lichens will be made available electronically, based on either 

new data, additional data that is made available, or refined methods of analysing data. 

The updates may result in changes to threat status categories for certain taxa and these 

changes will supersede the status categories published here. 

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru, but would not have been possible 

without considerable help from all those who have shared their records, the British Lichen 

Society, the National Museum of Wales and the Countryside Council for Wales. I am 

particularly indebted to Alan Orange, Steve Chambers and Brian Coppins for their 

invaluable assistance.

2. Implementation of 

this Red Data List 

One aim of this report is to assess the level of threat facing lichen species in Wales so that 

priorities can be identified for conservation action. However, Wales is a political, not 

biogeographic area, and this list should not be used in isolation without reference to the 

Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al 1996) and 

A Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens (Woods and Coppins, 2003) and any 

revisions. Now that Red Data Lists exist for lichens in both Great Britain and Wales, some 

guidance on how these lists should be used is needed, especially in view of the fact that a 

few taxa have different levels of threat in each area. 

Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near 

Threatened) in Britain (Woods and Coppins, op. cit.) should also be regarded as a priority 

for conservation in Wales, regardless of its threat status in Wales. The categories of threat 

given in Woods and Coppins (op. cit.) are based on an assessment of national distribution 

and decline, and apply throughout the current range of each taxon in England, Scotland, 

Wales and the Isle of Man. 

If a taxon is less threatened in Wales than it is in Britain (it has a lower category of threat 

than in Britain or is even classified as Least Concern in Wales), the Welsh population must 

still be regarded as a critically important component of the British population and 

deserves full protection in Wales with appropriate conservation measures. This is because 

it represents a part of the whole British population that has more chance of surviving and 

recovering than the British population as a whole. Should the British population outside 

Wales continue to decline, the Welsh population will become increasingly important, 

again regardless of its status within Wales. Should the Welsh population begin to decline, 

the species will be regarded as even more threatened in Britain as a whole. 

Taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Britain should naturally be 

considered as priorities for conservation within Wales. 


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8 

3. Coverage 

3.1 Taxonomic coverage 

This Red Data List includes all lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologists 

(the latter indicated by [F] after the Latin name). Insufficient is known about the 

distribution and status of most subspecific taxa and they have mostly been omitted from 

consideration in this report. Most lichenicolous fungi have also been excluded pending 

further study, though clearly when a fungus is known to be confined to a particular lichen 

species that is itself threatened, this report must provide useful information on its status. 

The taxonomy mostly follows The Lichens of Britain and Ireland, Smith et al (2009). 

3.2 Geographic coverage 

This Red Data List covers the country of Wales, including the 13 vice-counties of 

Monmouthshire, Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Radnorshire, Carmarthenshire, 

Pembrokeshire, Cardiganshire, Montgomeryshire, Merionethshire, Caernarvonshire, 

Denbighshire, Flintshire and Anglesey.

4. Data sources 

As with the British Red Data Lists, this analysis used data from the British Lichen 

Society’s distributional databases and the draft threatened lichens database. These data 

were used as a basis for the analysis of decline used in IUCN threat criterion A, which for 

the purpose of this study looks exclusively at levels of decline in distribution or area of 

occupancy (AOO). 

Other IUCN criteria (B, C and D) examine the current number of sites, populations or 

individuals in the area being considered. Criteria B and C also require evidence of any 

ongoing decline. For these criteria, detailed up-to-date site data were sought from BLS 

Vice-County recorders, site managers and consultants who have prepared reports on sites. 

In such cases, the most recent record was sought for each site, along with population 

information and a judgement of whether any population decline is underway based on 

recent records (mostly 1987-2007). IUCN threat categories for criteria B, C and D in this 

study are therefore based on the most up-to-date and detailed information available. 

The judgement of site population decline is perhaps the most difficult to make given the 

paucity of monitoring data for many taxa and there is much room for improved 

monitoring of many taxa. Some taxa will be allocated a lower category of threat (based 

on population size alone) because monitoring data is not available. For some lichen 

species there is a problem in identifying a mature individual as required if use is to be 

made of parts of criteria B, C and D. Irregular extensive patches of a species may be the 

result of the coalescence of a number of individuals. Conversely a large rapidly growing 

individual may die out in the centre leaving several separated segments of the thallus to 

continue to grow. This change could be viewed as the expansion of a population that in 

reality may be undergoing a decline. Couple this dilemma with the threat faced by all 

those individuals that occur on a single tree or rock where a single event, such as the 

spread of ivy or the collapse of the tree or exfoliation of part of a rock face, may eliminate 

the entire population, it seemed sensible to reinterpret criterion D and equate an 

individual with a single tree or rock outcrop. 


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10 

5. Application of 

IUCN criteria 

5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 

The standard IUCN Red Data List Categories (IUCN 2001) are used with the following 

modifications to take account of the regional nature of this analysis: 

Taxa extinct within Wales but extant in other parts of the world are classified as 

Regionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that the last 

individual in the region has died or a species has not been seen since 1960. In this report, 

taxa extinct in Britain as a whole are classified as EX, while those extinct in Wales but still 

present elsewhere in Great Britain are classified as RE. The list of extinctions for Wales 

therefore includes both EX and RE taxa. 

5.2 Treating Wales as a region 

Considerable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application of standard 

IUCN criteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any sub global 

geographically defined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Provided 

that the regional population being assessed is isolated from conspecific populations 

outside the region, the IUCN Red Data List Criteria (IUCN, 2001) can be used without 

modification within any geographically defined area. 

However, when the criteria are applied to part of a population defined by a geopolitical 

border, as in the case of Wales sharing a border with England, the threshold values listed 

under each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not the 

same as the whole population or subpopulation. As a result, the estimate of extinction 

risk may be inaccurate. 

In order to take this into account, we need to ask whether the Welsh population 

experiences any significant immigration of viable propagules from England (Figure 1). If 

not (or it is unknown), there is no change in the Welsh IUCN category. If, however, it is 

known or appears likely that viable propagules are entering Wales from England, the 

Welsh IUCN category is downgraded by one level provided that the GB population is stable 

or increasing. If the British population is decreasing, though, the Welsh IUCN category 

remains the same (further modification of the category can take place if the Welsh 

population is acting as a sink, but it has not been possible to determine this). The level of 

propagule immigration is almost impossible to assess. However, an attempt has been 

made to determine how likely immigration is by a consideration of the proximity of 

threatened Welsh taxa to English populations. 

The threat category of Welsh taxa where the entire population is close to English 

populations may therefore be downgraded by one category if the British population is 

Least Concern. If, however, the British population is threatened, the Welsh IUCN category 

remains unaltered. In practice until recently so much of the English border in both north 

and south Wales was so affected by atmospheric pollution there were few lichens

available to colonize Wales. Those few species that might fall into this category also tend 

to occur on man-made substrates in Wales such as memorials in churchyards or even to 

fall into a category well-understood within higher plants but as yet not developed to 

encompass lichens – that of a species of casual occurrence. The thinking still needs to be 

developed to prioritize our actions with respect to these species, for which Wales may 

never have been part of their natural range. 

Threatened Welsh taxon with 

population close to English 

population and taxon has a high 

dynamism score 

Immigration over entire Welsh 

range likely? 

Yes 

Threatened in GB or endemic or 

near endemic? 

No 

Downgrade Welsh status category 

by one level 

No / unknown 

Figure 1. Chart used to determine whether any changes to the Welsh threat category 

were necessary due to potential immigration from England (adapted from IUCN, 2003) 

Yes 

5.3 IUCN categories in Wales 

Apart from the modifications given in sections 5.1 and 5.2 above, the standard IUCN 

categories and criteria (IUCN, 2001) have been used to produce this Red Data List. This 

means that the same thresholds used to determine categories in the British Red Data List 

have been used for Wales, and the lists are therefore directly comparable. Because of this, 

a detailed treatment of how each criterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readers 

are referred to Woods and Coppins (2003) and its subsequent editions for further 

information. The following, however, gives a brief summary of the categories and criteria 

used here. 

EXTINCT (EX) 

A taxon is presumed extinct when surveys in known and/or expected habitat throughout 

its historic range have failed to record an individual. For this evaluation, a period of 50 

years is generally used, providing there have been reasonable attempts to re-discover the 

species concerned. 


No change to status category 

No change to status category 

11


CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR), ENDANGERED (EN) OR VULNERABLE (VU) 

Taxa are considered to be Critically Endangered , Endangered or Vulnerable when any one of the following criteria are met. 

A Decline in population size based on any of 1–4. CR EN VU 

1) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes of decline are understood, have 

ceased and are clearly reversible. >90% >70% >50% 

2) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes of decline have not ceased or are >80% >50% >30% 

not understood or are not reversible. 

3) % decline projected to occur in future. >80% >50% >30% 

4) % decline over last 50–100 years added to projected future decline where the 

cause of decline has not ceased. >80% >50% >30% 

B Geographic range either as B1 (extent) or B2 (area occupied) 

12 

1) Range less than given amount and estimates indicate at least two of the following :- 100 km 2 5000 km 2 20,000 km 2 

a) Severely fragmented range or known from no more than the given number 

of locations. 1 5 10 

b) Decline in extent, area &/or quality of habitat, number of populations - - - 

and/or individuals. 

c) Extreme fluctuations in extent, area of occupancy or number of locations - - - 

or mature individuals. 

2) Area of occupancy estimated to be less than given area, and estimates indicating 

at least two of a–c. 10 km 2 500 km 2 2000 km 2 

a) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than a given number of locations. 1 5 10 

b) Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in any of the following: - - - 

i) extent of occurrence 

ii) area of occurrence 

iii) area, extent &/or quality of habitat 

iv) number of locations or subpopulations 

v) number of individuals 

c) Extreme fluctuations in any of the following: - - - 

i) extent of occurrence 

ii) area of occurrence 

iii) number of locations or subpopulations 

iv) number of individuals


C Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number of individuals CR EN VU 

(an individual generally taken to be tree number for epiphytic species or discrete units 

of rock for epilithic taxa) and either:- 250 2500 10,000 

1) An estimated continuing decline of the given percentage in up to the last 

100 years or 25% 20% 10% 

2) An estimated decline observed or inferred in number of individuals 

(see above for definition of individual) and at least one of the following:- 

a) Population structure in form of one of the following:i) 

no sub population estimated to contain more than the given number of 

mature individuals or 50 250 1000 

ii) at least the given % of mature individuals in one subpopulation. 90% 95% 100% 

b) Extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals (see above for definition - - - 

of individual). 

D Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number of mature 

individuals (see above for definition) (D or D1). Or in the case of species considered 

for Vulnerable status, its population occupying a very restricted area (typically 5 or 

fewer locations) so rendering it vulnerable to extinction (D2). 50 250 1000 

E Probability of extinction is at least the given % within the next 100 years. 50% 20% 10% 

Table 1. Criteria used in Wales for evaluating species and deciding on their IUCN Red List 

category 

NEAR THREATENED (NT) 

A taxon is Near Threatened when it is has been evaluated against the criteria but does not 

qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying 

for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. 

LEAST CONCERN (LC) 

A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not 

qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. 

Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. 

DATA DEFICIENT (DD) 

A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or 

indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population 

status. Whilst Data Deficient could be considered not to be a category of threat, in 

practice it must be a matter of grave concern that a threat status cannot be assigned. 

Some of these species could be critically endangered. Consequently a high priority 

should be attached to securing resources to further investigate these species. 

NOT EVALUATED (NE) 

A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. There 

can be many reasons for this. Often it is due to some taxonomic issue. 

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6. Explanation of the 

Wales Red Data List 

The columns that appear in the Lichen Red Data List are described below. 

6.1 Species listed 

All lichen species reported from Wales are listed in the two Taxon columns. The 

definition of lichen is not always clear-cut and some non-lichenized fungi are included 

where they form part of a genus with mostly lichenized species and have been 

traditionally studied by lichenologists. An [F] after the name identifies such fungi. Due 

to a paucity of information lichenicolous fungi have mostly been excluded though 

species that commence life as lichenicolous species to later establish themselves as 

independent lichens are included. 

6.2 Wales Red List threat status and criteria 

The IUCN threat category for Wales is given in the Wales Red List Threat Status column. 

The criterion under which each threatened taxon qualifies is given in the Criteria column. 

For more details on how the categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU 

(Vulnerable), NT (Near Threatened) and LC (Least Concern) were applied and the criteria 

used, see Woods and Coppins (2003, pp 29-31) and section 5.3 above. 

6.3 British Red List threat status 

The threat category of the species in Britain is given in the British Red List Threat Status 

column and mostly follows Woods and Coppins (2003). There are a few updated species. 

The reasons for such changes will be published shortly by JNCC in a revision of this 

document. 

6.4 Rarity 

By reference to the British Lichen Society’s hectad data base all those species recorded 

from England, Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man in fewer than 15 hectads of the OS 

National Grid are noted as nationally rare (NR) whilst those recorded from 16 to 100 

hectads are noted as being nationally scarce (NS). This follows the convention adopted 

for higher plants and ferns. Interpreting this data requires care. Recording is incomplete 

for part of the country and species may be included that are common in a particular 

habitat, though the habitat itself may be nationally rare or scarce.

6.5 National/international responsibility 

An “IR” placed in this column indicates that populations of this species in Britain are 

considered by Woods & Coppins (2003) to be of international importance, generally on 

account of their abundance in Britain compared to the rest of the world. An “E” indicates 

this species is endemic to Britain and Ireland, occurring nowhere else in the world. 

6.6 Edge of British range in Wales 

Taxa that reach the edge of their British range in Wales are identified in this column. The 

edge of range in question is indicated by “N”, “S”, and “W”, where “S” indicates that the 

taxon reaches its southern limit in Wales, and so on. 

6.7 Proportion of British population 

This column records the percentage of hectads in Wales compared to the total hectads for 

Britain that the species occupies using data from the British Lichen Society’s Atlas 

Database. Only those species for which Wales has 20% or more of the total British hectad 

records are included. Although crude, this provides an indication of how much of the 

British resource is located within Wales. 

6.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42 

species 

Within this column are listed with a “P” all those species that possess a National 

Biodiversity Action Plan. An asterisk indicates a species that is listed on Section 42 of the 

Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) as being a species of principal 

importance in Wales. 

6.9 Schedule 8 species 

All species listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) that occur in 

Wales are identified in this column by the abbreviation “S8”. 


