A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)

CICIMAR Oceánides 27(1): 65-140 (2012) 

A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING 

DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA) 

Gómez, F. 

Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 

Valencia, España. email: fernando.gomez@fitoplancton.com 

ABSTRACT. A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates 

(including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, 

Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of 

several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene 

sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and 

LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that 

taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known 

genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between 

the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the 

dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level. 

Keywords: alveolates, biodiversity inventory, Dinophyceae, Dinophyta, parasitic 

phytoplankton, systematics. 

Inventario y classificacion de especies de dinoflagelados actuales 

(Dinoflagellata, Alveolata) 

RESUMEN. Se presentan un inventario y una clasificación de las especies de dinoflagelados actuales. Los 

dinoflagelados dinocariontes (incluyendo los Noctilucales) están formados por 2,294 especies pertenecientes 

a 238 géneros. Los dinoflagelados en un sentido amplio (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea y Dinokaryota) 

comprenden un total de 2,377 especies distribuidas en 259 géneros. La nomenclatura de algunos taxones se 

ha corregido siguiendo las reglas del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botánica. Cuando hay secuencias 

disponibles, la clasificación de las especies propuesta ha seguido las filogenias moleculares de los marcadores 

de los ARNs de la subunidades pequeña y grande del ribosoma (SSU y LSU rADN, respectivamente). Aunque 

no se propone ninguna novedad taxonómica, se evidencia la necesidad de numerosos cambios. Numerosas 

especies cuyas secuencias están disponibles aparecen muy alejadas en las filogenias moleculares de la especie 

tipo de su género, lo que requerirá su transferencia a otro género conocido o el establecimiento de un nuevo 

género. Actualmente con los marcadores moleculares más extendidos no es posible aclarar las relaciones 

entre los órdenes de los esquemas taxonómicos clásicos y las secuencias disponibles de otros genes es aun 

insuficiente. La clasificación, muy especialmente a nivel de orden, está aún lejos de poder ser resuelta. 

Palabras clave: alveolados, inventario de biodiversidad, Dinophyceae, Dinophyta, 

fitoplancton parásito, sistemática. 

Gómez, F. 2012. A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata). CICIMAR 

Oceánides, 27(1): 65-140. 

INTRODUCTION 

Dinoflagellates constitute one of the main 

groups of marine and freshwater protists. Schiller 

(1931-1937) provided a description of all the 

species, both marine and freshwater, known at 

that time. Sournia (1986) gave descriptions and 

illustrations of the marine genera, excluding information 

at the species level. Gómez (2005) 

listed the species of marine free-living dinoflagellates. 

Freshwater dinoflagellates have been 

compiled by Bourrelly (1970) and Popovský & 

Pfiester (1990). Since the monograph of Chatton 

(1920), a few studies have revised the parasitic 

dinoflagellates (Cachon, 1964; Cachon & 

Cachon, 1987; Shields, 1994). At present, no 

study is able to respond to the total number of 

species of dinoflagellates. 

Fensome et al. (1993) proposed a unified 

classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates, 

using tabulation as the primary guide to relationships. 

These authors also provide a summary 

of the earlier classifications. The classification 

of the dinoflagellates is being continuously 

subjected to changes according to new 

findings, especially with the advances in molecular 

phylogeny. Saunders et al. (1997) reported 

the first major revision of the dinoflagellate molecular 

phylogeny. Most of the short-branched 

SSU rDNA sequences were dispersed in clades 

with low bootstrap support that Saunders et al. 

(1997) named the Gymnodiniales-Peridiniales- 

Prorocentrales complex. At that time, these sequences 

failed to resolve the relationships of 

most of classical orders (Gymnodiniales, Peridiniales, 

Prorocentrales) to one another. Since 

then, the number of sequences has increased, 

although biased towards photosynthetic species, 

usually much easier to culture, and common 

coastal species found near the specialized 

Fecha de recepción: 9 de enero de 2012 Fecha de aceptación: 28 de febrero de 2012

66 GÓMEZ 

laboratories. At present, sequences of many 

species are lacking and the molecular phylogenies 

did not resolve the relationships between 

the higher ranks. The classical orders 

(Peridiniales, Gymnodiniales, Prorocentrales) 

appear to be polyphyletic in the SSU and LSU 

rDNA phylogenies (Saldarriaga et al., 2004; 

Moestrup & Daugbjerg, 2007), and even orders 

such as Dinophysales (Gómez et al., 2012). 

The earlier molecular phylogenies revealed 

the apicomplexan parasites as the closer relatives 

of dinoflagellates (Gajadhar et al., 1991). 

The dinokaryon is a distinctive character of 

the dinoflagellate core, while basal dinoflagellates 

show intermediate morphological and 

ultrastructural characters that make difficult to 

establish a clear cut between the Dinokaryota 

and Apicomplexa. A recent study suggested 

that perkinsid parasites should be considered 

as an independent phylum (Zhang et al., 2011). 

The exclusion of Perkinsozoa, restricted to 10 

species of 2 genera, has a little influence on 

the total account of dinoflagellate species. Environmental 

molecular surveys of SSU rRNA 

genes revealed the existence of novel alveolate 

sequences indicating two large and diverse 

clades close to the Dinokaryota that were initially 

named Marine Alveolate Groups I and II 

(López-García et al., 2001). Subsequently, it 

has been shown that these groups corresponded 

to parasitic dinoflagellates previously placed 

within the order Syndiniales based on several 

morphologically characterized representatives 

for which SSU rDNA sequences were available 

(Skovgaard et al., 2005; Harada et al., 2007). 

The phagotrophic free-living flagellate Oxyrrhis 

(Saldarriaga et al., 2003) and the ellobiopsid 

parasites (Silberman et al., 2004; Gómez et al., 

2009) constituted other morphologically characterized 

clades of basal dinoflagellates. 

This study provides a checklist of all the 

described dinoflagellate species updated to 

December 2011. When sequences are available, 

the species were organized in agreement 

between the clades observed in the phylogenetical 

trees and classical ranks taxonomical 

schemes (genera, family, order, etc.). This is 

not a simple task because the topology of the 

trees varied with the type of molecular marker, 

the taxa sampling, sequence length, or methods 

for the construction of the phylogenetical 

trees. Any classification is unavoidably associated 

with discrepancies among authors. 

MATERIAL AND METHODS 

This study is based on literature records 

of dinoflagellates. The primary source was the 

checklist by Gómez (2005) updated with the 

taxonomical innovations, and numerous errors 

have been corrected. The checklist was 

completed with the freshwater species. Major 

sources were Schiller (1931-1937), Bourrelly 

(1970) and Popovský & Pfiester (1991), and for 

parasitic dinoflagellates: Chatton (1920), Cachon 

& Cachon (1987) and Shields (1994). The 

checklist was completed and updated with the 

recent literature. 

The species names with their nomenclatural 

authorities and the year of the description 

were arranged alphabetically within the 

genus. Genera were ordered alphabetically 

within each family. The authorities of each genus 

and species were spelled according to the 

International Plant Names Index. These name 

spellings were also used for the places of publication 

of the suprageneric ranks (family, order 

and class). The International Code of Zoological 

Nomenclature (I.C.Z.N.) and the International 

Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.) 

have been applied for basal dinoflagellates and 

Dinokaryota, respectively. This explained slight 

differences in some species names. For example, 

the epithets dedicated to Édouard Chatton 

were spelled ‘chattoni´ and ‘chattonii´ for basal 

dinoflagellates and dinokaryotes, respectively. 

It is often difficult to decide what species 

should be considered valid. Gómez (2005) labeled 

with an asterisk (*) the species of very 

doubtful validity that were not considered for 

species counting. These insufficiently known 

taxa were mainly constituted by species with 

too poor original descriptions, for example, 

some unarmoured dinoflagellates described 

from fixed material in the earlier literature with 

excessively simple line drawings. These ‘literature 

ghosts’ have been considered valid despite 

they may correspond to species that were further 

described with more detailed descriptions. 

Several studies of freshwater species reported 

a high number of new species (i.e., Schiller, 

1955; Baumestier, 1957; Skvortzov, 1968). 

These species are considered valid, although 

they need to be re-investigated because they 

may correspond to life stages of other known 

species. Four species (Protoceratium, Oxytoxum 

breve) that were described lacking any 

illustration have been listed, although excluded 

of the species counting. Species names 

cited in the literature, although never formally 

described, have been excluded. Despite the 

species are invalid, several of these species 

names have been cited and labeled as ‘nomen 

nudum’ (nom. nud.). The aim is to alert of the 

possible homonymy when describing a new 

species using the same name. There are several 

homonyms (i.e., Gymnodinium excavatum, 

G. hyalinum, G. irregulare, G. oceanicum, etc.), 

that need a specific study before to propose an

LIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES 

67 

alternative name. The molecular phylogenies 

show species which sequences that are distantly 

related to the type species of its genus. 

These species are candidates to the transfer 

into another known genus or the erection of a 

new genus. This requires specialized studies, 

and in order to solve this situation, these taxa 

have been placed under a genus named ‘Genus 

of …’ or ‘Family of …’. For a group of species, 

the oldest species was used to name the 

genus (i.e., genus of Protoperidinium depressum). 

The group of species containing the type 

species was labeled ‘sensu stricto’ (s.s.). The 

group of the other congeneric species distantly 

related in the molecular phylogenies was labeled 

‘sensu lato’ (s.l.). 

In contrast to genera and species, suprageneric 

names do not have parenthetical authors 

(McNeill et al. 2006, ICBN: Art. 49.2). The 

first place of publication of these suprageneric 

names are cited with the author name(s) and 

year of publication. The choice of the suprageneric 

names was based on the priority rule. 

The problem is that the first name available for 

a family/order may be considered invalid. In 

the earlier studies, these suprageneric names 

were described by using a zoological terminology, 

and often using ranks such as tribes that 

are not considered in the International Code 

of Botanical Nomenclature. A discussion of 

numerous cases can be found in Fensome 

et al. (1993). The genus Pyrocystis has been 

placed in the order Pyrocystales Apstein (Sournia, 

1986). The molecular phylogenies showed 

that Pyrocystis constitutes a truly member of 

the order Gonyaulacales. If valid, Pyrocystales 

Apstein 1909 should have the priority versus 

Gonyaulacales F.J.R. Taylor 1980. Some order 

names such as Phytodiniales, Dinotrichales or 

Dinococcales, and the derived families are difficult 

to use because molecular data of the type 

species were not available. Even, when the 

sequence is available, we have to be cautious 

because in some cases the species identity 

cannot be verified. The sequences may be incorrectly 

attributed to a given species, or even 

it may not correspond to a dinoflagellate (i.e. 

Exuviaella pusilla #DQ388459). The type of the 

order Suessiales is a fossil species. Consequently, 

it will be difficult to obtain any gene sequence 

to verify the relationship with the extant 

species that have been placed in that order. 

This study does not propose any taxonomical 

innovations. The only nomenclatural modifications 

are a few epithets with wrong gender 

termination that have been corrected (McNeill 

et al. 2006, ICBN: Art. 60.11, Recom. 60C.1, 

Art. 32.7). 

RESULTS 

The dinoflagellate species have been organized 

in the classification summarized in the 

Table 1 (Appendix). Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates 

(including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 

species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates 

sensu lato comprised 2,377 species belonging 

to 259 genera (Table 2, Appendix). 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

F.G. was supported by the contract JCI- 

2010-08492 of the Ministerio Español de Ciencia 

y Tecnología. 

REFERENCES 

Baumeister, W. 1957. Neue Dinococcalen aus 

dem niederbayerischen Hiigelland zwischen 

Isar und Inn (I). Arch. Protistenk., 

102: 21-43. 

Bourrelly, P. 1970. Les Algues d´Eau Douce III. 

Éditions N. Boubée & Cie, Paris, 512 p. 

Cachon, J. 1964. Contribution à l´étude des 

Péridiniens parasites. Cytologie: Cycles 

évolutifs. Ann. Sci. Natur., Zool., Paris, 

Ser., 12 (6): 1-158. 

Cachon, J. & M. Cachon. 1987. Parasitic dinoflagellates. 

571-610, In: Taylor, F. J. R. 

(Ed.). The biology of dinoflagellates. Blackwell, 

New York. 

Chatton, E. 1920. Les Péridiniens parasites. 

Morphologie, reproduction, éthologie. Arch. 

Zool. Exp. Gén., 59: 1-475. 

Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. 

A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 

1993. A classification of living and 

fossil dinoflagellates. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

Micropal. Spec. Publ., 7, 351 p. 

Gajadhar, A. A., W. C. Marquardt, R. Hall, J. 

Gunderson, E. V. Aritzia-Carmona & M. L. 

Sogin. 1991. Ribosomal RNA sequences of 

Sarcocystis muris, Theileria annulata and 

Crypthecodinium cohnii reveal evolutionary 

relationships among apicomplexans, 

dinoflagellates and ciliates. Mol. Biochem. 

Parasit., 45: 147-154. 

Gómez, F. 2005. A list of dinoflagellates in the 

world´s oceans. Acta Bot. Croat., 64: 129- 

212. 

Gómez, F., P. López-García, A. Nowaczyk & 

D. Moreira. 2009. The crustacean parasites 

Ellobiopsis Caullery, 1910 and Thalassomyces 

Niezabitowski, 1913 form a 

monophyletic divergent clade within the Al-

68 GÓMEZ 

veolata. Syst. Parasit., 74: 65-74. 

Gómez, F., D. Moreira & P. López-García. 2010. 

Molecular phylogeny of noctilucoid dinoflagellates 

(Noctilucales, Dinophyta). Protist, 

161: 466-478. 

Gómez, F., D. Moreira & P. López-García. 2011. 

Avances en el estudio de los dinoflagelados 

(Dinophyceae) con la filogenia molecular. 

Hidrobiológica, 21: 343-364. 

Gómez, F., D. Moreira & P. López-García. 

2012. Sinophysis and Pseudophalacroma 

are distantly related to typical dinophysoid 

dinoflagellates (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae). 

J. Euk. Microbiol., 59: 188-190. 

Harada, A., S. Ohtsuka & T. Horiguchi. 2007. 

Species of the parasitic genus Duboscquella 

are members of the enigmatic marine alveolate 

Group I. Protist, 158: 337-347. 

López-García, P., F. Rodríguez Valera, C. Pedrós-Alió 

& D. Moreira. 2001. Unexpected 

diversity of small eukaryotes in deep-sea 

Antarctic plankton. Nature, 409: 603-607. 

McNeill, J., F.R. Barrie, H.M. Burdet, V. Demoulin, 

D.L. Hawksworth, K. Marhold, D.H. 

Nicolson, J. Prado, P.C. Silva, J.E. Skog, 

J.H. Wiersema & N.J. Turland. 2006. International 

Code of Botanical Nomenclature 

(Vienna Code). Regnum Vegetabile 146. 

A.R.G. Gantner, Ruggell, Liechtenstein, 

568 p. 

Moestrup, Ø. & N. Daugbjerg. 2007. On dinoflagellate 

phylogeny and classification. 215- 

230, In: Brodie, J. & J. Lewis (Eds.). Unravelling 

the algae: the past, present, and 

future of algae systematics. CRC Press, 

New York. 

Popovský, J. & L. A. Pfiester. 1990. Dinophyceae 

(Dinoflagellida). 1-272, In: Ettl, H., J. 

Gerloff, H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (Eds). 

Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Fischer 

Verlag, Jena & Stuttgart. 

Saldarriaga, J. F., M. L. McEwan, N. M. Fast, 

F. J. R. Taylor & P. J. Keeling. 2003. Multiple 

protein phylogenies show that Oxyrrhis 

marina and Perkinsus marinus are early 

branches of the dinoflagellate lineage. Int. 

J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 53: 355-365. 

Saldarriaga, J. F., F. J. R. Taylor, T. Cavalier- 

Smith, S. Menden-Deuer & P. J. Keeling. 

2004. Molecular data and the evolutionary 

history of dinoflagellates. Eur. J. Protist., 

40: 85-111. 

Saunders, G. W., D. R. A. Hill, J. P. Sexton & R. 

A. Andersen. 1997. Small-subunit ribosomal 

RNA sequences from selected dinoflagellates: 

testing classical evolutionary hypotheses 

with molecular systematic methods. 

Plant Syst. Evol., 11(Suppl.): 237-259. 

Schiller, J. 1931-1937. Dinoflagellatae (Peridinineae) 

in monographischer Behandlung, 

Vol. 10 (3): Teil 1 (1-3) (1931-1933): Teil 2 

(1-4) (1935-1937), In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.). 

Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreichs 

und der Schweiz. Akad. Verlag., 

Leipzig. 

Schiller, J. 1955. Untersuchungen an den 

planktischen Protophyten des Neusiedlersees 

1950-1954, I. Teil. Wissenschaftliche 

Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, 9: 1-66. 

Shields, J. D. 1994. The parasitic dinoflagellates 

of marine crustaceans. Ann. Rev. Fish 

Diseases, 4: 241-271. 

Silberman, J. D., A. G. Collins, L. A. Gershwin, 

P. J. Johnson & A. J. Roger. 2004. Ellobiopsids 

of the genus Thalassomyces are 

alveolates. J. Euk. Microbiol., 52: 246-252. 

Skovgaard, A., R. Massana, V. Balague & E. 

Saiz. 2005. Phylogenetic position of the 

copepod-infesting parasite Syndinium turbo 

(Dinoflagellata, Syndinea). Protist, 156: 

413-423. 

Skvortzov, B. V. 1968. New and little known 

Peridineae from northern Manchuria, China. 

Quart. J. Taiwan Mus., 21: 79-114. 

Sournia, A. 1986. Atlas du Phytoplancton 

Marin. Vol. I: Introduction, Cyanophycées, 

Dictyochophycées, Dinophycées et Raphidophycées. 

Editions du CNRS, Paris. 219 

p. 

Zhang, H., D. A. Campbell, N. R. Sturm, C. 

F. Dungan & S. Lin. 2011. Spliced leader 

RNAs, mitochondrial gene frameshifts and 

multi-protein phylogeny expand support for 

the genus Perkinsus as a unique group of 

Alveolates. PLoS ONE, 6(5), e19933.


69 

Table 1. Classification of extant dinoflagellates from class to genus. Abbreviations: p.p. - pro parte; s.s. - sensu 

stricto; s.l. - sensu lato. 

Infraregnum Alveolata, Phyllum Dinoflagellata 

Class Ellobiopsea / Ellobiophyceae 

Order Thalassomycetales 

Class Oxyrrhea 

Ellobiopsidae / Thalassomycetaceae: Ellobiocystis, Ellobiopsis, 

Parallobiopsis, Rhizellobiopsis, Thalassomyces 

Order Oxyrrhida / Oxyrrhinales 

Oxyrrhinaceae: Oxyrrhis 

Class of Pronoctiluca, incertae sedis 

Protodiniferaceae: Pronoctiluca 

Class of Duboscquella (Marine Alveolate Group I) 

Order Duboscquodinida / Duboscquellales 

Duboscquellaceae: Dogelodinium, Duboscquella, Ichthyodinium, 

Keppenodinium 

Class Syndinea (Marine Alveolate Group II) 

Order Syndiniales 

Syndiniaceae: Actinodinium, Caryotoma, Merodinium, Syndinium 

Coccidinidae / Coccidiniaceae: Coccidinium 

Family of Hematodinium: Hematodinium 

Sphaeriparaceae: Atlanticellodinium, Sphaeripara 

Amoebophryidae / Amoebophryaceae: Amoebophrya 

Class Noctilucea / Noctiluciphyceae (Dinokaryota) 

Order Noctilucales 

Noctilucaceae: Noctiluca, Spatulodinium 

Kofoidiniaceae: Kofoidinium, Pomatodinium 

Leptodiscaceae: Abedinium, Cachonodinium, Craspedotella, Leptodiscus, Petalodinium, 

Scaphodinium 

Class Dinoflagellata / Dinophyceae (Dinokaryota) 

Order Haplozooidea / Haplozoonales 

Haplozoonaceae: Haplozoon 

APPENDIX

70 GÓMEZ 

Table 1. Continued. 

Order Dinotrichales 

Crypthecodiniaceae: Crypthecodinium 

Dinotrichaceae: Dinothrix, Durinskia, Galeidinium, Gymnodinium p.p. Kryptoperidinium, 

Peridiniopsis p.p., Peridinium quinquecorne 

Order Dinococcales 

Phytodiniaceae: Baldinia, Borghiella, Cystodinium, Dinamoebidium, Dinastridium, 

Dinoclonium, Dinococcus, Hypnodinium, Manchudinium, Phytodinium, 

Prosoaulax, Sphaerodinium, Tetradinium 

Symbiodiniaceae: Aureodinium, Biecheleria, Pelagodinium, Biecheleriopsis, 

Piscinoodinium, Polarella, Protodinium, Symbiodinium 

Order of Akashiwo 

Family of Akashiwo: Akashiwo 

Order Brachidiniales 

Brachidiniaceae: Asterodinium, Brachidinium, Gynogonadinium, Karenia, Karlodinium, 

Microceratium, Pseliodinium, Takayama, Torodinium 

Order Gymnodiniales s.s. 

Chytriodiniaceae: Chytriodinium, Dissodinium, Myxodinium, Schizochytriodinium, 

Syltodinium 

Gymnodiniaceae: Barrufeta, Gymnodinium s.s., Gyrodiniellum, Lepidodinium, 

Paragymnodinium, Pheopolykrikos, Polykrikos, Spiniferodinium 

Warnowiaceae: Erythropsidinium, Greuetodinium, Nematodinium, Nematopsides, 

Proterythropsis, Warnowia 

Order Gymnodiniales s.l. 

Family of Gyrodinium dorsum: Gymnodinium p.p., Gyrodinium p.p. 

Family of Togula: Togula 

Family of Apicoporus: Apicoporus 

Family of Amphidinium: Amphidinium s.s., Schillingia, Trochodinium 

Family of Balechina: Balechina 

Family of Cochlodinium: Cochlodinium s.s., Cochlodinium s.l. 

Family of Gyrodinium s.s.: Ceratodinium, Gyrodinium s.s., Plectodinium, Sclerodinium 

Family of Moestrupia: Moestrupia 

Order Ptychodiscales 

Family Ptychodiscaceae: Ptychodiscus 

Order Thoracosphaerales 

Calciodinellaceae: Calciodinellum, Calcigonellum, Duboscquodinium, Pernambugia, 

Scrippsiella s.s., Tintinnophagus


71 


Oodiniaceae / Thoracosphaeraceae: Amyloodinium, Cachonella, Chalubinskia, 

Chimonodinium, Crepidoodinium, Cryptoperidiniopsis, Cystodinedria, 

Haidadinium, Leonella, Luciella, Oodinioides, Oodinium, Parvodinium, 

Paulsenella, Peridinium p.p., Pfiesteria, Protoodinium, Pseudopfiesteria, 

Staszicella, Stoeckeria, Stylodinium, Thoracosphaera, Tyrannodinium 

Glenodiniaceae: Dinosphaera, Glenodiniopsis, Glenodinium, Glochidinium, Gloeodinium, 

Hemidinium, Kansodinium, Lophodinium, Nephrodinium, Palatinus, Peridiniopsis 

s.s., Thompsodinium 

Order Peridiniales s.s. 

Peridiniaceae: Bagredinium, Peridinium s.s. 

Order Peridiniales s.l. 

Heterocapsaceae: Heterocapsa 

Podolampadaceae: Blepharocysta, Gaarderiella, Lessardia, Lissodinium, Mysticella, 

Podolampas, Roscoffia 

Amphidiniopsidaceae: Amphidiniopsis, Archaeperidinium, Herdmania, Thecadinium 

dragescoi 

Protoperidiniaceae: Protoperidinium s.s. 

Diplopsaliaceae: Boreadinium, Diplopelta, Diplopsalis, Diplopsalopsis, Dissodium, 

Gotoius, Lebouraia, Oblea, Preperidinium, Protoperidinium depressum-group 

Heterodiniaceae: Dolichodinium, Heterodinium 

Family of Ensiculifera: Ensiculifera, Pentapharsodinium 

Oxytoxaceae: Oxytoxum 

Family of Corythodinium: Corythodinium 

Amphidomataceae: Amphidoma s.s. 

Cladopyxidaceae: Cladopyxis, Micracanthodinium, Palaeophalacroma 

Endodiniaceae: Endodinium 

Family of Amphidoma caudata: Amphidoma caudata, Azadinium 

Order Peridiniales incertae sedis: Adenoides, Archaeosphaerodiniopsis, Bysmatrum, Cabra, 

Peridiniella, Planodinium, Pseudothecadinium, Rhinodinium, Sabulodinium, 

Thecadiniopsis, Vulcanodinium 

Uncertain order 

Tovelliaceae: Bernardinium, Esoptrodinium, Jadwigia, Katodinium, Opisthoaulax, Tovellia 

Woloszynskiaceae: Woloszynskia 


Apodiniaceae: Apodinium, Parapodinium

72 GÓMEZ 


Order Actiniscales 

Actiniscaceae: Actiniscus 

Dicroerismataceae: Dicroerisma 

Order Amphilothales 

Amphilothaceae: Achradina, Amphilothus 

Order Prorocentrales 

Haplodiniaceae: Haplodinium 

Prorocentraceae: Exuviaella, Mesoporos, Prorocentrum s.s. 

Family of Prorocentrum panamense: Genus of Prorocentrum panamense 

Family of Plagiodinium: Plagiodinium 

Order Dinophysales 

Amphisoleniaceae: Amphisolenia, Triposolenia 

Oxyphysaceae: Dinofurcula, Latifascia, Phalacroma s.s., Proheteroschisma 

Dinophysaceae: Citharistes, Dinophysis hastata-group, Dinophysis s.s., Histioneis, 

Histiophysis, Metadinophysis, Metaphalacroma, Ornithocercus, Parahistioneis 

Family of Pseudophalacroma: Pseudophalacroma 

Family of Sinophysis: Sinophysis 

Order Blastodiniales 

Blastodiniaceae: Blastodinium 

Order Gonyaulacales / Pyrocystales 

Thecadiniaceae: Thecadinium 

Protoceratidaceae: Ceratocorys, Protoceratium, Schuettiella 

Ceratiaceae: Ceratium, Neoceratium 

Goniodomataceae 

Subfamily of Goniodoma: Gambierdiscus, Goniodoma 

Subfamily of Ostreopsis: Alexandrium, Centrodinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Pachydinium, 

Pyrodinium 

Gonyaulacaceae: Gonyaulax, Spiraulax 

Pyrocystaceae: Fragilidium, Pyrocystis, Pyrophacus 

Family of Amylax: Amylax, Lingulodinium 

Order Gonyaulacales incertae sedis: Amphidiniella, Halostylodinium, Pileidinium 

Dinoflagellata incertae sedis: Berghiella, Ceratoperidinium, Pyramidodinium, 

Pseudoactiniscus, Thaumatodinium


73 

Table 2. Checklist of extant dinoflagellates. 

Kingdom Chromalveolata, Infrakingdom Alveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991 

Phylum Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & E.E. Chao 2004, Phylum Dinoflagellata / Dinozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981 

Class Ellobiopsea A.R. Loebl. 1970 / Ellobiophyceae A.R. Loebl. 1970 

Order Thalassomycetales A.R. Loebl. 1970 

Family Thalassomycetaceae Niezab. 1913 / Ellobiopsidae Coutière 1911 

1 Ellobiopsis Caullery 1910 -type E. chattoni 

1 Ellobiopsis chattoni Caullery 1910 

2 Ellobiopsis elongata Steuer 1932 

3 Ellobiopsis fagei Hovasse 1951 

2 Ellobiocystis Coutière 1911 -type E. caridarum (7 species) 

4 Ellobiocystis caridarum (Coutière 1911) Coutière 1911 (=Ellobiopsis caridarum Coutière) 

5 Ellobiocystis catenatus Coutière 1911 (=?E. caridarum Coutière) 

6 Ellobiocystis filicollus Coutiere 1911 (=?E. caridarum Coutière) 

7 Ellobiocystis mysidarum Coutière 1911 

8 Ellobiocystis tenuis Coutière 1911 (=?E. caridarum Coutière) 

9 Ellobiocystis tuberosus Coutière 1911 (=?E. caridarum Coutière) 

10 Ellobiocystis villosus Coutière 1911 (=?E. caridarum Coutière) 

3 Parallobiopsis Collin 1913 

11 Parallobiopsis coutieri Collin 1913 

4 Rhizellobiopsis Hovasse 1926 

12 Rhizellobiopsis eupraxiae (I. Zachs 1922) Hovasse 1926 (=Ellobiopsis eupraxiae I. Zachs) 

5 

Thalassomyces Niezab. 1913 (=Staphylocystis Coutière 1911, Amallocystis Fage 1936) -type T. spiczakovi (12 

species) 

13 Thalassomyces albatrossi B.L. Wing 1975 

14 Thalassomyces boschmai (Nouvel 1954) Boschma 1959 (=Amallocystis boschmai Nouvel) 

15 Thalassomyces californiensis S.B. Collard 1966 

16 Thalassomyces capillosus (Fage 1936) Boschma 1959 (=Amallocystis capillosus Fage) 

17 Thalassomyces fagei (Boschma 1948) Boschma 1959 (=Amallocystis fagei Boschma) 

18 Thalassomyces fasciatus (Fage 1936) Boschma 1959 (=Amallocystis fasciatus Fage) 

19 Thalassomyces marsupi J.E. Kane 1963 

20 Thalassomyces niezabitowski (Hoenigman 1960) Vader 1973 (=Amallocystis niezabitowski Hoenigman) 

21 Thalassomyces nouveli (Hoenigman 1954) Boschma 1959 (=Amallocystis nouveli Hoenigman) 

22 

Thalassomyces racemosus (Coutière 1911) Boschma 1959 (=Ellobiopsis racemosa Coutière, Staphylocystis 

racemosa Coutière, Thalassomyces batei Niezabiowski 1973, Thalassomyces racemosus (Coutière) P. Bergan 

1952) 

23 Thalassomyces spiczakovi Niezab. 1913 

24 Thalassomyces umbellatus (Boschma 1949) Boshma 1959 (=Amallocystis umbellatus Boschma) 

Class Oxyrrhea Cavalier-Smith 1987 

Order Oxyrrhida / Oxyrrhinales Sournia 1984 

Oxyrrhinaceae Sournia 1984 

6 Oxyrrhis Dujard. 1841 -type O. marina 

25 Oxyrrhis marina Dujard. 1841 (=O. maritima Meel 1969) 

26 Oxyrrhis tentaculifera W. Conrad 1939 

Class of Pronoctiluca, incertae sedis 

Order of Pronoctiluca 

Protodiniferaceae Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Pronoctilucaceae M. Lebour 1925) 

7 Pronoctiluca Fabre-Dom. 1889 (=Pelagorhynchus Pavill. 1917, Protodinifer Kof. & Swezy 1921) -type P. pelagica

74 GÓMEZ 


27 

28 

Pronoctiluca acuta (Lohmann 1912) J. Schiller 1933 (=Rhynchomonas acuta Lohmann 1912, R. curvata Lohmann 

1921) 

Pronoctiluca pelagica Fabre-Dom. 1889 (=R. marina Lohmann 1902, Pelagorhynchus marinus Pavill. 1917,=?P. 

spinifera) 

29 Pronoctiluca rostrata F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

30 

Pronoctiluca spinifera (Lohmann 1920) J. Schiller 1933 (=Protodinifer tentaculata Kof. & Swezy 1921, Pronoctiluca 

tentaculata (Kof. & Swezy) Pavill. 1922, ?P. pelagica Fabre-Dom. 1889) 

Superclass Syndina Cavalier-Smith 

Class of Duboscquella (=Marine Alveolate Group I) 

Order of Duboscquella / Duboscquellales / Duboscquodinida Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1987 

Duboscquellaceae Chatton 1920 ex A.R. Loebl. 1970 / Duboscquellidae Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1987 

8 Dogelodinium Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Collinella Cachon 1964) 

31 Dogelodinium ovoides (Cachon 1964) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Collinella ovoides Cachon) 

9 Duboscquella Chatton 1920 -type D. tintinnicola (8 species) 

32 Duboscquella anisospora Chatton in Grassé 1952 (=?D. tintinnicola (Lohmann 1908) Chatton 1920) 

33 Duboscquella aspida Cachon 1964 (=?D. tintinnicola (Lohmann 1908) Chatton 1920) 

34 Duboscquella cachoni D.W. Coats 1988 

35 Duboscquella caryophaga Cachon 1964 

36 Duboscquella cnemata Cachon 1964 (=?D. tintinnicola (Lohmann 1908) Chatton 1920) 

37 Duboscquella melo Cachon 1964 

38 Duboscquella nucleocola Cachon 1964 

39 Duboscquella tintinnicola (Lohmann 1908) Chatton 1920 (=Gymnodinium tintinnicola Lohmann) 

10 Ichthyodinium Hollande & Cachon 1953 

40 Ichthyodinium chabelardi Hollande & Cachon 1953 (=Perkinsoide chabelardi Gestal & al. 2006) 

11 Keppenodinium Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Hollandella Cachon 1964) -type K. mycetoides 

41 Keppenodinium lobatum (Cachon 1964) Sournia, Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1975 (=Hollandella lobata Cachon) 

42 Keppenodinium mycetoides (Cachon 1964) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 

43 

Kleppenodinium piriforme (Cachon 1964) Sournia, Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1975 (=Hollandella piriformis 

Cachon) 

Superclass Syndina Cavalier-Smith 

Class Syndinea Chatton 1920, Syndiniophyceae A.R. Loebl. 1976 (Marine Alveolate Group II) 

Syndiniales A.R. Loebl. 1976 (=?Coccidiniales Chatton & Biecheler 1934) 

Syndiniaceae Chatton 1920 

12 Merodinium Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium Chatton 1910) -type M. brandti (11 species) 

44 Merodinium astutum Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium astutum Chatton) 

45 

46 

Merodinium belari Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet 1953 (=Syndinium belari (Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet) Hollande 

& Cachon-Enjumet 1955, ?M. vernale (Hovasse 1924) Chatton in Grassé 1952) 

Merodinium borgerti (Hollande, Cachon-Enjumet & Manciet 1953) Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1954 (=Syndinium 

borgerti Hollande, Cachon-Enjumet & Manciet) 

47 Merodinium brandti (Hovasse 1923) Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium brandti Hovasse 1923) 

48 Merodinium breve Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1954 (=Syndinium breve Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1955) 

49 Merodinium chattoni Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1954 (=Syndinium chattoni Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1955) 

50 Merodinium dolosum Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium dolosum Chatton) 

51 Merodinium globiforme Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet 1953 

52 Merodinium insidiosum Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium incidiosum Chatton) 

53 Merodinium mendax Chatton 1923 (=Syndinium mendax Chatton 1923) 

54 

Merodinium vernale (Hovasse 1924) Chatton in Grassé 1952 (=S. vernale Hovasse,?M. belari Hollande & Cachon- 

Enjumet 1953) 

13 Syndinium Chatton 1910 (=Atelodinium Chatton 1920, Synhemidinium Chatton 1952) -type. S. turbo (10 species)


75 


55 Syndinium allognosticum R. Weill 1935 

56 Syndinium caryophagum Cachon-Enjumet 1961 

57 

Syndinium corycaei Chatton 1938 in Grassé 1952 (=S. corycaei Chatton 1922, Cochlosyndinium corycaei Chatton 

in Grassé 1952) 

58 Syndinium gammari J.F. Manier, A. Fize & H. Grizel 1971 

59 Syndinium globiforme Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet 1953. 

Syndinium gracile Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet 1953 (nom. nud.). 

Syndinium microscorum Chatton 1938 (nom. nud.) 

60 Syndinium oikopleurae Hollande & Fenaux 1975 

61 

Syndinium turbo Chatton 1910 (=S. rostratum Chatton 1938, Synhemidinium rostratum Chatton 1952, S. minutum 

Chatton in Grassé 1952). 

