A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales - Plantlife

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R USUMMARYIn this report, the threats facing the entire vascular plant flora of Wales havebeen assessed using international criteria for the first time. Using data suppliedby the Botanical Society of the British Isles and others, the rate at which speciesare declining and the size of remaining populations have been quantified indetail to provide an accurate and up-to-date picture of the state of vascularplants in Wales.The production of a similar list (using identical criteria) forGreat Britain in 2005 allows comparisons to be made between the GB andWelsh floras.The results show that of the 1467 native and archaeophyte vascular plants recorded inWales, 38 are extinct (2.6%) and 256 (17.4%) are threatened with extinction, being eitherCritically Endangered (3.4%), Endangered (4.4%) or Vulnerable (9.7%).A further 28 (1.9%)are Near Threatened.Although there are proportionately more extinctions in Wales thanthere have been in Great Britain (1.0%), the Welsh flora is generally faring slightly betterthan the GB flora as a whole, where 18.9% of vascular plants are threatened.This is the first such regional analysis of threats facing any group of species in Great Britain,and the results have been used to inform the selection of priorities for conservation inWales.The list also identifies vascular plants reaching the edge of their GB range in Wales, aswell as Welsh endemics and near-endemics.CRYNODEBYn yr adroddiad hwn mae’r bygythiadau sy’n wynebu holl blanhigion fasgwlaiddCymru wedi cael eu hasesu gan ddefnyddio meini prawf rhyngwladol am y trocyntaf. Defnyddiwyd y data a dderbyniwyd gan y Botanical Society of the BritishIsles, a chan eraill, er mwyn amcangyfrif yn fanwl cyfradd dirywiad rhywogaethaua maint y poblogaethau sy’n weddill. Mae hyn wedi creu darlun cywir a chyfredolo gyflwr planhigion fasgwlaidd yng Nghymru. Oherwydd bod rhestr debyg (yndefnyddio meini prawf tebyg) wedi cael ei chreu ar gyfer Prydain yn 2005 maemodd cymharu’r fflora Cymreig a’r un Prydeinig.Mae’r canlyniadau’n dangos bod 38 (2.6%) o’r 1467 o blanhigion fasgwlaidd brodorol acarcheoffytig a gofnodwyd yng Nghymru wedi mynd i ddifancoll. Mae 256 (17.4%) danfygythiad o ddiflannu’n gyfan gwbl, ac maen nhw un ai mewn Perygl Difrifol (3.4%), mewnPerygl (4.4%) neu’n Fregus (9.7%). Mae 28 (1.9%) o blanhigion eraill yn Agos at fod danFygythiad. Er bod mwy o blanhigion wedi mynd i ddifancoll yng Nghymru, o gymharu âPhrydain gyfan (1.0%), mae’r fflora Cymreig yn gwneud yn well, ar y cyfan, na’r ffloraPrydeinig, lle mae 18.9% o blanhigion fasgwlaidd dan fygythiad.Dyma’r dadansoddiad rhanbarthol cyntaf o’r bygythiadau sy’n wynebu unrhyw grw^ p orywogaethau ym Mhrydain ac mae’r canlyniadau wedi dylanwadu ar y dewis o flaenoriaethauar gyfer cadwraeth yng Nghymru. Mae’r rhestr hefyd yn adnabod planhigion fasgwlaidd syddar ymyl eu hardal ddosbarthiad Prydeinig yma yng Nghymru, yn ogystal â phlanhigionendemig Cymreig a rhai sy’n agos at fod yn endemig yng Nghymru.

A Vascular Plant Red Data List for WalesRhestr o Blanhigion Fasgwlaidd Data Coch ar gyfer CymruDr Trevor DinesPlantlife Wales1

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U2

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SA Vascular Plant Red DataList for WalesThis report is the first comprehensive analysis of decline using the updated IUCN criteriafor an entire species group in Wales. It has brought to light a suite of species morethreatened in Wales than in the rest of Great Britain, as well as species threatened in GreatBritain but which are doing better in Wales.Wales has a responsibility to protect andconserve all these threatened species, and the findings of this study have been used toinform the selection of vascular plants that appear on Section 42 of the NaturalEnvironment and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species of principalimportance in Wales).This report has been produced by Plantlife Wales with the support of the Wales Committeeof the Botanical Society of the British Isles and the Countryside Council for Wales.3


