Family 233. ERICACEAE 1. Costera JJ Smith Philippines, Moluccas ...

Family 233. ERICACEAE 

Revisions: 

Argent, G 

Copeland, HF. 1929. Philippine Ericaceae, I. The species of Rhododendron. Philippine Journal of 

Science 40: 133-179, +16 pl. 

Copeland, HF. 1930. Philippine Ericaceae, II The species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of 

Science 42: 537-607, +7 pl. 

Copeland, HF. 1932. Philippine Ericaceae, III: A taxonomic revision, concluded. Philippine 

Journal of Science 47: 57-118, +8 pl. 

Sleumer, H. 1966. Ericaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 6: 469-914. 

1. Costera JJ Smith 

Revision: 


Journal of Science 47: 82-86 (as Iaera), t. 6, Fig. 1-9; t. 7, Fig. 1-5. 

Costera lanaensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw & JJ Sm, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 13 (1935) 421; -- Sleum., Blumea 11 (19 

--Vaccinium lanaense Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 161; EPFP 3 (1923) 250. --Type: Clemens 431(PNH, holo, lost). 

Philippines, Moluccas (Morotai; Talaud Is.). 

NEGROS: Negros Oriental prov. (Cuernos Mtns); PANAY: Capiz prov. (Mt Bulilao); 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga (Sax River, San Ramon), Lanao del Norte prov. (Camp 

Keithley, type locality); Davao: (Mt Apo, type locality of Vaccinium medinilloides Elmer). 

Midmontane forest, humid river gullies, etc., epiphytic on branches, 700-1300m. 

Costera loheri (Merr.) Airy Shaw & JJ. Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 13 (1935) 421; --Iaera 

loheri (Merr.) HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 85, t. 7, Fig. 1-5. --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 3; -- 

Vaccinium loheri Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 323; EPFP 3 (1923) 250. --Type: Loher 6187 (PNH, 

holo, lost; US). 

LUZON: Rizal (Sierra Madre Range E of Montalban); PANAY: Iloilo (Miag-ao). In mossy 

forest, probably above 1000m. 

Costera lucida (Merr.) Airy Shaw & JJ Sm, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 13 (1935) 421; --Iaera 

lucida (Merr.) HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 85, t. 6, Fig. 7-9; --Diplycosia lucida Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) 

Bot. 28. --Type: BS 23504 (PNH, holo, lost; US). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Kilibong 

Vaccinium costeroides Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248. –Type: 

LUZON: Sorsogon. Epiphytic in the mossy forest at c. 1000m. Fl./fr. Aug. Known only 

from the type collection. 

2. Dimorphanthera (Drude) F Mueller ex JJ Smith 

Revisions: 

H Copeland, HF. 1932. Philippine Ericaceae, III: A taxonomic revision, concluded. Philippine 

Journal of Science 47: 86-93, t. 7, Fig. 6-7; t. 8, Fig. 1-4. 

Sleumer, H. 1961. Florae Malesianae Praecursores XXVI. The genus Dimorphanthera F.v.M., 

Nova Guinea, Bot. no. 7: 73-102. 

Dimorphanthera apoana (Merr.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. 55 (1918) 185, in text; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

252; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 89, t. 7, Fig. 6-7, t. 8, Fig. 1-4; --Sleum., Nova Guinea, Bot. no. 7 

(1961) 83; --Vaccinium apoanum Merr., Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. 29 (1905) 39. --Type: Copeland 

1105 (PNH, holo, lost; iso K, NY, US). 

Vaccinium calelanum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1096. –Type:

var. apoana 

PANAY: Antique (Mt Madiaas); NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Silay; Mt Kanlaon), 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo; Mt Calelan; Mt McKinley), Bukidnon (Mt Candoon; Mt 

Kitanglad; Mt Kinasalapi). In mossy forest, often on exposed ridges or in summit 

vegetation, 1200-2450m. Fl. Jan-Dec 

var. mindanaensis (Merr.) PF Stevens, J. Arnold Arb. 58 (1977) 439; --Dimorphanthera 

mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 418; EPFP 3 (1923) 252; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 92; 

--Sleum., Nova Guinea, Bot. no. 7 (1961) 82. --Type: FB 4708 Mearns & Hutchinson (PNH, lecto, 

lost). Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., Mt Malindang, 

MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Bukidnon (Mt Lipa). Mossy forest, c. 

1700m. Twice found. 

3. Diplycosia Blume 

Revisions: 


Journal of Science 47: 63-82, t. 1, Fig. 6-7; t. 2, Fig. 1-6; t. 3, Fig. 1-5; t. 4, Fig. 1-2; t.5, 

Fig. 1-2. 

Sleumer, H. 1957. Florae Malesianae Praecursores XIV. A revision of the genus Diplycosia 

(Ericaceae). Reinwardtia 4: 119-161. 

Diplycosia apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1101 (‘apoense’); --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: BISH*, BO, E, FI, K, L*, MO*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Calelan. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Calelan), Bukidnon (Mt Lipa). In dwarfed mossy forest, on 

exposed peaks and ridges, c. 2500m. Fl. Sept. 

Diplycosia heterophylla Blume Bijdr. (1826) 858. --Type from Java. 

var. latifolia (Blume) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 156; --Diplycosia latifolia Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 858. 

--Type: 

Diplycosia baclayensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1100; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 

78. --Type: Elmer 11595 (PNH, holo, lost; iso in E, K, L*, MO*, NY*). Mindanao: Davao del Sur 

prov., Mt Apo 

S Thailand; Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Java, Borneo (Sarawak, C& E, SE 

part), S Philippines. 

MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). Free standing treelet or shrub to 6m, or an 

epiphyte in montane forest, especially in mossy forest, 1000-2500m. 

Diplycosia loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 44; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 67, t. 1, 

Fig. 6-7; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 131. --Type: Loher 13693 (PNH, holo, lost; E, fragment of 

type; US). 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya (Caraballo Mtns). Known only from the type collection. 

Diplycosia luzonica (A Gray) Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 293; EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., 

PJS 47 (1932) 71, t. 2, Fig. 3-6; t. 3; t. 4, Fig. 1. --Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143; --Gaultheria 

luzonica A Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sc. 5 (1861) 324. --Type: USS Pacif. Expl. Exp. (GH, 

holo; iso US). 

Diplycosia scandens Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 219; EPFP 3 (1923) 247. --Type: Merrill 4597 (cited as 

‘4579’) (PNH, holo, lost; iso in BO, K, L*, NY*, US*). Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. 