Subgenus Solenodinium Chatton (1923) Chatton in Grassé 1952 -type S. fallax 

62 Solenidinium densum Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1954 

63 Solenodinium fallax (Chatton 1923) Chatton 1938 (=Merodinium fallax Chatton) 

64 Solenodinium leptotaemia Hovasse & E.M. Brown 1954 

14 Hematodinium Chatton & R. Poisson 1930 -type H. perezi 

65 Hematodinium australis D.A. Hudson & J.D. Shields 1994 

66 Hematodinium perezi Chatton & R. Poisson 1930 

Coccidiniaceae / Coccidinidae Chatton & Biecheler 1934 

15 Coccidinium Chatton & Biecheler 1934 -type C. duboscqui 

67 Coccidinium duboscqui Chatton & Biecheler 1934 

68 Coccidinium legeri Chatton & Biecheler 1934 

69 Coccidinium mesnili Chatton & Biecheler 1936 

70 Coccidinium punctatum Chatton & Biecheler 1936 

Sphaeriparaceae A.R. Loebl. 1970 

16 Atlanticellodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1965 

71 Atlanticellodinium tregouboffi Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1965 

17 

Sphaeripara Poche 1911 (=Lohmannia Neresh. 1903, Lohmanella Neresh. 1904, Neresheimeria Übel 1912) -type 

S. catenata 

72 Sphaeripara catenata (Neresh. 1903) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Lohmannia catenata Neresh.) 

73 Sphaeripara paradoxa (Neresh. 1904) A.R. Loebl. 1967 (=Lohmannella paradoxa Neresh.) 

Amoebophryidae / Amoebophryaceae Cachon 1964 ex A.R. Loebl. 1970 

18 Actinodinium Chatton & Hovasse 1937 

74 Actinodinium apsteini Chatton & Hovasse 1937 

75 

Actinodinium paradoxum (M. Rose & Cachon 1951) Hollande & Cachon-Enjumet 1953 (=Diplomorpha paradoxa 

M. Rose & Cachon) 

19 Amoebophrya Koeppen 1894 -type A. stycholonchae (7 species) 

76 Amoebophrya acanthometrae Koeppen 1894 

77 Amoebophrya cerati (Koeppen 1899) Cachon 1964 (=Hyalosaccus cerati Koeppen) 

78 Amoebophrya grassei Cachon 1964 

79 Amoebophrya leptodisci Cachon 1964 

80 Amoebophrya rosei Cachon 1964 

81 Amoebophrya sticholonchae Koeppen 1894 

82 Amoebophrya tintinni Cachon 1964 

20 Caryotoma Hollande 1953 

83 Caryotoma bernardi Hollande 1953 

Superclass Dinokaryota Cavalier-Smith 1993

76 GÓMEZ 


Class Noctiluciphyceae Fensome & al. 1993/Noctilucophyceae, Phyllum Noctilucae Haeckel 1866, Class Noctilucea, 

Cystoflagellata 

Noctilucales Haeckel 1894 

Noctilucaceae Kent 1881 

21 Noctiluca Suriray ex Lam. 1816 

84 Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney 1810) Kof. 1920 (=Noctiluca miliaris Suriray ex Lam. 1816) 

22 Spatulodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968 

85 

Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (C.H.G. Pouchet 1885) Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet ex Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 

1969 (=Gymnodinium pseudonoctiluca C.H.G. Pouchet, G. fulgens Kof. & Swezy 1921, G. lebouriae Pavill., G. 

pyrocystis Jørg. 1912) 

Kofoidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

23 Cymbodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1967 

86 Cymbodinium elegans Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1967 

24 Kofoidinium Pavill. 1928 -type K. velelloides 

87 Kofoidinium arcticum Bursa 1964 

88 Kofoidinium pavillardii Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1967 (=K. lebouriae (Pavill. 1921) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

89 Kofoidinium splendens Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1967 

90 Kofoidinium velelloides Pavill. 1928 

25 Pomatodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1966 

91 Pomatodinium impatiens Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1966 

Leptodiscaceae Kof. 1905 

26 Abedinium Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Leptophyllus Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1964) 

92 

Abedinium dasypus (Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1964) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Leptophyllus dasypus Cachon 

& Cachon-Enjumet) 

27 Cachonodinium A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Leptodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1969) 

93 

Cachonodinium caudatum (Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1969) A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Leptodinium caudatum Cachon 

& Cachon-Enjumet) 

28 Craspedotella Kof. 1905 

94 Craspedotella pileolus Kof. 1905 

29 Leptodiscus Hertwig 1877 (=?Pratjetella Lohmann 1920, =?Clipeodinium Pascher 1917) 

95 

Leptodiscus medusoides Hertwig 1877 (=?Pratjetella medusoides (Hertwig) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966, 

?Clipeodinium medusa Pascher 1917) 

30 Petalodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1969 

96 Petalodinium porcelio Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1969 

31 Scaphodinium Margalef 1963 (=Leptospathium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1964) 

97 Scaphodinium mirabile Margalef 1963 (=Leptospathium navicula Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1964) 

Dinoflagellata Buetschli 1885, Dinophyceae (Buetschli 1885) Pascher 1914, Dinophyceae West & Fritch 1927, Class 

Peridinea 

Order Haplozooidea Poche 1913 

Haplozoonaceae Chatton 1920 

32 Haplozoon Dogiel 1906 -type H. armatum (14 species) 

98 Haplozoon ariciae Dogiel 1910 

99 Haplozoon armatum Dogiel 1906 

100 Haplozoon axiothellae A.E. Siebert 1973 

101 Haplozoon clymenellae (G.N. Calk. 1915) Chatton 1920 (=Microtaeniella clymenellae G.N. Calk. 1915) 

102 Haplozoon clymenidis Dogiel & Mikelsson 1923 

103 Haplozoon delicatulum Dogiel 1910 

104 Haplozoon dogielii W. Shumway 1924 

105 Haplozoon inerme Cachon 1964


77 


106 Haplozoon lineare Dogiel 1907 

107 Haplozoon macrostylum Dogiel 1910 

108 Haplozoon obscurum Dogiel 1910 

109 Haplozoon praxillellae S. Rueckert & B.S. Leander 2008 

110 Haplozoon tuberculatum Dogiel & Mikelsson 1923 

111 Haplozoon villosum Dogiel & Mikelsson 1923 

Order Dinotrichales Pascher 1914 

Crypthecodiniaceae Biecheler 1938 ex Chatton 1952 

33 Crypthecodinium Biecheler 1938 -type C. setense 

112 

Crypthecodinium cohnii (Seligo 1886) Chatton in Grassé 1952 (=Glenodinium cohnii Seligo in Cohn 1887, 

Gyrodinium cohnii (Seligo) J. Schiller 1933, Gymnodinium fucorum Küster 1908, Gyrodinium fucorum (Küster) 

Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

113 Crypthecodinium setense Biecheler 1938 

Dinotrichaceae Pascher 1914 

114 Gymnodinium quadrilobatum T. Horig. & Pienaar 1994 

115 Gymnodinium variabile Herdman 1924 

116 Peridiniopsis armebeensis L. Ten-Hage. P.K. Da & Couté 2007 

117 Peridiniopsis corillionii Leitao, Ten-Hage, G. Mascarell & Couté 2001 

118 Peridiniopsis kevei I. Grigorszky & Vasas 1997 

119 Peridiniopsis niei G.X. Liu & Z.Y. Hue 2008 

120 

Peridiniopsis penardii (Lemmerm. 1900) Bourr. 1968 (=P. andrzejowskii Wolosz. 1920, P. durandii S. Rodríguez, 

Couté, Ten-Hage & G. Mascarell 1999, Glenodinium penardii Lemmerm., Peridinium cinctum Penard 1891) 

121 Peridiniopsis rhomboides Krakhmalny 2002 (=?P. kevei I. Grigorszky & Vasas, ?P. corillionii Leitao & al. 2001) 

122 Peridiniopsis sphaeroidea (Christen 1958) Bourr. 1968 (=Peridinium sphaeroideum Christen) 

123 Peridinium quinquecorne T.H. Abé 1927 (=Protoperidinium quinquecorne (T.H. Abé) Balech 1974) 

34 Dinothrix Pascher 1914 

124 Dinothrix paradoxa Pascher 1914 

35 Durinskia Carty & E.R. Cox 1986 (=Glenodinium Ehrenb., Peridinium Ehrenb.) type -D. baltica 

125 

Durinskia baltica (Levander 1894) Carty & E.R. Cox 1986 (=P. balticum (Levander) Lemmerm. 1900, Glenodinium 

cinctum Levander 1892, G. balticum Levander 1894, P. dybowskii Wolosz. 1916, G. dybowskii (Wolosz.) Er. 

Lindem. 1925, Peridiniopsis balticum (Levander) Bourr. 1968) 

126 Durinskia capensis Pienaar, H. Sakai & T. Horig. 2007 

127 Durinskia occulata (F. Stein 1883) Gert Hansen & Flaim 2007 (=Glenodinium occulatum F. Stein) 

36 Galeidinium M. Tamura & T. Horig. 2005 

128 Galeidinium rugatum M. Tamura & T. Horig. 2005 

37 Kryptoperidinium Er. Lindem. 1924 (=Peridinium Ehrenb. ?Phyllodinium W. Conrad 1926) 

129 

Kryptoperidinium foliaceum (F. Stein 1883) Er. Lindem. 1924 (=Glenodinium foliaceum F. Stein, Peridinium umbo 

L.S. Sjöstedt 1924, ?Peridinium cuneatum Goor 1925, ?Phyllodinium scutelaris W. Conrad 1926) 

Order Dinococcales Pascher 1914 (incl. Phytodiniales T. Christ. 1962 ex Loebl. 1970, Suessiales Fensome & al. 

1993, Baseridae Özdikmen 2009) 

Phytodiniaceae Klebs 1912 (incl. Dinococcaceae Fott 1960, Hemidiniaceae Bourr. 1970, Borghiellaceae Moestrup, 

K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009) 

38 Baldinia Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2007 (=Glenodinium Ehrenb.) -type B. anauniensis 

130 Baldinia anauniensis Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2007 (=Glenodinium sanguineum Marchesoni 1941 sensu Baldi) 

131 

Baldiana bernardiensis (Chodat & Zehnder 1924) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 (=G. bernardiense 

Chodat & Zehnder) 

39 Borghiella Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2008 (non Berghiella Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) -type B. dodgei 

132 Borghiella dodgei Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugberg 2008

78 GÓMEZ 


133 

134 

Borghiella tenuissima (Lauterborn 1894) Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2008 (=Gymnodinium tenuissimum 

Lauterborn, Woloszynskia tenuissima (Lauterborn) R.H. Thomps. 1951, ?Gymnodinium lens Fott 1957) 

Woloszynskia pascheri (Suchl. 1916) Stosch 1973 (=Glen. pascheri Suchl., Glen. polonicum Wolosz. 1916, 

Gymnodinium hiemale Wolosz. 1917, Gym. tatricum Wolosz. 1919, Gym. mirum Utermöhl 1923, Gym. veris Er. 

Lindem. 1925, Gyr. silvaticum Er. Lindem. 1925, Gym. undulatum Wolosz. 1925, Gym. hiemale Skvorcov 1927, 

Gyr. nivale Er. Lindem. 1929, Gym. skvortzovii J. Schiller 1933, Gym. inversum Nyggard 1949, Dinastridinium 

verrucosum Baumeister 1957, Glen. muriaticum Skuja 1964, Gyrodinium pascheri (Suchl.) J. Schiller 1933) 

40 Cystodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Gymnocystodinium Baumeister 1957) -type C. cornifax (15 species) 

135 Cystodinium acerosum R.H. Thomps. 1984 

136 Cystodinium achroum Baumeister 1957 

137 

Cystodinium bataviense Klebs 1912 (=?C. lunare Pascher 1927, ?Dinococcus oedogonii (P. Richter 1897) Fott 

1960) 

138 Cystodinium bisetosum (Er. Lindem.1928) Hub.-Pest. 1950 (=Gymnodinium bisetosum Er. Lindem.) 

139 Cystodinium closterium Pascher 1927 (=Cystodinium closterium var. crassa Bourr. 1961) 

140 

Cystodinium cornifax (A.J. Schill. 1891) G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Glenodinium cornifax A.J. Schill., C. iners Geitler 

1928, Cystodinedria iners (Geitler 1928) Pascher 1944, C. steinii Klebs 1912, C. schilleri Baumeister 1957, C. 

unicorne Klebs 1912, C. steinii var. tenuirostris Wolosz. 1919, C. steinii var. dimidio-minor Baumeister 1957, 

Gymnocystodinium iners (Geitler) Baumeister 1957, Gymnocyst. unicorne (Klebs) Baumeister 1958) 

141 Cystodinium dirhamphos Baumeister 1957 

142 Cystodinium grabenseei Baumeister 1957 

143 Cystodinium guttatum Baumeister 1957 

144 Cystodinium heterorhamphos Baumeister 1957 

145 Cystodinium interspersum Baumeister 1957 

146 Cystodinium novaculosum (Baumeister 1939) Hub.-Pest. 1950 (=Gymnodinium novaculosum Baumeister) 

147 Cystodinium pallidulum Baumeister 1957 

148 Cystodinium papilionaceus Baumeister 1957 

149 

Cystodinium phaseolus Pascher 1928 (=C. conchaeforme Baumeister 1963, C. hyalinum Pascher 1944, C. 

minimum Pascher 1944, C. dominii Fott 1933, C. dimorphe (Baumeister) Hub.-Pest. 1950, Gymnocyst. dimorphe 

(Baumeister) Baumeister 1957, Dinorbiculus dimorphus (Baumeister) Baumeister 1968) 

150 Dinastridium armata (Baumeister 1957) Bourr. 1970 (=Bourrellyella armata Baumeister) 

41 Dinamoebidium Pascher 1916 (=Dinamoeba Pascher 1916) -type D. varians 

151 Dinamoebidium coloradense Bursa 1970 

152 Dinamoebidium hyperboreum Bursa 1970 

153 Dinamoebidium varians (Pascher 1916) Pascher 1916 (=Dinamoeba varians Pascher) 

42 Dinoclonium Pascher 1927 

154 Dinoclonium conradii Pascher 1927 

43 Dinococcus Fott 1960 (=Cystodinium G.A. Klebs 1912, Raciborskia Wolosz. 1919) -type D. bicornis 

155 Dinococcus africanum Bourr. 1961 

156 

Dinococcus bicornis (Wolosz. 1919) Fott 1960 (=Raciborskia bicornis Wolosz., Cystodinium bicorne (Wolosz.) 

Hub.-Pest. 1950) 

157 Dinococcus incus (Pascher 1932) Fott 1960 (=Raciborskia incus Pascher) 

158 

Dinococcus oedogonii (P. Richter 1897) Fott 1960 (=R. oedogonii (P. Richter) Pascher 1943, Rhizophydium 

oedogonii P. Richter, Cystodinium brevipes Geitler, ?C. bataviense Klebs 1912) 

44 Filodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968 

159 Filodinium hovassei Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968 

45 Hypnodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 -type H. sphaericum 

160 Hypnodinium asiaticum Skvortzov 1958 

161 Hypnodinium lefevrei Bourr. 1987 

162 Hypnodinium sphaericum G.A. Klebs 1912 

46 Manchudinium Skvortzov 1972 (=Pentadinium Skvortzov 1968)


79 


163 Manchudinium sinicum (Skvortzov 1968) Skvortzov 1972 

47 Phytodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 

164 

Phytodinium simplex G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Phytodinium globosum Pascher 1927, Phytodinium aureum Starmach 

1963) 

48 Prosoaulax Calado & Moestrup 2005 (=Amphidinium Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) -type P. lacustris 

165 

166 

Prosoaulax lacustris (F. Stein 1883) Calado & Moestrup 2005 (=Amphidinium lacustre F. Stein 1883, A. elenkinii 

Skvortzov 1925, A. eucephalum J. Schiller 1955, A. gyrinum T.M. Harris 1940, A. inconstans J. Schiller 1955, A. 

larvale Er. Lindem. 1928, A. sauerzopfii J. Schiller 1955, A. luteum Skuja 1939, A. tenagodes T.M. Harris 1940, A. 

lacustriforme J. Schiller 1928, A. hyalinum Entz 1930, A. tatrae Wolosz. 1936, A. inconstans J. Schiller 1955, A. 

turicense Hub.-Pest. 1959, A. skujae Christen 1958, A. schroderi J. Schiller 1928, Gym. stagnale J. Schiller 1955) 

Prosoaulax multiplex (J. Schiller 1955) Calado & Moestrup 2005 (=Amphidinium multiplex J. Schiller, Amphidinium 

lohammarii Skuja 1956, A. vorax J. Schiller 1955) 

167 Prosoaulax viridis (J. Schiller 1955) Calado & Moestrup 2005 (=Amphidinium viride J. Schiller) 

49 Sphaerodinium Wolosz. 1915 (non Sphaerodinium T.H. Abé 1927) -type S. polonicum (5 species) 

168 Sphaerodinium javanicum Wolosz. 1930 (=S. cinctum var. javanicum (Wolosz.) Hub.-Pest. 1950) 

169 Sphaerodinium limneticum Wolosz. 1915 (=S. cinctum var. limneticum (Wolosz.) Hub.-Pest. 1950) 

170 

Sphaerodinium polonicum Wolosz. 1915 (=S. cinctum var. polonicum (Wolosz.) Hub.-Pest. 1950, S. polonicum 

var. tatrica Wolosz. 1916) 

171 Sphaerodinium cracoviense Wolosz. 1915 (=?S. cinctum (Ehrenb. 1836) Wolosz. 1917) 

172 Sphaerodinium fimbriatum R.H. Thomps. 1951 

50 Tetradinium G.A. Klebs 1912 (non Tetradinium Vavrdová 1973) -type T. javanicum (5 species) 

173 Tetradinium chiastosporum T.M. Harris 1940 (=T. chiastosporum var. armatum Wawrik 1981) 

174 Tetradinium intermedium Geitler 1928 (=T. intermedium var. longipes Thérézien 1985) 

175 Tetradinium javanicum G.A. Klebs 1912 

176 Tetradinium minus Pascher 1927 

177 Tetradinium simplex Prescott 1949 

Symbiodiniaceae Fensome & al. 1993 (?Zooxanthellaceae) 

178 Gymnodinium varians Maskell 1887 (=G. minimum G.A. Klebs 1912) 

179 Gyrodinium zeta J. Larsen 1996 

51 Aureodinium J.D. Dodge 1967 

180 Aureodinium pigmentosum J.D. Dodge 1967 (=Gymnodinium pigmentosum (J.D. Dodge) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

52 

Biecheleria Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 (=Gymnodinium F. Stein 1883, Woloszynskia R.H. 

Thomps. 1951) -type B. pseudopalustris 

181 Biecheleria baltica Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 

182 

Biecheleria halophila (Biecheler 1952) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 (=Gymnodinium halophilum 

Biecheler, Woloszynskia halophila (Biecheler) Elbr. & A. Kremp 2005) 

183 Biecheleria natalensis (T. Horig. & Pienaar 1994) Moestrup 2009 (=Gymnodinium natalense T. Horig. & Pienaar) 

184 

Biecheleria pseudopalustris (J. Schiller 1932) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 (=G. pseudopalustris 

J. Schiller 1932, W. pseudopalustris (J. Schiller) Kisselev 1954 ex Elbr. 2005, G. palustre A.J. Schill. forma Wolosz. 

1918, W. pseudopalustris (Wolosz. 1917) Kisselev 1954, ?G. excavatum Nygaard 1954) 

185 Woloszynskia cincta Siano, Montresor & Zingone 2009 

186 Woloszynskia cestocoetes (R.H. Thomps. 1947) R.H. Thomps. 1951 (=Gymnodinium cestocoetes R.H. Thomps.) 

53 Biecheleriopsis Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 

187 Biecheleriopsis adriatica Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009 (=Gymnodinium corii J. Schiller 1928) 

54 Piscinoodinium J. Lom 1981 -type P. limneticum 

188 Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schäp. 1954) J. Lom 1981 (=Oodinium pillularis Schäp.) 

189 Piscinoodinium limneticum (D.L. Jacobs 1946) J. Lom 1981 (=Oodinium limneticum D.L. Jacobs) 

55 Polarella Montresor, Procaccini & Stoecker 1999 

190 Polarella glacialis Montresor, Procaccini & Stoecker 1999 

56 Pelagodinium Siano, Montresor, Probert & de Vargas 2010

80 GÓMEZ 


191 Pelagodinium bei (Spero 1987) Siano, Montresor, Probert & de Vargas 2010 (=Gymnodinium bei Spero) (`beii´) 

57 Protodinium Lohmann 1908 -type P. simplex 

192 Gymnodinium pygmaeum M. Lebour 1925 

193 Protodinium neapolitanum J. Schiller 1928 

194 Protodinium oestianum Braarud 1935 

195 

Protodinium simplex Lohmann 1908 (=Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann 1908) Kof. & Swezy 1921, non G. simplex 

P.A. Dangeard 1939) 

58 Symbiodinium Freud. 1962 -type S. microadriaticum (15 species) 

196 Symbiodinium bermudense R.K. Trench 1993 

197 Symbiodinium californicum LaJeunesse & R.K. Trench 2000 

198 Symbiodinium cariborum R.K. Trench 1993 

199 Symbiodinium corculorum R.K. Trench 1993 

200 Symbiodinium fittii B.K. Baillie, C.A. Belda-Baillie & T. Maruyama 2000 `?fitti´ 

201 Symbiodinium goreaui R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000 

202 Symbiodinium kawagutii R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000 

203 

Symbiodinium linucheae (R.K. Trench & L.V. Thinh 1995) LaJeunesse 2001 (=Gymnodinium linucheae R.K. 

Trench & L.V. Thinh) 

204 Symbiodinium meandrinae R.K. Trench 1993 

205 

Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freud. 1962 (=Gymnodinium microadriaticum (Freud.) D.L. Taylor 1971, 

Zooxanthella microadriatica (Freud.) A.R. Loebl. & J.L. Sherley 1979) 

206 Symbiodinium muscatinei LaJeunesse & R.K. Trench 2000 

207 Symbiodinium natans Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2009 

208 Symbiodinium pilosum R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000 

209 Symbiodinium pulchrorum R.K. Trench 1993 

210 Symbiodinium tridacnorum Hollande & Carré 1975 

Order of Akashiwo 

Family of Akashiwo 

59 Akashiwo Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 

211 

Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka 1924) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka, 

Gymnodinium splendens M. Lebour 1925, G. nelsonii G.W. Martin 1929) 

Order Brachidiniales A.R. Loebl. 1982 ex Sournia 1984 

Brachidiniaceae Sournia 1972 (incl. Kareniaceae Bergholtz & al. 2006) 

212 Cochlodinium convolutum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

60 Asterodinium Sournia 1972 (=?Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963) -type A. gracile 

213 Asterodinium gracile Sournia 1972 

214 Asterodinium libanum Abboud-Abi Saab 1989 

215 Asterodinium spinosum Sournia 1972 

61 

Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963 (=?Karenia Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000, non Bacchidinium R.J. Davey 1979) 

-type B. capitatum 

216 Brachidinium brevipes Sournia 1972 

217 Brachidinium capitatum F.J.R. Taylor 1963 

218 Brachidinium catenatum F.J.R. Taylor 1967 

219 Brachidinium taylorii Sournia 1972 

62 Gynogonadinium F. Gómez 2007 

220 Gynogonadinium aequatoriale F. Gómez 2007 

63 

Karenia Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=?Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963, non Karenia Wei & Zhang) -type K. 

brevis (13 species) 

221 Karenia asterichroma de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2004


81 


222 Karenia bicuneiformis L. Botes, S.D. Sym & G.C. Pitcher 2003 

223 Karenia bidigitata A.J. Haywood & Steid. 2004 

224 

Karenia brevis (C.C. Davis 1948) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=G. breve C.C. Davis, Ptychodiscus brevis (C.C. 

Davis) Steid. 1979) 

225 Karenia brevisulcata (F.H. Chang 1999) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=G. brevisulcatum F.H. Chang) 

226 Karenia concordia F.H. Chang & K.G. Ryan 2004 (=?K. mikimotoi) 

227 Karenia cristata L. Botes, S.D. Sym & G.C. Pitcher 2003 

228 

Karenia digitata Z.B. Yang, H. Takayama, Matsuoka & I.J. Hodgkiss 2000 (=?Karlodinium decipiens de Salas & 

Laza-Martínez 2008) 

229 Karenia longicanalis Z.B. Yang, I.J. Hodgkiss & Gert Hansen 2001 

230 

Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex H. Oda 1935) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=G. nagasakiense H. 

Takayama & Adachi 1984) 

231 Karenia papilionacea A.J. Haywood & Steid. 2004 

232 Karenia selliformis A.J. Haywood, Steid. & L. MacKenzie 2004 

233 Karenia umbella de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2004 

64 Karlodinium J. Larsen 2000 -type K. micrum (10 species) 

234 Gymnodinium amphityphlum J. Larsen 1994 

235 Gymnodinium pumilum J. Larsen 1994 

236 Gyrodinium estuariale Hulburt 1957 

237 Karlodinium antarcticum de Salas 2008 

238 Karlodinium armiger T. Bergholtz, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2006 

239 Karlodinium australe de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2005 

240 Karlodinium ballantinum de Salas 2008 

241 Karlodinium conicum de Salas 2008 

242 Karlodinium corrugatum de Salas 2008 

243 Karlodinium corsicum (Paulmier 1995) Siano & Zingone 2009 (=Gyrodinium corsicum Paulmier) 

244 Karlodinium decipiens de Salas & Laza-Martínez 2008 (=?Karenia digitata Yang & al. 2000) 

245 

246 

Karlodinium veneficum (D. Ballant. 1956) J. Larsen 2000 (=K. micrum (B. Leadb. & J.D. Dodge 1966) J. Larsen 

2000, Gym. veneficum D. Ballant., Wolosz. micra B. Leadb. & J.D. Dodge, Gyr. galatheanum (Braarud 1957) F.J.R. 

Taylor 1992, Gym. micrum (B. Leadb. & J.D. Dodge) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

Karlodinium vitiligo (D. Ballant. 1956) J. Larsen 2000 (=Gymnodinium vitiligo D. Ballant., ?K. veneficum (D. 

Ballant.) J. Larsen) 

65 Microceratium Sournia 1972 (=?Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963) 

247 Microceratium orstomii Sournia 1972 

66 Pavillardia Kof. & Swezy 1921 

248 Pavillardia tentaculifera Kof. & Swezy 1921 

67 Pseliodinium Sournia 1972 

249 

Pseliodinium vaubanii Sournia 1972 (=Gymnodinium fusus F. Schütt 1896, Gyrodinium falcatum Kof. & Swezy 

1921, Gyrodinium sugashimanii Cachon, H. Sato, Cachon-Enjumet & S. Sato 1989, Gyrodinium caudatum Kof. & 

Swezy 1921) 

68 Takayama de Salas, Bolch, L. Botes & Hallegr. 2003 -type T. tasmanica (6 species) 

250 Gyrodinium impendens J. Larsen 1996 

251 Takayama acrotrocha (J. Larsen 1996) de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2003 (=Gyrodinium acrotrochum J. Larsen) 

252 Takayama cladochroma (J. Larsen 1996) de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2003 (=Gyrodinium cladochroma J. Larsen) 

253 Takayama helix de Salas, Bolch, L. Botes & Hallegr. 2003 

254 Takayama pulchella (J. Larsen 1994) de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2003 (=Gymnodinium pulchellum J. Larsen) 

255 Takayama tasmanica de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2003 

256 Takayama tuberculata de Salas 2008

82 GÓMEZ 


69 Torodinium Kof. & Swezy 1921 -type T. teredo 

257 Torodinium robustum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium teredo F. Schütt 1895 partim) 

258 

Torodinium teredo (C.H.G. Pouchet 1885) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. teredo C.H.G. Pouchet, T. robustum Kof. & 

Swezy 1921 partim) 

Order Gymnodiniales Lemmerm. 1910 

Gymnodiniales sensu stricto 

Chytriodiniaceae Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968 

70 Chytriodinium Chatton 1912 -type C. roseum 

259 Chytriodinium affine (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium affine Dogiel) 

260 Chytriodinium parasiticum (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium parasiticum Dogiel) 

261 

Chytriodinium roseum (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium roseum Dogiel, non Gymnodinium roseum 

Lohmann 1908) 

71 Dissodinium G.A. Klebs 1916 (=Diplodinium G.A. Klebs 1912, Sporodinium Gönnert 1936) -type D. pseudolunula 

262 Dissodinium pseudocalani (Gönnert 1936) Drebes ex Elbr. & Drebes 1978 (=Sporodinium pseudocalani Gönnert) 

263 

Dissodinium pseudolunula E.V. Swift 1973 (=Pyrocystis margalefii G. Léger 1973, Gym. bicorne Kof. & Swezy 

1921, D. bicorne (Kof. & Swezy) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

72 Myxodinium Cachon, Cachon-Enjumet & Bouquaheux 1969 

264 Myxodinium pipiens Cachon, Cachon-Enjumet & Bouquaheux 1969 

73 Schizochytriodinium Elbr. 1988 

265 Schizochytriodinium calani Elbr. 1988 

74 Syltodinium Drebes 1989 

266 Syltodinium listi Drebes 1989 (=?Gyrodinium undulans Hulburt 1957) 

Gymnodiniaceae Lank. 1885 (incl. Polykrikaceae Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

75 Barrufeta N. Sampedro & S. Fraga 2011 

267 Barrufeta bravensis N. Sampedro & S. Fraga 2011 

76 

Gymnodinium F. Stein 1878 (=Gymnocystodinium Baumeister 1957, Rhizodinium Baumeister 1955 ex Loebl. & 

A.R. Loebl. 1968) -type G. fuscum (214 species) 

268 Amphidinium dentatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

269 Amphidinium latum M. Lebour 1925 

270 Amphidinium poecilochroum J. Larsen 1985 

271 Amphidinium salinum J. Ruinen 1938 

272 Amphidinium truncatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

273 Amphidinium vigrense Wolosz. 1925 

274 Gymnocystodinium parthasarathii Ramanathan 1967 

275 Gymnodinium absumens J. Schiller 1955 

276 Gymnodinium achroum J. Schiller 1955 

277 Gymnodinium acuminatum Christen 1954 

278 Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov 1997 

279 Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda 1846) Kof. & Swezy 1921 

280 Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle 1960 

281 

Gymnodinium aeruginosum F. Stein 1883 (=G. dohrnii Wawrik 1956, G. acidotum Nygaard 1949, G. viride Penard 

1891, G. capaniforme Popovský 1971) 

282 Gymnodinium aesculum Baumeister 1943 

283 Gymnodinium aestivale Skvortzov 1968 

284 Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H. Campb. 1973 

285 Gymnodinium agile Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non G. agile sensu Herdman 1922=Herdmania litoralis J.D. Dodge 1981) 

286 Gymnodinium agiliforme J. Schiller 1928 

287 Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa 1963


83 


288 Gymnodinium alatum Litvin. 1965 

289 Gymnodinium albidum J.B. Lackey & E.W. Lackey 1970 

290 Gymnodinium albulum Er. Lindem. 1928 

291 Gymnodinium alsiophilum Skuja 1964 

292 Gymnodinium amphiconicoides J. Schiller 1955 

293 Gymnodinium amplinucleum P.H. Campb. 1973 

294 Gymnodinium arcticum A. Wulff 1916 (=?G. soyai Y. Hada 1970) 

295 Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco 1965 (=G. variabile sensu J.D. Dodge 1982, non G. variabile Herdman 1924) 

296 Gymnodinium armoricanum Villeret 1953 

297 Gymnodinium aurantium P.H. Campb. 1973 

298 Gymnodinium aureolum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen 2000 

299 Gymnodinium australe Playfair 1920 

300 Gymnodinium australense J. Ruinen 1938 (non Gymnodinium australiense Deflandre & Cookson 1966) 

301 Gymnodinium baccatum Balech 1965 

302 Gymnodinium baicalense N.L. Antipova 1955 

303 Gymnodinium baumeisteri J. Schiller 1955 

304 Gymnodinium bicaudatum Pavill. 1905 

305 Gymnodinium biciliatum Ohno 1911 

306 Gymnodinium biconicum J. Schiller 1928 (non Gyrodinium biconicum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

307 Gymnodinium bilobatum Meel 1969 

308 Gymnodinium birotundatum Goor 1925 

309 Gymnodinium bogoriense G.A. Klebs 1912 

310 Gymnodinium boguense P.H. Campb. 1973 

311 Gymnodinium bonaerense Akselman 1985 

312 Gymnodinium boreale Gaarder 1953 

313 Gymnodinium caerulescens J. Schiller 1955 

314 Gymnodinium campaniforme Popovský 1971 

315 Gymnodinium capitatum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

316 Gymnodinium carinatum A.J. Schill. 1891 

317 Gymnodinium cassiei R.E. Norris 1961 

318 Gymnodinium catenatum H.W. Graham 1943 

319 Gymnodinium chiasmonetrium R.E. Norris 1961 

320 

Gymnodinium chiastosporum (T.M. Harris 1940) A.A. Cridland 1958 (=Tetradinium chistosporum T.M. Harris 

1940, Dinastridinium chiastoporum (T.M. Harris 1940) Starmach 1974, G. hippocastanum A.A. Cridland 1958, 

Dinastridinium sexangulare Pascher 1927) 

321 Gymnodinium chukwanii D. Ballant. 1961 

322 Gymnodinium cinctum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

323 Gymnodinium cnodax W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

324 Gymnodinium colymbeticum T.M. Harris 1940 (=?G. pulvisculus G.A. Klebs 1912) 

325 Gymnodinium corollarium A.M. Sundström, A. Kremp & Daugbjerg 2009 

326 Gymnodinium corpusculum (Perty 1852) Kent 1881 

327 

328 

Gymnodinium cruciatum (Massart 1920) J. Schiller 1932 (=Chilodinium cruciatum Massart, non G. cruciatum R.H. 

Thomps. 1950) 

Gymnodinium cryophilum (G.J. Wedemayer, L.W. Wilcox & L.E. Graham 1982) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 

(=Amphidinium cryophilum G.J. Wedemayer, L.W. Wilcox & L.E. Graham) 

329 Gymnodinium cyaneofungiforme W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

330 Gymnodinium cyaneum J. Schiller 1955 (non G. cyaneum H.J. Hu 1980) 

331 Gymnodinium danicans P.H. Campb. 1973

84 GÓMEZ 


332 Gymnodinium danubiense J. Schiller 1955 

333 Gymnodinium deformabile J. Schiller 1955 

334 Gymnodinium depressum Skvortzov 1968 

335 Gymnodinium diamphidium R.E. Norris 1961 

336 Gymnodinium discoidale T.M. Harris 1940 (=Glenodinium eurystomum T.M. Harris 1939) 

337 Gymnodinium dissimile Kof. & Swezy 1921 

338 Gymnodinium dodgei R. Sarma & Y.S.R.K. Shyam 1974 

339 

Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum (Hulburt, J.J.A. McLaughlin & P.A. Zahl 1960) Sh. Murray, de Salas & Hallegr. 2007 

(=Katodinium dorsalisulcum Hulburt, J.J.A. McLaughlin & P.A. Zahl) 

340 Gymnodinium endofasciculum P.H. Campb. 1973 

341 Gymnodinium enorme D. Ballant. 1964 

342 

Gymnodinium eucyaneum H.J. Hu 1983 (=Gymnodinium cyaneum H.J. Hu 1980, non Gymnodinium cyaneum J. 

Schiller 1955) 

343 Gymnodinium eufrigidum J. Schiller 1955 (non Gymnodinium frigidum Balech 1965) 

344 Gymnodinium excavatum Meel 1969 (non G. excavatum Nygaard 1954) 

345 Gymnodinium exechegloutum R.E. Norris 1961 

346 Gymnodinium filum M. Lebour 1917 (=?Amphidinium sphenoides A. Wulff 1916) 

347 

Gymnodinium fissum Levander 1894 (=Spirodinium fissum (Levander) Lemmerm. 1900, non Gyr. fissum 

(Levander) Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

348 Gymnodinium flavum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gyrodinium flavum Kof. 1931) 

349 Gymnodinium fossarum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

350 Gymnodinium frigidum Balech 1965 (non Gymnodinium eufrigidum J. Schiller 1955) 

351 

352 

Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenb. 1834) F. Stein 1878 (=Gymnocystodinium gessneri Baumeister 1957, Cystodinium 

gessneri (Baumeister) Bourr. 1970, Rhizodinium gessneri (Baumeister) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1968, Gymnodinium 

caudatum Prescott 1944) 

Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud 1957 (non Karlodinium micrum (B. Leadb. & J.D. Dodge 1966) J. Larsen 

2000) 

353 Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matzen. 1933 

354 Gymnodinium galeatum J. Larsen 1994 

355 Gymnodinium galesianum P.H. Campb. 1973 

356 Gymnodinium gelbum Kof. 1931 

357 Gymnodinium gibbera J. Schiller 1928 

358 Gymnodinium glandiforme W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

359 Gymnodinium gleba F. Schütt 1895 

360 Gymnodinium gracilentum P.H. Campb. 1973 

361 

Gymnodinium grammaticum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1887) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=G. punctatum var. grammaticum C.H.G. 

Pouchet) 

362 Gymnodinium granii J. Schiller 1955 

363 Gymnodinium helveticum Penard 1891 (=Glenodinium apiculatum O. Zacharias 1913) 

364 Gymnodinium herbaceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

365 Gymnodinium hiroshimaense Y. Hada 1968 

366 Gymnodinium hulburtii P.H. Campb. 1973 

367 Gymnodinium impatiens Skuja 1964 

368 Gymnodinium impudicum (S. Fraga & Bravo 1995) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 

369 Gymnodinium incertum Herdman 1924 

370 Gymnodinium inconstans Meel 1969 

371 Gymnodinium indicum R. Shyam & Y.S.R.K. Sarma 1975 

372 Gymnodinium intercalare Bursa 1961 

373 

Gymnodinium irregulare B. Hope 1954 (non G. enorme D. Ballant. 1964, non G. irregulare Christen 1959 =G. 

uberrimum)


85 


374 Gymnodinium japonicum Y. Hada 1974 

375 Gymnodinium knollii J. Schiller 1955 

376 Gymnodinium kowalevskii Pitzik 1967 

377 Gymnodinium kujavense Liebetanz 1925 

378 Gymnodinium lachmannii Kent 1881 

379 Gymnodinium lackeyi (J.B. Lackey 1936) Kisselev 1954 (=G. limneticum J.B. Lackey 1936) 

380 Gymnodinium lacustre J. Schiller 1933 (=G. profundum J. Schiller 1933) 

381 Gymnodinium lalitae R. Sarma & Y.S.R.K. Shyam 1974 

382 Gymnodinium lanskoi Rouchijajnen 1968 

383 

Gymnodinium lantzschii Utermöhl 1925 (=G. minimum Lantzsch 1914, Glenodinium minimum (Lantzsch) 

Bachmann 1924, Gymnodinium albulum Er. Lindem. 1928, G. rhinophoron (Javorn.) Litvin. 1977, G. macronucleum 

Litvin. 1963) 

384 Gymnodinium latum Skuja 1948 (=G. alsiophyllum Skuja 1964) 

385 Gymnodinium legiconveniens J. Schiller 1955 

386 

Gymnodinium lens Fott 1957 (=?Borghiella tenuissima (Lauterborn 1894) Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 

2008) 

387 Gymnodinium leptum R.E. Norris 1961 

388 Gymnodinium litoralis A. Reñé 2011 (=?Gymnodinium vorax Biecheler 1952) 

389 Gymnodinium loburare P.H. Campb. 1973 

390 Gymnodinium luteofaba Javorn. 1965 

391 Gymnodinium luteo-viride Meel 1969 

392 Gymnodinium maguelonnense Biecheler 1939 

393 Gymnodinium mammosum Meel 1969 

394 Gymnodinium marylandicum R.H. Thomps. 1947 

395 Gymnodinium maximum Nordli 1951 

396 Gymnodinium microreticulatum Bolch, A. Negri & Hallegr. 1999 

397 Gymnodinium mitratum J. Schiller 1933 (=G. eurytopum Skuja 1948, G. simile Skuja 1956) 

398 Gymnodinium modestum Balech 1976 (=Gymnodinium baccatum Balech sensu Y. Hada 1970) 

399 

Gymnodinium monadicum (Perty 1852) Kent 1880 (=Peridinium monadicum Perty, Glen. monadicum (Perty) 

Diesing 1866) 

400 Gymnodinium myriopyrenoides H. Yamaguchi, T. Nakayama, A. Kai & I. Inouye 2011 

401 Gymnodinium najadeum J. Schiller 1928 

402 Gymnodinium nanum J. Schiller 1928 

403 Gymnodinium neapolitanum J. Schiller 1928 

404 Gymnodinium nolleri Ellegaard & Moestrup 1999 

405 Gymnodinium obliquum Okolodkov 1997 

406 

Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle 1960 (non Gym. oceanicum Sukhanova 1968, non Gyrodinium oceaniae 

Okolodkov 1997) 

407 Gymnodinium ochraceum Kof. 1931 

408 Gymnodinium octo J. Larsen 1994 

409 Gymnodinium olivaceum Skvortzov 1968 

410 Gymnodinium opressum W. Conrad 1926 

411 Gymnodinium ostenfeldii J. Schiller 1928 

412 Gymnodinium ovato-capitatum Meel 1969 

413 Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov 1997 (non Gyrodinium ovoideum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

414 Gymnodinium ovulum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

415 Gymnodinium pallidum Skuja 1939 

416 

Gymnodinium palustre A.J. Schill. 1891 (=G. carinatum A.J. Schill. 1891, ?G. vigrense Wolosz. 1925, ?G. 

zachariasii Er. Lemmerm. 1900)

86 GÓMEZ 


417 Gymnodinium palustriforme Gert Hansen & Flaim 2007 

418 Gymnodinium paradoxum A.J. Schill. 1891 

419 Gymnodinium patagonicum Balech 1971 

420 Gymnodinium paulsenii J. Schiller 1928 

421 Gymnodinium pavlae Popovský 1990 

422 Gymnodinium peisonis J. Schiller 1955 

423 Gymnodinium perplexum Meel 1969 

424 Gymnodinium pingue Meel 1969 (non Gyrodinium pingue (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

425 Gymnodinium placidum Herdman 1922 

426 Gymnodinium planctonicum Skvortzov 1968 

427 Gymnodinium posthiemale J. Schiller 1955 

428 Gymnodinium pseudomirabile Gert Hansen & Flaim 2007 

429 Gymnodinium pulchrum J. Schiller 1928 

430 Gymnodinium punctatum C.H.G. Pouchet 1887 

431 

Gymnodinium pusillum A.J. Schill. 1891 (=Gyrodinium pusillum (A.J. Schill.) Kof. & Swezy, ?Gyr. elongatum J. 


