Fly Times Issue 48, April 2012 - North American Dipterists Society

FLY TIMES 

ISSUE 48, April, 2012 

Stephen D. Gaimari, editor 

Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch 

California Department of Food & Agriculture 

3294 Meadowview Road 

Sacramento, California 95832, USA 

Tel: (916) 262-1131 

FAX: (916) 262-1190 

Email: stephen.gaimari@cdfa.ca.gov 

Welcome to the latest issue of Fly Times! Sorry it's late of course - but May is better than June for an 

April newletter! Being in Vietnam for most of March didn't help! I thank everyone for sending in such 

interesting articles – I hope you all enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together! Please let 

me encourage all of you to consider contributing articles that may be of interest to the Diptera 

community. We all greatly appreciate your contributions! Fly Times offers a great forum to report on 

your research activities and to make requests for taxa being studied, as well as to report interesting 

observations about flies, to discuss new and improved methods, to advertise opportunities for dipterists, 

and to report on or announce meetings relevant to the community. This is also a great place to report on 

your interesting (and hopefully fruitful) collecting activities! 

The electronic version of the Fly Times continues to be hosted on the North American Dipterists Society 

website at http://www.nadsdiptera.org/News/FlyTimes/Flyhome.htm. The Diptera community would 

greatly appreciate your independent contributions to this newsletter. For this issue, I want to again thank 

all the contributors for sending me so many great articles! That said, we need even more reports on trips, 

collections, methods, updates, etc., with all the associated digital images you wish to provide. Feel free 

to share your opinions or provide ideas on how to improve the newsletter. 

The Directory of North American Dipterists is constantly being updated and is currently available at the 

above website. Please check your current entry and send all corrections to Jim O’Hara. There is a form 

for this on the last page of the newsletter. 

Issue No. 49 of the Fly Times will appear next October. If possible, please send your contributions by 

email to the editor at stephen.gaimari@cdfa.ca.gov. All contributors for the next Fly Times should aim 

for 10 October 2012 – don’t worry – I’ll send a reminder! And articles after 10 October are OK too! 

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2 

NEWS 

Comments from the Editor 

Stephen Gaimari 

Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 

3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, California 95832, USA; stephen.gaimari@cdfa.ca.gov 

Again I apologize for this issue being a couple of weeks late. Not my plan to make it a habit! In any case, 

it is for similar reasons as the last issue – Martin Hauser and I were collecting in Vietnam through the 

end of March (collecting was better in Borneo, but we got good stuff in Vietnam too!). I am of course 

very pleased with the terrific articles waiting for me, and submitted during April (and I even got a few 

stragglers in May). Again, I have a number of my fly photographs to present in the "Flies are Amazing" 

section, but I never intended for this to be a showcase of my own stuff! Using mine is just a default 

when I don't get any submissions! That said, I hope some of you will take the time to send me 

photographs for this section – I know we all like good photos of flies! Perhaps I'll start specifically 

soliciting some of you – so beware. In any case, I hope you all like the great array of articles, and I 

heartily thank those of you who submitted! Thanks for your patience, and I hope it was worth the wait! 

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Dome Light Update 

Eric M. Fisher 

El Dorado Hills, CA, USA; dasyllis@gmail.com 

(former Sr. Insect Biosystematist, CDFA; retired 2008) 

Simple and effective dome lights (using soft, whitish light reflected from inside hemispherical domes 

placed above LED ring lights) have proved popular with entomologists for use in digital photography 

(Kerr, et al 2008 – see http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ppd/entomology/dome.html; for original build 

information see http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ppd/entomology/Dome/kd-200.html). One type of dome 

light, using a high quality but relatively inexpensive LED ring light manufactured in China, has been 

found to be especially useful. This particular dome light is discussed here, and tips for construction and 

improving lighting performance are given. (Refer to the above citation for original build information; 

mainly new information is presented below.) 

Ring light: The one now recommended for dome light construction is the “144 LED Microscope 

Camera Ring Light (4 zone control 61mm max diam)” – distributed by Gain Express Holdings Ltd., of 

Hong Kong; the light control unit is labeled “YK-B144T”; see: 

http://www.gainexpress.com/product_info.phpproducts_id=361&osCsid=54bh5n07epbj5gd84phi2t0 

fr6. It is widely available on eBay, with a typical price of about $90 US (plus $18 shipping). Mail 

delivery from China is fairly quick and service from Gain Express has been dependable. (NOTE: we 

have no commercial arrangement with this company – other than as satisfied customers.) This particular 

ring light is favored because it offers: 1) high-quality construction; 2) large interior ‘arena’ of 61mm

(the central ring area – originally designed for insertion on cylindrical camera lenses or microscopes but 

used by us for an insect pinning stage); 3) 

low profile in build (especially helpful with 

the low working distances that some stereo 

microscopes have); 4) multiple electronic 

controls (full dimming capability and 4 

independent zones for lighting 36 LEDs 

each); 5) universal voltage and AC 

adaptability. This particular type of ring light 

is an improved version of the light discussed 

by us in 2008 (Gain Express “KD-200”) and, 

most importantly, it has the same external 

diameter, which means it uses the exact same 

Fig. 1: 144 LED ring light and controls type of dome as before. 

Dome: the original plastic dome is still recommended for use (“H 2 O on the GO Jr.” 1L/32 oz. size). 

This type of dome is designed to sit above the LEDs, utilizing 4 (or 6) machine screws, which rest on 

top of the plastic cover. I suggest using nylon screws if possible, as these will help to prevent any 

scratching of the plastic cover. It is not easy to keep these screws level, as you need to insert them 

through the rim of the dome, then add “5 min. epoxy” at the inside base of each screw. If they are not 

fixed level, with all of them in the same plane, the dome will always wobble a bit; not a serious problem 

but still irritating. The technique I recommend is the following: insert two opposite screws at the same 

time and glue them; quickly ‘fix’ (clip, etc.) them to a straight, flat, narrow object that is ca. 90mm (3 

½”) long, which will span the distance between screws, and allow them to set and dry in-line; repeat this 

with each pair of screws (allowing 10 – 20 minutes drying time for each pair). A narrow, straight tube 

(or several telescoping tubes together) is also a possible means of keeping the screws parallel. These 

plastic water bottles are still readily available at Wall Mart, also at Kmart, Target and other major retail 

stores, as well as on-line; the manufacturer is Arrow Plastic Mfg. Co., but this firm does not offer retail 

sales directly to the public. 

New dome type: another source of good dome material is available at Michaels craft stores during 

Christmas season. These are 100mm (4”) diameter, clear plastic spheres, designed to be painted or 

fixed-up as ornaments. When cut in half 

(into a hemisphere), they fit perfectly on the 

edge of the black metal rim of the 144 LED 

ring light – making a great dome cover that 

does not need screws for support. They can 

be spray painted just as with the original 

dome material. (The plastic seems to be very 

similar, and is easy to cut with scissors along 

the midline; note, however, that the ‘pole’ 

ends are much thicker, and you will need to 

drill, saw or ‘Dremel’ the hole for the 

‘oculus’.) I have not yet found a source for 

these plastic Christmas ornament spheres 

Fig. 2: Xmas sphere, and finished dome 

other than Michaels. 

3

4 

Oculus (photography hole): removing the neck of the bottle or ornament leaves a 25mm (1”) hole. I 

have found that a larger hole (ca. 35mm to 40mm) is better: this allows larger insects to be 

photographed, and provides additional space to position the camera lens directly above the specimen. 

There is a trade-off though: a large oculus produces less light dorsally (less light reflects downward 

from the dome interior). This can result in a darker dorsal surface of the specimen or – in the case of 

insects with shiny cuticles – a ‘black hole’ left on top of the specimen in the photo (which is a direct 

reflection of the oculus). This problem is best countered by using reflective discs. 

Reflective discs: I now strongly recommend the use of ca. 60mm diameter discs, which are then placed 

on top of the dome with a 35-40mm oculus (the fact that this flat part will disrupt the perfect hemisphere 

of the dome interior does not seem to be important for light distribution). These discs are spray-painted 

‘flat white’ on one side (same as the inside of the dome), with varying sizes of smaller oculus holes in 

the center – a different size for each disc. This allows you to select the correct-sized disc for a particular 

specimen, so the optimum amount of light can be reflected back onto the specimen (small specimen = 

small oculus). I suggest using the smallest oculus possible – one just large enough to eliminate 

vignetting in the corners of the image. A little trial and error will quickly demonstrate how effective 

proper oculus choice is: placing a 5mm fly beneath a 35mm oculus will give you less light (often 

insufficient) than a 5mm fly under a 5-10mm oculus. The greater amount of white reflective surface will 

produce more light (and lessen – but not completely eliminate – the black hole in a photo). Another 

advantage with using discs is that their smaller oculi have freedom to be placed directly over the 

specimen – using the larger dome oculus space beneath to advantage. 

I have tried various materials for making these discs: plastics of different thickness, cardboard, even 

thin metal. Anything that will hold flat white 

spray enamel is fine. I use a thin (

poly foam bottom in the photo.) A thick poly plastic (2mm X 60mm) disc is used for the bottom of the 

pinning arena, which holds the more flexible foam in position. This also serves as the base to which the 

pinning post is attached. 

Pinning post: this is made from poly foam glued to a rigid acrylic plastic back (the latter originally sold 

as a hook for hanging items). This sturdy acrylic item is 10mm wide, about 3mm thick, and has a flat, 

T-shaped base, good for attaching to the poly base; it is sold by Taps Plastic Company (many stores in 

the w. U.S., at least). The bent top of the acrylic hook is cut-off, as is one leg of the T at the bottom, 

leaving an L-shaped piece ca. 40mm tall. A 40mm X 10mm piece of poly foam is attached to the ‘inside’ 

(above the remaining part of the T base) of the acrylic post, using 5 min. epoxy. (The key to a good 

attachment with these plastics is to heavily scratch the surface of the acrylic before gluing the foam; the 

foam needs to be firmly pressed to the acrylic until dry.) The piece of foam is offset, so one end is 

located 10mm above the top of the acrylic. The bottom of the acrylic is drilled, then attached to the edge 

of the poly base with a ‘pop’ rivet (a small bolt and nut could be used instead). Fixing the post firmly to 

the base makes for a sturdy surface for horizontal pinned specimens. 

Gray color (or white) modeling clay is also good for pinning, and is often substituted for the foam. 

(Sometimes a piece of clay is essential for inserting pins upside-down for photography. The clay can be 

placed on a larger card or plastic disc – so it won’t mess-up the surface of the foam.) 

Diffuser: This is a new addition to my dome 

lights – designed to prevent direct 

illumination from the LEDs onto the 

specimen. When in place (it fits around the 

pinning arena, just inside the inner metal wall 

of the ring light), it allows only indirect light 

– reflected from the interior of the dome – to 

illuminate the object being photographed. (I 

have noticed that a thin, bright line of light 

may show along the bottom edge of some 

photos, which I believe is caused by this 

direct light; the diffuser eliminates this bright 

line.) The ring is made from a semi-opaque Fig. 4: Finished dome light and domes 

(‘natural’) poly bottle or jar; dimensions are 

60mm ~ 62mm diameter, 25mm height. It may also be made from a long strip of flexible natural 

(semi-opaque) poly or other material 25mm high, with the ends stapled together to form a ca. 62mm 

diameter ring. Experiment to achieve a proper balance – where bright, diffuse light is passed through 

but not direct light shine. 

Photography with the dome light. 

White balance of dome light: this seems quite good as is, rarely needing adjustment from auto setting 

of the camera. Color temperature of the LEDs is listed at 6400K; the actual color temp. of the light 

reflected from the flat white color of enamel paint inside the dome is probably warmer than this. 

Working distance: the interior height of the dome spans about 50mm (oculus level to top of foam at 

base), and the optimum illumination area seems to be at about 20mm to 30mm below the oculus. This 

means that a minimum working distance – for the proper focus between camera lens or microscope 

objective to the specimen inside the dome – is about 22mm; therefore, 25mm (1”) is the practical 

5

6 

minimum working distance for comfortable focusing on a specimen. This distance is an important 

figure to keep in mind when selecting lenses for photographic work when using a dome light. 

Stereoscopic microscopes: dome lights work well beneath stereo scopes, almost always providing 

superior light for photography than other kind of lighting (fiber optic lights, conventional ring lights, 

incandescent and halogen lights, etc.). A variety of camera types can be fitted to trinocular ports or to 

eyepieces, and these will produce good images. The compact size and light weight of these dome lights 

make them excellent choices for using when traveling to museums and collections – where they will 

provide you with very dependable lighting for photographing specimens. 

Photo stands: this is where dome 

lights really excel – on photo stands 

that are setup for image stacking – in 

order to produce extended depth of 

field images. With these setups, a 

microscope is unnecessary and the 

images are produced solely with 

digital cameras and lenses. With 

photo stacking, numerous images are 

needed (sometimes hundreds), and a 

dome light is perfect for providing 

continuous, stable lighting of the 

same exposure setting. Flash 

photography, for example, will 

occasionally produce improperly 

exposed images, and these need to be 

corrected immediately – in the proper 

sequence – or the final stacked image 

will have some off-color layers. Flash 

photography is also relatively 

expensive and can be inconvenient 

(either needing a constant exchange 

of batteries or pricey studio-lighting 

flash units). 