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7. Analysis 

7.1 Comparison of Welsh and British 

Red Data Lists 

Wales, despite being only 11% of the land area of Britain (ie England, Scotland and Wales), 

has at one time supported 71% of the total British lichen flora. Table 2 compares the 

number of species in each threat category between Britain and Wales. Whilst there is some 

comfort in the similar percentages of critically endangered and endangered lichens in 

Wales compared to Britain, the significantly larger percentage of vulnerable species is a 

cause of grave concern. This extra degree of vulnerability may to some extent be due to 

small population sizes partly created by the relatively small size of Wales. There is, 

however no doubt that anthropogenic factors have played a large part in reducing 

population sizes. Atmospheric pollution by the 1970s had wiped out most of the native 

lichen floras from all of south and northeast Wales and grossly affected large parts of 

central Wales. This, coupled with wholesale woodland fellings, particularly from the late 

1700s through to the Second World War, decimated ancient woodland lichen communities. 

Britain Wales 

No. of taxa % of total No. of taxa % of total 

Extinct (EX) GB, (EX+RE)Wales 31 2 22 2 

Critically Endangered (CR) 42 2 28 2 

Endangered (EN) 34 2 24 2 

Vulnerable (VU) 105 6 156 12 

Near Threatened (NT) 205 11 131 10 

Data Deficient (DD) 249 14 152 12 

Least Concern (LC) 1168 64 803 61 

Total evaluated 1834 1316 

Table 2. Number and proportion of taxa in each Red Data List category in Britain and Wales. 

7.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 

Out of the total of 1316 taxa evaluated from Wales 22 taxa (2%) are thought to have become 

extinct. This is similar to the percentage extinction for mainland Britain. 

Table 3 below gives the list of extinctions for Wales with the Vice-county and last year each 

taxon was recorded. 

Whether all of these species are really extinct in Wales must be the subject of some debate. A 

species such as Thelocarpon intermediellum is a short lived casual and may occur overlooked 

in other sites. The one boulder on which it was reported was removed from the road verge. 

Species such as Tomasellia diffusa may still occur on the smooth bark of alder twigs. This is 

considered to be a normally rather unproductive habitat by most lichenologists and one rarely 

searched with diligence. In contrast mature elm trees, the habitat of Collema fragrans and 

Bacidia subincompta in Wales, have largely been felled following their death due to Dutch elm 

disease, so their loss is probably genuine. 

It is also most likely that species have been lost due to atmospheric pollution throughout the 

years of the industrial revolution. By the 1960s large areas of south and north east Wales were

almost entirely devoid of lichens. Unfortunately so little recording took place in these areas 

before the industrial revolution that any losses went unrecorded. The most recent loss is due 

to a demise of ancient weather boarded barns. The last known site for Chaenotheca 

phaeocephala was on a barn now on the point of collapse. Elsewhere timber preservative 

treatment prevents colonisation. This is most notably seen in the widespread use of tanalised 

softwood as a replacement for untreated hardwood. The Tir Gofal farm conservation scheme 

failed to take the requirements of these species into account and has funded the recladding 

of a number of old barns in entirely unsuitable materials. Ancient hardwood weatherboards 

were probably a very satisfactory substitute for the ancient limbs of slowly decaying trees 

that may well have been the original natural habitat of this lichen and one now almost lost 

from Britain. 

GB Taxon Wales Year last Vice-county Main habitat 

Red Red recorded last recorded in Wales 

List List 

NE Arthonia punctilliformis [F] EX ? Caerns Holly bark 

EX Arthothelium spectabile EX 1960 Merioneth Smooth tree bark 

EX Bacidea polychroa EX 1881 Anglesey Mature tree bark 

EX Calicium quercinum EX c.1840 Merioneth Oak trunks 

EX Chaenotheca phaeocephala EX 2005 Radnor Oak weather boards 

EX Placythium anemoideum EX 1957 Glamorgan Limestone shingle 

EX Staurothele rufa EX 1964 Glamorgan Old limestone quarry 

NT Acarospora macrocarpa RE 1886 Merioneth Not known 

VU Bacidia subincompta RE 1983 Brecknock Elm bark 

CR Bryoria smithii RE 1960 Merioneth Upland acid rock 

CR Catapyrenium psoromoides RE 1924 Merioneth Basic rock outcrop & wall 

LC Cetraria ericetorum RE 1881 Caerns Upland heath? 

EN Collema fragrans RE 1986 Radnor Elm bark 

DD Dictyonema interruptum RE 1995 Brecknock Upland rock outcrop 

DD Lecidea commaculans RE 1871 Caerns Rhyolite outcrop 

LC Miriquidica complanata RE ? Caerns Moist montane rocks 

VU Pertusaria pustulata RE c.1870 Merioneth Young ash tree 

LC Placynthium tantaleum RE 1875 Merioneth Mortar of bridge wall 

VU Poeltinula cerebrina RE pre1960 Merioneth Limestone outcrops 

VU Pyrenula coryl [F] RE 1877 Merioneth Hazel bark 

LC Thelocarpon intermediellum RE 1983 Radnor Boulder top 

LC Tomasellia diffusua [F] RE 1871 Caerns Alder branch bark 

Table 3. The 22 taxa that have become extinct in Wales, along with the Vice-county and 

last year each taxon was recorded and their Red Data List status in Britain and Wales. 

Extinct (EX) taxa have been lost from the British and Welsh flora, Regionally Extinct (RE) 

taxa have been lost from Wales but occur elsewhere in Britain. [F] indicates this species is 

a fungus traditionally studied by lichenologists. 


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18 

It should also be noted that other species could be added to the list. Melanelia stygia has 

not been refound in its only Welsh locality despite two recent searches. It is still just 

possible that the one rather inconspicuous rock on which it occurred was somehow 

missed. Pannaria rubiginosa and Gomphillus calycioides do not appear to have been seen 

anywhere in Wales in the last three decades. 

7.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 

Because identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in both 

Britain and Wales, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxa are 

faring. Some are “doing better” in Wales (in other words, they are less threatened in 

Wales than they are in Britain), while others are “doing worse” (they are more threatened 

in Wales than Britain). 

As you would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only a 

few taxa that are doing better in Wales (Table 4). 

Taxon GB Red Wales Red 


Cladonia peziziformis CR NT 

Protoparmeliopsis achariana CR EN 

Porina effiliata CR EN 

Cryptolechia carneolutea EN VU 

Heterodermia leucomela EN VU 

Stereocaulon symphycheilum EN VU 

Collema fragile VU NT 

Protoparmelia atriseda VU NT 

Gyalecta flotowii NT LC 

Leptogium palmatum NT LC 

Usnea florida NT LC 

Table 4. The ten taxa that are “doing better” in Wales compared to Britain, arranged by 

decreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (CR, EN, VU) or 

near threatened (NT) in Britain, but have a lower threat category or are least concern (LC) 

in Wales. 

The most noteworthy difference in threat status is that of Cladonia peziziformis. This 

lichen is a colonist of recently burnt coastal heathland where it is rapidly replaced by 

other species. It has not been seen in England since 1968 yet has been found 5 times in 

recent years in Wales in considerable quantities in most sites. The remaining species 

differ in only a single category, the difference in the main reflecting a steady increase in 

recent years in the number of their sites or the size of their populations.

7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 

The 235 taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Britain are listed in Table 

5. Because Wales is a smaller area than Britain, many taxa are naturally more threatened 

than they are in Britain under criteria B, C and D (limited number of individuals or 

populations). Couple this with the damaging effects of twentieth century sulphur dioxide 

pollution and now the continued impact of acid rain and rising ammonia levels, so 

widespread in Wales, that whole suites of sensitive species have been pushed to the brink 

of extinction in Wales yet remain so frequent in the Western Highlands of Scotland as to 

cause their British conservation assessment to be that of “Least Concern”. Species of 

Lobaria, Pannaria, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Parmeliella are, for example, all doing 

worse in Wales. 