A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SContents1 Introduction 62 Implementation of this Red Data List 73 Coverage 83.1 Taxonomic coverage 83.2 Alien status 83.3 Hybrids 93.4 Geographic coverage 94 Data sources 105 Application of IUCN criteria 115.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 115.2 Treating Wales as a region 115.3 IUCN categories in Wales 135.4 Limitations of the analysis 146 Explanation of the Wales Red Data List 156.1 Species information 156.2 National responsibility and edge of range 156.3 Welsh endemics and near endemics 166.4 Wales Red Data List categories, criteria and justification 166.5 Modification of Wales Red Data List categories 177 Analysis 187.1 Comparison of Welsh and GB Red Data Lists 187.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 207.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 227.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 237.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in Wales 267.6 Species for which Wales has a particular responsibility 288 Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales 319 Excluded Taxa 7610 Acknowledgements 7811 References 795

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U1. IntroductionFollowing publication of The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell,2005) an assessment of threat using the same methodology applied to the Welsh florabecame possible.As well as being an interesting scientific exercise, allowing a comparison ofthreat between species at Great Britain and country level, this project also providesscientifically robust data for the selection of priority species of conservation concern inWales.This report also includes several lists, such as extinctions, that have never beforebeen published for Wales.This Welsh Vascular Plant Red Data List closely follows the GB Red Data List. It applies thesame IUCN criteria in the same way and with the same thresholds, it includes the same taxaand implements the same ‘Waiting List’ method to identify taxa for which analysis is not yetpossible.The principal difference is that the area under consideration is the country ofWales rather than Great Britain. Because of this, there are slight differences between thelists, such as the need to identify Regionally Extinct taxa (extinct in Wales but not in GreatBritain) and the need to take into account the possibility for immigration of species fromEngland into Wales.As with The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005), annualupdates to this Welsh Red Data List will be made available electronically, based on eithernew data, additional data that is made available, or refined methods of analysing data.Theupdates may result in changes to threat status categories for certain taxa and these changeswill supersede the status categories published here.This report has been produced by Plantlife Wales, but would not have been possible withoutconsiderable help from the Vice-county Recorders of the Botanical Society of the BritishIsles in Wales and several staff of the Countryside Council for Wales.6

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S2. Implementation of thisRed Data ListOne aim of this report is to assess the level of threat facing vascular plant species in Walesso that priorities can be identified within Wales for conservation action. However,Wales is apolitical, not biogeographic, area and this list should not be used in isolation without theVascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005). Now that Red DataLists exist for vascular plants in both Great Britain and Wales some guidance on how theselists should be used is needed, especially in view of the fact that many taxa have differentlevels of threat in each area.Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered,Vulnerable or NearThreatened) in Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) should also be regarded as apriority for conservation in Wales, regardless of its threat status in Wales.The categories ofthreat given in Cheffings & Farrell (2005) are based on an assessment of national distributionand decline, and apply throughout the current range of each taxon in Great Britain.If a taxon is less threatened in Wales than it is in Great Britain (it has a lower category ofthreat than in Great Britain or is even classified as Least Concern in Wales), the Welshpopulation must still be regarded as a critically important component of the GB populationand deserves full protection in Wales with appropriate conservation measures.This isbecause it represents a part of the whole GB population that has more chance of survivingand recovering than the GB population as a whole. Should the GB population outside Walescontinue to decline, the Welsh population will become increasingly important, againregardless of its status within Wales. Should the Welsh population begin to decline, thespecies will be regarded as even more threatened in the GB as a whole.Taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Great Britain should naturally beconsidered as priorities for conservation within Wales.The results of this Red Data Listanalysis have already been used to inform the selection of species on Section 42 of theNatural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species ofprincipal importance in Wales).The Botanical Society of the British Isles is currently compiling County Rare Plant Registersfor Vice-counties in Wales.These should include records of all taxa regarded as threatened(Critically Endangered, Endangered,Vulnerable or Near Threatened) in either Wales orGreat Britain.7

