New Species of Vanuatu Palms - International Palm Society

9931 

DOWE: NEW VANUATU PALMS 

Principes, 37(4), I993, pp. 203-2ll 

New Species of Vanuatu Palms 

JoHN L. Dowr 

The Palmetum, P.O. Box 1268, Tounsaille, Queensland 481O, Australia 

Assrnecr 

Three new species, Licuala cabalionii, Calamus 

aanuatuensis and Cyphosperma aoutmelense, are 

described from Vanuatu as a precursor to a revision 

of the palm flora. 

Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) 

is an archipelago of about 80 small to 

moderate-sized volcanic and coral-based 

islands orientated linearly north-west to 

south-east between l3oS and 22oS and 

l65oE and 170"E in the southwest Pacific 

Ocean. The closest neighboring land mass 

(I6,L92 sq km) is la Grande Terre of New 

Caledonia, which is about 500 km to the 

southwest. The scattered southern islands 

of the Solomon Islands, of which San Cristobal 

is the largest at 4,200 sq km, are 

about 600 km to the north while the Fiji 

Islands lie some 1,200 km to the east. 

Espiritu Santo, at 4,100 sq km, is the 

largest island in Vanuatu. 

Geologically much of Vanuatu is of 

recent (Eocene and younger) age when 

compared with nearby terrains; both New 

Caledonia and Fiji retain evidence of continental 

(Cretaceous) formation dating from 

the break-up of the continent of Gondwana. 

There are six active volcanoes and 

many semi-active areas within the Vanuatu 

archipelago. Island-building is presently 

taking place because of uplift wrought by 

the convergence of tectonic plates. 

The flora of Vanuatu, in essence an 

extension of the floras of Malesia and New 

Guinea, is not as well known as those of 

some nearby island groups (e.g., Fiji and 

New Caledonia), as many of the remote 

and outlying islands (most of which harbor 

complex forests) have yet to be thoroughly 

botanized. P. S. Green (I979), while writing 

on the findings of the I97l Royal 

Society Expedition to Vanuatu, noted an 

unexpectedly large number of plant species 

which were recorded for the first time 

in Vanuatu, particularly species from the 

Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and Fiji. 

Of those regional affinities which have been 

ascertained, that with the Fiji Islands (even 

though they are considerably farther away 

than either New Caledonia or the southern 

Solomon Islands) is the most obvious 

(Schmid 1966). 

The affinity of the palm flora displays 

the same trends as does the flora in general 

(i.e., in a broad sense an extension of the 

Malesian and New Guinea floras and in a 

regional perspective having a close relationship 

with that of the Fiji Islands) 

(Schmid 1966, Chew Wee-Lek 1984, 

Dowe l99I), although in the northern 

islands, such as the Torres and Banks 

Croups, a shared distribution andlor close 

relationship with palm species from the 

southern Solomon Islands exists (the Santa 

Cruz Group of the Solomon Islands is geologically 

similar to the northern islands of 

Vanuatu). An appraisal of the relationship 

between the Vanuatu and Fijian palm floras 

(Dowe l99l) recognizes that, despite 

there being only one shared species (i.e., 

Cocos nucifera), rhe number of shared 

genera is relatively high, being in the order 

of seven of a total o{ fifteen. This is significant 

when it is considered that many 

palm genera which occur in the southwest 

Pacific are monotypic or have only a few 

species and that Fiji is a considerable distance 

away. Compare this to the number 

of palm genera shared with Vanuatu's clos-

PRINCIPES 

lVoL. 37 

I. Juvenile plant of Licuala cabalionii with the obvious symmetrical segmentation of the leaf. 

est neighbor, New Caledonia; only two genera 

(Cocos and Cyphosperma) of a combined 

total of 25 genera occur in both 

areas. Whether Vanualu was or is in a 

favored position to receive propagules from 

Fiji (i.e., abutting prevailing ocean currents, 

in the paths of migrational birds, 

etc.) has yet to be investigated, although 

the uniformity of the strand vegetation of 

the region is evidence of ocean currents 

being a major influence on the distribution 

of plants in the southwestern Pacific (Gunn 

and Dennis 1976, Merrill l98l). Of the 

eight genera which are not shared, four 

are monotypic, three of which are endemic 

to Fiji. 

A list of the recognized Vanuatu palm 

species, including the three new species 

described here, is as follows: ** denotes 

susoected or known to be introduced/naturalized 

taxa: f denotes endemic taxa: f 

denotes indigenous taxa which also occur 

elsewhere. 