Taxon GB Wales 

Red Red 


Biatoridium monasteriense EN CR 

Caloplaca flavorubescens EN CR 

Caloplaca luteoalba EN CR 

Endocarpon adscendens EN CR 

Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella EN CR 

Bacidia incompta VU CR 

Biatoridium delitescens VU CR 

Caloplaca luteoalba VU CR 

Peltigera venosa VU CR 

Physcia tribacioides VU CR 

Pseudocyphellaria lacerata VU CR 

Pyrenula hibernica VU CR 

Vestergrenopsis elaeina VU CR 

Buellia hyperbolica VU EN 

Collema dichotomum VU EN 

Graphina pauciloculata VU EN 

Lecanographa amylacea VU EN 

Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. VU EN 

Xanthoparmelia tinctina VU EN 

Collema parvum VU VU 

Biatora globulosa NT CR 

Blarneya hibernica NT CR 

Collema fasciculare NT CR 

Melanelia stygia NT CR 

Parmeliella testacea NT CR 

Pseudocyphellaria intricata NT CR 

Strangospora microhaema NT CR 

Strigula thelopsidoides NT CR 

Byssoloma subdiscordans NT EN 

Chaenotheca chlorella NT EN 

Endocarpon pusillum NT EN 

Fuscopannaria sampaiana NT EN 

Gomphillus calycioides NT EN 

Gyalidea fritzei NT EN 

Leptogium subtorulosum NT EN 

Sporastatia polyspora NT EN 


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20 




Sporastatia testudinea NT EN 

Gyalecta foveolaris NT EN 

Porina interjungens NT NT 

Acarospora badiofusca NT VU 

Agonimia octospora NT VU 

Arthonia zwackhii NT VU 

Catillaria aphana NT VU 

Chaenothecopsis savonica NT VU 

Collema nigrescens NT VU 

Cladonia uncialis uncialis NT VU 

Collema occultatum NT VU 

Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis NT VU 

Heterodermia japonica NT VU 

Lecanora horiza NT VU 

Lecanora quercicola NT VU 

Lemmopsis arnoldiana NT VU 

Lempholemma cladodes NT VU 

Lempholemma intricatum NT VU 

Lempholemma radiatum NT VU 

Leptogium brebissonii NT VU 

Leptogium massiliense NT VU 

Megalospora tuberculosa NT VU 

Megaspora verrucosa NT VU 

Miriquidica lulensis NT VU 

Mycomicrothelia atlantica NT VU 

Opegrapha prosodea NT VU 

Phaeographis lyellii NT VU 

Parmelinopsis minarum NT VU 

Physcia clementei NT VU 

Placynthium asperellum NT VU 

Placynthium pannariellum NT VU 

Polyblastia efflorescens NT VU 

Polyblastia terrestris NT VU 

Porina curnowii NT VU 

Porina hibernica NT VU 

Protothelenella sphinctrinoides NT VU 

Pterygiopsis coracodiza NT VU 

Pterygiopsis lacustris NT VU 

Ramonia dictyospora NT VU 

Rinodina milvina NT VU 

Stereocaulon delisei NT VU 

Stereocaulon glareosum NT VU 

Stereocaulon plicatile NT VU 

Stereocaulon tornense NT VU 

Thelopsis melathelia NT VU 

Thermutis velutina NT VU 

Usnea articulata NT VU 

Wadeana dendrographa NT VU 

Syncesia myrticola NT VU 

Lobaria scrobiculata LC CR 

Pannaria rubiginosa LC CR 

Pseudocyphellaria norvegica LC CR 

Lecanographa lyncea LC EN 

Lobaria virens LC EN




Absconditella trivialis LC NT 

Acrocordia macrospora LC NT 

Agonimia allobata LC NT 

Ainoa mooreana LC NT 

Amygdalaria consentiens LC NT 

Anisomeridium robustum LC NT 

Arthonia anombrophila LC NT 

Arthonia vinosa LC NT 

Arthopyrenia cerasi LC NT 

Bacidia biatorina LC NT 

Bactrospora corticola LC NT 

Belonia incarnata LC NT 

Biatora chrysantha LC NT 

Buellia erubescens LC NT 

Bunodophoron melanocarpum LC NT 

Catillaria scotinodes LC NT 

Cetraria islandica ssp. islandica LC NT 

Cetrelia olivetorum s. lat. LC NT 

Chrysothrix chlorina LC NT 

Cladonia incrassata LC NT 

Cladonia rangiferina LC NT 

Collema furfuraceum LC NT 

Collema glebulentum LC NT 

Cresponea premnea LC NT 

Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes LC NT 

Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum LC NT 

Dimerella lutea LC NT 

Diploschistes gypsaceus LC NT 

Fuscidea intercincta LC NT 

Hymenelia epulotica LC NT 

Hypocenomyce friesii LC NT 

Hypotrachyna sinuosa LC NT 

Hypotrachyna taylorensis LC NT 

Lecanactis latebrarum LC NT 

Lecanora subaurea LC NT 

Leptogium britannicum LC NT 

Leptogium cyanescens LC NT 

Megalaria grossa LC NT 

Melanelia commixta LC NT 

Melanelia disjuncta LC NT 

Moelleropsis nebulosa LC NT 

Mycobilimbia epixanthoides LC NT 

Mycobilimbia pilularis LC NT 

Nephroma laevigatum LC NT 

Nephroma parile LC NT 

Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida LC NT 

Pachyphiale carneola LC NT 

Pannaria conoplea LC NT 

Parmeliella parvula LC NT 

Parmeliella triptophylla LC NT 

Parmotrema crinitum LC NT 

Peltigera britannica LC NT 

Peltigera collina LC NT 

Pertusaria coronata LC NT 


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22 




Phyllopsora rosei LC NT 

Physconia perisidiosa LC NT 

Polychidium muscicola LC NT 

Porina coralloidea LC NT 

Protothelenella corrosa LC NT 

Psora decipiens LC NT 

Psorotichia schaereri LC NT 

Punctelia reddenda LC NT 

Pycnothelia papillaria LC NT 

Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella LC NT 

Rimularia gyrizans LC NT 

Schismatomma quercicola LC NT 

Solorina spongiosa LC NT 

Stereocaulon condensatum LC NT 

Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis LC NT 

Sticta limbata LC NT 

Sticta sylvatica LC NT 

Thelidium pluvium LC NT 

Thelopsis rubella LC NT 

Thelotrema lepadinum LC NT 

Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla LC NT 

Umbilicaria proboscidea LC NT 

Vahliella leucophaea LC NT 

Vezdaea acicularis LC NT 

Alectoria nigricans LC VU 

Allantoparmelia alpicola LC VU 

Arthonia ligniariella LC VU 

Arthonia mediella LC VU 

Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola LC VU 

Bacidia absistens LC VU 

Belonia russula LC VU 

Bryoria bicolor LC VU 

Bryoria chalybeiformis LC VU 

Bryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens LC VU 

Catillaria contristans LC VU 

Cetraria sepincola LC VU 

Chaenotheca brachypoda LC VU 

Chaenotheca stemonea LC VU 

Cladonia macrophylla LC VU 

Cladonia sulphurina LC VU 

Coccotrema citrinescens LC VU 

Degelia atlantica LC VU 

Degelia plumbea LC VU 

Frutidella caesioatra LC VU 

Fuscopannaria mediterranea LC VU 

Ionaspis odora LC VU 

Koerberiella wimmeriana LC VU 

Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia LC VU 

Lecidea silacea LC VU 

Lempholemma botryosum LC VU 

Leptogium burgessii LC VU 

Leptogium tenuissimum LC VU 

Leptorhaphis atomaria LC VU 

Lobaria amplissima LC VU




Lobaria pulmonaria LC VU 

Melanelia hepatizon LC VU 

Menegazzia terebrata LC VU 

Micarea marginata LC VU 

Micarea pseudomarginata LC VU 

Microcalicium ahlneri LC VU 

Microcalicium disseminatum LC VU 

Miriquidica atrofulva LC VU 

Mycoblastus affinis LC VU 

Normandina acroglypta LC VU 

Opegrapha fumosa LC VU 

Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis LC VU 

Peltigera polydactylon LC VU 

Pertusaria amarescens LC VU 

Pertusaria chiodectonoides LC VU 

Pertusaria dactylina LC VU 

Pertusaria monogona LC VU 

Placynthiella hyporhoda LC VU 

Placynthium flabellosum LC VU 

Protoblastenia siebenhaariana LC VU 

Protoparmelia montagnei LC VU 

Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella LC VU 

Psoroma hypnorum LC VU 

Pyrenula laevigata LC VU 

Pyrenula occidentalis LC VU 

Rhizocarpon anaperum LC VU 

Rhizocarpon badioatrum LC VU 

Rinodina fimbriata LC VU 

Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris LC VU 

Schismatomma cretaceum LC VU 

Schismatomma niveum LC VU 

Staurothele hymenogonia LC VU 

Sticta canariensis / dufourii LC VU 

Sticta fuliginosa LC VU 

Strigula jamesii LC VU 

Strigula phaea LC VU 

Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris LC VU 

Thelidium fontigenum LC VU 

Thelidium impressum LC VU 

Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum LC VU 

Toninia fusispora LC VU 

Xylographa parallela LC VU 

Table 5. The 241 taxa that are “doing worse” in Wales than they are in Britain, arranged 

by decreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (EN, VU) or 

near threatened (NT) in Britain but have a higher threat category in Wales, or if they are 

Least Concern (LC) in Britain but are threatened or near threatened in Wales. Taxa that 

are threatened in Britain but extinct in Wales (EX or RE) are excluded (see section 7.2). 


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24 

7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range 

in Wales 

Many taxa reach the northern or southern edges of their British ranges in Wales (Tables 6 

& 7). It is becoming increasingly important to identify such species in order to select 

priorities for conservation and for monitoring the impacts of climate change. Small, 

edge-of-range populations of species that might be vulnerable to change are particularly 

important, as they may be genetically distinct. 

Of species at the northernmost edge of their range in Wales listed in Table 6, 

Parmelinopsis minarum and Parmelina carporrhizans may both have shown a genuine 

northerly extension to their ranges in recent years. Perhaps of greater conservation 

concern are the larger numbers of montane and sub-montane species that occur in tiny 

populations at the southernmost edge of their range in Wales and comprise a large 

element of Table 7. They may be particularly vulnerable to a warming climate. 

Taxon Wales Red 

List 

Arthonia astroidestera NT 

Arthonia atlantica NT 

Blarneya hibernica CR 

Byssoloma subdiscordans EN 

Heterodermia leucomela VU 

Lecanora ochroidea LC 

Melaspilea amota [F] DD 

Opegrapha prosodea VU 

Parmelina carporrhizans VU 

Parmelinopsis horrescens NT 

Parmelinopsis minarum VU 

Parmotrema robustum CR 

Pertusaria velata VU 

Phaeographis inusta LC 

Porina curnowii VU 

Protoparmelia montagnei VU 

Rinodina biloculata VU 

Roccella fuciformis NT 

Roccella phycopsis NT 

Syncesia myrticola VU 

Teloschistes flavicans VU 

Table 6. Taxa that reach the northern edge of their British distribution in Wales.



Acarospora badiofusca VU 

Acarospora benedarensis DD 

Agonimia repleta DD 

Ainoa mooreana NT 

Alectoria nigricans VU 

Allantoparmelia alpicola VU 

Amygdalaria consentiens NT 

Amygdalaria pelobotryon LC 

Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU 

Aspicilia intermutans DD 

Aspicilia recedens DD 

Atla wheldonii NT 

Bacidia carneoglauca LC 

Bacidia subincompta RE 

Baeomyces carneus DD 

Belonia russula VU 

Biatora globulosa CR 

Biatoridium delitescens CR 

Biatoridium monasteriense CR 

Buellia uberior DD 

Caloplaca obliterans LC 

Caloplaca scopularis NT 

Carbonea vorticosa DD 

Catillaria contristans VU 

Catillaria scotinodes NT 

Catillaria subviridis DD 

Cetraria ericetorum RE 

Cetraria sepincola VU 

Cladonia borealis DD 

Cladonia crispata crispata DD 

Cladonia rangiferina NT 

Cladonia stygia VU 

Cladonia sulphurina VU 

Coccotrema citrinescens VU 

Collema fasciculare NT 

Collema glebulentum NT 

Collema undulatum var. undulatum DD 

Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD 

Epigloea bactrospora DD 

Fellhanera duplex DD 

Frutidella caesioatra VU 

Fuscidea austera DD 

Fuscidea intercincta NT 

Fuscidea mollis VU 

Gomphillus calycioides EN 

Gyalecta foveolaris EN 

Gyalidea fritzei EN 

Hymenelia heteromorpha VU 

Hypocenomyce friesii NT 

Ionaspis chrysophana VU 

Ionaspis odora VU 

Jamesiella scotica DD 

Koerberiella wimmeriana VU 

Lecanora achariana EN 

Lecanora caesiosora DD 


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26 



Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU 

Lecanora rupicola var. efflorens DD 

Lecidea berengeriana VU 

Lecidea endomelaena NT 

Lecidea promixta LC 

Lecidea silacea VU 

Lecidea swartzioidea LC 

Lecidoma demissum LC 

Lempholemma cladodes VU 

Lempholemma intricatum VU 

Lempholemma radiatum VU 

Leptogium subtorulosum EN 

Leptorhaphis atomaria [F] VU 

Melanelia commixta NT 

Melanelia stygia CR 

Melaspilea granitophila LC 

Melaspilea interjecta DD 

Micarea hedlundii NT 

Micarea marginata VU 

Micarea submilliaria VU 

Micarea ternaria DD 

Micarea turfosa VU 

Miriquidica atrofulva VU 

Miriquidica complanata f. complanata RE 

Miriquidica lulensis VU 

Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC 

Mycoblastus affinis VU 

Mycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VU 

Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida NT 

Ochrolechia inaequatula DD 

Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VU 

Peltigera britannica NT 

Peltigera degenii LC 

Peltigera elizabethae NT 

Peltigera venosa CR 

Pertusaria excludens LC 

Placynthium asperellum VU 

Placynthium dolichoterum VU 

Placynthium flabellosum VU 

Placynthium pannariellum VU 

Polyblastia efflorescens VU 

Polyblastia inumbrata DD 

Polyblastia melaspora LC 

Polyblastia philaea DD 

Polyblastia quartzina VU 

Polyblastia terrestris VU 

Porina byssophila VU 

Porina grandis VU 

Porocyphus leptogiella NT 

Porpidia melinodes LC 

Porpidia superba f. superba NT? 

Porpidia superba f. sorediata NT? 

Protoblastenia siebenhaariana VU 

Protoparmelia atriseda NT 

Protothelenella corrosa NT



Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella VU 

Protothelenella sphinctrinoides VU 

Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR 

Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR 

Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR 

Pyrenopsis grumulifera DD 

Pyrenopsis impolita DD 

Pyrenopsis subareolata LC 

Pyrenula hibernica CR 

Ramalina polymorpha NT 

Rhizocarpon alpicola LC 

Rhizocarpon amphibium DD 

Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD 

Rhizocarpon caesium DD 

Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT 

Rhizocarpon geminatum DD 

Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU 

Rhizocarpon submodestum DD 

Rhizocarpon superficiale VU 

Rinodina milvina VU 

Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris VU 

Schaereria corticola CR 

Stereocaulon glareosum VU 

Stereocaulon tornense VU 

Strangospora microhaema CR 

Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris VU 

Strigula thelopsidoides CR 

Tephromela pertusarioides DD 

Thamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VU 

Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum VU 

Thelidium pluvium NT 

Thelocarpon impressellum LC 

Thelopsis melathelia VU 

Tomasellia diffusa [F] RE? 

Toninia fusispora VU 

Umbilicaria hirsuta NT 

Umbilicaria proboscidea NT 

Verrucaria pachyderma DD 

Vestergrenopsis elaeina CR 

Vezdaea acicularis NT 

Xylographa parallela VU 

Table 7. Taxa that reach the southern edge of their British distribution in Wales 



Bacidia adastra LC 

Biatora britannica DD 

Buellia badia LC 

Pleurosticta acetabulum DD 

Table 8. Taxa that reach the westernmost edge of their British distribution in Wales 


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28 

7.6 Species for which Wales has a particular 

responsibility 

Woods & Coppins (2003) consider that where the British population of any taxon exceeds 

10% of the total world population Britain has an international responsibility towards the 

conservation of that taxon. They are listed in Table 9. Where that species is endemic or 

probably endemic to Britain and Ireland it is shown in bold type. 



Blarneya hibernica CR 

Collema fasciculare CR 

Lobaria scrobiculata CR 

Pannaria rubiginosa CR 

Parmeliella testacea CR 

Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR 

Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR 

Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR 

Pyrenula hibernica CR 

Strangospora microhaema CR 

Fuscopannaria sampaiana EN 

Gomphillus calycioides EN 

Graphina pauciloculata EN 

Lecanographa amylacea EN 

Lecanographa lyncea EN 

Lobaria virens EN 

Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. EN 

Agonimia octospora VU 

Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU 

Cryptolechia carneolutea VU 

Degelia atlantica VU 

Degelia ligulata VU 

Degelia plumbea VU 

Heterodermia leucomela VU 

Lecanora quercicola VU 

Leptogium brebissonii VU 

Leptogium burgessii VU 

Leptogium cochleatum VU 

Lobaria amplissima VU 

Lobaria pulmonaria VU 

Megalospora tuberculosa VU 

Menegazzia terebrata VU 

Micarea pseudomarginata VU 

Opegrapha fumosa VU 

Opegrapha prosodea VU 

Pertusaria velata VU 

Phaeographis lyellii VU 

Porina hibernica VU 

Pyrenula laevigata VU 

Pyrenula occidentalis VU 

Ramonia dictyospora VU



Schismatomma cretaceum VU 

Schismatomma graphidioides VU 

Schismatomma niveum VU 

Stereocaulon delisei VU 

Stereocaulon plicatile VU 

Sticta canariensis / dufourii VU 

Sticta fuliginosa VU 

Syncesia myrticola VU 

Usnea articulata VU 

Wadeana dendrographa VU 

Melaspilea lentiginosa NE 

Agonimia wheldonii NT 

Arthonia anombrophila NT 

Arthonia astroidestra NT 

Arthonia atlantica NT 

Atla wheldonii NT 

Cresponea premnea NT 

Hypotrachyna sinuosa NT 

Hypotrachyna taylorensis NT 

Lecania chlorotiza NT 

Lecanora sublivescens NT 

Leptogium britannicum NT 

Leptogium cyanescens NT 

Micarea pycnidiophora NT 

Nephroma laevigatum NT 

Pannaria conoplea NT 

Parmeliella parvula NT 

Parmeliella triptophylla NT 

Parmelinopsis horrescens NT 

Peltigera britannica NT 

Peltigera collina NT 

Phyllopsora rosei NT 

Porina coralloidea NT 

Porina rosei NT 

Ptychographa xylographoides NT 

Ramonia chrysophaea NT 

Rinodina isidioides NT 

Schismatomma quercicola NT 

Sticta limbata NT 

Sticta sylvatica NT 

Thelocarpon magnussonii NT 

Acarospora benedarensis DD 

Caloplaca britannica DD 

Caloplaca ferruginea DD 

Cryptothele rhodosticta DD 

Eopyrenula avellanae DD 

Jamesiella scotica DD 

Melaspilea interjecta DD 

Micarea lgnaria endoleuca DD 

Nephroma tangeriense DD 

Pertusaria ophthalmiza DD 

Ramalina portuensis DD 

Thelocarpon opertum DD 

Usnea esperantiana DD 

Usnea glabrata DD 


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30 



Wadeana minuta DD 

Anisomeridium viridescens LC 

Arthonia ilicina LC 

Calicium lenticulare LC 

Eopyrenula grandicula LC 

Graphina ruiziana LC 

Gyalideopsis muscicola LC 

Hypotrachyna endochlora LC 

Lecanactis subabietinum LC 

Micarea alabastrites LC 

Micarea stipitata LC 

Micarea synotheoides LC 

Micarea xanthonica LC 

Opegrapha corticola LC 

Opegrapha saxigena LC 

Opegrapha xerica LC 

Phaeographis inusta LC 

Polyblastia agraria LC 

Ramalina fraxinea LC 

Rinodina roboris var. roboris LC 

Schismatomma umbrinum LC 

Stenocybe septata [F] LC 

Strigula taylorii LC 

Table 9. Species with British populations of international importance. 

A very crude assessment of responsibility within Britain has also been made by 

comparing the number of hectads occupied by each taxon in Wales with those in Britain. 

From the total British figure, a simple proportion of hectads that occur in Wales was 

calculated. Where possible, adjustments have been made for hectads that straddle the 

English-Welsh border. Any taxon for which Wales has 20% or more of the GB population 

whether threatened or not in Wales is listed in Table 10.

Taxon Wales Red % of GB 

Data List Population 

Placynthium hungaricum DD 100? 