Diplycosia fasciculiflora Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 52; EPFP 3 (1923) 246. --Type: BS 37811 Ramos & 

Edaño (PNH, holo, lost). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt Polis. 

var. luzonica 

LUZON: Abra, Kalinga (Balbalasang), Mountain Province (Mt Data; Mt Pukis), Ifugao 

(Mt Polis), Benguet (Mt Simacoco; Mt Pulag; Mt Pulogloco; Mt Baudan), Laguna (Mt

Banahaw), CATANDUANES (Mt Mariguidon); BILIRAN (Mt Suiro), NEGROS: Negros 

Occidental (Canlaon Volcano), Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns), MINDANAO: Misamis 

Occidental (Mt Malindang). Both in mossy forest or forest edge, and on dry exposed 

grassland-slope, 1100-2700m. Fl./fr. Jan.-Dec. 

var. calelanensis (Elmer) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 144; --Diplycosia calelanensis Elmer, LPB 3 

(1911) 1103; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 74, t. 5, Fig. 1. --Type: Elmer 

11681 (US, holo; iso: A, BISH*, BO, CAL, E, FI, K, L*, MO*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt 

Calelan, epiphytic shrub on stunted trees or shrubs on the summit, 8500ft, Sept 1909. 

Diplycosia glabra Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 442; EPFP 3 (1923) 247. --Type: BS 31784 JK Santos (PNH, 

holo, lost; Iso in A, BO, CAL, K, L*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Pauai. 

Diplycosia opaca C Robinson, PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 355; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., PJS 47 

(1932) 77, t. 5, Fig. 2. --Type: BS 9385 Robinson (PNH, holo, lost; iso in US*). Luzon: Quezon 

prov., Infanta, Mt Binuang, Aug 1909. 

LUZON: Benguet (Mt Sto Tomas; Mt Ugo; Pauai), Rizal (Montalban; Pinauisan), Quezon 

(Mt Binuang), Sorsogon, PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt 

Calelan); South Cotabato (Mt Matutum). In forest, especially in dwarfed mossy forest on 

exposed peaks and ridges, 900- 2500m. 

var. merrittii (Merr.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 144; --Diplycosia merrittii Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) 

Bot. 293; EPFP 3 (1923) 247. --Type: Merrill 5670 (PNH, holo, lost; iso in K, L*, NY*, US*). 

Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, Nov 1906. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Lipa); reported 

from PALAWAN: Mt Victoria by H Copeland. 

var. pubens Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143. --Type: BS 40397 Ramos & Edaño (L*, holo; iso: A, 

BO, K, SING*, US*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Pulogloco, Sept 1921. 

LUZON: Benguet (Mt Pulag; Mt Pulogloco). 

Diplycosia parvifolia Merr. PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 211; EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 

81; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 137. --Type: Merrill 6995 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: K, L*). Negros: 

Negros Occidental prov., Mt Kanlaon, altitude c. 1500m. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis); NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon). In mossy forest, 

1500-1855m. 

Diplycosia trinervia Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1102; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., PJS 47 

(1932) 68; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 142. --Type: Elmer 11676a (US*, holo; E, K, L*, NY*, 

PNH). Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Todaya, Mt Apo, elfinwoods at the summit of Mt Calelan, 

Sept 1909. 

Diplycosia luzonica Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1105, non A Gray. 

var. trinervia 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Calelan). In dwarfed mossy forest, c. 2500m. Fl. Sept. 

var. urdanetensis (Elmer) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143; --Diplycosia urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 

7 (1915) 2628; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 247. --Type: Elmer 13800 (PNH, holo, lost; iso; A, BISH*, BO, CAL, E, GH, K, L*, 

Urdaneta (=Hilong-hilong). Mossy forest, epiphytic on mossy trunk, c. 2000m, Sept 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong). Mossy forest, c. 2000m. Fl. Sept. 

Known only from the type collection. 

4. Gaultheria Kalm ex Linnaeus 

Revisions: 


Journal of Science 47: 57-63, t. 1, Fig. 1-5. 

Sleumer, H. 1957. Florae Malesianae Praecursores XV. The genus Gaultheria in Malaysia.

Reinwardtia 4: 163-188. 

Gaultheria borneensis Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. II, Bot. 4 (1894) 190, t. 15, Fig. C 4-6; --Merr., EPFP 

3 (1923) 246; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 163-188. --Type from Borneo (Sabah: Mt Kinabalu). 

Gaultheria itoana Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formosa (1908) 150, t. 25. 

Gaultheria benguetensis HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 58, pl. 1, Fig. 4&5. –Type: Merrill 4796 (PNH, holo, 

lost; iso: K*, NY*, US*). Luzon: Benguet prov., Pauai to Baguio, Oct-Nov 1905. 

Borneo (Sabah: Mt Kinabalu) and the Philippines. 

LUZON: Mountain Province (Mt Data), Benguet (Halsema Road; Pauai; Mt Pulag). 

Prostrate, not rarely cushion-like shrublet in ± open places along pine forest edges, also 

on talus along road, 1800-2400m. Fl./fr. Jan.-Dec. 

Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 856. 

var. leucocarpa forma cumingiana (Vidal) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 179; --Gaultheria 

cumingiana Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 184; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246, pro parte; -- 

HF Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 61, t. 1, Fig. 2. --Type: Cuming 934 (cited as ‘932’, MA, holo; iso: 

BM, K*, L*, MEL). Luzon: Albay prov., Mt Mayon, year 1841. 

Upper Burma, SW and S China, N Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Sumatra, E Java, Philippines. 

LUZON: Kalinga (trail to Balbalasang), Benguet (Mt Sto Tomas; Baguio; Baguio- 

Ambuklao Road; Mt Pulag; Buguias; Abatan; Bucao; Halsema Road), Mountain Province 

(Mt Data; Besao, Agawa; Datakan), Ifugao (Mt Polis), Zambales (Mt Pinatubo), Laguna 

(Mt Banahaw; Mt San Cristobal), Albay (Mt Mayon). Usually in open, exposed sites in 

the montane zone (common in the pine belt of the Cordillera Highlands), c. 900-2500m. 

On steep slopes, exposed outcrops along roadcuts, crater margins, gravelly ground, 

volcanic or occasionally peaty and generally poor soil, occasionally epiphytic. Fl. Jan- 

Dec. 

var. psilocarpa (HF Copel.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 183; --Gaultheria psilocarpa HF Copel., 

PJS 47 (1932) 62, t. 1, Fig. 3. --Type: BS 38903 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BRI, 

L). Mindanao: Bukidnon prov., Mt Candoon. 

Gaultheria cumingiana (non Vidal) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246, pro parte; 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Mahayhay =probably within Mt Banahaw complex; once found 

in Luzon), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), NEGROS: Negros Occidental 

(Canlaon Volcano), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Candoon), Davao (Mt Calelan). Alt.1800- 

2800m. 

Iaera H Copeland =Costera 

5. Rhododendron Linnaeus 

Revisions: 

Copeland, HF. 1929. Philippine Ericaceae, I: The species of Rhododendron. Philippine Journal of 

Science 40: 133-179, +16 plates. 

Sleumer, H. 1960. Rhododendron in Malaysia. Reinwardtia 5: 45-231. 

Rhododendron acrophilum Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 333; Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 

(1960) 130. --Type: PNH 34 Edaño (A, holo; BM, K, L*, PNH, US*). Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. 

Mossy forest, c. 1725m, 13 May 1947. 

PALAWAN: Mt Mantalingahan. Known only from the type collection. Fl. May. 