432 Gymnodinium pyrenoidosum T. Horig. & Chihara 1988 

433 Gymnodinium ravenescens Kof. & Swezy 1921 

434 Gymnodinium regulare Meel 1969 

435 Gymnodinium rete F. Schütt 1895 

436 Gymnodinium roseostigma P.H. Campb. 1973 

437 Gymnodinium rotundatum G.A. Klebs 1912 

438 Gymnodinium saginatum T.M. Harris 1940 

439 Gymnodinium scaphium Meel 1969 

440 Gymnodinium schaefferi S. Morris 1937 

441 Gymnodinium schuettii J. Schiller 1955 

442 Gymnodinium semidivisum J. Schiller 1928 

443 Gymnodinium servatum W. Busch 1927 

444 Gymnodinium simile Skuja 1956 

445 Gymnodinium simplex P.A. Dangeard 1939 

446 Gymnodinium sinuatum Skvortzov 1968 

447 Gymnodinium soyai Y. Hada 1970 

448 Gymnodinium sphaeroideum Kof. 1931 

449 Gymnodinium subroseum P.H. Campb. 1973 

450 Gymnodinium subrufescens G.W. Martin 1929 

451 Gymnodinium suffuscum Meel 1969 

452 Gymnodinium telma Meel 1969 

453 Gymnodinium terrum Baumeister 1943 

454 Gymnodinium thomasii Christen 1959 

455 Gymnodinium trapeziforme Attaran-Fariman & Bolch 2007 

456 Gymnodinium triangularis M. Lebour 1917 

457 

Gymnodinium triceratium Skuja 1939 (=Gyrodinium asymmetricum Wolosz. 1936, Gymnodinium impar T.M. Harris 

1940) 

458 Gymnodinium tridentatum J. Schiller 1933 

459 

Gymnodinium uberrimum (G.J. Allman 1854) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Melodinium uberrimum Kent 1880, G. mirabile 

Penard 1891, G. rufescens Lemmerm. 1910, G. limneticum Wolosz. 1935, G. irregulare Christen 1959, G. 

bogoriense G.A. Klebs 1912, G. obesum J. Schiller 1933, G. rotundatum G.A. Klebs 1912, G. poculiferum Skuja 

1956, G. limitatum Skuja 1956, Gyr. traunsteineri Er. Lindem. 1928)


87 


460 Gymnodinium undulatum Wolosz. 1925 (=?Woloszynskia pascheri (Suchl. 1916) Stosch 1973) 

461 Gymnodinium valdecompressum P.H. Campb. 1973 

462 Gymnodinium vas Meel 1939 

463 Gymnodinium vastum W. Busch 1927 

464 

Gymnodinium venator Flø Jørg. & Sh. Murray 2004 (=G. pellucidum (Herdman 1922) Flø Jørg. & Sh. Murray, A. 

subsalsum Biecheler 1952) 

465 Gymnodinium verruculosum P.H. Campb. 1973 

466 Gymnodinium vigrense Wolosz. 1925 (=?G. palustre A.J. Schill. 1891) 

467 Gymnodinium violescens Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Warnowia violescens (Kof. & Swezy) Er. Lindem. 1928) 

468 Gymnodinium virescens E.J.F. Wood 1963 (non Gymnodinium viridescens Kof. 1931) 

469 Gymnodinium viridaliut J. Schiller 1955 

470 Gymnodinium viridans Meel 1969 

471 Gymnodinium viride Penard 1891 

472 Gymnodinium viridescens Kof. 1931 (non Gyrodinium viridescens Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

473 Gymnodinium waweikae J. Schiller 1955 

474 Gyrodinium ascendans Kof. 1931 

475 Gyrodinium aureum (W. Conrad 1926) J. Schiller 1933 (=Spirodinium aureum W. Conrad) 

476 Gyrodinium ferrugineum Kof. 1931 

477 Gyrodinium flagellare J. Schiller 1928 

478 Gyrodinium glaebum Hulburt 1957 

479 Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt 1957 

480 Gyrodinium viridescens Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium viridescens Kof. 1931) 

481 Gyrodinium vorax Biecheler 1952 (non Gymnodinium vorax Massart 1901) 

77 Gyrodiniellum N.S. Kang, H.J. Jeong & Moestrup 2011 

482 Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense N.S. Kang, H.J. Jeong & Moestrup 2011 

78 Lepidodinium M. Watanabe, S. Suda, I. Inouye, T. Sawaguchi & M. Chihara 1990 -type L. viride 

483 Lepidodinium viride M. Watanabe, S. Suda, I. Inouye, T. Sawaguchi & M. Chihara 1990 

484 

Lepidodinium chlorophorum (Elbr. & Schnepf 1996) Gert Hansen, L. Botes, de Salas 2007 (=Gym. chlorophorum 

Elbr. & Schnepf , ?L. viride Watanabe & al.) 

79 Paragymnodinium N.S. Kang, H.J. Jeong, Moestrup & W. Shin 2010 

485 Paragymnodinium shiwhaense N.S. Kang, H.J. Jeong, Moestrup & W. Shin 2010 

80 Pheopolykrikos Chatton 1933 

486 

Pheopolykrikos beauchampii Chatton 1933 (=Polykrikos beauchampii (Chatton) A.R. Loebl. 1980, P. beauchampii 

(Chatton) J.D. Dodge 1982) 

81 Polykrikos Buetschli 1873 -type P. schwartzii (6 species) 

487 Polykrikos grassei Lec.-Schlaud. 1972 

488 

Polykrikos hartmannii W. Zimm. 1930 (=Pheopolykrikos hartmannii (W. Zimm. 1930) Matsuoka & Fukuyo 1986, P. 

barnegatensis G.W. Martin 1929) 

489 Polykrikos herdmaniae Hoppenrath & B.S. Leander 2007 

490 Polykrikos kofoidii Chatton 1914 

491 Polykrikos lebouriae Herdman 1924 (=P. schwarzii Herdman 1922) 

492 Polykrikos schwartzii Buetschli 1873 (=P. auricularia Bergh 1881) 

82 Spiniferodinium T. Horig. & Chihara 1987 

493 Spiniferodinium galeiforme T. Horig. & Chihara 1987 

494 Spiniferodinium palauense T. Horig., Y. Hayashi, H. Kudo & Y. Hara 2011

88 GÓMEZ 


Warnowiaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 

83 Erythropsidinium P.C. Silva 1960 (=Erythropsis Hertwig 1884) -type E. agile 

495 

Erythropsidinium agile (Hertwig 1884) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. agilis Hertwig, E. pavillardii (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. 

Silva 1960, E. agilis Pavill. 1905, E. hispidum (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960, E. cornutum (F. Schütt 1895) 

P.C. Silva 1960, E. labrum (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960, E. scarlatinum (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 

1960, E. richardii (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960) 

496 Erythropsidinium cochlea (F. Schütt 1895) P.C. Silva 1960 (=Pouchetia cochlea F. Schütt) 

497 Erythropsidinium extrudens (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. extrudens Kof. & Swezy) 

498 Erythropsidinium minus (Kof. & Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. minor Kof. & Swezy) 

84 Greuetodinium A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Leucopsis Greuet 1968) 

499 Greuetodinium cylindricum (Greuet 1968) A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Leucopsis cylindrica Greuet) 

85 Nematodinium Kof. & Swezy 1921 -type N. partitum 

500 

Nematodinium armatum (Dogiel 1906) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=N. lebouriae J. Schiller 1933, P. armata Dogiel, P. 

maculata Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

501 Nematodinium atromaculatum Kof. 1931 (non Cochlodinium atromaculatum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

502 Nematodinium partitum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

503 Nematodinium torpedo Kof. & Swezy 1921 

86 Nematopsides Greuet 1973 

504 Nematopsides tentaculoides Greuet 1973 

505 Nematopsides vigilans (S.M. Marshall 1925) Greuet 1973 (=Proterythropsis vigilans S.M. Marshall) 

87 Proterythropsis Kof. & Swezy 1921 

506 Proterythropsis crassicaudata Kof. & Swezy 1921 

88 Warnowia Er. Lindem. 1928 (=Protopsis Kof. & Swezy 1921) -type W. fusus (30 species) 

507 Warnowia alba (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=Pouchetia alba Kof. & Swezy) 

508 Warnowia atra (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. atra Kof. & Swezy) 

509 Warnowia compacta (F. Schütt 1895) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. compacta F. Schütt, P. contorta F. Schütt 1895) 

510 Warnowia dohrnii W. Zimm. 1930 

511 Warnowia fusus (F. Schütt 1895) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. fusus F. Schütt) 

512 Warnowia hataii (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. hataii Kof. 1931) 

513 Warnowia juno (F. Schütt 1895) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. juno F. Schütt, P. nigra Pavill. 1905 partim) 

514 

Warnowia maculata (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. maculata Kof. & Swezy, non Gyr. maculatum Kof. 

& Swezy 1921) 

515 Warnowia maxima (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. maxima Kof. & Swezy) 

516 Warnowia mutsui (Kof. 1931) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. mutsui Kof.) 

517 Warnowia panamensis (Kof. 1907) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. panamensis Kof.) 

518 Warnowia parva (Lohmann 1908) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. parva Lohmann) 

519 

Warnowia polyphemus (C.H.G. Pouchet 1895) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. polyphemus (C.H.G. Pouchet) Kof. & Swezy 

1921, Gymnodinium polyphemus C.H.G. Pouchet, Warnowia pulchra J. Schiller sensu Greuet 1968) 

520 Warnowia pouchetii J. Schiller 1933 (=P. pouchetii Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

521 

Warnowia pulchra (J. Schiller 1928) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. pulchra J. Schiller, non W. pulchra J. Schiller sensu 

Greuet 1968) 

522 Warnowia purpurata (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. perforata Kof. & Swezy) 

523 Warnowia purpurescens (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. purpurescens Kof. & Swezy) 

524 Warnowia reticulata (Kof. 1931) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. reticulata Kof.) 

525 

Warnowia rosea (C.H.G. Pouchet 1879) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. polyphemus var. roseum C.H.G. Pouchet, non 

P. rosea F. Schütt 1895) 

526 Warnowia rubescens (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. rubescens Kof. & Swezy) 

527 Warnowia schuettii (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. rosea F. Schütt 1895) 

528 Warnowia striata (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. striata Kof. & Swezy)


89 


529 Warnowia subnigra (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. subnigra Kof. & Swezy) 

530 

Warnowia violescens (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928 (=P. violescens Kof. & Swezy, non Gym. violescens 


531 Warnowia voracis (Kof. & Swezy 1921) J. Schiller 1933 (=P. voracis Kof. & Swezy) 

532 Protopsis elongata J. Schiller 1928 

533 Protospis neapolitana Kof. & Swezy 1921 

534 

Protospis nigra (C.H.G. Pouchet 1887) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=G. polyphemus var. nigrum C.H.G. Pouchet, P. nigra 

Lemmerm. 1899) 

535 Protospis ochrea (R.R. Wright 1907) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Pouchetia ochrea R.R. Wright) 

536 Protospis simplex M. Lebour 1925 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Gyrodinium dorsum 

89 Genus of Gyrodinium dorsum 

537 Gyrodinium dorsum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

538 Gyrodinium instriatum Freud. & J.J Lee 1963 (=Gymnodinium instriatum (Freud. & J.J Lee) D.W. Coats 2002) 

539 Gyrodinium uncatenatum Hulburt 1957 (=Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt 1957) Hallegr. 2002) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Togula 

90 Togula Flø Jørg., Sh. Murray & Daugbjerg 2004 -type T. britannica 

540 

541 

Togula britannica (Herdman 1924) Flø Jørg., Sh. Murray & Daugbjerg 2004 (=Amphidinium britannicum (Herdman) 

M. Lebour 1925) 

Togula compacta (Herdman 1922) Flø Jørg., Sh. Murray & Daugbjerg 2004 (=Amphidinium asymmetricum var. 

compactum Herdman) 

542 Togula jolla Flø Jørg., Sh. Murray & Daugbjerg 2004 

543 Amphidinium corpulentum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=?Chilodinium cruciatum Massart 1920) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Apicoporus 

91 

544 

Apicoporus S.F. Sparmann, B.S. Leander & Hoppenrath 2008 (=Amphidinium Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) -type A. 

glaber 

Apicoporus glaber (Hoppenrath & Okolodkov 2000) S.F. Sparmann, B.S. Leander & Hoppenrath 2008 (=A. 

glabrum Hopperanth & Okolodkov) 

545 Apicoporus parvidiaboli S.F. Sparmann, B.S. Leander & Hoppenrath 2008 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Amphidinium 

92 Amphidinium Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859 -type A. operculatum (103 species) 

546 Amphidinium achromaticum Skvortzov 1958 

547 Amphidinium aculeatum Daday 1888 (non Amphidinium aculeatum Schröd. 1911) 

548 Amphidinium aculeatum Schröd. 1911 (non Amphidinium aculeatum Daday 1888) 

549 Amphidinium acutum J. Schiller 1928 (=A. acutissimum J. Schiller 1933) 

550 Amphidinium aeschrum T.M. Harris 1940 

551 Amphidinium alinii Skvortzov 1958 

552 Amphidinium aloxalocium R.E. Norris 1961 

553 

Amphidinium amphidinioides (Geitler 1924) J. Schiller 1933 (=Gymnodinium amphidinioides Geitler 1924, A. 

geitleri Hub.-Pest. 1950) 

554 Amphidinium asymmetricum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

555 Amphidinium aureum Böhm 1976 

556 Amphidinium belauense A.T. Banaszak, R. Iglesias-Prieto & R.K. Trench 1993 

557 Amphidinium bidentatum J. Schiller 1955 

558 Amphidinium bipes Herdman 1924 

559 Amphidinium boggayum Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2002 

560 Amphidinium bourrellyi Wawrik 1983 

561 Amphidinium caerulescens J. Schiller 1955 

562 Amphidinium carbunculus W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954

90 GÓMEZ 


563 Amphidinium carterae Hulburt 1957 (=A. microcephalum R.E. Norris 1961) 

564 Amphidinium celestinum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

565 Amphidinium conradii (W. Conrad 1926) J. Schiller 1933 (=Gymnodinium glaucum W. Conrad) 

566 Amphidinium conus J. Schiller 1928 

567 Amphidinium coprosum Baumeister 1943 

568 Amphidinium corallinum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

569 Amphidinium corrugatum J. Larsen & D.J. Patterson 1990 

570 Amphidinium crassum Lohmann 1908 (=A. phaeocysticola M. Lebour 1925) 

571 

Amphidinium cristatum D. Ballant. 1964 (=A. rostratum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954, non A. rostratum Proshk.-Lavr. 

1945) 

572 Amphidinium cucurbita Kof. & Swezy 1921 

573 Amphidinium cucurbitella Kof. & Swezy 1921 

574 Amphidinium cupulatisquama M. Tamura & T. Horig. 2009 

575 Amphidinium curvatum J. Schiller 1928 

576 Amphidinium cyaneoturbo W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

577 Amphidinium discoidale (Diesing 1866) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum var. discoidalis Diesing) 

578 Amphidinium dubium W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

579 Amphidinium eilatiensis J.J. Lee, R. Olea, M. Cevasco, X. Pochon, M. Correia, M. Shpigel & J. Pawlowski 2003 

580 Amphidinium emarginatum (Diesing 1886) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum var. marginata Diesing 1886) 

581 Amphidinium extensum A. Wulff 1916 

582 Amphidinium fastigium Kof. & Swezy 1921 

583 Amphidinium filum Böhm 1976 

584 Amphidinium flagellans J. Schiller 1928 

585 Amphidinium flexum Herdman 1923 

586 Amphidinium galbanum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

587 Amphidinium gibbosum (L. Maranda & Y. Shimizu 1996) Flø Jørg. & Sh. Murray 2004 

588 Amphidinium glaucovirescens J. Schiller 1955 

589 Amphidinium glaucum W. Conrad 1926 

590 Amphidinium globosum Schröd. 1911 

591 Amphidinium hadai Balech 1976 

592 Amphidinium herdmanii Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum W.A. Herdman 1911) 

593 

Amphidinium incoloratum P.H. Campb. 1973 (=A. boekhoutnensis Caljon 1983, ?A. klebsii Kof. & Swezy 1921=A. 

opeculatum G.A. Klebs 1884) 

594 Amphidinium inflatum Kof. 1931 

595 Amphidinium kesslitzii J. Schiller 1928 (=?Gymnodinium nanum J. Schiller 1933) 

596 Amphidinium lacunarum Skuja 1964 

597 Amphidinium lanceolatum Schröd. 1911 

598 Amphidinium lefevrei Skvortzov 1968 

599 Amphidinium lilloense W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

600 Amphidinium lissae J. Schiller 1925 

601 Amphidinium luteum Skuja 1939 

602 Amphidinium machapungarum P.H. Campb. 1973 

603 Amphidinium macrocephalum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

604 Amphidinium mammillatum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 (=A. pseudogalbanum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954) 

605 Amphidinium mananninii Herdman 1924 

606 Amphidinium massartii Biecheler 1952 (=A. höefleri J. Schiller & Diskus 1955) 

607 Amphidinium mootonorum Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2002 

608 Amphidinium mucicola W. Conrad 1941


91 


609 Amphidinium nasutum Skvortzov 1958 

610 Amphidinium obliquum J. Schiller 1955 

611 Amphidinium obrae Er. Lindem. 1919 

612 Amphidinium oceanicum Lohmann 1920 

613 Amphidinium oculatum J. Schiller 1955 

614 

Amphidinium operculatum Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859 (=A. klebsii Kof. & Swezy 1921, A. rhynchocephala Anisimova 

1926, A. elegans Grell & Wohlfarth-Bottermann 1957) 

615 Amphidinium ornithocephalum W. Conrad 1939 

616 Amphidinium ovoideum (Lemmerm. 1896) Lemmerm. 1900 (=Prorocentrum ovoideum Lemmerm.) 

617 Amphidinium ovum Herdman 1924 

618 Amphidinium pacificum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

619 Amphidinium pelagicum M. Lebour 1925 

620 Amphidinium phthartum Skuja 1939 

621 Amphidinium psammophila W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

622 Amphidinium psittacus J. Larsen 1985 

623 Amphidinium purpureum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

624 Amphidinium pusillum J. Schiller 1955 

625 Amphidinium radiatum Javorn. 1957 

626 Amphidinium rhynchocephalum Anisimova 1926 

627 

Amphidinium roseolum (Schmarda 1854) J. Schiller 1933 (=Gym. roseolum (Schmarda) F. Stein 1878, Glen. 

roseolum Schmarda, =?Opisthoaulax) 

628 Amphidinium ruttneri J. Schiller 1955 

629 Amphidinium schilleri Skvortzov 1968 

630 Amphidinium scissum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=A. scissoides M. Lebour 1925) 

631 

Amphidinium semilunatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Amphidinium semilunatum Herdman 1924, Thecadinium 

inclinatum Balech 1956) 

632 Amphidinium sphagnicola W. Conrad 1943 

633 Amphidinium sphenoides A. Wulff 1916 (=?Gymnodinium filum M. Lebour 1917) 

634 Amphidinium steinii Lemmem. 1910 (=A. wislouchii Hulburt 1957, A. rostatrum Proshk.-Lavr. 1945) 

635 Amphidinium stellatum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

636 Amphidinium stigmatum J. Schiller 1928 

637 Amphidinium sulcatum Kof. 1907 

638 Amphidinium testudo Herdman 1924 

639 Amphidinium tortum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

640 Amphidinium trochodinoides W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

641 Amphidinium trulla Sh. Murray, L. Rhodes & Flø Jørg. 2004 

642 Amphidinium turbo Kof. & Swezy 1921 

643 Amphidinium vasculum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

644 Amphidinium vernale Skvortzov 1946 

645 Amphidinium vigrense Wolosz. 1925 

646 Amphidinium vitreum Herdman 1924 

647 Amphidinium vittatum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

648 Amphidinium yoorugurrum Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2002 

93 Schillingia J. Schiller 1933 

649 Schillingia coerulea (W. Conrad 1939) J. Schiller 1933 (=Amphidinium coeruleum W. Conrad) 

94 Trochodinium W. Conrad 1926 

650 Trochodinium prismaticum W. Conrad 1926 (=Amphidinium prismaticum (W. Conrad) J. Schiller 1933) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Cochlodinium

92 GÓMEZ 


95 Cochlodinium F. Schütt 1896 sensu stricto (heterotrophic species) -type C. strangulatum (21 species) 

651 Cochlodinium achromaticum M. Lebour 1925 

652 Cochlodinium archimedes (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium archimedes C.H.G. Pouchet) 

653 Cochlodinium atromaculatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Nematodinium atromaculatum Kof. 1931) 

654 Cochlodinium brandtii A. Wulff 1916 (=C. angustum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

655 Cochlodinium cavatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

656 Cochlodinium cereum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

657 Cochlodinium citron Kof. & Swezy 1921 

658 Cochlodinium clarissimum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

659 Cochlodinium cnidophorum Biecheler 1939 

660 Cochlodinium conspiratum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

661 Cochlodinium constrictum (F. Schütt 1895) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium constrictum F. Schütt) 

662 Cochlodinium elongatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

663 Cochlodinium faurei Kof. & Swezy 1921 

664 Cochlodinium miniatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

665 Cochlodinium pellucidum Lohmann 1908 

666 Cochlodinium pirum (F. Schütt 1895) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium pirum F. Schütt) 

667 Cochlodinium pulchellum M. Lebour 1917 

668 Cochlodinium pupa M. Lebour 1925 

669 Cochlodinium semistriatum Elbr. 1979 

670 Cochlodinium strangulatum (F. Schütt 1895) F. Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium strangulatum F. Schütt) 

671 Cochlodinium volutum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

96 Cochlodinium (chloroplast-containing species) (15 species) 

672 Cochlodinium catenatum Okamura 1916 

673 Cochlodinium flavum Kof. 1931 (non Gymnodinium flavum Kof. & Swezy 1921, non Gyrodinium flavum Kof. 1931) 

674 Cochlodinium fulvescens M. Iwataki, H. Kawami & Matsuoka 2007 

675 Cochlodinium geminatum (F. Schütt 1895) F. Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium geminatum F. Schütt) 

676 Cochlodinium helicoides M. Lebour 1925 (=C. helix F. Schütt 1895 partim, Cochlodinium helix Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

677 

Cochlodinium helix (C.H.G. Pouchet 1887) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium helix C.H.G. Pouchet, Gymnodinium 

helix F. Schütt 1895) 

678 Cochlodinium lebouriae Kof. & Swezy 1921 

679 Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef 1961 (=C. heterolobatum E.S. Silva 1967) 

680 Cochlodinium radiatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

681 Cochlodinium rosaceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

682 

Cochlodinium schuettii Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium helix F. Schütt 1895 partim, non G. helix C.H.G. 

Pouchet 1887) 

683 Cochlodinium scintillans Kof. & Swezy 1921 

684 Cochlodinium turbineum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

685 Cochlodinium vinctum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

686 Cochlodinium virescens Kof. & Swezy 1921 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Gyrodinium sensu stricto 

97 Ceratodinium W. Conrad 1926 

687 Ceratodinium asymmetricum W. Conrad 1926 (=Gymnodinium massartii (W. Conrad) J. Schiller 1932) 

98 Gyrodinium Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium F. Schütt 1896) -type G. spirale (153 species) 

688 Cochlodinium distortum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

689 Gymnodinium achromaticum M. Lebour 1917 

690 Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa 1963 

691 Gymnodinium allophron J. Larsen 1994


93 


692 Gymnodinium amphora Kof. & Swezy 1921 

693 Gymnodinium arcuatum Kof. 1931 

694 Gymnodinium atomatum J. Larsen 1994 

695 Gymnodinium attenuatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

696 Gymnodinium auratum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

697 Gymnodinium aureum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

698 

Gymnodinium austriacum J. Schiller 1933 (=G. tridentatum J. Schiller 1933, G. cruciatum R.H. Thomps. 1951, G. 

thompsonii (R.H. Thomps.) Kisselev 1954, G. waltzii Baumeister 1957, G. titubans Christen 1958, G. autumnale 

Christen 1959) 

699 Gymnodinium bifurcatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

700 Gymnodinium canus Kof. & Swezy 1921 

701 Gymnodinium caput J. Schiller 1928 

702 Gymnodinium contractum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

703 Gymnodinium costatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

704 Gymnodinium cucumis F. Schütt 1895 

705 Gymnodinium dentatum J. Larsen 1994 

706 Gymnodinium devorans J. Schiller 1955 

707 Gymnodinium diploconus F. Schütt 1895 (non Gymnodinium diplococcus Cleve-Euler 1918, nom. nud.) 

708 Gymnodinium dogielii Kof. & Swezy 1921 

709 Gymnodinium doma Kof. & Swezy 1921 

710 

Gymnodinium elongatum B. Hope 1954 (=?Lessardia elongata J.F. Saldarriaga & F.J.R. Taylor 2003, non Gyr. 

elongatum J. Schiller 1955) 

711 Gymnodinium galeiforme Okolodkov 1997 

712 Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. nobilis C.H.G. Pouchet 1883, Gymnodinium roseum 

Lohmann 1908, Gymnodinium abbreviatum Kof. & Swezy 1921, Gymnodinium lohmannii Paulsen 1908) 

713 Gymnodinium guttiforme J. Larsen 1994 

714 Gymnodinium guttula Balech 1976 

715 

716 

Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=G. lucidum D. Ballant. 1964, ?G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925, 

non G. striatissimum Hulburt 1957) 

Gymnodinium hyalinum M. Lebour 1925 (=?Gym. heterostriatum Kof. & Swezy 1921, non G. hyalinum A.J. Schill. 

1891, non G. hyalinum Vozzhenn. 1967) 

717 Gymnodinium incisum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

718 Gymnodinium incoloratum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

719 Gymnodinium indicum R. Shyam & Y.S.R.K. Sarma 1976 

720 Gymnodinium katodiniforme Elbr. 1979 

721 Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt 1957 

722 Gymnodinium lineatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

723 Gymnodinium lineopunicum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

724 Gymnodinium lira Kof. & Swezy 1921 

725 Gymnodinium lohmannii Paulsen 1908 

726 Gymnodinium marinum Kent 1881 

727 Gymnodinium minor M. Lebour 1917 

728 Gymnodinium minutulum J. Larsen 1994 

729 Gymnodinium mirabile Penard 1891 

730 Gymnodinium multilineatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

731 Gymnodinium multistriatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

732 Gymnodinium najadeum J. Schiller 1928 

733 Gymnodinium neapolitanum J. Schiller 1928 

734 Gymnodinium nucaceum Okolodkov 1997

94 GÓMEZ 


735 Gymnodinium obesum J. Schiller 

736 Gymnodinium parvum J. Larsen 1994 

737 Gymnodinium polycomma J. Larsen 1994 

738 Gymnodinium prolatum J. Larsen 1994 

739 Gymnodinium puniceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

740 Gymnodinium radiatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

741 Gymnodinium rhomboides F. Schütt 1895 

742 Gymnodinium rubricauda Kof. & Swezy 1921 

743 Gymnodinium rubrocinctum M. Lebour 1925 

744 Gymnodinium scopulosum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

745 Gymnodinium situla Kof. & Swezy 1921 

746 Gymnodinium sphaericum (Calk. 1902) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium gracile var. sphaerica Calk.) 

747 Gymnodinium stellatum Hulbult 1957 

748 Gymnodinium sulcatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

749 Gymnodinium translucens Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium translucens P.H. Campb. 1973) 

750 Gymnodinium translucens P.H. Campb. 1973 (non Gymnodinium translucens Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

751 Gymnodinium variabile Herdman 1924 

752 Gymnodinium vestificii F. Schütt 1885 (=?Katodinium glaucum (M. Lebour 1917) A.R. Loebl. 1965) 

Gymnodinium vorax Massart 1901 (nom. nud.) (non Gyrodinium vorax Biecheler 1952) 

753 Gymnodinium voukii J. Schiller 1928 

754 Gymnodinium wilczekii C.H.G. Pouchet 1894 

755 Gymnodinium wulffii J. Schiller 1933 (non Gyrodinium wulffii J. Schiller 1933) 

756 Gyrodinium acutum (F. Schütt) Kof. & Swezy 1921 

757 Gyrodinium adriaticum J. Schiller 1928 (=Cochlodinium adriaticum J. Schiller 1933) 

758 Gyrodinium antarcticum Hasle 1960 

759 Gyrodinium apidiomorphum R.E. Norris 1961 

760 Gyrodinium apuntatum W. Busch 1927 

761 Gyrodinium arcticum Bursa 1961 

762 Gyrodinium atractos J. Larsen 1996 

763 Gyrodinium biconicum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium biconicum J. Schiller 1928) 

764 Gyrodinium bistellatum W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

765 Gyrodinium californicum Bursa 1962 

766 Gyrodinium capsulatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

767 Gyrodinium carteretense P.H. Campb. 1973 

768 Gyrodinium chiasmonetrium R.E. Norris 1961 

769 Gyrodinium citrinum Kof. 1931 

770 Gyrodinium cochlea M. Lebour 1925 

771 Gyrodinium complanatum P.H. Campb. 1973 

772 Gyrodinium concentricum (M. Lebour 1917) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium concentricum M. Lebour) 

773 Gyrodinium conicum J. Schiller 1928 

774 

Gyrodinium contortum (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. contortum F. Schütt, Gymnodinium opimum F. 

Schütt 1895 partim) 

775 Gyrodinium corallinum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

776 

Gyrodinium cornutum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1885) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. spirale var. cornutum C.H.G. Pouchet, 

non G. cornutum F. Schütt 1895) 

777 Gyrodinium crassum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1885) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium crassum C.H.G. Pouchet) 

778 Gyrodinium culeus Kof. & Swezy 1921 

779 Gyrodinium cuneatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=?Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881)


95 


780 Gyrodinium dominans Hulburt 1957 

781 

Gyrodinium fissum (Levander 1894) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gyr. fissoides Elbr. 1979, non Gym. fissum Levander 

1894, ?Gyr. pavillardii Biecheler 1952) 

782 Gyrodinium flavescens Kof. & Swezy 1921 

783 Gyrodinium flavidum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

784 Gyrodinium flavum Kof. 1931 (non Gymnodinium flavum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

785 Gyrodinium foliaceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium viride F. Schütt 1895, non G. viride Penard 1891) 

786 Gyrodinium formosum P.H. Campb. 1973 

787 Gyrodinium fulvum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

788 Gyrodinium fusiforme Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gyrodinium fusus (Meunier 1910) Akselman 1985) 

789 Gyrodinium glaciale Y. Hada 1970 ex Balech 1976 

790 Gyrodinium grave (Meunier 1910) Kof. & Swezy 1921 

791 Gyrodinium grenlandicum Braarud 1935 

792 Gyrodinium grossestriatum P.H. Campb. 1973 

793 Gyrodinium gutrula J. Larsen 1996 (non Gymnodinium guttula Balech 1976) 

794 Gyrodinium helveticum (Penard 1891) Y. Takano & T. Horig. 2004 (=Gymnodinium helveticum Penard) 

795 Gyrodinium herbaceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

796 Gyrodinium heterogrammum J. Larsen 1996 

797 

Gyrodinium hyalinum (A.J. Schill. 1891) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gym. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925, non Gym. 

hyalinum Vozzhenn. 1967) 

798 Gyrodinium intortum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

799 Gyrodinium katodiniascens P.H. Campb. 1973 

800 Gyrodinium kofoidii R.E. Norris 1961 

801 Gyrodinium lachryma (Meunier 1910) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium lachryma Meunier) 

802 Gyrodinium lebouriae Herdman 1924 

803 Gyrodinium leptogrammum J. Larsen 1996 

804 Gyrodinium lingulifera M. Lebour 1925 

805 

Gyrodinium longum (Lohmann 1908) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Cochlodinium longum Lohmann, non Amphidinium 

longum Lohmann 1908) 

806 Gyrodinium louisae W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954 

807 Gyrodinium maculatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Warnowia maculata (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Er. Lindem. 1928) 

808 Gyrodinium melo Kof. & Swezy 1921 

809 Gyrodinium metum Hulburt 1957 

810 Gyrodinium mundulum P.H. Campb. 1973 

811 Gyrodinium nasutum (A. Wulff 1916) J. Schiller 1933 

812 

Gyrodinium obtusum (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. spirale Bergh var. obtusa F. Schütt, non G. 

spirale var. obtusum Dogiel 1906) 

813 Gyrodinium oceaniae Okolodkov 1997 (non Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle 1960) 

814 Gyrodinium ochraceum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

815 

Gyrodinium opimum (F. Schütt 1895) M. Lebour 1925 (=Gym. opimum F. Schütt, Gyr. contortum (F. Schütt) Kof. 

& Swezy 1921 partim) 

816 Gyrodinium ovatum (Gourret 1883) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium ovatum Gourret) 

817 Gyrodinium ovoideum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov 1997) 

818 Gyrodinium ovum (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium ovum F. Schütt) 

819 Gyrodinium parvulum (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium parvulum F. Schütt) 

820 Gyrodinium pavillardii Biecheler 1934 (=?Gymnodinium fissum Levander 1894) 

821 

Gyrodinium pellucidum (A. Wulff 1916) J. Schiller 1933 (non Gymnodinium pellucidum (Herdman) Flø Jørg. & Sh. 

Murray 

822 Gyrodinium pepo (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. pepo F. Schütt)

96 GÓMEZ 


823 Gyrodinium phorkorium R.E. Norris 1961 

824 

Gyrodinium pingue (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium varians A. Wulff 1916, ?Gyr. submarinum 


825 Gyrodinium postmaculatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

826 Gyrodinium prunus (A. Wulff 1920) M. Lebour 1925 (=Spirodinium prunus A. Wulff) 

827 Gyrodinium rubricaudatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

828 Gyrodinium rubrum (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Y. Takano & T. Horig. 2004 (=Gymnodinium rubrum Kof. & Swezy) 

829 

830 

Gyrodinium schuettii (Lemmerm. 1899) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium schuettii Lemmerm., Gym. cornutum F. 

Schütt 1895) 

Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh 1881) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gyr. britannicum Kof. & Swezy 1921, Gyr. cornutum (C.H.G. 

Pouchet 1885) Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

831 Gyrodinium spumantia Kof. & Swezy 1921 

832 Gyrodinium steinii Skvortzov 1968 

833 

Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=G. striatissimum Hulburt, non G. 

heterostriatum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

834 Gyrodinium truncatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

835 Gyrodinium truncus Kof. & Swezy 1921 

836 Gyrodinium undulans Hulburt 1957 (=?Syltodinium listii Drebes 1989) 

837 Gyrodinium varians (A. Wulff 1916) J. Schiller 1933 (non Gymnodinium varians Maskel 1887) 

838 Gyrodinium vesiculosum J. Larsen 1996 

839 Gyrodinium virgatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 

840 Gyrodinium wulffii J. Schiller 1933 (non Gymnodinium wulffii J. Schiller 1933) 

99 Plectodinium Biecheler 1934 

841 

Plectodinium nucleovolvatum Biecheler 1934 (=Gyrodinium rhabdomante Balech 1973, ?Plectodinium miniatum 

(Kof. & Swezy 1921) F.J.R. Taylor 1980, Cochlodinium miniatum Kof. & Swezy) 

100 Sclerodinium J.D. Dodge 1981 

842 Sclerodinium calyptoglyphe (M. Lebour 1925) J.D. Dodge 1981 (=Gyrodinium calyptroglyphe M. Lebour) 

843 Sclerodinium striatum J.D. Dodge 1981 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Amphidinium longum 

101 Genus of Amphidinium longum 

844 

Amphidinium longum Lohmann 1908 (=A. acutum Lohmann 1920, non Cochlodinium longum Lohmann 1908, non 

A. acutum J. Schiller 1928) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Amphidinium semilunatum 

102 Genus of Amphidinium semilunatum 

845 

Amphidinium semilunatum Herdman 1924 (=Thecadinium semilunatum (Herdman) J.D. Dodge 1982, non 

Amphidinium semilunatum Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Balechina 

103 Balechina Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1968 -type B. pachydermata 

846 Balechina coerulea (Dogiel 1906) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Gymnodinium coeruleum Dogiel) 

847 Balechina marianiae F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (´marianae´ non. corr. ICBN: Art. 60.11, Recom. 60C.1, Art. 32.7) 

848 

Balechina pachydermata (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1968 (=Gymnodinium pachydermatum Kof. & 

Swezy) 

Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Family of Moestrupia 

104 Moestrupia Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2011 

849 

Moestrupia oblonga (J. Larsen & D.J. Patterson 1990) Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2011 (=Gyrodinium oblongum J. 

