Family 248. ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias Linnaeus Native of the ...

Family 248. ASCLEPIADACEAE 

Literature: 

Backer, CA & RC Bakhuizen van den Brink. 1965. Flora of Java 2: 244-274. 

Forster, PI & DJ Liddle. 1994. Type collections of Asclepiadaceae at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). 

Australian Systematic Botany 7: 507-519. 

Asclepias Linnaeus 

Asclepias curassavica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 215; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 377; EPFP 3 (1923) 341. 

Native of the American tropics now pantropic in distribution. 

Throughout the Philippines in the settled areas, open waste places, etc., ascending to at 

least 1500m. 

Brachystelma R Brown 

Brachystelma merrillii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 566; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: 

Merrill 680 (US*, iso). Culion. Dry open valley, Feb 1903) 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, CULION, SEMIRARA. Dry open grasslands at low altitudes. 

Very rare or local. 

Calotropis R Brown 

Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 2 (1811) 78; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

341. 

Introduced from tropical Asia, now pantropic in distribution (usually planted as hedges). 

Thoroughly naturalized in the Philippines, sometimes escaping. 

Centrostemma Decaisne 

Centrostemma multiflorum (Blume) Decne., Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2 , 9 (1838) 272; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 350; --Hoya multiflora Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 49. –Type: 

Burma, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines. 

BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Rizal (Mt Angilog; Antipolo; Bosoboso; San Andres), Laguna 

(Pakil; Liliw; Los Baños; Mt Makiling), Quezon (Mt Banahaw), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), 

POLILLO, MINDORO, MASBATE, TABLAS, PANAY, SAMAR, DINAGAT, SIARGAO, 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo), Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo). Epiphytic or pseudo-epiphytic 

on trees in primary forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Ceropegia Linnaeus 

Ceropegia cumingiana Decne., Prodr. 8 (1844) 643; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: Cuming 

447 (L*, iso). Philippines. No definite locality. 

Tropical Australia, New Guinea (Papua), Philippines. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan. Low and

medium altitude secondary growths. 

Ceropegia merrillii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 565; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: Merrill 

4863 (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Bued River, Oct-Nov 1905. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets and ravines, 1100-1400m. 

Clemensia Schlechter non Merrill =Clemensiella 

Clemensiella Schlechter 

Clemensiella dischidioides Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356, in obs., pro syn. Clemensiella 

mariae Schltr. –Type: Elmer 15801 (NY*, possible type, cited by Merrill as 16801). Luzon: 

Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. Jul 1916. 

Clemensiella mariae Schltr., Fedde, Repert. 13 (1915) 566, in obs.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356. –Type: 

LUZON (Laguna, Sorsogon), CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur 

(Camp Keithley). Forests at medium altitudes. A monotypic endemic genus. 

Conchophyllum Blume 

Conchophyllum elmeri Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 561; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351. –Type: 

Elmer 10670 (NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya. Open moist woods, altitude 3000ft, 

May 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Thickets or forests, c. 900m. 

Cosmostigma Wight 

Cosmostigma philippinense Schltr. in Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 542; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356. 

–Type: BS 1072 Ramos (US*, iso). Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jul 1906. 

LUZON: Rizal. Thickets or forests at medium altitudes. 

Cynanchum Linnaeus 

Revision: 

Liede, S. 1999. The genera Cynanchum and Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) in 

Malesia. Blumea 44: 471-495. 

Cynanchum loheri Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 120; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 341; -- 

Liede, Blumea 44 (1999) 483, Fig. 5. –Type: Loher 4053 =Vidal 3311 (K, lecto; isolecto: US*). 

“Luzon Central”, no definite locality. 

Borneo (Sabah) and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Isabela (San Mariano), Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna 

(Calauan), Quezon (Dolores), MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental (Abra de Ilog), CULION, 

BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low and medium altitude thickets, ascending to 

1200m. 

Cynanchum ovalifolium Wight, Contr. (1834) 57; --Liede, Blumea 44 (1999) 485, Fig. 7. –Type from 

Penang, Malaysia. 

Cynanchum luzonicum Schltr. in Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 538; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 341. –Type: Merrill 

7702 (US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., May 1911.

Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Krakatau, Borneo (Mabul Is.), Philippines, 

Sulawesi, Moluccas (Halmahera, Ambon), New Guinea. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Benguet, Zambales, Bulacan, PANAY. Low 

and medium altitude thickets. 

Cynanchum physocarpum Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 121; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

341; --Liede, Blumea 44 (1999) 487, Fig. 8. –Type: Warburg 13766 (not traced by Liede, probably 

destroyed at B). 

Cynanchum schlechterianum Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 121; –Type: Warburg 13003 (not 

traced by Liede, probably destroyed at B). Luzon: Quezon prov., Sampaloc. 

Cynanchum denigratum Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3549, not validly published, no Latin description. –Voucher: 

Elmer 15636 (L, holo; iso: BM, FI, G, NA*, NY*, 2 sheets). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., lowlands near 

Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Apr 1916. 

BATAN, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), CATANDUANES, 

CALAMIANES (BICAWAYAN). Thickets and degraded forests at low altitudes including 

near seashore. Fl. September-July. 

Insufficiently known: 

Cynanchum suluense Schltr. in Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 539; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 342. –Type: 

Merriill 5401 

SULU. 

Check identity of this Batan material: 

Cynanchum liukiuense Warb., Fedde Repert. 3 (1907) 305; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima 

Univ. 5 (1966) 45. –Type from Ryukyus. 

BATAN. Check voucher no. 

Dischidia R Brown 

Dischidia acutifolia Maingay ex Hook.f, Fl. Brit. India 4 (1883) 51; --Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 101, 

Fig. 23. 

Dischidia brachystele Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 555; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: 

ssp. acutifolia 

Thailand, Malesia: Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and the 

Philippines. 

LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mati). Forests at medium altitudes. 

Dischidia cleistantha Livshultz, Novon 13 (2003) 89, Fig. 1, 2, 3A, C-D. --Type: Merrill 11639 (K, 

holo; iso: P, US). Mindanao: Zamboanga. 

LUZON: Benguet (Kapangan; Tublay), POLILLO (Karlangan), BURDEOS (Botanan), 

CATANDUANES (San Domingo River), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, BASILAN 

(Malamam), JOLO. 

Dischidia clemensiae Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 556; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: 

Clemens 362. 

MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Thickets or forests, c. 600m. 

Dischidia elmeri Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 556; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: Elmer 

10759 (BISH*, NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, hanging epiphyte in dense forest, 

altitude 3750ft, May 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo, Todaya). Thickets or forests, c. 1130m. 

Dischidia gibbifera Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 555; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348. –Type: BS 

12011 Ramos (B*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., San Antonio, Aug 1910.

LUZON: Laguna. Forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Dischidia hirsuta (Blume) Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 632; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348; -- 

Java. 

Burma across Malesia from Peninsular Malaysia to New Guinea. 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO: Oriental 

Mindoro, PALAWAN (Mt Pulgar; Victoria Mtns), MASBATE, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low to medium altitude forests, sometimes in mangroves. 

Soejarto et al. (1995) P 

Dischidia lancifolia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 330; EPFP 3 (1923) 348. –Type: BS 30374 Ramos. 

Catanduanes: back of Calolbong, on tree trunks in damp forests, low altitudes, 10 Dec 1917. 