Rhododendron apoanum Stein, Gartenflora 34 (1885) 194, t. 1196; --Merr., EPFP (1923) 243; --H 

Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 146; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 99. --Type: Schadenberg sn (year

1882, B, holo; lost). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo and adjacent higher peaks), Bukidnon (Mt Lipa; Mt 

Kitanglad), Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong). Mossy forest on peaks and ridges, 

1380-2930m, apparently not rare on Mt Apo. Fl. Mar, May-Oct. 

Rhododendron bagobonum HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 151, t. 4, Fig. 1-2; Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 

(1960) 154. --Type: MS Clemens sn (UC*, holo). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Jun 1924. 

Borneo (Sarawak; C and E Borneo), Philippines. 

PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan), CAMIGUIN (Mt Hibok-hibok), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt 

Apo). Probably an epiphyte (fide HF Copel.), other local ecological notes not clearly 

stated. Those given by Sleumer are largely based on Borneo: in primary mossy forest on 

mountain ridges, heath forest, mostly open sunny places, 900-2135m.Fl. Jan-Dec 

Rhododendron brachygynum HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137, 165, t. 11, Fig. 4-6; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 2 

Sudlon. 

CEBU: Sudlon. Known only from the type collection. 

Rhododendron edanoi Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 83 (1953) 333. --Type: PNH 153 Edaño (A, holo; 

iso: BM, K, L*, PNH, US*). Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. Mossy forest, alt. 1725m, 13 May 1947. 

ssp. edanoi 

PALAWAN: Cleopatra Needle; Thumb Peak; Mt Mantalingahan. Fl. May. 

The other subspecies in Borneo. 

Rhododendron jasminiflorum Hook., Bot. Mag. (1850) t. 4524. 

var. copelandii (Merr.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 130; --Rhododendron copelandii Merr., Publ. 

Govt. Lab. No. 29 (1905) 42; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 158, t.7, Fig. 1-5. --Type: EB Copeland 

1439 (PNH, holo, lost; L*, lecto; iso: A, K, NY*, P, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo summit 

thickets, Oct 1904. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). High-montane thickets, 2350-3100m. Fl. Mar-Nov. 

Rhododendron javanicum (Blume) Benn. in Benn. & Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1838) 85 (excl. t. 19). 

ssp. palawanense Argent, Gard. Bull. Sing. 56 (2004) 90. –Type: Argent & Romero Acc. 19922770 

(PNH, holo; iso: E). Cultivated specimen collected 16 Jan 1998. Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. 

PALAWAN (Cleopatra Needle; Thumb Peak; Victoria Peak; Mt Mantalingahan). 

ssp. schadenbergii (Warb.) Argent, Rhododendrons of Subgenus Vireya (2006) 247; -- 

Rhododendron javanicum var. schadenbergii (Warb.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 195; -- 

Rhododendron schadenbergii Warb. in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philip. 3 (1905) 172; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 245, pro parte; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 170, t. 15, Fig. 2, t. 16, Fig. 3-4. --Type: 

Schadenberg, sn (B, holo, lost). Luzon: Abra prov., altitude 1300m. 

Rhododendron spectabile Merr., Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. no. 29 (1905) 42; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245; 

--H Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 168, t. 13, Fig. 4-5, t. 14. --Type: EB Copeland 1438 (PNH, lecto, lost; 

A; E, fragm. ex PNH; K; iso US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Oct 1904. 

Rhododendron clementis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 160, 381; EPFP 3 (1923) 243; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 167, t. 12, Fig. 1 

Sur prov. Camp Keithley, Oct 1906. 

LUZON: Apayao (Mt Magnas), Kalinga (Tinglayan), Ifugao (Mt Polis), Abra, Mountain 

Province, Benguet, PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan), CAMIGUIN (Hibok-hibok Volcano), 

JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga (Sax River); Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley, along 

Lake Lanao), Bukidnon (Kaatoan), Davao (Mt Apo; Mt Calelan), South Cotabato (Mt 

Matutum). Low to high montane primary and secondary forests, also near volcanic 

craters, narrow ridge crests, steep slopes, in rather dry grounds, between rocks, along 

streams, etc., altitude 600-2900m. Mostly epiphytic, but on Mt Apo also reported as a 

terrestrial shrub.

Rhododendron kochii Stein, Gartenflora 34 (1885) 193, t. 119; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 243; --HF 

Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 160, t. 7, Fig. 6-7, t. 8, t. 11, Fig. 1; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 212. – 

Type: Schadenberg sn (B, holo, lost); Elmer 11435 (L*, neotype; iso: A, BM, BO, E, FI, GH, K, NY*, 

U). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug 1909. 

LUZON: Mountain Province, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna (Mt San Cristobal; Mt 

Banahaw), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon; Ilong Peak), NEGROS: Negros 

Occidental (Mt Kanlaon), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo; Mt McKinley), Lanao del Sur 

(Camp Keithley along Lake Lanao), Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang). H Copeland 

also mentions BS 692 Foxworthy from PALAWAN (Mt Victoria) as possibly conspecific 

but because material is merely in fruit, cannot be positively identified. Nonetheless, this 

is the only Rhododendron seen by him from PALAWAN. On ridges on mossy forest, 

1000-2300m. Fl. Jan-Dec 

Rhododendron leytense Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) 55; EPFP 3 (1923) 244; -- HF Copel., PJS 40 

holo, lost; iso: BM; E, fragm. ex PNH; K, L*, P, US*). Leyte: Mt Ibuni (back of Dagami). 

Rhododendron flaviflorum Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 244, in obs. pro R. leytense. 

var. leytense 

LUZON: Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan); LEYTE: Mt Ibuni (back of Dagami), Mt Lobi, 

CAMIGUIN. Mossy forest, probably above 1000m. 

(1929) 165, t. 11, Fig. 

var. loheri (HF Copel.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 218; --Rhododendron loheri HF Copel., PJS 40 

(1929) 166, t. 11, Fig. 10-12. --Type: Loher 14769 (PNH, holo, lost; E, fragm. ex PNH; UC). Luzon: 

Rizal prov., Guiniuisan. 

LUZON: Rizal (Guiniuisan). Known only from the type collection. 

Rhododendron loboense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137, 172, t. 15, Fig. 3, t. 16, Fig. 5-6; Sleum., 

Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 130. --Type: FB 28045 Mabesa (PNH, holo, lost; A, E, fragm.). Luzon: 

Batangas prov., Lobo Mtns. 

LUZON: Batangas (Lobo Mtns), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), CAMIGUIN 

(Mt Hibok-hibok). Fl. Apr. 

Rhododendron madulidii Argent, New Plantsman 5(4) (1998) 204. –Type: 

PALAWAN: Mt Mantalingahan, near Brookes Point. 

Rhododendron mendumiae Argent, Gard. Bull. Sing.56 (2004) 82, Fig. 2. –Type: 

PALAWAN: Cleopatra Needle. 

Rhododendron mindanaense Merr., Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. no. 29 (1905) 41; EPFP 3 (1923) 

244; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 164, t. 7, Fig. 10-11, t. 11, Fig. 3; Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 

219. --Type: EB Copeland 1042 (PNH, holo, lost), De Vore & Hoover 73 (PNH, paratype, lost; 

A; E, fragm. ex PNH). 