Arthothelium spectabile EX 100 

Buellia spuria DD 100 

Cladonia alpina LC 100 

Cryptothele rhodosticta DD 100 

Epigloea filifera DD 100 

Gyalideopsis crenulata DD 100 

Lepraria nylanderiana DD 100 

Placynthium anemoideum EX? 100 

Porpidia ochrolemma DD 100 

Staurothele rufa EN 100 

Thelocarpon saxicola DD 100 

Trapeliopsis aeneofusca DD 100 

Gyalidea subscutellaris NT 92 

Lecanora strobilina VU 83 

Protoparmelia atriseda NT 83 

Verrucaria pachyderma DD 82 

Porina byssophila VU 80 

Placynthiella hyporhoda VU 80 

Vezdaea cobria LC 80 

Parmotrema robustum CR 75 

Cladonia azorica LC 73 

Vezdaea acicularis NT 71 

Coppinsia minutissima LC 69 

Buellia hyperbolica EN 67 

Endocarpon adscendens CR 67 

Aspicilia intermutans DD 67 

Aspicilia recedens DD 67 

Cladonia peziziformis NT 67 

Lecidea endomelaena NT 67 

Verrucaria bulgarica LC 67 

Absconditella celata DD 66 

Bacidia fuscoviridis LC 66? 

Vezdaea rheocarpa LC 65 

Absconditella trivialis NT 63 

Tephromela pertusarioides DD 63 

Lecanora gisleriana VU 60 

Melaspilea interjecta DD 60 

Polyblastia philaea DD 60 

Pyrenopsis impolita DD 60 

Rinodina immersa DD 60 

Porina guentheri var. lucens LC 58 

Epigloea medioincrassata DD 57 

Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC 56 

Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT 56 

Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT 55 

Rhizocarpon anaperum VU 50 

Stereocaulon glareosum VU 50 

Caloplaca atroflava DD 50 

Cladonia norvegica DD 50 

Lecanora ochroidea LC 50 

Lichenomphalia velutina LC 50 

Micarea globulosella DD 50 

Polyblastia quartzina VU 50 

Ramalina polymorpha NT 50 


31


32 



Rhizocarpon submodestum DD 50 

Rinodina conradii LC 50 

Schaereria corticola CR 50 

Thelocarpon impressellum LC 50 

Thelocarpon robustum DD 50 

Verrucaria madida DD 50 

Leptogium palmatum LC 49 

Parmelinopsis horrescens NT 49 

Arthonia ligniaria LC 47 

Lecidea swartzioidea LC 47 

Leptogium intermedium LC 47 

Lecanactis dilleniana LC 46 

Lecanora semipallida LC 46 

Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT 45 

Pterygiopsis lacustris VU 44 

Collema fragile NT 44 

Toninia thiopsora LC 44 

Anisomeridium robustum NT 43 

Caloplaca herbidella VU 43 

Gyalecta biformis VU 43 

Leptogium subtile LC 43 

Scoliciosporum curvatum LC 43 

Verrucaria internigrescens LC 43 

Caloplaca alociza LC 42 

Caloplaca lucifuga VU 42 

Ephebe hispidula DD 42 

Polysporina lapponica LC 42 

Lecidea fuliginosa LC 41 

Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT 41 

Thrombium epigaeum LC 41 

Degelia ligulata VU 40 

Protoparmeliopsis achariana EN 40 

Lecidea promixta LC 40 

Micarea farinosa DD 40 

Polyblastia agraria LC 40 

Umbilicaria hirsuta NT 40 

Verrucaria bryoctona LC 40 

Verrucaria latericola DD 40 

Xerotrema quercicola LC 40 

Collemopsidium elegans LC 39 

Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC 39 

Rimularia insularis LC 39 

Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU 38 

Caloplaca obliterans LC 38 

Lecania suavis DD 38 

Porocyphus kenmorensis NT 38 

Caloplaca maritima LC 37 

Lecanora handelii NT 37 

Placopsis lambii LC 37 

Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT 36 

Arthonia atlantica NT 36 

Leptogium diffractum NT 36 

Rinodina isidioides NT 36 

Mycoblastus affinis VU 35 

Steinia geophana LC 34



Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU 33 

Microcalicium ahlneri VU 33 

Rinodina milvina VU 33 

Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR 33 

Buellia sequax LC 33 

Calicium adspersum CR 33 

Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD 33 

Epigloea bactrospora DD 33 

Fellhanera duplex DD 33 

Fulgensia fulgens EN 33 

Fuscidea mollis VU 33 

Lecania nylanderiana DD 33 

Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD 33 

Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU 33 

Rhizocarpon superficiale VU 33 

Rinodina occulta NT 33 

Rinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT 33 

Thelocarpon opertum DD 33 

Thelocarpon superellum DD 33 

Usnea glabrata DD 33 

Thelidium pluvium NT 32 

Pyrenopsis subareolata LC 32 

Amygdalaria consentiens NT 31 

Absconditella delutula LC 31 

Lithographa tesserata LC 31 

Melaspilea granitophila LC 31 

Lecanora sublivescens NT 30 

Phaeographis inusta LC 30 

Synalissa symphorea VU 30 

Verrucaria calciseda LC 30 

Caloplaca asserigena LC 29 

Micarea coppinsii LC 29 

Placynthium tremniacum DD 29 

Rinodina orculariopsis LC 29 

Thelocarpon pallidum DD 29 

Porpidia melinodes LC 28 

Rimularia intercedens LC 28 

Graphina pauciloculata EN 27 

Miriquidica lulensis VU 27 

Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU 27 

Stereocaulon condensatum NT 27 

Collemopsidium orustense LC 27 

Micarea viridileprosa LC 27 

Nephroma tangeriense DD 27 

Porocyphus leptogiella NT 27 

Ramalina portuensis DD 27 

Lecidea ahlesii LC 26 

Porina ahlesiana NT 26 

Porocyphus coccodes LC 26 

Lemmopsis arnoldiana VU 25 

Leptogium subtorulosum EN 25 

Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR 25 

Xanthoparmelia tinctina EN 25 

Agonimia repleta DD 25 

Bacidia circumspecta VU 25 


33


34 



Caloplaca chrysophthalma DD 25 

Catapyrenium rufescens DD 25 

Collema undulatum var. granulosum DD 25 

Fellhanera viridisorediata DD 25 

Gyalidea lecideopsis EN 25 

Lecanora rugosella DD 25 

Melaspilea amota DD 25 

Micarea submilliaria VU 25 

Micarea subviridescens LC 25 

Parmelina quercina VU 25 

Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU 25 

Stereocaulon symphycheilum VU 25 

Polyblastia inumbrata DD 24 

Teloschistes flavicans VU 23 

Lecanora quercicola VU 22 

Collemopsidium angermannicum NT 22 

Rinodina flavosoralifera NT 22 

Stereocaulon delisei VU 21 

Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC 21 

Porina rosei NT 21 

Schismatomma umbrinum LC 21 

Collema parvum VU 20 

Mycomicrothelia atlantica VU 20 

Thelidium impressum VU 20 

Thermutis velutina VU 20 

Caloplaca irrubescens DD 20 

Pertusaria melanochlora EN 20 

Placynthium dolichoterum VU 20 

Placynthium subradiatum LC 20 

Porina grandis VU 20 

Rhizocarpon amphibium DD 20 

Rhizocarpon simillimum DD 20 

Rinodina aspersa NT 20 

Staurothele guestphalica DD 20 

Table 10. Threatened Welsh taxa for which Wales has 20% or more of total GB hectads, in 

order of decreasing proportion.

8. Lichen Red Data List 


See section 6 for an explanation of the columns (page 14). 

Taxon 

Wales Red List threat status 

British Red List threat status 

Criteria 

National/international responsibility 

Edge of British range in Wales 

Rarity 


BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*) 

Proportion of British population 

Absconditella celata DD LC NR 66 

Absconditella delutula LC LC NS 31 

Absconditella lignicola DD LC NR 

Absconditella trivialis NT LC NR 63 

Acarospora badiofusca VU D2 NT NR S 

Acarospora benedarensis DD DD NR E S ? 

Acarospora fuscata LC LC 

Acarospora glaucocarpa LC LC NS 

Acarospora impressula LC LC 

Acarospora macrospora ssp. macrospora RE NT NR 

Acarospora nitrophila LC DD NR 

Acarospora rufescens DD LC 

Acarospora sinopica LC LC 

Acarospora smaragdula LC LC 

Acarospora umbilicata LC LC NS 

Acarospora veronensis LC LC NS 

Acarospora verruciformis DD DD NR 

Acrocordia conoidea LC LC 

Acrocordia gemmata LC LC 

Acrocordia macrospora NT LC NS 

Acrocordia salweyi LC LC 

Adelolecia pilati DD DD NR 

Agonimia allobata NT LC NS 

Agonimia gelatinosa LC LC NS 

Agonimia globulifera DD LC NS 33 

Agonimia octospora VU D1 NT NS IR 

Agonimia opuntiella DD DD NR 

Agonimia repleta DD DD NR 25 

Agonimia tristicula LC LC 

Ainoa mooreana NT LC NS S 

Alectoria nigricans VU D1 LC S 

Allantoparmelia alpicola VU D1 LC NS S 

Amandinea coniops LC LC NS 

Amandinea lecideina LC LC ?NS 

Amandinea punctata LC LC 

Schedule 8 species 

35


36 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Rarity 




Amygdalaria consentiens NT LC NS S 31 

Amygdalaria pelobotryon LC LC S 

Anaptychia ciliaris ssp. ciliaris EN C2ai EN P* 

Anaptychia ciliaris ssp. mamillata NT NT NS 

Anaptychia runcinata LC LC 

Anisomeridium biforme LC LC 

Anisomeridium polypori LC LC 

Anisomeridium ranunculosporum LC LC 

Anisomeridium robustum NT LC NR ?E 43 

Anisomeridium viridescens LC LC NS IR 

Arctoparmelia incurva LC LC 

Arthonia anombrophila NT LC NS IR? 

Arthonia arthonioides LC LC NS 

Arthonia astroidestera NT NT NS IR N 

Arthonia atlantica NT NT NR ?E N 36 P* 

Arthonia cinnabarina LC LC 

Arthonia didyma LC LC 

Arthonia elegans LC LC 

Arthonia endlicheri LC LC ?NS 

Arthonia ilicina LC LC IR 

Arthonia lapidicola LC LC 

Arthonia leucopellaea LC LC NS 

Arthonia ligniaria LC LC NS 47 

Arthonia ligniariella VU D1 LC NR 

Arthonia mediella VU D1 LC NS 

Arthonia muscigena LC LC NS 

Arthonia phaeobaea LC LC NS 

Arthonia pruinata LC LC 

Arthonia punctiformis [F] LC LC 

Arthonia punctilliformis [F] EX? NE NR E 

Arthonia radiata LC LC 

Arthonia spadicea LC LC 

Arthonia stellaris LC LC NS 

Arthonia vinosa NT LC 

Arthonia zwackhii VU D1 NT NR 

Arthopyrenia analepta [F] LC LC 

Arthopyrenia atractospora DD NT NR 

Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU D1 LC NS ?E S 

Arthopyrenia cerasi [F] NT LC NS 

Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa [F] LC LC 

Arthopyrenia fraxini [F] LC LC NS 

Arthopyrenia nitescens LC LC NS ?E S 

Arthopyrenia punctiformis [F] LC LC 

Arthopyrenia salicis LC LC 

Arthopyrenia saxicola LC LC NS 

Arthothelium ruanum LC LC NS 

Arthothelium spectabile EX EX 100 

Arthrorhaphis citrinella LC LC 

Aspicilia aquatica DD DD NR 

Aspicilia caesiocinerea LC LC 

Aspicilia calcarea LC LC

Taxon 



Criteria 



Rarity 





Aspicilia cinerea LC LC 

Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta LC LC 

Aspicilia epiglypta LC LC NS 

Aspicilia grisea LC LC 

Aspicilia intermutans DD DD NR S 67 

Aspicilia laevata LC LC NS 

Aspicilia leprosescens LC LC 

Aspicilia radiosa LC LC 

Aspicilia recedens DD DD NR S 67 

Aspicilia subdepressa DD DD NR 

Atla wheldonii NT NT NS E S 

Bacidia absistens VU D1 LC 

Bacidia adastra LC LC NR W 

Bacidia arceutina LC LC 

Bacidia arnoldiana LC LC 

Bacidia bagliettoana LC LC 

Bacidia biatorina NT LC 

Bacidia caligans LC LC NS 

Bacidia carneoglauca LC LC NS S 

Bacidia chloroticula LC LC NS 

Bacidia circumspecta VU D1 VU NS 25 P* 

Bacidia delicata LC LC 

Bacidia egenula LC LC NS 

Bacidia friesiana VU ? D2 LC NS 

Bacidia fuscoviridis LC LC NS 66? 

Bacidia herbarum VU D2 DD NS 

Bacidia incompta CR A2 VU P* 

Bacidia inundata LC LC 

Bacidia laurocerasi LC LC 

Bacidia phacodes LC LC 

Bacidia polychroa EX EX 

Bacidia rubella LC LC 

Bacidia saxenii LC LC NS 

Bacidia scopulicola LC LC 

Bacidia squamellosa DD LC NS 

Bacidia subincompta RE VU NS S P 

Bacidia trachona LC LC NS 

Bacidia viridescens LC LC NS 

Bacidia viridifarinosa LC LC 

Bactrospora corticola NT LC NS 

Baeomyces carneus DD DD NR S? 