Example of photo stand: most of my 

Fig. 5: Photo stand with dome light 

‘dome lighting’ these days is done 

with a photo stand for purposes of image stacking (see. Fig. 5). This particular setup uses a “Canon 

EOS 40D” camera, mounted to a sturdy focusing rack that is attached to the adjustable arm of an 

Olympus photo stand for microscopes. The dome light rests on a movable table attached to a “Newport 

462 linear XYZ stage.” (Also present are flexible arms holding the “Twin Lites” of a Canon “24EX 

Macro Flash” – which are seldom used of late.) The photo stand holds the camera very steady at varying 

positions and heights, while the linear stage is capable of adjustments as small as .002mm. The Canon 

EOS system is excellent for photo stacking because of an ability to take vibration-free images, and 

because of “Live View” – where the camera can be tethered to a computer by a USB cable, and all 

image shooting is then done remotely from the computer monitor, using a mouse. One key benefit of 

my photo stand setup is that vibration, which is a major cause of problems in high resolution 

photography, is reduced to an absolute minimum. (Most of the hardware shown in Fig. 5 was purchased

in used condition on eBay, at a fraction of the original retail price.) The software I prefer to use for 

image stacking is “ZereneStacker.” 

7 

Camera lenses: Canon DSLR cameras have the “MP-E 65mm Macro Photo Lens” available for use, 

which is capable of 1-5x life size imaging. This is the lens I use most often for photo stacking; at 5x the 

working distance is 41mm – perfect for use with the dome light. The MP-E is an expensive lens and 

requires a Canon camera for use. Of course, a wide variety of other types of ‘macro’ lenses (capable of 

>1x magnification) are available that also offer a 25mm or more working distance; some of these are 

quite affordable, especially at used prices. Short focal length lenses (25mm) for dome light use. One manufacturer, Mitutoyo, does offer outstanding objectives of 

5x, 10x and 20x that have >30mm working distance. These are ‘infinity’ lenses of the Mitutoyo “M Plan 

Apo” series, which require special ‘tube lens’ setups for proper use (needing an intermediate, second 

objective lens); unfortunately these long working distance Mitutoyo objective lenses are expensive. 

Expert advice: for additional information on higher magnification macro photography, image stacking, 

camera equipment, etc., and also for viewing great photos, I highly recommend frequent browsing 

through the various forums in the “Photomacrography” website at http://www.photomacrography.net. 

There are many hundreds of informative contributions and discussions stored on this still-active site, 

and they provide a wealth of information on these subjects. 

References 

Kerr, P.H., E.M. Fisher, and M.L. Buffington. 2008. Dome lighting for insect imaging under a 

microscope. American Entomologist. 54 (4): 198-200.

8 

Examples of flies photographed with Dome Light illumination

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9

10 

Color restoration of Fly Eyes 

Keith E. Short 1 and Anthony W. Thomas 2 

1 6691 Squire Lane, Loves Park, IL 61111, USA; keith.e.short@gmail.com 

2 595 Douglas Avenue, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3A 5T1, Canada; mothman@nbnet.nb.ca 

As photographers of insects, we have learned that to capture the vivid color in the eyes of such flies as 

Tabanidae and Dolichopodidae we must photograph them soon after collection because the eyes start to 

loose their luster shortly after the insect dies. The change in eye color can be delayed by freezing the 

insect, but the degradation starts immediately and accelerates once the insect has thawed. The 

distinctive color pattern of tabanid eyes, transverse stripes in many Tabaninae and intricate curved 

patterns in Chrysops spp., are lost in dried specimens (compare face images in Thomas & Marshall 

2009; Thomas 2011). 

Osten Sacken (1876) appears to be the first to comment on restoring the coloration of the eyes in 

Tabanus (includes Hybomitra): "can usually be revived in dry specimens by putting them on moistened 

sand for a few hours." He also used the eye color and pattern to "plainly show the connection which 

exists between the coloring of the eye and the relationship of the species" (Osten Sacken 1876). Little 

emphasis has been placed on eye color of tabanids since then. Price & Goodwin (1979) reviewed the 

relevant literature and Fairchild (1983) emphasized both color and pattern in his study of the Tabanus 

lineola complex. 

Price & Goodwin (1979) described a technique for reviving both color and pattern in tabanid eyes by 

submerging a severed head in tap water. Our technique is essentially the same but differs in detail. In all 

other reports, pattern and colors are descriptive with black-and-white line drawings at best. With the 

recent advances in digital imaging and computer technologies we can present full color images which 

allow for objective evaluation of the technique. 

The pattern of stripes in the Tabaninae is a useful key character and we suspect that color could be of 

use if it were possible to restore color to the eyes of dried tabanids. Regardless, we find that an image 

of a bright-eyed tabanid or dolichopodid is more aesthetically pleasing than the typical images of 

blank-eyed pinned specimens. 

Recently we were asked about reviving the color in dehydrated fly eyes from a collection by 

re-hydration. We were skeptical but tried some experiments and were pleasantly surprised by the results. 

Below we describe the very simple process we used for re-hydration and include some before and after 

photographs to illustrate the results. Generally the original eye color was approximately restored, and 

the eye color persisted for several hours. The restored color lasted long enough to photograph the 

specimen and document the eye coloration. 

The process was tested on three specimens. The first was a small long legged fly (Dolichopodidae: 

Condylostylus sp.) approximately 4mm in length, the second a larger deer fly (Tabanidae: Chrysops 

montanus), and the third a horse fly Hybomitra lasiophthalma. The very simple process is described in 

Figure 1. It consists of immersing the insect in a slightly warm (35 Deg C) container of water; except 

that for the horse fly only the severed head was immersed. A tiny bit of dish washing suds was added to 

the container to help break down the surface tension of the water and improve the wetting of the outside

of the insect. Following immersion, the fly (head) was gently rinsed in clean water and carefully blotted 

dry with the folded edge of a paper towel. The fly was then immediately photographed. Several 

additional photographs were taken after the fly was removed in the bath to get an indication of how long 

the more or less normal eye color would persist. 

11 

Fig. 1. Re-hydration process and test sequence. One day elapsed between each soak of Condylostylus. 

Fig. 2 (left). Dry Condylostylus prior to experiments. Fig. 2 (right). After 10 minute 

soak in warm water. 

The small Condylostylus was tested first. The specimen was collected and frozen in September 2011, 

thawed in early February 2012 and photographed several days later as a test subject for a new

12 

photographic illumination setup. After these tests it was set aside and allowed to dry for approximately 

6 weeks. The appearance of the fly eye prior to attempting re-hydration is shown in Figure 2, and after 

a 10 minutes soak in Figure 3 and after a 1 hour soak in Figure 4. The 1 hour soak was quite successful. 

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the restoration of the green eye color. Also visible are the subtle stripes often 

found in Dolichopodidae. 

Fig. 3 (left). Condylostylus after 1 hour soak in warm soapy water. Fig. 4 (right). One 

hour after removal from 1 hr soak. 

Since it was expected that a larger insect would 

require longer immersion, the same fly was tested 

with a 2 hour soak to determine if the longer soak 

would damage the eye. This test was performed 

one day after the one hour soak. The fly's eye had 

started to become dehydrated and the appearance 

prior to the 2-hour soak is shown in Figure 6. 

Soaking for an additional 2 hours produced no 

obvious damage. Again the specimen was rinsed 

and blotted. Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the 

appearance after the test. It should be pointed out 

that the eye started to develop speckles, a possible 

precursor to mold (). 

Fig. 5. Condylostylus prior to 2 hour soak 

Fig. 6 (right). Condylostylus immediately after 2 hour soak. Fig. 7. 45 minutes after 2 hour soak

The larger Chrysops montanus was collected in July 2010. After being photographed it was set aside 

and allowed to dry. The appearance of the fly (stored uncovered on top of a work bench in a dry, 

humidity controlled basement) prior the re-hydration experiments is shown in Figure 9. The fly was 

initially soaked in the warm water (35 deg C) with soap suds for two hours. After 2 hours the fly was 

checked with a hand lens. The green color between the darker bands of the fly's eye had a normal 

appearance but the darker areas did not look as vivid as with a fresh fly. We decided to continue the 

soak for some additional time to help restore the color in the brown striped areas. The soak was 

continued for an additional 2 hours (4 hours total). The fly was then removed from the bath, rinsed, 

blotted and photographed. The re-hydrated fly is shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12. As can be seen in 

these photographs, the fly begins to dry out relatively quickly (more quickly than when it was initially 

collected) and the eye color began to degrade after a few hours. 

13 

Fig. 8 (left). Chrysops montanus prior to soak. Fig. 9 (right). Immediately after 4 hour soak 

Fig. 10 (left). Chrysops montanus 1 hour after removal from bath. Fig. 11 (right). 3.5 hours after 

removal from bath. Colors are disappearing as eye returns to desiccated coloration. 

The Hybomitra lasiophthalma was collected and pinned on July 5 2009 and photographed April 1 2012 

after 4 hours of treatment. The treated head is top and head of a fresh specimen for comparison below 

(Fig. 13). 

A few additional comments: 

• The amount of soap added to the bath was minute. The intent was to improve wetting of the 

insect while not requiring extensive rinsing. We used dishwashing liquid and added the soap by

14 

taking a small golf ball size dollop of suds from the top of a basin of dish washing IN the kitchen 

sink. The dollop of suds was placed on top of a small (~ 150ml) container of warm water. 

• We would recommend testing this technique on a non critical specimen of similar size to the 

specimen that you desire to re-hydrate. 

• While the technique may temporarily restore eye color, it is impossible to say that it restores the 

original eye color. 

• We did not try other solutions or wetting agents. Other processes may work as well or better 

than the one we tested. 

Fig. 13 (top). Hybomitra lasiophthalma, treated head. Fig. 14 (bottom). Hybomitra lasiophthalma, live.

References cited 

15 

Fairchild, G.B. 1983. Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) XIX. The Tabanus lineola complex. 

Misc. Publ. 57 Entomol. Soc. Am. 51 pp. 

OstenSacken, C.R. 1876. Prodrome of a Monograph of the Tabanidaed of the United States. Part II. The 

genus Tabanus. With appendix and index to parts I and II. Mem. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. Vol 

II. Part IV. Number IV. pp 421-479. 

Price, J.O. and J.T. Goodwin. 1979. The taxonomic significance of eye pattern in female Tabanidae 

(Diptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 72:725-734. 

Thomas, A.W. and Marshall S. A. 2009. Tabanidae of Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains 1: a 

photographic key to the species of Chrysopsinae and Pangoniinae (Diptera: Tabanidae). 

Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 8, 25 June 2009, available online at 

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/tm_08.html, doi: 10.3752/cjai.2009.08. 

Thomas, A. 2011. Tabanidae of Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains 2: a photographic key to the 

genera and species of Tabaninae (Diptera: Tabanidae) Canadian Journal of Arthropod 

Identification No.13, 16 February 2011, available online at 

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/t_13/t_13.html, doi: 10.3752/cjai2011.13 

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16 

Graduate Research Assistantship (M.Sc.) Available in Entomology 

at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville 

Revisionary Studies of Nearctic Seepage Midges (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) 

John K. Moulton 1 & Bradley Sinclair 2 

1 Dept. Entomology & Plant Pathology, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., 

205 Ellington Plant Sciences Bldg., The University of Tennessee, 

Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4560, USA; jmoulton@utk.edu 

2 Canadian National Collection of Insects and Ottawa Plant Laboratory – Entomology, CFIA, K.W. 

Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., 

Ottawa, ON, Canada KIA OC6; bradley.sinclair@inspection.gc.ca 

Project Description: Historically, the Thaumaleidae have been understudied and taxonomically 

difficult. This project is a collaborative research and training project between the entomology 

laboratories of the University of Tennessee and Canadian National Collection of Insects. The project 

will provide new information on the biology, diversity, ecology, and systematics of North American 

seepage flies, with extensive fieldwork in the western Cordillera. Research will involve description of 

new species and re-evaluation of species and generic concepts using collection-based specimens, 

rearing of immature stages, and freshly acquired material. Molecular analysis will include DNA 

fingerprinting/phylogenetics to discriminate all 21 known species of western Nearctic Androprosopa 

plus testing the validity of this genus with respect to Thaumalea. 

Start Date: August 2012 or until suitable candidate found. Screening of applicants will begin 15 April 

2012. Interested persons should contact John Moulton or Bradley Sinclair. 

Stipend: $20,000+ per year for 2 years, with both in- and out-of-state tuition waived and health 

insurance included. 

Qualifications: The successful M.Sc. candidate will have a B.Sc. in biology or a related science. 

Applicants will be evaluated on the basis of grades, letters of recommendation, GRE scores, resume, 

and letter of intent. The University of Tennessee is an EEO/AA/Title IX/Section 504/ADA employer. 

Environment: The Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology is located on the Agricultural 

Campus of UT. The PI is housed in the new Plant Biotechnology Building that is equipped with modern 

equipment for biotechnology research. Knoxville, a city of 180,000, is the economic and cultural center 

of eastern Tennessee and is consistently ranked as one of the ten most livable cities in the USA. It lies 

just 40 miles west of The Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 

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Bubbling in Flies 

17 

John Stoffolano 

Dept. of Plant, Soil & Insect Sciences, Univ. of Massachusetts, 

Amherst, MA 01003, USA; stoff@ent.umass.edu 

Aaron Haselton and I have just finished a major review article for the Annual Review of Entomology 

on the dipteran crop (The Adult, Dipteran Crop: A Unique and Overlooked Organ). The article is 

scheduled for the 2013 issue. It was a major task and we received help from many dipterists who 

provided information or references. I would like to encourage those of you who do field work and make 

detailed observations on adult flies to watch, maybe take some notes and, images (still or video) should 

be taken. Go to the following website – http://diptera.info/articles.phparticle_id=16 – or google flies 

bubbling. This will take you to the diptera info site. Go down to the Forum Threads and find ‘Fly bubble 

blowing’, which lists 153 files. This is probably the largest collection of different species of flies 

bubbling. One should know that flies do this behavioral bubbling by pumping liquids out of the crop 

lobes, bypassing the midgut and, push the fluid out onto the tip of their proboscis. Some flies hold the 

Stomoxys calcitrans (left) and Musca domestica (right). Photos by Brad Mullens. 

droplet, not a bubble, on the tip for some time 

while others re-ingest the droplet, continue to 

bubble and re-ingest again. Other flies, such as in 

some of the tephritids and sciomyzids, drop the 

bubble onto the substrate where it acts as a 

nuptial gift, a trap-line for re-ingestion, or mix it 

with salivary gland secretions forming a nuptial 

gift in a frothy pillar or the droplet can act as a 

lekking pheromone. You can add to the website 

above and/or send me copies of what you 

observe. Below are some references that provide 

information about this behavior in flies. What is 

needed, however, is to make observations on 

blood feeding adults to see if they bubble. The 

only photo I know of is by Brad Mullens showing 

Phormia regina

18 

a Stomoxys producing a small bubble. This process of ‘bubbling’ aids the fly in getting rid of excessive 

water in the meal (nectar, dung, etc.), thus unloading the water which aids in a more efficient flight. 