MINDANAO: Mt Apo. Mossy dwarfed shrub vegetation near summit, 2700-2895m. Fl. 

Jul, Aug. 

Rhododendron nortontiae Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 220; EPFP 3 (1923) 244; --HF Copel., PJS 

40 (1929) 149, t. 2, Fig. 2-4; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 103. --Type: Clemens 500 (PNH, holo, 

lost; E, fragm., sterile). Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Camp Keithley, altitude 800m. 

Rhododendron catanduanense Merr., in HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 149, t.2, Fig. 5-6. --Type: BS 30346 

Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; E, fragm., sterile; iso: US*). Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, altitude 270m, 

Nov-Dec 1917. 

CATANDUANES (Mt Mariguidon, alt. 270m). NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos 

Mtns), MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley, alt. 800m).

Rhododendron quadrasianum Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 170; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 

140, t. 1, Fig. 1, 2 (not typical); –Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 244; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65. 

--Type: Vidal (K, holo). Luzon: Albay prov., Mt Mayon. 

var. quadrasianum 

LUZON: Camarines Sur (Mt Isarog), Albay (Mt Mayon). Rocky open slopes, 1330- 

2100m, abundant. Fl./fr. May-Jun. 

var. davaoense (HF Copel.) Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65; --Rhododendron quadrasianum forma davaoense HF C 

holo, lost; iso: GH, K, L*, NY, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, 31 Mar 1905. 

Rhododendron quadrasianum forma negrosense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 142, t. 1, Fig. 6. --Type: Merrill 

Philip. Pl. 247 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: FI, L*, U, US*). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Mt Kanlaon, 

Apr 1910. 

LUZON: Laguna-Quezon (Mt Banahaw; Mt Mahayhay), Sorsogon (Mt Bagaua), LEYTE, 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Canlaon; Mt Mapara), Negros Oriental (Cuernos 

Mtns), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo), South Cotabato (Mt Matutum). Dense mossy forest 

on summits, 1600-2440m. Fl./fr. Jan-Dec. 

var. intermedium Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 244; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 

143, t. 1, Fig. 11, 12, 29; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 66. --Type: FB 8063 Curran & Merritt 

(PNH, holo, lost; US*). Luzon: Zambales prov., Nov-Dec 1907. 

LUZON: Abra (Mt Paraga), Mountain Province (Mt Sisipitan), Benguet, Zambales (Mt 

Tapulao; Mt Pinatubo). Open exposed ridges, 2000-2400m. 

var. malindangense (Merr.) HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 142, t. 1, Fig. 7, 8; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 

(1960) 66; --Rhododendron malindangense Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 256; EPFP 3 (1923) 244. 

--Type: FB 4705 Mearns & Hutchinson (PNH, holo, lost; iso: BO, K, NY, US*). Mindanao: Misamis 

Occidental prov., Mt Malindang, May 1906. 

CAMIGUIN (Mt Hibok-hibok), MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), 

Bukidnon (Mt Candoon; Mt Kitanglad), Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong); Mossy 

forest, 1000-1600m. Fl./fr. Mar-Sept. 

var. marivelesense (HF Copel) Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 66; --Rhododendron quadrasianum 

forma marivelesense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 141, t. 1, Fig. 3, 4, 25-27. --Type: Merrill 3215 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: BM, K, L*, 2 sheets, NY, P, US*). Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao 

River, Oct 1903. 

LUZON: Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna (Mt Makiling; Mt San Cristobal), Batangas 

(Mt Agas), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), LEYTE (Wenzel 930, cited by H 

Copeland but not by Sleumer). Mossy forest, 1200-2500m. Fl./fr. Mar-Nov. 

var. rosmarinifolium (Vidal) HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 144, t. 1, Fig. 13-18; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 245; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65; --Rhododendron rosmarinifolium Vidal, Rev. Pl. 

Vasc. Filip. (1886) 172; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245. --Type: Vidal 1530 (K, holo; A, fragm.; iso; FI, 

L*, 2 sheets). Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc. 

Rhododendron quadrasianum var. intermedium Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 382, pro parte; EPFP 3 (1923) 

244, pro parte; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65. 

Rhododendron quadrasianum forma halconense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 141, t. 1, Fig. 5. --Type: Merrill 

5736 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: K, L*, NY*, P, US*). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, Nov 

1906. 

Rhododendron quadrasianum forma banahaoense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 145, t. 1, Fig. 24. --Type: 

Cuming 804 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: BM, CGE, FI, K, L*, MEL). Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Banahaw. 

Rhododendron quadrasianum forma pulogense HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 144, t. 1, Fig. 19-23. --Type: BS 

44944 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; iso: A, BRI, L*, NY*, UC). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Pulag, 

Feb-Mar 1925. 

LUZON: Benguet (Mt Sto.Tomas; Baguio; La Trinidad; Pauai; Mt Pulag), Mountain 

Province (Bauko; Mt Data; Bontoc; Bontoc-Banaue Road; Mt Caua), Ifugao (Mt Polis); 

Zambales Range (Mt Pinatubo); Laguna-Quezon prov. (Mt Banahaw), MINDORO:

Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon; Mt Dulangan; Ilong Peak), BILIRAN (Mt Suiro), NEGROS. 

Mossy (oak) forest, also in secondary growth and open places, locally common, 1300- 

2400m. Fl./fr. Jan-Dec. 

Rhododendron reynosoi Argent, Gard. Bull. Sing. 56(1&2) 84, Fig.3. –Type: 

PALAWAN: Cleopatra Needle. 

Rhododendron rousei Argent & Madulid, New Plantsman 5(1) (1998) 25. –Type: Argent 8984 & 

E Reynoso 

SIBUYAN: Mt Giting-giting. 

Rhodondendron x sarcodes Argent & Madulid, New Plantsman 2(3) (1995) 156. –Type: 

MINDANAO: North Cotabato (Mt Apo), altitude 1800m. 

Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 357; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 

Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 228. --Type: Whitehead sn (BM, holo). Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. 

LUZON: Abra (Mt Paraga), Mountain Province (Mt Data; Bauko; Mt Sisipitan), Ifugao 

(Mt Polis; Banaue), Benguet (Pauai; Halsema Road; Mt Malaya; Mt Pulag; Mt Baudan; 

Bucao; Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas). Rather common in the pine region and the pine-oak 

association below the mossy forest, rare in the mossy forest (Mt Pulag), again on 

exposed grass-covered slopes above the moss forest, often in clumps or masses, 1300- 

2400m. Fl./fr. Jan-Dec. 

Rhododendron taxifolium Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 419; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 156, t. 6; -- Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 

E, type fragm.; K, P). Luzon: Benguet prov.,Mt Pulag. 

LUZON: Benguet (Mt Pulag), alt. 2700m. Epiphytic shrub on trees in the mossy forest. 

Fl. Feb-Mar. 

Rhododendron vidalii Rolfe, J. Bot. 24 (1886) 348; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245; --HF Copel., PJS 40 

(1929) 152, t. 4, Fig. 3-4, t. 5; --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 151. --Type: Vidal 1529 (K, holo; FI, 

L). Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc. 