Licuala cabalionii Dowef 

L. grandis H. Wendl. ex Linden$ 

Pritchardia pacif.ca Seem. & H. 

Wendl.xx 

Metroxylon uarburgii (Heim) Becc.$ 

M. salomonense (Warb.) Becc.** 

Calamus uanuatuensis Dowef 

Cctryota albertii F. Muell. ex H. Wendl. 

& Drude*x 

Veitchia arecina Becc.f 

V. macdanielsii H. E. Mooret 

V. rnetiti Becc.f 

V. montgomeryana H. E. Mooref 

V. spiralis H. Wendl.t 

V. winin H. E. Mooret 

Gulub ia cylind r o c ar pa Becc.$ 

Pelagodoxa henryana Becc.* x 

Clino s ti gma har landii Becc.f 

Carpoxylon m,&crospermum H. Wendl. & 

Drudef 

Physokentia tete (Becc.) Becc.t 

Cy pho s p erma u outrnelense Dowet 

Cocos nucifera L.$

lee3l 


New Species 

Licuala cabalionii Dowe, sp. nov. I. 

grandi H. Wendl. ex Linden proxissima 

a qua lamina foliorum segmentata, caulibus 

tenuioribus altioribusque, fructibus 

maturis aurantiacis non carmesinis, et 

endocarpio parce costato differt. TYPUS: 

Vanuatu. Malekula: Done 048, 5 Sept. 

l99l (holotypus BRI). Figures l-3. 

Stem solitary, erect to slightly reclining, 

to 5 m tall, to 8 cm diam., portion below 

leaves retaining decaying leaf-bases, proximal 

portion smooth, light brown,/gray. 

Leaves to 12 in a loose crown; petiole very 

long and thin, to 3 m long to I cm wide 

in distal portion, irregular marginal spines 

only at the base; leaf-blade segmented; segments 

to 12, symmetrically arranged, central 

segment twice or more times broader 

than lateral segments which become progressively 

narrower toward the leaf margins, 

all segments slightly pendulous. Inflorescence 

interfoliar, pendulous, to 1.8 m 

long, five once-branched branches; bracts 

subtending primary and seiondary 

branches tubular, remaining green during 

fruit development and maturit;'. Flowers 

pedicellate, single, spirally arranged, sepals 

fused to one-third their length, apex 

rounded, to 12 mm long, petals fused 

badally, apex valvate, pointed to 4 mm 

Iong. Fruit yellow,/orange when ripe, globose, 

to l0 mm diam.; endocarp brittle 

with few longitudinal ridges. Seed to 6 mm 

diam., testa intruding into endosperm below 

the raphe. Eophyll plicate, Ieaf dividing 

early. 

Distribution. Vanuatu, on the islands 

of Vanua Lava (in littoral forest at sealevel 

on volcanic soils) and Malekula (in 

rainforest to 250 m above sea level on 

volcanic soils). Endemic. 

Specimens Examined. VANUATU. 

"Amethyst 

SOUTH MALEKULA: 

Camp," 

250 m in rainforest on volcanic soil, 5 

Sept. 1991, Dowe 048 (holotype BRI). 

Typif.cation. Although this taxon had 

been recognized, by the author to be dis- 

2. Licuala cabalionji in rainforest at altitude of 

about 200 m at Amethyst Camp, southern Malekula. 

tinct in 1988, no suitable sample for typification 

was available until that collected 

on 5 September l99I (Doue 048,BRI). 

This collection consists of two leaves (one 

with petiole) and a complete infructescence 

with immature fruit. Mature fruit has been 

seen by the author in the field but no 

sample of it has been preserved. 

Deriuation of Nant.e. Licuala cabalionii 

is named for Pierre Cabalion (born 

1947 ), French ethnopharmacologist whose 

work in Vanuatu has been an important 

contribution to the Flora of Vanuatu Project. 

Licuala comprises about I I0 species 

distributed from northeast India, through 

southern China, Philippines and southeast

PRINCIPES 

[Vor. 37 

3. Prolific production of seedlings below the "parent" plants is characteristic oI Licuala cabalionii. 

Asia to New Guinea, northern Australia, 

Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The genus 

has developed its greatest diversity in Malay 

Peninsula and Borneo (about 50 species) 

and New Guinea (about 36 species)' Iicuala, 

was not recognized as occurring in 

Vanuatu until I970, when I. grand'is was 

collected from southern Espiritu Santo 

(Whitmore 1973). Erroneously this species 

had been documented in numerous 

publications as originating from New Britain, 

an island to the east of New Guinea, 

an error most probably originating from 

its initial description from a horticultural 

source. 

