Family 65. URTICACEAE 1. Astrothalamus C Robinson Marianas ...

Family 65. URTICACEAE 

Revisions: 

Robinson, CB. 1911. Philippine Urticaceae. Philippine Journal of Science 5, no. 6, sect. C 

(Botany) 445-543; idem. 6, no. 4, sect. C (Botany) 299-314; idem. 6, No. 1, sect. C 

(Botany) 1-33, 3 fig. 

Johns, RJ. 1988. Urticaceae. The Flowering Plants of Papuasia, Dicotyledons, 2: 7-57. 

Yang, YP, BL Shih & HY Liu. 1996. Urticaceae. Flora of Taiwan ed. 2, 2: 197-257. 

1. Astrothalamus C Robinson 

Astrothalamus reticulatus (Wedd.) C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 19, pl. 3; --Merr., EPFP 

2 (1923) 98. 

Maoutia () planitora C Robinson, PJS 3c (1908) 180. –Type: RS Williams 2079 (cited by Robinson, loc. 

cit.). Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River, 31 Jan 1905. 

Marianas, Borneo (Sarawak), MINDANAO: Zamboanga (San Ramon; Sax River). Low 

altitude thickets. 

2. Boehmeria Jacquin 

Boehmeria beyeri C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 309; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 89. –Type: BS 

13540 Bayer (NY*, syntype). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Bila, May 1911 

LUZON: Ifugao, Benguet (Mt Sto Tomas). Mossy forests, altitude up to 1900m. 

Boehmeria celebica Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 217; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 89. 

Java, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo). Thickets along 

streams, up to 1200m. 

Boehmeria cypholophoides Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 368; EPFP 2 (1923) 90. –Type: Wenzel 

35 (US*, iso). Leyte: Dagami, forested foothills, altitude c. 60m, 20 May 1913. 

LEYTE. Low altitude forests. 

Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechy’s Voy. (1841) 217; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

90; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 199. 

S China, Ryukyus, Taiwan and Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ifugao, Mountain 

Province, Benguet. Open slopes, altitude 500-1200m. 

Boehmeria heterophylla Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 351; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 90. 

–Type: Cuming 1561 (cited by Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 3). Mindoro. 

Boehmeria blumei Wedd., in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 204; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 89. –Type: Cuming 731 

(cited by Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) 2). Luzon: Pampanga or Bulacan prov. 

N LUZON to MINDANAO. Thickets, damp ravines, and forests, sea-level up to an 

altitude of c. 1000m. 

Boehmeria multiflora C Robinson, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 179, --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 90. –Type: 

RS Williams 1088 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 10 Jun 1904. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva 

Ecija. Open slopes and thickets, altitude 600-1200m. 

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich., Bot. Freyc. Voy. (1826) 499; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 90.

var. nivea 

Native of S China, now cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. BATAN, 

BABUYAN ISLS, native or naturalized, occasionally planted in other parts of the 

Philippines. Ramie. 

var. tanacissima (Gaudich.) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 2 (1858-59) 253; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 90. 

India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Java. 

According to Merrill, hardly distinguishable from the preceding. 

Boehmeria platyphylla D Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 60; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 91. 

Africa to India, China, Japan, Malaya, and tropical Australia. LUZON: Apayao, Laguna. 

Low and medium altitude thickets, open places, etc. 

Boehmeria ruprestris C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 5; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 91. –Type: 

BS 5542 Ramos (cited by Robinson, loc. cit.). Luzon: Benguet prov., La Trinidad, Rio Trinidad 

(=Balili River). 

LUZON: Benguet. Rocks along streams, altitude c. 1300m. 

Boehmeria villosa C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 3; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 91. –Type: BS 

3574 Fenix, erroneously cited ‘3754’ by Robinson & Merrill (NY*, iso). Batan: Sto Domingo de 

Basco, 27 May 1907. 

SABTAN, BATAN. Habitat not noted. 

Boehmeria zollingeriana Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 201; --Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 

381; EPFP 2 (1923) 91. –Type from Java. 

Taiwan, Philippines, Java. LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Nagapatan; Bangui), Pangasinan 

(Umingan). Low and medium altitude ravines and open slopes, ascending to c. 550m. 

3. Chamabainia Wight 

Chamabainia cuspidata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 6 (1853) 11, t. 1981; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

91; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 202. 

Sri Lanka, SW China, Taiwan. SE Asia. LUZON: Mountain Province (Mt Data), Benguet 

(Mt Pulag), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Mossy forests, grassy montane summits, 

cliffs, etc. altitude 1700m to 2800m. 

4. Cypholophus Weddell 

Cypholophus brunneolus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 896; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 93. –Type: Elmer 

11641 (MO*, NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods at 4000ft, 

Sept 1909. 

Philippines, Borneo. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, PANAY, NEGROS: Negros 

Occidental (Mt Kanlaon), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Shaded ravines, mossy forests, 

etc., altitude 600-2400m. 

Cypholophus microphyllus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 895; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 93. –Type: Elmer 

11588 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, NY, 2 sheets*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, 

Todaya, seepage ledges along Cati Creek at 6000ft, Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Altitude c. 1800m. 

Cypholophus moluccanus (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869) 305; --Merr.,

EPFP 2 (1923) 93; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 202. 

Taiwan, Lanyu, Micronesia, Hawaii, Malesia: Sumatra and the Philippines. LUZON: 

Mountain Province to Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO. 

Damp forested ravines, low altitudes to 1500m. 

5. Debregeasia Gaudichaud 

Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 235 24 ; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

95; --Urtica longifolia Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 297. –Type from India. 

Debregeasia angustifolia C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 18. –Type: RS Williams 1551 (US*, iso). Luzon: 

Benguet prov., Baguio. 

Debregeasia luteocarpa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2843. –Type: Elmer 14068 (L*, MO*, NA*, NY*, U*, US*, iso). 

Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Oct 1912. 

India to China, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Abra (Mt Paraga), Kalinga 

(Balbalasang), Mountain Province (Bauco), Ifugao, Benguet (Mt Pulag; Mt Sto Tomas; 

Baguio; Imugan-Nozo Trail), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilonghilong]). 

Common in thickets, ravines, and in damp forests, altitude 1000-2000m. Note: 

Iso sheets at L & MO annotated by Wilmot-Dear as D. velutina Gaudich. in 1987. 

6. Dendrocnide Miquel 

Revision: 

Chew, WL. 1965. Laportea and allied genera (Urticaceae). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 21: 201- 

208. 

Chew Wee Lek, 1969. A monograph of Dendrocnide (Urticaceae). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 

25: 1-104. 

Dendrocnide carriana Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 45, Fig. 17. --Type from Papua New 

Guinea. 

NE New Guinea (Papua), Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Lombok, Timor), 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Yagaw, PNH 18933 Conklin, A, L, PNH). 

Dendrocnide crassifolia (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 203; ibid. 25 (1969) 46, 

Fig. 5; --Laportea crassifolia C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 480; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73. – 

Type: FB 3925 Hutchinson (US*, holo; iso in K, NY*). Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., 

Mataline Falls 

Talaud Isls(), and the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis, Lanao, Davao Oriental (Mt 

Mayo). In thickets, 400-800m. 

Dendrocnide densiflora (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 203; ibid. 25 (1969) 24, 

Fig. 7; --Laportea densiflora C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 479; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73. 

--Type: Hallier 7414 (iso in L*, NY*). Mindanao: Zamboanga prov., San Ramon. 

Laportea subpeltata C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 485; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 75. --Type: FB 4586 

Hutchinson (iso in NY*, US*). Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., Mt Malindang. 

NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Lake Balinsasayao), CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga 

(San Ramon), Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang). Thickets and forests, low altitudes to 

c. 1000m. 