Blood feeding adults unload the water in a blood meal using rapid diuresis and involvement of the 

Malpighian tubules. Since nectar goes to the crop in these flies we do not know how they get rid of the 

water in the carbohydrate meal. 

Hendrich J, Cooley SS, Prokopy RJ. 1992. Post feeding behaviour in fluid-feeding Diptera: 

concentration of crop contents by oral evaporation of excess water. Physiological Entomology 

17: 153-61 

Larson K, Stoffolano JG, Jr. 2011. Effect of High and Low Concentrations of Sugar Solutions Fed to 

Adult Male, Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), on ‘Bubbling’ Behavior. Annals of the 

Entomological Society of America 104: 1399-403 

Lu F, Teal PE. 2001. Sex pheromone components in oral secretions and crop of male Caribbean fruit 

flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 48: 144-54 

Stoffolano JG, Jr. 1995. Regulation of a carbohydrate meal in the adult Diptera, Lepidoptera, and 

Hymenoptera. In Regulatory Mechanisms in Insect Feeding, ed. RF Chapman, G de Boer, pp. 

210-47. New York: Chapman & Hall 

Stoffolano JG, Jr., Acaron A, Conway M. 2008. "Bubbling" or droplet regurgitation in both sexes of 

adult Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) fe various concentrations of sugar and protein 

solutions. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 964-70 

Stoffolano JG, Jr., Guerra L, Carcupino M, Gambellini G, Fausto AM. 2010. The diverticulated crop 

of adult Phormia regina. Arthropod Struct Dev 39: 251-60. 

*************************************** 

Diptera collecting in Peru 

Allen L. Norrbom 

Systematic Entomology Lab (USDA), National Museum of Natural History, 

Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; Allen.Norrbom@ARS.USDA.GOV 

Bruce Sutton, Gary Steck (FSCA) and I are involved in a project with the Centro de Ecologia y 

Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Lima concerning the taxonomy and natural history of flies (particularly 

Tephritidae & Tabanidae) of Peru. Specimens were collected by Malaise traps (dry FSCA; alcohol 

USNM), at metal halide/UV lights, or by hand. I am also receiving Diptera specimens from the survey 

that Caroline Chaboo (Univ. of Kansas) is conducting in the Cosnipata Valley (various types of traps; 

specimens are in alcohol). If you have any interest in this material, please let me know which families 

or if you would want to see trap residues. The normal restrictions apply; holotypes and half of any 

species are supposed to be deposited in a Peruvian institution. If you are interested in collecting in Peru 

(presuming you have funding), it may be possible to add your name to our permit with sufficient lead 

time (i.e., 6 months). For this year we are planning trips for June and November. 

***************************************

FREUNDE DER ZOOLOGISCHEN STAATSSAMMLUNG MÜNCHEN E. V. 

19 

14 th R. J. H. Hintelmann Scientific Award 

for Zoological Systematics 

established by Mrs. Elisabeth Hintelmann 

in memory of her husband Robert J. H. Hintelmann 

For outstanding achievements in zoological systematics, phylogenetics, faunistics or zoogeography the 

association “Freunde der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München e.V.” has the pleasure to announce 

the 14 th R.J.H. Hintelmann Scientific Award. The prize has the value of Euro 5,000.- and its target 

group are young post-graduate scientists. The price was awarded annually since the year 2000 (see in 

the internet: www.zsm.mwn.de/events/wiss_preise.htm). 

This prize is awarded not only in appreciation of the previous scientific performance of the applicant, 

but the prize-winner will also be given the opportunity to continue his/her research work in 

coordination with the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM). This may be carried out either by 

visiting the ZSM or by being provided with ZSM materials for work 

elsewhere. The 14 th R.J.H. Hintelmann Scientific Award will be presented in January, 18 th , 2013during 

a ceremony at the ZSM in Munich, where the prize-winner has to provide a short lecture on his/her 

research topics. 

Nominations may name any young post-graduate scientist, preferably not in a permanent position, with 

outstanding performance in the fields mentioned above. The pertaining proposal or application should 

provide an account of the candidate’s scientific achievement. In addition, curriculum vitae, list of 

publications, and selected reprints (not more than five) have to be submitted (please submit in printed 

as well as digital form, e.g. on CD-Rom). The submitted documents remain with the awarding 

association. 

Candidates may be nominated by any zoologist; self-nomination and repetitive application in several 

years are also possible. The prize-holder is elected on absolute majority basis by a jury appointed by the 

executive committee of the “Freunde der Zoologischen Staatssammlung e.V.” Depending on the quality 

of applications the association reserves the right to withhold the award in any given year. 

Please send applications or nominations until July 27 th 2012 to the following address: 

Freunde der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München e.V. 

R. J. H. Hintelmann-Wissenschaftspreis 

Münchhausenstrasse 21 

D-81247 München, Germany 

For further information please contact: schoenitzer@zsm.mwn.de 

Munich, April, 2012 

***************************************

20 

Now is the time … to publish in CJAI. 

We need your keys! 

Steve Marshall 

University of Guelph Insect Collection and Insect Systematics Laboratory, 

School of Environmental Sciences, 1216 Edmund C. Bovey Building, University of Guelph, 

Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; samarsha@uoguelph.ca 

I suspect that almost everyone reading Fly Times is sitting on enough specialized knowledge about their 

favorite taxa to spin off a useful key on the back of a napkin in the time it takes to consume a leisurely 

beverage. How about saving that napkin for wiping your chin, and instead laying out your key in 

PowerPoint for publication in CJAI Dropping couplets into PowerPoint using the template provided 

on the CJAI instructions to authors at (http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/authors.html) is 

easier than scribbling on a napkin, and it is not much harder to drag and drop images right into the 

template. And taking character images is getting easier and easier, so that is no barrier either. CJAI is 

produced on behalf of the Biological Survey of Canada and the Entomological Society of Canada (it is 

now a core publication of the Society) fully refereed and open access. Just Google CJAI or The 

Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification to see some of the fly keys already published. Once 

reviewed, your key will be converted to html and pdf versions for publication on our web site. 

Keys covering broad areas are encouraged, the only restriction being that they have some relevance to 

the Canadian fauna. Published keys range in scope from provincial to global, but most cover a big piece 

of the continent, such as northeastern North America. 

With your support we could turn CJAI into a one-stop shop for user-friendly fly keys … a 

tremendously useful resource for all of us. 

*************************************** 

In the shadows of giants: why would sciomyzids lurk on and around tarantulas 

Steve Marshall 

University of Guelph Insect Collection and Insect Systematics Laboratory, 

School of Environmental Sciences, 1216 Edmund C. Bovey Building, University of Guelph, 

Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; samarsha@uoguelph.ca 

During a visit to Chile (in December 2008) I spotted a wandering male tarantula near Olmue, just north 

of Santiago. On close examination, the spider turned out to have several unusual associates and 

hitchhikers – small sciomyzid flies later identified by Lloyd Knutson as Parectinocera inaequalis. 

Parectinocera are unknown as larvae, but it is extremely unlikely that they have any real association 

with spiders. So why were several flies riding on the legs and body of the spider Perhaps the spider 

was serving as an opportunistic lek site. Mating pairs were seen nearby, even under the spider’s legs, as 

you can see in the photos. Does anyone have a better explanation

*************************************** 

21

22 

Ottawa Dipterology (1937–1989): Festschrift commemorating the coordinators of the 

Manual of Nearctic Diptera and their contributions to building the 

Canadian National Collection of Insects. 

Bradley J. Sinclair, Jeffrey M. Cumming, Scott E. Brooks, James E. O’Hara & Jeffrey H. Skevington 

Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 

K.W. Neatby Bldg, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 

All three parts of the Festschrift have now been published in The Canadian Entomologist. Many thanks 

to all dipterists involved, especially authors and reviewers. We are especially indebted to the former 

Editor-in-Chief of The Canadian Entomologist, Dr. Robb Bennett. Robb’s patience and editorial skills 

greatly facilitated the successful completion of this project. We have received very favourable feedback 

about the Festschrift from the dipterological community. As well, Monty, Frank, Dick and their families 

have expressed their heartfelt appreciation for this tribute. 

The Festschrift was created to celebrate the careers of the former Diptera curators of the Canadian 

National Collection of Insects (CNC) and their efforts as coordinators of the three volumes of the 

Manual of Nearctic Diptera. The years 1937 to 1989 span the period beginning with the arrival of the 

first of the Manual coordinators at the CNC (Guy Shewell) until the publication of the third volume of 

the Manual. Each of the curators and coordinators of the Manual (Frank McAlpine, Bobbie Peterson, 

Guy Shewell, Herb Teskey, Dick Vockeroth and Monty Wood) has left a lasting legacy in dipterology. 

Details about their accomplishments were presented in the introductory paper of Part 1. Lists of their 

publications and patronyms, along with a selection of photographs, were also included in this 

introductory paper. These lists (updated to include newly published patronyms) and photographs are 

also available on the CNC website (www.canacoll.org/Diptera/Main/diptera.htm). 

The three parts of the Festschrift were published in consecutive issues of The Canadian Entomologist, 

the first in volume 143 (6) and second and third in volume 144 (1, 2). In total the Festschrift comprises 

578 published pages and includes contributions on 22 families of Diptera, thus covering a good portion 

of the diversity of the order. Part 1 can be currently viewed at http://pubs.esc-sec.ca/toc/ent/current and 

Parts 2 and 3 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssuesjid=TCE, if you or your 

institution has a subscription to The Canadian Entomologist. 

*************************************** 

Announcing publication of the book Insects of Brazil: Diversity and Taxonomy 

José Albertino Rafael 

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA 

Coordenação de Biodiversidade - Entomologia 

Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, jarafael@inpa.gov.br 

It is a pleasure to announce a new entomology book, Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia 

(Insects of Brazil: Diversity and Taxonomy), just released by Holos, Editora.

Rafael, J.A.; Melo, G.A.R.; Carvalho, C.J.B. de; Casari, S.A. & Constantino, R. (eds.) 2012. Insetos do 

Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia, Holos, Editora, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. xiv + 796 pp. 

This book, written in Portuguese, can be purchased from the publisher at the website – 

www.holoseditora.com.br. There is also a webpage — www.insetosdobrasil.inpa.gov.br — with 

additional information on the book. 

The costs for publication of the book were partially financed by two Brazilian funding agencies: 

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à 

Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM). 

The book is equivalent, in terms of scope, 

to the “Insects of Australia” or “Borror and 

Delong’s Study of Insects”, but focusing 

the Neotropical fauna. The introductory 

chapters deal on different subjects, as the 

history of Brazilian Entomology, external 

and internal morphology, physiology and 

anatomy, phylogeny and classification, 

Neotropical biogeography, biodiversity 

and conservation, agricultural 

entomology, forensic entomology, and 

principles of systematic, followed by 

separate chapters on all the 30 Hexapoda 

orders occurring in Brazil. A glossary and 

taxonomic index were included. The book 

has 810 pages, divided in 43 chapters, with 

over 1,760 line drawings and photographs. 

The preparation of the chapters involved 

71 world insect experts, 53 of which from 

Brazil. All insect orders received a modern 

treatment, with updated information (or 

estimation) on number of known species 

occurring in Brazil. 

The book intends to be an updated source 

of information for the preparation of new 

generations of entomologists at undergrad 

and grad levels, as well as a source for identification and understanding of all insect families occurring 

in Brazil and in other tropical countries in South America. 

The chapter on Diptera was prepared by four Brazilians experts, Claudio J.B. de Carvalho, José 

Albertino Rafael, Márcia Souto Couri, and Vera Cristina Silva. It presents a key to all 96 families 

currently known to occur in Brazil and has a brief treatment for each of them. 

In the name of the editors, I would like to congratulate all the authors for this achievement, as well as to 

everyone else who has contributed to produce this remarkable book dealing with the Brazilian insect 

diversity. 

23

24 

*************************************** 

Back in the West! 

Chris Borkent 

California State Collection of Arthropods, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center 

California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA; 

916-262-1152, chris.borkent@mail.mcgill.ca 

http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ppd/staff/cborkent.html 

I am pleased to announce that I have joined the Dipterists at the CDFA in Sacramento, CA as a 

postdoctoral researcher! After the submission of my PhD. thesis on mycetophilid systematics at McGill 

University, I was fortunate enough to be awarded a FQRNT (Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature 

et technologies) Postdoctoral research fellowship to work at the CDFA. I will principally be continuing 

my research on the systematics and natural history of the Mycetophilidae and other Sciaroidea, in 

collaboration with Dr. Peter Kerr. I am planning to explore the phylogeny of the paraphyletic 

Gnoristinae as well as revise a few genera. I will also be dabbling in acrocerid systematics (a revision 

of the genus Eulonchus), and other Diptera related projects along the way. I am looking forward to an 

interesting and productive couple of years! As always I am happy receive any mycetophilid specimens 

that anyone feels like sending my way. 