LUZON: Quezon, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan, Irosin), CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: 

Bukidnon. Epiphytic in damp forests at low altitudes, up to 530m. 

Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr., Interp. Rumph. Herb. Amb. (1917) 437; --Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 92, 

Fig. 6. 

NE India, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Australia, Malesia: Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea and the Philippines. 

Philippine localities Locally common on trees along the coast and up to 1000m on 

coastal mountains, forming large clusters on the branches. The pitcher leaves are 

commonly inhabited by ants. 

Dischidia merrillii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 299; EPFP 3 (1923) 348; --Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 

3560. –Type: Merrill 3904 (B*, NY*, iso). Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Arayat, near summit of 

slightly developed mossy forest, Oct 1904. 

LUZON: Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet (Baguio), Pampanga (Mt Arayat), Bataan, 

Zambales, Rizal, Quezon (Lucban), Camarines, MINDORO, NEGROS: Negros Oriental 

(Cuernos Mtns), MINDANAO: Misamis. Chiefly in the mossy forest, 800-1800m. 

Dischidia nummularia R Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Hol. (1810) 461; --Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 98, Fig.18. 

–Type: 

Dischidia copelandii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 298; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: Copeland 512 

(B*, US). Mindanao: Davao, pendant in large bunches, Mar 1904. 

Dischidia pubicaulis Schltr., not published. Based on Elmer 10481 (B*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 

May 1909. 

NE India, Burma, Indochina, Thailand, Australia and Malesia: Sumatra, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), MINDORO: Pinamalayan, NEGROS: Negros 

Oriental (Cuernos Mtns), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao, Agusan del Norte (Mt 

Urdaneta). In thickets and forests at low altitudes. 

Dischidia oiantha Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 127; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348. –Type: 

Warburg 12252 (not seen). Luzon: Cagayan prov., Enrile. 

Dischidia irosinensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3556, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Syntypes: Elmer 

17226 and 15797. Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, in woods, altitude 1250ft. Apr 1916. 

CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Apayao, Ifugao, Benguet (Twin Peaks, near 

Baguio), Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon (Mt 

Bulusan), POLILLO, MINDORO, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Thickets and 

forests at low and medium altitudes, often along the seashore. 

Dischidia platyphylla Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 300; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348; --Elmer, LPB 10 

(1938) 3563. –Type: Copeland 338 (B*, possible holo; iso: NY*). Mindanao: Davao, Mar 1904. 

CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon (Lucban), POLILLO, LEYTE

(Palo), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao, Surigao, SULU. On trees at low altitudes, often 

along the seashore. 

Dischidia punctata (Blume) Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 632; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348; -- 

Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 93, Fig. 9. 

Dischidia joloensis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 557; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348. –Type: Merrill 5327 

(B*, iso). Jolo: Mt Dajo, 11 Oct 1906. 

S Thailand, Malesia: Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, SW Philippines. 

JOLO. In thickets, c. 550m. 

Dischidia purpurea Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 39; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 348; -- 

Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3563; --Soejarto et al. (1995) Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. –Type: 

LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Pangasinan, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna, Quezon, 

Camarines, PALAWAN (Quezon, TAMLANGON Is), LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: 

Davao (Mt Apo, Todaya, c. 1130m), Surigao. Epiphytic in medium altitude forests, 

ascending to 1200m. 

Dischidia quinquangularis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 557; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349. – 

Type: Copeland 555 (B*). Mindanao: Davao, Mar 1904. 

MINDANAO: Davao. Thickets or forests. 

Dischidia rosea Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 300; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349; --Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 

3563. –Type: Elmer 5838. Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio. 

LUZON: Ifugao, Benguet (Baguio). Forested ravines, at and above 1300m. 

Dischidia ruscifolia Decne ex Becc., Malesia 2 (1886) 272; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349; --Elmer, 

LPB 10 (1938) 3564. –Type: 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Benguet (Baguio), Cagayan, Pangasinan, Zambales, 

Pampanga, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, SIBUYAN (Mt Giting-giting), 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta). Mossy forests and on cliffs in damp 

primary forests, 300-1600m. 

Dischidia saccata Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 127; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349. –Type: 

Warburg 14384 (B). 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. Epiphytic in mangroves. 

Dischidia tonsa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 558; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349. –Type: Merrill 

7200 (B*, US, iso). Busuanga, Sept 1910. 

Dischidia palawanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3561. –Type: Elmer 13101 (MO*, NY*, iso). Palawan: Mt 

Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), Apr 1911. 

BUSUANGA, CULION, PALAWAN (Thumb Peak; Talimbobog), PANAY. Forests near 

the seashore, ascending to xxx m. 

Dischidia vidalii Becc., Malesia 2 (1886) 272, in nota; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349. –Type: 

Dischidia pectenoides Pearson, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35 (1902) 377; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 381. –Type: 

LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Laguna. Epiphytic on dead or dying bamboo (Schizostachyum) 

at low altitudes. 

Uncertain names needing validation. 

Dischidia apoensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3551, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: Elmer 

10659 (MO*, NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya. Steep ravine along Sibulan River,

altitude 3000ft, May 1909. 

Dischidia diphylla Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3553, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: Elmer 

15870 (MO*, NA*, NY*, iso). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, in woods, altitude 1250 ft. 

April 1916. 

Dischidia livida Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3558, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: Elmer 

Sept. 1916. 

16591 (MO*, NY*, iso). 

Dischidia palawanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3561, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: 

Elmer 13101 (MO*, NY*, iso). Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), in thickets and 

woodlands, altitude c. 250 ft, April 1911. 

Dischidia sorsogonensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3564, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: 

Elmer 15809 (NA*, NY*, iso). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, in damp hemp fields, 

altitude 1000 ft, April 1916. 

Dischidia striata Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3566, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Syntypes: Elmer 

10481. Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, in forest, altitude 4000ft, May 1909; --Elmer 16874: 

Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, in forests, altitude 1000ft, Aug 1916. 

Dischidia sylvestris Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3568, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: Elmer 

11401(NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya. In forest, altitude 6500ft, Aug 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Forest, altitude 1800-2000m. 

Dischidiopsis Schlechter 

Dischidiopsis carinata Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 558; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 349. –Type: Bolster 227 

MINDANAO: Surigao. Low altitude thickets or forests. 

Dischidiopsis copelandii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 559, in nota; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

350. –Type: 

MINDANAO: Davao. Low altitude thickets or forests. 

Dischidiopsis imberbis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 559; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 350. –Type: 

BS 10728 RC McGregor (B*). Luzon: Cagayan prov., Claveria, Aug 1909. 

LUZON: Cagayan. Lowland thickets or forests. 

Dischidiopsis incrassata Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 559; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 350. –Type: 

LUZON: Sorsogon, BASILAN. Thickets along streams at low altitudes. 

Dischidiopsis luzonica Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 560; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 350. –Type: 

LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasinan, Laguna, Cavite. Epiphytic in low and medium altitude 

forests, sometimes on coconut trunks. 

Dischidiopsis mariae Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 560; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 350. –Type: 

Clemens sn, Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., 

MINDANAO: Lanao. Thickets or forests, c. 600m. 

Dischidiopsis parasitica (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 317; EPFP 3 (1923) 350; 

--Marsdenia parasitica Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 120, as ‘parasita’; ed. 2 (1845) 86; ed. 3, 1 (1877) 

156. –Type: Non extant. “Illustrative” specimen: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 693 (US*). Luzon: Rizal 

prov., Pasay, epiphytic on Mangifera indica L., Dec 1914. 