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U3. Coverage3.1 Taxonomic coverageThis Red Data List includes all vascular plants (pteridophytes, angiosperms and gymnosperms)that are native or archaeophyte to Wales. Neophytes are excluded, as are taxa that have onlyever been recorded as casuals, such as the archaeophytes Carum carvi (Caraway), Isatis tinctoria(Woad) and Chenopodium hybridum (Maple-leaved Goosefoot). Species that are native to otherparts of Great Britain but are alien in Wales, such as Draba muralis (Wall Whitlowgrass),Polemonium caeruleum (Jacob’s-ladder) and Ulex minor (Dwarf Gorse) are also excluded.Apomictic microspecies of Hieracium in Wales are included in the analysis, thanks to thework of Tim Rich (National Museum Wales).Those of Taraxacum and Rubus are currentlyexcluded (a comprehensive treatment of Taraxacum at a GB level are included in the Year 1Amendments of the GB Red Data List, Leach, 2007 & www.jncc.gov.uk), but it is hoped toinclude an analysis of these genera for Wales in the future.The taxonomy of the Welsh list has been updated to follow the Year 1 Amendments of the GBRed Data List (Leach, 2007; www.jncc.gov.uk).Thus Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostratus nowappears as Asparagus prostratus, Cotoneaster intergerrimus as C. cambricus and Lythrumhyssopifolium as L. hyssopifolia.The only exception to this is Chrysanthemum segetum, which isnot listed as Xanthophthalmum segetum as per the GB Red Data List because this unfamiliarname has not been widely accepted. Name changes given in the new BSBI CyperaceaeHandbook (Jermy et al. 2007), such as Carex leporina for C. ovalis, have also not beenincorporated into the list because of their current unfamiliarity.Following recent taxonomic work the numerous subspecies of Limonium binervosum,L. britannicum and L. procerum, as well as L. paradoxum, L. parvum and L. transwallianum have allbeen removed from the Waiting List and are now treated as Limonium binervosum.3.2 Alien statusThis analysis follows the alien status categories given to taxa in the GB Red Data List, withtwo exceptions. Firstly, following an assessment of its status in Britain (Twibell, 2007),Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima is included here as a native subspecies and the CrymlynBurrows (Glamorgan) population is assessed as such. Secondly, because of the uncertaintyover its status but the need to afford some protection to the species until this uncertaintyis resolved, Stachys alpina is removed from the “Waiting List” and included in this Red DataList with an “Alien or Native” status.Sisyrinchium bermudianum is included in two Welsh County Rare Plant Registers (Pryce, 1999& Evans, 2007) and has been regarded as possibly native at some of its sites.This specieswas, however, being cultivated in Britain by 1732 (Aiton, 1789) and the very late date of itsfirst record in the wild (around 1950 at Tywyn Burrows, Carmarthenshire) makes a nativeorigin very unlikely for such a showy monocot. Its status as a neophyte therefore remainsunchanged and it is not included in this analysis.Limosella australis remains on the Waiting List following its reassessment as a possible alienby Jones (1991).8

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S3.3 HybridsAs with the GB Red Data List, some hybrids have been included within this analysis.The samefive criteria for selection have been applied, namely that the parents are native, that thehybrid is not ephemeral, that there is more than one individual, that the hybrid reproducesvegetatively and that the hybrid is not part of a swarm between similar parents.All hybridsin Wales conforming to these criteria, and therefore of potential conservation concern, havebeen included.Because of these criteria, not all hybrids occurring in Wales have been included in the list.However, it is hoped this can be done following completion of the BSBI Hybrid Project, andto then treat all hybrids occurring in Wales comprehensively.It has been argued that although some hybrid swarms (e.g. those between Dactylorhiza andEuphrasia species) are of conservation concern, they are specifically excluded by the criteria.In such cases, it is important to identify the sites where such swarms occur and implementappropriate designation mechanisms to protect them. If site selection criteria do not coverhybrid swarms they should be modified to do so, or other mechanisms (such as ImportantPlant Areas) developed to do so.3.4 Geographic coverageThis Red Data List covers the country of Wales, including the 13 Vice-counties ofMonmouthshire, Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Radnorshire, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire,Cardiganshire, Montgomeryshire, Merionethshire, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshireand Anglesey.When analysing New Atlas data for the decline statistics, 10-km squares sharing a borderwith England were included.Wherever possible, errors resulting from this (i.e. occurrencesknown to be only on the English side of a border square) have been addressed.While itremains likely that not all such errors have been identified, those remaining probably havelittle effect on overall decline statistics.9