Dendrocnide elliptica (Merr.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 203; ibid. 25 (1969) 16, Fig. 4; -- 

Laportea elliptica Merr., J. Arn. Arb. 35 (1954) 135. --Type (lectotype) from Sabah. 

Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan) and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Ifugao prov. (Banawe, PNH 80485 Conklin & Buwaya, L).

Dendrocnide luzonensis (Wedd.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 203; ibid. 25 (1969) 40, Fig. 

15; --Laportea luzonensis (Wedd.) Warb., Perkins Frag. Fl. Philip. (1905) 168; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73; --Laportea c 

(1856) 133. --Type: Cuming 522 (iso in CGE, G, G-DC, K, L*, M, MEL, MO, UPS). Locality not 

known. 

Laportea agusanensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2860; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. --Type: Elmer 14019 (iso 

in BO, E, F, L*, MO, US). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]. 

Laportea latilanceolata Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3238, not validly published; no Latin description. --Type: Elmer 

15206 (iso in A, BO, C, F, FI, K, L*, MO, S, U, UC, US, Z) 

var. luzonensis 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Benguet, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon (Mt 

Bulusan), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). Forested 

valleys, usually near streams, low altitudes to 1700m 

var. anacardioides (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 42; --Dendrocnide 

anacardioides (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 202; --Laportea anacardioides 

C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 478; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. --Type: Williams 2766 (iso 

in NY, 2 sheets*, US*). Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Sta Cruz. 

LUZON: Rizal (San Andres), MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Sta Cruz). Low altitudes. 

Dendrocnide meyeniana (Walp.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 204; ibid. 25 (1969) 21, 

Fig. 6; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 204; --Laportea meyeniana (Walp.) Warb., 

Perkins Frag. Fl. Philip. (1905) 168; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 181; EPFP 2 (1923) 73; --Urtica 

meyeniana Walp., Nov Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 422. --Type: 

Dendrocnide diffusa (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 203; --Laportea diffusa C Robinson, 

PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 482; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73. --Type: FB 5149 Curran (iso in NY*, US*). 

Luzon: Tarlac prov. 

Laportea gaudichaudiana Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9 (1856) 137. --Type: Cuming 567 (CGE, K). 

Without locality. 

Laportea leytensis C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 484; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73. --Type: Elmer 7351 

(iso in A, BO, E, FI, K, NY* ). Leyte: Palo. 

forma meyeniana 

Taiwan, Lutao and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Benguet, Pangasinan (Umingan), Tarlac, Laguna, MINDORO (Baco River), 

GUIMARAS, LEYTE (Palo). Thickets, light forests, sandy river beds at low and medium 

altitudes. 

forma subglabra (Hayata) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 22. 

Dendrocnide batanensis (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 202; --Laportea batanensis C 

Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 481; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. --Type: BS 3719 Fenix (NY*, US, 

iso). Batan Is. 

Laportea mindanaensis Warb. in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1905) 168; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. --Type: 

Warburg 14702 (iso in NY*). Mindanao: Taumu 

Dendrocnide platyphylla (Merr.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 205; --Laportea platyphylla Merr., PJS 11 

c (1916) Bot. 176; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. --Type: BS 24274 Ramos (iso in US*). Samar: 

Catubig River 

S Taiwan and the Philippines. 

BATAN, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sorsogon, POLILLO, CATANDUANES, MINDORO: 

Mindoro Oriental (Mt Yagaw), PANAY: Aklan (Libacao), SAMAR (Catubig River at San 

Jose, Pinipisakan and Palapag), JOLO, MINDANAO: Taumu (where is this Warburg 

locality). Thickets and forests, along small streams at low and medium altitudes. 

Dendrocnide rigidifolia (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 205; ibid. 25 (1969) 26, 

Fig. 8; --Laportea rigidifolia C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 483; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. – 

Type: RS Williams 991 (iso in BO, E, F, L, NY, 2 sheets*, US*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Sto 

Tomas. 

LUZON: Benguet (Sablan; Mt Sto Tomas). Mossy forest, c. 2000m on Mt Sto Tomas,

medium altitudes in Sablan. 

Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 206; ibid. 25 (1969) 11, Fig. 2. 

Laportea gracilipes Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 876; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 73. --Type: Elmer 10499 (PNH, holo, 

lost; iso in A, BO, E, F, G, K, L*, MO*, NY (2sheets)*, WRSL, US*, Z). Mindanao: Davao del Sur 

prov., Mt Apo. 

Laportea brunnea Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 298; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. --Type: BS 17559 Ramos (K, 

US). 

Laportea lanaensis C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 483. --Type: Clemens 462 (F, M). Mindanao: Lanao del 

Sur prov., Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley 

Dendrocnide stenophylla (Quisumb.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 206; --Laportea stenophylla Quisumb., PJS 41 (193 

Hainan, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, 

Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Lombok), Anambas, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan), 

Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Buru). 

LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Sorsogon, SAMAR (Cauayan Valley), MINDANAO: Lanao 

del Sur (Camp Keithley), Davao del Sur (Mt Apo), Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo), Agusan. 

Primary and secondary forests, thickets, near sea level to 1200m. 

Dendrocnide subclausa (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 206; ibid. 25 (1969) 

28, Fig. 9; --Laportea subclausa C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 486; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. 

--Type: Merrill 6290 (iso in K, NY*, US*). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Makiling. 

Laportea pendula Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 270; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. --Type: BS 30229 Ramos 

(iso in K, US*). Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, along small streams in damp forests, altitude c. 

200m, 21 Nov 1917. 

LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano; Palanan), Laguna (Mt Makiling), Camarines, Sorsogon 

(Mt Bulusan), CATANDUANES (Mt Mariguidon), PANAY: Capiz (Jamindan), 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Tungao). Lowland forests, usually along streams, 

ascending to 800m. 

Dendrocnide venosa (Elmer) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 207; ibid. 25 (1969) 30, Fig. 10; 

--Laportea venosa Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 878; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 75. --Type: Elmer 11948 

(A, BO, E, F, FI, K, L*, MO*, NY (2 sheets)*, US*, WRSL, Z). Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Mt 

Apo. 

Laportea monticola Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 299; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 74. --Type: BS 19765 RC 

Laportea triplinervia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 300; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 75. --Type: BS 19462 Ramos 

(iso in L*, US*). Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Pular. 

Laportea conduplicata Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3237, not validly published; no Latin description. --Type: Elmer 

17152 (A, BO, C, F, FI, K, L*, MO*, NY*, S, U*, UC, US*, Z). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), Quezon (Mt Pular), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), NEGROS: 

Negros Oriental (Lake Balinsasayao), MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Low 

montane to montane mossy forests, 400-2000m. 

McGregor (iso in US*). 

Distemon Wedd.1857 non Bouche 1844 =Neodistemon 

7. Elatostema JR & G Forster 

Revision: 

Schröter, H. 1935-36. Feddes Repert. Beih. 83, 1-2 (1935-36) 

Elatostema acrophilum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 523; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78. –Type: 

BS 6577 Robinson (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw, summit area, Jan 1909. 

LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, CATANDUANES (BS 75410 Ramos & Edaño, 

SING). Lower montane to high-montane mossy forests, altitude 1000-2100m.

Elatostema acuminatissimum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 375; EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: BS 29015 

Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Umiray, 2 Jun 1917. 

LUZON: Quezon (Umiray). Low altitude damp forest along streams. 

Elatostema agusanense Elmer, LPB 8 (1908) 2845; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: Elmer 

14250 (GH*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Aug 

1912. 

LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilonghilong]). 

Forested ravines along small streams at médium altitudes. 

Elatostema angustatum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 533, erroneously as ‘523’ in --Merr., 

EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: FB 3266 Ahern’s collector (cited by Robinson, loc. cit.). Luzon: Rizal 

prov., Bosoboso. 