Larsen & D.J. Patterson) 

Order Ptychodiscales Fensome & al. 1993 

Ptychodiscaceae Lemmerm. 1899 

105 Ptychodiscus F. Stein 1883


97 


850 

Ptychodiscus noctiluca F. Stein 1883 (=P. inflatus Pavill. 1916, P. carinatus Kof. 1907, Diplocystis antarctica Cleve 

1900) 

Order Thoracosphaerales Tangen 1982 

Calciodinellaceae / Calciodinelloideae Deflandre 1947 

851 Peridinium dzieduszyckii Wolosz. 1925 (=Peridinium lubieniense f. dzieduszyckii (Wolosz.) M. Lefèvre 1932) 

852 Peridinium lubieniense Wolosz. 1916 (=Parvodinium lubieniense (Wolosz. 1916) Carty 2008) 

853 

854 

Peridinium lubieniensiforme (Diwald 1938) Hub.-Pest. 1950 (=Glen. lubieniensiforme Diwald, Peridiniopsis 

lubieniensiforme (Diwald) Bourr. 1968) 

Peridinium polonicum Wolosz. 1916 (=Peridiniopsis polonicum (Wolosz. 1916) Bourr. 1968, P. trilineatum Er. 

Lindem. 1919, Peridiniopsis gymnodinium (Penard 1891) Bourr. 1968, Glenodinium gymnodinium Penard 1891) 

106 Calciodinellum Deflandre 1947 -type C. operosum 

855 Calciodinellum albatrosianum (Kamptner 1963) D. Janofske & Karwath 2000 

856 

Calciodinellum elongatum (Hildebrand-Habel, H. Willems & Versteegh 1999) K.J.S. Meier, D. Janofske & H. 

Willems 2002 

857 Calciodinellum levantinum K.J.S. Meier, D. Janofske & H. Willems 2002 

858 Calciodinellum operosum Deflandre 1947 

107 Calcigonellum Deflandre 1949 

859 Calcigonellum infula Deflandre 1949 

108 Duboscquodinium Grassé 1952 -type D. collinii 

860 Duboscquodinium collinii Grassé 1952 

861 Duboscquodinium kofoidii Grassé 1952 

109 Scrippsiella Balech 1959 ex A.R. Loebl. 1965 -type S. sweeneyae (21 species) 

862 Scrippsiella crystallina J.M. Lewis 1991 

863 Scrippsiella donghaiensis H. Gu 2008 

864 

865 

Scrippsiella faeroensis (Paulsen 1905) Balech & L.O. Soares 1967 (=Calciodinellum faeroense (Paulsen 1905) 

Havskum 1991) 

Scrippsiella hexapraecingula T. Horig. & Chihara 1983 (=S. gregaria (E.H. Lombard & B. Capon 1971) A.R. Loebl., 

J.L. Sherley & R.J. Schmidt 1979, non Peridinium gregarium Lombard & Capon) 

866 Scrippsiella infula (Deflandre 1948) Montresor 2003 (=Calcionellum infula Deflandre) 

867 Scrippsiella irregularis Attaran-Fariman & Bolch 2007 

868 Scrippsiella lachrymosa J.M. Lewis 1991 

869 Scrippsiella minima X. Gao & J.D. Dodge 1991 

870 Scrippsiella operosa (Deflandre 1947) Montresor 2003 (=Calciodinellum operosum Deflandre) 

871 Scrippsiella patagonica Akselman & Keupp 1990 

872 Scrippsiella precaria Montresor & Zingone 1988 

873 Scrippsiella ramonii Montresor 1995 

874 Scrippsiella regalis (Gaarder 1954) D. Janofske 2000 (=Discosphaera regalis Gaarder) 

875 Scrippsiella rotunda J.M. Lewis 1991 

876 Scrippsiella saladensis Balech 1963 

877 Scrippsiella spinifera G. Honsell & M. Cabrini 1991 

878 Scrippsiella sweeneyae Balech 1959 ex A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=S. sweeneyae D. Wall & B. Dale 1968) 

879 Scrippsiella tinctoria Indel. & A.R. Loebl. 1985 

880 Scrippsiella trifida J.M. Lewis 1991 

881 Scrippsiella triquetracapitata K.J.S. Meier, D. Janofske & H. Willems 2002 

882 

Scrippsiella trochoidea (F. Stein 1883) Balech ex A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Glen. trochoideum F. Stein 1883, Glen. 

acuminatum Jørg. 1899, Peridinium trochoideum (F. Stein 1883) Lemmerm. 1910, Peridinium faeroense Paulsen 

1905, Scrippsiella faeroensis (Paulsen 1905) Balech & L.O. Soares 1967, Scrippsiella trochoidea var. aciculifera 

Montresor 1999) 

110 Pernambugia D. Janofske & Karwath 2000 

883 

Pernambugia tuberosa (Kamptner 1963) D. Janofske & Karwath 2000 (=Sphaerodinella tuberosa (Kamptner) 

Keupp & Versteegh 1989, Thoracosphaera tuberosa Kamptner) 

111 Tintinnophagus D.W. Coats 2010

98 GÓMEZ 


884 Tintinnophagus acutus D.W. Coats 2010 

Oodiniaceae Chatton 1920 (=Thoracosphaeraceae J. Schiller 1930, Protoodinidae/Protoodiniaceae Cachon 1964, 

Hemidiniaceae Bourr. 1970, Cachonellaceae P.C. Silva 1980, Stylodiniaceae Pascher ex Sournia 1984, 

Pfiesteriaceae Steidinger & al. 1996) 

885 

886 

887 

Glenodinium inaequale Chodat 1921 (=Peridiniopsis inaequale (Chodat) J. Stein & Borden 1980, non Glen. 

inaequale Schmarda 1854, Glenoaulax inaequalis (Schmarda) Diesing 1866, non P. umbolatum var. inaequale 

Lemmerm. 1910, non P. inaequale Fauré-Frem. 1908, non P. inaequale N. Peters 1928) 

Peridinium aciculiferum Lemmerm. 1900 (=Glen. aciculiferum (Lemmerm.) Er. Lindem. 1928, Glen. quadridens 

(F. Stein 1883) J. Schiller 1935, P. quadridens F. Stein 1883, Peridiniopsis quadridens (F. Stein) Bourr. 1968, P. 

stagnale Meunier 1919) 

Peridinium centenniale (Playfair 1919) M. Lefèvre 1932 (=P. umbonatum var. centenniale Playfair 1919, 

Parvodinium centenniale (Playfair) Carty 2008) 

888 Peridinium godlewskii Wolosz. 1916 

889 Peridinium gutwinskii Wolosz. 1912 

890 

Scrippsiella hangoei (J. Schiller 1935) J. Larsen 1995 (=Peridinium gracile Er. Lindem. 1924, ?P. novascotiense 

Gran & Braarud 1935, ?Peridinium aciculiferum Lemmerm. 1900) 

112 Amyloodinium E. Brown & Hovasse 1946 (=Bargoniella Loeb. & Tappan 1961) -type A. ocellatum 

891 

892 

Amyloodinium ocellatum (E. Brown 1931) E. Brown & Hovasse 1946 (=Oodinium ocellatum E. Brown, 

Branchiophilus marinus Schäperclaus 1935) 

Amylodinium amylaceum (Bargoni 1894) E. Brown & Hovasse 1946 (=B. amylacea (Bargoni) Loebl. & Tappan 

1961, Salpicola amylacea Bargoni) 

113 Cachonella Rose & Cachon 1952 (=Diplomorpha Rose & Cachon 1951) 

893 

Cachonella paradoxa (Rose & Cachon 1951) Rose & Cachon 1952 (=Diplomorpha paradoxa Rose & Cachon 

1951) 

114 Chalubinskia Wolosz. 1916 (=?Chimonodinium Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup) 

894 Chalubinskia tatrica Wolosz. 1916 (=Peridinium tatrae J. Schiller 1937) 

115 Chimonodinium Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2011 (=?Chalubinskia Wolosz. 1916) 

895 

Chimonodinium lomnickii (Wolosz. 1916) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2011 (=Peridinium 

lomnickii Wolosz. 1916, Glenodinium lomnickii (Wolosz.) Er. Lindem. 1925, P. lomnickii var. punctulatum Er. Lindem. 

1924, Glen. lomnickii var. splendidum (Wolosz.) Er. Lindem, Chim. lomnickii var. splendidum (Wolosz.) Craveiro, 

Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup, Chim. lomnickii var. wierzejskii Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert 

Hansen & Moestrup, P. wierzejskii Wolosz. 1916, Glen. lomnickii var. wierzejskii (Wolosz. 1916) Er. Lindem. 1928, 

P. wierzejskii Wolosz. 1916, ?P. tatrae J. Schiller 1937, ?Chalubinskia tatrica Wolosz. 1916) 

116 Crepidoodinium J. Lom & A.R. Lawler 1981 -type. C. cyprinodontum 

896 

Crepidoodinium cyprinodontum (A.R. Lawler 1967) J. Lom & A.R. Lawler 1981 (=Oodinium cyprinodontum A.R. 

Lawler) 

897 Crepidoodinium virginicum J. Lom, K. Rohde & I. Dykova 1993 

898 Crepidoodinium australe J. Lom, K. Rohde & I. Dykova 1993 

117 Cryptoperidiniopsis Steid., J.H. Landsberg, P.L. Mason, W.K. Vogelbein, P.A. Tester & R.W. Litaker 2006 

899 Cryptoperidiniopsis brodyi Steid., J.H. Landsberg, P.L. Mason, W.K. Vogelbein, P.A. Tester & R.W. Litaker 2006 

118 Cystodinedria Pascher 1944 (=Phytodinedria Pascher 1944) 

900 

Cystodinedria inermis (Geitler 1943) Pascher 1944 (=C. adpressa (Pascher) Bourr. 1970, C. aeruginea (Pascher) 

Bourr., C. brunnea Pascher 1944, C. cocconiforme (Baumeister) Starmach 1974, C. hemisphaera (Pascher) Bourr. 

1970, C. hyalina (Pascher) Bourr. 1970, C. maxima Popovský 1961, C. obtusata Pascher 1944, C. procubans 

(Pascher) Bourr. 1970, C. reniformis (Baumeister) Starmach 1974, C. setosa (Pascher) Bourr. 1970, Dinococcus 

inermis (Geitler 1943) Fott 1960, P. adpressa Pascher 1944, P. cocconiforme Baumeister 1957, P. hemisphaera 

Pascher 1944, P. hyalina Pascher 1944, P. procubans Pascher 1944, P. reniformis Baumeister 1957, P. setosa 

Pascher 1944, Raciborskia inermis Geitler 1943) 

119 Haidadinium J. Buckland-Nicks, T.E. Reimchen & D.J. Garbary 1997 

901 Haidadinium ichthyophilum J. Buckland-Nicks, T.E. Reimchen & D.J. Garbary 1997 

120 Leonella D. Janofske & Karwath 2000 

902 Leonella granifera (Fütterer 1977) D. Janofske & Karwath 2000 (=Thoracosphaera granifera Fütterer) 

121 Luciella P.L. Mason, H.J. Jeong, R.W. Litaker, K.S. Reece & Steid. 2007 -type L. masanensis 

903 Luciella atlantis P.L. Mason, R.W. Litaker, K.S. Reece & Steid. 2007 

904 Luciella masanensis P.L. Mason, H.J. Jeong, R.W. Litaker, K.S. Reece & Steid. 2007


99 


122 Parvodinium Carty 2008 -type P. umbonatum (8 species) 

905 

Parvodinium africanum (Lemmerm. ex West 1907) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium africanum Lemmerm. ex G.S. West 

1907, Peridinium ornamentosum Er. Lindem. 1931, P. intermedium Playfair 1919) 

906 Parvodinium belizensis (Carty 2003) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium belizensis Carty) 

907 Parvodinium deflandrei (M. Lefèvre 1927) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium deflandrei M. Lefèvre) 

908 Parvodinium goslaviense (Wolosz. 1916) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium goslaviense Wolosz.) 

909 

910 

Parvodinium inconspicuum (Lemmerm. 1899) Carty 2008 (=Per. inconspicuum Lemmerm., Glen. inconspicuum 

(Lemmerm.) Wailes 1939) 

Parvodinium morzinense (M. Lefèvre 1928) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium morzinense M. Lefèvre 1928, Per. elegans 

M. Lefèvre 1925) 

911 Parvodinium pusillum (Penard 1891) Carty 2008 (=Glenodinium pusillum Penard 1891) 

912 

Parvodinium umbonatum (F. Stein 1883) Carty 2008 (=Peridinium umbonatum F. Stein 1883, P. linzium Er. Lindem., 

P. ambiguum Er. Lindem. 1931, P. minimum Wolosz. 1916, P. munusculum Er. Lindem. 1918, P. steinmannii 

Wolosz. 1930, P. parvulum Wolosz. 1935, P. javanicum C.J. Bernard 1908, Gym. oligoplacatum Skuja 1956) 

123 Protoodinium Hovasse 1935 -type P. chattonii 

913 Protoodinium chattonii Hovasse 1935 

914 Protoodinium hovassei Cachon 1964 

124 Oodinioides Reichenbach-Klinke 1970 

915 Oodinioides vastator Reichenbach-Klinke 1970 

125 Oodinium Chatton 1912 (=Salpicola Bargoni 1894) -type O. pouchetii 

916 Oodinium dogielii Cachon & M. Chatton 1971 

917 Oodinium fritillariae Chatton 1912 

918 Oodinium inlandicum T. Horig. & S. Ohtsuka 2001 

919 Oodinium jordanii N. McLean & C. Nielsen 1989 

920 Oodinium pouchetii (Lemmerm. 1899) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium pulvisculus C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) 

126 Paulsenella Chatton 1920 -type P. chaetoceratis 

921 Paulsenella chaetoceratis (Paulsen 1911) Chatton 1920 (=Apodinium chaetoceratis Paulsen) 

922 Paulsenella kornmannii Drebes & Schnepf 1988 

923 Paulsenella vonstoschii Drebes & Schnepf 1988 

127 Pfiesteria Steid. & J.M. Burkh. 1996 

924 Pfiesteria piscicida Steid. & J.M. Burkh. 1996 

128 Pseudopfiesteria R.W. Litaker, Steid., P.L. Mason, J.D. Shields & P.A. Tester 2005 

925 

Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae (H.B. Glasgow & J.M. Burkh. 2001) R.W. Litaker, Steid., P.L. Mason, J.D. Shields & 

P.A. Tester 2005 (=Pfiesteria shumwayae H.B. Glasgow & J.M. Burkh.) 

129 Staszicella Wolosz. 1916 (=?Tyrannodinium Calado, Craveiro, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009) 

926 

Staszicella dinobryonis Wolosz. 1916 (=Peridiniopsis dinobryonis (Wolosz. 1916) Bourr. 1968, Glenodinium 

dinobryonis (Wolosz.) J. Schiller 1937, Stylodinium tarnum Baumeister 1943) 

130 Stoeckeria H.J. Jeong, J.S. Kim, J.Y. Park, J.H. Kim, S. Kim, I. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.H. Ha & W.H. Yih 2005 

927 Stoeckeria algicida H.J. Jeong, J.S. Kim, J.Y. Park, J.H. Kim, S. Kim, I. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.H. Ha & W.H. Yih 2005 

131 Stylodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Dinopodiella Pascher 1944) -type S. globosum (6 species) 

928 Stylodinium littorale T. Horig. & Chihara 1983 

929 Stylodinium gastrophilum Cachon, Cachon-Enjumet & Bouquaheux 1965 

930 

Stylodinium globosum G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Dinopodiella gracilis Pascher 1944, D. phaseolus Pascher 1944, D. 

gracilis Pascher 1944) 

931 Stylodinium polymorphum Baumeister 1957 

932 Stylodinium sphaera Pascher 1944 (=?Vampyrella penula Cienk. 1865) 

933 Stylodinium tarnum Baumeister 1943 

132 Thoracosphaera Kamptner 1927 -type T. pelagica 

934 

Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann 1920) Kamptner 1944 (=Syracosphaera heimii Lohmann, Thoracosphaera 

pelagica Kamptner 1927)

100 GÓMEZ 


133 Tyrannodinium Calado, Craveiro, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009 (=?Staszicella Wolosz. 1916) 

935 

Tyrannodinium edax (A.J. Schilling 1891) Calado 2011 (=Peridiniopsis edax (A.J. Schill.) Bourr. 1968, Glenodinium 

edax A.J. Schill., Tyrannodinium berolinense (Lemmerm. 1900) Calado, Craveiro, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009, 

Peridinium berolinense Lemmerm. 1900, Peridiniopsis berolinense (Lemmerm.) Bourr. 1968, Gymnodinium alatum 

Litvin. 1963, ?Staszicella dinobryonis Wolosz. 1916) 

Glenodiniaceae Wiley & Hickson 1909 (incl. Glenodiniaceae Lemmerm. 1900, Glenodiniaceae Er. Lindem. 1928, 

Glenodiniopsidaceae J. Schiller 1935, Dinosphaeraceae Er. Lindem. 1928, Lophodiniaceae Osorio- 

Tafall 1942, ?Lophodiniales J.D. Dodge 1984) 

936 Gymnodinium impatiens Skuja 1964 

937 Peridinium sociale (Henneg. 1890) Biecheler 1935 (=Glenodinium sociale Henneg.) 

134 Dinosphaera Kof. & J.R Michener 1912 

938 Dinosphaera palustris (Lemmerm. 1907) Kof. & J.R Michener 1912 (=Gonyaulax palustris Lemmerm. 1907) 

135 Glochidinium Boltovskoy 1999 -type G. penardiforme 

939 

Glochidinium penardiforme (Er. Lindem. 1918) Boltovskoy 1999 (=Per. penardiforme Er. Lindem. 1918, Peridiniopsis 

penardiforme (Er. Lindem.) Bourr., Glen. penardiforme (Er. Lindem.) J. Schiller 1937) 

940 Glochidinium platygaster Boltovskoy 1999 

136 Gloeodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 

941 Gloeodinium montanum G.A. Klebs 1912 

137 Hemidinium F. Stein 1878 -type H. nasutum (16 species) 

942 Hemidinium animale Skvortzov 1968 

943 Hemidinium aquae-frigidae Skvortzov 1968 

944 Hemidinium bryophyticum Skvortzov 1958 

945 Hemidinium imprimatum W. Busch 1927 

946 Hemidinium kisselewii Skvortzov 1928 

947 Hemidinium kofoidii Skvortzov 1968 

948 Hemidinium lindemannii Skvortzov 1968 

949 Hemidinium mediterraneum J. Schiller 1928 

950 Hemidinium mucosum Skvortzov 1958 

951 

Hemidinium nasutum F. Stein 1878 (=H. nobile Skuja 1964, H. brasiliense C.E.M. Bicudo & Skvortzov 1970, H. 

nasutum var. lapeanum C.E.M. Bicudo & Ventrice, H. nasutum var. tatricum J. Wolosz., Gloeodinium cracoviense 

Starmach 1963) 

952 Hemidinium occulatum Skvortzov 1958 

953 

Hemidinium ochraceum Levander 1900 (=H. pseudoochraceum C.E.M. Bicudo & Skvortzov 1970, H. montanum 

C.E.M. Bicudo & Skvortzov 1970) 

954 Hemidinium olivaceum Skvortzov 1968 (non Gymnodinium olivaceum Skvortzov 1968) 

955 Hemidinium purpureum Skvortzov 1968 

956 Hemidinium tumidum Skvortzov 1946 

957 Hemidinium woloszynskae Skvortzov 1968 

138 Glenodiniopsis Wolosz. 1916 -type G. steinii 

958 

Glenodiniopsis steinii (Lemmerm. 1900) Wolosz. 1916 (=Glenodinium cinctum F. Stein 1878, Glenodinium steinii 

Lemmerm. 1900, Glenodinium uliginosum A.J. Schill. 1891, Glenodiniopsis uliginosa (A.J. Schill.) Wolosz. 1928) 

959 Glenodiniopsis pretiosa Er. Lindem. 1931 

139 Glenodinium Ehrenb. 1836 -type G. cinctum (59 species) 

960 Glenodinium abruptum Skvortzov 1958 

961 Glenodinium alpinum (Perty 1849) Perty 1852 (=Peridinium alpinum Perty) 

962 Glenodinium amphibium C.H.G. Pouchet 1885 

963 Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller 1955 

964 Glenodinium bacilliferum Biecheler 1952 

965 Glenodinium bieblii J. Schiller 1955 

966 Glenodinium caspicum (Ostenf. 1901) J. Schiller 1935 (=Diplopsalis caspica Ostenf.)


101 


967 

Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenb. 1836 (=Sphaerodinium cinctum (Ehrenb. 1836) Wolosz. 1917, ?S. javanicum 

Wolosz. 1930, S. cinctum f. tatricum (Wolosz.) Hub.-Pest. 1950, ?S. cracoviense Wolosz. 1916) 

968 Glenodinium compressum Calk. 1901 (=Amphidinium compressum (Calk.) F.J.R. Taylor & Baillie 1971) 

969 Glenodinium cosmariiforme Skvortzov 1958 

970 Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller 1955 

971 Glenodinium ellipsoideum Skvortzov 1968 

972 Glenodinium emarginatum G.A. Klebs 1912 

973 Glenodinium frigidum Skvortzov 1968 

974 Glenodinium fungiforme J. Schiller 1955 

975 Glenodinium geminum (Playfair 1919) Er. Lindem. 1931 (=Peridinium geminum Playfair) 

976 Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller 1955 

977 Glenodinium glaucum Skvortzov 1968 

978 Glenodinium guildfordense (Playfair 1920) Er. Lindem. 1931 (=Peridinium caudatum var. guildfordense Playfair) 

979 Glenodinium helicozoster T.M. Harris 1940 

980 Glenodinium inflatum Meunier 1910 

981 Glenodinium kamptneri J. Schiller 1955 

982 Glenodinium lefevrei Er. Lindem. 1928 

983 Glenodinium lemmermannii O. Zacharias 1901 

984 Glenodinium lenticula C.H.G. Pouchet 1885 

985 Glenodinium leptodermum T.M. Harris 1940 

986 Glenodinium limos T.M. Harris 1940 

987 Glenodinium longicorne (Perty 1849) Diesing 1866 

988 Glenodinium majale Skvortzov 1958 

989 Glenodinium maliavkinii Skvortzov 1958 

990 Glenodinium mezii Steinecke 1916 

991 Glenodinium minimum (Lantzsch 1914) M. Bachm. 1923 (=Gymnodinium minimum Lantzsch) 

992 Glenodinium minutum Skvortzov 1946 

993 Glenodinium monadicum (Perty 1852) Diesing 1866 

994 Glenodinium monense Herdman 1924 

995 Glenodinium mucronatum W. Conrad 1926 

996 Glenodinium obliquum C.H.G. Pouchet 1885 

997 Glenodinium ostenfeldii Paulsen 1904 

998 Glenodinium ovatum Fauré-Frem. 1908 

999 Glenodinium paululum Er. Lindem. 1928 

1000 Glenodinium peisonis J. Schiller 1955 

1001 Glenodinium pilula (Ostenf. 1908) J. Schiller 1937 (=Diplopsalis pilula Ostenf.) 

1002 Glenodinium planulum (Perty 1852) Diesing 1866 (=Peridinium planulum Perty) 

1003 Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja 1956 

1004 Glenodinium pulvisculum (Ehrenb. 1832) F. Stein 1883 

1005 Glenodinium punctulatum T.M. Harris 1940 

1006 Glenodinium rotundatum Skvortzov 1958 

1007 

Glenodinium saeculare (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) J. Schiller 1935 (=P. saecularis (G. Murray & Whitting) Ostenf. 

1915, Diplopsalis saecularis G. Murray & Whitting) 

1008 Glenodinium sanguineum (H.J. Carter 1858) Diesing 1866 

1009 Glenodinium segriense P.A. Dangeard 1939 

1010 Glenodinium spiculiferum J. Schiller 1955 

1011 Glenodinium spinosum Skvortzov 1968

102 GÓMEZ 


1012 Glenodinium sungariense Skvortzov 1958 

1013 Glenodinium turbo C.H.G. Pouchet 1885 

1014 Glenodinium turfosum Skvortzov 1958 

1015 Glenodinium vernale Skvortzov 1968 

1016 Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller 1955 

1017 Glenodinium viride Skvortzov 1958 

1018 Glenodinium warmingii Bergh 1881 

140 Kansodinium Carty & E.R. Cox 1986 

1019 

Kansodinium ambiguum (R.H. Thomps. 1950) Carty & E.R. Cox (=Glenodinium ambiguum R.H. Thomps., 

Diplopsalis ambiguum (R.H. Thomps.) Bourr. 1970, non Peridinium ambiguum Er. Lindem.) 

141 Lophodinium Lemmerm. 1910 

1020 

Lophodinium polylophum (Daday 1905) Lemmerm. 1910 (=L. dadayi Osorio-Tafall 1942, Glenodinium polylophum 

Daday) 

142 Nephrodinium Meunier 1910 

1021 

Nephrodinium karianum Meunier 1910 (=Peridinium karianum (Meunier) J. Schiller 1937, non P. karianum Henckel 

1925) 

1022 Nephrodinium nivale Meunier 1910 (=Peridinium nivale (Meunier) J. Schiller 1937) 

143 Palatinus Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009 -type P. apiculatus 

1023 

1024 

Palatinus apiculatus (Ehrenb. 1838) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009 (=Glen. apiculatus Ehrenb. 

1838, P. apiculatum (Ehrenb.) Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859, Palatinus apiculatus var. laevis (Huitf.-Kaas 1900) Craveiro, 

Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009, P. laeve Huitf.-Kaas 1900, P. palatinum f. laeve (Huitf.-Kaas) Er. Lindem. 

1928, P. marssonii Lemmerm. 1900, P. anglicum G.S. West 1909, Properidinium apiculatum (Ehrenb.) Meunier 

1919) 

Palatinus pseudolaevis (M. Lefèvre 1926) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2009 (=Peridinium pseudolaeve 

M. Lefèvre) 

144 Peridiniopsis Lemmerm. 1904 -type P. borgei (15 species) 

1025 Peridiniopsis amazonica Barbara Mey. 1997 

1026 Peridiniopsis armebeensis Ten-Hage, K.P. Da & Couté 2007 

1027 

Peridiniopsis borgei Lemmerm. 1904 (=P. borgei (Lemmerm.) Lemmerm. 1910, Glen. borgei (Lemmerm.) J. 


1028 Peridiniopsis charkowiensis (Matv. 1938) Bourr. 1968 (=Peridinium charkowiensis Matv.) 

1029 Peridiniopsis cristatum (Balech 1961) Bourr. 1968 (=Glenodinium cristatum Balech) 

1030 

1031 

Peridiniopsis cunningtonii Lemmerm. 1907 (=Peridinium suttonii B.M. Griffiths 1922, Glenodinium sedens Er. 

Lindem. 1928, Peridinium treubii Wolosz. 1912, Heterocapsa quinquecuspidata Massart 1920) 

Peridiniopsis elpatiewskyi (Ostenf. 1907) Bourr. 1968 (=P. pygmaeum Er. Lindem. 1918, Peridiniopsis pygmeum 

(Er. Lindem.) Bourr., P. umbonatum var. elpatiewskyi Ostenf., Glen. elpatiewskyi (Ostenf.) J. Schiller 1935, Glen. 

pygmaeum (Er. Lindem.) J. Schiller 1937) 

1032 Peridiniopsis kulczynskii (Wolosz. 1916) Bourr. 1968 (=Glenodinium kulczynskii (Wolosz.) Er. Lindem. 1928) 

1033 Peridiniopsis lindemannii (M. Lefèvre 1927) Bourr. 1968 (=Glenodinium lindemannii M. Lefèvre) 

1034 Peridiniopsis oculata (F. Stein 1883) Bourr. 1968 (=Glenodinium oculatum F. Stein) 

1035 

Peridiniopsis quinquecuspidata (Nygaard 1926) Gert Hansen & Flaim 2007 (=P. cunningtonii var. quinquecuspidata 

Nygaard, Glen. quadridens var. quinquecuspidatum (Massart) J. Schiller 1935) 

1036 Peridiniopsis salina J.M. Trigueros 2000 

1037 Peridiniopsis sphaeroidea (Christen 1958) Bourr. 1968 (=Peridinium sphaeroideum Christen) 

1038 Peridiniopsis thompsonii (R.H. Thomps.) Bourr. 1968 

1039 

Peridiniopsis viguieri (M. Lefèvre 1932) Bourr. 1968 (=Glen. viguieri (M. Lefèvre) J. Schiller 1937, P. viguieri M. 

Lefèvre) 

145 Thompsodinium Bourr. 1970 

1040 

Thompsodinium intermedium (R.H. Thomps. 1951) Bourr. 1970 (=Peridinium intermedium R.H. Thomps., ?P. 

intermedium Playfair 1919)


103 


Order Peridiniales Haeckel 1894, Peridiniales sensu stricto 

Peridiniaceae Ehrenb. 1832 

146 Bagredinium K.P. Da, F. Zongo, G. Mascarell & Couté 2004 

1041 

Bagredinium crenulatum (Couté & A. Iltis 1984) K.P. Da, F. Zongo, G. Mascarell & Couté 2004 (=P. crenulatum 

Couté & A. Iltis) 

147 Peridinium Ehrenb. 1832 sensu stricto -type P. cinctum (32 species) 

1042 Peridinium abscissum O. Zacharias 1903 

1043 Peridinium alatum Cleve-Euler 1937 (non Peridinium alatum A. Garbini 1902) 

1044 Peridinium allorgei M. Lefèvre 9127 

1045 Peridinium baicalense Kisselev & Zwetkow 1935 

1046 Peridinium bipes F. Stein 1883 (=P. tabulatum (Ehrenb.) Clap. & J. Lachm. partim) 

1047 Peridinium brasiliense G. Borics & I. Grigorszky 2005 

1048 

Peridinium cinctum (O.F. Müller 1786) Ehrenb. 1838 (=Vorticella cincta O.F. Müller, P. tabulatum Penard 1891, P. 

tuberosum Meunier 1919, P. eximium Er. Lindem. 1918, P. rhenanum Er. Lindem. 1919, P. westii Lemmerm. 1906, 

Glenodinium cinctum (O.F. Muller) Ehrenb. 1830) 

1049 Peridinium disciforme Cleve-Euler 1918 

1050 Peridinium euryceps K. Rengefors & Barbara Mey. 1998 

1051 Peridinium eximium Er. Lindem. 1920 

1052 Peridinium gatuense Nygaard 1925 (=P. cinctum var. gibbosum M. Lefèvre 1927, P. zonatum Playfair 1919) 

1053 Peridinium gemma Cleve-Euler 1918 

1054 Peridinium gutwinskii Wolosz. 1912 

1055 Peridinium illustrans O.C.A. Wetzel 1933 

1056 Peridinium jensenii (Nygaard 1926) Nygaard 1932 (=Gonyaulax jensenii Nygaard 1926) 

1057 Peridinium keyense G. Nygaard 1926 

1058 Peridinium limbatum (A. Stokes 1888) Lemmerm. 1900 (=Protoperidinium limbatum A. Stokes) 

1059 Peridinium lingii K. Thomasson 1986 

1060 Peridinium lubiniensiforme (Diwald 1938) Hub.-Pest. (=Glenodinium lubiniensiforme Diwald) 

1061 Peridinium mixtum Wolosz. 1952 

1062 Peridinium ovum Matv. 1938 (non Peridinium ovum J. Schiller 1911) 

1063 Peridinium playfairii Er. Lindem. 1931 

1064 

Peridinium raciborskii Wolosz. 1912 (=P. chalubinskii Wolosz. 1919, Protoperidinium palustre (Er. Lindem.) M. 

Lefèvre 1932, Glenodinium palustre (Lemmerm.) J. Schiller 1935) 

1065 Peridinium rhenanum Er. Lindem. 1919 

1066 Peridinium smirnovii Skvortzov 1958 

1067 Peridinium striolatum Playfair 1919 

1068 Peridinium subtatranum Wolosz. 1952 

1069 Peridinium sydneyense K. Thomasson 1986 (=?Peridinium sydneyense (Playfair) K. Thomasson 1986) 

1070 Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. 1905 (=?Peridinium willei Huitf.-Kaas 1900) 

1071 

Peridinium willei Huitf.-Kaas 1900 (=P. alatum Garbini 1902, P. guestrowiense Er. Lindem. 1918, P. kincaidii Wailes 

1933, ?P. volzii Lemmerm. 1905, P. tabulatum Playfair 1912, P. australe Playfair 1912, P. hieroglyphicum Playfair 

1919, P. striolatum Wailes 1928, P. vancouverense Wailes 1921) 

1072 Peridinium wisconsinense S. Eddy 1930 

1073 Peridinium witoslawi Er. Lindem. 1919 

Heterocapsaceae Fensome & al. 1993 

148 Heterocapsa F. Stein 1883 (=Cachonina A.R. Loebl. 1968) -type H. triquetra (19 species) 

1074 Heterocapsa arctica T. Horig. 1997 

1075 Heterocapsa chattonii (Biecheler 1952) P.H. Campb. 1973 (=Peridinium chattonii Biecheler) 

1076 Heterocapsa circularisquama T. Horig. 1995 

1077 Heterocapsa horiguchii M. Iwataki, H. Takayama & Matsuoka 2002

104 GÓMEZ 


1078 Heterocapsa huensis M. Iwataki & Matsuoka 2009 

1079 

Heterocapsa illdefina (E.M. Herman & B.M. Sweeney 1976) L.C. Morrill & A.R. Loebl. 1981 (=Cachonina illdefina 

E.M. Herman & B.M. Sweeney, Cachonina hallii (Freud. & J.J Lee) J.D. Dodge 1982, Glenodinium hallii Freud. & 

J.J Lee 1963) 

1080 Heterocapsa kollmeriana M.J. Swift & J.J.A. McLaughlin 1970 

1081 Heterocapsa lanceolata M. Iwataki & Fukuyo 2002 

1082 Heterocapsa minima A.J. Pomroy 1989 

1083 Heterocapsa niei (A.R. Loebl. 1968) L.C. Morrill & A.R. Loebl. 1981 

1084 Heterocapsa orientalis M. Iwataki & Fukuyo 2003 

1085 Heterocapsa ovata M. Iwataki & Fukuyo 2003 

1086 Heterocapsa pacifica Kof. 1907 

1087 Heterocapsa psammophila M. Tamura, M. Iwataki & T. Horig. 2005 

1088 Heterocapsa pseudotriquetra M. Iwataki, Gert Hansen & Fukuyo 2004 

1089 

1090 

1091 

Heterocapsa pygmaea A.R. Loebl., R.J. Schmidt & J.L. Sherley 1981 (=Cachonina pygmaea (A.R. Loebl., R.J. 

Schmidt & J.L. Sherley 1981) Sournia 1984) 

Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann 1908) Gert Hansen 1995 (=Amphidinium rotundatum Lohmann 1911, A. 

pellucidum Redeke 1935, Gymnodinium minutum M. Lebour 1925, Massartia rotundata (Lohmann) J. Schiller 

1933, Katodinium rotundatum (Lohmann) A.R. Loebl. 1965, K. redekei (W. Conrad & Kufferath 1954) A.R. Loeb. 