Conchophyllum merrillii Schltr. ex Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 380. –Type: Merrill 7441 (L*, iso). Luzon: Manila

and vicinity. Jan-Feb 1911. 

Dischidiopsis philippinensis Schltr. in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 128. –Type: Merrill 972 (NY*, iso). 

Lubang: Apr 1903. 

LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, LUBANG. Epiphytic in lowland thickets and forests. 

Dolichostegia Schlechter 

Dolichostegia boholensis Schltr., Fedde, Repert. 13 (1915) 554; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356. – 

Type: BS 1693 McGregor. 

BOHOL. Cliff near the sea. A monotypic endemic genus. 

Dorystephania Warburg =Sarcolobus 

Dregea E Meyer 

Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1883) 46; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 354; 

--Lu et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2 (1998) 227, pl. 99, photo 155. 

Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf, Bot. Mag. 149 (1923) under t. 8976; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima 

Univ. 5 (1966) 46. 

India to Java, Taiwan and the Philippines. BATAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Batangas, Zambales, LUBANG. Low 

altitude thickets, also along seashores and riverine forests. 

Eriostemma (Schlechter) Kloppenburg & Gilding 

Eriostemma ciliata (Elmer ex CM Burton) Kloppenb. & Gilding, Fraterna 14(2) (2001) 4; 

--Hoya ciliata Elmer ex Burton, Hoyan, 9(4:2) (1988) I; --Hoya ciliata Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3577, 

not validly published, no Latin diagnosis. –Type: Elmer 11072 (A, L*, NY*, iso). Mindanao: Davao 

del Sur prov., Mt Apo, Todaya, Jul 1909. 

Eriostemma madulidii (Kloppenb.) Kloppenb. & Gilding, Fraterna 14(2) (2001) 4; --Hoya 

madulidii Kloppenb., Fraterna 1 #1 (Fall 1990). --Type: Bolster 357 (B, holo; UC). Mindanao: 

Surigao del Norte prov., Caningag Creek, altitude 400ft. 

LUZON: Ifugao (PNH 80526 Conklin & Buwaya), MINDORO: Cabesa River (PNH 19486 

Britton) Mindoro Oriental (Bongabong, PNH 17766 Sulit), PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan, 

BS 77507 Edaño), JOLO (PNH 97463 Mendoza), MINDANAO: Zamboanga (Dikus, PNH 

36055 Frake), Davao Oriental (Mati, BS 49264 Ramos & Edaño), Surigao del Norte 

(type). 

Additional exsiccatae: Loher 12139 (UC), possibly from Rizal prov.; and BS 15518 

Kienholtz (UC), 

Eriostemma pulgarensis (Elmer) Kloppenb. & Gilding, Fraterna 14(2) (2001)4, nom. inval. 

Finlaysonia Wallich 

Finlaysonia obovata Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 48, t. 162; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 339.

India through Peninsular Malaysia to the Moluccas. 

LUZON: Zambales, Tayabas, PANAY, LEYTE. Thickets along the seashore in swampy 

places, often in mangrove along tidal streams. 

Genianthus Hooker filius 

Genianthus syringifolius (Schltr.) Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4 (1939) 60. 

Secamone syringifolia Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 538; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343; --PI Forst. & 

Liddle, Austral. Syst. Bot. 7 (1994) 515. –Type: BS 17658 Ramos (BO, iso). Samar, Apr 1914. 

LUZON: Laguna, MINDORO, SAMAR. Damp primary forests at low altitudes. 

Gomphocarpus R Brown 

Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) WT Aiton, Hortus Kew. (WT Aiton), ed. 2. 2 (1811) 80. 

Extra-Philippine distribution Native of --------. Apparently naturalized in MINDANAO. 

Gymnanthera R Brown 

Gymnanthera pedunculata (Miq.) Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 132, excl. syn. Llanos; --Merr., 

EPFP 3 (1923) 340. 

Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores), Philippines. 

MINDANAO: Davao. Thickets behind mangroves. 

Gymnema R Brown 

Gymnema calycinum Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 540; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: 

Vanoverbergh 1214. 

LUZON: Mountain Province. Thickets or secondary growth, c.1650m. 

Gymnema cumingii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 541; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: Cuming 939. 

LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon. Probably in thickets or secondary growth at low altitudes. 

Gymnema mariae Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 540; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: MS 

Clemens 757. 

MINDANAO: Lanao. Forest, c. 650m. 

Gymnema piperi Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 539; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: Piper 

485. 

MINDANAO: Davao. Thickets and secondary growth at low altitudes, commonly along 

the seashore. 

Gymnema schlechterianum Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 123; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

344. –Type: 

LUZON: Rizal, Quezon. Lowland thickets.

Gymnema tingens (Roxb.) Spreng., Syst. 1 (1825) 844; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 378; EPFP 3 

(1923) 344; --Asclepias tingens Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 21, nom. nud., Pl. Coromandel. 3 (1819) 

34, t. 239. –Type: 

India to Burma and Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. 

LUZON: La Union, Benguet, Bataan, Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: 

Bukidnon. Low altitude thickets and secondary growth. 

Gymnema uncarioides Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 541; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 345. –Type: 

BS 8218 Ramos. 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. Forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Heterostemma Wight & Arnott 

Heterostemma angustilobum Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 565; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 355. 

–Type: Elmer 10814 (NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, forests along Baruring 

River, altitude 3000ft, Jun 1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Thickets or forests, c. 900m. 

Heterostemma cuspidatum Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 630; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 355. – 

Type: Cuming 1449. 

LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, BUSUANGA, PALAWAN (Puerto Princesa, 

Tagbaros, km 17). Low altitude secondary forests and thickets. 

Heterostemma herbertii Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3074; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 355. –Type: Elmer 

17661 (BO, lecto, designated by PI Forster & Liddle, 1994; iso: NY*, US*), Elmer 18247 (BO, 

lectoparatype, designated by PI Forster & Liddle, 1994; NA*, NY*, US* ). 

LUZON: Laguna. Primary forests, c. 450m. 

Hoya R Brown 

Philippine Revision: 

Kloppenburg, D. 1996. Philippine Hoya Species, A Monograph. 157 pp., illustr., privately 

published. 

Hoya alagensis Kloppenb., Fraterna 1, no. 1 (1990); Philip. Hoya Sp. ed. 3 (1996) 29, fig. –Type: 

Merrill 5542 (B*, holo). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Alag River, altitude 150m, Nov 1906. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Alag River). 

Hoya angustisepala Schltr. ex CM Burton, Hoyan 8 (1987); --Kloppen., Philip. Hoya Sp. ed. 3 

(1996) 31, fig.; --Hoya angustisepala Schltr., ined.; --Hoya mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 

3584, not validly published, no Latin descr. –Type: Elmer 10829 (B*, holo; iso: BISH*, L*, NY*). 

Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Mt Apo, Todaya, forest along Sibulan River, altitude 3000 ft, Jun 

1909. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). 

Hoya anncajanoae Kloppenb. & Siar, Asia Life Sci. 17(1) 2008 62 (-66; figs. 4-6). –Type: CAHUP 

70358 Siar & Cajano 5923 (CAHUP, holo; iso: CAHUP 2 sheets). Luzon: Laguna prov., Siniloan 

municip., Barangay Kapatalan, altitude c. 300m, 29 Nov 2006. 