Elatostema camiguinense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2849. –Type: Elmer 14227 (GH*, US*, iso). Camiguin: 

Mambajao, Nov 1912. 

LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO. Along streams in shaded ravines at 

low and medium altitude. 

5. Elatostema antonii Elmer, LPB 8 (1908) 2847; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: Elmer 13894 

(MO*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong] (=Mt Hilonghilong), 

Sept 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). Boulders in densely 

shaded ravines along streams, altitude c. 900m, 

Elatostema apoense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 885; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: Elmer 11793 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Dense forests, altitude c. 1200m. According to Merrill, 

near E hookerianum Wedd. 

(MO*, US*, iso). Minda 

Elatostema appendiculatum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 379; EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: BS 29129 

Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Tulaog, along small streams in damp forests 

at low altitude, 25 May 1917. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mt Tulaog). Low altitude forests along streams. 

Elatostema banahaense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 526, --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: 

BS 9856 Robinson (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw, altitude 1500m, Mar 1910. 

Elatostema scriptum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 529; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: BS 9766 

Robinson (cited by Robinson, loc. cit.). Luzon: Laguna (Mt Banahaw). On rocks in forests, altitude 

c. 800m. 

Elatostema carinoi WR Shaw ex C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 532; ibid. 6 c (1911) Bot. 307. –Type: Phil. 

Normal Sch. 428 Cariño.(cited by Robinson, loc. cit.). Luzon: Benguet: Baguio. 

Elatostema bulusanense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3227. –Syntypes: Elmer 16172 (A*, MO*, US*), 15575 (MO*, 

US*), 16399 (GH*, MO*, US*). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Kiangan), Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan (Gonzaga, BS 

78627 Edano, SING), Laguna (Mt Makiling; Mt Banahaw), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Katugasan, PNH 21834, SING), SIQUIJOR, MINDANAO: 

Zamboanga. Damp forests at medium and higher altitudes, ascending to 2100m in the 

mossy forest on high mountains. 

Elatostema baruringense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 890; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 79. –Type: Elmer 

10916 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: GH*, MO, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Jun 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Dense forests, altitude c. 1200m. 

Elatostema benguetense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 539; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 80. – 

Type: FB 5006 Curran. Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Tonglon (=Sto. Tomas). 

LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province (Mt Data), Benguet (Pauai; Mt Pulag; Mt Sto

Tomas), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon, PNH 3572 Edano), NEGROS: Negros 

Occidental (Mt Kanlaon, PNH 21963 Edano) Mossy forests, altitude 1800-2300m. 

Elatostema bontocense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 371; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 80. –Type: BS 37660 

Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Polis, on tree trunks in the mossy 

forest, 25 Feb 1920. 

LUZON: Mountain Province. Mossy forests, altitude 1800m. 

Elatostema brongniartianum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv 1 (1854) 190; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

80. –Type: Cuming 629. Luzon: Laguna prov., Calauan. 

Elatostema rupicolum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3233. –Type: Elmer 18000 (GH*, MO*, US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna 

prov., Mt Makiling, Jun-Jul 1917. 

N LUZON to MINDANAO. On rocks, cliffs, and banks of shaded ravines at medium 

altitudes, in Luzon ascending to 1400m. 

Elatostema brunneolus Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3219. –Type: Elmer 22102 (B*, GH*, MO*, US*, iso). 

Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May 1927. 

LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo), NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns, PNH 

7332 Edano) 

Elatostema brunonianum Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 318, t. 2; --Type: BS 49401 Ramos & Edaño 

(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso possibly in UC). Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Mayo, trunk 

epiphyte in mossy forest, altitude c. 1300m. 

MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo), trunk epiphyte in mossy forest, 1300m. Known 

only from the type. 

Elatostema buderi H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 6; --ibid. 103. –Type: 

MINDORO. 

Elatostema capizense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 372; EPFP 2 (1923) 80. –Type: BS 30748 Ramos & 

Edaño (US*, iso). Panay: Aklan prov., Mt Macosolon (=Magosolon), boulders along small streams 

in damp forests at low altitude, 19 Apr 1918. 

PANAY: Aklan (Mt Magosolon). Low altitude forests along stream. 

Elatostema catalonanum H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28, in obs., nomen; --ibid. 

113. 

Elatostematoides mindanaense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 502; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 88. –Type: 

Copeland 935 (staminate), 936 (pistillate), cited by Robinson, loc. cit. Mindanao: Davao del Sur 

prov., Catalunan. 

MINDANAO (Davao). In forests at medium altitudes. 

Elatostema catanduanense Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 271; EPFP 2 (1923) 80. –Type: BS 30555 

Ramos (US*, iso). Catanduanes: Sto Domingo River, on stones along small streams in forests at 

low altitudes, 5 Dec 1917. 

CATANDUANES. Rupicolous in low altitude forested streams. 

Elatostema cheirophyllum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 518; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 80. 

–Type: Whitford 1595 (US*, iso). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Himugaan River, May 1906. 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Banks and boulders along 

streams in shaded ravines at medium altitude. 

Elatostema contiguum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 536; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 80. –Type: 

BS 9479 Robinson. Luzon: Quezon prov., Mahabang Sugsugan River. 

LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Camarines. Shaded stream embankments at medium

altitudes. 

Elatostema delicatulum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv 1 (1854) 190; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 80. – 

Type: 

Elatostema delicatum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 467. –Type: Elmer 10343 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: GH*, MO*, US*). 

Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Jun 1908. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Rizal, Laguna, PANAY, NEGROS. On rocks and ledges in 

shaded stream beds at low and medium altitudes. 

Elatostema discolor C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 301; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. –Type: BS 

13475 Ramos (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, in ravines, altitude c. 1400m, May 1911. 

LUZON: Ifugao, Benguet. Forests at or above 1400m altitude. 

Elatostema diversilimbum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 378; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. –Type: Merrill 

9127 (US*, iso).Mindanao: Zamboanga: Mtns back of Zamboanga, damp shaded ravines along 

small streams on banks and ledges, altitude 200-400m, 6 Dec 1911. 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga. On banks and ledges in damp, shaded ravines, altitude 200- 

400m. 

Elatostema edanoi Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 374; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81 (‘edañoii’). –Type: BS 

trunks in forests along streams, altitude c. 1300m, 17 Feb 1920. 

LUZON: Kalinga. In forests, altitude c. 1300m. 

37603 Ramos & Edaño 

Elatostema edule C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 531; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81; --Yang, et al., 

Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 206, pl. 103. –Type: 

Lanyu, Lutao. N Philippines. 

BATAN. Along streams, ravines and moist forest floor. 

Elatostema elmeri Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81; --Elatostema pictum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2850, non 

Hallier f. –Type: Elmer 13484. Check protologue 

LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. About boulders in forests, altitude c. 

1200m. 

Elatostema euphlebium Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 531; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. –Type: BS 

1800m, 10 Mar 1920. 

LUZON: Mountain Province. Forested slopes, altitude c. 1800m. 

37765 Ramos & Edaño 

Elatostema falcifolium H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 102. –Type: 

PANAY. 

Elatostema ferrugineum (Merr.) Co, comb. nov; --Polychroa ferruginea Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 

381; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 77. –Type: BS 38781 Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Mindanao: 

Bukidnon prov., Mt Candoon, in forests, altitude c. 1000m, 27 Jul 1920. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Candoon). Forests, altitude c. 1000m. 

Elatostema filicaule C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 516; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. –Type: 

Merrill 6621 (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Pauai, mossy forest, altitude c. 2100m, May 1909. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Pauai; Mt Sto Tomas). Mossy forests, altitude 1900- 

2300m. 

Elatostema gitingense Elmer, LPB 8 (1908) 2852; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. –Type: Elmer 12421 

(US*, iso). Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, May 1910. 