Baeomyces placophyllus LC LC 

Baeomyces rufus LC LC 

Belonia incarnata NT LC NS 

Belonia nidarosiensis LC LC 

Belonia russula VU D2 LC NS S 

Biatora britannica DD LC NR W 

Biatora chrysantha NT LC NS 

Biatora globulosa CR D1 NT NS S 

Biatora vernalis NT LC NS 

Biatoridium delitescens CR D1 VU NR S 

37


38 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Biatoridium monasteriense CR B1a,D EN NR S P* 

Bilimbia lobulata LC LC 

Bilimbia sabuletorum LC LC 

Blarneya hibernica CR B1a,D NT NR IR N P* 

Botryolepraria lesdainii LC LC 

Bryophagus gloeocapsa LC LC NS 

Bryoria bicolor VU C1 LC NS 

Bryoria chalybeiformis VU C1 LC NS 

Bryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens VU C1 LC 

Bryoria smithii RE? CR NR P* 

Bryoria subcana LC LC 

Buellia aethalea LC LC 

Buellia badia LC LC NS W 

Buellia disciformis LC LC 

Buellia erubescens NT LC NS 

Buellia griseovirens LC LC 

Buellia hyperbolica EN B1a,D VU NR 67 P* 

Buellia leptocline LC LC NR 

Buellia leptoclinoides DD LC NR 

Buellia ocellata LC LC 

Buellia pulverea LC LC NS 

Buellia schaereri LC LC 

Buellia sequax LC LC NS 33 

Buellia spuria DD DD NR 100 

Buellia stellulata LC LC ?NS 

Buellia subdisciformis LC LC 

Buellia uberior DD DD NR 

Bunodophoron melanocarpum NT LC 

Byssoloma marginatum LC LC NS 

Byssoloma subdiscordans EN B1a,D NT NR N 

Calicium adspersum CR D1 CR NR 33 P* 

Calicium glaucellum LC LC 

Calicium lenticulare LC LC NS IR 

Calicium quercinum EX EX 

Calicium salicinum LC LC 

Calicium viride LC LC 

Caloplaca alociza LC LC NS 42 

Caloplaca arcis DD LC NS 

Caloplaca arenaria LC LC NS 

Caloplaca arnoldii LC LC NS 

Caloplaca asserigena LC LC NS 29 

Caloplaca atroflava DD CR NR 50 P* 

Caloplaca aurantia LC LC 

Caloplaca britannica DD DD NR ?E 

Caloplaca ceracea LC LC 

Caloplaca cerina var. cerina LC LC 

Caloplaca cerina var. chloroleuca DD LC NS 

Caloplaca cerinella LC LC 

Caloplaca cerinelloides DD LC NS 

Caloplaca chalybaea LC LC NS 

Caloplaca chlorina LC LC 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Caloplaca chrysodeta LC LC 

Caloplaca cirrochroa LC LC 

Caloplaca citrina LC LC 

Caloplaca crenularia LC LC 

Caloplaca crenulatella LC LC 

Caloplaca dalmatica LC LC 

Caloplaca decipiens LC LC 

Caloplaca dichroa DD DD NR 

Caloplaca ferruginea DD LC IR 

Caloplaca flavescens LC LC 

Caloplaca flavocitrina LC LC 

Caloplaca flavorubescens CR D1 EN NS P* 

Caloplaca flavovirescens LC LC 

Caloplaca granulosa NT NT NR 

Caloplaca herbidella VU D2 VU NR 43 P* 

Caloplaca holocarpa LC LC 

Caloplaca irrubescens DD DD NR 20 

Caloplaca lactea LC LC 

Caloplaca littorea LC LC NS 

Caloplaca lucifuga VU D1 VU NR 42 P* 

Caloplaca luteoalba CR B2a EN NS P* S8 

Caloplaca marina LC LC 

Caloplaca maritima LC LC NS 37 

Caloplaca microthallina LC LC 

Caloplaca obliterans LC LC NS S 38 

Caloplaca obscurella LC LC 

Caloplaca ochracea LC LC NS 

Caloplaca phlogina DD NE ?NS 

Caloplaca polycarpa DD LC NR 

Caloplaca ruderum LC LC 

Caloplaca saxicola LC LC 

Caloplaca scopularis NT NT NS S 

Caloplaca sorediella DD DD NR 25 

Caloplaca teicholyta LC LC 

Caloplaca thallincola LC LC 

Caloplaca ulcerosa LC LC 

Caloplaca variabilis LC LC 

Caloplaca verruculifera LC LC 

Caloplaca vitellinula DD NE NR 

Caloplaca xantholyta LC LC 

Calvitimela aglaea LC LC NS 

Candelaria concolor LC LC 

Candelariella aurella f. aurella LC LC 

Candelariella coralliza LC LC 

Candelariella medians f. medians LC LC 

Candelariella reflexa LC LC 

Candelariella vitellina f. vitellina LC LC 

Candelariella xanthostigma LC LC 

Carbonea vorticosa DD LC NS S 

Catapyrenium cinereum LC LC NS 

Catapyrenium psoromoides RE CR NR P S8 

Rarity 




39


40 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Catapyrenium rufescens DD DD NR 25 

Catillaria aphana VU D2 NT NR X 

Catillaria atomarioides LC LC NS 

Catillaria chalybeia var. chalybeia LC LC 

Catillaria chalybeia var. chloropoliza DD NE ? 

Catillaria contristans VU D1 LC NS S 

Catillaria lenticularis LC LC 

Catillaria nigroclavata DD LC NS 

Catillaria scotinodes NT LC NS S 

Catillaria subviridis DD VU NR S X 

Catinaria atropurpurea NT LC 

Celothelium ischnobelum LC LC 

Cetraria aculeata LC LC 

Cetraria ericetorum RE LC NS S 

Cetraria islandica ssp. islandica NT LC 

Cetraria muricata LC LC 

Cetraria sepincola VU A2 LC S 

Cetrelia olivetorum s. lat. NT LC 

Cetrariella commixta NT LC NS S 

Chaenotheca brachypoda VU D1 LC NS 

Chaenotheca brunneola LC LC 

Chaenotheca chlorella EN D NT NS 

Chaenotheca chrysocephala LC LC 

Chaenotheca ferruginea LC LC 

Chaenotheca furfuracea LC LC 

Chaenotheca hispidula LC LC NS 

Chaenotheca phaeocephala EX? CR NR P* 

Chaenotheca stemonea VU D1 LC NS 

Chaenotheca trichialis LC LC 

Chaenothecopsis nigra LC LC NS 

Chaenothecopsis savonica VU D2 NT NR 

Chrysothrix candelaris LC LC 

Chrysothrix chlorina NT LC NS 

Chrysothrix flavovirens LC LC 

Cladonia alpina LC DD NR 100 

Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa LC LC 

Cladonia azorica LC LC NS 73 

Cladonia bellidiflora LC LC 

Cladonia borealis DD DD NR S 

Cladonia caespiticia LC LC 

Cladonia callosa DD LC NS 

Cladonia cariosa DD LC NS 

Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis LC LC 

Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata LC LC 

Cladonia chlorophaea s. lat. LC LC 

Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata LC LC 

Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis LC LC 

Cladonia coniocraea LC LC 

Cladonia cornuta LC LC 

Cladonia crispata var. cetrariiformis LC LC 

Cladonia crispata var. crispata DD NE NR S 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Cladonia cyathomorpha LC LC NS 

Cladonia digitata LC LC 

Cladonia diversa LC LC 

Cladonia fimbriata LC LC 

Cladonia firma LC LC NS 

Cladonia floerkeana LC LC 

Cladonia foliacea LC LC 

Cladonia furcata ssp. furcata LC LC 

Cladonia furcata ssp. subrangiformis LC LC 

Cladonia glauca LC LC 

Cladonia gracilis LC LC 

Cladonia humilis LC LC 

Cladonia incrassata NT LC NS 

Cladonia luteoalba LC LC 

Cladonia macilenta LC LC 

Cladonia macrophylla VU D2 LC NS 

Cladonia mediterranea DD CR NR P 

Cladonia norvegica DD DD NR 50 

Cladonia ochrochlora LC LC 

Cladonia parasitica LC LC 

Cladonia peziziformis NT CR NR 67 P* 

Cladonia pocillum LC LC 

Cladonia polydactyla var. polydactyla LC LC 

Cladonia portentosa LC LC 

Cladonia pyxidata LC LC 

Cladonia ramulosa LC LC 

Cladonia rangiferina NT LC S 

Cladonia rangiformis LC LC 

Cladonia scabriuscula LC LC 

Cladonia squamosa var. squamosa LC LC 

Cladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa LC LC 

Cladonia strepsilis LC LC 

Cladonia stygia VU D2 DD NR S 

Cladonia subcervicornis LC LC 

Cladonia subulata LC LC 

Cladonia sulphurina VU D2 LC S 

Cladonia symphycarpia DD LC NS 

Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis LC LC 

Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis VU D2 NT NR 

Claurouxia chalybeioides LC LC NS 

Clauzadia condrodes DD DD NR 33 

Clauzadea immersa LC LC 

Clauzadea metzleri LC LC NS 

Clauzadea monticola LC LC 

Clauzadeana macula LC LC NS 

Cliostomum corrugatum DD VU NR 

Cliostomum griffithii LC LC 

Cliostomum tenerum LC LC 

Coccotrema citrinescens VU D2 LC NS S 

Collema auriforme LC LC 

Collema callopismum var. callopismum VU D2 DD NR 

Rarity 




41


42 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Collema crispum var. crispum LC LC 

Collema cristatum var. cristatum LC LC 

Collema dichotomum EN A4,B2b VU NS P* S8 

Collema fasciculare CR NT NS IR S P* 

Collema flaccidum LC LC 

Collema fragile NT VU NR 44 P* 

Collema fragrans RE? EN NS IR * 

Collema furfuraceum NT LC 

Collema fuscovirens LC LC 

Collema glebulentum NT LC NS S 

Collema limosum LC LC NS 

Collema multipartitum LC LC NS 

Collema nigrescens VU D2 NT NS 

Collema occultatum VU D2 NT NS 

Collema parvum VU D2 VU NR 20 

Collema polycarpon LC LC NS 

Collema subflaccidum LC LC 

Collema subnigrescens CR D1 DD NR 

Collema tenax var. ceranoides LC LC 

Collema tenax var. corallinum LC NE ? 

Collema tenax var. tenax LC LC 

Collema tenax var. vulgare LC LC 

Collema undulatum var. granulosum DD DD NR 25 

Collema undulatum var. undulatum DD DD NR S 

Collemopsidium angermannicum NT NT NS 22 

Collemopsidium caesium DD NT NR S 25 

Collemopsidium elegans LC LC NS 39 

Collemopsidium foveolatum LC LC ? 

Collemopsidium halodytes LC LC 

Collemopsidium monense LC LC NS 

Collemopsidium orustense LC LC NS 27 

Coppinsia minutissima LC LC NS 69 

Cornicularia normoerica LC LC 

Cresponea premnea var. premnea NT LC IR 

Cresponea premnea var. saxicola DD NE ? 

Cryptolechia carneolutea VU D2 EN NS IR P 

Cryptothele rhodosticta DD DD NR IR 100 

Cyphelium inquinans LC LC 

Cyrtidula quercus [F] LC LC 

Cystocoleus ebeneus LC LC 

Degelia atlantica VU A2,D1 LC IR 

Degelia ligulata VU D2 VU NR IR 40 

Degelia plumbea VU A2,D1 LC IR 

Dermatocarpon intestiniforme LC LC 

Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT LC NS 45 

Dermatocarpon luridum LC LC 

Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT LC NS 36 

Dermatocarpon miniatum var. miniatum LC LC 

Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD DD NR S 33 

Dibaeis baeomyces LC LC 

Dictyonema interruptum RE DD NR 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Dimerella lutea NT LC 

Dimerella pineti LC LC 

Diploicia canescens LC LC 

Diploschistes caesioplumbeus LC LC NS 

Diploschistes gypsaceus NT LC NS 

Diploschistes muscorum LC LC 

Diploschistes scruposus LC LC 

Diplotomma alboatrum LC LC 

Diplotomma chlorophaeum LC LC 

Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU D2 NT NS 33 

Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata LC LC 

Endocarpon adscendens CR D1 EN NR 67 P* 

Endocarpon pusillum EN B1a,D NT NR 

Enterographa crassa LC LC 

Enterographa hutchinsiae LC LC 

Eopyrenula avellanae [F] DD LC NS IR 

Eopyrenula grandicula [F] LC LC NS IR 

Ephebe hispidula DD NT NR 42 

Ephebe lanata LC LC 

Eiglera flavida DD LC NS S 

Epigloea bactrospora DD LC NR S 33 

Epigloea filifera DD LC NR 100 

Epigloea medioincrassata DD LC NR 57 

Epigloea soleiformis LC LC NS 

Epiphloea byssina DD LC NR 

Euopsis granatina DD DD NS 

Evernia prunastri LC LC 

Farnoldia jurana LC LC NS 

Fellhanera bouteillei LC LC NS 

Fellhanera duplex DD DD NR 33 

Fellhanera ochracea DD LC NR 

Fellhanera subtilis LC LC NR 

Fellhanera viridisorediata DD DD NR 25 

Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC LC NR 56 

Fellhaneropsis vezdae LC LC 

Flavoparmelia caperata LC LC 

Flavoparmelia soredians LC LC 

Frutidella caesioatra VU D2 LC NS S 

Fulgensia fulgens EN D EN NR 33 P* 

Fuscidea austera DD NT NS S 

Fuscidea cyathoides var. cyathoides LC LC 

Fuscidea cyathoides var. sorediata LC NE NR 

Fuscidea gothoburgensis LC LC NS 

Fuscidea intercincta NT LC NS S 

Fuscidea kochiana LC LC 

Fuscidea lightfootii LC LC 

Fuscidea lygaea LC LC 

Fuscidea mollis VU D2 DD NR S 33 

Fuscidea praeruptorum LC LC 

Fuscidea recensa LC LC 

Fuscopannaria mediterranea VU D1 LC NS 

Rarity 




43


44 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Fuscopannaria sampaiana EN D1 NT NS IR P* 

Gomphillus calycioides EN D1 NT NS IR S P* 

Graphina anguina LC LC 

Graphina pauciloculata EN D VU NR E 27 P* 

Graphina ruiziana LC LC NS IR 

Graphis elegans LC LC 

Graphis scripta LC LC 

Gregorella humida LC LC NR 

Gyalecta biformis VU D2 DD NR 43 

Gyalecta derivata LC LC NS 

Gyalecta flotowii LC NT NS * 

Gyalecta foveolaris EN D NT NR S 

Gyalecta jenensis var. jenensis LC LC 

Gyalecta truncigena LC LC 

Gyalidea fritzei EN D NT NR S 

Gyalidea lecideopsis EN D DD NR 25 

Gyalidea subscutellaris NT NT NR 92 

Gyalideopsis crenulata DD DD NR E 100 

Gyalideopsis muscicola LC LC NS IR 

Haematomma ochroleucum var. ochroleucum LC LC 

Haematomma ochroleucum var. porphyrium LC LC 

Halecania ralfsii LC LC NS 

Halecania spodomela NT LC NR 

Halecania viridescens LC LC NS 

Herteliana gagei LC LC NS 

Heterodermia japonica VU D2 NT NS X 

Heterodermia leucomela VU D2 EN NR IR N P* S8 

Hymenelia epulotica NT LC NS 

Hymenelia heteromorpha VU D2 VU NR S 

Hymenelia prevostii LC LC NS 

Hyperphyscia adglutinata LC LC 

Hypocenomyce caradocensis LC LC 

Hypocenomyce friesii NT LC NS S 

Hypocenomyce scalaris LC LC 

Hypogymnia physodes LC LC 

Hypogymnia tubulosa LC LC 

Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta DD NE NR 

Hypotrachyna britannica LC LC 

Hypotrachyna endochlora LC LC NS IR 

Hypotrachyna laevigata LC LC 

Hypotrachyna revoluta LC LC 

Hypotrachyna sinuosa NT LC IR 

Hypotrachyna taylorensis NT LC IR 

Icmadophila ericetorum LC LC 

Immersaria athroocarpa LC LC NS 

Imshaugia aleurites LC LC 

Ionaspis lacustris LC LC 

Ionaspis odora VU D2 LC NS S 

Ionaspis suaveolens VU D2 DD NR S 

Jamesiella anastomosans LC LC 

Jamesiella scotica DD NT NS E S P 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Japewiella tavaresiana LC LC 