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S5. Application of IUCNcriteria5.1 IUCN categories at the regional levelThe standard IUCN Red Data List Categories (IUCN 2001) are used with the followingmodifications to take account of the regional nature of this analysis:1. Taxa extinct within the region but extant in other parts of the world are classified asRegionally Extinct (RE).A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that the lastindividual in the region has died. In this report, taxa extinct in Great Britain as a wholeare classified as EX, while those extinct in Wales but still present elsewhere in GreatBritain are classified as RE.The list of extinctions for Wales therefore includes both EXand RE taxa.2. Taxa that are (or have been) present in Wales but are not eligible for assessment at theregional level are assigned the category Not Assessed (NA) and are listed in Section 9.These are mainly taxa that are native to some part of Great Britain but are alien inWales, and also taxa that only occur as casuals in Wales.5.2 Treating Wales as a regionConsiderable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application of standard IUCNcriteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any subglobal geographicallydefined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Provided that the regionalpopulation being assessed is isolated from conspecific populations outside the region, theIUCN Red Data List Criteria (IUCN 2001) can be used without modification within anygeographically defined area.However, when the criteria are applied to part of a population defined by a geopoliticalborder, as in the case of Wales sharing a border with England, the threshold values listedunder each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not the sameas the whole population or subpopulation.As a result, the estimate of extinction risk maybe inaccurate.In order to take this into account, we need to ask whether the Welsh populationexperiences any significant immigration of viable propagules from England (Figure 1). If not(or if it is unknown), there is no change in the Welsh IUCN category. If, however, it is knownthat viable propagules are entering Wales from England, the Welsh IUCN category isdowngraded by one level provided that the GB population is stable or increasing. If the GBpopulation is decreasing, though, the Welsh IUCN category remains the same (furthermodification of the category can take place if the Welsh population is acting as a sink, but ithas not been possible to determine this).11

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UThreatened Welsh taxon withpopulation close to Englishpopulation and taxon has a highdynamism scoreImmigration over entire Welshrange likely?No / unknownNo change to status categoryYesThreatened in GB or endemic ornear endemic?YesNo change to status categoryNoDowngrade Welsh status categoryby one levelFigure 1. Chart used to determine whether any changes to the Welsh threat category werenecessary due to potential immigration from England (adapted from IUCN, 2003).The level of propagule immigration is almost impossible to assess. However, an attempt hasbeen made to determine how likely immigration is by a consideration of the proximity ofthreatened Welsh taxa to English populations and their Dynamism Score (Preston et al.,2003).This latter is a measure of how mobile a species is – a score of 5 indicates a highlydynamic species while species scoring 1 are largely sedentary. It must be noted thatdynamism may result from a substantial turnover of range, a marked expansion of range orby a contraction in range.While not a measure of propagule dispersion, if interpreted withcare, dynamism can indicate which taxa are more likely to immigrate.Immigration was considered for the entire Welsh range of a taxon. In cases where disjunctpopulations exist, such as Callitriche hermaphroditica occurring on both the Welsh border andon Anglesey, immigration was considered unlikely to replace the Anglesey populations.Thebiology of each species was also taken into account; large-seeded species of restricted orfragmented habitats, for example, are less likely to immigrate than wind-dispersedopportunistic species with small seed.The threat category of threatened Welsh taxa with a high dynamism score and for whichthe entire population is close to English populations may therefore be downgraded by onecategory if the GB population is Least Concern. If, however, the GB population is threatenedthe Welsh IUCN category remains unaltered.Taxa for which such changes have been appliedare noted in the list.12