Licuala cabalionii is distinguished from 

the closest occurring species, L. grandis 

H. Wendl. ex Linden (distributed throughout 

much of Vanuatu as well as the Santa 

Cruz Group and San Cristobal Island of 

the Solomon Islands) by its divided leafblade, 

less spiny petiole, shorter floral pedicel 

and sparingly as opposed to multi 

ribbed endocarp. L. lauterbachii Darnmer 

& K. Schum. (Solomon Islands and New 

Guinea) differs in having a short and erect 

inflorescence, red fruit' and irregularly 

divided leaf-blade. 

The known populations of L. cabalionii 

do not occur close to populations of Z. 

grandis although they occupy similar habitats. 

The former occurs in very dense 

colonies (almost monospecific) in primary 

rainforest; the forest floor in the vicinity 

is thickly cover with seedlings and small 

plants. I. grandis is much less gregarious, 

with very few seedlings being observed and 

individuals being relatively widely spaced. 

L. grandis is more commonly found in 

disturbed or secondary forest. No traditional 

uses or vernacular names have been 

recorded for L. cabaLionii. 

Licuala cabalionii has appeared as the 

manuscript names "Licuala sp. Vanua 

Lava" (Dowe 1989a) and "Licuala sP." 

(Dowe 1989b). 

Calamus vanuatuensis Dowe, sp. 

nov. C. aitiensi Warb. ex Becc. et C.

I 

r9931 


4. Calamus uanuatuensis is a cirrate climber, seen here in the low altitude forest of central EsPiritu 

Santo. 5. Leaflets of Calamus Danuatuensis are characteristically broad and chartaceous in appearance. 

hollrungii Becc. affinis; a C. uitiense spinis 

in pectine non nisi in juvenalibus, ligula in 

pagina abaxiali petioli fructibus maturis 

cremeis majoribusque distinguitur; a C. 

hollrungii foliolisque non spinescentibus, 

et fructibus multo majoribus distinguitur. 

TYPUS: Vanuatu. Erromango: Chew Wee- 

Leh(RSNII) 118(1& 2),3 August l97l 

(holotypus PVV; isotypus K). Figures 4-7. 

High climbing solitary-stemmed rattan. 

Stem without sheath bright green, glossy, 

10-50 mm diam., narrowing above the 

nodes. Sheaths dull green to coppery/ 

brown, densely spiny particularly toward 

the knee and petiole; spines green to yel- 

Iowish green, Iight brown to almost black, 

to 4 cm long, irregularly spaced, robust 

and infrequently in combs in juvenile plants; 

knee prominent, spineless, but spines 

densely aggregated near its margins. Leaf 

cirrate, to 4 m long; cirrus thick, to 2 m 

long, bi- to five-clawed on all surfaces; 

petiole 7-30 cm long, with spines on margins 

and adaxial surface; ligule prominent 

on adaxial surface of petiole base; rachis 

spineless in median portion, but with clawed 

spines developing on abaxial surface of 

distal portion; leaflets regularly arranged, 

well spaced, coriaceous, dark green on both 

surfaces, 45 x 12 cm, four- to seYenveined, 

apex acute, spinelesso terminal pair 

in non-cirrate juvenile leaf united basally. 

Inflorescence to 2 m long, non-flagellate, 

pendulouso with about six branches; staminate 

inflorescence smaller than pistillate 

inflorescence; bracts persistent, green, basal 

portion narrow, apical portion funnelshaped, 

truncate, with marginal spines, 

rachillae to I2 cm long, curved, alternate 

and distichous, about 24 per branch. Flow-

208 PRINCIPES lvor. 37 

6. The petiole and upper leaf-sheath ol Calamus oanuatuensis. Note the spineless knee which is characteristic 

of the species. 7. Infructescence of Calamus uanuatuensis. 

ers pedicellate; staminate flowers closely 

spaced, subtended by prominent funnelshaped, 

truncate bracts; pistillate flowers 

8- l2 per each side of rachillae, to I 5 mm 

Iong, staminodes prominent. Fruit sub-globose 

to 20 mm long, stigmatic remains 

prominent, white or cream suffused at 

maturity, scales arranged in seven rows. 