*************************************** 

Flies on Display in Australia 

Christine Lambkin 

Biodiversity Curator (Entomology), Queensland Museum & Sciencentre 

P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia; 

christine.lambkin@qm.qld.gov.au 

The Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia currently has a display “Rise of the Flies” outlining the 

evolutionary response by Diptera to catastrophes based on the recent Assembling the Tree of Life paper: 

Wiegmann, B.M., Trautwein, M.D., Winkler, I.S., Barr, N.B., Kim, J.-W., Lambkin, C., Bertone, M.A., 

Cassel, B.K., Bayless, K.M., Heimberge, A.M., Wheeler, B.M., Peterson, K.J., Pape, T., Sinclair, B.J., 

Skevington, J.H., Blagoderov, V., Caravas, J., Kutty, S.N., Schmidt-Ott, U., Kampmeier, G.E., 

Thompson, F.C., Grimaldi, D.A., Beckenbach, A.T., Courtney, G.W., Friedrich, M., Meier, R. and 

Yeates, D.K. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of 

Sciences 108: 5690-5695. 

On January 20 2012, the South Bank branch of the Queensland Museum (QM) reopened after 4 months 

of renovation to six new exhibitions. One exhibition on the public floors “Bouncing Back from 

Disasters” co-authored by QM geneticist Dr Jessica Worthington-Wilmer commemorated the 

anniversary of the 2011 floods that hit Queensland and Brisbane and included the “Rise of the Flies” 

display showing the evolutionary importance of disturbance authored by QM Curator of Entomology 

Dr Christine Lambkin.

25 

The QM Display CATASTROPHES and Rise of the Flies with Jessica Worthington-Wilmer 

and Christine Lambkin. Photograph Noel Starick, QM. 

“Rise of the Flies” aligns the evolution of flies to the catastrophic events that accelerate evolution by 

ultimately leading to environmental conditions that encourage the growth and diversification of life on 

Earth. Research by the Assembling the Tree of Life colleagues revealed that three bursts of 

diversification in the group Diptera coincide with times when the Earth was recovering following the 

3 most recent mass extinction events. 

Chris shows Jessica the Lower Diptera immatures in the QM Display Rise of the Flies. 

Photograph Noel Starick, QM.

26 

The Rise of the Mosquitoes and Mosquito-like Flies. 220MYA 

• Most likely due to massive volcanic eruptions that also set fire to huge coal deposits causing 

extreme changes in global climate, carbon cycles and acidity of the oceans. 

• The great radiation of modern insects began within 3-4 Mya of the Permian-Triassic Mass 

Extinction 250MYA 

• World’s climate was hot and wet. Ave global temperatures went from 12-15oC to 22oC 

• The success of mosquitoes and their relatives was due to their adaptive response to the 

warm, wet conditions by having aquatic larvae 

Rise of the March (Horse) Flies 175MYA: Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction 200MYA 

• Most commonly accepted explanation is climate change linked to mass volcanism similar to 

that which occurred at the end of the Permian (Central Atlantic Magmatic Province) 

• World’s climate became hot and dry. 

• Terrestrial habitats dried out 

• New desiccation resistance mechanisms evolved 

• The success of March Flies and their relatives was due to the development of larvae that 

avoided desiccation by living in the soil (Soldier Flies and March Flies) or even inside 

another insect (Beeflies) and were often predatory (Stiletto Flies). . 

Rise of the House and Bush Flies 50MYA: Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction: 65 MYA 

• Asteroid impact with the Earth and associated global climate changes. 

• The largest insect radiation of the Tertiary era 

• World’s climate became cooler and drier 

• The success of this group of flies corresponds to the development of the desiccation 

resistant pupal case and “ptilinum” (head sac which is inflated at hatching). 

• These flies literally blow open their face to form a battering ram that allows them to break 

out of the pupal case to start their adult lives! 

***************************************

Dipterological Poems 

27 

Gordon Ramel 

Associate Professor of English, Huai'yin Normal University, 

71 Jaiotong Rd, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China P.R. 223001; gjramel@hotmail.com 

A Fly 

The micro-architecture is profound 

each finely textured ridge, each joint and hair 

perfect in every detail. Who has found 

within the earth a gem that can compare 

And see! One wonder with another crowned 

it lives, and with its wings swims through the air. 

Such fearless magic surely must astound 

even a mind sore dulled by earthly care. 

It is a pleasure for the soul's delight 

as grand a marvel as has ever been. 

The poet strives in vain, but still must try 

to bring such beauty to the common light 

and call himself well blessed to know he's seen 

the glory that upholds the humble Fly. 

Chloropidae 

Who knows of the Chloropids They’re so small, 

full-stops with wings, there’s little more to see 

if you should chance to find one flying free, 

most of the time they are not seen at all. 

Alas, this weakness of our human eyes 

robs us of so much beauty I could cry 

were it not that our human minds can fly; 

my microscope unveils a sweet surprise. 

What was a dot is now a fly, complete 

in all its parts, perfected and sublime. 

The wonder of it lifts me out of time 

into a moment so intense, replete 

with joy and free from stress and pain, 

it lures me back to life time and again. 

The Sciomyzidae 

The fascinating Sciomyzidae 

live out their lives by some old pond or stream, 

and in the night their hungry larvae dream 

of fresh snail flesh for breakfast lunch and tea. 

During the day the adults wander free 

on often fuscate and attractive wings 

searching for flowers and other tasty things, 

as well as mates to share their repartee. 

The thought of escargot eternally 

alive, uncooked, bereft of garlic source 

does not inspire me, but then of course 

I’m not a fly to live so frugally, 

or flit so freely through the summer’s haze 

and die untouched by winter’s bitter days. 

***************************************

28 

Special thanks go out to the artist Marco Marilungo, for his permission to let us use some of his 

individual variations on a dipterological theme – part of his "History of Art: The Avante garde" series 

commissioned by the Academy of Fine Arts in Macerata, Italy, as part of a promotional poster for 

enrollment in the Academy. I think they are all fantastic! I had a very difficult time picking eight to fit 

on two pages! Visit Marco's website – http://www.marilungo.com – to see the full series, and lots more!

*************************************** 

29

30 

HISTORICAL DIPTEROLOGY 

Dipterophilologicalities 1 . First Instar 

Neal L. Evenhuis 

J. Linsley Center for Research in Entomology, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 

Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA; email: NealE@bishopmuseum.org 

This is the first in a series of notes on names given to genera and species in Diptera. Some may be 

biographical in nature and possibly on the longish-side; others may be as short as the name in question. 

We often see a scientific name in a paper but do not think much past what it is as a species or a genus. 

This series will hopefully provide some interesting tidbits of information and maybe a bit of background 

to the people and places who are/were famous or maybe little-known but in any case for whom or what 

an author saw fit to honor with a Diptera taxon name. 

Thanks to the Systema Dipterorum database (www.diptera.org) for some of the statistical data used in 

the entries below. 

1. Mya Rondani, 1850 

Rondani gave no etymology for the name but it is most often presumed that it is a corruption of the 

Greek Myia, which dictionaries define as “fly” (the fact that Rondani’s genus-group name is 

preoccupied by a mollusk described by Linnaeus confounds the presumption, but for purposes of this 

eponymy, let’s pretend that Rondani had a fly in mind and not a mollusk). 

The origin of the Greek “Myia” derives from various old Greek legends and stories, one of which is that 

there was a maiden whose name was Myia who was vying with the goddess Selene for the love of 

Zeus’s son, the handsome hunter Endymion. When the young man slept, she was constantly waking him 

with her gossip, singing, and merriment. Finally, he lost patience, and Selene, in her wrath, turned Myia 

to what she now is, a pesky fly. To this day, in her memory of Endymion, Myia still bothers sleepers in 

their rest. Sounds more like a mosquito to me... 

2. Anthrax belzebul Fabricius, 1794; Calobata belzebul Schiner, 1868; Mallophora belzebul 

Schiner, 1867; Diopsis belzebuth Bigot, 1874; Tephritopyrgota belzebuth Hendel, 1914 

The species-group name, here various spelled as belzebul or belzebuth, derives from the Hebrew Baʿal 

Zəbûb itself from the Arabic: بابذلا لعب , Ba‘al az-Zubab, meaning “Lord of the Flies”. The spelling 

Belzebub, deriving from the Arabic, has since evolved into other spellings, the most common current 

version of which is “Beezelbub”. 

Determining the history of the meaning of this name is a complex one as there are two biblical 

interpretations: one from the Old Testament (the Lord of the Flies one) and a different one from the 

New Testament (a demonic character equaling Satan). It is most likely, however, that the Old Testament 

writers took the Arabic definition of the name and used it to deprecate idolatry; the New Testament 

1 The title of this series owes its inspiration to ornithologist, nomenclaturalist, and bibliographer, Elliot Coues and his 

“Ornthophilologicalities” that appeared in the 1884 The Auk (1: 49–58) as a retort to Prof. Augustus C. Merriam 

and his disagreements with the etymological derivations for bird names given by Coues.

writers simply embellished the negative connotation of the name to its ultimate extreme. However, 

before we go around boasting about some of our favorite species having a name that equals “Lord of the 

Flies”, it is useful to note that there is an interesting follow up on the history of the name. That is, some 

Jewish scholars had interpreted the “Ba’al” (= Lord) of the “Baal Zebub” as being a pile of dung, so that 

the followers of Ba’al were essentially flies attracted to dung. Muscoid workers should appreciate that 

allegory. 

3. Unusual two-letter epithets 

There are not many Diptera species who have been named based on only two letters. One of the more 

common is “io” having no less than 10 different fly species with that moniker. Io was the daughter of the 

Argive king Innachus, who for fear of Juno, changed her into a cow. She gives the name to the Ionian 

Sea, across which she is supposed to have swam... most likely before she was turned into a cow. And 

at least two flies bear the name of the Egyptian sun god “Ra”: Tritoxa ra Harriot, 1942 and 

Chernovskiia ra Pankratova, 1983. But there are a couple of two-letter epithets for which origins are not 

yet known: one is the syrphid Eristalomyia fo Bigot, 1880 from China and the other is the crane fly 

Tipula bo Mannheims, 1967 from Finland. If anyone knows the origin of either fo or bo, please let me 

know. 

4. Some (probably) unintended unusual names 

Long before these image transfer machines were commonplace (and now they are becoming obsolete!), 

Volucella fax was described by C.H. Townsend in 1895 for a syrphid fly from Colorado. Almost 50 

years later A.E. Pritchard, in 1943, described a robber fly from New Mexico as Cophura caca.... no 

doubt exasperated that the fax machine had still not been invented. 

5. How rare is rare 

At least 25 fly species are named “rara”, many in Mycetophilidae. And over 70 species of flies are 

named “singularis”, including two different times in Liriomyza (20 years apart) and in Hilarimorpha 

(100 years apart). So much for being singular or “rare”. In contrast 50 species are named “communis”. 

and 65 are named “vulgaris” (both names which derive from the word “common”). 

6. Patronymophilia 

When we name a species after someone, it is to honor them for service they have done to our work or 

to dipterology as a whole, whether it be as ephemeral as having collected the species in question or the 

more long-lasting influence our mentors and colleagues have had on us. If the number of patronyms is 

an indication of the impact a person has had on dipterology, then the Russian syrphidologist A.A. 

Stackelberg (1897–1975) is at the top of that list. He has some 170 species named for him. In 

comparison, a brief listing of some other luminaries follows with numbers of species-group patronyms 

in parentheses: Linnaeus (3); Robineau-Desvoidy (6); Fabricius (13); Okada (13); Rubtzov (13); 

Latreille (20); Fallén (22); Kovalev (22); Matsumura (22); Cole (26); Efflatoun (28); Kieffer (30); 

Austen (32); Shiraki (32); Wiedemann (34); Paramonov (36); Rondani (37); Enderlein (38); Oldroyd 

(40); Hennig (41); Hendel (42); Alexander (43); Bezzi (43); Zetterstedt (47); Schiner (48); Coquillett 

(51); Meigen (52); Osten Sacken (53); Kertész (56); Bigot (57); Stone (59); Colless (62); Frey (63); 

Townsend (65); Malloch (66); Macquart (72); Williston (77); Sabrosky (81); Loew (98); Wirth (99); 

Becker (102); Aldrich (114). 

7. Celebrity flies 

More eponymous naming here — this time for people of note. The recent naming of an Australian 

tabanid with bling on the bum in honor of singer Beyoncé and her bootylicious bum (Scaptia beyonceae 

31

32 

Lessard, 2011) has gotten some good press for our profession, but there are a few other celebrities who 

have had flies named after them too: Eristalis gatesi Thompson, 1997 (a rat-tailed maggot named for 

smart-home owner Bill Gates); Carmenelectra shechisme Evenhuis, 2002 (a fossil micro bee fly in 

amber with a spectacular body named for actress/model Carmen Elektra and her spectacular body; 

“elektra” means amber in Greek); Campsicnemus charliechaplini Evenhuis, 1996 (a Hawaiian 

long-legged fly named after Charlie Chaplin because the flies all died with their legs in a bandy-legged 

position, reminiscent of how he walked); Dicrotendipes thanatogratus Epler, 1987 (a chironomid fly 

named for the “Grateful Dead” — thanatogratus translates to that). 

If you have a favorite odd name that you would like featured with more background information and/or 

history or have a question about the origin of a name, please send it to me and I will endeavor to include 

it in a forthcoming instar of this column. 