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S5.3 IUCN categories in WalesApart from the modifications given in sections 5.1 and 5.2 above, the standard IUCNcategories and criteria (IUCN, 2001) have been used to produce this Red Data List.Thismeans that the same thresholds used to determine categories in the GB Red Data List havebeen used for Wales, and the lists are therefore directly comparable. Because of this, adetailed treatment of how each criterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readersare referred to the GB Red Data List (2005) for further information.Table 1, however, gives abrief summary of the categories and criteria used here.Threat Category Criterion ThresholdsEXExtinct in Great Britain (but was present in Wales)ExtinctREExtinct in Wales but still present elsewhere in Great BritainRegionally extinctEWExtinct in Great Britain (was present in Wales) but still present in cultivationExtinct in the wildCR A AOO trend or Hectad trend > 80% declineCritically Endangered B 1 location + continuing declineC 50% declineEndangered B 5 locations + continuing declineC < 2,500 individuals + continuing declineD < 250 individualsVU A AOO trend or Hectad trend > 30% declineVulnerable B 10 locations + continuing declineC < 10,000 individuals + continuing declineD1 < 1,000 individualsD2 < 5 locationsNT A AOO trend or Hectad trend > 20% declineNear Threatened B 30 locations + continuing declineD < 10,000 individualsLCNo threat to taxonLeast concernDDThreat suspected but there is insufficient data for analysisData deficientWLInadequate data, taxonomic uncertainties or uncertainties over native orWaiting listarchaeophyte status means no assessment can be made.Table 1. IUCN Categories and criteria used in the Welsh Red Data List. In essence, criterion A looks at decline in hectadsor area of occupation, criterion B deals with declining taxa that occur in a small number of sites, criterion C also deals withdeclining taxa but those that have a small number of individuals, and criterion D looks at those taxa in a small number ofsites or with few individuals that are not necessarily declining.A taxon may qualify as threatened or near threatened onone or more criteria.13

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U5.4 Limitations of the analysisWhile considerable efforts have been made to compile and use the best available datafor this analysis, two factors are effective in compromising the application of IUCNcriteria in Wales.For Criterion A, The GB Red Data List (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) used data from 2,851hectads (10-km squares) for the analysis of AOO, EOO and hectad decline.This number ofhectads allowed a fairly robust analysis, as each unit represents 0.035% of the total areaunder consideration. In Wales, however, the same scale of data has been used, with 285hectads being included in the analysis. Each unit therefore represents 0.35% of the area.Thismakes the analysis much more sensitive and less reliable.As a result, more caution has beenapplied and the A criterion has only been used with species that have been recorded frommore than 10 hectads. In addition, Extent of Occupation (EOO) looks at changes in a rangeof a species and is a relatively complicated analysis to perform; it was felt inappropriate todo this analysis on such a small area as Wales and it has not been included. It is hoped that,with more tetrad (2km square) data becoming available across the country, criterion A canbe applied at this scale in the future.The second limitation is in the Near Threatened category. Emphasis in this report has beenplaced on determining which taxa in Wales are Critically Endangered, Endangered orVulnerable. Data has therefore not been specifically sought on those taxa that are found infewer than 30 sites and are declining (criterion B) or have a population under 10,000(criterion D). For this reason the Near Threatened category is under-represented. Someinteresting and important taxa may qualify as Near Threatened, such as Eleocharis acicularis,Thelypteris palustris and Alisma lanceolata.This shortcoming will be addressed in futureupdates to the Wales Red Data List.14

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S6. Explanation of the WalesRed Data ListThe columns that appear in the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Section 8) aredescribed below.6.1 Species informationTaxonomy of the Wales Red Data List (as given in the Taxon column) follows that of theNew Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (Preston et al., 2002) with appropriate updates as givenin the GB Red Data List (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) and the Year 1 Amendments (Leach, 2007).The threat category of the species in Great Britain is given in the GB Red List column, andfollows Cheffings & Farrell (2005) and the Year 1 Amendments (Leach, 2007).The threatcategory for Wales is given in the Wales Red List column. Blanks in either of thesecolumns indicate that the taxon has been assessed as Least Concern (LC) for that area.The native or alien status of each taxon in Britain (and therefore also Wales) is given in theNative/alien status column, and designations follow Preston et al. (2002) and the Year 1Amendments (Leach, 2007).A blank indicates a native taxon, archaeophytes are indicated by“Arch”, and “NA” indicates a taxon that may be native or alien in Great Britain. Neophytesand taxa not native to Wales are excluded from the list (see section 9).6.2 National responsibility and edge of rangeAn assessment has been made of what proportion of the British distribution of each taxonis found within Wales.This has been done using the number of hectads for which there aremodern records in the New Atlas (Preston et al., 2002).Although crude, this does provide anindication of how much of the GB resource is located within Wales. More detailedassessments have been made in the rare cases where site population data exist for all sitesacross Great Britain. For taxa with more than 25% of the GB distribution in Wales (and forwhich Wales therefore has a national responsibility) the percentage is given in the Prop ofGB population column.Taxa that reach the edge of their British range in Wales are identified in the Edge of GBrange? column.The edge of range in question is indicated by “N”,“S”,“E” and “W”, where“S” indicates that the taxon reaches its southern limit in Wales, etc.Two letters are used toindicate two edges of a range – “NW” for example means that the edges of a northern anda western range are reached in Wales, rather than the north-west edge of a range.15