Seed pebbled, basally depressed, raphe 

prominent. Eophyll bifid. 

Distribution. VanuaLu, occurring on 

most islands between Erromango and 

Vanua Lava in moist forests from sea-level 

to an altitude ofover 1,000 m on a variety 

of soil types but most commonly in forest 

on basalt at 200-300 m. Endemic. 

Specimens Examined. VANUATU. 

ERROMANCO: Nouankao River, agathis 

forest at 150 m, Cheu; Week-Lek (RSNII) 

118 (1 & 2), 3 August l97I (holotype 

PVV; isotype K); Southeast, in kauri forest 

200-300 m, Schmid.3272,12 May 1970 

(NOU); River 5 km southwest of lpota, 

Cabalion 3028, l6 November I985 

(PVV). EFATE: Loukpat, near Tagabe, 

dense forest about 200 rn, Green (RS1VI4 

1076 (1-4), 11 July l97l (PVV); South, 

Rentabao River in secondary forest on redbrown 

soils at sea-level, Schrnid 327 I (2 

sheets) 29 April I970 (NOU); Mt. Bernier 

at 470 m, Seoule 38, 12 August I98I 

(PVV). PENTECOST: valley to the south 

of Melsisi, Cabalion 1153,3 October 1980 

(NOU). BANKS GROUP: Vienne s.n., 

1972 (NOU). MOTA LAVA: 300 m, 

Bourret 216,May 1978 (NOU). 

Typif,cation. The earliest known collection 

of this taxon is that by D. Levat, 

I883, conserved at Montpellier University 

(MPU), France. The next recorded collections 

were those made in the 1970's by 

botanists from ORSTOM, based in Noumea, 

New Caledonia and collectors involved 

in the 197 I Royal Society and Percy

9931 DOWE: NEW VANUATU PA,LMS 209 

Sladen Expedition, New Hebrides. It is from 

this expedition that the type specimen has 

been chosen: Chew Wee-Lek I I B, 3 August 

1971, consisting of two parts; (1) a basal 

leaf section (including petiole), a packet of 

oistillate flowers and a section of infruci"r"".r"" 

with fruit and (2) a mid leaf seclion 

and a section of infructescence with 

fruit; this is the most complete and representative 

collection seen by the author; 

it is preserved at PVV with a duplicate at 

K. The only collection to contain staminate 

flowers is Schmid 3271, 29 April 1970, 

preserved at NOU. 

Deriuation of lYame. Calarnus uanuatuensis 

is named for Vanuatu, the type 

locality. 

Discussion. This species has a relatively 

widespread occurrence and is variable. 

Samples collecied from higher altitudes and 

from the northern parts of its range display 

a smaller overall size. It appears most 

closely related to C. uitiensis Warb. ex 

Becc., an endemic Fijian species and C. 

hollrungii Becc. from northeast Queensland, 

New Guinea and the Solomons. C. 

uitiensis has basally aggregated and 

obliquely arranged spines, a shorter and 

more robust pistillate inflorescence, smaller 

fruits which are whitish at maturity, and 

lacks the often prominent ligule on the 

adaxial surface at the base of the petiole. 

C. hollrungii has leaflets aggregated into 

groups (2-5) and which have marginal and 

and a leafsheath with a spinous 

I'}":lt"* 

Distinguishing Features of 

Three Calamus Species 

C. uanuatuensis C. uitiensis C. hollrungii 

leaflets evenly leaflets evenly leaflets 

arranged 

arranged 

:::"r""Ji] 

leaflets unarmed t"ir1"",;.-"U leaflets armed 

sheath spines not sheath spines sheath spines 

in combs in combs not in combs 

knee unarmed knee unarmed knee armed 

inflorescencelong inflorescence 

short 

inflorescence 

long 

fruit 2 cm long fruit 1.5 cm fruit I cm long 

rong 

fruit cream fruit white fruit white 

Calamus L. is the largest genus in the 

Palmae with about 380 species distributed 

in tropical Africa (one species), eastern and 

southern India through Burma, southern 

China, Philippines, south-east Asia, Malesia, 

New Guinea, Solomons, northern and 

eastern Australia, Fiji and Vanuatu. The 

greatest concentration of species occurs in 

Malesia. The few species occurring in the 

Solomons, Fiji, Vanuatu and eastern Australia 

represent outliers; apart from the 

three species noted above, other outlying 

species in Australasia/western Pacific 

appear not to be closely related. 