1965, K. minutum (M. Lebour) Sournia 1973) 

Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb. 1840) F. Stein 1883 (=Glenodinium triquetrum Ehrenb., Peridinium triquetrum 

(Ehrenb.) M. Lebour 1925, Properidinium heterocapsa (F. Stein) Meunier 1919) 

1092 Heterocapsa umbilicata F. Stein 1883 

Podolampadaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 (incl. Lessardiaceae Carbonell-Moore 2004) 

149 Blepharocysta Ehrenb. 1873 -type B. splendor-maris 

1093 Blepharocysta denticulata D.S. Nie 1939 

1094 Blepharocysta hermosillai Carbonell-Moore 1992 

1095 Blepharocysta okamurai T.H. Abé 1966 (=?B. splendor-maris (Ehrenb. 1860) Ehrenb. 1873) 

1096 Blepharocysta paulsenii J. Schiller 1937 

1097 Blepharocysta splendor-maris (Ehrenb. 1860) Ehrenb. 1873 (=?B. okamurai T.H. Abé 1966) 

150 Gaarderiella Carbonell-Moore 2010 (=Gaarderia Carbonell-Moore 1994) -type G. angusta 

1098 Gaarderiella angusta (Carbonell-Moore 1994) Carbonell-Moore 2010 

1099 Gaarderiella armata (Carbonell-Moore 1994) Carbonell-Moore 2010 

1100 Gaarderiella lata (Carbonell-Moore 1994) Carbonell-Moore 2010 

1101 Gaarderiella compressa (Carbonell-Moore 1994) Carbonell-Moore 2010 

151 Heterobractum Carbonell-Moore 1994 

1102 Heterobractum striatum Carbonell-Moore 1994 

152 Lessardia J.F. Saldarriaga & F.J.R. Taylor 2003 

1103 Lessardia elongata J.F. Saldarriaga & F.J.R. Taylor 2003 

153 Lissodinium Matzen. 1933 -type L. schilleri (18 species) 

1104 Lissodinium australe Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1105 Lissodinium balechii Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1106 Lissodinium corrugatum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1107 Lissodinium fryxelliae Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1108 Lissodinium heteracanthum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1109 Lissodinium heteroporum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1110 Lissodinium homacanthum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1111 Lissodinium longisulcus Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1112 Lissodinium magnum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1113 Lissodinium matzenaueri Carbonell-Moore 1993


105 


1114 Lissodinium orcadense Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1115 Lissodinium ovatum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1116 Lissodinium parvum Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1117 Lissodinium schilleri Matzen. 1933 (=B. matzenaueri (Matzen.) Gaarder, B. compressa Gaarder 1954) 

1118 Lissodinium steidingerae Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1119 Lissodinium taylorii Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1120 Lissodinium thompsonii Carbonell-Moore 1993 

1121 Lissodinium zondervanii Carbonell-Moore 1993 

154 Mysticella Carbonell-Moore 1994 (non Mysticella R.V. Gorjunova 2007) -type M. striata 

1122 Mysticella spinosa Carbonell-Moore 1994 

1123 Mysticella striata (F. Schütt 1895) Carbonell-Moore 1994 (=Blepharocysta striata F. Schütt) 

155 Podolampas F. Stein 1883 -type P. bipes (7 species) 

1124 Podolampas antarctica Balech 1965 

1125 Podolampas bipes F. Stein 1883 

1126 Podolampas curvata J. Schiller 1937 

1127 Podolampas elegans F. Schütt 1895 

1128 Podolampas palmipes F. Stein 1883 

1129 Podolampas reticulata Kof. 1907 (=P. bipes var. reticulata (Kof.) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1130 Podolampas spinifera Okamura 1912 

156 Roscoffia Balech 1956 -type R. capitata 

1131 Roscoffia capitata Balech 1956 

1132 Roscoffia minor T. Horig. & F. Kubo 1997 

Amphidiniopsidaceae J.D. Dodge 1984 

157 Genus of Thecadinium dragescoi 

1133 Thecadinium dragescoi Balech 1956 

158 Amphidiniopsis Wolosz. 1929 -type A. kofoidii (14 species) 

1134 Amphidiniopsis aculeata Hoppenrath, Koeman & B.S. Leander 2009 

1135 Amphidiniopsis arenaria Hoppenrath 2000 

1136 Amphidiniopsis cristata Hoppenrath 2000 

1137 Amphidiniopsis dentata Hoppenrath 2000 

1138 Amphidiniopsis galericulata Hoppenrath 2000 

1139 Amphidiniopsis hexagona S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J.D. Dodge 2000 

1140 Amphidiniopsis hirsuta (Balech 1956) J.D. Dodge 1982 (=Thecadinium hirsutum Balech) 

1141 Amphidiniopsis kofoidii Wolosz. 1929 

1142 Amphidiniopsis korewalensis Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2002 

1143 Amphidiniopsis pectinaria S. Toriumi, S. Yoshimatsu & J.D. Dodge 2002 

1144 Amphidiniopsis sibbaldii K.H. Nicholls 1998 ex K.H. Nicholls 1999 

1145 Amphidiniopsis swedmarkii (Balech 1956) J.D. Dodge 1982 (=Thecadinium swedmarkii Balech) 

1146 Amphidiniopsis urnaeformis G.I. Gail 1950 

1147 Amphidiniopsis uroensis S. Toriumi, S. Yoshimatsu & J.D. Dodge 2002 

159 Archaeperidinium Jørg. 1912 (=Protoperidinium Bergh) -type A. minutum 

1148 

1149 

Archaeperidinium minutum (Kof. 1907) Jørg. 1912 (=Protoperidinium minutum (Kof. 1907) A.R. Loebl. 1970), 

?Archaeperidinium monospinum (Paulsen) Jørg. 1913, Properidinium aspinum Meunier 1919) 

Archaeperidinium monospinum (Paulsen 1907) Jørg. 1913 (=Protoperidinium monospinum (Paulsen) Zonneveld 

& B. Dale 1994, Protoperidinium constrictum (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974, Peridinium constricta T.H. Abé, 

Properidinium aspinum Meunier 1919) 

1150 Protoperidinium archiovatum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974

106 GÓMEZ 


1151 Protoperidinium bolmonense Chomérat & Couté 2008 

1152 Protoperidinium grenlandicum (Wolosz. 1929) Balech 1974 (=P. grenlandicum Wolosz.) 

1153 Protoperidinium tricingulatum H. Kawami, Wezel, Koeman & Matsuoka 2009 

1154 Protoperidinium vorax Siano & Montresor 2005 

160 Herdmania J.D. Dodge 1981 (=Dodgeia Özdikmen 2009) 

1155 

Herdmania litoralis J.D. Dodge 1981 (=Gymnodinium agile Herdman 1922, non Gymnodinium agile Kof. & Swezy 

1921) 

Protoperidiniaceae Balech 1988 (incl. Kolkwitziellaceae Er. Lindem. 1928, Congruentidiaceae J. Schiller 1935, 

Protoperidiniaceae J.P. Bujak & E.H. Davies 1998) 

161 

1156 

1157 

1158 

1159 

Protoperidinium Bergh 1881 sensu stricto (=Minuscula M. Lebour 1925, Properidinium Meunier 1919, 

Congruentidium T.H. Abé 1927) -type P. pellucidum (269 species) 

Protoperidinium abei (Paulsen 1930) Balech 1974 (=P. biconicum T.H. Abé 1927, non P. biconicum P.A. Dangeard 

1927) 

Protoperidinium acutipes (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. quadratum Matzen. 1933, P. divergens f. acutipes 

(P.A. Dangeard) J. Schiller 1937) 

Protoperidinium angustum (P.A. Dangeard 1932) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium wiesneri (J. Schiller 1931) 

Balech 1974) 

Protoperidinium bipes (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1974 (=Minuscula bipes (Paulsen) M. Lebour 1925, Glenodinium 

bipes Paulsen 1904, Peridinium minusculum Pavill. 1905, non Peridinium bipes F. Stein 1883) 

1160 Protoperidinium conicoides (Paulsen 1905) Balech 1973 (=Peridinium (Euperidinium) conicoides Paulsen 1905) 

1161 Protoperidinium conicum (Gran 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. divergens var. conica Gran) 

1162 Protoperidinium crassipes (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 

1163 

1164 

Protoperidinium curtipes (Jørg. 1912) Balech 1974 (=P. curtipes Jørg. 1912, P. crassipes Paulsen 1907 partim, non 

P. crassipes Paulsen 1930, nec J. Schiller 1937) 

Protoperidinium denticulatum (Gran & Braarud 1935) Balech 1974 (=P. clavus T.H. Abé 1936, Protoper. 

hemisphaericum (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1988) 

1165 Protoperidinium diabolus (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. longipes G. Karst. 1907) 

1166 Protoperidinium divergens (Ehrenb. 1841) Balech 1974 

1167 

Protoperidinium elegans (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. annulatum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911, ?P. elegans 

Matzen. 1933) 

1168 Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. excentricum Paulsen, P. perrieri Fauré-Frem. 1909) 

1169 

1170 

1171 

Protoperidinium leonis (Pavill. 1916) Balech 1974 (=P. conicum Meunier 1919, P. saltans Pavill. 1915, non P. 

saltans Meunier 1910) 

Protoperidinium mediterraneum (Kof. 1909) Balech 1974 (=P. longicollum Pavill. 1916, P. steinii subsp. 

mediterraneum Kof.) 

Protoperidinium longipes Balech 1974 (=Protoper. longipes (G. Karst. 1907) Balech 1974, P. diabolus var. longipes 

(G. Karst.) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1172 Protoperidinium magnum (J. Schiller 1929) Balech 1974 (=?P. crassipes Kof. 1907) 

1173 

Protoperidinium obtusum (G. Karst. 1906) Parke & J.D. Dodge 1976 (=Protoperidinium obtusum (G. Karst.) Balech 

1988, P. divergens var. obtusum G. Karst. 1906, P. okamurai Marukawa 1921, non P. okamurai T.H. Abé 1927, P. 

obtusum J. Schiller 1937, non P. obtusum Fauré-Frem. 1908) 

1174 Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenf. 1899) Balech 1973 

1175 

1176 

Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh 1882 ex Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=P. pellucidum (Bergh) F. Schütt 1895, 

non C.H.G. Pouchet 1883, nec Vanhöffen 1897, P. pellucidum ssp. asteriferum Balech 1994, =P. pellucidum ssp. 

stellatum Balech 1978, non P. stellatum D. Wall 1968) 

Protoperidinium pentagonum (Gran 1902) Balech 1974 (=P. divergens var. sinuosum Lemmerm. 1899, P. 

sinuosum Lemmerm. 1905, Protoperidinium sinuosum (Lemmerm.) Matsuoka 1992, P. expansum T.H. Abé 1981, 

Protoperidinium expansum (T.H. Abé 1981) Head, P. parapentagonum Chia C. Wang 1936, non P. pentagonum 


1177 Protoperidinium planiceps (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1988 (=P. thorianum var. planiceps T.H. Abé) 

1178 

1179 

Protoperidinium punctulatum (Paulsen 1908) Balech 1974 (non P. punctulatum Paulsen 1931=P. multistriatum 

Kof. 1907) 

Protoperidinium schilleri (Paulsen 1930) Balech 1974 (=P. pallidum var. schilleri (Paulsen) J. Schiller 1937, non P. 

schilleri Böhm 1931)


107 


1180 

1181 

Protoperidinium thorianum (Paulsen 1905) Balech 1973 (=P. thorianum Paulsen, Properidinium thorianum Meunier 

1919, Peridinium (Euperidinium) thorianum Paulsen 1905) 

Protoperidinium thulesense (Balech 1958) Balech 1973 (=P. conicum f. islandica Braarud 1935, P. sympholis 

Hermosilla & Balech 1969) 

1182 Protoperidinium tumidum (Okamura 1907) Balech 1988 (=P. (divergens) tesselatum G. Karst.) 

Protoperidinium (to be assigned to Protoperidinium sensu stricto, Diplopsaliaceae or Amphidiniopsidaceae) 

1183 Peridinium parainerme D.S. Nie D. & Chia C. Wang 1964 

1184 Peridinium tsingtaornsis D.S. Nie & Chia C. Wang 1964 

1185 

Protoperidinium acanthophorum (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 (=P. rhomboidalis T.H. Abé 1981, P. cerassiformis 

T.H. Abé 1981) 

1186 Protoperidinium achromaticum (Levander 1902) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium finitimum Balech 1976) 

1187 Protoperidinium acutum (Fauré-Frem. 1908) Balech 1974 (=P. pellucidum var. acutum Fauré-Frem.) 

1188 Protoperidinium adeliense (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1189 Protoperidinium adense (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1190 Protoperidinium adulterum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1191 Protoperidinium aequatoriale (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1192 Protoperidinium affine (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1193 Protoperidinium aliferum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974 (=P. matzenaueri Gaarder, non P. matzenaueri Böhm 1936) 

1194 Protoperidinium americanum (Gran & Braarud 1935) Balech 1974 

1195 Protoperidinium amplum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1196 Protoperidinium ampulla (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. granii var. mite f. spirale Gaarder 1954) 

1197 Protoperidinium anceps (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1198 Protoperidinium anguipes (Balech 1967) Balech 1974 

1199 Protoperidinium anomaloplaxum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 

1200 

Protoperidinium antarcticum (A. Schimp. 1905) Balech 1974 (non P. depressum var. parallelum (Broch) Balech 

1994) 

1201 Protoperidinium anthonyi (Fauré-Frem. 1908) Balech 1974 

1202 Protoperidinium applanatum (L. Mangin 1914) Balech 1974 (=P. obovatum E.J.F. Wood 1954) 

1203 

Protoperidinium arcticum (Grøntved & Seidenfaden 1938) Okolodkov 1997 (=P. ovatum f. arctica Grøntved & 

Seidenfaden) 

1204 Protoperidinium areolatum (N. Peters 1928) Balech 1974 

1205 Protoperidinium argentiniense Balech 1979 

1206 Protoperidinium asperum (Wailes 1928) Balech 1974 

1207 Protoperidinium aspidiotum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 

1208 

Protoperidinium asymmetricum Balech 1974 (=P. asymmetricum (T.H. Abé 1927) T.H. Abé 1981, Sphaerodinium 

asymmetricum T.H. Abé 1927, non P. asymmetricum G. Karst. 1907, P. mutsui J. Schiller 1935) 

1209 Protoperidinium avellana (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974 (=Properidinium avellana Meunier) 

1210 Protoperidinium balechii (Akselman 1972) Balech 1988 

1211 Protoperidinium belizeanum M.A. Faust 2003 

1212 Protoperidinium bellulum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1213 Protoperidinium biconicum (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (non P. biconicum T.H. Abé 1936) 

1214 Protoperidinium bidentatum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. bidentatum T.H. Abé) 

1215 Protoperidinium bipatens Balech 1973 

1216 

Protoperidinium bispinum (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 (=?P. bimucronatum (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1974, non 

Protoperidinium sourniai (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994) 

1217 Protoperidinium bourrellyi Balech 1999 

1218 Protoperidinium braarudii (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 

1219 

Protoperidinium brevipes (Paulsen 1908) Balech 1974 (=P. brevipes Paulsen, P. varicans Paulsen 1911, P. 

incurvum Er. Lindem. 1924)

108 GÓMEZ 


1220 

Protoperidinium brochii (Kof. & Swezy 1921) Balech 1974 (=P. adriaticum Broch 1920, non P. adriaticum Schmarda 

1846) 

1221 Protoperidinium bulbosum (Gaarder) Balech 1974 

1222 Protoperidinium bulla (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1223 

Protoperidinium capurroi (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 (=?P. brachypus T.H. Abé 1981, non P. brachypus J. Schiller 

1937) 

1224 Protoperidinium carinaeferum (G.I. Gail 1950) Balech 1994 (=P. carinaeferum G.I. Gail) 

1225 Protoperidinium carum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. carus T.H. Abé) 

1226 Protoperidinium cassum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium cassum cassum Balech 1988) 

1227 Protoperidinium castaneiforme (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 

1228 Protoperidinium cavispinum (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 

1229 Protoperidinium cepa (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1230 Protoperidinium cerasus (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1973 

1231 Protoperidinium charcotii (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1232 Protoperidinium claudum Balech 1994 (=P. asymmetricum G. Karst. sensu Böhm 1936, non G. Karst. 1907) 

1233 Protoperidinium colombonense (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1234 

1235 

Protoperidinium compressum (T.H. Abé 1927) Balech 1974 (=Congruentidium compressum T.H. Abé 1927, P. 

compressum T.H. Abé 1981, Stelladinium stellatum (D. Wall 1968) P.C. Reid 1977) 

Protoperidinium concavum (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium granii (Ostenf. 1906) Balech 1974, 

P. petersii Balech 1958) 

1236 Protoperidinium concinnus M.A. Faust 2006 (subgenus Testeria M.A. Faust) 

1237 Protoperidinium consimile (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. consimilis T.H. Abé) 

1238 Protoperidinium corniculum (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor & Balech 1979 

1239 Protoperidinium cornutum (G. Karst. 1907) Balech 1974 

1240 

Protoperidinium crassipyrum (Balech 1961) Balech 1974 (=P. crassum Balech (1959) Balech 1974, non P. crassum 


1241 Protoperidinium cristatum Balech 1979 

1242 Protoperidinium cruciferum (Balech 1971) Balech 1973 (=?P. parvum T.H. Abé 1981) 

1243 Protoperidinium curtum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973 

1244 Protoperidinium curvipes (Ostenf. 1906) Balech 1974 

1245 Protoperidinium cuspidatum Balech 1979 

1246 

Protoperidinium dakariense (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. gibbosum Matzen. (1933) Balech 1974, P. 

parvispinum Gaarder 1954) 

1247 Protoperidinium decens (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium cassum var. decens Balech 1988) 

1248 Protoperidinium decipiens (Jørg. 1899) Parke & J.D. Dodge 1976 

1249 Protoperidinium decollatum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1250 Protoperidinium defectum (Balech 1965) Balech 1974 

1251 Protoperidinium deficiens (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974 

1252 Protoperidinium discoides (Wailes 1928) Balech 1974 (=?P. denticulatum) 

1253 

Protoperidinium divaricatum (Meunier 1919) Parke & J.D. Dodge 1976 (=P. gainii (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 

1974, P. divaricatum (Meunier) Balech 1988) 

1254 Protoperidinium dodgei Okolodkov 1997 

1255 Protoperidinium dolichoporum B. Borgese 1987 

1256 Protoperidinium elegantissimum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1257 Protoperidinium ellipticum Halim 1969 

1258 Protoperidinium elongatum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1259 Protoperidinium exageratum Balech 1979 (=P. globulus var. quarnerense f. spirale Gaarder 1954) 

1260 Protoperidinium exiguipes (L. Mangin 1930) J.D. Dodge 1985 

1261 Protoperidinium exiguum (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974


109 


1262 Protoperidinium exile Balech 1994 (=P. gracile Meunier 1910) 

1263 Protoperidinium falk-petersenii Okolodkov 1999 

1264 Protoperidinium fastum Balech 1979 

1265 Protoperidinium faurei Balech 1994 (=P. ovatum C.H.G. Pouchet var.? Fauré-Frem. 1908) 

1266 Protoperidinium fimbriatum (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974 

1267 Protoperidinium finitimum Balech 1976 

1268 Protoperidinium formosum (Pavill. 1909) Balech 1974 (=P. diabolus var. formosum (Pavill.) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1269 Protoperidinium furcatum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. furcatum T.H. Abé) 

1270 Protoperidinium gaarderae (Balech 1967) Balech 1974 

1271 

Protoperidinium gibberum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. gibberum T.H. Abé, non P. okamurai T.H. Abé 1927, 

nec P. okamurai Yoneda & Marukawa 1921) 

1272 Protoperidinium globiferum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. globifera T.H. Abé) 

1273 Protoperidinium globulus (F. Stein 1883) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum (C.H.G. Pouchet) F. Schütt 1895) 

1274 Protoperidinium glyptopterum Balech 1973 

1275 

Protoperidinium grahamii (Sournia 1973) Balech 1994 (=P. grahamii Sournia, P. truncatum H.W. Graham 1942, 

non P. truncatum O. Zacharias 1903) 

1276 Protoperidinium grande (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. elegans Matzen. 1933, non P. grande P.A. Dangeard 1927) 

1277 

Protoperidinium granii (Ostenf. 1906) Balech 1974 (=P. finlandicum Paulsen 1907, non P. gracile Gran & Braarud 

1935) 

1278 Protoperidinium hamatum Balech 1979 

1279 Protoperidinium helix (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 

1280 Protoperidinium heteracanthum (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (non Protoper. norpacense Balech 1974) 

1281 Protoperidinium heteroconicum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1282 Protoperidinium heterospinum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974 

1283 

Protoperidinium hidemitii (Paulsen 1949) Balech 1994 (=P. rotundatum T.H. Abé 1936, non P. rotundatum G. Karst. 

1907) 

1284 Protoperidinium hirobis (T.H. Abé 1927) Balech 1974 

1285 Protoperidinium huberi (J. Schiller 1929) Balech 1974 

1286 Protoperidinium humile (J. Schiller 1935) Balech 1974 (=P. perbreve Balech & L.O. Soares 1967) 

1287 Protoperidinium hyalinum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1288 Protoperidinium illepidum Balech 1994 (=P. pellucidum var. crassum Fauré-Frem. 1908) 

1289 Protoperidinium incertum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973 

1290 Protoperidinium inclinatum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 (=P. sphaericum Okamura 1912) 

1291 Protoperidinium incognitum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1292 Protoperidinium inflatiforme (Böhm 1936) Balech 1974 

1293 

Protoperidinium inflatum (Okamura 1912) Balech 1974 (=P. inflatum Okamura, P. brochii f. inflatum J. Schiller 

1937, P. crassum P.A. Dangeard 1927) 

1294 Protoperidinium islandicum (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1973 

1295 Protoperidinium isthmus (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 

1296 

Protoperidinium joergensenii (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. pedunculatum Jørg. 1905, non P. pedunculatum F. 

Schütt 1895) 

1297 Protoperidinium joubinii (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 

1298 Protoperidinium knipowitschii (Usachev 1927) Balech 1974 

1299 Protoperidinium laciniosum Balech 1994 (=P. petersii T.H. Abé 1981, non P. petersii Balech 1958) 

1300 

Protoperidinium laticeps (Grøntved & Seidenfaden 1938) Balech 1974 (=P. laticeps Grøntved & Seidenfaden, ?P. 

consimile (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994) 

1301 Protoperidinium latipyrum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1302 

Protoperidinium latispinum (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 (=?P. africanoides (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974, 

P. angusticollum T.H. Abé 1981, ?P. sylvanae P. Dangeard 1927)

110 GÓMEZ 


1303 

Protoperidinium latissimum (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. pentagonoides Balech 1949, P. pentagonum var. 

latissimum (Kof.) J. Schiller 1937, ?P. sylvanae P.A. Dangeard 1927, Protoperidinium exiquipes (L. Mangin 1930) 

J.D. Dodge 1985) 

1304 Protoperidinium latistriatum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1305 Protoperidinium ligusticum (Rampi 1951) Balech 1974 

1306 

1307 

Protoperidinium lipopodium (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 (=P. subcurvipes Balech 1959, non P. subcurvipes M. 

Lebour 1923) 

Protoperidinium longispinum (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. michaelis Ehrenb. 1840 partim, non P. longispinum L. 

Mangin 1930) 

1308 Protoperidinium macrapicatum (Balech 1971) Balech 1973 (=?P. gracile Gran & Braarud 1935) 

1309 Protoperidinium majus (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum var. majus P.A. Dangeard) 

1310 Protoperidinium manginii (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. pyriforme N. Peters 1928) 

1311 Protoperidinium maranense Tolomio 1981 

1312 

Protoperidinium marielebouriae (Paulsen 1931) Balech 1974 (=P. obtusum (G. Karst. 1906) M. Lebour 1925, non 

P. obtusum (G. Karst.) Fauré-Frem. 1980) 

1313 Protoperidinium marukawai (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 

1314 Protoperidinium mastophorum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. granii Matzen. 1933, non P. granii Ostenf. 1906) 

1315 Protoperidinium mediocre (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1316 Protoperidinium melo (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1317 Protoperidinium mendiolae Balech 1978 

1318 Protoperidinium metananum (Balech 1965) Balech 1974 

1319 Protoperidinium minus (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 

1320 Protoperidinium minutissimum (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 

1321 Protoperidinium mite (Pavill. 1916) Balech 1974 (=P. granii Ostenf. f. mite (Pavill.) J. Schiller 1937) 

1322 Protoperidinium monacanthum (Broch 1910) Balech 1973 (=P. complanatum Meunier 1910) 

1323 Protoperidinium monovelum (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 

1324 Protoperidinium multipunctatum (Fauré-Frem. 1908) Balech 1994 (=P. multipunctatum Fauré-Frem.) 

1325 Protoperidinium munobis (T.H. Abé 1927) Balech 1974 

1326 

1327 

Protoperidinium murrayi (Kof. 1907) Hernández-Becerril 1991 (=P. murrayi Kof. 1907, P. murrayi var. occidentalis 

Pavill. 1930, P. murrayi var. orientalis Matzen. 1933) 

Protoperidinium mutsuense (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 (=P. mutsuensis T.H. Abé, non Peridinium mutsui J. 


1328 Protoperidinium nanum (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 

1329 

1330 

Protoperidinium norpacense (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 (=P. heteracanthum P.A. Dangeard sensu Matzen. 1933, 

non P. heteracanthum P.A. Dangeard 1927) 

Protoperidinium novascotiense (Gran & Braarud 1935) Balech 1974 (=?Scrippsiella hangoei (J. Schiller 1935) J. 

Larsen 1995) 

1331 Protoperidinium novellus M.A. Faust 2006 (subgenus Testeria) 

1332 Protoperidinium nudum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1333 Protoperidinium nux (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 (=P. levanderi T.H. Abé 1927, P. aequilimbus T.H. Abé 1981) 

1334 Protoperidinium obesum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1335 Protoperidinium obtusipes (L. Mangin 1930) Balech 1974 

1336 Protoperidinium oceanicum (Vanhöffen 1897) Balech 1974 

1337 Protoperidinium okamurai Yoneda & Marukawa 1921 (non Protoperidinium gibberum (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994) 

1338 Protoperidinium orientale (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1339 Protoperidinium ovatoides (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1340 

Protoperidinium ovatum C.H.G. Pouchet 1883 (=P. lenticulatum Fauré-Frem. 1908, Protoperidinium ovatum ssp. 

asymmetricum (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1988, Peridinium ovatum (C.H.G. Pouchet) F. Schütt 1895) 

1341 Protoperidinium oviforme (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974


111 


1342 

1343 

Protoperidinium ovum (J. Schiller 1911) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium nipponicum (T.H. Abé 1927) Balech 1974, 

P. ovum J. Schiller 1911, ?P. ellipsoides P.A. Dangeard 1927, P. ellipsoideum P.A. Dangeard 1927, non P. ovum L. 

Mangin 1912, non Peridinium ovum Matv. 1938) 

Protoperidinium pacificum (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor & Balech ex Balech 1988 (=P. capdevillei 

Balech 1959) Balech 1974, Protoperidinium capdevillei (Balech 1959) Balech 1974, ?P. pacificum Kof. & J.R. 

Michener 1911) 

1344 Protoperidinium paradoxum (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994 

1345 Protoperidinium parapyriforme (Hermosilla 1968) Balech 1974 

1346 Protoperidinium parcum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1347 Protoperidinium parthenopes Zingone & Montresor 1988 

1348 Protoperidinium parvicollum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973 

1349 Protoperidinium parvispinum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974 

1350 Protoperidinium parviventer Balech 1978 (=?P. gracile Gran & Braarud 1935) 

1351 

Protoperidinium paulsenii (Pavill. 1909) Balech 1974 (non P. paulsenii L. Mangin 1911, non P. paulsenii T.H. Abé 

1981, =P. subinerme Paulsen 1931) 

1352 Protoperidinium pedunculatum (F. Schütt 1895) Balech 1974 

1353 Protoperidinium penitum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum N. Peters 1928) 

1354 Protoperidinium perplexum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 

1355 Protoperidinium perradiatum Balech 1978 

1356 

Protoperidinium persicum (J. Schiller 1937) Okolodkov 2008 (=P. schilleri Böhm 1931, P. matzenaueri Böhm 1936, 

P. margalefii E.S. Silva 1965) 

1357 Protoperidinium peruvianum (Balech 1961) Balech 1974 

1358 Protoperidinium pietschmannii (Böhm 1931) Balech 1974 

1359 Protoperidinium platifrons Balech 1999 

1360 Protoperidinium ponticum A. Vershinin & S.L. Morton 2005 (non Peridinium ponticum D. Wall & B. Dale 1973) 

1361 Protoperidinium porosum Balech 1978 

1362 

Protoperidinium pouchetii (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor & Balech ex Balech 1988 (=Per. brintonii 

Balech 1962, P. brintonii (Balech) Balech 1974) 

1363 Protoperidinium pseudoantarcticum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1364 Protoperidinium pseudogranii (N. Peters 1930) Balech 1994 

1365 Protoperidinium pseudopallidum (N. Peters 1930) Balech 1994 

1366 

Protoperidinium pyriforme (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. steinii var. pyriformis Paulsen 1905, P. pyriforme spp. 

pyriforme (Paulsen) Balech 1988, Protoperidinium pyriforme ssp. breve (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1988, =P. breve 

(Paulsen 1907) Balech) 

1367 Protoperidinium pyrum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1368 Protoperidinium quadratum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1369 Protoperidinium quarnerense (Schröd. 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. globulus var. quarnerense Schröd.) 

1370 Protoperidinium radius (Balech 1971) Balech 1976 (=P. concavum subsp. radius Balech) 

1371 Protoperidinium rampii (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1372 Protoperidinium raphanus (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1373 Protoperidinium rectiforme (J. Schiller 1929) Balech 1974 

1374 

Protoperidinium rectum (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. sphaericum Okamura 1912, non P. sphaericum G. Murray 

& Whitting 1899) 

1375 Protoperidinium retiferum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1978 

1376 Protoperidinium rhombiforme (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. rhombiformis T.H. Abé) 

1377 Protoperidinium robustum (Meunier 1910) Hernández-Becerril 1991 

1378 Protoperidinium rosaceum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974 

1379 Protoperidinium roscoffiense (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 

1380 Protoperidinium roseum (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1974

112 GÓMEZ 


1381 

Protoperidinium saltans (Meunier 1910) Balech 1973 (=P. valgus T.H. Abé 1981, non Peridinium saltans Pavill. 

1915) 

1382 Protoperidinium simulum (Paulsen 1931) Balech 1974 

1383 Protoperidinium sinaicum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1384 

Protoperidinium solidicorne (L. Mangin 1922) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium spiniferum (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 

1974, P. spinosum J. Schiller 1937) 

1385 Protoperidinium solitarium (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 

1386 Protoperidinium somma (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1387 

1388 

1389 

Protoperidinium sourniai (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994 (non P. bimucronatum (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1974, 

P. bispinum J. Schiller 1937) 

Protoperidinium sphaericum (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Balech 1974 (non P. sphaericum Okamura 1912, P. 

sphaericum Meunier 1910) 

Protoperidinium sphaeroides (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium globulus (F. Stein 1883) 

Balech 1974) 

1390 Protoperidinium sphaeroideum (L. Mangin 1922) Balech 1974 (=?P. breve Paulsen 1907) 

1391 Protoperidinium spirale (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974 (=P. granii f. spirale Gaarder) 

1392 

1393 

1394 

Protoperidinium spitzbergense (Broch 1910) Balech 1994 (=P. spitzbergense Broch, non P. globulus sensu J. 


Protoperidinium steinii (Jørg. 1899) Balech 1974 (=P. michaelis F. Stein 1883, =?Protoperidinium africanoides 

(Dangeard) Balech 1974) 

Protoperidinium stellatum (D. Wall 1968) Balech 1994 (=P. stellatum D. Wall 1968, non P. compressum T.H. Abé 

1981, Stelladinium stellatum (D. Wall) P.C. Reid 1977) 

1395 Protoperidinium styliferum (J. Schiller 1929) Balech 1974 

1396 Protoperidinium subcrassipes Balech 1988 (=?P. asymmetricum G. Karst. 1907) 

1397 

Protoperidinium subcurvipes (M. Lebour 1923) Balech 1974 (non P. subcurvipes Balech 1959, =Protoperidinium 

lipopodium (Balech 1959) Balech 1974) 

1398 Protoperidinium subinerme (Paulsen 1904) A.R. Loebl. 1970 

1399 Protoperidinium subpunctulatum (Wailes 1928) Balech 1974 

1400 Protoperidinium subpyriforme (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 

1401 Protoperidinium subsphaericum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 

1402 Protoperidinium symmetricum (Halim 1968) Balech 1974 (non P. symmetricum Gaarder 1954) 

1403 Protoperidinium taeningii (Rampi 1950) Balech 1974 

1404 Protoperidinium tatihouense (Fauré-Frem. 1908) Balech 1994 (=P. minutum var. tatihouensis Fauré-Frem. 1908) 

1405 Protoperidinium tenuissimum (Kof. 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. crassiformis T.H. Abé 1981) 

1406 Protoperidinium tohrui Balech 1994 (=P. paulsenii T.H. Abé 1981) 

1407 

Protoperidinium tregouboffii (Halim 1955) Balech 1974 (=?P. brachypus J. Schiller 1937, non P. brachypus T.H. 

Abé 1981) 

1408 Protoperidinium tristylum (F. Stein 1883) Balech 1974 

1409 Protoperidinium truncum (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 

1410 Protoperidinium tuba (J. Schiller 1935) Balech 1974 

1411 Protoperidinium turbinatum (L. Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 

1412 Protoperidinium turgidum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1413 Protoperidinium unipes (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 

1414 Protoperidinium variegatum (N. Peters 1928) Balech 1974 

1415 Protoperidinium ventrale (T.H. Abé 1936) Balech 1974 (=?P. ventricum T.H. Abé 1927) 

1416 Protoperidinium ventricum (T.H. Abé 1927) Balech 1974 

1417 Protoperidinium venustum (Matzen. 1933) Balech 1974 

1418 Protoperidinium verrucosum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974 

1419 Protoperidinium volsella (Margalef 1968) Balech 1974 

1420 Protoperidinium vulgare Balech 1978 (=?P. aliferum Gaarder 1954)


113 


1421 

Protoperidinium wiesneri (J. Schiller) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium wiesneri ssp. wiesneri (J. Schiller 1911) 

Balech 1988, P. angustum (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974, Protoperidinium wiesneri ssp. patagonicum Balech 

1979, P. patagonicum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974) 

1422 Protoperidinium woloszynskae (W. Conrad 1940) Parke & J.D. Dodge 1976 

1423 Protoperidinium yonedai (T.H. Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=?P. latispinum L. Mangin 1926) 

1424 Protoperidinium yserense (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974 

Diplopsaliaceae Matsuoka 1988 

162 Genus of Protoperidiniun depressum 

1425 Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974 

1426 

Protoperidinium depressum (J.W. Bailey 1854) Balech 1974 (=P. parallelum Broch 1906, P. marinum Er. Lindem. 

1925, P. claudicanoides H.W. Graham 1942, Protoperidinium depressum subsp. convexius (Graham 1941) Balech 

1994) 

1427 Protoperidinium latidorsale (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. oblongum var. latidorsale P.A. Dangeard) 

1428 Protoperidinium oblongum (Auriv. 1898) Parke & J.D. Dodge 1976 (=P. divergens var. oblongum Auriv.) 

1429 Protoperidinium rectius (H.W. Graham 1942) Balech 1994 (=P. depressum var. rectius H.W. Graham) 

1430 

Protoperidinium steidingerae Balech 1979 (=P. oblongum (Auriv.) sensu Steid. & I. Williams 1970, non P. oblongum 

(Auriv.) Cleve) 

163 Boreadinium J.D. Dodge & H.B. Hermes 1981 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim) -type B. pisiforme 

1431 Boreadinium breve (T.H. Abé 1981) Sournia 1984 (=Diplopsalis brevis T.H. Abé) 

1432 Boreadinium pisiforme J.D. Dodge & H.B. Hermes 1981 

164 

Diplopelta F. Stein 1883 ex Jørg. 1912 (=Dissodium T.H. Abé 1941 partim, Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim) -type 

D. bomba 

1433 Diplopelta bomba F. Stein ex Jørg. 1912 

1434 

Diplopelta excentrica (=D.S. Nie 1943) Balech (=Diplopsalis excentrica Nie, Dissodium excentricum (D.S. Nie) 

A.R. Loebl., Peridiniopsis excentrica (D.S. Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976, Gotoius excentricus (D.S. Nie) Sournia 1973) 

1435 Diplopelta steinii (T.H. Abé 1941) Balech 1988 (=Diplopsalopsis steinii T.H. Abé) 

165 

1436 

1437 

Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 (Dissodium T.H. Abé 1941 partim, ?Kolkwitziella Er. Lindem. 1919, Apsteinia T.H. Abé 

1981, Entzia M. Lebour (Apstein) M. Lebour 1922 -type D. lenticula 

Diplopsalis lebouriae (D.S. Nie 1943) Balech 1967 (=D. lenticula var. lebouriae D.S. Nie, non Diplopsalis lebouriae 

T.H. Abé 1941, nec T.H. Abé 1981) 

Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh 1881 (=Glen. lenticula (Bergh) J. Schiller 1937, Dissodium lenticulum (Bergh) A.R. 

Loebl. 1970, Peridiniopsis lenticula (Bergh) Starmach 1974) 

1438 Diplopsalis minuta L. Mangin 1912 

1439 Diplopsalis sphaerica Meunier 1910 

1440 

166 

1441 

1442 

Diplopsalis acuta (Apstein 1896) Entz 1904 (=Glen. acutum Apstein 1896, Kolkwitziella acuta (Apstein) Elbr. 

1993, P. latum Paulsen 1908, Kolkwitziella salebrosa Er. Lindem. 1919, Entzia acuta (Apstein) M. Lebour 1922, 

Kolkwitziella salebrosa v. gibbera Er. Lindem. 1924, Kolkwitziella gibbera (Er. Lindem.) Er. Lindem. 1928, Apsteinia 

acuta T.H. Abé 1981 nom. nud.) 

Diplopsalopsis Meunier 1910 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta F. Stein ex Jørg. 1912 partim) -type D. 

orbicularis (8 species) 

Diplopsalopsis bomba (F. Stein 1883) J.D. Dodge & Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopelta bomba F. Stein ex Jørg. 1912, 

Diplopsalis asymmetrica (L. Mangin 1911) Er. Lindem. 1928, ?Diplopsalis asymmetrica (L. Mangin) T.H. Abé 1941, 

Peridiniopsis asymmetrica L. Mangin 1911, Dissodium asymmetricum (L. Mangin) A.R. Loebl. 1970, Diplopelta 

symmetrica Pavill. 1913) 

Diplopsalopsis globula T.H. Abé 1941 (=Diplopelta globulus (T.H. Abé) Balech 1979, Diplopsalopsis asymmetrica 

var. sphaerica L. Mangin 1911, Diplopsalopsis sphaerica (L. Mangin) Balech 1962, Dissodium globula (T.H. Abé) 

J.D. Dodge & H.B. Hermes 1981) 

1443 Diplopsalopsis imitatio (Balech 1979) Balech 1988 (=Protoperidinium imitatio Balech) 

1444 Diplopsalopsis kisselevii M.S. Selina, G.V. Konovalova, A.A. Begun & T.V. Morozova 2008 

1445 Diplopsalopsis latipeltata Balech & B. Borgese 1990 

1446 

Diplopsalopsis orbicularis (Paulsen 1907) Meunier 1910 (=Peridinium orbiculare Paulsen, Diplopsalis orbicularis 

(Paulsen) Paulsen 1930)

114 GÓMEZ 


1447 

1448 

Diplopsalopsis ovata (T.H. Abé 1941) J.D. Dodge & Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalopsis orbicularis (Paulsen 1907) var. 

ovata T.H. Abé 1941) 

Diplopsalopsis pingii (D.S. Nie 1943) J.D. Dodge & Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalis pingii D.S. Nie, Peridiniopsis pingii 

(D.S. Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

167 Dissodium T.H. Abé 1941 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta F. Stein 1883 ex Jørg. 1912 partim) 

1449 

168 

Dissodium parvum T.H. Abé 1941 (=Diplopelta parva (T.H. Abé) Matsuoka 1988, Diplopsalis parvum (T.H. Abé) 

T.H. Abé 1981) 

Gotoius T.H. Abé 1981 ex Matsuoka 1988 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Dissodium T.H. Abé 1941 partim) 

-type G. mutsuensis 

1450 Gotoius abei Matsuoka 1988 

1451 

Gotoius excentricus (D.S. Nie 1943) Sournia 1984 (=Diplopsalis excentrica D.S. Nie 1943, Dissodium excentricum 

(D.S. Nie) A.R. Loebl. 1970, Peridiniopsis excentrica (D.S. Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1452 Gotoius mutsuensis T.H. Abé 1981 ex Matsuoka 1988 

1453 Gotoius ostenfeldii (Steem. Niels. 1931) J.D. Dodge & Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalis ostenfeldii Steem. Niels.) 