Rhododendron curranii Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 255, 381., EPFP 3 (1923) 243. --Type: FB 8061 Curran & 

Merritt (PNH, lecto, lost; US). 

ssp. vidalii 

LUZON: Mountain Province (Bontoc; Bontoc-Banaue Road; Mt Caua; Mt Data; Bauko, 

Sabangan); Benguet (Loo; Bandschan; Tabbak), Abra, Cagayan (Mt Cagua), Isabela 

(Bayabat), Zambales (Mt Tapulao), Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Laguna (Mt Makiling); 

Quezon (Mt Banahaw de Lucban); Batangas. (Mt Malarayat). Mostly in mossy forest, but 

also terrestrial on banks in rather barren places or grassland, epiphytic on large, moss 

covered trees or terrestrial on shrubby mountain side or exposed ridges, locally not rare, 

1000-2100m. Fl. Jan-Dec. 

ssp. brachystemon Argent, Folia Malesiana 4(2) (2003) 101-128. –Type: 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). 

Rhododendron whiteheadii Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 356; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245; --HF 

Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 154, t. 4, Fig. 5-11. --Type: Whitehead, s.n. (BM, holo). Luzon: Ifugao prov., 

Mt Polis. (see Sleumer 1973, Blumea 21: (2), 357). 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Mt Tabayoc; Mt Pulag), Zambales (Mt Tapulao), 

Rhododendron wilkei Argent, Gard. Bull. Sing. 56(1&2) (2004) 88, Fig. 4. –Type: 

PALAWAN: Thumb Peak.

Rhododendron williamsii Merr. ex HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137, 163, t. 9, t. 5. 11, Fig. 2; 

--Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 190. --Type: Elmer 6519 (US, holo; K, NY, P). Luzon: Benguet 

prov., Baguio. 

Rhododendron schadenbergii (non Warb.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245, pro parte. 

LUZON: Mountain Province (Mt Data; Mt Pukis), Benguet (Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas; 

Tabio), Zambales (Mt Pinatubo). Along streams and ravines, 1500-2200m. 

Rhododendron xanthopetalum Merr., Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. no. 29 (1905) 41; --Merr., EPFP 3 

(1923) 246; --HF Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 169, t. 16, Fig. 1-2. --Type: Whitford 322 (PNH, holo, lost). 

LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya (Caraballo Sur Mtns, Loher sn, UC), Bataan (Mt Mariveles), 

Rizal (Montalban, Loher sn, UC), MINDORO: (Ibolo, FB 11429 Merritt). In Bataan, an 

epiphyte in mossy forest, 1200m. An imperfectly known species. Apparently rare. 

Rhododendron zollingeri JJ Sm, Icon. Bog. 4 (1910) 73, t. 322, --Sleum., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 

109. --Type from Java. 

Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi and N Philippines. 

LUZON: Benguet (Loo, Mt Bandschan, not recollected there). Habitat in the Philippines 

not noted. Reported elsewhere in Malesia on bare open slopes or ridges, exposed 

summits, volcanic rocks or crater walls, in fern-, grass-, and scrub vegetation or open 

forest, in Casuarina forest, on dry places, on sandy, stony, or ashy soil, also near 

solfataras, common locally, (1200-)1800-3090m. Fl./fr. predominantly in the dry season 

Apr-Oct. 

Ined. name: 

Rhododendron brookeanum Low ex Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. 3 (1848) 82. 

ssp. palawananense 

Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. Argent M27 

Very close to var. kinabaluense but differs in the longer flower-tubes, the almost glabrous ovary 

(lacking silvery scales as well as only having a few scattered simple hairs) and a longer style with 

a smaller stigma. Flowers orange with yellow star, highlighted with dark pink at the edge. Anthers 

purple. 

6. Vaccinium Linnaeus 

Revision: 

H Sleumer. 1961. xxxx. Blumea 11: 10-112; ibid. 12 (1963) 123; ibid. 12 (1964) 343. 

HF Copeland. 1930. Philippine Ericaceae, II. The species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of 

Science 42: 537-607, +7 pl. 

Vaccinium agusanense Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2630; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., PJS 

42 (1930) 551, t. 1, Fig. 3-5; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 49. --Type: Elmer 13765 (PNH, holo, lost; 

iso: BISH*, BM, BO, FI, GH, K, L*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta [=Mt 

Hilong-hilong], “epiphytic shrub upon a mossy wind-swept peak of the Maaay group at 5750ft 

[=1752m]”, Sept 1912. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong); Lanao del Sur, Bukidnon (Kabaritan; 

Mt Kitanglad). In semi-open mountain forest, or in mossy forest, 1100-1800m. Fr. Feb., 

Sept. 

Vaccinium alvarezii Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 304; EPFP 3 (1923) 247; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 

562, t. 3, Fig. 5-6; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 87. --Type: FB 18466 (PNH, holo, lost). Luzon: 

Cagayan prov., Dalisay River. 

Vaccinium turbinatum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 54; EPFP 3 (1923) 252. --Type: BS 15068 Ramos (US*,

holo; iso K). Luzon: Laguna prov., San Antonio near Paete. 

var. alvarezii 

LUZON: Sierra Madre Range in Cagayan (Mt Cagua; Dalisay River), Rizal (Mt Irig, 

=Irid; Angilog =Angilo or Angelo Mtns; Montalban), Laguna (Siniloan; San Antonio). 

Primary forest, (100-) 300 to at most 1470m (Sleumer’s maximum citation of ‘2000m’ is 

improbable as the highest point among aforecited localities is 1470m on Mt Irid summit). 

var. moisense HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 564; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 88. --Type: BS 47303 

Ramos & Edaño (UC*, holo; BM, L*, NY*, P, SING*). Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt Moises, epiphytic, 

altitude 900m, Mar 1926. 

LUZON: Isabela (Mt Moises), epiphytic at 900m. Known only from the type collection. 

Vaccinium bancanum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1860) 587. --Type from Banka. 

Vaccinium suluense HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 568. --Type: Clemens 9337 (PNH, sterile, possibly lost). 

var. bancanum 

Sumatra (W coast), Lingga, Banka, Billiton, Anambas Is., Borneo. 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Maraniag, FB 30277 Rojas, only collected in fruit and cited 

by H Copeland as V. suluense, possibly lost); SULU. On a hill (possibly with secondary 

forest, 10m alt.) in SULU, c. 730m in Bukidnon. Sleumer (Blumea 11 (1961) 74; Fl. 

Males. ser.1, 6 (1967) 840) did not accredit this species to the Philippines, though V. 

suluense is included in the synonymy of V. bancanum. 

Sulu. 

Vaccinium banksii Merr., Publ. Govt. Lab. Philipp. no. 35 (1906) 54; EPFP 3 (1923) 248; --HF Copel., 

PJS 42 (1930) 590. --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 81. --Type: Banks, s.n. (PNH, holo, lost). Neotype: 

Merrill 223 (US, cit. HF Copel.; FI, G, PNH (lost). 

NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon). On ridges in the mossy forest, 1300-2000m. 