*************************************** 

NECROLOGY 

The North American Dipterists' Society regrets to inform its members of the recent loss of two of our 

esteemed colleagues. And thank you to the writers of these heartfelt obituaries to give us all more 

perspectives on the lives of our deceased friends. 

• Colless, Vale Don (24 August 1922-16 Feb 2012) 

• Weems, Howard V., Jr. (22 April 1922 - 18 June 2011) 

*************************************** 

Vale Don Colless, Australian Dipterist, 

24 August 1922-16 Feb 2012 

Peter S. Cranston 1 and David K. Yeates 2 

1 Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, 

Australian National University, 

Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 

pscranston@gmail.com 

2 Australian National Insect Collection, 

CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, 

P.O. Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601. Australia; 

David.Yeates@csiro.au 

Donald H. Colless (Don to all), who was the foremost 

Dipterist of the last half-century in Australia, died 

earlier this year. With a reputation for breadth of 

interests in the flies and his precocious computerliteracy, 

Don was globally-recognised scientist. His 

entomological and systematics activities continued 

throughout his retirement from the Australian National 

Fig. 1. A suave young Donald Colless, 

BAgSc. Image from family, taken from 

funeral service program.

Insect Collection (part of CSIRO Entomology), during which time he overlapped with his successors, 

Peter Cranston (1987-2000) and David Yeates (2000-continuing). This remembrance is compiled from 

our scientific collaborations, social interactions (perhaps especially during our time of overlap with Don 

the ‘retiree’), some specific discussions in his final months, and from a personal memoriam that David 

Yeates gave at the funeral on 27th February in Canberra, Australia. 

Don, whose youth was spent around Uralla on the Tablelands of northern New South Wales, started his 

formal education in entomology at the University of Sydney, graduating in 1947 with a BAgSc (Fig. 1). 

Interestingly his education from high school onwards was in tandem with that of Keith Taylor, who 

spent all of his subsequent career at CSIRO Entomology in Canberra. Don himself after graduating 

made a start with what was then CSIR (as termed before it became an ‘organisation’, CSIRO), but a few 

months later he answered a call to research in mosquitoes in South-East Asia. Thus Don spent the years 

1947 to 1952 in North Borneo (now Sabah, part of Malaysia) and then 8 years at the University of 

Malaysia, Singapore (which changed from British ‘rule’ to self-governance, then merged ephemerally 

with Malaysia). 

During this time, Don studied all the mosquitoes of the region, but emphasised the actual and potential 

disease vectors. One of Don’s earliest papers was from this period and concerned ‘The anopheline 

mosquitoes of north-west Borneo’ and was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New 

South Wales, appearing just one year after his arrival there. The regular flow of papers from the 

Malaysian days shows the breadth of Don’s interests, ranging from identification of larval breeding 

sites, assessment of vector status and host preferences, as well as formal taxonomy (including the 

difficult Anopheles leucosphyrus group). And there were early indications of what was to become a 

core part of Don’s later repertoire – the application of statistics in biology - in a paper calculating the 

components of catch curves - the ‘biting cycle’ – of a Culex species. That this appeared in Nature may 

surprise us these days, but it was already his 3 rd paper in that august journal, and another followed the 

next year, namely another concerning daily survival-rate and the gonotrophic cycle – crucial factors in 

mosquito epidemiology. Two more papers by Don appeared in Nature – stressing that Don always was 

at the cutting edge of published 

entomological research. Don’s 

PhD was awarded by the 

University of Malaysia in 1956, 

from the Department of 

Parasitology – there was no 

Entomology Department, then as 

now. 

33 

Don was immersed deeply and 

broadly in the culture and natural 

history of Malaysia, and 

increasingly with the Sri Lankan 

diaspora. To his death, he loved to 

reminisce about those times, not 

least about the diversity of foods 

available in Singapore. Both Peter 

Cranston and David Yeates have 

more recent connections with this 

region and gained much pleasure 

Fig. 2. Three ANIC Dipterists left to right, David Yeates, Don 

Colless and Peter Cranston, summer 2001. The location of 

Don’s wine glass is uncertain. Photographer unknown.

34 

talking with Don, over wine of course (Fig. 2), about those formative years in Don’s tropical days. 

Earlier this year Pete visited the University of Singapore, where Paddy Murphy (Don’s successor as 

regional medical entomologist, now retired) told him that Don’s mosquito studies remain invaluable, 

although dengue is now the greater problem, rather than the malaria and Japanese encephalitis of Don’s 

time. 

After more than a decade in Asia, and surely with some reluctance, Don left Singapore in 1960 to join 

CSIRO permanently in the position of Dipterist in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) in 

Canberra. With promotion to chief research scientist in the 1970’s he also became Chief Curator of the 

ANIC from 1971-1977 during a strong expansion phase. It was here that Don spent the remaining 50+ 

years of his life, interacting with a host of visiting scientists lured by the ever-expanding collections. In 

this time Don’s taxonomic breadth expanded greatly to cover nearly all families of the Australian 

Diptera. His field experience was immense and he was the mainstay and ever-present participant in a 

series of major expeditions by ANIC to collect the diversity that was ‘out there’ in the more remote parts 

of the continent. Initially Pete was somewhat irked to find that no matter how remote his own aquatic 

field work had been, Don (and CSIRO colleagues) had been already ‘been there, done that’ - and all in 

the days when there was no ribbon of asphalt from east to west and north to south, or 4-hour flights to 

Darwin. But of course, the detailed location notes, photographs and above all the specimens collected 

and diligently mounted were resources that both of us came to value highly. Not only this, but Don’s 

hands-on attitude – from field collection to mounting to identifying and accessing specimens – meant 

that Don truly knew the Australian Diptera fauna. These specimens surely represent the lasting legacy 

of his dedication to understanding Australian insect diversity. He was a meticulous perfectionist in his 

work, and his specimens are often the holotypes of our biota. 

For his two successors, one of us very naive and fresh from UK, Don’s expertise was critical to help us 

identify the flies that routinely pass over the desk of curators of Diptera. We had two options – to spend 

hours trying to figure out what the specimen was for ourselves, or just go and ask Don. Since Don 

always knew what the fly was off the top of his head, the choice was clear. In later years, when Don 

wasn’t always in his ANIC office, David would email a photo, and back would come the name – quite 

a feat with around 6,000 described species of Australian flies. 

Amidst this expertise across all flies, Don did have favourites, and typically for him, he chose the really 

challenging ones. Throughout his professional career and beyond, Don struggled with tachinids and 

mycetophilids, although his publication record, impressive as it is, does not reflect this. Pete’s first 

professional contact with Don was through a paper (yes, again in Nature !) concerning mandibulate 

adult chironomids, but other than this curiosity corner that we revisited, this was the one family from 

which he fled – the other being the Tipulidae which he left to Dobrotworsky. 

Perhaps Don’s most significant achievements as a taxonomist are his chapters on the Australian flies in 

CSIRO’s The Insects of Australia with David McAlpine (with editions published in 1970 and 1991). 

This ‘fly bible’ contained authoritative accounts of anatomy, biology and taxonomy, and set out a 

classification of the order. The chapter includes keys to enable the identification of the 100 or so 

families of flies in Australia that are still in use today. In total Don described as new to science 2 

families (Perissommatidae and Axiniidae), 13 genera and over 120 species of flies. About 50 species 

and 2 genera have been named after Don so far, and the list grows each year. 

Don was an extremely productive and successful scientist: by David’s count he published 120 scientific 

papers over a 64 year time span beginning in 1948. Don remained extremely lucid and was writing

papers up until last year - there is one 80-page manuscript that will be published posthumously, 

probably later this year. Don’s contribution to the ‘grey literature’ was equally voluminous and, as 

always, wittily written. In later years these appeared often in the form of acerbic interjections to the 

Taxacom discussion list where – as Dan Bickel has pointed out - Don specialised in taking contrarian 

stances, especially to what he considered mainstream dogma in phylogenetics. This side of Don’s 

systematic interests may be less well known to dipterists than his ‘mainstream’ dipterological studies 

and so here we summarise his contributions. 

From the outset, Don’s papers include much insight into taxonomic theory – it remains a delight to read 

a paper ostensibly concerning the messy subject of subspecies status (of mosquito vectors) which 

combined erudition, clarity of thought and expression, and no little humour. The description of ‘The 

New Systematics’ as ‘a lusty infant’, the World Health Organization as ‘embalming the Linnean 

concept in official dogma’ and his own ‘absolving X and Y of any guilt’ in their taxonomic decisions, 

is simply splendid writing but all the while revealing deep insights into the ‘subspecies problem’. With 

his interests in systematics of mosquitoes and their relatives, Don had advanced understanding of 

relationships, and with issues concerning the role of taxonomy with the availability of egg, larval, pupal 

and adult morphological data. 

Don was a very competent biological statistician already in the 1950s and as soon as the first computers 

became available for use in CSIRO in the 1960’s, Don was experimenting with what became the 

DELTA computer-based system for organising morphological data, and in methods to quantify the 

process of distinguishing taxonomic groups such as species. With onset of a ‘textbook’ of numerical 

methods in systematics from Sokal and Sneath in 1963, Don was primed to enter debate, and he did so 

with vigour and erudition. For example, he argued in 1967 that ‘any empirical conflict between the 

so-called "phylogenetic" and "phenetic" schools of taxonomy involves little more than the adequacy of 

statistical procedures’ (The Phylogenetic Fallacy, Systematic Zoology 16: 289-295). He attacked the 

rationale of the ‘untouchable’ E.O. Wilson (for Don there were no sacred cows, including the NY 

school of cladists). His obituary for Willi Hennig praised his Diptera especially fossil studies, and 

recognised his systematic theory as elegant and logical precise but ‘philosophically debatable’. 

In the late 60’s Don suggested that ‘Both parties [pheneticists and phylogeneticists] would now be well 

advised to return to the job of improving classifications by collecting new data while unstudied, or 

poorly-known, taxa are still with us’ - which could be read as retreating from what was becoming an 

increasingly acrimonious debate. Surely Don followed his own advice in directing the expansion of the 

ANIC and in greatly enhancing the collections, never-the-less he remained very engaged in systematics 

debates. Although Don wrote no magnum opus on taxonomic practice, he continued to lob pithy ‘hand 

grenades’ into the deliberations, often in Systematic Zoology, subsequently Systematic Biology and 

latterly the Taxacom listserve. His early recognition of the revolution to be provided by molecular data 

to taxonomy is well worth re-visiting, as is his ‘prediction’ that amino acids would come to represent 

fundamental units in phenetic analysis. Plus ça change ... 

Despite the terse language and ruthless logic of Don’s systematics papers, all of us recall systematics 

discussions with great pleasure. For example, Dan Faith identifies Don as being largely responsible 

for establishing his own interest in phylogenetics in the early-mid 80s. He remembers bouncing many 

ideas off Don, for example concerning distance-based phylogenetic approaches, stimulating wonderful 

discussion. And then Don would open a drawer, a folder, or computer file (or all 3) with some hot idea 

of his own, and then have a great chat about that. Don always was generous, thoughtful and kind, 

answering all questions respectfully (even the dumb ones). In common with many country-reared 

35

36 

Australians who had lived through the depression, he had a great sense of humour, and was modest and 

resourceful. Intellectually he was a deep and original thinker, never one to follow the current scientific 

fad or fashion. 

Specifically for David, he recalls during his PhD studies in the 1980’s asking Don for help with a piece 

of computer software that had been released in the USA. He made the request with some trepidation, 

because the software encoded routines that he knew Don disagreed with. But no worries – Don, always 

a real gentleman, knew all about the software, and helped David use it. This was quite different to 

David’s experience subsequently in the USA, where members of the different intellectual camps treated 

each other as mortal enemies. For Pete, memories involved especially discussions on ‘underlying 

synapomorphy’ (agreement) and the shape of trees - pectinate versus balanced (agreement to differ, 

though united on consequence for testing robustness of trees). 

David’s fondest personal memories are of Don’s warmth and friendship from the last dozen or so years 

of his life, when he was an Honorary Fellow in the collection. Pete particularly remembers Don’s 

hospitality and the welcome given to the ‘naive Pom’ that replaced him in 1987, and for many 

‘extracurricular’ activities, including 

appreciation of Sri Lankan food, 

Australian wine (reds, Fig. 3) and 

cricket, concerning which we shared 

an affection for the ‘newcomers’ Sri 

Lanka as they entered international 

competition. 

In his long and dedicated lifetime Don 

achieved a breadth and depth of 

knowledge of Australian flies that 

surely will never be equalled in the 

future as scientific careers become 

narrower. Don’s name and legacy will 

live on while ever there are people 

studying Australia’s biological 

diversity, because of the species, 

genera and families he described, the 

species and genera that are named 

after him, and the continued 

availability of all his specimens that 

await future study in the ANIC. 

Fig. 3. Don Colless and Peter Cranston, early 2011. The 

wine was made by colleague Don Edward – the author with 

Don and Pete on the mandibulate chironomids. 

Photographer Penny Gullan. 

***************************************

37 

Howard V. Weems Jr., 

22 April 1922 - 18 June 2011 

Gary Steck 1 & F. Christian Thompson 2 

1 Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida 

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 

Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville FL 32614, USA; 

gary.steck@freshfromflorida.com 

2 Department of Entomology, National Museum of 

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 

PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C 20013-7012, USA; 

thompsonf@si.edu 

Dr. Howard V. Weems, Jr., dipterist at the Florida State 

Collection of Arthropods and very well known among 

entomologists throughout the Americas, passed away 

on 18 June 2011 at age 89. 