169 

Lebouraia T.H. Abé 1941 ex Sournia 1986 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta F. Stein ex Jørg. 1912 

partim) -type L. minuta 

1454 Lebouraia minuta T.H. Abé 1941 (=Diplopsalis minuta (T.H. Abé) T.H. Abé 1981) 

1455 Lebouraia pusilla (Balech & Akselman 1988) J.D. Dodge & Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopelta pusilla Balech & Akselman) 

170 Oblea Balech 1964 (=Peridiniopsis Lemmerm. 1904 partim, Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim) -type O. baculifera 

1456 Oblea acanthocysta H. Kawami, M. Iwataki & Matsuoka 2006 

1457 Oblea baculifera Balech 1964 ex Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 

1458 

1459 

Oblea rotunda (M. Lebour 1922) Balech 1964 ex Sournia 1973 (=Peridiniopsis rotunda M. Lebour, Glenodinium 

rotundum (M. Lebour) J. Schiller 1937, Peridinium limnophilum Er. Lindem. 1924, Peridiniopsis limnophilum (Er. 

Lindem.) Bourr. 1968, Glenodinium rotundum J. Schiller, Diplopsalis rotunda (M. Lebour) E.J.F. Wood 1954, 

Diplopsalis rotundata Steid. & I. Williams 1970) 

Oblea torta (T.H. Abé 1941) Balech 1964 ex Sournia 1973 (=Diplopsalis torta T.H. Abé, Diplopsalis hainanensis 

D.S. Nie 1943, Peridiniopsis hainanensis (D.S. Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

171 Preperidinium L. Mangin 1913 (=Diplopeltopsis Pavill. 1913, Zygabikodinium Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

1460 

1461 

1462 

Preperidinium granulosum (Balech 1958) Elbr. 1993 (=Diplopeltopsis granulosa Balech, Zygabikodinium 

granulatum (Balech) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

Preperidinium meunieri (Pavill. 1907) Elbr. 1993 (=Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh f. minor Paulsen 1907, Zygabikodinium 

lenticulatum Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1970, Peridinium lenticulum L. Mangin 1911, Peridinium paulsenii L. Mangin 

1911, Glenodinium lenticula f. minor (Paulsen 1907) Pavill. 1913, Diplopeltopsis minor (Paulsen 1907) Pavill. 1913, 

Peridiniopsis minor (Paulsen) Starmach 1974) 

Preperidinium perlatum (Balech 1971) Elbr. 1993 (=Diplopeltopsis perlata Balech 1971, Zygabikodinium perlatum 

(Balech) Elbr. 1975) 

1463 Preperidinium pseudo-oblea (Elbr. 1975) Elbr. 1993 (=Zygabikodinium pseudo-oblea Elbr.) 

Heterodiniaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 

172 Dolichodinium Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 

1464 

Dolichodinium lineatum (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 (=Heterodinium lineatum Kof. & 

J.R. Michener) 

173 Heterodinium Kof. 1906 -type H. scrippsiae (46 species) 

1465 Heterodinium agassizii Kof. 1907 

1466 Heterodinium angulatum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1467 Heterodinium asymmetricum Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 

1468 Heterodinium australiae E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1469 Heterodinium balechii Rampi 1951 

1470 Heterodinium blackmanii (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 (=H. curvatum Kof. 1907) 

1471 Heterodinium calvum Kof. 1907 

1472 Heterodinium crassipes J. Schiller 1916 

1473 Heterodinium debeauxii Rampi 1941 

1474 Heterodinium deformatum (Kof. 1907) Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. deformata Kof. 1907)


115 


1475 Heterodinium dispar Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 

1476 Heterodinium doma (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 

1477 Heterodinium dubium Rampi 1941 

1478 Heterodinium elongatum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1479 Heterodinium expansum Kof. 1907 

1480 Heterodinium extremum (Kof. 1907) Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. extrema Kof. 1907) 

1481 Heterodinium fenestratum Kof. 1907 

1482 Heterodinium fides Kof. 1907 

1483 Heterodinium gesticulatum Kof. 1907 (=Peridinium tristylum Hensen 1911) 

1484 Heterodinium gracile Böhm 1936 (=?H. globosum Kof. 1907) 

1485 Heterodinium grahamii Rampi 1941 

1486 Heterodinium hindmarchii (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 

1487 Heterodinium inaequale Kof. 1906 (=H. inaequale (Kof. 1906) J. Schiller 1937, ?H. laticinctum Kof. 1907) 

1488 

Heterodinium kofoidii Pavill. 1915 (=H. pavillardii Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933, non H. kofoidii J. Schiller 1916 =H. 

schilleri Pavill. 1932) 

1489 Heterodinium laeve Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1490 Heterodinium laticeps G. Léger 1972 

1491 Heterodinium laticinctum Kof. 1907 (=?H. kofoidii Pavill. 1915) 

1492 Heterodinium leiorhynchum (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 

1493 

Heterodinium mediocre (Kof. 1907) Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. mediocris Kof., ?H. sinistrum 

Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933) 

1494 Heterodinium mediterraneum Pavill. 1932 

1495 Heterodinium milneri (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 

1496 Heterodinium minutum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1497 Heterodinium murrayi Kof. 1906 (=Peridinium tripos G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

1498 Heterodinium obesum Kof. 1907 

1499 Heterodinium praetextum Kof. 1907 

1500 Heterodinium rigdeniae Kof. 1906 (=H. globosum Kof. 1907, H. longum Kof. 1907, ?H. gracile Böhm 1936) 

1501 

Heterodinium schilleri Pavill. 1932 (=H. kofoidii J. Schiller 1916, non H. kofoidii Pavill. 1915 =H. pavillardii Kof. & 

A.M. Adamson 1933) 

1502 Heterodinium scottii Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 

1503 

1504 

Heterodinium scrippsiae Kof. 1906 (=H. richardii Pavill. 1932, H. pulchrum Böhm 1933, Peridinium areolatum G. 

Karst. 1906) `scrippsii´ non. corr. ICBN: Art. 60.11, Recom. 60C.1, Art. 32.7) 

Heterodinium sinistrum Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 (=H. sinistrum f. sinistrum (Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933) J. 


1505 Heterodinium sphaeroideum Kof. 1906 

1506 Heterodinium spiniferum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1507 Heterodinium superbum Kof. 1907 

1508 Heterodinium trirostre (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1906 

1509 Heterodinium varicator Kof. & A.M. Adamson 1933 

1510 Heterodinium whittingiae Kof. 1906 `whittingae´ 

Order Peridiniales, Family of Ensiculifera 

174 Ensiculifera Balech 1967 -type E. mexicana 

1511 Ensiculifera angulata Balech 1988 

1512 Ensiculifera carinata Matsuoka, S. Kobayashi & Gains 1990 

1513 Ensiculifera imariensis S. Kobayashi & Matsuoka 1995 

1514 

Ensiculifera loeblichii E.R. Cox & H.J. Arnott 1971 (=Pentapharsodinium trachodinium Indel. & A.R. Loebl. 1986, P. 

loeblichii (E.R. Cox & H.J. Arnott) B. Dale 1977)

116 GÓMEZ 


1515 Ensiculifera mexicana Balech 1967 (=Scrippsiella mexicana (Balech) Indel. & A.R. Loebl. 1986) 

175 Pentapharsodinium Indel. & A.R. Loebl. 1986 -type P. dalei 

1516 

1517 

Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum (Balech 1990) Montresor, Zingone & D. Marino 1993 (=P. tyrrhenicum Balech, 

Calcicarpinum bivalvum Versteegh 1993) 

Pentapharsodinium dalei Indel. & A.R. Loebl. 1986 (=P. dalei (Indel. & A.R. Loebl.) Balech 1990, P. faeroense 

Paulsen sensu B. Dale 1977) 

Oxytoxaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 

176 Oxytoxum F. Stein 1883 -type O. scolopax (37 species) 

1518 Oxytoxum adriaticum J. Schiller 1937 

Oxytoxum breve Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (not illustrated) 

1519 Oxytoxum brunellii Rampi 1939 

1520 Oxytoxum caudatum J. Schiller 1937 (=O. nanum Halldal 1953, O. rampii Sournia 1973, O. ligusticum Rampi 1969) 

1521 Oxytoxum challengeroides Kof. 1907 (=?O. minutum Rampi 1941) 

1522 Oxytoxum coronatum J. Schiller 1937 

1523 

Oxytoxum crassum J. Schiller 1937 (=O. globosum J. Schiller 1937, non C. globosum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 

1976) 

1524 Oxytoxum cribosum F. Stein 1883 

1525 Oxytoxum criophilum Balech 1965 

1526 Oxytoxum curvatum (Kof. 1907) Kof. 1911 (=Prorocentrum curvatum Kof.) 

1527 Oxytoxum depressum J. Schiller 1937 

1528 Oxytoxum elongatum E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1529 Oxytoxum gladiolus F. Stein 1883 

1530 Oxytoxum laticeps J. Schiller 1937 

1531 Oxytoxum longum J. Schiller 1937 

1532 Oxytoxum michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954 

1533 Oxytoxum milneri G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=O. subulatum Kof. 1907) 

1534 Oxytoxum minutum Rampi 1941 (=?O. challengeroides Kof. 1907, ?O. lativelatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1535 Oxytoxum mitra F. Stein 1883 

1536 Oxytoxum mucronatum B. Hope 1954 

1537 Oxytoxum obesum Rampi 1969 

1538 Oxytoxum obliquum J. Schiller 1937 

1539 

Oxytoxum ovale J. Schiller 1937 (=O. mediterraneum J. Schiller 1937, O. punctulatum Rampi 1951, O. spinosum 

Rampi 1941, O. lativelatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1540 Oxytoxum ovum Gaarder 1954 (=?C. globosum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

1541 Oxytoxum pachyderme J. Schiller 1937 ex F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1542 Oxytoxum parvum J. Schiller 1937 (=O. tenuistriatum Rampi 1943) 

1543 Oxytoxum pyramidale J.D. Dodge & R.D. Saunders 1985 

1544 Oxytoxum radiosum Rampi 1951 

1545 Oxytoxum robustum Kof. 1911 

1546 Oxytoxum sceptrum (F. Stein 1883) Schröd. 1906 (=O. longiceps J. Schiller 1937, O. aceratum Rampi 1951) 

1547 Oxytoxum schauinslandii Lemmerm. 1905 

1548 Oxytoxum scolopax Stein 1883 

1549 Oxytoxum semicollatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1550 Oxytoxum sphaeroideum F. Stein 1883 (=Oxytoxum boehmii J. Schiller 1937) 

1551 Oxytoxum strophalatum J.D. Dodge & R.D. Saunders 1985 

1552 Oxytoxum turbo Kof. 1907 

1553 Oxytoxum variabile J. Schiller 1937 (=O. gracile J. Schiller 1937) 

1554 Oxytoxum viride J. Schiller 1937


117 


Order Peridiniales sensu lato, Family of Corythodinium 

177 Corythodinium Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 -type C. tessellatum (15 species) 

1555 Corythodinium belgicae (Meunier 1910) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1556 

Corythodinium biconicum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Oxytoxum biconicum (Kof.) J.D. Dodge & R.D. Saunders 

1985, Amphidoma biconica Kof., Murrayella kofoidii Gaarder 1954, Pavillardinium kofoidii (Gaarder) Sournia 1973) 

1557 Corythodinium carinatum (Gaarder 1954) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1558 Corythodinium compressum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1559 Corythodinium constrictum (F. Stein 1883) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Oxytoxum constrictum (F. Stein) Buetschli 1885) 

1560 Corythodinium cristatum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1561 Corythodinium curvicaudatum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1562 Corythodinium diploconus (F. Stein 1883) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1563 Corythodinium elegans (Pavill. 1916) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1564 

1565 

Corythodinium frenguellii (Rampi 1941) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=?C. reticulatum (F. Stein 1883) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 

1966) 

Corythodinium globosum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Murrayella globosa Kof., non O. globosum J. Schiller 

1937) 

1566 Corythodinium latum (Gaarder 1954) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1567 Corythodinium recurvum (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1568 

1569 

Corythodinium reticulatum (F. Stein 1883) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Oxytoxum reticulatum (F. Stein) F. Schütt 

1896, ?O. areolatum Rampi 1941, ?C. frenguellii (Rampi 1941) F.J.R. Taylor 1976, ?C. latum (Gaarder 1954) F.J.R. 

Taylor 1976) 

Corythodinium tessellatum (F. Stein 1883) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Oxytoxum tessellatum (F. Stein) F. Schütt 

1895, O. michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954, C. michaelsarsii (Gaarder) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) `tesselatum´ 

Amphidomataceae Sournia 1984 

178 Amphidoma F. Stein 1883 -type A. nucula (8 species) 

1570 Amphidoma acuminata F. Stein 1883 

1571 Amphidoma curtata Kof. & Swezy 1911 

1572 Amphidoma depressa Kof. & Swezy 1911 

1573 Amphidoma elongata Kof. & Swezy 1911 

1574 Amphidoma laticincta Kof. & Swezy 1911 

1575 

Amphidoma nucula F. Stein 1883 (=A. spinosa (Kof. 1907) Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911, Gonyaulax rouchii Rampi 

1948, Pavillardinium spinosum (Kof. 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1967 ex Sournia 1973, Murrayella spinosa Kof. 1907) 

1576 Amphidoma obtusa Kof. & Swezy 1911 

1577 Amphidoma steinii J. Schiller 1929 

Cladopyxidaceae F. Stein 1883 / Cladopyxidaceae Poche 1913 / Cladopyxididae Poche 1913 

179 Cladopyxis F. Stein 1883 (=Acanthodinium Kof. 1907) -type C. brachiolata 

1578 

Cladopyxis brachiolata F. Stein 1883 (=C. spinosa (Kof. 1907) J. Schiller 1937, C. steinii O. Zacharias 1906, 

Acanthodinium spinosum Kof. 1907) 

1579 Cladopyxis caryophyllum (Kof. 1907) Pavill. 1931 (=Acanthodinium caryophyllum Kof.) 

1580 Cladopyxis hemibrachiata Balech 1964 

1581 Cladopyxis quadrispina Pavill. 1931 (=Micracanthodinium quadrispinum (Pavill.) Margalef 1969) 

180 Micracanthodinium Deflandre 1937 (=Cladopyxis F. Stein 1883 partim) -type M. setiferum 

1582 Micracanthodinium bacilliferum (J. Schiller 1937) Deflandre 1937 (=C. bacillifera J. Schiller) 

1583 Micracanthodinium claytonii (R.W. Holmes 1956) J.D. Dodge 1982 (=C. claytonii R.W. Holmes) 

1584 Micracanthodinium setiferum (Lohmann 1902) Deflandre 1937 (=C. setifera Lohmann) 

181 Palaeophalacroma J. Schiller 1928 (=Epiperidinium Gaarder 1954, Sinodinium D.S. Nie 1945) -type P. verrucosum 

1585 Palaeophalacroma connectens (D.S. Nie 1945) A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Sinodinium connectens D.S. Nie) 

1586 Palaeophalacroma sphaericum F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

1587 

Palaeophalacroma unicinctum J. Schiller 1928 (=Heterodinium detonii Rampi 1943, Epiperidinium michaelsarsii 

Gaarder 1954)

118 GÓMEZ 


1588 Palaeophalacroma verrucosum J. Schiller 1928 

Order Peridiniales sensu lato, Family Endodiniaceae J. Schiller 1935 

182 Endodinium Hovasse 1922 

1589 

1590 

Endodinium chattonii Hovasse 1922 (=Zooxanthella chattonii (Hovasse) Hovasse 1924, Scrippsiella chattonii 

(Hovasse) A.T. Banaszak, R. Iglesias-Prieto & R.K. Trench 1993, Amphidinium chattonii (Hovasse) D.L. Taylor 

1971) 

Endodinium nutricula (J. Brandt 1883) Hollande & Carre 1975 (=Zooxanthella nutricula J. Brandt, Scrippsiella 

nutricula (J. Brandt) Banaszak, Iglesias-Prieto & R.K. Trench 1993) 

1591 Scrippsiella velellae Banaszak, Iglesias-Prieto & R.K. Trench 1993 ex R.K. Trench 2000 

1592 Gloeodinium viscum A.T. Banaszak, R. Iglesias-Prieto & R.K. Trench 1993 

Order Peridiniales sensu lato, Family of Amphidoma caudata 

1593 Amphidoma caudata Halldal 1953 (=Oxytoxum tonollii Rampi 1969, O. margalefii Rampi 1969) 

183 Azadinium Elbr. & Tillmann 2009 

1594 Azadinium obesum Tillmann & Elbr. 2010 

1595 Azadinium poporum Tillmann & Elbr. 2011 

1596 Azadinium spinosum Elbr. & Tillmann 2009 

Order Peridiniales, incertae sedis 

1597 Gloeodinium marinum Bouquaheux 1971 

184 Adenoides Balech 1956 -type A. eludens 

1598 Adenoides eludens (Herdman 1922) Balech 1956 (=Amphidinium eludens Herdman) 

1599 

Adenoides kofoidii (Herdman 1922) J.D. Dodge 1982 (=Amphidinium kofoidii Herdman, non Amphidinium kofoidii 

var. petasatum Herdman 1924) 

185 Archaeosphaerodiniopsis Rampi 1943 

1600 Archaeosphaerodiniopsis verrucosa Rampi 1943 

186 Bysmatrum M.A. Faust & Steid. 1998 -type B. subsalsum 

1601 Bysmatrum arenicola T. Horig. & Pienaar 2000 (=Scrippsiella arenicola T. Horig. & Pienaar 1988) 

1602 Bysmatrum caponii (T. Horig. & Pienaar 1988) M.A. Faust & Steid. 1998 

1603 Bysmatrum granulosum Ten-Hage, J.P. Quod, J. Turquet & Couté 2001 

1604 

Bysmatrum subsalsum (Ostenf. 1908) M.A. Faust & Steid. 1998 (=P. subsalsum Ostenf., Scrippsiella subsalsa 

(Ostenf.) Steid. & Balech 1977) 

1605 Bysmatrum teres Sh. Murray, Hoppenrath, J. Larsen & D.J. Patterson 2006 

187 Cabra Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2004 -type C. matta 

1606 Cabra aremorica Chomérat, Couté & Nézan 2010 

1607 Cabra matta Sh. Murray & D.J. Patterson 2004 

1608 Cabra reticulata Chomérat & Nézan 2009 

188 Peridiniella Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 -type P. sphaeroidea 

1609 

1610 

1611 

Peridiniella catenata (Levander 1894) Balech 1977 (=Gonyaulax catenata (Levander) Kof. 1911, P. catenatum 

Levander, Amylax catenata Meunier 1910) 

Peridiniella danica (Paulsen 1907) Okolodkov & J.D. Dodge 1995 (=Glenodinium danicum Paulsen 1907 ex 

Braarud 1935 partim) 

Peridiniella globosa (P.A. Dangeard 1927) Okolodkov 2006 (=Protoper. globosum (P.A. Dangeard) Balech 1974, 

?Gonyaulax paulsenii Gaarder 1954) 

1612 Peridiniella sphaeroidea Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

189 Planodinium R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984 

1613 Planodinium striatum R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984 

190 Pseudothecadinium Hoppenrath & M.S. Selina 2006 

1614 Pseudothecadinium campbellii Hoppenrath & M.S. Selina (=Thecadinium aureum P.H. Campb. 1973) 

191 Rhinodinium Sh. Murray, Hoppenrath, S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J. Larsen 2006 

1615 Rhinodinium broomeense Sh. Murray, Hoppenrath, S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J. Larsen 2006


119 


192 Sabulodinium R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984 

1616 

Sabulodinium undulatum R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984 (=Phalacroma kofoidii var. (colourless variety) 

Herdman 1924) 

193 Thecadiniopsis Croome, Hallegr. & P.A. Tyler 1987 

1617 Thecadiniopsis tasmanica Croome, Hallegr. & P.A. Tyler 1987 

194 Vulcanodinium Nézan & Chomérat 2011 

1618 Vulcanodinium rugosum Nézan & Chomérat 2011 


Tovelliaceae Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 

195 Bernardinium Chodat 1924 -type. B. bernardiense 

1619 

Bernardinium bernardinense Chodat 1924 (=Glenodinium bernardinense Chodat & Zender 1923, Hemidinium 

bernardinense (Chodat) Hub.-Pest. 1950, H. salinum Anisimova 1926, H. thiophilum W. Conrad 1939, Bernardinium 

thiophilum (W. Conrad) Javorn. 1962, ?Esoptrodinium gemma Javorn. 1997) 

1620 Bernardinium salinum (Anisimova 1926) Javorn. 1962 (=Hemidinium salinum Anisimova) 

1621 Bernardinium ucrainicum (Proshk.-Lavr. 1945) P. Javorn. 1997 (=Hemidinium ucrainicum Proshk.-Lavr.) 

196 Esoptrodinium Javorn. 1997 -type E. gemma 

1622 

Esoptrodinium gemma Javorn. 1997 (=Bernardinium bernardinense sensu auctt. non sensu Chodat, ?B. 

bernardinense Chodat 1924, Hemidinium bernardinense (Chodat) Hub.-Pest. 1950, H. soligenum Skuja 1964) 

1623 Esoptrodinium soligenum (Skuja 1964) Javorn. 1997 (=?Esoptrodinium gemma) 

1624 

Esoptrodinium thiophilum (W. Conrad 1939) Javorn. 1997 (=?Bernardinium thiophilum (W. Conrad 1939) Javorn. 

1962, H. thiophilum W. Conrad 1939) 

197 Jadwigia Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 

1625 Jadwigia applanata Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 

198 Katodinium Fott 1957 (=Massartia Conrad 1926) -type K. nieuportense (32 species) 

1626 Katodinium astigmatum Christen 1959 

1627 

Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart 1900) Loebl. 1965 (=Gymnodinium asymmetricum Massart, M. asymmetrica 

(Massart) J. Schiller 1933) 

1628 Katodinium auratum Bursa 1970 

1629 Katodinium bohemicum (Fott) Litvin. 1977 (=Gymnodinium bohemicum Fott 1938) 

1630 Katodinium edax (J. Schiller 1954) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=M. edax J. Schiller) 

1631 Katodinium fontinalis C.E.M. Bicudo & Skvortsov 1970 

1632 

Katodinium fungiforme (Anisimova 1920) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Gymnodinium fungiforme Anisimova 1920, M. 

crassifilum J. Schiller 1954, K. crassifilum (J. Schiller) A.R. Loebl. 1965, M. austriacum J. Schiller 1955, K. 

austriacum (J. Schiller) A.R. Loebl. 1965, Gym. blax T.M. Harris 1940) 

1633 Katodinium galeatum (W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Massartia galeata Conrad & Kuff.) 

1634 Katodinium glandula (Herdman 1924) A.R. Loebl. 1965 

1635 Katodinium glaucum (M. Lebour 1917) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Gyrodinium glaucum (M. Lebour) Kof. & Swezy 1921) 

1636 

1637 

Katodinium hiemale (J. Schiller 1954) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Gymnodinium hiemale (J. Schiller) Popovský 1984, M. 

hiemalis J. Schiller) 

Katodinium hyperxanthum (T.M. Harris 1940) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=M. hyperxanthoides T.H. Harris, K. hyperxanthoides 

(T.M. Harris) A.R. Loebl., K. molopicum (T.M. Harris 1940) A.R. Loebl. 1965) 

1638 Katodinium intermedium Christen 1959 

1639 Katodinium mazuricum Javorn. 1965 

1640 

Katodinium monadicum (Perty 1852) Javorn. 1970 (=Katodinium polyplastidum Popovský 1968, Gymnodinium 

monadicum (Perty) Kent 1880) 

1641 Katodinium montanum (J. Schiller 1955) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Massartia montana J. Schiller) 

1642 Katodinium nieuportense (W. Conrad 1926) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 

1643 Katodinium planum (Fott 1938) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=M. plana Fott) 

1644 Katodinium pluristigmatum P.H. Campb. 1973 

1645 Katodinium ruppiae (W. Conrad 1939) A.R. Loebl. 1965

120 GÓMEZ 


1646 Katodinium sanctipaulense C.E.M. Bicudo & Skortzov 1970 

1647 

Katodinium schilleri (Wolosz. 1936) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=M. schilleri Wolosz., M. ptyrtica T.M. Harris 1940, K. 

ptyrticum (T.M. Harris 1940) A.R. Loebl. 1965) 

1648 Katodinium simile Christen 1961 

1649 Katodinium spirodinioides Christen 1961 

1650 

1651 

Katodinium stigmaticum (Er. Lindem. 1928) A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Gymnodinium stigmaticum Er. Lindem., M. 

campylops T.M. Harris 1940, Katodinium campylops (T.M. Harris 1940) Loebl. III 1965, K. astigmatum Christen 

1959) 

Katodinium thiophila (W. Conrad 1939) Hulburt, J.J.A. McLaughlin & P.A. Zahl (=K. thiophilum (W. Conrad) A.R. 

Loebl. 1965) 

1652 Katodinium tubulatum (Rampi 1969) Sournia 1973 (=M. tubulata Rampi) 

1653 Katodinium uncinatum (W. Conrad & Kuff. 1957) A.R. Loebl. 1965 1965 (=M. uncinata W. Conrad & Kuff. 1954) 

1654 Katodinium vierae Javorn. 1970 

1655 Katodinium notatum (Skuja) Christen 1961 (=?Opisthoaulax piscinalis (Fott 1957) Calado 2011) 

1656 Katodinium piscinale Fott 1957 (=?Opisthoaulax piscinalis (Fott 1957) Calado 2011) 

1657 

Katodinium viride Christen 1961 (=?K. vernale Chirsten 1961, ?M. pratensis Baumeister 1943, ?K. pratensis 

(Baumeister) A.R. Loebl. 1965, ?K. pratense (Baumeister) Christen, ?Opisthoaulax vorticella (F. Stein 1878) 

Calado 2011) 

199 Opisthoaulax Calado 2011 (=Massartia Conrad 1926, Katodinium Fott 1957) -type O. vorticella 

1658 

1659 

1660 

1661 

1662 

1663 

1664 

Opisthoaulax campylops (T.M. Harris 1940) Calado 2011 (=M. campylops T.M. Harris 1940, K. campylops (T.M. 

Harris) A.R. Loeblich 1965) 

Opisthoaulax fastigata (B. Kirchhoff & Barbara Mey. 1995) Calado 2011 (=K. fastigatum B. Kirschhoff & Barbara 

Mey. 1995) 

Opisthoaulax musei (Danysz 1886) Calado 2011 (=Gymnodinium musei Danysz, M. musei (Danysz) J. Schiller 

(1933, K. musei (Danysz) A.R. Loeblich 1965, ?Opisthoaulax woloszynskae (J. Schiller 1933) Calado 2011) 

`musaei´ 

Opisthoaulax piscinalis (Fott 1957) Calado 2011 (=K. piscinale Fott, ?O. woloszynskae (J. Schiller 1933) Calado 

2011) 

Opisthoaulax tetragonops (T.M. Harris 1940) Calado 2011 (=M. tetragonops T.M. Harris, K. tetragonops (T.M. 

Harris) A.R. Loeblich 1965) 

Opisthoaulax vorticella (F. Stein 1878) Calado 2011 (=Gymnodinium vorticella F. Stein, Gyrodinium vorticella 

(F. Stein) Er. Lindemann (1924), M. vorticella (F. Stein) J. Schiller 1933, K. vorticella (F. Stein) A.R. Loeblich 

1965, Gymnodinium stigmaticum Er. Lindemann 1928, ?K. viride Christen 1961, ?K. vernale Chirsten 1961, ?M. 

pratensis Baumeister 1943, ?K. pratensis (Baumeister) A.R. Loebl. 1965, ?K. pratense (Baumeister) Christen) 

Opisthoaulax woloszynskae (J. Schiller 1933) Calado 2011 (=M. woloszynskae J. Schiller, Spirodinium vorticella 

Wolosz., K. woloszynskae (J. Schiller 1933) A.R. Loebl. 1965, M. woloszynskae J. Schiller 1933, ?K. musei 

(Danysz) A.R. Loebl., ?K. piscinale Fott 1957, ?K.notatum (Skuja) Christen 1961, non M. vorticella (F. Stein) J. 

Schiller) 

200 Tovellia Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Woloszynskia R.H. Thomps. 1951) -type T. coronata 

1665 Tovellia apiculata (Stosch 1973) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Woloszynskia apiculata Stosch) 

1666 

Tovellia coronata (Wolosz. 1918) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Gym. coronatum Wolosz., ?W. 

coronata (Wolosz.) R.H.Thompson 1951) 

1667 Tovellia glabra (Wolosz. 1918) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Gymnodinium glabra Wolosz.) 

1668 

1669 

1670 

1671 

Tovellia leopoliensis (Wolosz. 1918) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Gym. leopoliense Wolosz., 

W. leopoliensis (Wolosz.) R.H. Thompson 1951) 

Tovellia nygaardii (Christen 1958) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Gym. nygaardii Christen, W. 

nygaardii (Christen) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

Tovellia sanguinea Moestrup, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg, Flaim & D´Andrea 2006 (=Glen. pulvisculus var. oculatum 

Largajolli 1907, Glen. sanguineum Marchesoni 1941, non Glen. sanguineum (H.J. Carter 1858) Diesing 1866) 

Tovellia stoschii (Christen 1958) Moestrup, K.C.R. Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2005 (=Woloszynskia stoschii R. Shyam 

& Y.S.R.K. Sarma 1976) 

Woloszynskiaceae Bourr. 1970 ex Starmach 1974 

201 Woloszynskia R.H. Thomps. 1951 -type W. reticulata 

1672 Woloszynskia limnetica Bursa 1958


121 


1673 Woloszynskia neglecta (A.J. Schill. 1891) R.H. Thomps. 1951 (=Glenodinium neglectum A.J. Schill.) 

1674 Woloszynskia ordinata (Skuja 1939) R.H. Thomps. 1950 (=Gymnodinium ordinatum Skuja 1939) 

1675 Woloszynskia reticulata R.H. Thomps. 1951 

1676 

Woloszynskia tylota (Mapletoft, J. Waters & P. Wells 1966) Bibby & J.D. Dodge 1972 (=Gymnodinium tylotum 

Mapletoft, J. Waters & P. Wells) 

Uncertain order, Apodiniaceae Chatton 1920 

202 Apodinium Chatton 1907 -type A. mycetoides 

1677 Apodinium chattonii (Cachon 1964) Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1973 (=Parapodinium chattonii Cachon) 

1678 Apodinium floodii N. McLean & C.P. Galt 1990 

1679 Apodinium mycetoides Chatton 1907 

1680 Apodinium rhizophorum Chatton 1912 (=?Parapodinium catenaria Cachon 1964) 

1681 Apodinium zygorhizum Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1973 (=Parapodinium catenaria Cachon 1964) 

203 Parapodinium Chatton 1920 -type P. stylipes 

1682 Parapodinium stylipes Chatton 1920 

1683 Parapodinium catenaria Cachon 1964 

Order Actiniscales Sournia 1984 

Actiniscaceae Kützing 1844 (incl. Gymnasteraceae Er. Lindem. 1928) 

204 Actiniscus Ehrenb. 1843 (=Diaster Meunier 1910, Gymnaster F. Schütt 1891) -type A. pentasterias 

1684 Actiniscus canadensis Bursa 1969 

1685 

Actiniscus pentasterias (Ehrenb. 1840) Ehrenb. 1854 (=Dictyocha pentasterias Ehrenb., Gymnaster pentasterias 

(Ehrenb.) F. Schütt 1891, Diaster macrokaryon Meunier 1910, Gymnaster striatum Meunier 1910, G. helix Meunier 

1910) 

Dicroerismataceae Fensome & al. 1993 

205 Dicroerisma F.J.R. Taylor & Cattell 1969 

1686 Dicroerisma psilonereiella F.J.R. Taylor & Cattell 1969 

Order Amphilothales Er. Lindem. 1928 

Amphitholaceae Poche 1913 / Amphilothaceae 

206 Achradina Lohmann 1902 -type A. pulchra 

1687 

Achradina pulchra Lohmann 1902 (=A. pulchra f. truncata Nival 1969, A. pulchra f. spatulata Nival 1969, A. pulchra 

f. nervosa Nival 1969, A. pulchra f. aciculata Nival 1969) 

1688 Achradina angusta Lohmann 1919 (=A. pulchra f. angustata (Lohmann) Nival 1969) 

1689 Achradina reticulata Lohmann 1919 (=A. pulchra f. reticulata (Lohmann) Nival 1969) 

1690 Achradina sulcata Lohmann 1919 (=A. pulchra f. sulcata (Lohmann) Nival 1969) 

207 Amphilothus Kof. 1907 ex Poche 1913 (=Amphitholus F. Schütt 1895, Monaster F. Schütt) -type A. elegans 

1691 Amphitholus elegans F. Schütt 1895 (=A. elegans (F. Schütt) Er. Lindem. 1928) 

1692 Amphilothus quincuncialis Kof. 1907 

Order Prorocentrales Lemmerm. 1910 

Haplodiniaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 

208 Haplodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 (=?Exuviaella Cienk.) -type H. antjoliense 

1693 Haplodinium antjoliense G.A. Klebs 1912 (=?Prorocentrum foveolata Croome & P.A. Tyler 1987) 

1694 Haplodinium indicum Subrahman. 1966 

1695 Haplodinium iyengaricum Subrahman. 1966 

1696 Haplodinium jonesianum Subrahman. 1966 

Prorocentraceae F. Stein 1883 

209 

Prorocentrum pro Exuviaella Cienk. 1881 (=Dinopyxis F. Stein 1883, ?Haplodinium G.A. Klebs 1912) -type E. 

marina (29 species) 

1697 Exuviaella cavanillesiana P. González 1945 

1698 Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A. Faust 1993

122 GÓMEZ 


1699 Prorocentrum borbonicum Ten-Hage, J. Turquet, J.P. Quod, Puiseux-Dao & Couté 2000 

1700 Prorocentrum caribbaeum M.A. Faust 1993 

1701 Prorocentrum cassubicum (Wolosz. 1928) J.D. Dodge 1975 

1702 Prorocentrum clipeus Hoppenrath 2000 

1703 

Prorocentrum compressum (J.W. Bailey 1851) T.H. Abé ex J.D. Dodge 1975 (=E. oblonga J. Schiller 1928, E. 

elongata Rampi 1951, E. compressa Ostenf. 1899, P. bidens J. Schiller 1928, non P. lenticulatum (Matzen.) 

F.J.R. Taylor 1976, nec P. lebouriae J. Schiller 1928, P. hentschlii J. Schiller 1933 in J.D. Dodge 1982, Dinopyxis 

compressa (J.W. Bailey) F. Stein) 

1704 Prorocentrum concavum Fukuyo 1981 (=Prorocentrum arabianum S.L. Morton & M.A. Faust 2002) 

1705 Prorocentrum consutum Chomérat & Nézan 2010 

1706 

Prorocentrum dactylus (F. Stein 1883) J.D. Dodge 1975 (=E. dactylus (F. Stein) F. Schütt 1895, Dinopyxis dactylus 

F. Stein) 

1707 Prorocentrum elegans M.A. Faust 1993 

1708 Prorocentrum faustiae S.L. Morton 1998 

1709 Prorocentrum foraminosum M.A. Faust 1993 

1710 Prorocentrum formosum M.A. Faust 1993 

1711 

Prorocentrum foveolatum Croome & P.A. Tyler 1987 (=E. lima var. scrobiculata Playfair,? Haplodinium antjoliense 

G.A. Klebs 1912) 

1712 Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A. Faust 1990 (=E. hoffmanniana (M.A. Faust) J.L. McLachlan & Boalch 1997) 

1713 Prorocentrum leve M.A. Faust, M.W. Vandersea, S.R. Kibler, P.A. Tester & R.W. Litaker 2008 `levis´ 

1714 

Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenb. 1860) J.D. Dodge 1975 (=P. arenarium M.A. Faust 1994, E. marina Cienk. 1881, E. 

caspica Kisselev 1940, E. lima (Ehrenb.) Buetschli 1885, Dinopyxis laevis F. Stein 1883, E. laevis (F. Stein) Schröd. 

1900, E. chathamensis Lemmerm. 1907, E. cincta J. Schiller 1918, E. ostenfeldii J. Schiller 1931, Prorocentrum 

marinum J.D. Dodge & Bibby 1973) 

1715 Prorocentrum maculosum M.A. Faust 1993 (=E. maculosa (M.A. Faust) J.L. McLachlan & Boalch 1997) 

1716 Prorocentrum norrisianum M.A. Faust 1997 

1717 Prorocentrum playfairii Croome & P.A. Tyler 1987 (=E. lima var. major Playfair 1920) 

1718 

Prorocentrum pusillum (J. Schiller 1928) A.R. Loebl. 1976 (=E. pusilla J. Schiller 1928, non P. nanum J. Schiller 

1918) 

1719 Prorocentrum reticulatum M.A. Faust 1997 

1720 Prorocentrum rivalis D. Delmail, P. Labrousse, P. Crassous, P. Hourdin, M. Guri & M. Botineau 2011 

1721 Prorocentrum ruetzlerianum M.A. Faust 1990 

1722 Prorocentrum sabulosum M.A. Faust 1994 

1723 Prorocentrum sipadanensis Mohammad-Noor, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2007 

1724 Prorocentrum tropicale M.A. Faust 1997 

1725 Prorocentrum vietnamensis J.S. Yoo & Fukuyo 2004 

210 Mesoporos Lillick 1937 (=Porella J. Schiller 1928, Dinoporella Halim 1960, Porotheca P.C. Silva) -type M. globulus 

1726 Mesoporos parthasarathicus Subrahman. 1966 

1727 

Mesoporos perforatus (Gran 1915) Lillick 1937 (=Porella adriatica J. Schiller 1928, P. asymmetrica J. Schiller 

1933, P. bisimpressa J. Schiller 1928, P. globulus J. Schiller 1928, M. globulus (J. Schiller) Lillick, Dinoporella 

globulus (J. Schiller) Halim 1960, Dinoporella perforata (Gran 1915) Gran 1928, Porotheca perforata (Gran) P.C. 