SIBUYAN (Mt Giting-giting), PANAY (Antique). On cliffs and in wet soil along small

streams in shaded ravines, altitude 250-500m. 

Elatostema glaucescens Wedd., Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 325; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81. 

LUZON: Benguet, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Bulacan (Norzagaray), Rizal (Jalajala), 

Laguna (Calauan; Los Baños; Mt Makiling), PANAY. Chiefly on mossy boulders and 

cliffs in shaded stream beds at low and médium altitudes; in places ascending to 1200m. 

--Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1964) 540. 

Elatostema glomeratum C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 302; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: 

Merrill 7642 (TAIF*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, on wet ledges in ravine. 

LUZON: Benguet (Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas). Wet ledges, shaded ravines, and in the 

mossy forest, altitude 1400-1900m. 

Elatostema gracilifolium Merr., PJS 13 c (1908) Bot. 8; EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: BS 26428 

Ramos & Edaño. Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan, on rocks in forests, 18 Aug 1916. 

LUZON: Nueva Ecija (Mt Umingan). On rocks in forests. 

Elatostema gracilipes (C Robinson) H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 3, 18; --ibid. 

114.b; --Elatostematoides gracilipes C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 503; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

87. –Type: Merrill 5269 (NY*, US*, iso). Bucas Grande, 4 Oct 1906 

BUCAS GRANDE. Cliffs in shaded ravines at low altitudes. 

Elatostema halconense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 540; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: 

Merrill 5786 (US*, iso). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, ridge forest, altitude 750m. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Forested ridges, altitude c. 750m. 

Elatostema hastatum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 466; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: Elmer 9829 

(GH*, MO*, US*, iso). Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Apr 1908. 

PANAY, NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns), MINDANAO: Agusan. Damp 

forests, altitude c. 1200m. 

Elatostema heterophyllum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 517; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. – 

Type: Merrill 6911 (US*, iso). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Mt Kanlaon, Apr 1910. 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon). In forests on cliffs and in damp shaded 

ravines, altitude 900-1320m. 

Elatostema holophyllum Merr., PJS 11 c (1910) Bot. 5; EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: BS 23329 

Aug 1915. 

L:UZON: Nueva Ecija, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES. On boulders in shaded ravines at 

medium altitudes, epiphytic in the mossy forests. 

Ramos (US*, iso). Luzo 

Elatostema inaequifolium Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 877; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. –Type: Elmer 

11545 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). On wet rocks along streams, altitude c. 1800m. 

Elatostema integrifolium (Don) Wedd. in DC Prod. 16 1 (1869) 179; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 82. 

India to Java. PALAWAN, LEYTE (Ormoc, Mt Lamban, PNH 12145 Edano, SING), 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Pagantocan, PNH 13488 Añonuevo, SING). Damp forests at 

medium altitudes. 

Elatostema iridense Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 320, t. 3. --Type: BS 48515 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, 

holo, possibly lost; iso possibly in UC). Luzon: Rizal prov., Mt Irid. On rocks in damp forest, altitude c. 700m. 

LUZON: Rizal (Mt Irid). Only known from the type collection.

Elatostema kalingaense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 376; EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: BS 37493 Ramos & 

Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Kalinga prov., Mt Masingit, near Lubuagan, on boulders or ledges along 

streams, altitude c. 1200m, 16 Feb 1920. 

LUZON: Kalinga. Boulders along streams, altitude c. 1200m. 

Elatostema lagunense Merr. ex C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 527; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

83. –Type: Merrill 5118 (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños, 12 Mar 1906. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Kiangan), Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna (Los Baños; Mt Makiling), 

Quezon (Mt Binuang; Lucban), MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley). Damp 

shaded ravines along small streams at low and medium altitudes, ascending to 1000m in 

wet forests. 

Elatostema lanaense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 528; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: 

MS Clemens 405. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Camp Keithley. 

Mindanao: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley). Shaded ravines, altitude c. 700m. 

Elatostema lignosum Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 377; EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: Merrill 9697 (US*, iso). 

Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio. In shaded places about limestone boulders, altitude c. 1400m. 

LUZON: Benguet (Baguio), on limestone boulders, altitude c. 1400m. 

Elatostema lingua H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 112. –Type: 

SAMAR, MINDANAO. 

Elatostema longifolium Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 189; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 83. 

–Type: Cuming 456. Luzon: Laguna prov., Calauan. 

LUZON: Nuev a Vizcaya (Mt Umuguen), Laguna (Los Baños; Calauan), Quezon, 

MINDANAO. Forests at medium altitudes. 

Elatostema longipedunculatum Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 886; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: 

Elmer 11593 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao. On seepage slopes and ledges, altitude c. 1800m. 

Elatostema lutescens C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 304; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: 

Merrill 7643 (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio and vicinity, in ravines, May 1911. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Benguet (Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas, Sablan). Shaded cliffs, thickets, 

and in the mossy forests, altitude 1000-1900m. 

Elatostema luzonense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 512; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: 

BS 6135 Robinson (US*, iso). Luzon: Rizal prov., Montalban, 1 Aug 1908. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Pampanga (Mt Arayat), Rizal, Laguna, 

Camarines, PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan), PANAY. Common on wet cliffs, banks of 

ravines, etc., from sea level to at least 1200m. 

Elatostema macgregorii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 373; EPFP 2 (1923) 83. –Type: BS 32396 RC 

PANAY: Antique (Culasi, 4 collections cited in the original protologue). Damp forests, 

altitude 800-1300m. 

McGregor (US*, iso). P 

Elatostema manillense Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 189; --H Schröter, Fedde Repert. 

Beih. 83 ii (1936) 100; --Elatostematoides manillense (Wedd.) C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 

501; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 87. –Type: Cuming 786. 

BATAN, LUZON: Cagayan, Quezon, POLILLO, PANAY: Antique, Capiz, LEYTE, 

MINDANAO: Misamis, Bukidnon, Agusan. Low and médium altitude forests.

Elatostema merrillii C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 305; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. –Type: 

places along trail at c. 1800m, May 1911. 

LUZON: Benguet. Forests, altitude 1800m. 

Merrill 7647 (MO*, US* 

Elatostema microphyllum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 286; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. –Type: Elmer 

9149 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, US*). Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, May 1907. 

Elatostema maquilingense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3229. –Syntypes: Elmer 17636 (GH*, MO*, US*), 18361 

(MO*). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Makiling, Jun-Jul 1917. 

LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, PANAY. On boulders in damp shaded ravines alomg streams 

at medium altitudes. 

Elatostema mindanaense (C Robinson) H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 18; --ibid. 

40; --Polychroa mindanaensis (C Robinson) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78; --Pellionia mindanaensis C 

Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 496. –Type: Copeland 900 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Apr 1904. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley), 

Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). 

Elatostema multinervium (Merr.) H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 18; --ibid. 75; 

--Polychroa multinervia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 380; EPFP 2 (1923) 78. –Type: BS 39137 Ramos & 

Edaño (US*, iso). Mindanao: Bukidnon prov., near Tangculan, on trees in damp forests at c. 900m, 

5 Jul 1920. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon. On trees in damp forests, altitude c. 900m. 

Elatostema oblanceolatum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 524; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. 

–Type: Merrill 6909 (US*, iso). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Mt Kanlaon, on steep moss- 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon). Shaded mossy stream banks, altitude 

900m. 

covered shaded banks 

Elatostema obovatum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 190; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. – 

Type: Cuming 628. Luzon: Laguna prov., Calauan. 

LUZON: Laguna. Shaded ravines at low altitudes. 

Elatostema obtusiusculum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 537; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. – 

Type: BS 9840 Robinson. Luzon: Quezon prov., Mahabang Sugsugan River, growing on rocks 

at an elevation of 100-150m. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Benguet (Sablan) to Quezon, Camarines Sur (Maagnas), LEYTE, 

MINDANAO. Low and medium altitudes, on rocks and banks in shaded ravines. 