Calamus uanuatuensis has appeared as 

manuscript names as follows: 

Calamus sp. 'Efate' (Guillaumin l94B) 

Calamus (Schmid 1965) 

Calamus (Moore 1966) 

Calamus (Schmid 1973a) 

Calamus sp.'Erromango Sud-Est' (Schmid 

1973b) 

Calamus sp. 'Vat6-Sud' (Schmid 1973b) 

Calarnus sp. (Schmid 1974a) 

Calamus sp. (Schmid 1974b) 

Calamus sp. (Hodel 1982) 

C. sp. aff. uitiensis (Dowe 1989a) 

Calamus sp. (Cabalion 1989) 

Calamus sp. (Dowe l99l) 

Cyphosperma voutmelense Dowe, 

sp. nov. C. balansae (Brongn.) H. Wendl. 

ex Salomon proximissa a qua statura aliquantum 

minore, inflorescentia dimidio 

breviore squamis persistentibus obtecta, 

bracteis subtendentibus ramos inflorescentiae 

humilibus rotundatisque, et fructibus 

multo minoribus distinguitur. TYPUS: 

Vanuatu. Espiritu Sanro: Morat 6488, 

August 1979 (holotypus NOU; isotypus 

BH). 

Stems solitary, to 6 m tall, markedly 

cylindrical, leaf-scars closely spaced. Leaf

210 PRINCIPES [VoL. 37 

to 1.5 m long; leaf-base smooth, not forming 

a crownshaft; petiole narrowing 

abruptly, deeply channelled adaxially, 

rounded abaxially; leaflets widely spaced 

on rachis, to 5 cm apart, falcate, acuminate, 

to 45 x 3 cm, mid-rib prominent; 

two pronounced lateral ribs, equidistant 

from mid-rib and leaf margin; mid-rib with 

brown scales below, only at the base. Inflorescences 

interfoliar, arching to pendulous, 

to 92 cm long; prophyll to 30 cm 

long, open abaxially and not fully encircling 

peduncle at attachment; peduncular 

bract, attached 2-2.5 cm above prophyllar 

attachment, to 55 cm long, becoming 

fibrous with age; rameal bract to 4 cm 

long, pointed, attached 12 cm above 

peduncular attachment; all bracts persistent; 

peduncle to 35 cm long, to l0 mm 

wide, adaxially flat, abaxially rounded, 

covered with persistent brown scales; 

rachillae, about 13 per inflorescence, to 

25 cm long, angled, covered with persistent 

brown scales, rachillae becoming closer 

spaced toward inflorescence apex; inflorescence 

branches subtended by low 

rounded bracts. Flowers spirally arranged, 

triads in the basal one-quarter to one-third, 

paired or solitary staminate flowers distally; 

staminate flowers symmetrical, larger 

than pistillate flowers, sepals imbricate to 

I mm long, petals valvate to 3 mm long, 

stamens 6; pistillate flowers to 2 mm high 

and wide, sepals imbricate with smooth 

margins; bracteoles large. Fruit sub-globose 

[0 x 8 mm, red at maturity, stigmatic 

remains subapical; endocarp ridged 

and furrowed. Seed 6 x 4 crr', in shape 

similar to endocarp. 

Distribution. Vanuatu, on Espiritu Santo 

where it is known from a small population 

on the Cumberland Peninsula on a ridge 

below Voutm6l6 Peak (1,535 m) in moist 

forest on volcanic soils at 900-1,100 m. 

Endemic. 

Specimens Exam.ined. VANUATU. 

ESPIRITU SANTO: Cumberland Peninsula, 

ridge below Voutm6l6 Peak in forest 

on volcanic soils at 1,000 m, Morat 6488 

(5 sheets), 3 August 1979 (holotype NOU; 

isotype BH). 

Typifcation. The only collection of this 

taxon is Morat 6488, 3 August 1979, 

preserved at NOU and BH. The sample 

at NOU consists of five sheets of which 

three comprise a complete leaf, the 

remaining two are complete inflorescences 

both with staminate and pistillate flowers. 

Fruit and a section of inflorescence are 

oreserved at BH. 

Deriuation of Name. Cyphosperrna 

uoutmelense is named for Voutm6l6 (also 

spelt Vutm6l6 and Vutim6l6), a peak above 

the ridge from where the type specimen 

was collected. 