Silva 1960) 

211 Prorocentrum Ehrenb. 1834 sensu stricto (=Postprorocentrum Gourret 1883) -type P. micans (34 species) 

1728 

Prorocentrum aporum (J. Schiller 1928) J.D. Dodge 1975 (=P. antarcticum (Y. Hada 1970) Balech 1976, E. granii 

Gaarder 1938) 

1729 Prorocentrum arcuatum Issel 1928 

1730 

1731 

Prorocentrum balticum (Lohmann 1908) A.R. Loebl. 1970 (=P. pomoideum Bursa 1959,?P. ponticum Krachmalny 

& Terenko 2002) 

Prorocentrum dentatum F. Stein 1883 (=P. donghaiense D. Lu 2001,=?P. obtusidens J. Schiller 1928, ?P. 

monacense Kuff. 1957, non P. veloi Osorio-Tafall 1942, non P. shikokuense Y. Hada 1975) 

1732 Prorocentrum emarginatum Fukuyo 1981 

1733 Prorocentrum fukuyoi Sh. Murray & Y. Nagah. 2007


123 


1734 Prorocentrum gracile F. Schütt 1895 (=P. diamantinae E.J.F. Wood 1963, non P. sigmoides Böhm 1933) 

1735 Prorocentrum lebouriae J. Schiller 1928 (non P. compressum (J.W. Bailey 1850) T.H. Abé ex J.D. Dodge 1975) 

1736 

Prorocentrum lenticulatum (Matzen. 1933) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=E. lenticulata Matzen., non P. compressum (J.W. 

Bailey 1850) T.H. Abé ex J.D. Dodge 1975, ?E. aequatorialis Hasle 1960) 

1737 Prorocentrum magnum (Gaarder 1954) J.D. Dodge 1975 

1738 

Prorocentrum maximum (Gourret 1883) J. Schiller 1937 (=P. brochii J. Schiller 1918, non P. mexicanum Osorio- 

Tafall 1942) 

1739 Prorocentrum mexicanum Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. rhathymum A.R. Loebl., J.L. Sherley & R.J. Schmidt 1979) 

1740 

1741 

Prorocentrum micans Ehrenb. 1834 (=P. schilleri Böhm 1933, P. gibbosum (J. Schiller 1929) J. Schiller 1933, P. 

levantoides Bursa 1959, P. pacificum E.J.F. Wood 1963, non E. pacifica Kusjmina 1960) 

Prorocentrum minimum (Pavill. 1916) J. Schiller 1931 (=E. minima Pavill. 1916, E. apora J. Schiller, P. triangulatum 

G.W. Martin 1929, E. marie-lebouriae Parke & D. Ballant. 1957, P. minimum var. triangulatum (G.W. Martin) Hulburt 

1965, P. cordiforme Bursa 1959, ?P. cordatum (Ostenf.) J.D. Dodge 1975) 

1742 Prorocentrum nanum J. Schiller 1918 (non P. pusillum (J. Schiller 1928) A.R. Loebl. 1976) 

1743 Prorocentrum nux Puigserver & Zingone 2002 

1744 Prorocentrum obtusidens J. Schiller 1928 (=?P. dentatum F. Stein 1883) 

1745 Prorocentrum obtusum Ostenf. 1908 

1746 Prorocentrum ovum (J. Schiller 1918) J.D. Dodge 1975 

1747 Prorocentrum ponticus Krachmalny & Terenko 2002 (=?P. balticum (Lohmann 1908) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

1748 Prorocentrum redfieldii Bursa 1959 (=?P. triestinum J. Schiller 1918) 

1749 Prorocentrum rhathymum A.R. Loebl., J.L. Sherley & R.J. Schmidt 1979 (non P. mexicanum Osorio-Tafall 1942) 

1750 Prorocentrum robustum Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. scutellum Schröd. 1900) 

1751 Prorocentrum rostratum F. Stein 1883 (=P. styliferum Lohmann 1920, P. tenue Lohmann 1920) 

1752 Prorocentrum rotundatum J. Schiller 1928 (=P. cornutum J. Schiller 1918) 

1753 Prorocentrum sculptile M.A. Faust 1994 

1754 Prorocentrum scutellum Schröd. 1900 (=P. sphaeroideum J. Schiller 1928, non P. robustum Osorio-Tafall 1942) 

1755 Prorocentrum shikokuense Y. Hada 1975 (=?P. donghaiense D. Lu 2001, non P. dentatum F. Stein 1883) 

1756 Prorocentrum sigmoides Böhm 1933 (non P. gracile F. Schütt 1895) 

1757 

Prorocentrum triestinum J. Schiller 1918 (=P. setoutii Y. Hada 1975, non P. shikokuense Y. Hada 1975, ?P. redfieldii 

Bursa 1959, P. pyrenoideum Bursa 1959) 

1758 Prorocentrum tsawwassenense Hoppenrath & B.S. Leander 2008 

1759 

Prorocentrum vaginula (F. Stein 1883) J.D. Dodge 1975 (=P. adriaticum J. Schiller 1918, Dinopyxis vaginula F. 

Stein) 

1760 Prorocentrum veloi Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. dentatum F. Stein 1883) 

1761 Prorocentrum venetum Tolomio & Cavolo 1985 

Order Prorocentrales, Family of Prorocentrum panamense 

212 Genus of Prorocentrum panamense 

1762 Prorocentrum panamense Grzebyk, Y. Sako & B. Berland 1998 

1763 Prorocentrum glenanicum Chomérat & Nézan 2011 

1764 Prorocentrum pseudopanamense Chomérat & Nézan 2011 

Order Prorocentrales, Family of Plagiodinium 

213 Plagiodinium M.A. Faust & Balech 1993 

1765 Plagiodinium belizeanum M.A. Faust & Balech 1993 

Order Dinophysales Er. Lindem. 1928 

Amphisoleniaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 

214 Amphisolenia F. Stein 1883 -type A. globifera (37 species) 

1766 Amphisolenia acuta S. Gul & Saifullah 2007 

1767 Amphisolenia astragalus Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911

124 GÓMEZ 


1768 Amphisolenia asymmetrica Kof. 1907 

1769 Amphisolenia bidentata Schröd. 1900 (non A. bidentata Pavill. 1916, non A. bidentata Okamura 1907) 

1770 Amphisolenia bifurcata G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=A. thrinax O. Zacharias 1906, A. projecta Kof. 1907) 

1771 Amphisolenia biprojecta Saifullah & D. Hassan 1973 

1772 Amphisolenia bispinosa Kof. 1907 

1773 Amphisolenia brevicauda Kof. 1907 

1774 Amphisolenia clavipes Kof. 1907 

1775 Amphisolenia complanata Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1776 Amphisolenia curvata Kof. 1907 

1777 Amphisolenia deltiana S. Gul & Saifullah 2007 

1778 Amphisolenia elegans Böhm 1933 

1779 Amphisolenia elongata Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1780 Amphisolenia extensa Kof. 1907 

1781 Amphisolenia fusiformis Ceballos-Corona & Hernández-Becerril 2008 

1782 Amphisolenia globifera F. Stein 1883 (=A. globosa Gran 1912, A. tenella Gran 1912) 

1783 Amphisolenia inflata G. Murray & Whitting 1899 

1784 Amphisolenia laticincta Kof. 1907 

1785 Amphisolenia lemmermannii Kof. 1907 

1786 Amphisolenia michoacana Ceballos-Corona & Hernández-Becerril 2008 

1787 Amphisolenia microcephalus T.H. Abé 1967 

1788 Amphisolenia mozambica Sournia 1967 (=?A. sigma Halim 1965) 

1789 Amphisolenia nizamuddinii S. Mansoor & Saifullah 1995 

1790 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides Kof. 1907 

1791 Amphisolenia palmata F. Stein 1883 

1792 Amphisolenia quadricauda Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=A. quinquecauda Kof. 1907) 

1793 Amphisolenia quadrispina Kof. 1907 

1794 Amphisolenia rectangulata Kof. 1907 

1795 Amphisolenia schauinslandii Lemmerm. 1899 

1796 Amphisolenia schroederi Kof. 1907 

1797 Amphisolenia sigma Halim 1965 (=?A. spinulosa Kof. 1907, ?A. mozambica Sournia 1967) 

1798 Amphisolenia spinulosa Kof. 1907 

1799 Amphisolenia taylorii Saifullah & D. Hassan 1973 

1800 Amphisolenia testa Balech 1962 

1801 Amphisolenia thrinax F. Schütt 1893 (non A. thrinax O. Zacharias 1906) 

1802 Amphisolenia truncata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

215 Triposolenia Kof. 1906 -type A. truncata (10 species) 

1803 Triposolenia ambulathrix Kof. 1907 (non T. ambulathrix Jørg. 1923) 

1804 Triposolenia bicornis Kof. 1906 

1805 Triposolenia depressa Kof. 1906 (=T. ambulathrix Jørg. 1923) 

1806 Triposolenia exilis Kof. 1906 

1807 Triposolenia fallax Hernández-Becerril & Meave del Castillo 1999 

1808 Triposolenia fatula Kof. 1907 

1809 Triposolenia intermedia Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1810 Triposolenia longicornis Kof. 1907 

1811 Triposolenia ramiciformis Kof. 1906 

1812 Triposolenia truncata Kof. 1906


125 


Oxyphysaceae Sournia 1984 

216 Dinofurcula Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 -type D. ultima 

1813 Dinofurcula ultima (Kof. 1906) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1814 Dinofurcula ventralis Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

217 Latifascia Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Heteroschisma Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) -type L. inaequale 

1815 Latifascia inaequale (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1966 (=Heteroschisma inaequale Kof. & Skogsb.) 

1816 Latifascia subantarctica (Balech 1971) Okolodkov 2006 (=Heteroschisma subantarcticum Balech) 

218 Proheteroschisma L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 

1817 Proheteroschisma connectens L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 

219 Phalacroma F. Stein 1883 (=Oxyphysis Kof. 1926, Prodinophysis Balech 1944) -type P. porodictyum (69 species) 

1818 Dinophysis micropterygia P.A. Dangeard 1927 

1819 Phalacroma alatum E.J.F. Wood 1954 (=D. paralata Sournia 1973) 

1820 Phalacroma biceps (J. Schiller 1928) J. Schiller 1933 (=D. biceps J. Schiller) 

1821 Phalacroma bipartitum Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. bipartita (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1822 Phalacroma circumcinctum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. circumcincta (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1823 Phalacroma circumsutum G. Karst. 1907 (=D. circumsuta (G. Karst.) Balech 1967) 

1824 Phalacroma complanatum Gaarder 1954 

1825 

1826 

Phalacroma contractum Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. contracta (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) Balech 1967, Ph. ruudii 

Braarud 1935) 

Phalacroma cornutum N. Peters 1928 (=D. cornuta (N. Peters) Balech 1967, Phalacroma cornutum ssp. inerme 

Balech 1965, D. cornuta ssp. inermis (Balech in Balech & S. El-Sayed) Sournia 1973) 

1827 Phalacroma cuneolus Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. cuneolus (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1828 

Phalacroma cuneus F. Schütt 1895 (=D. cuneus (F. Schütt) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967, Ph. blackmanii G. Murray & 

Whitting 1899, Ph. triangulare E.J.F. Wood 1954, D. triangulare (E.J.F. Wood) Balech 1967) 

1829 Phalacroma dens Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. dens (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967, non D. dens Pavill. 1915) 

1830 

1831 

1832 

Phalacroma dolychopterygium G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=D. dolychopterygium (G. Murray & Whitting) Balech 

1967) 

Phalacroma doryphorum F. Stein 1883 (=D. doryphora (F. Stein 1883) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967 (=D. doryphorides 

(P.A. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1967) 

Phalacroma elongatum Jørg. 1923 (=D. elongata (Jørg. 1923) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967, D. minuta (Cleve 1900) 

Balech 1967) 

1833 Phalacroma favus Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=P. hindmarchii Pavill. 1916) 

1834 Phalacroma fimbriatum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. fimbriata (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1835 Phalacroma giganteum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. gigantea (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1836 

1837 

Phalacroma globulus F. Schütt 1895 (=D. globulus (F. Schütt) Balech 1967, Heteroschisma globulus (F. Schütt) J. 


Phalacroma hindmarchii G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=D. hindmarchii (G. Murray & Whitting) Balech 1967, non Ph. 

hindmarchii Pavill. 1916) 

1838 Phalacroma irregulare M. Lebour 1925 (=D. irregularis (M. Lebour) Balech 1967) 

1839 Phalacroma jibbonense E.J.F. Wood 1954 (=D. jibbonensis (E.J.F. Wood) Balech 1967) 

1840 Phalacroma lacrima Gaarder 1954 (=D. lacrima (Gaarder) Balech 1967) 

1841 Phalacroma lativelatum Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. lativelata (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1842 

Phalacroma latum Gaarder 1954 (=D. lata (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967, non D. lata Balech 1971=D. sourniai 

Balech 1978) 

1843 Phalacroma lens Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. lens (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1844 

Phalacroma lenticula Kof. 1907 (=D. neolenticula Sournia 1973, non D. lenticula Daday 1888, nec D. lenticula 

Pavill. 1916) 

1845 Phalacroma limbatum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. michenerae Sournia 1973) 

1846 

Phalacroma longialatum Gaarder 1954 (=D. fortunata Sournia 1973, Heteroschisma longialatum (Gaarder) Balech 

1967, non D. longialata Gran & Braarud 1935) 

1847 Phalacroma mawsonii E.J.F. Wood 1954 (=D. mawsonii (E.J.F. Wood) Balech 1967, ?Ph. tuberculatum Galil 1959)

126 GÓMEZ 


1848 Phalacroma minutum Cleve 1900 (=D. minuta (Cleve) Balech 1967) 

1849 

Phalacroma mitra F. Schütt 1895 (=D. mitra (F. Schütt 1895) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967, Ph. rapa F. Stein 1883, Ph. 

dolichopterygium G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

1850 Phalacroma modestum Böhm 1936 (=D. modesta (Böhm) Balech 1967) 

1851 Phalacroma monacanthum G.I. Gail 1950 (non D. monacantha Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) 

1852 

Phalacroma mucronatum Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. mucronata (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) Sournia 1973, =D. paulsenii 

(J. Schiller 1928) Balech 1967, non D. paulsenii Wolosz. 1928) 

1853 Phalacroma okamurai Pavill. 1931 (=D. mitroides Sournia 1973, non D. okamurai Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) 

1854 Phalacroma operculatum F. Stein 1883 (=D. operculata (F. Stein 1883) Balech 1967) 

1855 Phalacroma operculoides F. Schütt 1895 (=D. operculoides (F. Schütt) Balech 1967) 

1856 Phalacroma ovatum (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) Jørg. 1923 

1857 

Phalacroma ovum F. Schütt 1895 (=D. amandula (Balech 1967) Sournia 1973, D. amygdala Balech 1967, Ph. 

ovum F. Schütt 1895, non D. amygdalus Paulsen 1949, non D. ovum F. Schütt 1895) 

1858 Phalacroma oxytoxoides (Kof. 1926) F. Gómez, P. López-García & D. Moreira 2011 (=Oxyphysis oxytoxoides Kof.) 

1859 

Phalacroma parvulum (F. Schütt 1895) Jørg. 1923 (=P. porodictyum F. Stein var. parvula F. Schütt, D. oviformis J. 


1860 Phalacroma paulsenii Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. groenlandica (J. Schiller 1933) Balech 1967) 

1861 Phalacroma pirum Gaarder 1954 (=Heteroschisma pirum (Gaarder) Balech 1967) 

1862 Phalacroma planiceps J. Schiller 1928 (=D. planiceps (J. Schiller 1928) Balech 1967) 

1863 

Phalacroma porodictyum F. Stein 1883 (=Phalacroma acutum (F. Schütt 1895) Pavill. 1916, D. acutoides Balech 

1967, non D. acuta Ehrenb. 1839) 

1864 Phalacroma porosum (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. perforata Sournia 1973, D. porosa (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1865 Phalacroma praetextum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. praetexta (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1866 Phalacroma protuberans Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. protuberans (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1867 Phalacroma pugiunculus Jørg. 1923 (=D. pugiunculus (Jørg.) Balech 1967) 

1868 

Phalacroma pulchellum M. Lebour 1922 (=Pseudophalacroma pulchellum (M. Lebour) G.I. Gail 1950, D. pulchella 

(M. Lebour) Balech 1967) 

1869 Phalacroma pulchrum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. pulchra (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1870 Phalacroma pyriforme Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. pyriformis (Kof. & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1871 Phalacroma rapa F. Stein 1883 (=D. rapa (F. Stein) Balech 1967) 

1872 

Phalacroma reticulatum Kof. 1907 (=D. rete Sournia 1973, =D. reticulata (Kof. 1907) Balech 1967, non D. reticulata 

Gaarder 1954) 

1873 Phalacroma richardii Pavill. 1934 (=D. richardii (Pavill. 1934) Balech 1967, ?D. ruudii (Braarud 1935) Balech 1967) 

1874 Phalacroma robustum Gaarder 1954 (=D. gaarderae Sournia 1973, non D. robusta Gran & Braarud 1935) 

1875 

Phalacroma rotundatum (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. rotundata Clap. & J. Lachm., D. 

whittingiae Balech 1971, Phalacroma rudgei G. Murray & Whitting 1899, D. rotundiformis L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934) 

1876 Phalacroma rugosum Gaarder 1954 (=D. scabra Sournia 1973, D. rugosa (Gaarder) Balech 1967) 

1877 Phalacroma scrobiculatum (Balech 1971) Díaz-Ramos & G.J. Estrella de F. 2000 (=D. scrobiculata Balech) 

1878 Phalacroma sphaeroideum J. Schiller 1928 (=D. schilleri Sournia 1973) 

1879 Phalacroma striatum Kof. 1907 (=D. striata (Kof.) Balech 1967) 

1880 Phalacroma symmetricum Gaarder 1954 (=D. symmetrica (Gaarder) Balech 1967) 

1881 Phalacroma thompsonii E.J.F. Wood 1954 (=D. thompsonii (E.J.F. Wood) Balech 1967) 

1882 

Phalacroma tuberculatum G.I. Galil 1959 (=D. tuberculata (G.I. Gail) Konovalova 1998, ?D. mawsonii (E.J.F. Wood 

1954) Balech 1988) 

1883 Phalacroma turbineum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=D. turbinea (Kof. & J.R. Michener) Balech 1967) 

1884 Phalacroma vastiforme L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 (=D. vastiformis (L.S. Tai & Skogsb.) Balech 1967) 

1885 Phalacroma vastum F. Schütt 1895 (=D. vasta (F. Schütt) Balech 1967) 

1886 Phalacroma whiteleggei E.J.F. Wood 1954 (=D. whiteleggei (E.J.F. Wood) Balech 1967) 

Dinophysaceae F. Stein 1883 (=Citharistaceae Kof. & Skogsb. 1928, Ornithocercaceae Kof. & Skogsb. 1928)


127 


220 Citharistes F. Stein 1883 -type C. regius 

1887 Citharistes apsteinii F. Schütt 1895 

1888 Citharistes regius F. Stein 1883 

221 

1889 

Dinophysis Ehrenb. 1839 sensu stricto (=Dinoceras J. Schiller 1931, Heteroceras Forti 1901) -type D. acuta (58 

species) 

Dinophysis acuminata Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859 (=D. ovum var. baltica Paulsen 1908, D. baltica (Paulsen) Wolosz. 

1928, D. baltica (Paulsen) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928, D. cassubica Wolosz. 1928, D. levanderi Wolosz. 1928, D. 

paulsenii Wolosz. 1928, D. boehmii Paulsen 1949 ex Balech 1971, D. borealis Paulsen 1949, D. lachmannii 

Paulsen 1949, D. skagii Paulsen 1949, D. simplex Böhm 1933, non D. simplex Balech 1962) 

1890 Dinophysis acuta Ehrenb. 1839 (=D. dens Pavill. 1915, ?D. vermicula C.H.G. Pouchet 1893) 

1891 Dinophysis amphora Balech 1971 

1892 Dinophysis anabilis T.H. Abé 1967 

1893 Dinophysis apiculata Meunier 1910 (=?D. acuminata Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) 

1894 

Dinophysis arctica Mereschk. 1879 (=D. granulata Cleve 1899, D. laevis C.H.G. Pouchet 1883, non D. laevis 

Bergh 1881, D. rotundata Levander 1894, non D. rotundata Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859, ?D. vertex Meunier 1910) 

1895 Dinophysis bibulbus Balech 1971 

1896 Dinophysis biceras J. Schiller 1928 (=Dinoceras biceras J. Schiller 1933) 

1897 Dinophysis capitulata Balech 1967 

1898 Dinophysis carpentariae E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1899 

Dinophysis caudata Kent 1881 (=D. homunculus F. Stein 1883, D. allieri Gourret 1883, D. inaequalis Gourret 1883, 

D. diegensis Kof. 1907) 

1900 Dinophysis curvata J. Schiller 1933 (=D. sphaerica F. Stein 1883 partim, non D. diegensis var. curvata Kof. 1907) 

1901 Dinophysis cyrtoptera Balech 1978 

1902 Dinophysis dentata J. Schiller 1928 

1903 Dinophysis dubia Balech 1978 

1904 Dinophysis ellipsoides Kof. 1907 

1905 Dinophysis equalantii Balech 1971 

1906 Dinophysis exigua Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1907 

Dinophysis fortii Pavill. 1923 (=D. laevis C.H.G. Pouchet 1883, D. lapidistrigiliformis T.H. Abé 1967, D. intermedia 

Pavill. 1916, non D. intermedia Cleve 1900) 

1908 Dinophysis granii Paulsen 1949 

1909 Dinophysis hasleae Balech 1973 

1910 Dinophysis hyalina E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1911 Dinophysis infundibulus J. Schiller 1928 (=D. parva J. Schiller 1928) 

1912 Dinophysis intermedia Cleve 1900 (non D. intermedia Pavill. 1916) 

1913 Dinophysis islandica Paulsen 1949 

1914 Dinophysis laevis Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859 (non D. laevis Bergh 1881, non D. laevis C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) 

1915 Dinophysis laticincta Balech 1979 

1916 Dinophysis longialata Gran & Braarud 1935 

1917 Dinophysis meteorii Böhm 1933 

1918 

Dinophysis meunieri J. Schiller 1928 (=D. cuneiformis Meunier 1910, non D. cuneiformis L. Mangin 1922, ?D. 

acuta Ehrenb. 1839) 

1919 Dinophysis micropleura Balech 1971 

1920 Dinophysis microstrigiliformis T.H. Abé 1967 

1921 

1922 

Dinophysis miles Cleve 1900 (=D. aggregata Weber van Bosse 1901, Heteroceras schroeteri Forti 1901, ?D. tripos 

Gourret 1883) 

Dinophysis norvegica Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859 (=D. norvegica var. debilior Paulsen 1907, D. debilior (Paulsen) 

Paulsen 1949, D. crassior Paulsen 1949)

128 GÓMEZ 


1923 

Dinophysis okamurai Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. vanhoffenii Okamura 1907 partim, non D. vanhoffenii Ostenf. 

1899) 

1924 Dinophysis opposita E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1925 Dinophysis oviformis Chen Ni 1988 (non D. oviformis J. Schiller 1928) 

1926 

Dinophysis ovum F. Schütt 1895 (=D. brevisulcus L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1937 partim, D. antarctica Balech 1958, non 

Ph. ovum F. Schütt 1895) 

1927 Dinophysis pacifica E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1928 Dinophysis punctata Jørg. 1923 (non D. punctata Balech 1971) 

1929 Dinophysis recurva Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. lenticula Pavill. 1916, non D. lenticula Daday 1888) 

1930 Dinophysis robusta Gran & Braarud 1935 

1931 

Dinophysis sacculus F. Stein 1883 (=D. acuminata f. reniformis Pavill. 1905, D. pavillardii Schröd. 1906, D. 

reniformis (Pavill.) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928, D. ventrecta J. Schiller 1933, D. phaseolus E.S. Silva 1952) 

1932 Dinophysis schroederi Pavill. 1909 

1933 Dinophysis semen Meunier 1910 

1934 Dinophysis siankanensis Becerril-Almazán & Hernández-Becerril 2002 

1935 Dinophysis sourniai Balech 1978 (=D. lata Balech 1971, non D. lata (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967) 

1936 Dinophysis sphaerica F. Stein 1883 (=D. vanhoffenii Ostenf. 1899, non D. sphaerica F. Schütt 1895) 

1937 Dinophysis spinata (N. Peters 1928) Balech 1967 

1938 Dinophysis subcircularis Paulsen 1949 

1939 Dinophysis tailisunii Chen Ni 1988 

1940 Dinophysis tenuivelata Balech 1973 

1941 Dinophysis tripos Gourret 1883 (=D. caudata var. tripos (Gourret) G.I. Gail 1950, ?D. miles Cleve 1900) 

1942 Dinophysis truncata Cleve 1901 (=D. cuneiformis L. Mangin 1922, non D. cuneiformis Meunier 1910) 

1943 Dinophysis tuberculata L. Mangin 1926 (=D. carinata N. Peters 1928) 

1944 Dinophysis umbosa J. Schiller 1928 

1945 Dinophysis urceola Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1946 Dinophysis vertex Meunier 1910 (=?D. arctica Mereschk. 1879) 

Dinophysis hastata-group -type D. hastata 

1947 Dinophysis acutissima Gaarder 1954 

1948 Dinophysis alata Jørg. 1923 (=?D. alata Böhm 1931, non D. alata (E.J.F. Wood 1954) Balech 1967) 

1949 Dinophysis balechii D.R. Norris & L.D. Berner 1970 

1950 Dinophysis collaris Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1951 Dinophysis hastata F. Stein 1883 (=D. uracantha (F. Stein) E.S. Silva 1956) 

1952 Dinophysis joergensenii Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. triacantha Jørg. 1923 partim) 

1953 Dinophysis monacantha Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (non Ph. monacanthum G.I. Gail 1950) 

1954 Dinophysis nias G. Karst. 1907 (=D. triacantha G. Karst. 1907) 

1955 Dinophysis odiosa (Pavill. 1930) L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 (=Ph. odiosum Pavill. 1930, Ph. hastatum Pavill. 1909) 

1956 Dinophysis paralata Sournia 1973 (=D. alata (E.J.F. Wood 1954) Balech 1967) 

1957 

Dinophysis phalacromoides (Jørg. 1923) F. Gómez, P. López-García & D. Moreira 2011 (=D. hastata F. Stein f. 

phalacromides Jørg.) 

1958 Dinophysis pusilla Jørg. 1923 

1959 Dinophysis reticulata Gaarder 1954 (non D. reticulata (Kof. 1907) Balech 1967) 

1960 Dinophysis rudgei G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (non Ph. rudgei G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

1961 Dinophysis schuettii G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=D. uracantha F. Schütt 1895, non D. uracantha F. Stein 1883) 

1962 Dinophysis spinosa Rampi 1950 

1963 Dinophysis swezyae Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1964 Dinophysis trapezium Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

1965 Dinophysis triacantha Kof. 1907 (non D. triacantha G. Karst. 1907)


129 


1966 Dinophysis uracantha F. Stein 1883 (non D. uracantha F. Schütt 1895=D. schuettii G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

1967 

Dinophysis uracanthoides (Jørg. 1923) F. Gómez, P. López-García & D. Moreira 2011 (=D. hastata F. Stein f. 

uracanthides Jørg.) 

1968 Dinophysis urceola Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

222 Histioneis F. Stein 1883 -type H. remora (52 species) 

1969 Histioneis aequatorialis E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1970 Histioneis australiae E.J.F. Wood 1963 (=?H. moresbyensis Wood 1963) 

1971 Histioneis biremis F. Stein 1883 

1972 Histioneis bougainvillae E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1973 Histioneis caminus Böhm 1933 

1974 Histioneis carinata Kof. 1907 

1975 Histioneis cerasus Böhm 1933 

1976 Histioneis cleaveri Rampi 1952 

1977 Histioneis costata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=?H. elongata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) 

1978 Histioneis crateriformis F. Stein 1883 (=H. reticulata Kof. 1907) 

1979 

Histioneis cymbalaria F. Stein 1883 (=H. skogsbergii J. Schiller 1933, H. depressa J. Schiller 1933, H. speciosa 

Rampi 1969) 

1980 Histioneis dentata G. Murray & Whitting 1899 

1981 Histioneis detonii Rampi 1947 (=?H. cleaveri Rampi 1952) 

1982 Histioneis diamantinae E.J.F. Wood 1963 (=?P. acutiformis Rampi 1947) 

1983 Histioneis dubia Böhm 1933 

1984 

Histioneis elongata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=H. subcarinata Rampi 1947, ?H. costata Kof. & J.R. Michener 

1911) 

1985 Histioneis fragilis Böhm 1931 

1986 Histioneis gubernans F. Schütt 1895 (=H. expansa Rampi 1947, H. ligustica Rampi 1940) 

1987 Histioneis highleyi G. Murray & Whitting 1899 

1988 Histioneis hyalina Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=?H. longicollis Kof. 1907) 

1989 Histioneis imbricata Halim 1960 (=?H. longicollis Kof. 1907) 

1990 Histioneis inclinata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=H. alata Rampi 1947) 

1991 Histioneis inornata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

1992 Histioneis isselii Forti 1932 (=?H. elongata sensu Böhm 1936) 

1993 Histioneis joergensenii J. Schiller 1928 (=?H. vouckii J. Schiller 1928, ?H. planeta E.J.F. Wood 1963) 

1994 Histioneis josephinae Kof. 1907 (=?H. megalocopa F. Stein 1883) 

1995 Histioneis lanceolata E.J.F. Wood 1963 

1996 

Histioneis longicollis Kof. 1907 (=H. elegans Halim 1960, H. faouzii Halim 1960, H. kofoidii Forti & Issel 1925, H. 

minuscula Rampi 1950, H. sublongicollis Halim 1960, H. villafranca Halim 1960) 

1997 Histioneis marchesonii Rampi 1941 

1998 Histioneis mediterranea J. Schiller 1928 (=?H. reticulata Kof. 1907) 

1999 Histioneis megalocopa F. Stein 1883 (=H. dolon G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2000 

Histioneis milneri G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=H. helenae G. Murray & Whitting 1899, H. hippoperoides Kof. & 

J.R. Michener 1911) 

2001 Histioneis mitchellana G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=H. mitchelliana Schröd. 1906, ?H. pulchra Kof. 1907) 

2002 Histioneis moresbyensis E.J.F. Wood 1963 (=?H. costata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) 

2003 Histioneis navicula Kof. 1907 (=?H. oceanica Rampi 1950) 

2004 Histioneis oceanica Rampi 1950 (=?H. navicula Kof. 1907) 

2005 Histioneis oxypteris J. Schiller 1928 (=?H. paulsenii Kof. 1907) 

2006 Histioneis pacifica Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=H. pavillardii Rampi 1939, H. bernhardii Rampi 1969) 

2007 Histioneis panaria Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=?H. panda Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911)

130 GÓMEZ 


2008 Histioneis panda Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=?H. panaria Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) 

2009 Histioneis paulsenii Kof. 1907 (=?H. crateriformis F. Stein 1883, ?H. reticulata Kof. 1907 sensu Balech 1988) 

2010 Histioneis pietschmannii Böhm 1933 

2011 Histioneis planeta E.J.F. Wood 1963 (=?H. longicollis Kof. 1907) 

2012 Histioneis pulchra Kof. 1907 (=?H. mitchellana G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2013 Histioneis rampii Halim 1960 (=?H. cymbalaria F. Stein 1883) 

2014 Histioneis reginella Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2015 Histioneis remora F. Stein 1883 (=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947) 

2016 Histioneis robusta Rampi 1969 

2017 Histioneis schilleri Böhm 1933 

2018 Histioneis simplex E.J.F. Wood 1963 

2019 

Histioneis striata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=H. variabilis J. Schiller 1933, H. steinii J. Schiller 1928, H. parallela 

Gaarder 1954) 

2020 Histioneis vouckii J. Schiller 1928 (=?H. joergensenii J. Schiller 1928) 

223 Histiophysis Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

2021 

Histiophysis rugosa (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=Dinophysis rugosa Kof. & J.R. Michener 

1911) 

224 Metadinophysis D.S. Nie & Chia C. Wang 1941 

2022 Metadinophysis sinensis D.S. Nie & Chia C. Wang 1941 

225 Metaphalacroma L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 

2023 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii L.S. Tai 1934 

226 Ornithocercus F. Stein 1883 -type O. magnificus (15 species) 

2024 Ornithocercus australis E.J.F. Wood 1963 

2025 Ornithocercus bilobatus Rampi 1950 (=?O. quadratus f. intermedia Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) 

2026 Ornithocercus carpentariae E.J.F. Wood 1963 

2027 Ornithocercus cristatus Matzen. 1933 (=Dinophysis moresbyensis E.J.F. Wood 1963) 

2028 Ornithocercus formosus Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2029 

Ornithocercus francescae (G. Murray 1899) Balech 1962 (=O. carolinae Kof. 1907, Histioneis francescae G. 

Murray 1899) 

2030 Ornithocercus geniculatus P.A. Dangeard 1927 

2031 Ornithocercus heteroporoides T.H. Abé 1967 

2032 Ornithocercus heteroporus Kof. 1907 (=O. biclavatus E.J.F. Wood 1954, O. triclavatus Wood 1954) 

2033 Ornithocercus magnificus F. Stein 1883 (=O. minor Jørg. 1923, non O. magnificus Buetschli 1885) 

2034 

Ornithocercus quadratus F. Schütt 1900 (=O. assimilis Jørg. 1923, Histioneis quadrata Lemmerm. 1901, O. galea 

(C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) T.H. Abé 1967) 

2035 Ornithocercus skogsbergii T.H. Abé 1967 

2036 Ornithocercus splendidus F. Schütt 1895 (=Histioneis splendida G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2037 Ornithocercus steinii F. Schütt 1900 (=O. serratus Kof. 1907, O. orbiculatus Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) 

2038 Ornithocercus thumii (Johannes Schmidt 1888) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 

227 Parahistioneis Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 -type P. diomedeae (13 species) 

2039 Histioneis gregoryi Böhm 1936 (=?H. pachypus Böhm 1931) 

2040 Histioneis tubifera Böhm 1933 (=?H. pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942,=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947) 

2041 Parahistioneis acuta Böhm 1933 (=H. paraformis (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) Balech 1971, H. para Okamura 1912) 

2042 Parahistioneis acutiformis Rampi 1947 (=?H. diamantinae E.J.F. Wood 1963) 

2043 Parahistioneis conica Böhm 1933 (=H. para G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2044 Parahistioneis diomedeae (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=H. diomedeae Kof. & J.R. Michener) 

2045 Parahistioneis garrettii (Kof. 1907) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=H. garrettii Kof.) 

2046 Parahistioneis gascoynensis E.J.F. Wood 1963


131 


2047 Parahistioneis karstenii (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=H. karstenii Kof. & J.R. Michener) 

2048 Parahistioneis pachypus Böhm 1933 (=P. varians Böhm 1933,=?H. gregoryi Böhm 1936) 

2049 

Parahistioneis pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942 (=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947, ?H. tubifera Böhm 1933, H. pieltainii 

(Osorio-Tafall) Y.B. Okolodkov 2006) 

2050 Parahistioneis rotundata (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=H. rotundata Kof. & J.R. Michener) 

2051 Parahistioneis sphaeroidea Rampi 1947 (=?P. pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942, =?H. tubifera Böhm 1933) 

Dinophysaceae incertae sedis 

2052 Dinophysis apicata (Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967 (=Phalacroma apicatum Kof. & Skogsb.) 

2053 Dinophysis argus (F. Stein 1883) T.H. Abé vel Balech 1967 (=Phalacroma argus F. Stein) 

2054 Dinophysis braarudii (Nordli 1951) Balech 1967 (=Ph. braarudii Nordli) 

2055 Dinophysis brevisulcus L.S. Tai & Skogsb. 1934 

2056 

2057 

Dinophysis expulsa Kof. J.R. Michener 1911 (=P. expulsum (Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928, P. 

stenopterygium Jørg. 1923) 

Dinophysis similis Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 (=D. sphaerica F. Schütt 1895, D. simplex Balech 1962=D. tai Balech 1971, 

non D. simplex Böhm 1933) 

Order Dinophysales, Family of Pseudophalacroma 

228 Pseudophalacroma Jørg. 1923 

2058 

Pseudophalacroma nasutum (F. Stein 1883) Jørg. 1923 (=Phalacroma nasutum F. Stein, D. nasutum (F. Stein) 

Parke & P.S. Dixon 1968) 

Order Dinophysales, Family of Sinophysis 

229 Sinophysis D.S. Nie & Chia C. Wang 1944 -type S. microcephala (7 species) 

2059 Sinophysis canaliculata J.P. Quod, Ten-Hage, J. Turquet, G. Mascarell & Couté 1999 

2060 

Sinophysis ebriola (Herdman 1924) Balech 1956 (=Phalacroma ebriola Herdman 1924, Thecadinium ebriolum 

(Herdman) Kof. & Skogsb. 1928) 

2061 Sinophysis grandis Hoppenrath 2000 

2062 Sinophysis microcephala D.S. Nie & Chia C. Wang 1944 

2063 Sinophysis minima M.S. Selina & Hoppenrath 2004 

2064 Sinophysis stenosoma Hoppenrath 2000 

2065 Sinophysis verruculosa Chomérat & Nézan 2009 

Order Blastodiniales Chatton 1906 

Blastodiniaceae Cavers 1913 / Chatton 1920 

230 Blastodinium Chatton 1906 -type B. pruvotii (13 species) 

2066 Blastodinium apsteinii Sewell 1951 

2067 Blastodinium chattonii Sewell 1951 

2068 Blastodinium contortum Chatton 1908 

2069 Blastodinium crassum Chatton 1908 

2070 Blastodinium elongatum Chatton 1912 

2071 Blastodinium galatheanum Skovg. 2009 

2072 Blastodinium hyalinum Chatton 1929 

2073 Blastodinium inornatum Chatton 1920 

2074 

Blastodinium manginii Chatton 1908 (=B. manginii var. oncae Chatton 1912, ?Schizodinium sparsum Chatton 

1912) 

2075 Blastodinium navicula Chatton 1912 

2076 Blastodinium oviforme Chatton 1912 

2077 Blastodinium pruvotii Chatton 1906 

2078 Blastodinium spinulosum Chatton 1908 

Order Gonyaulacales F.J.R. Taylor 1980 (=Pyrocystales Apstein 1909) 

Thecadiniaceae Balech 1956 

231 Thecadinium Kof. & Skogsb. 1928 -type T. kofoidii (9 species)

132 GÓMEZ 


2079 Thecadinium acanthium Hoppenrath 2000 

2080 Thecadinium arenarium S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J.D. Dodge 2004 

2081 Thecadinium inclinatum Balech 1956 (=Sabulodinium inclinatum (Balech 1956) R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984) 

2082 

Thecadinium kofoidii (Herdman 1924) J. Larsen 1985 (=Amphidinium kofoidii var. petasatum Herdman 1922, T. 

petasatum (Herdman) Balech, Phalacroma kofoidii Herdman 1924) 

2083 Thecadinium neopetasatum R.D. Saunders & J.D. Dodge 1984 

2084 Thecadinium ornatum Hoppenrath 2000 

2085 Thecadinium ovatum S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J.D. Dodge 2004 

2086 Thecadinium striatum S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J.D. Dodge 2004 

2087 

Thecadinium yashimaense S. Yoshimatsu, S. Toriumi & J.D. Dodge 2004 (=T. mucosum Hoppenrath & F.J.R. 