Elatostema palawanense C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 526; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. 

–Type: BS 677 Foxworthy (US*, iso). Palawan: Mt Victoria, altitude 1100m, Mar-Apr 1906. 

PALAWAN (Mt Victoria). Damp forested slopes, altitude c, 1100m. 

Elatostema panayense Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 372; EPFP 2 (1923) 84. –Type: BS 32396 Ramos 

& Edaño. Panay: Antique prov., Culasi, damp forests along streams, May 1918. 

PANAY: Antique. Damp forests along small streams at medium altitudes. 

Elatostema perlongifolium Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3231. –Type: Elmer 16408 (GH*, MO*, US*). 

Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Jun 1916. 

LUZON: Sorsogon. Ecol. 

Elatostema philippinense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 888; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. –Syntypes: Elmer 

11746 (MO*, US*), Elmer 11751 (GH*, MO*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Sept 1909. 

Elatostema glabratum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3228. –Syntypes: Elmer 16325 (GH*, MO*, US*). Luzon:

Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Jun 1916; --Elmer 15576 (GH*, MO*, US*). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., 

Mt Bulusan, Nov 1915. 

LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), POLILLO, NEGROS, MINDANAO 

Elatostema pilosum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 376; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 84. –Type: BS 20060 RC 

McGregor. Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya prov., near Imugan, 29 Dec 1912. 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. In forests at medium altitudes. 

Elatostema pinnatinervium Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 286; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: Elmer 

9193 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, US*). Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, May 1907. 

LUZON: Quezon (Infanta, Anoling River; Lucban), POLILLO (Mt Malulud). Mossy 

boulders in shaded ravines, altitude 30-750m. 

Elatostema plumbeum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 535; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: 

BS 3495 Mearns. Luzon: Benguet prov. 

LUZON: Benguet. Shaded ravines on cliffs and in the mossy forest, altitude 1000- 

1900m. 

Elatostema podophyllum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 189; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: Cuming 789 

LUZON: Ifugao, Benguet (Pauai), Quezon (Mt Binuang; Mt Banahaw; Mt Banahaw de 

Lucban) to Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Mossy 

forests on the higher mountains, up to an altitude of 2300m. 

Elatostema pulchellum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 522; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: 

BS 9824 Robinson (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw, 5-7 Mar 1910. 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Banahaw), Quezon, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt 

Malindang), Davao (Mt Apo). Mossy forests on the higher mountains, altitude 1800- 

2475m. 

Elatostema purpureum C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 306; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. – 

Syntypes: Merrill Phil. Plants 812 (US*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Tonglon (=Sto Tomas), mossy 

forest, altitude c. 1900m, May 1911; --Merrill 7644: also from the same mountain but at a more 

shaded place at a slightly lower elevation. 

LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province, Benguet, Mossy forests, altitude 1800-1900m. 

Elatostema rigidum Wedd., Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 320. –Type: Cuming 1674 (cited by 

Robinson in PJS 5 c (1910) 503). Samar. 

Elatostematoides rigidum (Wedd.) C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 503; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 88. 

LUZON: Cagayan, CATANDUANES, PANAY, NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Himugaan 

River), BOHOL (BS 42872 Ramos, SING), LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, 

Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). 

Elatostema robinsonii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 376; EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: BS 19727 RC 

McGregor (US*, iso). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt Polis, altitude not indicated, 30 Jan 1913. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), apparently in mossy forests at or above 1500m altitude. 

Elatostema samarense (Merr.) H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 108; 

--Elatostematoides samarense Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 380; EPFP 2 (1923) 88; non Elatostema 

samarense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 378. –Type: BS 17468 Ramos (US*, iso). Samar: Western 

Samar prov., Yabong (=Yabon), damp forests near small streams at low altitude, 16 Mar 1914 

Elatostema trichophlebium Merr. ex H. Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 104. –Type: BS 

42378 Edaño (A*, SING* iso). Panay: Aklan (previously in Capiz) prov., Mt Timbaban, May 1923. 

PANAY: Aklan, SAMAR. Lowland primary forest along streams.

Elatostema scapigerum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 542; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 85. –Type: 

Vanoverbergh 587. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet (Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas). Damp cliffs and in the 

mossy forest, altitude 1100-2000m. 

Elatostema serratifolium Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3234. –Type: Elmer 14712 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: 

GH*, MO*, US*). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Aug 1916. 


Elatostema simulans C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 519; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: BS 8145 Ramos (US*, 

Elatostema pacificum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3230. --Syntypes: Elmer 14613 (MO*, US*). Luzon: Sorsogon 

prov., Mt Bulusan, Oct 1915; --Elmer 16173 (MO*, US*). Also from Mt Bulusan, May 1916; --Elmer 

16968 (GH*, MO*, US*). Also from Mt Bulusan, Aug 1916. 

LUZON: Benguet to Sorsogon. Damp cliffs and in forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Elatostema sinuatum (Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1844) 79; --Polychroa sinuata (Blume) 

Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 382; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78; --H. Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i 

(1935) 29, descr. ampl.; --Pellionia sinuata (Blume) Boerl., Handl. Kenn. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (1900) 375; --C Robinson, PJS 

Java. 

Elatostema laciniatum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 287; -- H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 ii (1936) 36. –Type: 

Elmer 9196 (US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, May 1907. 

Polychroa urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3241; --Type: Elmer 13491 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del 

Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Aug 1912. 

Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. 

C LUZON to MINDANAO. Damp forests at low and medium altitudes. Exceedingly 

polymorphic. 

Elatostema sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3235. –Syntypes: Elmer 16322 (GH*, MO*, US*). 

Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Jun 1916; --Elmer 14614 (MO*). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt 

Bulusan, Oct 1916. Check original protologue. 


Elatostema spinulosum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 468; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: Elmer 9776 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, US*). Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Apr 1908. 

PANAY, NEGROS. Damp forests, altitude 600-1000m. 

Elatostema sublaxum (Elmer) H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 105; 

--Elatostematoides sublaxum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2858. –Type: Elmer 13493 (A*, MO*, NA*, NY*, 

US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Aug 1912. 

Elatostematoides laxum (Elmer) C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 502; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 87; -- 

Elatostema laxum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 465. –Type: Elmer 10337 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: A*, MO*, 

US*). Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Jun 1908. 

LUZON: Quezon, Sorsogon, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Low and 

medium altitude damp forests. 

Elatostema sublignosum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 541; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. – 

Type: BS 9754 Robinson (L*, US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw, 5-7 Mar 1910. 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Banahaw; Mabalucbaluc), Forests, altitude 600-800m. 

Elatostema suborbiculare Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 377; EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: BS 19729 RC 

McGregor (US*, iso). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt Polis, apparently in the mossy forest. Feb 1913. 

Check original protologue!!! p. 378 missing from my pdf file. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis). Apparently in the mossy forest. 

Elatostema surigaoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2854; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: Elmer

13637 (GH*, MO*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], 

Aug 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Forests, altitude c. 1000m. 

Elatostema umbrinum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2855; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: Elmer 13831. 

Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]. 

Elatostema urdanetense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2857. –Type: Elmer 14249 (MO*, iso). Mindanao: Agusan 

del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Sept 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Dense forests, altitude c. 1600m. 

Elatostema variabile C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 514; ibid. 6 c (1911) Bot. 307, t. 1; --Merr., 

EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: Vanoverbergh 528. Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, in forests, 

altitude 1650m. 

LUZON: Mountain Province. Forests, altitude c. 1650m. 

Elatostema variegatum C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 538; ibid. 6 c (1911) Bot. 31; --Merr., 

EPFP 2 (1923) 86. –Type: BS 9767 Robinson. Luzon: Laguna prov., base of Mt Banahaw, on 

rocks, altitude 800m. 