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U6.3 Welsh endemics and near endemicsFor the purpose of this study, an endemic taxon is one whose entire global native range lieswithin Wales (Endemic to Wales? column). A near endemic is one whose entire globalnative range lies within an area comprising Great Britain, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Manand the Republic of Ireland (Wales Near Endemic? column).These classifications were determined using data from the GB Red Data List (Cheffings &Farrell, 2005), the New Atlas (Preston et al. 2002) and other published sources for particularspecies (e.g. Rich & Houston, 2006).6.4 Wales Red Data List categories, criteriaand justificationThe IUCN category (as defined in section 5.3 above) for Wales is given in the Wales RedList column (note that blanks indicate an assessment of Least Concern). The criteria underwhich each threatened taxon qualifies is given in the Criteria column. For details on howthe categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered),VU (Vulnerable) and NT (NearThreatened) were applied and the criteria used, see Cheffings & Farrell (2005, pp 18-22).The number of extant locations in Wales is provided in the Locations column. Locations areassumed to be extant if they have been recorded in or since 1987 and have not since beenreported as extinct. In line with IUCN guidelines, a location is defined as “a geographically orecologically distinct area in which a single threatening event can rapidly affect all individuals ofthe taxon present”.This is not quite the same as “sites” in the traditional botanical sense.Wherever possible we have defined locations as “management units”, areas under the samemanagement that may be threatened by changes in that management.The number of extant individuals in Wales is given (Individuals column) based on data assupplied by Vice-county Recorders. Recording individuals in plant populations is highlyproblematic; for many species it is impossible to separate individuals in a population, forothers counts are of flowering spikes rather than individuals, whilst others are usuallyrecorded by square-metre coverage.While this makes interpretation difficult, the populationdata collected has been used with care and the thresholds between categories applied asstringently as possible.Continuing decline of a taxon at its sites in Wales (Ongoing decline? column) has beenassessed primarily from direct observations of locations, populations and individuals fromVice-county Recorder records and comments, rather than using the hectad and AOOdecline statistics.This is because these latter decline statistics only take account of trends upto 1999, while Vice-county Recorder records often date to 2005 and 2006.This not onlymakes the assessment more up-to-date but also takes into account details of small-scalepopulation variability over time. A continuing decline in the total Welsh population isassumed if any population is reported as declining and this trend is not being balanced byother populations increasing.16

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S6.5 Modification of Wales Red Data ListcategoriesThe modification of IUCN categories in Wales to take account of possible immigration fromEngland (as described in section 5.2 above) is dealt with in three columns. For all threatenedtaxa, an assessment is made of the probability that the entire Welsh range could be replacedby immigration from England (Immigration likely? column).This is based on each species’ecology, its proximity to England and how dynamic the GB population is.The Dynamismscore (Preston et al., 2003) ranges from 5 for highly dynamic species whose distributionschange rapidly, to 1 for sedentary species whose distributions remain largely static over time.Taking these considerations into account, the IUCN category may have been modifiedaccording to Figure 1 (Section 5.2). If a modification has been made (“Yes” in the Categorymodified? column) the modified category is given in the main Wales Red List column and anote in the Comments column indicates what the original category was.This latter columnalso includes other notes and observations relevant to the taxon in Wales.17