Discussion. Cyphosperma aoutmelen' 

se is most closely related to C. balansae 

from New Caledonia, from which it differs 

by its much smaller inflorescence, brown, 

scaly inflorescence branches, rounded and 

not prominent inflorescence branch bracts 

and smaller fruit. The two Fijian species 

are more distinct: C. tanga H. E. Moore 

has undivided or only apically divided leaves 

and a sparsely branched inflorescence while 

C. trichospadir (Burret) H. E. Moore has 

a distinct crownshaft, an infrafoliar inflorescence, 

and large fruit to 2 cm long. 

Cyphosperma uoutmelense has 

appeared in manuscripts under the following 

titles: 

Cyphospernta sp. oNew Hebrides' (Moore 

& uhr r9B4) 

Cyphospermasp.'Vanuatu' (Dowe I 989b) 

Cyphosperrna cf. balansae (Cabalion 

l9B9) 

Cyphospermo sp. (Dowe l99l)

ee3l DOWE: NEW VANUATU PALMS 2tl 

Key to Species of Cyphosperma 

l. Crownshaft developed; inflorescence infrafoliar 

Vanua Lava, Taveuni, Fiji .,. C. trichospadix 

l. Crownshaft undeveloped; inflorescence interfoliar 

2. Peduncle greater than I m long 

3. Leaf undivided except irregularly toward 

the apex fruit oblong,/ellipsoidal to 1.3 

cm long ....-... Vitu Levu, Fiji . . . C. tanga 

3. Leaf divided regularly throughout fruit 

globose to 1.2 cm diameter 

New Caledonia ... C. balansae 

2. Peduncle less than I m long 

Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu , . . C. uoutmelense 

Acknowledgments 

I must thank Dr. Pierre Cabalion of 

ORSTOM, Paris, for his encouragement, 

discussion and sustained interest in the 

Vanuatu Flora; Mr. Chanel Sam of 

ORSTOM, Port Vila, Vanuatu, for access 

to the Tagabe Herbarium (PVV) and other 

general assistance; Dr. Tanguy Jaffre of 

ORSTOM, Noumea, New Caledonia, for 

access to the Noumea Herbarium (NOU); 

Mr. John Crook of the Department of Forestry, 

Port Vila, Vanuatu; Dr. Les Pedley 

of the Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane, 

for assisting with the Latin diagnoses; Dr. 

Gordon Guymer of the Queensland Herbarium 

for general assistance and access 

to Herbarium (RBI); Dr. John Dransfield 

of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for critically 

reviewing the manuscript; members 

of the Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia 

for granting me use of the word 

processing equipment and funding for correspondence 

and stationary needs; and the 

Yves Rocher Foundation, Paris, France, 

for funding the field trip of September 

I 99r. 

LrrpRerunn Cmen 

CeseiloN, P. 1989. Vanuatu palms: their distri. 

bution and uses. 12.' J. L. Dowe (ed.). Palms of 

the south-west pacific. Publication Fund, Palm 

& Cycad Societies of Australia, Milton, pp. 176- 

I91. 

CHEwWEE-LEK. I984. Landflora. 1z;P. Stanbury 

and L. Bushell (eds.). South Pacific islands. The 

Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, pp. 

34-42. 

Dowr, J. L. 1989a. Palms of the south-west pacific: 

their origin, distribution and description. In; J. 

L. Dowe (ed.). Palms oI the south-west Pacific. 

Publication Fund, Palm and Cycad Societies of 

Australia, Milton, pp. l-155. 

1989b. The unexpected rediscovery of 

Carpoxylon macrospermutn. Principes 33(2): 

63-67. 

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geography of the New Hebrides, Lord Howe 

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4 I -53. 

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du mus6e colonial de Marseille ann6es 1947 et 

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world. Charles Tuttle & Co. Tokyo. 

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402. 

ScHurn, M. 1965. Espdces v6g6tales observ6es i 

Vat6 (ORSTOM, Noumea). 

1966. Note sur la v6g6tation de I'Ile de 

Vat6 (ORSTOM, Noumea). 

1973a. Espdces de v6g6taux sup6rieurs 

observes i Vat6 - Nouvelles-H6brides (ORSTOM. 

Noumea), 

1973b. Phan6rogam6s des Nouvelles- 

H6brides (ORSTOM, Noumea). 

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1974b. Florule de Pentec6te (ORSTOM, 

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University Press, Kuala Lumpur.

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