LUZON: Laguna

Hoya apoensis Kloppenb. & Siar 

Not in IPNI 

Hoya atimonensis Kloppenb. & Siar 

Not in IPNI 

#71718 (CAHUP) 

#69916 (CAHUP) 

Hoya aurantiaca Kloppenb.,Siar & Cajano, Asia Life Sci. 18(1) (2009) 140 (-144; figs. 1-3). –Type: 

CAHUP 70395 Siar & Cajano 5962 (CAHUP, holo). Luzon: Laguna prov., Siniloan municip., 

Barangay Kapatalan, altitude c. 300m, 19 Jul 2007. 

LUZON: Laguna 

Hoya benguetensis Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 301; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351; --Kloppenb., Philip. Hoya Sp. ed. 3 ( 

prov., Baguio, Mar 1904. 

LUZON: Benguet, SAMAR (Mt Concord; Mt Sohoton). Thickets or forests, 1200-1600m 

in Benguet. 

Hoya benitotanii 

Not in IPNI 

#2010-6 (UC) 

Hoya benvergarai Kloppenb. & Siar, Asia Life Sci. 17(1) (2008) 58 (-62; figs. 1-3). –Type: CAHUP 

70357 Siar & Cajano 5932 (CAHUP, holo). Luzon: Quezon prov., Dolores, altitude c. 30m. 

Type specimen from a cultivated plant. 

LUZON: Quezon 

Hoya bicknellii Kloppenb., Fraterna 12 no. 4 (1999) 12. –Type: Bicknell 1470 (UC, holo). Cebu: Cebu 

prov., Matutinao (Kawasan), Bidian. 

CEBU 

Hoya bicolensis Kloppenb. & Siar 

Not in IPNI 

#JP 1994 (UC) 

Hoya bicolor Kloppenb., Fraterna 16(1) (2003) 1. –Type: CAHUP 67050 (CAHUP, holo). Type 

material from UPLB plant breeding program, Los Banos, Laguna. Provenance: Luzon: Quezon 

prov., Mt Banahaw. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mt Banahaw). 

Hoya bilobata Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 301; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351. --Type: Copeland 420 

(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso: B*, L*, NY*, US*), Mindanao: Davao, epiphytic, Mar 1904. 

LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. On trees at low altitudes. 

Hoya blashernaezii Kloppenb., Fraterna 12 no. 1 (1999) 9. –Type: BISH 97093 BF Hernaez 

(BISH*, holo). From cultivated materials originally collected from Catanduanes by Blas F 

Hernandez in 22 Nov 1998. 

CATANDUANES. Low altitude. 

Hoya bordenii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 302; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351. --Type: FB 1213 TE 

Borden (B*, holo). Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, in forest, altitude 650m, Jun 

1904. 

LUZON: Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Bulacan, Cavite, Quezon, 

Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan). On trees in low and medium altitude forests. 

Hoya brittonii Kloppenb., Fraterna 4 th Quarter 1992. --Type: PNH 19519 (=BB Britton 256).

Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Calapan, Badoc, May 1953. 

MINDORO 

Hoya buotii Kloppenb., Fraterna 15(4) (2002) 1. --Type: CAHUP 67049 (CAHUP, holo). 

LUZON: Quezon 

Hoya burtoniae Kloppenb., Hoyan 12 #1 (1990). --Type: Loher sn (UC). Luzon: Rizal prov., 

Montalban, Sept 1909. 

LUZON: Rizal (Montalban). 

Hoya cagayanensis Schltr. ex CM Burton, Hoyan 8 #4 pt. 2 (1987) pp.b-c. –Type: BS 7374 

Ramos (B*, holo), Luzon: Cagayan prov., Mar 1909. 

Hoya elmeri Schltr., ined., Based on Elmer 8896 (B*, NY*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1907. 

LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Aurora (Casiguran), Quezon (Umiray), Laguna, PALAWAN 

(Mt Pulgar). 

Hoya camphorifolia Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip., 1 (1904) 129; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351. 

–Type: Warburg sn, Luzon: Quezon prov., Sampaloc. 

LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), MINDORO. From sea level 

to 1200m in riverine forests, secondary and primary forests. 

Hoya cardiophylla Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 310; EPFP 3 (1923) 351. --Type: BS 35160 Ramos & Pascasio (US*, iso). Di 

LEYTE: Leyte (Ormoc, Antilao River), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Kitanglad), Surigao del 

Norte, DINAGAT. On trees at low altitudes in Leyte, Dinagat, and Surigao del Norte. 

Hoya cembra Kloppenb., Fraterna 1, no. 1 (1990). --Type: Merrill 5650 (B*, holo). Mindoro: Mindoro 

Oriental prov., Alag River, scandent in thickets along river, altitude 300m, Nov 1906. Distributed as 

H leucantha Schltr, ined. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Alag River). 

Hoya coriacea Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1063; ---Kloppenb., Philip. Hoya Sp. ed. 3 (1996) 55, fig. 

Java, Philippines. 

PALAWAN (SW coast). No exsiccate cited 

Hoya coronaria Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16 (1826-27) 1063. 

Extra-Philippine distribution 

TAWI-TAWI. Based on BS 44098 Ramos & Edaño (B*), collected Jul-Aug 1924. 

Hoya crassicaulis (Elmer) Kloppenb., Fraterna 3 rd Quarter issue 1995; Philip. Hoya Sp. ed. 3 

(1996) 57, fig. --Type: Elmer 14440 (GH, not seen). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin (Mt Bulusan), 

altitude 250ft, Oct 1915. 

Merrill 4082 (US) and 11591, Weber 1003, Bolster 393, Elmer 14440, 16718. 

Hoya cumingiana Decne., in DC Prodr. 8 (1844) 636; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 351. --Type: Cuming 

1480 (L*, iso). Philippines, no further locality data. 

Java, Philippines. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Bataan, Rizal, Camarines, MINDORO, 

PABELLONES off N PALAWAN, TICAO. Chiefly on limestone cliffs and boulders in open 

places, 0-1600m. 

Hoya curtisii King & Gamble, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1903) 564

Extra-Philippine distribution 

PALAWAN 

Hoya davidcummingii Kloppenb., Fraterna 2 nd Quarter 1995. --Type: T Green 9 (BISH*, holo; UC). 

Described from cultivated materials collected from Luzon: Sorsogon prov,, 1.5 km from Lake Bulusan coming from Ir 

LUZON: Sorsogon (Lake Bulusan). 

Hoya darwinii Loher, Gard. Chron. 47 (1910) 66 (3 rd series); --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352.-- Type: 

LUZON: Rizal, Quezon, PANAY. Low or medium altitude forests. 

Loher 14574 (UC), Luz 

Hoya densifolia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 21, 1 (1848) 261. –Type from Java 

Hoya diversifolia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16 (1826-27) 1064. 

subsp. diversifolia 

Burma, Malaya 

subsp. el-nidicus (Kloppenb.) Kloppenb., Fraterna 14(1) (2001) 13; --Hoya el-nidicus Kloppenb., 

Fraterna 3rd Quarter (1991) 1. --Type: CAHUP 41931 JV Pancho (CAHUP, holo). Palawan: El 

Nido, Aug 1988 

Hoya edanoi CM Burton, Hoyan 12 # 2 pt. 2 (1990). --Type: BS 11655 Edaño (A). Negros: Negros 

Oriental prov., Lake Balinsasayao. 

NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Lake Balinsasayaw), TAWI-TAWI (BS 44121 Ramos & 

Edaño, B*). 

Hoya fischeriana Warb., Perkins Frag. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 129; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352. –Type: 

Warburg 11955, Luzon: Isabela prov., Malunu 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Aurora, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro, BILIRAN, 

DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. On trees at low altitudes. 

Hoya gigantanganensis Kloppenb., Fraterna 4 th Quarter (1992). --Type: PNH 36787 Kondo & 

LEYTE 

Edaño (PNH). Leyte: G 

Hoya golamcoana Kloppenb., Fraterna, 1991(3); Philip. Hoya Sp. Suppl. (1991) II, as 'golamcoiana' --Type: #41930 (CAHU 

PALAWAN 

Hoya greenii Kloppenb., Fraterna 2 nd Quarter (1995). --Type: T Green 7 (BISH*, holo). Described 

from cultivated materials collected from Mindanao: North Cotabato prov., Kidapawan, Mt Apo, trail 

to hot springs lake, 4000ft., 30 Oct 1993. 

MINDANAO: North Cotabato (Mt Apo). 

Hoya halconensis Schltr. ex Kloppenb., Fraterna 1 # 1 (Fall, 1990). --Type: Merrill 5674 (B*, holo). 

Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, scandent in mossy forest, altitude 900m., Nov 1906. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). 

Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenb., Hoyan 11 #1, pt. 2 (1989) i-ii. --Type: Pancho 2175 (CAHUP). 

Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Lake Bulusan, altitude c. 50m. 

subsp. heuschkeliana 

LUZON: Sorsogon 

subsp. cajanoae Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 20(4) (2007) 9 (-11; figs.). –Type: CAHUP 56574

Hernaez & Cajano (CAHUP, holo). 

Hoya imbricata Decne. in A DC Prodr. 8 (1844) 637; --Koord., PJS 15 (1919) 263, incl. forma typica, 

nom inval.; --DC. in Deless., Icon. Sel. P1. 5 (1846) 37, t. 90; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352. 

--Syntypes: Calléry sn (P, not seen). Luzon: Laguna prov., Calauan; --Deless., Icon. Sel. Fl. 5 

(1846) t. 90 

Hoya imbricata forma basisubcordata Koord., PJS 15 (1919) 264, t. 2, 3; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352. 

–Syntypes: BS 24910 Edaño, Samar, --BS 18893 RC McGregor. Biliran, --Copeland 399. 

Mindanao, Davao district, all apparently loaned from PNH, now lost. 

Hoya pseudomaxima Koord., PJS 15 (1919) 265; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 353. --Type: BS 22089 Ramos 

(US*, iso). Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Isarog, Nov-Dec 1913. Note: Protologue cites the type 

locality as Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, 7 Dec 1913. 

Hoya maxima (H Karst.) Warb. in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 3 (1907) 342, non Teijsm. & Binn. 

(1863); --Dischidia maxima Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 534; --Conchophyllum 

maximum H Karst., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 12 (1895) 158. --- Type: Not indicated but obviously 

Karsten’s own collection(s). 

Philippines, Sulawesi. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Isabela, Rizal, Laguna, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, 

BUSUANGA, PALAWAN (Puerto Princesa: St Paul Bay, Sabang beach; Tagbaros, km 

17 to Roxas; Quezon: Sinadan; Tamlangon), BILIRAN, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Agusan 

del Sur, Davao. Epiphytic at low and medium altitudes. 

Hoya imperialis Lindl., Bot. Register 1846, plate 68. --Type from Borneo 

Borneo and SW Philippines. 

PALAWAN. In mangroves. 

Hoya incrassata Warb. in Perkins Frag, Fl. Philip. (1904) 130; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352; --Type: 

Warburg 12998, 12997 (syntypes, not seen). Luzon: Quezon prov., Sampaloc. 

Hoya crassicaulis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3579, no Latin description. –Type: Elmer 14440 (NY*, iso). Luzon: 

Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, Oct 1915. 

Hoya reticulata Merr., PJS 17 (1921) 311; EPFP 3 (1923) 353, syn. non valid. –Type: BS 34530 Ramos & 

Pascasio (US*, iso). Mindanao: Surigao prov., in swampy tickets at low altitudes, 17 Apr 1919. 

Hoya orientalis PT Li, Bull. Bot. Res. (1984) 121. 

LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, BUSUANGA, 

PANAY, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Agusan, Surigao del Norte. On trees as well as 

swampy thickets at low altitudes. 

BS 3257 Ramos (US), 32384, 22822, 29232, 10431, 10336, 14730, 41223, BS 34530 

Ramos & Pascasio, BS 83385 Ramos & Convocar, BS 46166 Edaño (UC), Warburg 

14387 (sterile), Wenzel 2613 (BO, UC, A). 

Hoya intermedia Schltr. ex Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3574, in obs., nomen. --Based on FB 5177 WI 

Hutchinson (B*). Mindanao: Zamboanga prov., 1906. 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga 

Hoya juannguoiana Kloppenb.,Fraterna 15(2) (2002) 15. –Type: Kloppenburg 2001 (UC, holo). 

Palawan: Palawan prov., St Paul’s Underground River 

PALAWAN 

Hoya kentiana CM Burton, Hoyan 12 (3:2) (1991) iv. –Type: BS 28531 Ramos & Edaño (US*, holo). 

Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Binuang, May 1917. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mt Binuang). 

Hoya landgrantensis Kloppenb., Siar & Cajano, Asia Life Sci. 18(1) (2009) 147 (-150; figs. 7-9). 

–Type: CAHUP 70617 Siar & Cajano 5963 (CAHUP, holo; iso: CAHUP). Luzon: Laguna prov., 

Siniloan municip., Barangay Kapatalan, altitude c. 300m, 19 Jul 2007.

LUZON: Laguna. 

Hoya lazaroi Kloppenb. & Siar, Asia Life Sci. 17(1) (2008) 66 (-70; figs. 7-9); see also, Fraterna 21(4) 

(2008) 22 (-25; figs.). –Type: SV Siar & MAO Cajano 5942 (CAHUP 70361, holo). Type specimen 

from a cultivated plant originally collected from Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Banahaw, altitude c. 20m. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mt Banahaw). 

Hoya leytensis Elmer ex CM Burton, Hoyan 10 (1988) i. --Type: Elmer 7261 (US), Leyte: Palo, on 

tree branches, near sea-level. Jan 1906. 

Hoya leytensis Elmer, [LPB 10 (1938) 3582, invalid name, no Latin descr. 

LEYTE: Leyte (Dagami, Wenzel 19333; Cabalian, BS 41631 Lopez (US); Lake Bito, 

Glassman 790). 

Hoya linavergarae Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 19(4) (Oct-Dec 2006) 11. Figs. –Type: CAHUP 

68632 (CAHUP, holo). 

Hoya loheri Kloppenb., Fraterna 3 rd Quarter (1991) iii. --Type: Loher sn (UC, holo). Luzon: Rizal 

prov., Montalban, Mt Paningtingan, 15 Mar 1915. 