LUZON: Benguet (Sablan), Laguna (base of Mt Banahaw). Lithophytic in shaded stream 

beds, altitude c. 800m. 

Elatostema viridescens Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 285; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 87. –Type: Elmer 8076. 

Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños. 

LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo), Bataan, Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Sorsogon, PANAY. 

Low and medium altitudes along streams and damp forests. 

Elatostema volubile (Elmer) H. Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 18; --ibid. 74; -- 

Polychroa volubilis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78; --Procris volubilis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2867. 

–Synypes: Elmer 13898 (MO*, NA*, NY*). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt 

Hilong-hilong], Sept 1912; Elmer 13856 (not seen). Same area as preceding. 

POLILLO, LEYTE, SAMAR, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Bukidnon, Agusan 

del Norte. Low and medium altitude damp forests, ascending to 1400m. 

Elatostema wenzelii H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 28; --ibid. 104. –Type: 

MINDANAO. 

Elatostema whitfordii Merr., PJS 1 suppl. (1906) 48; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 87. –Syntypes: 

Whitford 254 (US*). Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, May 1904; FB 1234 Borden (US*). Luzon: 

Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Jun 1904, wet shaded banks subject to constant drip of water in canon 

of the Lamao River, altitude 550-800m. 

LUZON: Bataan, MINDANAO: Davao (Mt McKinley, PNH 1045 Edano, SING). Densely 

shaded ravines along streams, altitude at and above 600m. 

Elatostema zamboangense Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 374; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 87. –Type: Merrill 

8228 (US*, iso). Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River, back of San Ramon, damp shaded ravine, 

altitude c. 200m, 27 Nov 1911. 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Damp shaded ravines, altitude c. 200m. 

Elatostema catubigense Co, nomen nov. 

Elatostema samarense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 378, non Elatostematoides samarense Merr., 1919, which is 

now =Elatostema samarense (Merr.) Schroter. --Type: BS 34117 Ramos. Samar: Catubig River, in damp 

forest at low altitudes, Feb 1916. 

SAMAR. Damp forests at low altitudes.

Non-naturalized species: 

Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f. in H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 25; --Polychroa 

repens Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 559; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78. 

Native of Myanmar and Indochina. 

Doubtful taxon: 

Elatostema tomentosum Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 189; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 86. – 

Type: Callery s.n. (P, fide Merrill). Luzon: probably Benguet. 

Elatostema sessile Forst. var. tomentosum Wedd. in DC, Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 173. 

Elatostema subincanum Wedd., Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 295, 

A species of doubtful status. 

Possible new species (ined.) materials at PNH: 

Elatostema lepantoense Merr. 

Elatostematoides C Robinson =Elatostema 

Fleurya Gaudichaud =Laportea 

Gonostegia Turczaninow =Pouzolzia 

8. Laportea Gaudichaud 

Revision: 

Chew, WL. 1965. Laportea and allied genera (Urticaceae). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 21: 198- 

201. 

Chew, WL. 1969. A monograph of Laportea (Urticaceae). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 25: 111- 

178. 

Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 200; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 

(1996) 226; --Fleurya interrupta (L.) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 6 (1853) 10, t. 1975; --Merr., Fl. Manila 

(1912) 182; EPFP 2 (1923) 75; -- 

Tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and the Pacific Islands. 

Laportea ruderalis (G Forst.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1965) 201; --Fleurya ruderalis (G Forst.) 

Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, 1 (1854) 182; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 75; -- 

Christmas Is., Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls., Moluccas, New Guinea, 

Bismarck Archipelago to Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. 

In the Philippines recorded from CAVILLI IS., LUZON: Bulacan prov., Angat. 

9. Lecanthus Weddell 

Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Wedd. in DC. Prod. 16 1 (1869) 164, pro parte; --Merr., 

EPFP 2 (1923) 77; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 226, pl. 113. 

Africa, S Asia, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Java, and the Pacific islands. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Pauai; Mt Pulag), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). On 

the higher mountains above 1900m.

10. Leucosyke Zollinger & Moritzi 

Revision: 

Unruh, 1943. xxxxx in Engler, Botanische Jahrbücher 73: 191- 

Leucosyke arcuatovenosa Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 246. 

LUZON. 

Leucosyke aspera C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 23; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 96. –Type: BS 

2915 Mearns. Luzon: Albay prov., Mt Mayon. 

LUZON: Camarines, Albay, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Forests, altitude c. 1000m. 

Leucosyke benguetensis Unruh, in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 247. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Pico de Loro, PNH 17997, SING), Apayao (Mt Duraragan, 

PNH 19884 Edano, SING). 

Leucosyke brunnescens C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 25; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 96; -- Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 ( 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur (Sugpon), Cagayan, Isabela (San Mariano, BS 47163, SING), Nueva 

Vizcaya (Dupax, BS 11388 McGregor, SING), Pangasinan, Bataan (Mt Mariveles, 

Lamao River, Merrill 2544, SING). Low and medium altitude thickets. 

var. grossoserrata Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 243. –Type: Merrill 2543 (GH*, iso). Luzon: 

Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, 11-14 Jun 1903. 

Leucosyke buderi Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 245. 

LUZON 

Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 235 27 ; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 96. 

Leucosyke capitellata var. celtidifolia (Gaudich.) Wedd. in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 235 26 ; --Merr., EPFP 2 

(1923) 97. 

Leucosyke palawanensis Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 229. --Type: Elmer 13247 (isosyntype, GH*). 

Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), May 1911. 

Leucosyke leytensis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 269; EPFP 2 (1923) 97. –Type: Wenzel 1061 (GH*, US*, 

iso). Leyte: Buenavista, Jaro, in forests, altitude c. 500m, 20 Aug 1914. 

Leucosyke angusta Unruh, PJS 84 (1955) 167. --Type: PNH 6480 Castro & Añonuevo (A*, holo). Polillo: 

along Anibawan River, sea level, 28 Nov 1948. 

Leucosyke samarensis Unruh, PJS 84 (1955) 172. --Type: PNH 6334 Sulit and Coñese (A*, holo). Samar: 

Western Samar prov., Bagacay, Concord, open place near road km 58.5 near bridge, 2 nd 

growth forest, altitude 200m, 20 Jun 1950. 

Taiwan, Philippines, Java to New Guinea. 

Throughout the Philippines: LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Benguet, 

Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Bataan, Pampanga, Rizal, Laguna, 

Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, 

PALAWAN, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, LEYTE, SAMAR, 

BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao del Sur, Davao. In thickets, second-growth 

forests, etc. at low and medium altitudes. In the Cordillera Highlands ascending to at 

least 2000m. Common. 

Leucosyke elmeri Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 246. 

MINDANAO. 

Leucosyke hispidissima (Wedd.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858-59) 265; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 97; 

--Missiessya hispidissima Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV, 1 (1854) 195. --Type: Callery sn, Luzon: ‘in 

insulae Manillae montibus Igorrotes’ (=possibly Benguet prov. not far from Baguio). 

Leucosyke magallanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 677; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 97. –Type: Elmer 12282 (PNH,

holo, lost; iso: GH*, MO*, US*). Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Magallanes (=Magdiwang), Apr 1910. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Ecija, SIBUYAN, PANAY: Antique (BS 

32516 McGregor, SING). Thickets, forested river banks up to c. 1400m altitude. 

Leucosyke mindorensis C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 22; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98. 

–Type: FB 11461 Merritt (US*, iso). Mindoro: Mindoro Occidental prov., Amnay River, altitude 

600m, Apr-May 1908. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental. Forests, altitude c. 600m. 

Leucosyke negrosensis C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 27; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98. –Type: 

FB 4316 Everett (US*, iso). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Pioc River, in dense forest. 

PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Agusan. Low and medium altitude forests. 