Taylor 2004, T. foveolatum Bolch 2004) 

Protoceratidaceae Er. Lindem. 1928 (=Ceratocorythaceae Er. Lindem. 1928) 

232 Ceratocorys F. Stein 1883 -type C. horrida (11 species) 

2088 Ceratocorys anacantha Carbonell-Moore 1996 

2089 

Ceratocorys armata (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. 1910 (=?C. spinifera G. Murray & Whitting 1899, Goniodoma fimbriatum 

G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2090 Ceratocorys aultii H.W. Graham 1942 

2091 Ceratocorys bipes (Cleve 1903) Kof. 1910 (=C. asymmetrica G. Karst. 1907) 

2092 

Ceratocorys gourretii Paulsen 1931 (=C. allenii Osorio-Tafall 1942, Phalacroma jourdanii (Gourret 1883) F. Schütt 

1895, Dinophysis jourdanii Gourret, C. kofoidii Paulsen 1931) 

2093 Ceratocorys grahamii Carbonell-Moore 1996 

2094 Ceratocorys horrida F. Stein 1883 (=C. hirsuta Matzen. 1933) 

2095 Ceratocorys indica E.J.F. Wood 1963 

2096 Ceratocorys magna Kof. 1910 (=C. spinifera G. Murray & Whitting 1899 partim) 

2097 Ceratocorys reticulata H.W. Graham 1942 

2098 Ceratocorys skogsbergii H.W. Graham 1942 

233 Protoceratium Bergh 1881 -type P. aceros 

2099 Protoceratium aculeatum (F. Stein 1883) J. Schiller 1937 (=Clathrocysta aculeata F. Stein) 

2100 Protoceratium areolatum Kof. 1907 

2101 

Protoceratium cancellorum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (not illustrated) 

Protoceratium globosum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (not illustrated) 

Protoceratium pepo Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (not illustrated) 

Protoceratium promissum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (not illustrated) 

Protoceratium reticulatum (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) Buetschli 1885 (=G. grindleyi P. Reinecke 1967, Protoceratium 

aceros Bergh 1881, Peridiniopsis reticulata (Clap. & J. Lachm.) Starmach 1974) 

2102 Protoceratium spinulosum (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) J. Schiller 1937 

2103 Protoceratium splendens Meunier 1910 (=?P. reticulatum (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) Buetschli 1885) 

234 Schuettiella Balech 1988 

2104 

Schuettiella mitra (F. Schütt 1895) Balech 1988 (=Steinella mitra F. Schütt, Oxytoxum gigas Kof. 1907, Gonyaulax 

mitra (F. Schütt) Kof. 1911) 

Ceratiaceae Kof. 1907 

235 Ceratium Schrank 1793 -type C. hirundinella (7 species) 

2105 Ceratium carolinianum (J.W. Bailey 1850) Jørg. 1911 (=C. curvirostre Huitf.-Kaas 1900) 

2106 Ceratium monoceros Temponeras 2000 

2107 Ceratium cornutum (Ehrenb.) Clap. & J. Lachm. 1858 

2108 Ceratium furcoides (Levander 1900) Langhans 1925 

2109 

Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Müller 1773) Dujard. 1841 (=C. tetraceros Schrank 1793, C. pleuroceras Schrank 

1793, C. macroceras Schrank 1802, C. longicorne Perty 1849, C. kumaonense H.J. Carter 1871, C. brevicorne O. 

Zacharias 1905, C. leptoceras O. Zacharias 1904, C. pumilum O. Zacharias 1905, C. handelii Skuja 1937)


133 


2110 Ceratium rhomvoides B. Hickel 1988 

2111 Ceratium brachyceros Daday 1907 (=C. hirundinella var. brachyceros (Daday) Ostenf. 1909) 

236 Neoceratium F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 -type N. furca (77 species) 

2112 

2113 

2114 

Neoceratium arcticum (Ehrenb. 1854) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. arcticum (Ehrenb.) 

Cleve 1901, C. labradoricum Vanhöffen 1897) 

Neoceratium arietinum (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. arietinum Cleve, C. 

bucephalum (Cleve 1897) Cleve 1901) 

Neoceratium aultii (H.W. Graham & Bronik. 1944) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. aultii H.W. 

Graham & Bronik.) 

2115 Neoceratium axiale (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. axiale Kof.) 

2116 Neoceratium azoricum (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. azoricum Cleve) 

2117 

2118 

Neoceratium balechii (Meave del Castillo, Okolodkov & Zamudio 2003) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 

2009 (=C. balechii Meave del Castillo, Okolodkov & Zamudio) 

Neoceratium belone (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. belone Cleve, C. pacificum 

Schröd. 1906, non C. pacificum E.J.F. Wood 1963) 

2119 Neoceratium biceps (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 

2120 Neoceratium bigelowii (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. bigelowii Kof.) 

2121 

Neoceratium breve (Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. breve 

(Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt) Schröd. 1906) 

2122 Neoceratium brunellii (Rampi 1942) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. brunellii Rampi) 

2123 

2124 

2125 

2126 

Neoceratium candelabrum (Ehrenb. 1860) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. candelabrum 

(Ehrenb.) F. Stein 1883) 

Neoceratium carnegiei (H.W. Graham & Bronik. 1944) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. carnegiei 

H.W. Graham & Bronik.) 

Neoceratium carriense (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. carriense Gourret, C. 

massiliense Pavill. 1907, C. volans Cleve 1900) 

Neoceratium cephalotum (Lemmerm. 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. cephalotum 

(Lemmerm.) Jørg. 1911) 

2127 Neoceratium compressum (Gran 1912) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. compressum Gran) 

2128 Neoceratium concilians (Jørg. 1920) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. concilians Jørg.) 

2129 

2130 

2131 

2132 

2133 

Neoceratium contortum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. contortum (Ehrenb.) 

Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859, C. contortum (Gourret) Cleve 1900, =C. contortum var. robustum (G. Karst. 1907) Sournia 

1966) 

Neoceratium contrarium (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. contrarium (Gourret) 

Pavill. 1905) 

Neoceratium declinatum (G. Karst. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. declinatum (G. 

Karst.) Jørg. 1911) 

Neoceratium deflexum (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. deflexum (Kof.) Jørg. 1911, 

C. californiense G. Karst. 1907, C. recurvatum Schröd. 1906) 

Neoceratium dens (Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. dens 

Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt) 

2134 Neoceratium digitatum (F. Schütt 1895) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. digitatum F. Schütt) 

2135 

Neoceratium divaricatum (Lemmerm. 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. divaricatum 

(Lemmerm.) Kof. 1908) 

2136 Neoceratium egyptiacum (Halim 1963) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. egyptiacum Halim) 

2137 

2138 

Neoceratium euarcuatum (Jørg. 1920) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. euarcuatum Jørg., =C. 

arcuatum Pavill. 1905) 

Neoceratium extensum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. strictum Kof. 1907, ?C. 

biceps Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) 

2139 Neoceratium falcatiforme (Jørg. 1920) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. falcatiforme Jørg.) 

2140 Neoceratium falcatum (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. falcatum (Kof.) Jørg. 1920) 

2141 

2142 

Neoceratium filicorne (Steem. Niels. 1934) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. filicorne Steem. 

Niels.) 

Neoceratium furca (Ehrenb. 1834) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. furca (Ehrenb.) Clap. & J. 

Lachm. 1859, =C. biceps Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859)

134 GÓMEZ 


2143 

Neoceratium fusus (Ehrenb. 1834) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. fusus (Ehrenb.) Dujard. 

1841, C. seta (Ehrenb. 1859) Jørg. 1911) 

2144 

Neoceratium geniculatum (Lemmerm. 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. geniculatum 

(Lemmerm.) Cleve 1911, C. tricarinatum Kof. 1907) 

2145 Neoceratium gibberum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. gibberum Gourret) 

2146 

2147 

Neoceratium gravidum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. gravidum Gourret, ?C. 

praeolongum Lemmerm. 1900) 

Neoceratium hexacanthum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. hexacanthum 

Gourret, C. reticulatum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Cleve 1903) 

2148 Neoceratium hircus (Schröd. 1909) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. hircus Schröd.) 

2149 

Neoceratium horridum (Gran) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. claviger Kof. 1907, C. inclinatum 

Kof. 1907, ?C. tenue) 

2150 Neoceratium humile (Jørg. 1911) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. humile Jørg.) 

2151 

2152 

Neoceratium incisum (G. Karst. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. incisum (G. Karst.) Jørg. 

1911) 

Neoceratium inflatum (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. inflatum (Kof.) Jørg. 1911, 

C. nipponicum Okamura 1912) 

2153 Neoceratium karstenii (Pavill. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. karstenii Pavill.) 

2154 Neoceratium kofoidii (Jørg. 1911) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. kofoidii Jørg.) 

2155 Neoceratium lanceolatum (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. lanceolatum Kof.) 

2156 Neoceratium limulus (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. limulus Gourret) 

2157 

2158 

2159 

2160 

2161 

2162 

2163 

Neoceratium lineatum (Ehrenb. 1854) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. lineatum (Ehrenb.) 

Cleve 1899) 

Neoceratium longipes (J.W. Bailey 1850) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. longipes (J.W. Bailey) 

Gran 1902) 

Neoceratium longirostrum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. longirostrum Gourret, 

C. scapiforme Kof. 1907) 

Neoceratium longissimum (Schröd. 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. longissimum 

(Schröd.) Kof. 1907) 

Neoceratium lunula (A. Schimp. 1910 ex G. Karst. 1905) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. lunula 

(A. Schimp. ex G. Karst.) Jørg. 1911) 

Neoceratium macroceros (Ehrenb. 1840) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. macroceros (Ehrenb.) 

Vanhöffen 1897, C. californiense Kof. 1907) 

Neoceratium massiliense (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. massiliense (Gourret) 

Jørg. 1911, C. ostenfeldii Kof. 1907, C. protuberans (G. Karst. 1905) Paulsen 1930) 

2164 Neoceratium minutum (Jørg. 1920) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. minutum Jørg.) 

2165 Neoceratium obesum (Pavill. 1930) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. obesum Pavill.) 

2166 

Neoceratium pacificum (E.J.F. Wood 1963) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. pacificum E.J.F. 

Wood, non C. pacificum Schröd. 1906) 

2167 Neoceratium paradoxides (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. paradoxides Cleve) 

2168 

2169 

2170 

2171 

Neoceratium pavillardii (Jørg. 1911) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. pavillardii Jørg., C. vultur 

Pavill. 1905) 

Neoceratium pentagonum (Gourret 1883) F. Gómez & P. López-García (=C. pentagonum Gourret, C. subrobustum 

(Jørg.) Steem. Niels. 1934) 

Neoceratium petersii (Steem. Niels. 1934) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. petersii Steem. 

Niels.) 

Neoceratium platycorne (Daday 1888) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. platycorne Daday, C. 

lamellicorne Kof. 1908) 

2172 Neoceratium porrectum (G. Karst. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. porrectum G. Karst.) 

2173 

Neoceratium praeolongum (Lemmerm. 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=?C. gravidum 

Gourret 1883) 

2174 Neoceratium pulchellum (Schröd. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. pulchellum Schröd.) 

2175 

Neoceratium ranipes (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. palmatum (Schröd. 1901) 

Schröd. 1906)


135 


2176 

Neoceratium recurvatum (Schröd. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. deflexum var. 

recurvatum (Schröd.) Jørg. 1911) 

2177 Neoceratium reflexum (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. reflexum Cleve) 

2178 Neoceratium schrankii (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. schrankii Kof.) 

2179 

Neoceratium schroeteri (Schröd. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. schroeteri Schröd., non 

C. schroederi D.S. Nie 1936) 

2180 Neoceratium setaceum (Jørg. 1911) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. setaceum Jørg.) 

2181 

2182 

2183 

Neoceratium symmetricum (Pavill. 1905) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. symmetricum Pavill., 

C. coarctatum Pavill. 1905) 

Neoceratium tasmaniae (E.J.F. Wood 1963) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tasmaniae E.J.F. 

Wood) 

Neoceratium tenue (Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tenue 

(Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) Jørg. 1911) 

2184 Neoceratium teres (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. teres Kof.) 

2185 

2186 

Neoceratium trichoceros (Ehrenb. 1860) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. trichoceros (Ehrenb.) 

Kof. 1908, C. flagelliferum Cleve 1900) 

Neoceratium tripos (O.F. Müller 1777) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tripos (O.F. Müller) 

Nitzsch 1817, C. schroederi D.S. Nie 1936, C. neglectum Ostenf. 1903) 

2187 Neoceratium uncinus (Sournia 1972) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. uncinus Sournia) 

2188 

Neoceratium vultur (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. vultur Cleve, C. sumatranum 

(G. Karst. 1907) Jørg. 1911, C. recurvum (Jørg.) P. Reinecke 1973) 

Goniodomataceae Er. Lindem. 1928 (incl. Ostreopsidaceae Er. Lindem. 1928, Triadiniaceae J.D. Dodge 1981, 

Yeseviidae Özdikmen 2009, Centrodiniaceae Hernández-Becerril et al. 2010) 

Subfamily of Goniodoma 

237 Gambierdiscus Adachi & Fukuyo 1979 -type G. toxicus (11 species) 

2189 Gambierdiscus australes M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999 

2190 Gambierdiscus belizeanus M.A. Faust 1995 

2191 Gambierdiscus caribaeus M.W. Vandersea, R.W. Litaker, M.A. Faust, S.R. Kibler, W.C. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009 

2192 Gambierdiscus carolinianus R.W. Litaker, Vandersea, M.A. Faust, S.R. Kibler, W.C. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009 

2193 Gambierdiscus carpenteri S.R. Kibler, R.W. Litaker, M.A. Faust, W.C. Holland, M.W. Vandersea & P.A. Tester 2009 

2194 Gambierdiscus excentricus S. Fraga 2011 

2195 Gambierdiscus pacificus M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999 

2196 Gambierdiscus polynesiensis M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999 

2197 Gambierdiscus ruetzleri M.A. Faust, R.W. Litaker, M.W. Vandersea, S.R. Kibler, M.J. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009 

2198 Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi & Fukuyo 1979 

2199 Gambierdiscus yasumotoi M.J. Holmes 1998 

238 

2200 

Goniodoma F. Stein 1883 (=Triadinium J.D. Dodge 1981, Heteraulacus Diesing 1850, Triadinium J.D. Dodge 

1981, Yesevius Özdikmen 2009) -type G. acuminatum 

Goniodoma acuminatum (Ehrenb. 1838) F. Stein 1883 (=Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., non Peridinium 

polyedricum C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) 

2201 Goniodoma crassum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2202 

2203 

Goniodoma polyedricum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Jørg. 1899 (=Peridinium polyedricum C.H.G. Pouchet, Triadinium 

polyedricum (C.H.G. Pouchet) J.D. Dodge 1981, Goniodoma acuminata F. Stein 1883 partim, non Peridinium 

acuminatum Ehrenb. 1838) 

Goniodoma sphaericum G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=T. sphaericum (G. Murray & Whitting) J.D. Dodge 1981, H. 

sphaericum (G. Murray & Whitting) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

Subfamily of Ostreopsis 

239 

2204 

2205 

Alexandrium Halim (=Protogonyaulax F.J.R. Taylor 1976, Gessnerium Halim 1967 ex Halim 1969) -type A. 

minutum (30 species) 

Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon & Kof. 1936) Balech 1985 (=G. acatenella Whedon & Kof., Protogonyaulax 

acatenella (Whedon & Kof.) F.J.R. Taylor 1979) 

Alexandrium affine (H. Inoue & Fukuyo 1985) Balech 1985 (=A. fukuyoi Balech 1985, Protogonyaulax affinis H. 

Inoue & Fukuyo)

136 GÓMEZ 


2206 Alexandrium andersonii Balech 1990 

2207 Alexandrium balechii (Steid. 1971) Balech 1995 (=Gonyaulax balechii Steid.) 

2208 Alexandrium camurascutulum L. MacKenzie & K. Todd 2002 

2209 

Alexandrium catenella (Whedon & Kof. 1936) Balech 1985 (=G. catenella Whedon & Kof. 1936, G. washingtonensis 

Hsu 1967) 

2210 Alexandrium cohorticula (Balech 1967) Balech 1985 (=G. cohorticula Balech) 

2211 Alexandrium compressum (Fukuyo, K. Yoshida & H. Inoue 1985) Balech 1995 

2212 

2213 

Alexandrium convacum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1985 (=Goniodoma concavum Gaarder 1954, non A. concavum 

(Gaarder 1985) Balech 1985) 

Alexandrium depressum (Gaarder 1954) Balech & Tangen 1985 (=Goniodoma depressum Gaarder, Gonyaulax 

depressum (Gaarder) Balech 1979) 

2214 Alexandrium foedum Balech 1990 

2215 Alexandrium fraterculus (Balech 1964) Balech 1985 (=G. fratercula Balech) 

2216 Alexandrium fundyense Balech 1985 

2217 Alexandrium gaarderae Nguyen-Ngoc & J. Larsen 2004 (=Gonyaulax concava (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967) 

2218 

Alexandrium globosum Nguyen-Ngoc & J. Larsen 2004 (non Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud) Balech 1971, non 

Gonyaulax globosa W. Stüwe 1909) 

2219 Alexandrium insuetum Balech 1985 

2220 Alexandrium kutnerae (Balech 1979) Balech 1985 

2221 Alexandrium leei Balech 1985 

2222 Alexandrium margalefii Balech 1994 (=?A. pseudogoniaulax (Biecheler 1952) T. Horig. 1983) 

2223 

2224 

2225 

2226 

2227 

Alexandrium minutum Halim 1960 (=A. ibericum Balech 1985, A. lusitanicum Balech 1985, A. angustitabulatum 

F.J.R. Taylor 1995) 

Alexandrium monilatum (J.F. Howell 1953) Balech 1985 (=G. monilata J.F. Howell, Gessnerium mochimaensis 

Halim 1967 ex Halim 1969) 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen 1904) Balech & Tangen 1985 (=Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen, Gonyaulax 

ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Paulsen 1949, Protogonyaulax ostenfeldii (Paulsen) S. Fraga & Sánchez 1985, Heteraulacus 

ostenfeldii (Paulsen) A.R. Loebl. 1970, Gessnerium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loebl. & A.R. Loebl., Triadinium ostenfeldii 

(Paulsen) J.D. Dodge 1976, ?G. globosa (Braarud 1945) Balech, ?Protogonyaulax globosa (Braarud) F.J.R. Taylor 

1976, ?Gonyaulax trygvei J.D. Dodge 1976, ?Gonyaulax tamarensis Lebour var. globosa Braarud 1945) 

Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & B.R. Mendiola 1977) Balech & Tangen 1985 (=G. peruviana Balech & B.R. 

Mendiola) 

Alexandrium pseudogoniaulax (Biecheler 1952) T. Horig. 1983 ex T. Kita & Fukuyo 1992 (=Goniodoma 

pseudogoniaulax Biecheler, A. hiranoi T. Kita & Fukuyo 1988) 

2228 Alexandrium satoanum K. Yuki & Fukuyo 1992 

2229 Alexandrium tamarense (M. Lebour 1925) Balech 1985 (=A. excavatum (Braarud 1945) Balech & Tangen 1985) 

2230 Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Balech 1994 

2231 Alexandrium tamutum Montresor, Beran & U. John 2004 

2232 Alexandrium taylorii Balech 1994 

2233 Alexandrium tropicale Balech 1985 (=Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud 1945) Balech 1971) 

240 Coolia Meunier 1919 (=?Discodinium P.A. Dangeard 1938) -type C. monotis (6 species) 

2234 Coolia areolata Ten-Hage, J. Turquet, J.P. Quod & Couté 2000 

2235 Coolia canariensis S. Fraga 2008 

2236 Coolia malayensis Leaw, P.-T. Lim & Usup 2010 

2237 

Coolia monotis Meunier 1919 (=Ostreopsis monotis (Meunier) Er. Lindem. 1928, Glen. monotis (Meunier) Biecheler 

1952, ?Discodinium pouchetii P.A. Dangeard 1938) 

2238 Coolia tropicalis M.A. Faust 1995 

241 

2239 

Centrodinium Kof. 1907 (Murrayella Kof. 1907, Pavillardinium De-Toni 1936 partim) -type C. elongatum (17 

species) 

Centrodinium biconicum (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=M. biconica (G. Murray & Whitting) 

Pavill. 1931, P. biconicum Rampi 1948)


137 


2240 Centrodinium complanatum (Cleve 1903) Kof. 1907 (=Steiniella complanata Cleve) 

2241 Centrodinium deflexoides Balech 1962 

2242 Centrodinium deflexum Kof. 1907 

2243 Centrodinium elongatum Kof. 1907 

2244 Centrodinium eminens Böhm 1933 

2245 Centrodinium expansum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2246 Centrodinium intermedium Pavill. 1930 

2247 Centrodinium maximum Pavill. 1930 

2248 Centrodinium mimeticum (Balech 1967) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=M. mimetica Balech) 

2249 

Centrodinium ovalis (Pavill. 1930) Hernández-Becerril 2010 (=M. ovalis Pavill., P. ovale (Pavill. 1930) De-Toni 

1936) 

2250 Centrodinium pacificum (Rampi 1950) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=P. pacificum Rampi) 

2251 

Centrodinium pavillardii F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=P. intermedium (Pavill. 1916) de Toni 1936, M. intermedia Pavill., non 

C. intermedium Pavill. 1930) 

2252 Centrodinium porulosum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2253 Centrodinium pulchrum Böhm 1933 (=C. eminens f. pulchrum (Böhm) J. Schiller 1933) 

2254 

Centrodinium punctatum (Cleve 1900) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Steiniella punctata Cleve, M. punctata (Cleve) Kof. 

1907, P. punctatum (Cleve) De Toni 1936, M. splendida Rampi 1941, Pavillardinium splendidum (Rampi) Rampi 

1950) 

2255 Murrayella australica E.J.F. Wood 1963 

242 Ostreopsis Johannes Schmidt 1901 -type O. siamensis (9 species) 

2256 Ostreopsis belizeana M.A. Faust 1999 

2257 Ostreopsis caribbeana M.A. Faust 1999 

2258 Ostreopsis heptagona D.R. Norris, J.W. Bomber & Balech 1985 

2259 Ostreopsis labens M.A. Faust & S.L. Morton 1995 

2260 Ostreopsis lenticularis Fukuyo 1981 

2261 Ostreopsis marina M.A. Faust 1999 

2262 Ostreopsis mascarenensis J.P. Quod 1994 

2263 Ostreopsis ovata Fukuyo 1981 

2264 Ostreopsis siamensis Johannes Schmidt 1901 

243 Pachydinium Pavill. 1915 -type P. mediterraneum 

2265 Pachydinium indicum Matzen. 1933 

2266 Pachydinium mediterraneum Pavill. 1915 

244 Pyrodinium L. Plate 1906 -type P. bahamense 

2267 

2268 

Pyrodinium bahamense L. Plate 1906 (=P. bahamense L. Plate 1906 var. bahamense/ var. compressum (Böhm 

1931) Steid., Tester & F.J.R. Taylor 1980, P. bahamense f. compressa Böhm 1931, P. schilleri (Matzen. 1933) J. 

Schiller 1935, Gonyaulax schilleri Matzen. 1933) 

Pyrodinium phoneus Wolosz. & W. Conrad 1939 (=Gonyaulax phoneus (Wolosz. & W. Conrad) F.J.R. Taylor 1975, 

?Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen 1904) Balech & Tangen 1985, Gonyaulax phoneus (Wolosz. & W. Conrad) 

Loebl. & A.R. Loebl. 1975) 

Gonyaulacaceae Er. Lindem. 192 

245 Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 (=Melanodinium J. Schiller 1935) -type G. spinifera (71 species) 

2269 Gonyaulax acuta Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (?G. birostris F. Stein 1883) 

2270 Gonyaulax africana J. Schiller 1929 

2271 Gonyaulax alaskensis Kof. 1911 

2272 

Gonyaulax apiculata (Penard 1891) Entz 1904 (=G. apiculata var. clevei Ostenf. 1908), G. austriaca J. Schiller 

1926, G. clevei Ostenf. 1901, G. polonica Wolosz., G. limnetica Er. Lindem. 1918, ?Kolkwitziella salebrosa Er. 

Lindem. 1918, ?Kolkwitziella gibbera (Er. Lindem.) Er. Lindem. 1928) 

2273 Gonyaulax areolata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2274 Gonyaulax baltica Ellegaard, J.M. Lewis & I. Harding 2002

138 GÓMEZ 


2275 

Gonyaulax birostris F. Stein 1883 (=G. glyptorhynchus G. Murray & Whitting 1899, G. highleyi G. Murray & Whitting 

1899) 

2276 Gonyaulax bispinosa Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2277 Gonyaulax borealis Nordli 1951 

2278 Gonyaulax braarudii Hasle 1960 

2279 

Gonyaulax brevisulcata P.A. Dangeard 1927 (=G. paulsenii Gaarder 1954, ?Peridiniella globosa (P.A. Dangeard 

1927) Okolodkov 2006) 

2280 Gonyaulax bruunii F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

2281 

Gonyaulax ceratocoroides Kof. 1910 (=Acanthogonyaulax spinifera (G. Murray & Whitting) H.W. Graham 1942, 

Ceratocorys spinifera G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2282 Gonyaulax cochlea Meunier 1919 

2283 Gonyaulax conjuncta E.J.F. Wood 1954 

2284 

Gonyaulax dangeardii (P.A. Dangeard 1927) J. Schiller 1935 (=G. pavillardii P.A. Dangeard 1927, non G. pavillardii 

Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911, Glenodinium dangeardii (Dangeard 1883) Lemmerm. 1910) 

2285 Gonyaulax diegensis Kof. 1911 

2286 

Gonyaulax digitalis (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Kof. 1911 (=Protoperidinium digitale C.H.G. Pouchet, Peridinium 

digitale Lemmerm. 1899) 

2287 Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler 1952 

2288 Gonyaulax elegans Rampi 1951 

2289 

Gonyaulax elongata (P.C. Reid 1974) Ellegaard, Daugbjerg, Rochon, J.M. Lewis & I. Harding 2003 (=Spiniferites 

elongatus P.C. Reid) 

2290 Gonyaulax expansa Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2291 Gonyaulax fragilis (F. Schütt 1895) Kof. 1911 (=Steiniella fragilis F. Schütt) 

2292 Gonyaulax fusiformis H.W. Graham 1942 (non G. birostris F. Stein 1883, non G. joliffei G. Murray & Whitting 1899) 

2293 

Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud 1945) Balech 1971 (=G. tamarensis M. Lebour var. globosa Braarud, ?G. trygvei 

Parke 1976, A. ostenfeldii (Paulsen 1904) Balech & Tangen 1985) 

2294 Gonyaulax globosa W. Stüwe 1909 

2295 Gonyaulax grabrielae J. Schiller 1935 

2296 Gonyaulax gracilis J. Schiller 1935 

2297 Gonyaulax helensis Wolosz. 1928 

2298 Gonyaulax hyalina Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901 

2299 Gonyaulax inclinata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2300 

Gonyaulax inflata (Kof. 1907) Kof. 1911 (=G. pavillardii P.A. Dangeard 1927, non G. pavillardii (P.A. Dangeard) J. 


2301 Gonyaulax kofoidii Pavill. 1909 

2302 

Gonyaulax lebouriae Balech 1979 (=G. orientalis Er. Lindem. 1924 sensu M. Lebour 1925, non G. orientalis Er. 

Lindem., Goniodoma orientale (Er. Lindem.) Balech 1979) 

2303 Gonyaulax ligustica Rampi 1951 

2304 Gonyaulax limnetica Er. Lindem. 1919 

2305 Gonyaulax loculata Meunier 1919 

2306 Gonyaulax longicornu P.H. Campb. 1973 

2307 Gonyaulax macroporus L. Mangin 1922 

2308 Gonyaulax matkovicii J. Schiller 1929 `matkovichii´ 

2309 

Gonyaulax membranacea (M.R. Rossignol 1964) Ellegaard, Daugbjerg, Rochon, J.M. Lewis & I. Harding 2003 

(=Hystrichosphaera furcata var. membranacea M.R. Rossignol) 

2310 Gonyaulax minuta Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=G. minima Matzen. 1933) 

2311 Gonyaulax monacantha Pavill. 1916 

2312 Gonyaulax monospina Rampi 1951 

2313 Gonyaulax nigricans (J. Schiller 1937) Balech 1988 (=Melanodinium nigricans J. Schiller)


139 


2314 Gonyaulax nivicola (Meunier 1910) Kof. 1911 (=Amylax nivicola Meunier) 

2315 Gonyaulax obliqua (Gourret 1883) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Roulea obliqua Gourret) 

2316 Gonyaulax orientalis Er. Lindem. 1924 (=Goniodoma orientale (Er. Lindem.) Balech 1979, Triadinium orientale 

(Er. Lindem.) J.D. Dodge 1981, G. lebouriae Balech 1980 partim, non G. orientalis sensu M. Lebour 1925) 

2317 Gonyaulax ovalis J. Schiller 1929 (=?G. ovata Matzen. 1933) 

2318 Gonyaulax ovata Matzen. 1933 (=?G. ovalis J. Schiller 1929) 

2319 

Gonyaulax pacifica Kof. 1907 (=Steiniella cornuta G. Karst. 1907, Pavillardinium brianii (Rampi 1941) Sournia 

1973, ?G. kofoidii Pavill. 1909) 

2320 Gonyaulax parva Ramsfjell 1959 

2321 Gonyaulax paucula Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2322 Gonyaulax pavillardii Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (non G. pavillardii P.A. Dangeard 1927) 

2323 Gonyaulax perpusilla (Meunier 1910) Kof. 1911 

2324 

Gonyaulax polygramma F. Stein 1883 (=G. schuettii Lemmerm. 1899, Per. pyrophorum (C.H.G. Pouchet) 

Lemmerm. 1899, non Gon. polygramma Meunier 1910) 

2325 Gonyaulax reticulata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (=G. polygramma sensu F.J.R. Taylor 1962) 

2326 Gonyaulax rostratum P.A. Dangeard 1927 

2327 Gonyaulax rotundata Rampi 1951 

2328 Gonyaulax rugosa Wailes 1928 

2329 Gonyaulax scrippsiae Kof. 1911 

2330 Gonyaulax senta Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 

2331 Gonyaulax sousae Balech 1959 

2332 Gonyaulax sphaeroidea Kof. 1911 (=G. globosum J. Schiller 1929) 

2333 

Gonyaulax spinifera (Clap. & J. Lachm. 1859) Diesing 1866 (=G. levanderi (Lemmerm.) Paulsen 1907, non G. 

spinifera F. Stein 1883) 

2334 Gonyaulax striata L. Mangin 1922 

2335 Gonyaulax subulata Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911 (non G. subulata sensu F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

2336 Gonyaulax taylorii Carbonell-Moore 1996 (=G. monacantha var. minor sensu Balech 1971) 

2337 Gonyaulax trottii Rampi 1951 

2338 Gonyaulax turbynei G. Murray & Whitting 1899 

2339 Gonyaulax unicornis M. Lebour 1925 

246 Spiraulax Kof. 1911 (=Spiraulaxina A.R. Loebl. 1970) -type S. jollifei 

2340 

Spiraulax jolliffei (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) Kof. 1911 (=Gonyaulax jolliffei G. Murray & Whitting, Spiraulax 

kofoidii H.W. Graham 1942, Spiraulaxina kofoidii (H.W. Graham) A.R. Loebl. 1970) 

2341 Spiraulax kofoidii H.W. Graham 1942 

Pyrocystaceae (F. Schütt 1896) Lemmerm. 1899 (incl. Pyrophacaceae Er. Lindem. 1928) 

247 Fragilidium Balech ex A.R. Loebl. 1965 (=Helgolandicum Stosch 1969) -type F. heterolobum (6 species) 

2342 Fragilidium duplocampanaeforme Nézan & Chomérat 2009 

2343 Fragilidium fissile Balech 1990 

2344 Fragilidium heterolobum Balech 1959 ex A.R. Loebl. 1965 

2345 Fragilidium lacustre (Er. Lindem. 1924) Balech 1988 (=Goniodoma lacustre Er. Lindem.) 

2346 Fragilidium mexicanum Balech 1988 

2347 Fragilidium subglobosum (Stosch 1969) A.R. Loebl. 1980 (=Helgolandicum subglobosum Stosch) 

248 Pyrocystis J. Murray 1876 ex Haeckel 1890 (=Murracystis Haeckel 1890) -type P. noctiluca (13 species) 

2348 Pyrocystis acuta Kof. 1907 

2349 Pyrocystis apiculata F.J.R. Taylor 1976 

2350 Pyrocystis elegans Pavill. 1931 

2351 

Pyrocystis fusiformis (C.W. Thomson 1876 ex Haeckel 1890) V.H. Blackman 1902 (=Murracystis fusiformis C.W. 

Thomson in J. Murray 1885 ex Haeckel 1890, Dissodinium fusiformis (C.W. Thomson ex J. Murray) Matzen. 1933)

140 GÓMEZ 


2352 Pyrocystis gerbaultii Pavill. 1935 (=Dissodinium gerbaultii (Pavill.) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

2353 Pyrocystis hamulus Cleve 1900 

2354 Pyrocystis lanceolata Schröd. 1900 (=P. fusiformis f. lanceolata (Schröd.) F.J.R. Taylor 1976) 

2355 

Pyrocystis lunula (F. Schütt 1895) F. Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium lunula F. Schütt 1895, Diplodinium lunula (F. 

Schütt) G.A. Klebs 1912 in Pascher 1916, Dissodinium lunula (F. Schütt) F.J.R. Taylor, E.V. Swift & V. Meunier 

1976) 

2356 Pyrocystis minima (Matzen. 1933) J. Schiller 1937 (=Dissodinium minimum Matzen.) 

2357 

Pyrocystis noctiluca J. Murray 1885 ex Haeckel 1890 (=P. pseudonoctiluca Wyville Thomson ex J. Murray 1876, P. 

noctiluca J. Murray 1885 ex F. Schütt 1896) 

2358 Pyrocystis obtusa Pavill. 1931 (=Gymnodinium lunula F. Schütt 1895) 

2359 Pyrocystis rhomboides (Matzen. 1933) J. Schiller 1937 (=Dissodinium rhomboides Matzen.) 

2360 Pyrocystis robusta Kof. 1907 

249 Pyrophacus F. Stein 1883 -type P. horologium 

2361 Pyrophacus horologium F. Stein 1883 

2362 

Pyrophacus steinii (J. Schiller 1935) D. Wall & B. Dale 1971 (=P. horologicum var. steinii J. Schiller 1935, P. 

vancampoae (M.R. Rossignol 1962) D. Wall & B. Dale 1971) 

Order Gonyaulacales, Family of Amylax 

250 Amylax Meunier 1910 -type A. lata 

2363 

2364 

2365 

Amylax buxus (Balech 1967) J.D. Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax buxus Balech, ?Amylax triacantha (Jørg. 1900) 

Sournia 1984) 

Amylax triacantha (Jørg. 1900) Sournia 1984 (=Gonyaulax triacantha Jørg., G. hyperborea (Cleve 1900) Paulsen 

1903, Amylax lata Meunier 1910, =?Amylax buxus (Balech 1967) J.D. Dodge 1989) 

Amylax diacantha Meunier 1919 (=Gonyaulax verior Sournia 1973, G. diacantha (Meunier) J. Schiller 1937, G. 

longispina M. Lebour 1925) 

2366 Amylax verrucosa Rampi 1943 

251 Lingulodinium D. Wall 1967 -type L. polyedra 

2367 

Lingulodinium milneri (G. Murray & Whitting 1899) J.D. Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax milneri (G. Murray & Whitting) 

Kof. 1911) 

2368 Lingulodinium polyedra (F. Stein 1883) J.D. Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax polyedra F. Stein) 

Gonyaulacales incertae sedis 

252 Amphidiniella T. Horig. 1995 

2369 Amphidiniella sedentaria T. Horig. 1995 

253 Halostylodinium T. Horig. & Yoshizawa-Ebata 2000 

2370 Halostylodinium arenarium T. Horig. & Yoshizawa-Ebata 2000 

254 Pileidinium M. Tamura & T. Horig. 2005 

2371 Pileidinium ciceropse M. Tamura & T. Horig. 2005 

Dinoflagellata incertae sedis 

255 Berghiella Kofoid & J.R. Michener 1911 (non Borghiella Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2008) 

2372 Berghiella josephineae F.J.R. Taylor 1976 `josephinae´ 

2373 Berghiella perplexa Kof. 1911 

256 Ceratoperidinium Margalef 1969 ex A.R. Loebl. 1980 

2374 Ceratoperidinium yeye Margalef 1969 (=C. margalefii A.R. Loebl. 1980, C. mediterraneum Abboud-Abi Saab 1989) 

257 Pyramidodinium T. Horig. & C. Sukigara 2005 

2375 Pyramidodinium atrofuscum T. Horig. & C. Sukigara 2005 

258 Pseudoactiniscus Bursa 1969 

2376 Pseudoactiniscus apentasterias Bursa 1969 

259 Thaumatodinium Böhm 1933 

2377 Thaumatodinium molischii Böhm 1933

A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?