Vaccinium barandanum Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 169; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 

holo; iso: FI, L*). Luzon: Lepanto [=most likely in present-day W Mountain Province). 

var. barandanum 

LUZON: Abra (Tue, near Sallapadan), Ilocos Sur (Cervantes), Mountain Province (W 

part, portion of the former Lepanto subprov. where the type originated; Mt Sisipitan; Mt 

Data; Tadian; Bucao; Mt Malaya), Benguet (Pauai and vicinity; Mt Pulag; La Trinidad to 

Tabio; Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas), Nueva Vizcaya (Caraballo Mtns); Zambales (Mt 

Pinatubo), Rizal (Sierra Madre Range towards Quezon and Bulacan borders; Montalban- 

Paningtingan area; Balacbac). In damp shaded ravines and in mossy forest, also in pineoak 

association, reported to be tree-like on cliffs, 1300-2600m, locally not rare. Fl./fr. 

Jan.-Dec. 

var. cagayanense HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 557; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 49. --Type: BS 47300 

Ramos & Edaño (UC*, holo; iso: A, BM, BO, L*, NY*, P, SING 2 sheets*). Luzon: Isabela prov., Mt 

Moises, Mar 1926. 

LUZON: Ifugao (Monhoyohoy), Benguet (Mt Pulogloco), Cagayan (Mt Cagua; Mt Dos 

Cuernos), Isabela (Mt Moises), Quirino-Aurora border (Mt Alzapan), Laguna (Luisiana). 

var. hutchinsonii (Merr.) HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 558; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 49; -- 

Vaccinium hutchinsonii Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 294; EPFP 3 (1923) 249. --Type: Merrill 5524 

(PNH, holo, lost; iso: NY*, US*). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, Nov 1906. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Epiphytic in mossy ridge forest, 1600-2000m. 

Fl. Nov. 

Possible undescribed variety: fide Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 49. --Voucher: BS 75850 Edaño 

(BO, NY, PUH*).

LUZON: Camarines Sur (Kamugong River, 485 m). A plant corresponding to var. 

hutchinsonii in leaf characters, but with densely shortly grey-pubescent rhachis, pedicel, 

calyx and disk, appears to be an undescribed variety. However, can not yet be named 

as no flowers are present. 

Vaccinium benguetense Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 168; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 566, t. 3, Fig. 9-11; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 104. --Type: Vidal 1534 

(K, lecto; isolecto: FI, L*, MA); 1515 (fr., syntype). Luzon: Benguet prov., no precise locality cited. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Piao), Ilocos Sur (no precise locality, most probably E part), 

Abra (no precise locality, most probably E part), Mountain Province (Mt Data; Bauko; 

Mankayan; Mt Masapilid), Benguet (no precise locality, type locality; Buguias; Mt Pulag; 

Baguio), Zambales (Mt Pinatubo; Mt Tapulao); ‘LUZON Central’; PANAY: Iloilo (Miag-ao, 

Mt Pulacan). Forested slopes and in ravines, 500-1600m. Fl. Jan-Dec. 

Vaccinium brachytrichum Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 78. --Type: Merrill 9526 (not ‘BS 9526 Merrill’ 

cit. Sleumer) (L*, holo; iso in BM, BO, GH, K, NY*, P, SING*, US). Palawan: Palawan prov., Mt 

Capoas, Apr 1913. 

Vaccinium foxworthyi HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 580, pro parte. 

PALAWAN: Mt Capoas, alt. 1000m. Fl./fr. April. Only known from the type collection, 

unless conspecific with Elmer 13202, in fruit, from nearby Mt Pulgar. The latter is similar 

to the type but with narrower leaves. 

Vaccinium camiguinense Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 321; EPFP 3 (1923) 248; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 578;.--Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 72. --Type: BS 14622 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost). 

Paratypes: BS 14680 Ramos (BM, BO, K, L, P). 

CAMIGUIN (Mt Mahinog). Mossy forest near summit, c. 1000m. Fl./fr. Mar-Apr. 

Vaccinium caudatum Warb., in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 173; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248; 

--HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 565, t. 3, Fig. 7-8; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 104; ibid. 12 (1963) 

137. --Type: Cuming 905 (B, lecto, lost; BM, FI, G, K, L*). Luzon: Albay prov.; syntype: Warburg 

13753, from Laguna prov., Siniloan (B, lost; E, cited by Sleumer, 1961). 

LUZON: Cagayan (Pinagtipunan River), Rizal (Montalban; Balacbac), Laguna (Siniloan; 

S. Bakong, Famy; Paete, San Antonio), Albay (unlocalized for the type collection); 

MINDORO (Mag-asawang Tubig), LEYTE (Jaro); PANAY: Aklan (Libacao; Mt 

Salibongbong), Iloilo (Ulian River), MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (Placer). Damp 

primary forests at low altitudes, mostly below 500m. Fl. Jan-Dec 

Vaccinium cumingianum Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 167; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 584, t. 6, Fig. 1-3; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 82. --Type: Cuming 805 (PNH, lecto, lost; iso B 

var. cumingianum 

LUZON: Rizal (Sierra Madre Range towards Quezon border; Montalban), Laguna- 

Quezon (Mt Banahaw; Mt San Cristobal), Quezon (Mt Banahaw de Lucban; Mt 

Calvario), Batangas (Lobo Mtns). A form with smaller leaves: Quezon-Aurora border 

(Umiray); Nueva Ecija (Mt Umingan, =Mt Mingan), Rizal (Sierra Madre Range at 

Mabiluang). Montane forest, especially mossy forest, locally common on exposed ridges, 

(600-) 1100-2000m. Fl. Jan-Dec 

var. igorotorum HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 83. --Type: Elmer 5804 

(US*, holo; iso K, NY*, P). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Sto Tomas, Mar 1904. 

LUZON: Mountain Province (Bauko; Mt Sinapsapan; Mt Pukis), Benguet (Mt Nangaoto; 

Mt Singakalsa; Lusud-Bayabas trail, Mt Pulag; Mt Baudan; Pauai; Mt Sto Tomas; 

Baguio), La Union (Naguilian), Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya prov. border. Altitude 1500 to 

more than 2000m in the Cordillera Highlands of N LUZON.

var. marivelesense HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 83. --Type: Whitford 

459 (US, holo; iso in K, NY). 

LUZON: Zambales Range (general vicinity of Mt Pinatubo including Mt Abu); Bataan (Mt 

Mariveles). 

var. pyriforme (Merr.) HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 83; --Vaccinium 

pyriforme Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 295; EPFP 3 (1923) 251. --Type: FB 4424 Merritt (PNH, holo, 

lost; K). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon. 

LUZON: Camarines Norte or Camarines Sur (exact locality illegible), Albay (Mt Mayon), 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), PANAY: Capiz (Mt Bulilao). Epiphytic in forest 

on Mt Halcon, at least 1260-2700m on Mt Mayon. 