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U7. Analysis7.1 Comparison of Welsh and GB RedData ListsWhen drawing comparisons between taxa on the Welsh and GB Red Data Lists it isimportant to remember that identical criteria were used in their selection. Obviously, amuch smaller area was under consideration (Wales being only 10% of the size of GreatBritain) so it is not surprising that the proportion of taxa in each threat category in eacharea is so dissimilar (Table 2 and Figures 2 & 3).Great BritainWalesNo. of taxa % of total No. of taxa % of totalExtinct (EX+EW+RE) 18 1.0 38 2.6Critically Endangered (CR) 32 1.9 50 3.4Endangered (EN) 82 4.7 64 4.4Vulnerable (VU) 213 12.3 142 9.7Near Threatened (NT) 95 5.5 28 1.9Data Deficient (DD) 39 2.3 18 1.2Least Concern (LC) 1248 72.3 1127 76.8Total 1727 1467Table 2. Number and proportion of taxa in each Red Data List category in Great Britainand Wales. Microspecies of Hieraceum and taxa on Waiting Lists are excluded.Extinct 1.0%Critically Endangered 1.9%Endangered 4.7%Vulnerable 12.3%Near Threatened 5.5%Data Deficient 2.3%Least concern 72.3%Figure 2. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Great Britain (followingCheffings & Farrell, 2003).18

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SExtinct 2.6%Critically Endangered 3.4%Endangered 4.4%Vulnerable 9.7%Near Threatened 1.9%Data Deficient 1.2%Least concern 76.8%Figure 3. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Wales (Extinct includes bothEX and RE taxa).There is in fact a remarkable dissimilarity between the threat categories of the taxa on eachlist. Just 34 taxa have the same threat category in both Wales and Great Britain (7 CriticallyEndangered, 5 Endangered and 22 Vulnerable), while just 6 are Near Threatened on bothlists. Of course, most taxa are not threatened, and 1,074 are categorised as being LeastConcern on both lists.The dissimilarity between threat categories is perhaps to be expected when comparing alarger area to a smaller one using the same IUCN criteria. Criteria B, C and D are all basedon the number of sites or individuals within the area under consideration, and so the taxaselected will obviously be different. Of perhaps more interest are those taxa that qualifyunder criterion A (decline) in each area, as these will indicate different rates of decline inthese areas (see sections 7.3 and 7.4 for more on this).The most significant discrepancies between Great Britain and Wales are in the NearThreatened, Critically Endangered,Vulnerable and Extinct categories. For a detailedtreatment of the Extinct category see section 7.2 below.The lack of Near Threatened taxaon the Welsh list is perhaps explainable by the fact that site data for this category (less than30 sites) was not sought from Vice-county Recorders (only data on taxa in less than 10 siteswas sought for the Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered categories).This issuewill be addressed in future editions of this Red Data List. Conversely to this, however, afocus on collecting site details for rarer species (found in five or fewer sites) may explainthe higher proportion of Critically Endangered taxa in Wales, although this ought to havehad a similar effect on the proportion of Vulnerable taxa too. It might be that the figures area genuine reflection of reality; the number of taxa whose GB ranges just creep into Walesand are therefore regarded as very threatened (e.g. Arum italicum subsp. neglectum) maybolster this category, as will the high number of endemic Sorbus and Hieracium taxa that areincluded – the majority of Critically Endangered taxa on the list are selected using CriterionD (less than 50 plants).19