Howard was born in Rome, GA on 11 April 11 1922 to Dr. Howard V. and Vail Weems, spending much 

of his childhood in Sebring, FL. From 1940-1946 he attended Emory University (interrupted by a 

2-year stint in the U.S. Army, 1944-1945) for his Bachelor’s degree in Biology. He attended The 

University of Florida during 1946-1948 for his MSc in Entomology, followed by a position as 

Instructor in the Biology Department at the University of Mississippi in 1948 and 1949. Finally, he 

attended the Ohio State University during 1949-1953 for his PhD in Entomology, with a dissertation 

entitled “The Syrphid Flies of Southeastern United States (Diptera: Syrphidae).” 

Howard returned to Florida and began his professional entomological career with the State Plant Board 

of Florida (now the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry 

[DPI]) in 1953. He immediately set himself the task of developing an inclusive insect reference and 

research collection, files, and library with emphasis on the Florida fauna to provide a quick and accurate 

identification service. This mission gradually broadened to include nearly all arthropod groups and 

geographic regions. In the span of his career, what began as a small regional collection has evolved into 

one of the finest arthropod collections in North America, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 

(FSCA). 

The Doyle Connor Building, home of the FSCA, itself is sited in Gainesville because of efforts by 

Howard and fellow entomologists to keep DPI in proximity to the University of Florida, when others 

wanted to move the agency to Winter Haven. Howard was instrumental in inaugurating and promoting 

such publication series as the Entomology Circulars, The Arthropods of Florida, and others. During his 

38 years as an entomologist with DPI, he served as head curator of the FSCA, adjunct professor of 

entomology at The University of Florida and Florida A&M University, editor or associate editor on 

several scientific journals, including the Florida Entomologist, published more than 100 scientific 

papers, and was a member of more than 30 honorary, scientific, and natural history organizations.

38 

The driving force of Howard's professional 

career was development of the FSCA and its 

Research Associate Program. Through the R.A. 

program, more than 300 scientists internationally 

have become affiliated with the FSCA. Howard 

nurtured close relationships with many 

entomologists throughout the country, and they 

in turn proved an extremely valuable source of 

expertise, specimens and taxonomic literature. 

He even coaxed some of them into retirement in 

Gainesville where they continued to provide 

valuable contributions to the FSCA. Howard's 

own collecting efforts were legendary. He 

traveled widely in the New World, oftentimes 

accompanied by wife Camilla and other family 

members. He collected across all groups, but 

especially Diptera and Lepidoptera. His 

specimens are noted for their meticulous 

preparation. Howard took great effort to “feed” 

material to various taxonomic specialists around 

the country. As a result, there are numerous 

patronyms (at least 19 Diptera names) honoring 

his contributions scattered about the insect taxonomic literature. 

Howard was a real “people” person who led a very active social life and greatly relished his interactions 

with others and his knowledge of their life histories. He never failed to call me on my birthday to wish 

me well. Howard was a prolific writer, but he clearly preferred correspondence and biography over 

scientific writing as attested by the 32 linear feet of correspondence files in the museum. Chances are 

you have received one of more of Howard’s newsy Christmas letters over the years, usually delivered 

some months after the holiday itself. Nearly everyone has a “Howard” story - and if you are one of them, 

you can be sure that Howard had a story about you too! 

Howard was preceded in death by his sister, Carolyn Weems, his parents and 2 daughters, Camilla Vail 

Weems and Brenda M. Bennison. He is survived by his wife of 61 years, Camilla Bartley Weems, 

daughters, Pamela Law-Sallenburger, and Deborah W. Grant, son Howard V., III (Howdy), sister 

Verna V. Macbeth-Hall, four grandchildren, and a great-grandson. 

Howard will be remembered as a collector and collection builder. His favorite group were the flower 

flies and, while he knew a number of new species in his home state, Florida, he never got around to 

describe them all. The only two species he did described were in revisions by others. One he named 

after his lovely wife, Camilla, and that species is undoubtedly the prettiest in the Nearctic Region, being 

a wonderful shade of reddish pink! However, others have recognized Howard’s abilities as there are 17 

species of flies named weemsi! 

New species and names from Systema Dipterorum (all Diptera: Syrphidae) 

Myolepta camillae Weems, 1956: 5. TL: USA. Florida: Highlands Hammock State Park (HT 

M AMNH) 

Myolepta schreiteri Fluke & Weems, 1956: 11. nomen nudum.

Xylota cascadensis Weems, 1965: 607. New name Xylota pigra Lovett. 

Rhopalosyrphus ramulorum Weems & Deyrup, 2003: 189. TL: USA. Florida: Highlands Co., 

Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station, Trail 1 SSo (HT M USNM). 

Taxonomic publications 

Weems, H. V., Jr. (1951) Check list of the syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Florida. Florida 

Ent. 34: 89-113. [1951.09.] 

Weems, H. V., Jr. (1953) Notes on collecting syrphd flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Florida Ent. 36: 

91-98. [1953.09.] 

Fluke, C. L. & Weems, H. V., Jr. (1956) The Myoleptini of the Americas (Diptera, Syrphidae). 

Am. Mus. Nov.1758, 23 pp. [1956.03.08] 

Wirth, W. W., Sedman, Y. S. & Weems, H. V., Jr (1965) Family Syrphidae. Cat. Dipt. Amer. 

n. Mex.: 557-625. [1965.08.23] 

Weems, H. V., Jr., Thompson, F. C., Rotheray, G. & Deyrup, M. A. (2003) The genus 

Rhopalosyrphus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Florida Ent. 86: 186-193. [2003.06.30] 

*************************************** 

39

40 

MEETING NEWS 

Diptera BioBlitz, Great Basin National Park, Nevada, June 19-21, 2012 

Gretchen Baker 

Ecologist, 100 Great Basin National Park, Baker, Nevada 89311, USA; 

775-234-7541, Gretchen_Baker@nps.gov 

Great Basin National Park would like to invite you to the 2012 BioBlitz, which will focus on Diptera 

(flies). The BioBlitz will be held June 19-21, 2012. We are excited to have Dr. Riley Nelson from 

Brigham Young University be our lead Diptera expert for the event. 

Why You Should Come. 

First off, Great Basin National Park is a beautiful place, and in late June is filled with wildflowers, 

singing birds, and an abundance of wildlife. The creeks and springs are running high, making this 

destination in the Great Basin Desert greener than ever. The snow is melting quickly, and the Scenic 

Drive that ascends to 10,000 feet is already open at the end of April, so it will be easy to access the high 

country. 

Second, Diptera have received very little attention in Great Basin National Park. They have been 

surveyed during cave bioinventories and to a limited extent (to family and in a couple campgrounds) by 

Glen Forister and Matt Forister during a previous BioBlitz. The cave bioinventories have found six new 

Diptera species: Camptochaeta prolixa Vilkamaa, Aenigmatias bakerae Disney, Megaselia excuniculus 

Disney, M. krejcae Disney, M. folliculorum Disney, and M. necpleuralis Disney. The potential for 

additional new species to science is high! 

Third, this is an excellent networking opportunity with other entomologists and enthusiastic amateurs. 

You may be able to find someone to help with your next project. In addition, if there's something of 

particular interest you'd like to collect, you may be able to get a separate research permit and do some 

collecting of your taxa of interest at the same time. 

Logistics. BioBlitz participants receive free camping at Grey Cliffs campground. The free camping will 

start one day before and extend to one day after the BioBlitz, June 18-22. The Grey Cliffs campground 

has some group sites, so that makes it extra fun for breakfast discussions or late-night comparisons. RVs 

and trailers are allowed, but no hook-ups are available in the Park. If you don't want to camp, there are 

3 RV parks in Baker and 6 motel/bed & breakfast options. There are also 2 convenience stores and 4 

restaurants. More info about all of these places is available at: http://www.greatbasinpark.com/. We are 

also looking for a few people who would be willing to venture into the backcountry to sample the more 

remote parts of the park. Backcountry camping is free and extremely scenic. 

Average temperatures in June at the Lehman Caves Visitor Center (6800 ft) are a high of 76 F and a low 

of 48 F. Grey Cliffs Campground is at 7200 ft, so might be a couple of degrees cooler. A chance of rain 

is possible any day in June (and snow at the higher elevations). For more climate info, see: 

http://www.nps.gov/grba/planyourvisit/weather.htm#CP_JUMP_26562.

Baker Hall will once again be our headquarters for the BioBlitz. It's a small gym located in Baker. Look 

for the pink building (it's the only one) and the signs. We will start and end the BioBlitz at Baker Hall, 

and it will also be the central place for working with specimens, to do sorting and preliminary 

identifications. Please bring whatever you like to use to collect Diptera, but we will have some loaner 

gear available. 

Schedule. We are working on the schedule now. The basic schedule is: June 19: Morning Diptera 

Workshop. Noon--48-hour collecting period begins. Throughout afternoon and evening: various 

educational programs. June 20: Diptera BioBlitz collecting continues. Various educational programs, 

sorting and preliminary identification throughout the day. June 21: BioBlitz collecting ends at noon. 

Reconvene at Baker Hall for lunch, preliminary results, and raffle prizes (it's a free raffle for BioBlitz 

participants, so be sure to be there!) 

Needed. Would you consider leading a walk or giving a talk to the public to help increase the public's 

knowledge of Diptera (or other invertebrates) We can fit talks and walks into the schedule any time, 

any place. Do you have any extra gear you could bring We most likely will need extra nets, 

microscopes, GPS units. 

Sign-up. If you think you'll be able to attend, please contact the author, so you can be kept up-to-date 

as we get closer to the Bioblitz. If you are a professional Dipterist, please also contact Dr. Riley Nelson 

so he can discuss BioBlitz tactics with you. His contact info is: 

Dr. C. Riley Nelson 

Department of Biology, WIDB 401, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA 

telephone: 801-422-1345; fax: 801-422-0090, email: rileynelson@byu.edu 

Be sure to invite friends and colleagues – we want to make this a great BioBlitz! We have a website to 

learn more: http://www.nps.gov/grba/naturescience/great-basin-bioblitz.htm This is the fourth BioBlitz 

that Great Basin National Park is sponsoring, and the other three were successful scientific and 

educational endeavors. You can read more about the most recent BioBlitz in the park's resource 

management newsletter, The Midden: http://www.nps.gov/grba/parknews/midden.htm. 

Following are some photos from the 2011 BioBlitz. 

41 

(left) Retired entomologist Ken Kingsley helps a student with a field identification. 

(right) Nevada state entomologist Jeff Knight helps sort insects.

42 

(left) Park visitors learned about the world of insects at BioBlitz educational programs. 

(right) Graduate students assisted with the 2011 BioBlitz. 

And if you are interested in astronomy and have some extra time to spend at the park, the park's 

Astronomy Festival (http://www.nps.gov/grba/planyourvisit/2012-astronomy-festival.htm) will be held 

June 14-16, and the community Snake Valley Festival will be held June 15-17. 

*************************************** 

Informal annual North American Dipterists Society meeting 

Entomological Society of America 

Knoxville, Tennessee, November 11-14, 2012 

Keith Bayless 

Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, 

Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; kmbayles@ncsu.edu 

This year’s Entomological Society of America meeting in Knoxville will host a symposium for the 

North American Dipterists Society. This is a traditional, although unfortunately sporadic as of late, 

opportunity for Dipterists to share any aspect of the study of flies in a more casual setting, usually 

on Tuesday evening. NADS is a member symposium this year, as it was in 2010, so, along with a 

chance to discuss Society business, talks and presenters can be included in the official program. If 

any Dipterists are attending ESA and would like to give a talk, please send me an email. Successful 

past presentations have ranged from travelogues to research updates to reviews of various fly 

clades. If you would like your talk to be listed in the official program, please send me an email with 

the title and authors by May 11 th (Ed. – my bad, too late). Due to the informal nature of this event, 

I welcome talks after that date, up until the symposium starts, but they may not make it into the 

program. If you want to show a poster instead, send me an email and we might work it out. Hope 

to see you there.

*************************************** 

43 

First Announcement of the 2013 Field Meeting of the North American Dipterists Society 

(tentatively) June 10–13, 2013, in the Southeastern US 

Richard L. Brown 

Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, 

Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; moth@ra.msstate.edu 

The Mississippi Entomological Museum (MEM) at Mississippi State University, adjacent to Starkville, 

is pleased to host the 2013 meeting, tentatively scheduled for June 10–13 (Monday–Thursday). We 

have chosen this time because April-June and September-October have the highest overall insect 

activity. We are able to provide a laboratory equipped with microscopes and auditorium for 

presentations. The MEM includes about 70,000 specimens of Diptera, of which about 44,000 are 

identified to only family or order. Although small in size, the collection includes many high-quality 

specimens collected during the past 20 years in unique habitats of southeastern U.S. We will be able to 

provide transportation for field trips and going to restaurants for meals. 

Our museum is situated within minutes or hours of several unique habitats of the Southeast that have 

been poorly sampled for Diptera. We will supply state and federal collecting permits for these habitats, 

as well as permits for more distant locations in Alabama and coastal Mississippi. 

The Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (33°16'15"N 88°47'04"W), 12 miles south of the MEM, 

includes reservoirs, streams, and cypress sloughs (Fig. 1) along with bottomland and upland hardwood 

forests (Fig. 2). Previous surveys of ants and cerambycid beetles have shown that more than half of the 

state's known fauna of these taxa is present in Noxubee NWR. 

Figures 1–2. Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge. 

1. Cypress Slough. 2. Upland hardwood forest. 

The Tombigbee National Forest (33°13'49"N 88°59'20"W) is 25 miles south of the MEM. The terrain 

is deeply dissected and has rich mesic forests with spring seeps, small steams, and a gradient of habitats 

from ridge tops to bottoms of ravines.