Leucosyke nivea C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 21; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98. –Type: MS 

LEYTE, MINDANAO. Forests, altitude 500-800m. 

Leucosyke ovalifolia C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 26; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98. –Type: 

Leucosyke merrillii Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 225. --Type: Merrill 706 (GH*, iso). Palawan: E- 

wi-ig (=Iwahig) River. 

LUZON: Zambales, CULION, PALAWAN (Iwahig), PANAY: Capiz (Mt Timbaban, BS 

42489 Edaño, SING). Low altitude dry thickets and open forests. 

Clemens sn, Mindanao 

Merrill 481. Culion. 

Leucosyke quadrinervia C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 28; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98; --Yang, 

et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 228. 

Lanyu, Lutao and N Philippines. 

BATANES (SABTAN), BABUYAN ISLS (CAMIGUIN). Along streams at low altitudes. 

Closely allied to L. capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. 

Leucosyke rizalensis Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 247. 

LUZON: Rizal 

Leucosyke weddelii Unruh in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 226. 

var. weddelii 

LUZON 

var. acuminata Unruh, PJS 84 (1955) 173. --Type: PNH 

PALAWAN (Aborlan, Tarateon River, PNG 14140 Edaño, SING). 

11. Maoutia Weddell 

Maoutia setosa Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 194; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 98; --Yang, et al., 

Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 229. 

Ryukyus, Lanyu, Lutao and the Philippines. N LUZON to MINDANAO. Forests and 

thickets, in some regions at low and medium altitudes; ascending to 2200m in Benguet. 

Neodistemon Babu & AN Henry 

Literature: 

Babu, CR and AN Henry. 1970. A New Generic Name in Urticac eae. Taxon 19: 651.

Neodistemon indicum (Wedd.) Babu & AN Henry, Taxon 19 (1970) 651; --Distemon indicus 

Wedd., Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1857) 551, t. 20, A; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 93 

India (Assam) to Myanmar, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal (Antipolo; Morong). Open 

slopes at low altitudes. 

12. Nothocnide Blume 

Revision: 

Chew, WL. 1965. Nothocnide (Urticaceae) in Malesia. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 24: 361-373. 

Nothocnide repanda (Blume) Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 137, t. 14; --Pipturus 

repandus (Blume) Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 448; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 95; --Urtica 

repanda Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 501. –Type from Java. 

Pipturus subalpinus Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3221. –Type: Elmer 22016 (MO*, US*, iso). Luzon: Pampanga 

prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May 1927. 

Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Java, Bali, Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck 

Archipelago and Solomon Islands. 

LUZON: Mountain Province to Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, LEYTE, MINDANAO: 

Davao (Mt Apo). Damp forested ravines near streams, at low and medium altitudes. In 

Mountain Province sprawling over ledges and boulders up to an altitude of 1600m. 

Nothocnide discolor (C Robinson) Chew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 368; --Pipturus discolor C 

Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 15; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 95. –Type: MS Clemens 676 (NY*, iso). 

Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Camp Keithley, Sept-Oct 1906. 

New Guinea and Philippines. 

PANAY, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (along Lake Lanao), Bukidnon, Agusan, Davao. 

Forests, altitude 700m and above. 

Oreocnide Miquel =Villebrunea 

Pellionia Gaudichaud =Elatostema 

14. Pilea Lindley 

Pilea apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 882; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: Elmer 11551 (L*, NY*, 

Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo). Forests, altitude c. 1700m. 

iso). Mindanao: Davao 

Pilea benguetensis C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 488; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: Elmer 

6304 (MO*, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, May 1904. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet (Baguio; Mt Pulag), Nueva Vizcaya. On limestone 

boulders, damp shaded ravines, cliffs, etc., altitude 1300-2000m. 

Pilea calcicola C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 493; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: BS 9529 CB 

Robinson (L*, NY*, US*). Luzon: Rizal prov., Montalban, 2 Nov 1909. 

LUZON: Bulacan, Rizal. Low and medium altitude forests on limestone, on limestone 

cliffs and gorges. 

Pilea dataensis C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 494; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: Merrill 

LUZON: Mountain Province (Mt Data), Ifugao (Mt Polis). Mossy forests, altitude c. 

4602 (US*, iso). Luzon

2100m. 

Pilea humilis C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 488; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: Merrill 6912 

(L*, NY*, US*, iso). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Mt Kanlaon, Apr 1910. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon). In 

ravines, in the mossy forest, and on open peaks of the higher mountains, altitude 1200- 

2800m. 

Pilea intumescens C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 492; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Type: MS 

Clemens 1223 (NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., along Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, 

Sept-Oct 1907. 

PANAY, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Damp shaded ravines, altitude c. 700m. 

Pilea loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 23; EPFP 4 (1925) 252. --Type: Loher 12797, Luzon: Rizal prov., 

Balintingan, Jul 1909. 

LUZON: Rizal (Balintingan). 

Pilea luzonensis Merr., PJS 1 suppl. (1906) 48; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 76. –Syntypes: Whitford 

279 (US*). Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May 1904; Whitford 1129 (US*), 

Luzon: Bataan prov., Lamao River, Mar 1905 

LUZON: Benguet (Baguio; Mt Sto. Tomas), Nueva Vizcaya (Caraballo Sur), Bataan (Mt 

Mariveles), Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). 

Damp shaded ravines along streams at medium altitudes, ascending to 1400m. 

Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 4, 1 (1854) 186; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

76; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 242, pl. 122; --Urtica melastomoides Poir. in Lam., 

Encycl. Suppl. 4 (1816) 223. 

India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Java. LUZON: Kalinga, Ifugao, 

Mountain Province (Mt Data), Benguet (Mt Pulag; Pauai; Mt Sto Tomas), Laguna (Mt 

Banahaw). Mossy forests, altitude 1800-2300m. 

Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5 2 (1851) 302; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 76; 

EPFP 2 (1923) 76. 

Native to S America, widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. 

Throughout the Philippines in and about towns, on damp walls, etc. 

Pilea monticola C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 489; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 77. –Type: BS 5533 

Ramos. Luzon: Benguet prov., Rio Trinidad (=Balili River); Paratype: BS 5566 Ramos (US*). 

Luzon: Benguet prov., Rio Trinidad (=Balili River), Dec 1908. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet (Mt Pulag; Mt Sto. Tomas; La Trinidad). Mossy 

forests, damp shaded ravines, etc., altitude 1200-2300m. 

Pilea peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1832) 96; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. 

Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 27. 

var. peploides 

Russia (Siberia), China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Philippines and Java. 

BATAN: Hatusima 29141, on wet littoral cliff. 

Pilea rigida C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) 491; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 77. –Type: BS 8181 Ramos 

LUZON: Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Altitude c. 1500m. 

(NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: 

Pilea robinsonii Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 880; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 77. –Syntypes: Elmer 10487 (MO*, 

NY* 2 sheets, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, black humus-covered soil of moist dense

woods at 3750ft, May 1909; --Elmer 11758 (MO*, NY* 2 sheets, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, 

Todaya, among boulders below the Colan Creek Falls and at its junction with the Baruring River at 

3750ft, Sept 1909. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo). Damp forests, altitude c. 1000m. 

Pilea sylvatica Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 879; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 77. –Syntypes: Elmer 11698 (MO*, 

NY* 2 sheets, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, on moist, fertile humus-covered soil of 

densely wooded flats at 4000ft, Sept 1909; --Elmer 11547 (MO*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt 

Apo, Todaya, on moss-covered seepage ledges along the Cati Creek at 5750ft, above its falls of 

Mt Apo, Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao (Mt Apo). Damp forests and on wet cliffs, altitude 1200- 

1800m. 

15. Pipturus Wedd. 

Pipturus angustifolius Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 379; EPFP 2 (1923) 94. –Type: BS 15320 Ramos 

LEYTE. Thickets along streams at low altitude. 