LUZON: Rizal (Montalban, Mt Paningtingan), Quezon. 

Hoya lucardenasiana Kloppenb., Siar & Cajano, , Asia Life Sci. 18(1) (2009) 144 (-147; figs. 4- 

6). –Type: SV Siar & MAO Cajano 5961 (CAHUP 70615, holo; iso: CAHUP). Luzon: Laguna 

prov., Siniloan municip., Barangay Kapatalan, altitude c. 300 m, 19 Jul 2007. 

LUZON: Laguna 

Hoya lucyae Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 19(4) (Oct-Dec 2006) 8, Figs. –Type: CAHUP 68633 

Bicknell (CAHUP, holo). Cebu, Jan 1998. 

CEBU 

Hoya macgregorii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 302; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 352. --Type: RC 

MacGregor 191 (B*, holo), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Baco River, Apr-May 1905. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Baco River; Bongabong, PNH 17764 Sulit), PALAWAN 

(Mt Pulgar =Thumb Peak), SAMAR (Mt Capotoan, BS 45570 Ramos, PNH 15541 

Edaño). On trees at low altitudes in the type locality. 

E. madulidii Klopp. syn Hoya coronarioides #357 (B) 

Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 318; EPFP 3 (1923) 352; --Stapelia meliflua 

Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 202. –Type: 

Hoya luzonica Schltr. in K Schum. & Laut., Nacht. Fl. Deutsch Sudsee (1904) 364; in Perkins, Frag. Fl. 

Philip. (1904) 130; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 380. --Type: Warburg 13765 (B*, holo). Luzon: 

Zambales prov., 

Hoya amblyolepis Schltr syn of Hoya meliflua syn. 

#4515 (B) 

LUZON: Apayao, La Union, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, MINDORO, PALAWAN 

(Taytay; Talimbobog), PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mati). 

On trees at low altitudes. 

What is Hoya amblyolepis Schltr. 

Based on FB 4515 Curran (B*) from Palawan, collected May 1906 

Hoya memoria Kloppenb., Fraterna 17 no. 4 (2004): 2 (1-3; photogrs.). –Type: xxxx 81074 (UC, 

holo). Luzon: Manila Memorial Garden, 1981.

LUZON: Manila. Described from cultivated material 

Hoya merrillii Schltr. in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 1313; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 353. – Type: 

Merrill 2218 (B*, holo; iso: A, NY*, US*). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Pola, May 1903. 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Cavite, Camarines, POLILLO, MINDORO: Mindoro 

Oriental, BOHOL, MINDANAO: Davao. On trees at low altitudes. 

Hoya mindorensis Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 302; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 353. --Type: RC 

MacGregor 332 (B*, holo). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Baco River, Apr-May 1905. 

Hoya mindorensis Schltr. syn Hoya erythrostemma 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental. On trees at low altitudes. 

Kloppenburg (1996) also adds the following: 

LUZON: BS 28222 Fenix; Rizal (PNH 36815 Santiago), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan, PNH 

2792 Sulit), NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns, Elmer 10267), SAMAR (Mt 

Sohoton, PNH 117696 Gutierrez), MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (PNH 38435 

Frake). 

subsp. superba Kloppenb., Fraterna 18(3) (2005) 1 (-4; photos). 

#2005 (UC) 

Hoya monetteae T Green, Fraterna 17(2) (2004) 10, (-15; figs.). #007 (BISH) 

Hoya obscura Elmer ex CM Burton, Hoyan 8 (1986) 15. --Type: Elmer 16719 (A, UC), Luzon: 

Hoya gracilis Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 352, non Schltr. (1908). 

Sulawesi, Philippines. 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), Quezon, Albay (Mt Malinao), Sorsogon, MINDORO, 

PANAY. In primary forests on ridges extending into the mossy forest, altitude c.1000m. 

Sorsogon prov., Irosin 

Hoya odetteae Kloppenb., Fraterna 11 (1998) 8. –Type: T Green 9801 (BISH*, holo). Described from 

cultivated plant from NW Mindanao: 6 km N of San Francisco & 14 km S of Sta Maria, growing on 

tree by river beside the bridge, 26 Feb 1998. 

MINDANAO: Davao (E base of Mt Apo). Epiphytic along riverbank. #5604 (BISH, UC) 

Hoya odorata Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 303; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 353. --Type: Merrill 3202 (B*, 

holo; iso: US). Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, epiphytic in mossy forest, altitude 1300m, 1 Jun 

1904. 

BATANES, LUZON: Ifugao, Bataan, Rizal (Mt Paningtingan), Laguna (Mt Makiling), 

Sorsogon, PANAY, NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Canlaon), Negros Oriental 

(Cuernos Mtns), CAMIGUIN. Mossy forests on ridges, 1200-2000m. 

Hoya palawanica Schltr. ex Kloppenb., Fraterna 1(1) (1990). --Type: Foxworthy 834 (B*, holo). 

Palawan: border of mangrove swamp, May 1906. 

POLILLO (Karlogan, PNH 8974 Fox), PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt 

Hilong-hilong, PNH 10664 Mendoza & Convocar). 

Hoya panayensis Kloppenb. & Siar 

# 32378 (UC) 

Hoya panchoi Kloppenb. ex CM Burton & DH Kent, Hoyan 13 #1, pt. 2 (1991) 1; --PI Forst. & 

Liddle, Austral. Syst. Bot. 7 (1994) 512. --Hoya bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3577, not

validly published, no Latin descr. --Type: Elmer 15937 (BISH*, BO, L*, NY*, US, iso). Luzon: 

Sorsogon prov., Irosin (Mt Bulusan), steep forested ravine at 1500 ft. elevation, May 1916. 

LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan). Forests, altitude c. 450-550m. 

Hoya paziae Kloppenb., Fraterna, 1(3), Philip. Hoya Sp. Suppl. (1990) VI; --Hoya eugeniodes Schltr., 

ined., --Type: Merrill 5618 (B*, holo). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, scandent in 

mossy forest, altitude 900m, Nov 1906. 

LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), PANAY: Antique (Mt 

Madya-as, BS 32374 McGregor, PNH 30730 Ramos & Edaño). Mossy forest, altitude 

900m on Mt Halcon. 

Hoya pentaphlebia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 330; EPFP 3 (1923) 353. --Type: BS 17411 Ramos 

(L*, NY*, US*, iso). Samar: Cauayan Valley, in damp forest, Mar 1914 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Pinamalayan), BILIRAN, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Surigao. 

Forests (including mangroves) at low altitudes. 

Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenb., Fraterna 12 (1999) 7. 96034 (CAHUP) 

LUZON: Laguna. Twining on trees and shrubs at low elevations. 

Hoya pubicalyx Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 131; EPFP 3 (1923) 353. --Type: BS 19484 Ramos & 

Edaño (not seen). Luzon: Quezon prov., Mauban, on trees along streams in damp forest, 24 Jan 

1913. 

LUZON: Quezon (Mauban). Forest near the seashore. 

Hoya querinoensis Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 20(4) (2007) 13 (-15; figs.). –Type: CAHUP 41946 

M Wayet (CAHUP, holo). Luzon: Quirino prov., 15 Sept 1988. 