44 

The Black Belt Prairie extends in a crescent shape from the Tennessee border across Mississippi and 

Alabama to Georgia. The Black Belt Prairie has been considered to be a reservoir of the prairie biota 

during the Wisconsian glaciation. The Osborn Prairie (Fig. 3), which is associated with chalk 

outcroppings (33°30'41"N 88°44'08"W), is one of the most pristine remnants of the Black Belt and is 

located eight miles from the MEM. The Osborn prairie, which is state owned, includes many species of 

plants and insects that have disjunct distributions from the Great Plains as well as four endemic species 

of moths and beetles, but more research on the Diptera fauna of this prairie is needed. Peak flowerings 

in the prairie occur during mid-June and mid-September. 

Figures 3–4. Prairies and glades. 

3. Osborn Prairie during September flowering peak. 4. Bibb County Glade Preserve, Alabama. 

A unique habitat, "The Cove," (33°36'47"N 89°24'34"W) is located about 25 miles from the MEM. The 

Weyerhauser Company has preserved this site because it is a biological island of rare and disjunct 

species. It’s a deep ravine with a small stream bordered by beeches and other plants not in the 

surrounding sweetgum-pine habitat. Diptera collected at this site include a disjunct species of Simulium, 

a new species of Richardiidae (Odontomera), and several species not widely occurring in Mississippi, 

e.g., Sphyracephala brevicornis (Diopsidae), Rivellia boscii and R. pallida (Platystomatidae), 

Calotarsa pallipes (Platypezidae), and Pelecocera pergandei and Merapioidus villosus (Syrphidae). 

The Bibb County Glade Preserve (Fig. 4) (33°03'28"N 87°02'21"W) in Alabama is within a two-hour 

drive of the MEM. This dolomite glades is adjacent to the Little Cahaba River and considered a 

botanical lost world after eight new taxa of plants were described from here in 2001. We have collected 

several disjunct species of moths at this location, and I suspect there are many interesting Diptera in this 

habitat. 

For those with transportation and additional time for field work, the coastal areas of Mississippi and 

Alabama offer many different habitats. In Mississippi, pitcher plant bogs and savannahs have a 

distinctive fauna of flies, and accommodations can be made in dormitories at the Gulf Coast Research 

Station or the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. In Alabama, the Bon Secour National 

Wildlife Refuge is one of my most favorite collecting locales, with lots of asilids and syrphids visiting 

flowers in the coastal sand dunes (Fig. 5) and other families associated with the wet swales between 

dunes (Fig. 6). The refuge has a guest house for researchers. In addition the nearby Weeks Bay National 

Estuarine Research Reserve has a dormitory for visiting researchers who want to sample marshes, 

pitcher plant bogs, and forests. These coastal areas are within 5–6 hours of driving time from Starkville.

45 

Figures 5–6. Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama. 

5. Coastal sand dunes. 6. Swale between dunes. 

Starkville is the typical college town with lots of restaurants, including the usual franchised locally 

owned ones, but also Peruvian, Middle Eastern, Thai, Japanese, and others, as well as the usual 

assortment of clubs. Accommodations in hotels range $75–95 a night. The Plymouth Bluff 

Environmental Education Center (25 miles from Starkville) has cabins at a moderate price. I can obtain 

reservations of dormitory rooms on the MSU campus for a lower price, but these cannot be made until 

the spring semester, 2012. 

Registration fees for this Field Meeting will be $30 for each participant, $15 for an accompanying 

person not involved in the meeting. This fee will cover the costs of a BBQ picnic and a rental van. 

Questions regarding arrangements, collecting locales, and other details for the 2013 Field Meeting can 

be addressed to the author, Richard Brown. We look forward to your attendance. 

*************************************** 

Tephritid meetings in Brisbane, Australia, February 2012 

Gary Steck 

Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 

Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville FL 32614, USA; gary.steck@freshfromflorida.com 

Two tephritid specialist meetings were held in Brisbane, Australia during February 2012. The first was 

an International Atomic Energy Agency-sponsored meeting of a coordinated research group of 

scientists addressing problems of cryptic species of pest fruit flies. Of particular concern to international 

commerce are Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly), Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit 

fly), and Ceratitis FAR (fasciventris, anonae, rosa) species complexes. Forty scientists, including 

taxonomists, molecular biologists, behaviorists, physiologists, and various other biological specialists 

from 17 countries presented and discussed findings pertinent to the subject of classification of these 

groups. Some background and details of the objectives of the research are available at 

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-nl-76.pdf.

46 

International Atomic Energy Agency-sponsored meeting participants. 

The second meeting was the 5th International Meeting on Taxonomy and Natural History of 

Tephritoidea, hosted by Dr. Dick Drew and Meredith Romig of Griffith University. Twenty-one 

participants attended, including several of those who attended the IAEA meeting. This group meets 

about once every 4 years. Previous meetings were held in the Great Smoky Mountains, USA (2008), 

Geneva, Switzerland (2004), Israel (2000), and Xalapa, Mexico (1998). The Brisbane meeting was 

followed by a short collecting trip to Lamington National Park. The Park is easily accessible from 

Brisbane and contains large areas of spectacular rain forest. Collecting, however, was not very fruitful. 

Neither tephritoids nor any other Diptera group were found in any abundance - apparently February is 

not a very good time of year for collecting. 

The collecting group at Cainbable Mountain Lodge, from left to right: Kyung-Eui Ro 

(South Korea), Xiao-lin Chen (China), Dick Drew (Australia), Ho-Yeon Han 

(South Korea), Severin Korneyev (kneeling) (Ukraine), Masahiro Sueyoshi (Japan), 

Gary Steck (USA), Valery Korneyev (Ukraine), and Denis Rodgers (Australia).

DIPTERA ARE AMAZING! 

47 

On our recent trip to Vietnam, Martin Hauser and I (Fly Times editor Steve Gaimari) collected lots of 

interesting flies! Here are some of the flies I photographed. Please send me your pictures for Fly Times 

- ideas include favorite taxa or those from a particular trip – as long as they are flies! Thanks very much 

to Valery Korneyev, Martin Hauser and Owen Lonsdale for many of the identifications! 

Gobrya sp. (Gobryidae) 

Callistomyia pavonina Bezzi (Tephritidae) 

Bactrocera sp. (Tephritidae) 

Teratomyzidae 

Lonchopteridae 

Vidalia sp. (Tephritidae)

48 

Paracelyphus hyacinthus Bigot (Celyphidae) 

Pachycerina sp/ (Lauxaniidae) 

Graptomyza sp/ (Syrphidae) 

Chrysopilus sp. (Rhagionidae) 

Campeprosopa longispina (Brunetti) (Stratiomyidae) 

Adapsilia sp/ (Pyrgotidae)

BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS 

49 

Zootaxa. As another update from Zootaxa statistics, it is noteworthy that of 23,086 taxa described in 

Zootaxa to date, 2981 were flies (that's 12.9%!) – second only to beetles (by

50 

Blagoderov, V., H. Hippa and A. Nel (2010) Parisognoriste, a new genus of Lygistorrhinidae 

(Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Oise amber with redescription of Palaeognoriste Meunier. 

ZooKeys 50: 79-90. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.50.506] 

Brake, I., and M. von Tschirnhaus (2010) Stomosis arachnophila sp. n., a new kleptoparasitic 

species of freeloader flies (Diptera, Milichiidae). ZooKeys 50: 91-96. [Open access at 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.50.505] 

Contreras-Ramos, A. (2010) Book review. Manual of Central American Diptera, Volume 1. 


Dikow, T. (2010) New species and new records of Mydidae from the Afrotropical and Oriental 

regions (Insecta, Diptera, Asiloidea). ZooKeys 64: 33-75. [Open access at 


Freeman, J. (2011) Tabanidae and other Diptera on Camel's Hump Vermont: Ecological 

Observations. ZooKeys 147: 559-576. [Open access at 


Gang, Y., D. Yang and N. Evenhuis (2011) Two new species of Tovlinius Zaitzev, from China, with 

a key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the world species (Diptera, 

Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini). ZooKeys 153: 73-80. [Open access at 


Gillung, J., and S. Winterton (2011) New genera of philopotine spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) 

with a key to living and fossil genera. ZooKeys 127: 15-27. [Open access at 


Grimaldi, D., A. Arillo, J. Cumming and M. Hauser (2011) Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in 

Cretaceous ambers, part IV: Significant New Orthorrhaphous Taxa. ZooKeys 148: 293-332. 

[Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1809] 

Kerr, P. (2011) Six new species of Acomoptera from North America (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). 


Krcmar, S. (2011) Preliminary list of horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Serbia. ZooKeys 117: 

73-81. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.117.1328] 

Krzeminski, W., and J. Prokop (2011) Ptychoptera deleta Novák, 1877 from the Early Miocene of 

the Czech Republic: redescription of the first fossil attributed to Ptychopteridae (Diptera). 


Kurina, O., K. Hedmark, M. Karström and J. Kjaerandsen (2011) Review of the European 

Greenomyia Brunetti (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) with new descriptions of females. ZooKeys 77: 


Kurina, O., E. Õunap and G. Ramel (2011) Baeopterogyna mihalyii Matile (Diptera, 

Mycetophilidae): association of sexes using morphological and molecular approaches with the 

first description of females. ZooKeys 114: 15-27. [Open access at 


Lambkin, C., and J. Bartlett (2011) Bush Blitz aids description of three new species and a new 

genus of Australian beeflies (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Exoprosopini). ZooKeys 150: 231-280. 

[Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1881] 

Liu, X., D. Yang and E. Nartshuk (2011) Species of the genus Thressa Walker, 1860 from China 

(Diptera, Chloropidae). ZooKeys 129: 29-48. [Open access at 


Lukashevich, E. and A. Przhiboro (2011) New Chironomidae (Diptera) with elongate proboscises 

from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia. ZooKeys 130: 307-322. [Open access at 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555]

Lyons, K., and T. Dikow (2010) Taxonomic revision of Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868 and 

Parectyphus Hesse, 1972 with a key to world Ectyphinae (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae). ZooKeys 

73: 25-59. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.73.840] 

Martinsson, S., and J. Kjaerandsen (2012) Katatopygia gen. n., a monophyletic branch segregated 

from Boletina (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). ZooKeys 175: 37-67. [Open access at 


Mathis, W., and L. Marinoni (2012) A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil. ZooKeys 

162: 59-92. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370] 

Mathis, W., and M. Sueyoshi (2011) New species of the genus Cyamops Melander from New 

Zealand (Diptera, Periscelididae, Stenomicrinae). ZooKeys 114: 28-40. [Open access at 


Mathis, W., and T. Zatwarnicki (2012) Revision of New World species of the shore-fly subgenus 

Allotrichoma Becker of the genus Allotrichoma with description of the subgenus Neotrichoma 

(Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini). ZooKeys 161: 1-101. [Open access at 


Mengual, X., and K. Ghorpadé (2010) The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera, 

Syrphidae). ZooKeys 33: 39-80. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.33.298] 

Mengual, X. (2011) Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, 

Syrphidae). ZooKeys 140: 1-26. [Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.140.1930] 

Mohamadzade Namin, S., and J. Nozari (2011) A new species of Urophora Robineau-Desvoidiy, 

1830 (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Iran. ZooKeys 152: 63-70. [Open access at 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.152.1911. 

Nihei, S., and R. Pavarini (2011) Taxonomic redescription and biological notes on Diaugia angusta 

(Diptera, Tachinidae): parasitoid of the palm boring weevils Metamasius ensirostris and M. 

hemipterus (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae). ZooKeys 84: 23-38. [Open access at 


Nihei, S., and R. Toma (2010) Taxonomic notes on Borgmeiermyia Townsend (Diptera, 

Tachinidae) with the first host record for the genus. ZooKeys 42: 101-110. [Open access at 


Salmela, J. (2012) Revision of Tipula (Yamatotipula) stackelbergi Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae), 

and a short discussion on subspecies among crane flies. ZooKeys 162: 43-58. [Open access at 


Takaoka, H., and W. Srisuka (2011) A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera: 

Simuliidae) from Chiang Mai, Thailand. ZooKeys 89: 57-70. [Open access at 


Takaoka, H., M. Sofian-Azirun, R. Hashim and Z. Ya'cob (2011) Two new species of Simulium 

(Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to Peninsular 

Malaysian members of the ceylonicum species-group. ZooKeys 118: 53-74. [Open access at 


Vikhrev, N. (2008) New data on distribution and biology of the invasive species Hydrotaea 

aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Muscidae). ZooKeys 4: 47-53. [Open access at 


Vikhrev, N. (2009) A new species of Coenosia Meigen (Diptera, Muscidae) from Kunashir Island. 


Vikhrev, N. (2010) Revision of the key characters for the Thricops nigrifrons species-group 

(Diptera, Muscidae). ZooKeys 71: 15-22. [Open access at 


51

52 

Vikhrev, N. (2011) Review of the Palaearctic members of the Lispe tentaculata species-group 

(Diptera, Muscidae): revised key, synonymy and notes on ecology. ZooKeys 84: 59-70. [Open 

access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.84.819] 

Vilkamaa, P., H. Hippa and S. Taylor (2011) The genus Camptochaeta in Nearctic caves, with the 

description of C. prolixa sp. n. (Diptera, Sciaridae). ZooKeys 135: 69-75. [Open access at 


Wang, M.-f., K. Li and D. Zhang (2011) Taxonomic review of the postica-group of Fannia 

Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Fanniidae) from China, with the description of one new species. 