Koerberiella wimmeriana VU D2 LC NS S 

Lasallia pustulata LC LC 

Lecanactis abietina LC LC 

Lecanactis dilleniana LC LC NS 46 

Lecanactis latebrarum NT LC NR 

Lecanactis subabietina LC LC IR 

Lecania aipospila LC LC NS 

Lecania atrynoides LC LC NS 

Lecania baeomma LC LC NS 

Lecania chlorotiza NT NT NS IR P* 

Lecania cuprea LC LC NS 

Lecania cyrtella LC LC 

Lecania cyrtellina LC LC NS 

Lecania erysibe LC LC 

Lecania fructigena DD LC NR 

Lecania hutchinsiae LC LC 

Lecania naegelii LC LC 

Lecania nylanderiana DD DD NR 33 

Lecania rabenhorstii LC LC NS 

Lecania suavis DD DD NR 38 

Lecania sylvestris DD LC NS 

Lecania turicensis LC LC 

Lecanographa amylacea EN D VU NS IR P* 

Lecanographa lyncea EN D LC IR 

Lecanora achariana EN D CR NR S 40 P* S8 

Lecanora actophila LC LC 

Lecanora agardhiana LC DD NR 

Lecanora aitema var. aitema LC LC 

Lecanora albellula LC LC NS 

Lecanora albescens LC LC 

Lecanora alboflavida LC LC 

Lecanora andrewii LC LC NS 

Lecanora argentata LC LC NS 

Lecanora barkmanniana DD LC NS 

Lecanora caesiosora DD LC NS S 

Lecanora campestris ssp. campestris LC LC 

Lecanora carpinea LC LC 

Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU D2 LC NR S 38 

Lecanora chlarotera LC LC 

Lecanora compallens DD LC NS 

Lecanora conferta LC LC 

Lecanora confusa LC LC 

Lecanora conizaeoides f. conizaeoides LC LC 

Lecanora conizaeoides f. variola DD NE ? 

Lecanora crenulata LC LC 

Lecanora dispersa LC LC 

Lecanora epanora LC L 

Lecanora expallens LC LC 

Lecanora fugiens LC LC 

Lecanora gangaleoides LC LC 

Rarity 




45


46 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Lecanora gisleriana VU D2 DD NR 60 

Lecanora hagenii LC NE 

Lecanora handelii NT NT NS 37 

Lecanora helicopis LC LC 

Lecanora horiza VU D2 NT NS 

Lecanora intricata LC LC 

Lecanora intumescens LC LC 

Lecanora jamesii LC LC 

Lecanora muralis LC LC 

Lecanora ochroidea LC DD NR N 50 

Lecanora orosthea LC LC 

Lecanora persimilis DD LC NS 

Lecanora poliophaea LC LC 

Lecanora polytropa LC LC 

Lecanora praepostera LC LC NS 

Lecanora pulicaris LC LC 

Lecanora quercicola VU D2 VU NS IR 22 P* 

Lecanora rugosella DD DD NR 25 

Lecanora rupicola var. efflorens DD LC NS S 

Lecanora rupicola var. rupicola LC LC 

Lecanora saligna LC LC 

Lecanora sambuci LC LC NS 

Lecanora semipallida LC LC NS 46 

Lecanora soralifera LC LC 

Lecanora stenotropa LC LC 

Lecanora strobilina VU D2 VU NR 83 

Lecanora subaurea NT LC NS 

Lecanora subcarnea LC LC NS 

Lecanora sublivescens NT NT NS IR 30 P* 

Lecanora sulphurea LC LC 

Lecanora symmicta LC LC 

Lecanora varia LC LC 

Lecanora zosteri DD LC NS 

Lecidea ahlesii LC LC NS 26 

Lecidea auriculata DD LC NS 

Lecidea berengeriana VU D2 DD NS S 

Lecidea commaculans RE DD NR 

Lecidea confluens LC LC NS 

Lecidea diducens LC LC NS 

Lecidea doliiformis LC LC NS 

Lecidea endomelaena NT DD NR S 67 

Lecidea erythrophaea DD VU NR 

Lecidea fuliginosa LC LC NS 41 

Lecidea fuscoatra LC LC 

Lecidea hypnorum VU D2 DD ?NS 

Lecidea hypopta LC LC NS 

Lecidea lactea LC LC 

Lecidea lapicida LC LC 

Lecidea lithophila LC LC 

Lecidea phaeops LC LC 

Lecidea plana LC LC NS 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Lecidea promixta LC DD NR S 40 

Lecidea sanguineoatra LC LC NS 

Lecidea silacea VU D2 LC NS S 

Lecidea swartzioidea LC LC NS S 47 

Lecidea turgidula LC LC 

Lecidella anomaloides DD LC NS 

Lecidella asema LC LC 

Lecidella carpathica LC LC 

Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera LC LC 

Lecidella elaeochroma f. elaeochroma LC LC 

Lecidella meiococca LC LC NS 

Lecidella scabra LC LC 

Lecidella stigmatea LC LC 

Lecidella viridans DD DD NR 

Lecidoma demissum LC LC NS S 

Lemmopsis arnoldiana VU D2 NT NR 25 

Lempholemma botryosum VU D2 LC NS 

Lempholemma cladodes VU D2 NT NR S 

Lempholemma intricatum VU D2 NT NR S 

Lempholemma polyanthes LC LC NS 

Lempholemma radiatum VU D2 NT NR S 

Lepraria atlantica LC LC NS 

Lepraria bergensis DD DD NR 

Lepraria borealis LC NE 

Lepraria caesioalba LC LC 

Lepraria crassissima LC LC NR 

Lepraria diffusa var. chrysodetoides LC LC NR 

Lepraria diffusa var. diffusum LC LC NS 

Lepraria eburnea LC LC NS 

Lepraria ecorticata LC LC NS 

Lepraria elobata LC LC NS 

Lepraria humida LC LC ?NR 

Lepraria incana LC LC 

Lepraria jackii LC LC 

Lepraria lobificans LC LC 

Lepraria membranacea LC LC 

Lepraria nivalis LC LC NS 

Lepraria nylanderiana DD DD NR 100 

Lepraria rigidula LC LC 

Lepraria sylvicola LC LC NS 

Lepraria umbricola LC LC NS 

Lepraria vouauxii LC LC 

Leprocaulon microscopicum LC LC 

Leptogium biatorinum DD LC NS 

Leptogium brebissonii VU D2 NT NS IR P* 

Leptogium britannicum NT LC NS IR 

Leptogium burgessii VU D2 LC IR 

Leptogium cochleatum CR D VU NS IR P* 

Leptogium cyanescens NT LC IR 

Leptogium diffractum NT NT NS 36 

Leptogium gelatinosum LC LC 

Rarity 




47


48 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Leptogium intermedium LC LC NS 47 

Leptogium lichenoides LC LC 

Leptogium massiliense VU D2 NT NR 

Leptogium palmatum LC NT NS 49 

Leptogium plicatile LC LC 

Leptogium schraderi LC LC 

Leptogium subtile LC LC NS 43 

Leptogium subtorulosum EN D NT NR S 25 

Leptogium tenuissimum VU D2 LC NS 

Leptogium teretiusculum LC LC 

Leptogium turgidum LC LC 

Leptorhaphis atomaria [F] VU D2 LC NS S 

Leptorhaphis epidermis [F] LC LC 

Leptorhaphis maggiana [F] DD LC NS 

Lichenomphalia alpina LC LC 

Lichenomphalia hudsoniana LC LC 

Lichenomphalia umbellifera LC LC 

Lichenomphalia velutina LC LC ? 50 

Lichina confinis LC LC 

Lichina pygmaea LC LC 

Lithographa tesserata LC LC NS 31 

Llimonaea sorediata LC LC 

Lobaria amplissima VU A4, D2 LC IR 

Lobaria pulmonaria VU A4 LC IR 

Lobaria scrobiculata CR A4, D LC IR 

Lobaria virens EN A4, D LC IR 

Lopadium disciforme LC LC 

Loxospora elatina LC LC 

Massalongia carnosa LC LC 

Megalaria grossa NT LC 

Megalaria pulverea LC LC 

Megalospora tuberculosa VU D2 NT NS IR P* 

Megaspora verrucosa VU D2 NT NS 

Melanelia disjuncta NT LC NS 

Melanelia hepatizon VU D2 LC NS 

Melanelia stygia CR D NT NS S 

Melanelixa fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa LC LC 

Melanelixa fuliginosa ssp. glabratula LC LC 

Melanelixa subaurifera LC LC 

Melanohalea elegantula LC LC 

Melanohalea exasperata LC LC 

Melanohalea exasperatula LC LC 

Melanohalea laciniatula LC LC 

Melaspilea amota [F] DD NT NR N 25 

Melaspilea atroides [F] LC LC NS S 

Melaspilea granitophila LC LC NS S 31 

Melaspilea interjecta DD DD NR IR S 60 

Melaspilea lentiginosa [LF] NE NT NR IR P* 

Melaspilea ochrothalamia [F] LC LC NS 

Menegazzia subsimilis RE DD NS IR 

Menegazzia terebrata VU C2ai LC IR 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Merismatium deminutum LC LC NS 

Micarea adnata LC LC NS 

Micarea alabastrites LC LC IR 

Micarea bauschiana LC LC 

Micarea botryoides LC LC 

Micarea cinerea LC LC 

Micarea coppinsii LC LC NS 29 

Micarea deminuta DD LC NR 

Micarea denigrata LC LC 

Micarea erratica LC LC 

Micarea farinosa DD DD ?E E 40 

Micarea globulosella DD DD NR 50 

Micarea hedlundii NT NT NR S 

Micarea leprosula LC LC 

Micarea lignaria var. endoleuca DD LC NS IR 

Micarea lignaria var. lignaria LC LC 

Micarea lithinella LC LC NS 

Micarea lutulata LC LC 

Micarea marginata VU D2 LC NR S 

Micarea melaena LC LC 

Micarea micrococca LC LC 

Micarea misella LC LC NS 

Micarea myriocarpa LC LC NS 

Micarea nitschkeana LC LC 

Micarea peliocarpa LC LC 

Micarea prasina s. str. LC LC NS 

Micarea pseudomarginata VU D2 LC NR E 

Micarea pycnidiophora NT NT NS IR 

Micarea stipitata LC LC NS IR 

Micarea submilliaria VU D2 DD NR S 25 

Micarea subnigrata LC LC NS 

Micarea subviridescens LC LC NR 25 

Micarea sylvicola LC LC 

Micarea synotheoides LC LC NS IR 

Micarea ternaria DD LC NR S 

Micarea tuberculata LC LC NS 

Micarea turfosa VU D2 LC NS S 

Micarea viridileprosa LC LC NS 27 

Micarea xanthonica LC LC NS IR 

Microcalicium ahlneri [F] VU D2 LC NS 33 

Microcalicium arenariuim DD LC NR 

Microcalicium disseminatum [F] VU D2 LC NR 

Miriquidica atrofulva VU D2 LC NS S 

Miriquidica complanata f. complanata RE LC NS S 

Miriquidica leucophaea LC LC 

Miriquidica lulensis VU D2 NT NR S 27 

Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa LC LC NS 

Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC LC NS S 21 

Moelleropsis nebulosa NT LC NS 

Mycobilimbia epixanthoides NT LC 

Mycobilimbia pilularis NT LC 

Rarity 




49


50 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Mycoblastus affinis VU D2 LC NS S 35 

Mycoblastus caesius LC LC 

Mycoblastus fucatus LC LC 

Mycoblastus sanguinarius f. leprosus DD NE ? 

Mycoblastus sanguinarius f. sanguinarius LC LC 

Mycoglaena myricae [F] LC LC NS 

Mycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VU D2 NT NR S 20 

Mycomicrothelia confusa [F] LC LC 

Mycoporum antecellens [F] LC LC 

Myriospora heppii LC LC NS 

Nephroma laevigatum NT LC IR 

Nephroma parile NT LC 

Nephroma tangeriense DD NT NR IR 27 

Normandina acroglypta VU D2 LC NS 

Normandina pulchella LC LC 

Ochrolechia androgyna LC LC 

Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida NT LC S 

Ochrolechia inaequatula DD LC NS S 

Ochrolechia microstictoides LC LC NS 

Ochrolechia parella LC LC 

Ochrolechia subviridis LC LC 

Ochrolechia tartarea LC LC 

Ochrolechia turneri LC LC 

Opegrapha atra LC LC 

Opegrapha calcarea LC LC 

Opegrapha cesareensis LC LC 

Opegrapha corticola LC LC IR 

Opegrapha dolomitica LC LC NS 

Opegrapha fumosa VU D2 LC NS IR X 

Opegrapha gyrocarpa LC LC 

Opegrapha herbarum LC LC 

Opegrapha lithyrga LC LC NS 

Opegrapha mougeotii LC LC NS 

Opegrapha multipuncta LC LC 

Opegrapha niveoatra LC LC 

Opegrapha ochrocheila LC LC 

Opegrapha paraxanthodes NT NT NR P 

Opegrapha prosodea VU D2 NT NS IR N P* 

Opegrapha rufescens LC LC 

Opegrapha saxigena LC LC NS IR 

Opegrapha sorediifera LC LC 

Opegrapha varia LC LC 

Opegrapha vermicellifera LC LC 

Opegrapha viridis LC DD NS 

Opegrapha vulgata LC LC 

Opegrapha xerica LC LC NS IR? 