Hoya quinquenervia Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 132; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 353. -- 

Type: Warburg 11956 (B, not seen). Luzon: Isabela prov., Malunu 

LUZON: Isabela (Malunu), Sorsogon. Forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Hoya quisumbingii Kloppenb., Fraterna 4 th Quarter (1992). --Type: PNH 79412 Quisumbing et al. 

(PNH). Batanes, Itbayat Is., Mar 1961. 

Hoya ramosii Kloppenb. & Siar 

#75500 (PNH) 

Hoya reticulata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 311; EPFP 3 (1923) 353. –Type: BS 34530 Ramos & Pascasio. 

Mindanao: Surigao, swampy thickets at low altitude, 17 Apr 1919. 

MINDORO, MINDANAO: Surigao. Low altitude swampy thickets in Surigao. 

Synonymous with H incrassata or H cardiophylla 

Hoya rizaliana Kloppenb., Fraterna 3 rd Quarter (1991) sect. 2, iv. --Type: Loher sn, (UC). Luzon: 

Rizal prov., Montalban, Oct 1909. 

Hoya rosarioae Kloppenb. & Siar 

#5268 (CAHUP) 

Hoya ruscifolia Decne., in DC Prodr. 8 (1844) 639. --Type: Callery s.n., Luzon: Igorrotes Mtns 

LUZON 

Hoya schallertiae CM Burton, Hoyan 3 no. 4 (1982) 96. –Type: Mearns sn (US*, iso). Mindanao: 

Cotabato prov., Rio Grande Valley, Seranaya, 11 Mar 1904. 

According to Kloppenburg (1996), this is a Dischidia. 

Hoya siariae Kloppenb., Fraterna 15 (2002) 1. 

#67052 (CAHUP)

Hoya soligamiana Kloppenb. & Siar 

#69916 (CAHUP) 

Hoya stoneana Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 19(4) (2006) 19. 

Hoya suragaoensis Kloppenb. & Siar 

71719 (CAHUP) 

Hoya tsangii CM Burton, Hoyan 9 #4 (1988) pt. 2, i-ii; --Hoya angustifolia Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3572, 

not validly published, no Latin descr. –Syntypes: Elmer 16340 (NY*), 16916 (NY*). Luzon: 

Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, in dense woody tangles, altitude 1000ft, Aug 1916; --Elmer 

13372 (A, CAS, L*, NY*, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Aug 

1912. 

Hoya viracensis Kloppenb. & Siar, Fraterna 19(4) (Oct-Dec 2006) 5, figs. 

CATANDUANES 

Hoya wayetii Kloppenb., Fraterna No. 2 (1993) 10. --Type: M Wayet 1989 (CAHUP, holo; iso UC). 

Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Nov 1989. 

LUZON: Benguet 

Hoya wibergiae Kloppenb., Fraterna 14(1) (2001) 5. –Type: Specimen prepared from cultivated 

material from Fresno, California by Kloppenburg (Hort. No. 951074) (UC*, holo). Origin: Palawan: 

Estrella Falls area 

PALAWAN 

Ined. Names: 

Hoya fitchii Kloppenb. 

Not in IPNI. 

Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar 

Not in IPNI 

#2006 (UC) 

#76365 (CAHUP) 

Hoya merlinii Suarez, ined. 

Hoya myrmecopa 

Hoya simonae Suarez, ined 

Invalidly published names: 

Hoya pubifera Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3588, not validly published, no Latin descr.; –Voucher: Elmer 

16971 (GH, L*, NY*). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. Forests, altitude c. 1500ft, Aug 1916. 

LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan). Forests, c. 450m. 

Check occurence in the Philippines: 

Hoya mitrata Kerr 

Hoya verticillata G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 128.

Ischnostemma Gamble 

Ischnostemma carnosum (R Br.) Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 121; --Merr., Fl. Manila 

(1912) 378; EPFP 3 (1923) 342. 

Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, tropical Australia. LUZON: La Union, Bataan, 

Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao. Thickets near the seashore. 

Marsdenia R Brown 

Marsdenia pachyglossa (Schltr.) PI Forster, Austral. Syst. Bot. xxxxx 

Gymnema pachyglossum Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 295; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 344. –Type: 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Batangas, MINDORO, 

PALAWAN, CAGAYAN DE SULU. Thickets and secondary growth at low altitudes, 

commonly along the seashore. 

Marsdenia pergulariformis Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 133; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

354. –Type: Warburg 13002 (B). 

LUZON: Quezon. Probably from thickets at low altitudes. 

Marsdenia philippinensis Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 133; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

354. –Type: 

LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna. Low altitude forests and thickets. 

Marsdenia tinctoria R Br., Mem. Wern. Soc. 1 (1809) 30; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 354; --Lu et al., Fl. 

Taiwan, ed. 2, 4 (1998) 237, photo 162. 

Tropical Africa and Asia. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, 

Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, 

LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Low and medium altitude primary and secondary 

forests. 

Marsdenia warburgii Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 133; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 354. – 

Type: Warburg 15026. 

MINDANAO: Cotabato. Low altitude thickets. 

Petalonema Schlechter non Gilg =Quisumbingia 

Quisumbingia Merrill 

Quisumbingia merrillii (Schlechtr.) Merr., Philip. J. Sc. 60 (1936) 33 

Petalonema merrillii Schlechtr., Fedde, Repert. 13 (1915) 544; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356. 

Schlechterianthus merrillii (Schlechtr.) Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 343. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets about limestone cliffs, 1200-1600m. 

Sarcostemma R Brown

Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. (1834) 59; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 342. 

India, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Bataan, Quezon, Batangas, PALAWAN (Quezon, 

Lipuun). Thickets, 0-1200m. 

Sarcolobus R Brown 

Sarcolobus globosus Wall., As. Res. 12 (1818) 568, t. 4. 

ssp. peregrinus (Blanco) Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 76. 

Sarcolobus peregrinus (Blanco) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 564; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 345; -- 

Asclepias peregrina Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 207. –Type: 

Vietnam, Mentawi to Borneo and the Philippines, Moluccas to New Guinea. Absent from 

Peninsular Malaysia and Java. LUZON: Bataan, Tayabas, PALAWAN (Puerto Princesa, 

Barangay San Vicente), LEYTE, MINDANAO. Tidal streams along edge of mangroves. 

Sarcolobus luzonensis (Warb.) PI Forster, Austral. Syst. Bot. 6 (1993) 352. 

Dorystephania luzonensis Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 123; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 345. 

LUZON: Isabela, Rizal, Bataan, Quezon. Low altitude streams subjected to periodic 

flashfloods, associated with Homonoia riparia and similar types of stenophyllous 

rheophytes, growing in crevices of rock ledges and boulders. 

Schlechterianthus Quisumbing =Quisumbingia 

Secamone R Brown 

Secamone attenuata Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 501; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 342. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Batangas, MINDORO, ROMBLON, 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Thickets at low and medium altitudes, ascending to 1000m. 

Secamone multiflora Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 501; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 342. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija. 

Thickets at low and medium altitudes. 

Secamone rectinervis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 537; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. 

LUZON: Benguet, Rizal, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao. Primary forests at low 

and medium altitudes. 

Secamone urdanetensis Elmer ex Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4 (1939) 59. –Type: Elmer 13585 (BO, 

holo). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta. Aug 1912. 

Streptocaulon Wight & Arnott 

Streptocaulon baumii Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 496; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 377; EPFP 3 

(1923) 340. 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur, La Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, 

Quezon, Albay, MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN (Aborlan: Mt Apis, Talakaigan River). 

Thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes. Common.

Streptocaulon cumingii (Turcz.) Fernandez-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 132; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 340. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Benguet, Pangasinan, Zambales, Rizal, Laguna, CEBU. Thickets 

and forests at low and medium altitudes. 

Telosma Coville 

Telosma filipes (Schltr.) Rahman & Wilcock, Blumea 34 (1990) 519; --Pergularia filipes Schltr. in 

Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 135; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 356, under synonymy of Telosma 

procumbens. –Type: Warburg 13767. Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Arayat. 

Telosma parviflora Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 312; EPFP 3 (1923) 355. --Type: BS 35011 Ramos & 

Pascasio (US*, iso). Siargao: Dry forests at low altitudes, 27 May 1919. 

LUZON: Quezon, SIARGAO. Low altitude forests. 

Telosma procumbens (Blanco) Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 243; Fl. Manila (1912) 379; EPFP 3 

(1923) 356. 

Telosma angustiloba (Warb.) Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 243; EPFP 3 (1923) 355; --Pergularia angustiloba 

Warb. In Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 134. –Type: Cuming 1334. Luzon: Cagayan prov. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte to Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN (Talimbong; Brooke’s 

Point: Barangay Amat, Macagua), CUYO, NEGROS, BILIRAN, LEYTE, BASILAN, 

MINDANAO. Thickets and forests at low altitudes. 

Cultivated: 

Telosma cordata (Burm.f.) Merr., PJS 19 (1921) 372; EPFP 3 (1923) 355. 

Telosma odoratissima (Lour.) Coville, Contr. US Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 384; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 379. 

Toxocarpus Wight & Arnott 

Toxocarpus batanensis Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 46. --Type: Hatusima 

28634. 

Ichnocarpus volubilis (Lour.) sensu Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 336, excluding cited plants from Batan. 

BATAN. A frequent climber in littoral thickets. Hatusima 28782, 28831. According 

to Hatusima (l.c.) “This may be a species from BATAN Islands identified by ED 

Merrill…with Ichnocarpus volubilis Merr. …somewhat resembles T. rubricaulis Elmer 

from LUZON, but differs from it by its much broader leaves with fewer lateral nerves and 

reticulated undersurfaces, and its larger follicles”. 

Toxocarpus glaucus Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 505; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: 

Cuming 1571. 

Toxocarpus gracilis Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 506; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: Cuming 1559. 

Mindoro. 

LUZON; Ilocos Norte, Tayabas, MINDORO, PALAWAN (Mt Pulgar =Thumb Peak). Low 

altitude forests or thickets. 

Toxocarpus loheri Schltr. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 122; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: 

Loher 4032. 

LUZON: Abra, Rizal, Laguna. Low and medium altitude forests. 

Toxocarpus merrillii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 295; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343. –Type: Merrill 

2810.

LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, LEYTE. Low altitude secondary forests. 

Toxocarpus rubricaulis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3075; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 343; --PI Forst. & Liddle, 

Austral. Syst. Bot. 7 (1994) 516. –Type: Elmer 18297 (BO, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Makiling, 

Jun or Jul 1917. 

LUZON: Laguna. Low altitude secondary forests. 

Tylophora R Brown 

Tylophora angustifolia Schltr., in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 124; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 345. 

–Type: BS 7043 Ramos. 

LUZON: Lepanto, Rizal. Thickets at low and medium altitudes. 

Tylophora brevipes (Turcz.) Fernandez-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 134; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

345. –Type: Cuming 1431. 

Tylophora hybostemma Warb. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 125; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type: 

Warburg 13770. Luzon: Zambales prov. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN (Quezon: Ampaplot). 

Thickets at low altitudes. 

Tylophora clemensiae Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 562; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type: 

Clemens 529. 

LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Lanao. Thickets at low and 

medium altitudes. 

Tylophora elmeri Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 296; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346; --PI Forst. & Liddle, 

Austral. Syst. Bot. 7 (1994) 515. –Type: Elmer 5980 (BO, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., 

Baguio, Mar 1904. 

Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets, c. 1300m. 

Tylophora hispida Decne., in DC Prodr. 8 (1844) 610; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 

5 (1966) 46. –Type: 

S China, Ryukyus, Taiwan and the Philippines: BATAN: Mt Iraya, E slope. Open thicket, 

100m. Locally rare. Hatusima s.n. 

Tylophora joloensis Schltr., in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 126; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. – 

Type: Warburg 14956 (B). 

JOLO. Probably in thickets at low altitudes. 

Tylophora lancilimba Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 53; EPFP 4 (1925) 254. --Type: Loher 14834. Luzon: 

Rizal prov., without definite locality, Aug 1914. 

LUZON: Rizal. No recorded habitat data. 

Tylophora luzonica Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 296; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type: Elmer 

5585 (NY*, iso). Luzon: La Union prov., Bauang, Feb 1904. 

LUZON: La Union, Benguet, Cagayan. Thickets, ascending to 1200m. 

Tylophora perrottetiana Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8 (1844) 609; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type: 

Tylophora merrillii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 297; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 379. –Type: Merrill 3648 (NY*, 

US*, iso). Luzon: Rizal prov., Caloocan, roadside thickets near sea-level, Nov 1903. 

Tylophora rizalensis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 563. –Type: BS 12532 Ramos (US*, iso). Luzon: Rizal prov., Nov-Dec 1 

Tylophora exilis Schltr., in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 125; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type:

Warburg 13551, 13552. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, La Union, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Pangasinan, 

Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, PALAWAN (Quezon: Sinadan). 

Thickets at low altitudes. 

Tylophora ramosii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 563; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: BS 

7700 Ramos (US*, iso). Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov., Mar 1909. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province. Forests, up to 1100m. 

Tylophora setosa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 563; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347; --PI Forst. & 

Liddle, Austral. Syst. Bot. 7 (1994) 517. –Type: Elmer 11962 (BO, L*, NY*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt 

Apo, Todaya, scandent upon small trees of humid forests at 4500ft on the Talon side of the mountain range, Oct 19 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Forests or thickets, c. 1370m. 

Tylophora villosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1827) 1061. 

var. glauciramea (Schltr.) Schneidt, xxx 

Tylophora glauciramea Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 562; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 346. –Type: Merrill 

4165 

Tylophora tonsa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 564; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: Merrill 7187 (L*, 

MO*, US*, iso). Lambucan (in Sulu Sea). Thickets behind sandy beach, Sept 1910. 

LUZON: Tayabas, BANTON, SEMIRARA, ROMBLON, CATANDUANES, PANAY, 

PALAWAN (Talimbong; Puerto Princesa: St Paul Bay, Sabang beach), LAMBUCAN (in 

Sulu Sea). Thickets along the seashore. 

Tylophora whitfordii Schltr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 297; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 347. –Type: Whitford 

898. Luzon: Quezon prov., Gumaca, Sept 1904. 

LUZON: Quezon (Gumaca). Nipa tidal stream. Distinct from T. perrottetiana Decne. 

Cultivated: 

Cryptostegia R Brown 

Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R Br., Bot. Reg. (1819) t. 435; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 376; 

EPFP 3 (1923) 340. –Type: 

Native of India, now pantropic in cultivation. Planted for ornamental purposes.

Family 248. ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias Linnaeus Native of the ...

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