Winterton, S., and S. Gaimari (2011) Revision of the South American window fly genus 

Heteromphrale Kröber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae). ZooKeys 84: 39-57. [Open access at 


Winterton, S., and B. Gharali (2011) Iranotrichia gen. n., a new genus of Scenopinidae (Diptera) 

from Iran, with a key to window fly genera of the world. ZooKeys 138: 75-92. [Open access at 


Winterton, S., and J. Gillung (2012) A new species of spider fly in the genus Sabroskya Schlinger 

from Malawi, with a key to Acrocerinae world genera (Diptera, Acroceridae). ZooKeys 171: 


Winterton, S. (2011) New species of Prepseudatrichia Kelsey, 1969 from Thailand (Diptera, 

Scenopinidae). ZooKeys 122: 39-44. [Open access at 


Winterton, S. (2011) Review of the stiletto fly genus Actenomeros Winterton & Irwin (Diptera, 

Therevidae, Agapophytinae). ZooKeys 120: 55-63. [Open access at 


Winterton, S. (2011) Revision of the stiletto fly genera Acupalpa Kröber and Pipinnipons 

Winterton (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) using cybertaxonomic methods, with a key to 

Australasian genera. ZooKeys 95: 29-79. [Open access at 


Winterton, S. (2012) Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of 

Panops Lamarck. ZooKeys 172: 7-75. [Open access at 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.172.1889 . 

Yang, D., and Y. Zhu (2011) Sinosciapus from Taiwan with description of a new species (Diptera, 

Dolichopodidae). ZooKeys 159: 11-18. [Open access at 


Yassin, A., and J. David (2010) Revision of the Afrotropical species of Zaprionus (Diptera, 

Drosophilidae), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the internal reproductive 

structures and immature stages. ZooKeys 51: 33-72. [Open access at 


Zhang, S.-J., J. Huang, H. Wu and Y.-P. Wang. (2010) The genus Keilbachia Mohrig from 

mainland China, with descriptions of two new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). ZooKeys 52: 47-56. 

[Open access at http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.52.362] 

Note from the editor: I usually accumulate the various citations to list here by scanning through the 

Zoological Record – since they are often 1 or 2 months behind, I surely missed some recent papers, but 

I want to thank Chris Borkent for giving me a compilation of papers from Web of Science – maybe that 

is more up to date! By inclusion, I am not attesting to quality (of course I haven’t read all of them)! In 

any case, I am bound to miss some of the things you might want to see, so by all means, please send me 

citations for papers (your own or those of others) that you would like to see here. I am happy to include

them! As a generality, I try to keep the focus either broad-based (e.g., large treatises) or of general 

interest. Of course there are many many more Diptera papers if you include developmental biology in 

Drosophila, issues surrounding malaria and other diseases and mosquitoes, and numerous other topics. 

Also, you authors out there - please don't be offended if I missed diacritics in your names! Zootaxa has 

them correctly, but Zoological Record removes them! 

Adler, P.H. and Y.T. Huang (2011). Integrated systematics of the Simuliidae (Diptera): evolutionary 

relationships of the little-known Palearctic black fly Simulium acrotrichum. Canadian 

Entomologist 143(6): 612-628. 

Alcock, J. (2011) Hilltopping by Palpada mexicana (Diptera: Syrphidae). Southwestern Naturalist 

56(3): 353-357. 

Alderman, J. (2012) The distance at which flying insects are detected as they approach swarming 

Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae). British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 

25(1): 7-13. 

Ale-Rocha, R., and G. Freitas (2011) Revision of the Neotropical genus Neoscutops Malloch (Diptera: 

Periscelididae). Zootaxa 3016. 1-28. [Open access at: 

http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/1/zt03016p028.pdf] 

Andrade, R. (2011) Observations on the behaviour of Ariasella lusitanica, Grootaert et al., 2009 

(Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) from Portugal. Bulletin de la Societe Royale Belge 

d'Entomologie 147(9-12): 241-250. 

Araujo, W.S. (2011). Size, age and composition: characteristics of plant taxa as diversity predictors of 

gall-midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Revista De Biologia Tropical 59(4): 1599-1607. 

Asokan, R., K.B. Rebijith, K. Singh Shakti, A.S. Sidhu, S. Siddharthan, K. Karanth Praveen, R. 

Ellango, and V.V. Ramamurthy (2011) Molecular identification and phylogeny of Bactrocera 

species (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist 94(4): 1026-1035. 

Autino, A.G., G.L. Claps, et al. (2011). Ectoparasitic insects (Diptera: Streblidae and Siphonaptera: 

Ischnopsyllidae) of bats from Iquitos and surrounding areas (Loreto, Peru). Memorias Do 

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 106(8): 917-925. 

Bar-Ness, Y.D., P.B. McQuillan, et al. (2012). Sampling forest canopy arthropod biodiversity with 

three novel minimal-cost trap designs. Australian Journal of Entomology 51: 12-21. 

Barr, N.B., M.S. Islam, et al. (2012). Molecular identification of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: 

Tephritidae) using DNA sequences of the COI barcode region. Annals of the Entomological 

Society of America 105(2): 339-350. 

Beckenbach, A.T. (2012). Mitochondrial genome sequences of Nematocera (Lower Diptera): Evidence 

of rearrangement following a complete genome duplication in a winter crane fly. Genome 

Biology and Evolution 4(2): 89-101. 

Bellis, G., and A. Dyce (2011) Marksomyia, a new subgenus of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: 

Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian biogeographic region with descriptions of two new 

species. Zootaxa 3014. 35-58. [Open access at: 


Billeter, S.A., D.T.S. Hayman, et al. (2012). Bartonella species in bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) 

from western Africa. Parasitology 139(3): 324-329. 

Blacket, M.J., L. Semeraro, et al. (2012). Barcoding Queensland Fruit Flies (Bactrocera tryoni): 

impediments and improvements. Molecular Ecology Resources 12(3): 428-436. 

Bland, K.P. (2011) Two new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) mining the leaves of Antennaria dioica 

in the Scottish Highlands and Northern Ireland. British Journal of Entomology and Natural 

History 24(3): 121-126. 

53

54 

Bomfim, Z.V., K.M. Lima, J.G. Silva, M.A. Costa and R.A. Zucchi (2011) A morphometric and 

molecular study of Anastrepha pickeli Lima (Diptera: Tephriidae). Neotropical Entomology 

40(5): 587-594. 

Borkent, A., and B.J. Sinclair. 2012. The male genital tract of Axymyiidae and Tanyderidae (Diptera). 

The Canadian Entomologist 144: 266-272. 

Borkent, A., and T. Ulmar Grafe (2012) The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo—from two to eleven 

species (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 3279: 1–45. [open access at 

http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/zt03279p045.pdf] 

Braun, S.E., J.P. Sanderson and S.P. Wraight (2012) Larval Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) 

potential for vectoring Pythium Root Rot pathogens. Phytopathology 102(3): 283-289. 

Bravo, F. and R.A. Barata (2012). A new species of Nemapalpus Macquart (Diptera, Psychodidae, 

Bruchomyiinae) from caverns in Minas Gerais State in southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3164: 

64-68. 

Brooks, S.E., and J.M. Cumming (2011) The New World genera of Parathalassiinae (Diptera: 

Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae s.l.), with new species of Thalassophorus and Eothalassius. 

Canadian Entomologist 143(5): 423-446. 

Brown, B.V. (2011). Taxonomic status of Macrocerides species (Diptera: Phoridae). Canadian 

Entomologist 143(6): 697-705. 

Brundage, A., S. Bros and J.Y. Honda (2011) Seasonal and habitat abundance and distribution of some 

forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Central California. Forensic 

Science International 212(1-3): 115-120. 

Bygebjerg, R. (2011) A new European species in the genus Melangyna Verrall, 1901. (Diptera: 

Syrphidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser 79(2): 143-151. 

Bygebjerg, R., T. Munk and J. Elnif (2011) Chyliza leguminicola Melander, 1920 (Diptera: Psilidae) 

new to the Palaearctic fauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser 79(2): 73-84. 

Cai, Y.-L., and G.-C. Liu (2012) A new species of the genus Phalacrotophora Enderlein (Diptera, 

Phoridae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 37(1): 203-205. 

Cannings, R.A. (2011). Efferia okanagana, a new species of robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) from the 

grasslands of southern British Columbia, Canada, with notes on taxonomy, biology, distribution, 

and conservation status. Canadian Entomologist 143(6): 578-593. 

Cao, H.L., X.L. Wang, et al. (2011). Phylogeny of the African and Asian Phortica (Drosophilidae) 

deduced from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and 

Evolution 61(3): 677-685. 

Capellari, R.S. and D.D. Amorim (2011). Mberu, a new neurigonine genus from southeastern Brazil 

(Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 3101: 38-46. 

Carew, M.E., S.E. Marshall and A.A. Hoffmann (2011) A combination of molecular and morphological 

approaches resolves species in the taxonomically difficult genus Procladius Skuse (Diptera: 

Chironomidae) despite high intra-specific morphological variation. Bulletin of Entomological 

Research 101(5): 505-519. 

Carvalho Filho, F. da S., and M.C. Esposito (2012) Revision of Argoravinia Townsend (Diptera: 

Sarcophagidae) of Brazil with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3256: 1-26. 

Cazorla, C.G. and G.R. Spinelli (2012). A revision of the Neotropical predaceous midges allied to 

Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) edwardsi Ingram & Macfie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with a 

phylogenetic analysis. Insect Systematics and Evolution 43(1): 67-97. 

Chen, H.-B., G.-S. Lian and C.-L. Zhang (2011) A faunal summary of Simulium (Montisimulium) with 

descriptions of five new species from China (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 3017. 51-68. [Open 

access at: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/1/zt03017p068.pdf]

55 

Chen, X., L. Zhou, S. Wang, Z. Li and J. Li (2011) A new species and record of Bactrocera Macquart 

(Diptera, Tephritidae) from China. Zootaxa 3014. 59-64. [Open access at: 


Choufani, J., D. Azar, V. Perrichot, C. Soriano, P. Tafforeau and A. Nel (2011) The genus Leptoconops 

Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Early Cretaceous Charentese amber. Palaeobiodiversity 

and Palaeoenvironments 91(4): 285-291. 

Christian, S., T. Helminger and V.A. Korneyev (2011) The first record of a fruit fly (Diptera: 

Tephritidae) from Luxembourg. Ukrainska Entomofaunistika 2(5): 12. 

Coher, E.I. (2011) A new genus and species of North American Robsonomyiini (Diptera: Sciaroidea: 

Keroplatidae: Macrocerinae) from the Florida Keys. Insecta Mundi 0198: 1-6. 

Copeland, R.S., A.H. Kirk-Spriggs, S. Muteti, W. Booth and B.M. Wiegmann (2011) Rediscovery of 

the 'terrible hairy fly', Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae), in eastern 

Kenya, with notes on biology, natural history, and genetic variation of the Ukasi Hill 

population. African Invertebrates 52(2): 363-390. 

Copeland, R.S., E. Nkubaye, et al. (2012). The diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera) associated with 

Hydrilla verticillata (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae) and other aquatic macrophytes in Lake 

Tanganyika, Burundi. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105(2): 206-224. 

Cordeiro, D., F. Bravo, et al. (2011). Taxonomy of Brazilian Psychoda Latreille, 1796 (Diptera, 

Psychodidae) with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa(3101): 1-37. 

Couri, M.S., and V.R. de Sousa (2011) A new Cyrtoneuropsis Malloch from Brazil (Diptera, 

Muscidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55(4): 565-567. 

Cranston, P.S., and M. Krosch (2011) Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch, a new genus of 

Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from South America. Neotropical Entomology 40(5): 

560-567. 

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characterization and distribution of sensilla on maxillary palpi of six Bactrocera fruit flies 

(Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist 94(3): 379-388. 

Zhang, J.F., and H.J. Li (2012). New taxa of snipe flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Rhagionidae) in the 

Daohugou Biota, China. Paleontological Journal 46(2): 157-163. 

Zhang, K., D. Yang and D. Ren (2011) A new brachyceran family Origoasilidae fam. nov. from the Late 

Mesozoic of China (Insecta: Diptera). Acta Geologica Sinica English Edition 85(5): 994-997. 

Zhang, N.-N., Q.-E. Ji and J.-H. Chen (2012) A new species of the genus Bactrocera Macquart from 

China (Diptera, Tephritidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 37(1): 206-208.

68 

Zhang, N.-N., Q.-E. Ji, J.-Q. Yang and J.-H. Chen (2011) A new species of the genus Bactrocera 

Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from China. Entomotaxonomia 33(4): 262-266. 

Zhang, X., Y. Li and D. Yang (2012) Species of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from Taiwan (Diptera, 

Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3247: 32-42. 

Zhao, Z., C.-T. Zhang and X.-L. Chen (2012) A new species of the genus Kuwanimyia Townsend 

(Diptera: Tachinidae) from Zhanjiang, China. Zootaxa 3238: 57-63.

69 

SUBMISSION FORM 

DIRECTORY OF NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERISTS 

For those who have not yet sent in a synopsis of their interests for the Directory of North America 

Dipterists, the following form is provided. Please restrict yourselves to no more than 20 words when 

listing the titles of your major projects and the animals you work with. Should any of you like to expand 

or modify your entries from the last list, use the form to indicate the changes. 

The information can be emailed, or the form completed and faxed or sent to the following address: 

Dr. James O’Hara 

Invertebrate Biodiversity 

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 

K.W. Neatby Building, C.E.F. 

Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA, K1A 0C6 

FAX: (613) 759-1927 

Email: James.OHara@agr.gc.ca 

*************************************** 

Full name: _____________________________________________________________________ 

Address: _______________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________ Telephone: _________________________________ 

FAX: _____________________________ Email: _____________________________________ 

Projects and taxa studied: ________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________

Fly Times Issue 48, April 2012 - North American Dipterists Society

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