Opegrapha zonata LC LC 

Ophioparma ventosa LC LC 

Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VU D2 LC NS S 

Pachyphiale carneola NT LC 

Pannaria conoplea NT LC IR 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Pannaria rubiginosa CR D LC IR 

Parmelia discordans LC LC 

Parmelia omphalodes LC LC 

Parmelia saxatilis LC LC 

Parmelia sulcata LC LC 

Parmeliella parvula NT LC IR 

Parmeliella testacea CR D NT NS IR P* 

Parmeliella triptophylla NT LC IR 

Parmelina carporrhizans VU D2 VU NS N 25 P* 

Parmelina pastillifera LC LC 

Parmelina tiliacea LC LC 

Parmelinopsis horrescens NT NT NS IR N 49 * 

Parmelinopsis minarum VU D2 NT NR N S8 

Parmeliopsis ambigua LC LC 

Parmeliopsis hyperopta LC LC 

Parmotrema arnoldii DD NT NS 

Parmotrema crinitum NT LC 

Parmotrema perlatum LC LC 

Parmotrema reticulatum LC LC 

Parmotrema robustum CR D CR NR N 75 P* 

Peltigera britannica NT LC NS IR S 

Peltigera canina LC LC 

Peltigera collina NT LC IR 

Peltigera degenii LC LC NS S 

Peltigera didactyla LC LC 

Peltigera elizabethae NT NT NR S 

Peltigera horizontalis LC LC 

Peltigera hymenina LC LC 

Peltigera leucophlebia LC LC 

Peltigera membranacea LC LC 

Peltigera neckeri LC LC NS 

Peltigera polydactylon VU D2 LC NS 

Peltigera praetextata LC LC 

Peltigera rufescens LC LC 

Peltigera venosa CR D VU NS S P* 

Pertusaria albescens var. albescens LC LC 

Pertusaria albescens var. corallina LC LC 

Pertusaria amara f. amara LC LC 

Pertusaria amarescens VU D2 LC NR 

Pertusaria aspergilla LC LC 

Pertusaria chiodectonoides VU D2 LC NS 

Pertusaria coccodes LC LC 

Pertusaria corallina LC LC 

Pertusaria coronata NT LC NS 

Pertusaria dactylina VU D2 LC NS 

Pertusaria excludens LC LC NS S 

Pertusaria flavicans LC LC 

Pertusaria flavida LC LC 

Pertusaria hemisphaerica LC LC 

Pertusaria hymenea LC LC 

Pertusaria lactea LC LC 

Rarity 




51


52 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Pertusaria lactescens LC LC 

Pertusaria leioplaca LC LC 

Pertusaria melanochlora EN B1a,D EN NR 20 

Pertusaria monogona VU D2 LC NS 

Pertusaria multipuncta LC LC 

Pertusaria ophthalmiza DD LC NS IR 

Pertusaria pertusa LC LC 

Pertusaria pseudocorallina LC LC 

Pertusaria pupillaris LC LC 

Pertusaria pustulata RE VU NR 

Pertusaria velata VU D2 VU NS N P* 

Peterjamesia circumscripta LC LC 

Peterjamesia sorediata DD LC 

Petractis clausa LC LC 

Phaeographis dendritica LC LC 

Phaeographis inusta LC LC NS IR N 30 

Phaeographis lyellii VU D2 NT NS IR 

Phaeographis smithii LC LC 

Phaeophyscia nigricans LC LC 

Phaeophyscia orbicularis LC LC 

Phaeophyscia sciastra DD LC NS 

Phlyctis agelaea NT NT NS 

Phlyctis argena LC LC 

Phyllopsora rosei NT LC NS IR 

Physcia adscendens LC LC 

Physcia aipolia LC LC 

Physcia caesia LC LC 

Physcia clementei VU D2 NT NS 

Physcia dubia LC LC 

Physcia leptalea LC LC 

Physcia stellaris LC LC 

Physcia tenella ssp. marina DD NE 

Physcia tenella ssp. tenella LC LC 

Physcia tribacia LC LC 

Physcia tribacioides CR D VU NS P* S8 

Physconia distorta LC LC 

Physconia enteroxantha LC LC 

Physconia grisea LC LC 

Physconia perisidiosa NT LC 

Piccolia ochrophora LC LC 

Pilophorus strumaticus LC LC NS 

Placidiopsis custnani NT NT NS 

Placidium lachneum LC LC NS 

Placidium pilosellum NT NT NS 

Placidium squamulosum LC LC NS 

Placopsis lambii LC LC 37 

Placynthiella dasaea LC LC 

Placynthiella hyporhoda VU D2 LC NR 

Placynthiella icmalea LC LC 

Placynthiella oligotropha LC LC NS 

Placynthiella uliginosa LC LC 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Placynthium anemoideum EX? NE NR 100 

Placynthium asperellum VU D2 NT NR S 

Placynthium dolichoterum VU D2 DD NR S 20 

Placynthium flabellosum VU D2 LC NS S 

Placynthium garovaglioi NT LC NR 

Placynthium hungaricum DD DD NR 100? 

Placynthium nigrum LC LC 

Placynthium pannariellum VU D2 NT NS S 

Placynthium subradiatum LC LC NS 20 

Placynthium tantaleum RE LC NS 

Placynthium tremniacum DD DD NR 29 

Platismatia glauca LC LC 

Pleurosticta acetabulum DD LC W 

Poeltinula cerebrina EX? VU NR P 

Polyblastia agraria LC LC NS IR 40 

Polyblastia albida LC LC NS 

Polyblastia cruenta LC LC 

Polyblastia cupularis LC LC NS 

Polyblastia dermatodes NT LC NS 

Polyblastia efflorescens VU D2 NT NR S 

Polyblastia melaspora LC LC NS S 

Polyblastia philaea DD DD NR S 60 

Polyblastia quartzina VU D2 DD NR S 50 

Polyblastia schaereriana LC LC NS 

Polyblastia terrestris VU D2 NT NR S 

Polychidium muscicola NT LC NS 

Polysporina lapponica LC LC NS 42 

Polysporina simplex LC LC 

Porina aenea LC LC 

Porina ahlesiana NT NT NS 26 

Porina borreri var. borreri LC LC NS 

Porina byssophila VU D2 DD NR S 80 

Porina chlorotica f. chlorotica LC LC 

Porina coralloidea NT LC NS IR 

Porina curnowii VU D2 NT NR N 

Porina effilata EN D CR NR P* 

Porina grandis VU D2 DD NR S 20 

Porina guentheri var. guentheri LC LC NS 

Porina guentheri var. lucens LC LC NS 58 

Porina hibernica VU D2 NT NS IR P* 

Porina interjungens NT NT NS 

Porina lectissima LC LC 

Porina leptalea LC LC 

Porina linearis LC LC 

Porina rosei NT NT NS IR 21 X 

Porocyphus coccodes LC LC NS 26 

Porocyphus kenmorensis NT NT NS 38 

Porocyphus leptogiella NT NT NR S 27 

Porpidia cinereoatra LC LC 

Porpidia contraponenda LC LC NS 

Porpidia crustulata LC LC 

Rarity 




53


54 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Porpidia flavocruenta DD LC NS 

Porpidia hydrophila LC LC 

Porpidia macrocarpa f. macrocarpa LC LC 

Porpidia melinodes LC LC NS S 28 

Porpidia ochrolemma DD DD NR 100 

Porpidia pachythallina DD DD NR 

Porpidia platycarpoides LC LC 

Porpidia rugosa LC LC 

Porpidia soredizodes LC LC 

Porpidia speirea LC LC 

Porpidia striata LC LC NS 

Porpidia superba f. superba NT? LC NS S 

Porpidia superba f. sorediata NT? NE NR S 

Porpidia tuberculosa LC LC 

Protoblastenia calva LC LC 

Protoblastenia cyclospora VU D2 DD NR 

Protoblastenia incrustans LC LC 

Protoblastenia lilacina DD DD NR 

Protoblastenia rupestris LC LC 

Protoblastenia siebenhaariana VU D2 LC NS S 

Protopannaria pezizoides LC LC 

Protoparmelia atriseda NT VU NR S 83 

Protoparmelia badia LC LC 

Protoparmelia memnonia DD NT NR 

Protoparmelia montagnei VU D2 LC NS N 

Protothelenella corrosa NT LC NS S 

Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella VU D2 LC NS S 

Protothelenella sphinctrinoides VU D2 NT NR S 

Pseudephebe pubescens LC LC 

Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea LC LC 

Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea LC LC 

Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR D NT NS IR S P* 

Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR D VU NR IR S 25 P* S8 

Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR D LC NS IR S P* 

Psilolechia clavulifera LC LC NS 

Psilolechia leprosa LC LC 

Psilolechia lucida LC LC 

Psora decipiens NT LC NS 

Psoroglaena stigonemoides LC LC 

Psoroma hypnorum VU D2 LC NS 

Psorotichia schaereri NT LC NS 

Pterygiopsis concordatula VU D2 NT NS 

Pterygiopsis lacustris VU D2 NT NR 44 

Ptychographa xylographoides NT NT NS IR 

Punctelia borreri LC LC 

Punctelia jeckeri LC LC 

Punctelia reddenda NT LC 

Punctelia subrudecta LC LC 

Pycnothelia papillaria NT LC 

Pyrenopsis grumulifera DD DD NR S 

Pyrenopsis impolita DD DD NR S 60 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Pyrenopsis subareolata LC LC NS S 32 

Pyrenula chlorospila LC LC 

Pyrenula coryli [F] RE VU NR 

Pyrenula hibernica CR D VU NR IR S P* S8 

Pyrenula laevigata VU D2 LC NS IR 

Pyrenula macrospora LC LC 

Pyrenula occidentalis VU D2 LC IR 

Pyrrhospora quernea LC LC 

Racodium rupestris LC LC 

Ramalina calicaris LC LC 

Ramalina canariensis LC LC 

Ramalina cuspidata LC LC 

Ramalina farinacea LC LC 

Ramalina fastigiata LC LC 

Ramalina fraxinea LC LC IR 

Ramalina lacera DD LC 

Ramalina pollinaria LC LC NS 

Ramalina polymorpha NT NT NS S 50 

Ramalina portuensis DD LC NS IR 27 

Ramalina siliquosa LC LC 

Ramalina subfarinacea LC LC 

Ramonia chrysophaea NT NT NS IR P* 

Ramonia dictyospora VU D2 NT NR E P* 

Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella NT LC NS 

Rhizocarpon alpicola LC LC NS S 

Rhizocarpon amphibium DD DD NR S 20 

Rhizocarpon anaperum VU D2 LC NR 50 

Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU D2 LC NS 27 

Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD DD NR S 33 

Rhizocarpon caesium DD DD NR S 

Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT DD NR S 55 

Rhizocarpon distinctum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU D2 DD NR 25 

Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT NT NS 56 

Rhizocarpon geminatum DD DD NS S 

Rhizocarpon geographicum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon hochstetteri LC LC 

Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC DD NR 39 

Rhizocarpon infernulum f. sylvaticum LC LC NS 

Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU D2 DD NR S 33 

Rhizocarpon lavatum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon lecanorinum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon oederi LC LC 

Rhizocarpon petraeum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon polycarpum LC LC NS 

Rhizocarpon reductum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon richardii LC LC 

Rhizocarpon simillimum DD DD NR 20 

Rhizocarpon subgeminatum LC LC NS 

Rhizocarpon submodestum DD DD NR S 50 

Rhizocarpon superficiale VU D2 DD NR S 33 

Rarity 




55


56 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Rhizocarpon timdalii DD DD NR 100 

Rhizocarpon umbilicatum LC LC 

Rhizocarpon viridiatrum LC LC NS 

Rimularia badioatra LC LC NS 

Rimularia furvella LC LC 

Rimularia gyrizans NT LC NS 

Rimularia insularis LC LC NS 39 

Rimularia intercedens LC LC NS 28 

Rimularia limborina LC LC NS 

Rinodina aspersa NT NT NR 20 

Rinodina atrocinerea LC LC 

Rinodina biloculata VU D2 DD NR N 

Rinodina bischoffii LC LC NS 

Rinodina confragosa LC LC NS 

Rinodina conradii LC LC NS 50 

Rinodina efflorescens LC LC NS 

Rinodina fimbriata VU D2 LC NS 

Rinodina flavosoralifera NT NT NR 22 

Rinodina gennarii LC LC 

Rinodina griseosoralifera LC LC NS 

Rinodina immersa DD DD NR 60 

Rinodina insularis DD DD NS 

Rinodina interpolata NT NT NR 

Rinodina isidioides NT NT NS IR 36 P* 

Rinodina luridescens LC LC 

Rinodina milvina VU D1 NT NR S 33 

Rinodina occulta NT DD NR 33 

Rinodina oleae LC LC 

Rinodina oxydata LC LC NS 

Rinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT NT NR 33 

Rinodina roboris var. roboris LC LC IR 

Rinodina sicula LC LC NS 29 

Rinodina sophodes LC LC 

Rinodina teichophila LC LC 

Roccella fuciformis NT NT NS N 

Roccella phycopsis NT NT NS N 

Romjularia lurida LC LC 

Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris VU D2 LC NR S 

Ropalospora viridis LC LC NS 

Sarcogyne clavus DD NT NS 

Sarcogyne privigna LC LC NS 

Sarcogyne regularis LC LC 

Sarcopyrenia gibba var. geisleri [?LF] LC LC 

Sarcosagium campestre var. campestre LC LC NS 

Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT NE ? 41 

Schaereria cinereorufa LC LC 

Schaereria corticola CR D1 DD NR S 50 

Schaereria fuscocinerea var. fuscocinerea LC LC 

Schismatomma cretaceum VU D1 LC IR 

Schismatomma decolorans LC LC 

Schismatomma graphidioides VU D1 VU NS IR P* 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Schismatomma niveum VU D1 LC IR 

Schismatomma quercicola NT LC E 

Schismatomma umbrinum LC LC NS IR 21 

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum LC LC 

Scoliciosporum curvatum LC LC NS 43 

Scoliciosporum intrusum DD LC NR 

Scoliciosporum pruinosum LC LC 

Scoliciosporum umbrinum LC LC 

Solenopsora candicans LC LC 

Solenopsora holophaea LC LC NS 

Solenopsora vulturiensis LC LC 

Solorina saccata LC LC 

Solorina spongiosa NT LC NS 

Sphaerophorus fragilis LC LC 

Sphaerophorus globosus LC LC 

Spilonema paradoxum DD NT NR 

Sporastatia polyspora EN D NT NR 

Sporastatia testudinea EN D NT NR 

Squamarina cartilaginea var. cartilaginea LC LC 

Staurothele caesia LC LC NS 

Staurothele fissa LC LC 

Staurothele guestphalica DD DD NR 20 

Staurothele hymenogonia VU D2 LC NS 

Staurothele rufa EN D EN NR 100 

Staurothele rugulosa VU D2 NT NR 

Staurothele rupifraga LC LC NS 

Staurothele succedens LC LC NS 

Steinia geophana LC LC NS 34 

Stenocybe nitida DD LC NS S? 