Possible new variety: 

Voucher: L. Co 3800 (PUH, replicates to be distributed to A, L, US, K) 

LUZON: Ifugao (Mt Polis), high-montane forest, 1845 m. Closest to var. marivelesensis 

& var. pyriforme in having well-developed calyx lobes. Differing from the above in having 

a glabrous (non-ciliated calyx) and bigger leaves. Could be identical with BS 45660 

Ramos & Edaño (cit. HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 587), probably an undescribed variety 

from north-central LUZON. Possibly lost at PNH in 1945 and hence not cited by Sleumer 

in his 1961 and 1966 revisions. 

Vaccinium elegans Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1903; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 569, t. 4, Fig. 1- 

A, BM, FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, P). 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo), Bukidnon (Mt Kitanglad), twice found. Mossy forest over 

ridges, 1980-2370m. Fl. Apr, Sept. 

Vaccinium epiphyticum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 322; EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., PJS 

42 (1930) 555. --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 48. --Type: Merrill 8087 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, K, L). 

Mindanao: Zamboanga (Sax River, Mtns above San Ramon), c. 900m. 

MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Known only from the type collection. Fl. Nov. 

Vaccinium gitingense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1490; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., PJS 

42 (1930) 553, t. 2, Fig. 1-3; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 46. --Type: Elmer 12555 (PNH, holo, 

lost; A, BM, BO, DS, FI, G, GH, K, L, P, US). Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting. 

SIBUYAN; MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (Tubungan-Dayan; Iron Deposit), DINAGAT. 

On hot, dry, gravelly river bottom (probably washed down from mountain forest, showing 

minor leaves) or along streams and on ridges at low altitude, ascending to 450m. 

Aforecited localities (especially Surigao and Dinagat) are predominantly ultramafic sites. 

Vaccinium halconense Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 294; EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 578, t. 5, Fig. 6-7; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 89. --Type: Merrill 5665 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: 

K, NY, US). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon. 

LUZON: Zambales (Mt Tapulao; Mt Pinatubo), Bataan (Mt Mariveles), MINDORO: 

Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon; Ilong Peak), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Mapara), 

Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns); MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Tangkulan and vicinity), Davao 

(Mt McKinley), South Cotabato (Mt Matutum). In mossy forest, on exposed ridges, 1200- 

2135m. Fl./fr. Jan.-Dec. 

Vaccinium indutum Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 169; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., 

PJS 42 (1930) 594, t. 6, Fig. 6-8; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 35. --Type: Vidal 1831 (K, holo; L, 

MA). 

Vaccinium macgregorii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 53; EPFP 3 (1923) 250. --Type: BS 19846 McGregor

(PNH, holo, lost; iso in BM, K, P, US). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt Polis 

Vaccinium sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3730. --Type: Elmer 17026 (PNH, holo, lost; iso in BM, BO, 

FI, K, L, NY, UC, US). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan. 

LUZON: Mountain Province (source of type, precise locality not known but probably 

along W half; Malamey; Mt Caua), Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Mt Pulag), Sorsogon 

(Mt Bulusan). Rocky ground of densely wooded steep slopes, also in mossy forest, 

apparently generally above 1000m, rarely down to 600m. Fl. Feb.-Aug. 

Vaccinium irigaense Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 52; EPFP 3 (1923) 249; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 576, t. 5, Fig. 3-5; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 88. --Type: Philip. Pl. 1549 Ramos (PNH, 

holo, lost; iso in BM, BO, BRI, G, GH, L*, K, NY*, P, SING*). Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Iriga. 

LUZON: Camarines Sur (Mt Iriga), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan; Mt Poidol); CATANDUANES 

(Mt Mariguidon); BILIRAN (Mt Suiro). On ridges in mossy forest, 530-1000m. 

Vaccinium jagori Warb., in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 174; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 250; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 592, t. 6, Fig. 4-5; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 98. --Type: Jagor s.n. (B, 

holo, lost). 

Vaccinium angustilimbum Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) 294; EPFP 3 (1923) 248. --Type: BS 26603 Ramos & 

LUZON: Abra (no precise locality given), Mountain Province (Mt Malaya; Bauko), 

Benguet (Mt Nangaoto; Mt Natoo), Isabela (no precise locality data), Aurora (Mt 

Dingalan), Zambales (Mt Tapulao =High Peak), Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Rizal (Sierra 

Madre Range at Montalban; Angilog =probably Angelo Mtns or Angilo; Mt Irid), Quezon 

(Mt Binuang), Camarines Sur (Mt Isarog). Exposed ridges in primary forest or in the 

mossy forest, (300-) 1000-2000m. 

Edaño (PNH, holo, lost 

Vaccinium luzoniense Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 168; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 250; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 570, t. 4, Fig. 3-6; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 77. --Type: Vidal 1535 (K, 

holo). 

LUZON: Mountain Province (W part, type locality not specified; Mankayan),Ifugao- 

Mountain Province (South Inomin), Benguet (Loo; Pauai; Baguio; Mt Sto Tomas). 

Forested stream depressions and on ridges in the mossy forest, also on rocky banks by 

roadsides, 1500-2100m. Fl./fr. April-July. 

Vaccinium microphyllum Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 851; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 250; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 600, t. 7, Fig. 3-7; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 33, non King & Gamble (1905). --Type from the 

Vaccinium mindorense Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 355. 

Philippines, Moluccas (Ternate; Tidore; Halmahera); Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo). 

LUZON: Laguna (Mt Banahaw); MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Dulangan; Mt 

Halcon), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Kanlaon), PANAY: Antique (Mt Madiaas), 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Mossy exposed ridges and also epiphytic in mossy forest, 

locally common, 1220-2954m. 

Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 1062; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 250; --HF 

Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 596, t. 7, Fig. 1-2; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 51; ibid. 12 (1963) 127; – 

Thibaudia myrtoides Blume Bijdr. (1826) 861. --Type from the Moluccas. 

Vaccinium microphyllum Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 121 pro parte, non Reinw. ex Blume. 

Vaccinium varingiaefolium Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 30, t. 60, Fig. D, non (Blume) Miq. 

Vaccinium villarii Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 166. 

Philippines, N Sulawesi (Minahassa), Moluccas (Peak of Tidore). 

LUZON: Ilocos Sur (Cervantes trail), Mountain Province (Sagada; Mt Data; Bauko), 

Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet (Loo; Mt Pulag; Halsema Road; Pauai; Baguio); Laguna- 

Quezon (Mt San Cristobal; Mt Banahaw), Quezon, Albay (Mayon Volcano), MINDORO: 

Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). On steep rocky, open and

are slopes, pine-mossy forest borders, mossy forest undergrowth, summit vegetation, 

open montane grassland, 1000– c.3000m. Locally abundant in Benguet and summit 

area of Mt Apo. 

Vaccinium nitens Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 97. --Type: PNH 17677 Sulit & Conklin (L*, holo; iso in 

BM, K, L). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Yagaw, E slopes, steep rocky slope in virgin forest, 

altitude 2500ft, 7 Jun 1953. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Yagaw). Steep rocky slope in virgin forest, alt. 760m. 

Fl. July. 