(US*, iso). Leyte: Daga 

Pipturus argenteus (G Forst.) Wedd. in DC, Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 235 19 ; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 94; 

--Urtica argentea G Forst., Prodr. (1784) 65. 

Sumatra to Australia and Polynesia. 

BALABAC, LUMBUCAN (near Balabac), MINDANAO: Surigao. On sandy soil, open 

forests near the sea. 

Pipturus asper Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 1 (1854) 197. 

Pipturus arborescens (Link) C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 13; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 94; --Yang, et al., 

Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 253. 

Ryukyus, Taiwan (Lanyu and Lutao), the Philippines and Borneo. Very common and 

widely distributed in all islands and provinces. Chiefly in low and medium altitude 

thickets and second-growth forests, ascending to 2000m in Benguet. 

Pipturus dentatus (C Robinson) C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 311; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 

95; --Pouzolzia dentata C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) 7. –Type: Merrill 4741 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: 

Benguet prov., Pauai, Oct-Nov 1905. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Mt Pulag; Pauai; Mt Sto Tomas). Open slopes, thin 

pine forests, etc., altitude 1900-2300m. 

Pipturus mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 898; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 95. –Type: Elmer 10520 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, altitude 1125m, May 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Open slopes, altitude c. 1125m. 

Pipturus succulentus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 897; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 95. –Type: Elmer 10739 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: MO*, NA*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Thickets along Baruring River, altitude c. 1000m. 

Polychroa Loureiro =Pellionia =Elatostema 

16. Pouzolzia Gaudichaud 

Pouzolzia arachnoidea (Walp.) Wedd. in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 228; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 91.

Stachyocnide luzonica Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 228, t. 55. –Type: Cuming 1492 (L*, holo). 

Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov. 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur (San Quintin), Rizal (Montalban; Antipolo; Morong), Batangas (de la 

Paz), MINDORO. Boulders and cliffs and in thickets and thin forests at low and medium 

altitudes. 

Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1844) 80; --Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq., Ann. 

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869) 303; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 92; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 

(1996) 223; --Urtica hirta Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 4(1825) 495. 

Gonostegia integrifolia C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 10, non Miq. 

var. hirta 

Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, SE Asia to Australia. LUZON: Mountain Province, 

Benguet (Mt Pulag; Pauai; Baguio; Twin Peaks), Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur 

(Lake Lanao), Davao (Todaya). Common in ravines, thickets, and in some open 

grasslands, altitude 1000-2300m. 

var. parvifolia (Wight) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, Nordic J. Bot. 24 (2006) 91. 

Gonostegia reptans C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 10; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 93. –Type: Elmer 5828 

(NY*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1904. 

Extra-Philippine distribution LUZON: Ifugao, Benguet, Nueva Ecija. Damp open places 

and in thickets, altitude 1000-1400m. 

Pouzolzia pentandra (Roxb.) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1832) 64, t. 14; --Gonostegia pentandra (Roxb.) 

Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869) 302; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 93; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 

2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 224; --Urtica pentandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 583. 

India, SE Asia, Taiwan. 

LUZON to MINDANAO. Cultivated lands along streams and in swampy places at low 

and medium altitudes, ascending to 1400m. 

Pouzolzia rubricaulis (Blume) Wedd. in DC Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 229; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 92. 

Philippines, Java. 

LUZON: Benguet (Ambuklao to Daklan, Merrill 4390). Damp shaded banks, altitude c. 

1400m. 

Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1838) 67; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 92; --Yang, et al., Fl. 

Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 254. 

Taiwan, SE Asia. 

Throughout the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, in open, usually damp 

grasslands. BATAN, BABUYAN ISLS (CAMIGUIN), LUZON: Mountain Province 

(Aluling), Ifugao (Kiangan), Aurora (Casiguran), Zambales (Subic), Pampanga (Bacolor), 

Rizal (Bosoboso), Manila, Laguna (Calauan; Los Baños), Camarines, POLILLO, 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Pola; Baco), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del 

Sur (Port Banga), Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley), Davao (Todaya). 

Revision: 

FR 45 (1938) 179, 257 

17. Procris Commerson ex Jussieu 

Procris brunnea Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 5; EPFP 2 (1923) 88. –Type: BS 23705 Ramos (US*, 

LUZON: Sorsogon. Epiphytic in the mossy forest. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from 

P. frutescens Blume. 

iso). Luzon: Sorsogon

Procris dolichophylla Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 369; EPFP 2 (1923) 88. –Type: Wenzel 98 (US*, 

iso). Leyte: Dagami, climbing on trees in forested foothills, altitude c. 60m, 29 Mar 1923. 

PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan. Epiphytic in low and medium altitude 

damp forests. 

Procris frutescens Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 510; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 88. 

Procris frutescens var. nervosa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2863. –Type: Elmer 13602 (MO*, US*, iso). Mindanao: 

Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong], Aug 1912. 

Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines. 

LUZON: Laguna (San Antonio), Quezon (Lucban), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt 

Kanlaon), MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley), Davao (Mt Apo), Agusan del 

Norte (Waloe; Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). Damp forests at low and medium 

altitudes. 

Procris laevigata Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 508; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 88; --Yang, et al., Fl. Taiwan 2 nd 

ed., 2 (1996) 254, pl. 128. 

Africa and tropical Asia. Taiwan. 

N LUZON to MINDANAO. In forests, usually epiphytic, sometimes on ledges, sea-level 

to 1000m or more, widely scattered. 

Procris mindanaensis H Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 45 (1938) 189, in key, p. 281. –Type: 

Procris pedunculata (JR & G Forst.) Wedd., xxxx --H. Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 45 (1938) 

259. 

Mascarenes, Malayan Region; Philippines, Polynesia. 

Procris urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2865; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 89. –Syntypes: Elmer 13792 (NA*, NY*, US*) 

1912; --Elmer 13708 (MO*, US*). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilonghilong], 

Sept 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta [=Mt Hilong-hilong]). Mossy forest, altitude 

1600-1800m. Closely allied to P. frutescens Blume. 

Procris wightiana (Wedd.) Wall., Cat. (1831) no 4638, nom. nud., Wedd. Monogr. (1856) 336; -- 

Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 89; --H. Schröter, Fedde, Repert. Beih. 83 i (1935) 191. 

Procris crenata C Robinson, PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 507. –Type: Vanoverbergh 635 (US*, iso). Luzon: 

Mountain Province, Bauco, altitude 1400m, Nov-Dec 1910. 

India to China and Taiwan. 

LUZON: Mountain Province. Epiphytic, altitude c. 1400m. Reduced by some authors to 

P. laevigata Blume. 

18. Urtica Linnaeus 

Urtica bullata Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 145; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. –Type from 

Java. 

Java, Philippines. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet (Mt Pulag), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Open 

pine or cogon slopes, altitude 1900-2400m on Mt Pulag. 

19. Villebrunea Gaudichaud ex Weddell

Villebrunea rubescens (Blume) Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 167; --Oreocnide 

rubescens (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869) 306; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 96; -- 

Urtica rubescens Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 506. 

Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon to MINDANAO. Damp 

shaded ravines, near streams at low and medium altitudes. 

Villebrunea trinervis Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. iv, 1 (1854) 196. –Type: Cuming 777 (MO*, NY*, 

iso). Luzon: Quezon prov. 

Oreonide trinervis (Wedd.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 2 (1858-59) 270; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 96; --Yang, et al., Fl. 

Taiwan 2 nd ed., 2 (1996) 230. 

Lanyu, Philippines, Borneo and Java. BATAN ISLS to MINDANAO. Thickets and forests, 

especially along streams at low and medium altitudes.

Family 65. URTICACEAE 1. Astrothalamus C Robinson Marianas ...

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