Stenocybe pullatula [F] LC LC 

Stenocybe septata [F] LC LC IR 

Stereocaulon condensatum NT LC NS 27 

Stereocaulon dactylophyllum var. dactylophyllum LC LC 

Stereocaulon delisei VU B2a, biii NT NS IR 21 * 

Stereocaulon evolutum LC LC 

Stereocaulon glareosum VU B2a, biii NT NR S 50 

Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis NT LC NS 

Stereocaulon nanodes LC LC NS 

Stereocaulon pileatum LC LC 

Stereocaulon plicatile VU B2a, biii NT NR IR 

Stereocaulon symphycheilum VU D1 EN NR 25 P* 

Stereocaulon tornense VU D1 NT NS S 

Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. nodulosum LC LC NS 

Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. symphycheileoides DD NE NS 

Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum LC LC 

Sticta canariensis / dufourii VU LC IR 

Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. EN D VU NR IR P* 

Sticta fuliginosa VU LC IR 

Sticta limbata NT LC IR 

Sticta sylvatica NT LC IR 

Strangospora microhaema CR D NT NS IR S * 

Rarity 




57


58 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Strangospora moriformis LC LC NS 

Strangospora pinicola LC LC NS 

Strigula confusa DD DD NR 

Strigula jamesii VU D2 LC NS 

Strigula phaea VU D2 LC NS 

Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris VU D2 LC NS S 

Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR D EN NR 33 P* 

Strigula taylorii LC LC NS IR 

Strigula thelopsidoides CR D NT NR S 

Synalissa ramulosa VU D2 VU NR 30 P* 

Syncesia myrticola VU D2 NT NS IR N 

Teloschistes flavicans VU A1 VU NS N 23 P* S8 

Tephromela atra LC LC 

Tephromela grumosa LC LC 

Tephromela pertusarioides DD DD NR S 63 

Thamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VU D2 LC S 

Thelenella muscorum var. muscorum LC LC 

Thelenella muscorum var. octospora VU D2 NE NR 

Thelidium decipiens LC LC 

Thelidium fontigenum VU D2 LC NR 

Thelidium impressum VU D2 LC NS 20 

Thelidium incavatum LC LC 

Thelidium minutulum LC LC 

Thelidium papulare f. papulare LC LC 

Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum VU D2 LC NR S 

Thelidium pluvium NT LC NS S 32 

Thelidium pyrenophorum LC LC NS 

Thelidium zwackhii LC LC NS 

Thelocarpon epibolum var. epibolum LC LC NS 

Thelocarpon impressellum LC NE NS S 50 

Thelocarpon intermediellum RE LC NR 

Thelocarpon laureri LC LC NS 

Thelocarpon magnussonii NT DD NR E 

Thelocarpon olivaceum DD NE NR ? ? 

Thelocarpon opertum DD NT NR E 33 

Thelocarpon pallidum DD DD NR 29 

Thelocarpon robustum DD LC NR 50 

Thelocarpon saxicola DD LC NR 100 

Thelocarpon superellum DD LC NR 33 

Thelopsis melathelia VU D2 NT NR S 

Thelopsis rubella NT LC 

Thelotrema lepadinum NT LC 

Thermutis velutina VU D2 NT NR 20 

Thrombium epigaeum LC LC NS 41 

Tomasellia diffusa [F] RE? LC NR S 

Tomasellia gelatinosa [F] LC LC 

Toninia aromatica LC LC 

Toninia diffracta DD DD NR 

Toninia fusispora VU D2 LC NR S 

Toninia mesoidea LC LC NS 

Toninia sedifolia LC LC P* 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Toninia thiopsora LC LC NS 44 

Toninia verrucarioides LC LC NS 

Trapelia coarctata LC LC 

Trapelia corticola LC LC 

Trapelia glebulosa LC LC 

Trapelia obtegens LC LC 

Trapelia placodioides LC LC 

Trapeliopsis aeneofusca DD DD NR 100 

Trapeliopsis flexuosa LC LC 

Trapeliopsis gelatinosa LC LC 

Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea LC LC NS 

Trapeliopsis granulosa LC LC 

Trapeliopsis percrenata DD LC NS 

Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa LC LC 

Trapeliopsis wallrothii LC LC 

Tremolecia atrata LC LC 

Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla NT LC 

Tylothallia biformigera LC LC 

Umbilicaria cylindrica LC LC 

Umbilicaria deusta LC LC NS 

Umbilicaria hirsuta NT NT NR S 40 

Umbilicaria polyphylla LC LC 

Umbilicaria polyrrhiza LC LC 

Umbilicaria proboscidea NT LC S 

Umbilicaria torrefacta LC LC 

Usnea articulata VU A1 NT IR P* 

Usnea ceratina LC LC 

Usnea cornuta LC LC 

Usnea esperantiana DD NT NR IR 

Usnea filipendula LC LC 

Usnea flammea LC LC 

Usnea flavocardia DD DD NR 

Usnea florida LC NT * 

Usnea fragilescens var. mollis LC LC 

Usnea glabrata DD DD NR IR 33 

Usnea glabrescens LC LC NS 

Usnea hirta LC LC 

Usnea rubicunda LC LC 

Usnea subfloridana LC LC 

Usnea wasmuthii LC LC NS 

Vahliella atlantica DD DD NR 

Vahliella leucophaea NT LC 

Verrucaria aethiobola LC LC 

Verrucaria amphibia LC LC NS 

Verrucaria anziana LC NE NS 

Verrucaria aquatilis LC LC 

Verrucaria baldensis LC LC 

Verrucaria bryoctona LC LC NS 40 

Verrucaria bulgarica LC LC NR 67 

Verrucaria caerulea LC LC 

Verrucaria calciseda LC LC NR 30 

Rarity 




59


60 

Taxon 



Criteria 



Verrucaria cinereoatrata DD NE NS 

Verrucaria denudata LC LC 

Verrucaria ditmarsica LC LC NS 

Verrucaria dolosa LC LC 

Verrucaria dufourii LC LC NS 

Verrucaria elaeina LC LC NS 

Verrucaria funckii LC LC NS 

Verrucaria fuscella LC LC 

Verrucaria fusconigrescens LC LC 

Verrucaria halizoa LC LC NS 

Verrucaria hochstetteri LC LC 

Verrucaria internigrescens LC LC NS 43 

Verrucaria latebrosa LC LC NR 

Verrucaria latericola DD DD NR 40 

Verrucaria macrostoma LC LC 

Verrucaria macrostoma f. furfuracea LC LC 

Verrucaria madida DD DD NR 50 

Verrucaria margacea LC LC 

Verrucaria maura LC LC 

Verrucaria mucosa LC LC 

Verrucaria muralis LC LC 

Verrucaria murina LC LC NS 

Verrucaria nigrescens LC LC 

Verrucaria pachyderma DD DD NR S 82 

Verrucaria pinguicula LC LC NS 

Verrucaria polysticta LC LC NS 

Verrucaria praetermissa LC LC 

Verrucaria prominula LC LC NS 

Verrucaria rheitrophila LC LC NS 

Verrucaria rosula Orange ad int. LC NE NR? 

Verrucaria sandstedei DD DD NR 

Verrucaria scabra LC LC NR? 

Verrucaria simplex LC LC NS 

Verrucaria striatula LC LC 

Verrucaria viridula LC LC 

Vestergrenopsis elaeina CR B1a VU NR S 

Vezdaea acicularis NT LC NS S 71 

Vezdaea aestivalis LC LC 

Vezdaea cobria LC LC NR 80 

Vezdaea leprosa LC LC 

Vezdaea retigera LC LC NS 

Vezdaea rheocarpa LC LC NS 65 

Wadeana dendrographa VU D2 NT NS IR P* 

Wadeana minuta DD NT NS IR 

Xanthoparmelia conspersa LC LC 

Xanthoparmelia delisei LC LC NS 

Xanthoparmelia loxodes LC LC 

Xanthoparmelia mougeotii LC LC 

Xanthoparmelia pulla LC LC 

Xanthoparmelia tinctina EN B1a VU NR 25 

Xanthoparmelia verruculifera LC LC 

Rarity 



Schedule 8 species

Taxon 



Criteria 




Xanthoria aureola LC LC 

Xanthoria calcicola LC LC 

Xanthoria candelaria LC LC 

Xanthoria elegans LC LC 

Xanthoria parietina LC LC 

Xanthoria polycarpa LC LC 

Xerotrema quercicola LC LC ?E 40 

Xylographa parallela VU D2 LC S 

Xylographa vitiligo LC LC 

Rarity 




61


62 

9. Acknowledgements 

Compilation of this Red Data List would have been impossible without the help, advice 

and support of members of the British Lichen Society, in particular Steve Chambers, Alan 

Orange, Mark Seaward and Brian Coppins. I am also grateful for technical help from the 

staff of the Countryside Council for Wales

10. References 

Church, J.M., Coppins, B.J., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) [‘1996’] 

Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: Lichens. Volume 1: Britain. Peterborough: 

Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 

Coppins, B.J. (2002a) Checklist of Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British 

Lichen Society. 

Dines, T. (2008). A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales. Plantlife, Salisbury. 

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria. Version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 

Palmer, M.A., Hodgetts, N.G., Wigginton, M.J., Ing, B. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) The application 

to the British Flora of the World Conservation Union’s revised Red List criteria and the 

significance of Red Lists for species conservation. Biological Conservation 82: 219–226. 

Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. & Moore, D.M. (1992) Lichen Flora 

of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publications. 

Smith, C.W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B.J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. and Wolsley, 

P.A. (2009). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, London. 

Woods, R.G. & Coppins, B.J. (2003). A Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens. British 

Lichen Society, London. 


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64 

Appendix 1 

The Lobarion and mine site communities 

Arising from Section 42 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, 

the Welsh Assembly Government has approved a list of species and habitats in Wales the 

conservation of which it considers to be of principal importance. Contained within the 

list of species of lichens are two lichen-rich communities viz the “Lobarion” and “mine 

site community”. 

Lobarion 

The following provides some guidance on the identification of the Lobarion. ( For fuller 

details see James, P.W., Hawksworth, D.L. & Rose, F. (1977). Lichen Communities in the 

British Isles pgs 322-327 in Lichen Ecology, Seaward, MRD (Ed.), Academic Press, London). 

When well-developed this is a spectacular community that can include some of the 

largest foliose lichens. Unfortunately most of its constituent species are highly sensitive 

to sulphur dioxide, acid rain and excessive ammonia levels and many examples of the 

Lobarion in Wales are now species poor. 

The Lobarion is likely to be present on a tree or shrub or any rock face that supports the 

following:- 

Any species of the genus 

Degelia Parmeliella (except P. parvula-see below) 

Fuscopannaria Pannaria 

Lobaria Pseudocyphellaria 

Nephroma Sticta 

Any of the following species 

Agonimia octospora Pachyphiale carneola 

Collema fasciculare* Parmotrema crinitum 

Collema furfuraceum Peltigera collina 

Gyalecta flotowii* Phyllopsora rosei 

Gomphillus calycioides* Porina coralloidea 

Leptogium burgessii Porina hibernica* 

Leptogium brebissonii* Punctelia reddenda 

Leptogium cochleatum* Thelopsis rubella 

(* = species individually listed on Section 42 of the Natural Environment and 

Communities Act (2006) as being of principal importance in Wales) 

Any three of the following species 

Acrocordia gemmata Mycobilimbia pilularis 

Arthonia vinosa Normandina pulchella 

Catinaria atropurpurea Opegrapha sorediifera 

Dimerella lutea Parmeliella parvula 

Leptogium lichenoides Peltigera horizontalis 

Leptogium teretiusculum Pertusaria hemisphaerica 

Thelotrema lepadinum

Metallophytes 

Once Wales probably supported a significant assemblage of lichens associated with 

natural outcrops of heavy metal-rich rock. Due to the destruction of these outcrops by 

our mining activities the survival of metallophyte lichens is now almost entirely 

dependent on the conservation of old metal mine sites. 

Two special types of lichen are almost completely confined to these sites in Wales:- 

1. Those lichens that appear to in some way require heavy metals and only occur on 

heavy metal-rich substrates-the obligate metallophytes. 

2. Those lichens that tolerate heavy metals but elsewhere can be found in sites without 

such metals. Most of these species are probably poor competitors but can survive 

extreme conditions. In Wales they are mostly confined to metal-rich sites but elsewhere 

occur, for example, on exposed peat on the summit ridges of high mountains-the 

facultative metallophytes. 

The following species fall into one or other of these categories in Wales and any threatened 

site supporting more than 3 of these species should be subject to a detailed assessment. 

Acarospora sinopica Rhizocarpon cinereovirens 

Baeomyces placophyllus R. furfurosum 

Belonia incarnata R. oederi 

Epilichen scabrosa Sarcosagium campestre 

Gyalidea subscutellaris Steinia geophana 

Gyalideopsis crenulata Stereocaulon condensatum 

Lecanora epanora S. dactylophyllum 

L. gisleriana S. delisei* 

L. handelii S. glareosum 

L. subaurea S. leucophaeopsis 

Placopsis lambii S. nanodes 

Placynthiella hyporhoda S. pileatum 

Polyblastia agraria S. symphycheilium* 

Psilolechia leprosa Vezdaea spp. 

(* = species individually listed on Section 42 of the Natural Environment and 

Communities Act (2006) as being of principal importance in Wales) 


65


66


67


68

Featured species 

These two species have been selected to illustrate the 

value of producing a Lichen Red List for Wales. 

Pitted Lungwort (Lobaria scrobiculata) 

Least Concern in Great Britain but Critically 

Endangered in Wales 

This large and distinctive foliose lichen of tree trunks and 

branches was once probably widespread in Wales. 

Sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution and other 

atmospheric pollutants it is the least abundant of the 

four lungwort species. It is now confined to a scatter of 

ancient trees and the trunks and branches of a very few 

younger trees in ravine sites in northwest Wales where it 

is sheltered from major sources of atmospheric 

pollutants. There have been no reports of fertile material 

recently and all known populations, if they are currently 

reproducing, must do so vegetatively. 

a significant contraction in its range has recently 

occurred with the loss of populations in 

Montgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire and mid Cardiganshire. 

Ciliate Strap-lichen (Heterodermia leucomela) 

Endangered in Great Britain but Vulnerable in Wales 

a lichen widespread in the tropics, it reaches the 

northernmost edge of its world range on anglesey. In 

Wales it is found scrambling amongst the low growth of 

wind-pruned vegetation on almost frost-free sea cliffs, 

whilst in the tropics it grows on twigs in the forest 

canopy. It has recently been discovered in two new sites 

in Pembrokeshire to add to its former known range of 

Bardsey, The Lleyn and anglesey. all its known sites are 

sympathetically managed. 

Cover image 

Tree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria) 

all images © Ray Woods 

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Welsh Lichen Red List - Lichens of Wales

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