Vaccinium oscarlopezianum Co, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59(3) (2002) 373-376. --Type: Co 3326 (PNH, 

holo; iso in A*, PUH*, CAHUP, L, US, K). Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano Municip., Barangay 

Disulap, Dappig Creek, 16º56.5’N, 122º13’E 

LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano, 3 collections), Aurora (Mtns NNW of Dingalan =Mingan 

Mtns, Jacobs 7691; Diteki, PPI collection). High-canopy epiphyte in fairly open sites like 

creeks and logging trails, altitude 490-740m. Collected in flower in February and fruiting 

in March. Fairly common in the vicinity of the type locality. Thus far known from two sites 

that are c.175() km apart. 

Vaccinium palawanense Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 373; EPFP 3 (1923) 251, pro parte; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 

Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost; iso in BM, BO, K, L*, NY, 2 sheets*, SING*, US*). Palawan: Mt Victoria. 

Mar-Apr 1906. 

var. palawanense 

PALAWAN (Mt Victoria); MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). On exposed ridges and steep 

cliffs in mossy forest, 1000-1820m. 

var. foxworthii (HF Copel.) Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 73; --Vaccinium foxworthii HF Copel., 

‘foxworthyi’ PJS 42 (1930) 580, pro parte. --Type: BS 649 Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost; iso in BM, 

BO, GH, L*, NY*, US). Palawan: Mt Victoria, Mar-Apr 1906 

PALAWAN (Mt Victoria). Once found together with var. palawanense at 1750m. 

Vaccinium perrigidum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1094; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 251; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 561, t. 3, Fig. 1-4; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 86. --Type: Elmer 11686 (PNH, holo, lost; iso 

in A, BM, BO, FI, GH, L, NY, US). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo. 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Urdaneta), Davao (Mt Apo; Mt McKinley). On rocky 

bluffs or ridges in the mossy forest, 1525-1675m. 

Vaccinium philippinense Warb., in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 174; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 

251; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 550, t. 1, Fig. 1-2; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 49. --Type: Cuming 

832 (cited by Sleumer as ‘822’) (B, holo, lost; iso in A, BM, K, L*, NY*). Luzon: Laguna prov., 

Mayayay (possibly Majayjay, a classical Cuming locality). Locality according to Sleumer. 

LUZON: Mountain Province (W part formerly under the old Lepanto subprov.), Nueva 

Ecija (Mt Umingan, =Mingan), Rizal (Mt Batay; Mt Susong Dalaga; Mt Irid; Angilog 

(=possibly Angelo Mtns or Angilo towards Quezon prov.); Mt Lumutan; Montalban; San 

Isidro, Tanay), Laguna (San Antonio, Paete; Mt Makiling), Quezon-Laguna prov. (Mt San 

Cristobal and Mahayhay ‘Mayayay’, type locality, fide Sleumer). On forested slopes and 

ridges, 800-1200m. Fl./fr. Apr-Dec. 

Vaccinium platyphyllum Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 294; EPFP 3 (1923) 251; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 573, t. 5, Fig. 1-2;. --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 50. --Type: BS 26583 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; iso in 

Vaccinium ilocanum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 441; EPFP 3 (1923) 249. --Type: BS 33372 Ramos (PNH, holo, 

lost; iso in A, BO, K, L*, P, US*). Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov., Mt Palimlim, Aug 1918. 

Vaccinium rizalense Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 43; EPFP 4 (1925) 253. --Type: Loher 14979 (PNH, holo, lost; iso 

in UC). Luzon: Rizal prov., Balacbac.

LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Palimlim), Aurora (Mt Dingalan), Rizal (Guiniuisan; Balacbac). 

Shrub, small tree or epiphytic in primary lowland to mossy forest, 200-1100m. Fl. Jun- 

Aug. 

Vaccinium pseudocaudatum Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 103. --Type: FB 31527 Franco (NY*, 

MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Near creek along edge of grassland, altitude 670m. Perhaps 

also growing at higher altitude. Fl. Feb, Dec. 

holo). Mindanao: Bukid 

Vaccinium sylvaticum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1095; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 251; --HF Copel., PJS 42 

(1930) 588; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 98. --Type: Elmer 11819 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: A, BM, BO, 

FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, US). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, altitude 1250m. 

Vaccinium mearnsii Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1098; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 250. --Type: Elmer 11251 (PNH, 

holo, lost; iso in A, BM, BO, FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, US). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, altitude 

1000m. 

MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo, Todaya). Forested ridges, 1000-1250m. Fl./fr. Aug-Sept. 

Vaccinium tenuipes Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 375; EPFP 3 (1923) 251; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 

571, t. 4, Fig. 7-8; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 77; ibid. 12 (1963) 130. --Type: Clark, s.n. (PNH, lecto, chosen by HF Co 

FI, K, L*). Syntypes: Merrill 6133 (PNH, lost); FB 11485 Merritt, PNH, lost; Elmer 9819 (PNH, lost). 

LUZON: Cagayan (Cagua Volcano; Bauan-Mt Tabuan), Ifugao-Mountain Province 

(South Inomin), Benguet (Mt Pulag; Mt Pulogloco), Rizal (Sierra Madre Range at 

Angilog, =possibly Angelo Mtns or Angilo; Montalban); MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental 

(Mt Halcon; Ibolo River); NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns); PANAY: Capiz 

(Jamindan). In primary forest, 600-1500m; on Mt Pulag in mossy forest at 2600m. Fl. 

Feb-Sept. 

Vaccinium trichocarpum Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 47. --Type: PNH 10778 Mendoza & Convocar 

(L*, holo). 

MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong, peak of Mt Malampayan); Davao 

Oriental (Mt Mayo). In summit vegetation, 1300-1750m. Fl./fr. Apr. 

Vaccinium vidalii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 374; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 252; --HF Copel., 

PJS 42 (1930) 582, t. 5, Fig. 10-11; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 80. --Type: 

LUZON. On exposed ridges in the mossy forest, (300-) 850-2000m. 

Vaccinium whitfordii Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 295; EPFP 3 (1923) 252; --HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 594, t. 6, Fig. 6 

K, US). Negros: Negros Occidental prov., Mt Silay. 

LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Nagapatan), Abra (Mt Paraga), Kalinga (trail to Balbalasang), 

Mountain Province (W part, formerly part of Lepanto subprov.; Mt Data; Mt Malaya), 

Benguet (Bucao; Pauai; Baguio), Ifugao (Mt Polis), Nueva Ecija (Mt Umingan =Mt 

Mingan); Aurora (Mt Alzapan, along Sierra Madre Mtn Range near Quirino prov. border), 

Rizal (Sierra Madre Mtns near Quezon border), Camarines Sur (Mt Isarog), MINDORO: 

Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon-Ilong Peak), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Mt Silay; Mt 

Kanlaon), LEYTE. In forests, open heaths and thickets, 1000-2500m. Fl./fr. Jan-Dec. 

Vaccinium woodianum HF Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 591; --Sleum., Blumea 11 (1961) 82. --Type: 

Merrill 5506 (PNH, holo, lost; iso in NY, flowers partly galled, US). Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., 

Mt Halcon, alt. 2700,. 

MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), altitude 2700m. Known only from the type 

collection.

Family 233. ERICACEAE 1. Costera JJ Smith Philippines, Moluccas ...

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