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U7.2 Taxa extinct in WalesThe higher proportion of extinct taxa (EX+RE+EW) in Wales than in Great Britain (2.6% asopposed to 1.0% for GB, see Table 2) is to be expected.There will always be a higher rate ofextinction at the local site level long before extinctions become apparent from larger areas;extinctions are frequent locally, less frequent from Vice-counties and are relatively rarenationally.Welsh Vice-counties have on average lost 50 taxa (using records available fromseven Welsh County Rare Plant Registers).The figure of 38 extinctions for Wales fits neatlybetween this County average for Wales and the GB total of eighteen.Table 3 gives the list ofextinctions for Wales with the Vice-county, and the last year that each taxon was recorded.GB Red Taxon Wales Red Year last Vice-county Main habitatList List recorded last recorded in WalesEN Adonis annua RE 1926 Flints ArableAnagallis arvensis subsp. foemina RE 1962 Glam ArableEN Campanula rapunculus RE By 1970 Anglesey Roadside vergesEN Carex depauperata RE 1967 Anglesey WoodlandCR Chenopodium urbicum RE 1950 Caerns RuderalEN Chenopodium vulvaria RE By 1975 Mons RuderalEN Crepis mollis RE 1909 Denbs Upland streamsideEryngium campestre RE 1974 Glam RuderalEX Euphorbia peplis EX By 1841 Glam Coastal shingleVU Fallopia dumetorum RE By 1970 Caerns Woodland edgeFumaria densiflora RE 1917 Caerns ArableEX Galeopsis segetum EX 1975 Caerns ArableCR Galium tricornutum RE 1932 Glam ArableGeranium purpureum RE 1934 Carms HedgerowVU Herminium monorchis RE 1968 Glam Base-rich grasslandHieracium cambricogothicum EX By 2006 CaernsHieracium elevatum EX 1953 BrecsLathyrus japonicus RE 1979 Caerns Coastal shingleEN Lithospermum arvense RE 1968 Carms ArableCR Lolium temulentum RE 1986 Carms ArableLycopodium annotinum RE By 1895 Caerns Upland grasslandEN Melampyrum sylvaticum RE 1864 Caerns Rocky woodlandNT Mertensia maritime RE 1989 Denbs Coastal shingleOphrys sphegodes RE 1891 Denbs Base-rich grasslandOrobanche elatior RE 1961 Glam Limestone cliffsEX Otanthus maritima EX By 1800 Caerns Sand dunes and shingleNT Peucedanum ostruthium RE By 1970 Damp grasslandPotamogeton berchtoldii x coloratus (P. x lanceolatus) EX 1968 Anglesey RiverPotamogeton crispus x friesii (P. x lintonii) RE 1941 Monts FreshwaterPotamogeton crispus x praelongus (P. x undulatus) EX 1945 Rads LakePotamogeton filiformis RE 1826 Anglesey LakesVU Puccinellia fasciculata RE c.1950 Carms Coastal dunesEW Saxifraga rosacea subsp. rosacea EW 1970 Caerns Upland rocksScilla autumnalis RE c.1876 Glam Grassy sea-cliffsSesleria caerulea RE 1956 Flints Base-rich grasslandThesium humifusum RE 1916 Flints Base-rich grasslandEN Torilis arvensis RE 1977 Carms ArableTrifolium suffocatum RE 1926 Anglesey Thin, dry grassland20

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E STable 3. (above) The 38 taxa that have become extinct in Wales, along with the Vice-county, andthe last year that each taxon was recorded, and their Red Data List status in Great Britain andWales. Extinct (EX) taxa have been lost from the GB and Welsh flora, Regionally Extinct (RE) taxahave been lost from Wales but occur elsewhere in GB.The single Extinct-in-the-Wild taxon (EW),Saxifraga rosacea subsp. rosacea has never been refound in the wild but still remains in cultivation.In a pattern that reflects the national picture, arable species are the largest single group that havebeen lost from Wales, with 8 (21%) of the 38 extinctions being typical of cultivated fields.AlthoughWales is not now an arable country (it has an area of approximately 60,000 ha of arable land, Joneset al. 2003), this is no surprise as it was much more so in the past. Five species on the list grew inbase-rich habitats and it is interesting to note that most of these are typical of low-nutrientgrasslands (most have an Ellenberg-N value of 2 or 3). Five other species on the list grow on coastalshingle or dunes. Note also the relative lack of arctic-alpine species on the list.Between 1800 and 1980 there was a remarkable increase in the rate of species extinction in Wales(Figure 4), culminating in a peak in the period 1961-1980 when 15 species were recorded for the lasttime.Although this needs to be treated with a certain amount of caution (the precise dates at whichsome species were lost is unknown, and this may be a cumulative effect of national Atlas recordingperiods rather than actual dates of losses), the trend is clear even when these uncertainties areremoved.The period 1961-1980 coincides with the greatest period of agricultural intensification inBritain (Robinson & Sutherland, 2002) and it is again no surprise that most of the arable and ruderalspecies that have become extinct in Wales were lost during this time.The relative lack of extinctionssince 1980 may reflect a greater awareness of the need for and effort towards species conservation.Interestingly, the most recent losses (apart from Hieracium cambricogothicum that may have becomeextinct long ago but whose sites have only recently been resurveyed) are of another arable species(Lolium temulentum), behaving now as a casual, and of Mertensia maritima.This latter appears to havebeen a victim of a combination of factors including storm damage, vehicle use on the shingle beachand our ameliorating climate.The germination of this European Boreo-arctic Montane species isdependent on winter temperature and duration (Scott, 1963) and seedlings only appeared inquantity at its last Welsh location following hard winters (Green, pers comm.).Figure 4. Rates of species extinction in Wales.21

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U7.3 Taxa “doing better” in WalesBecause identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in bothGreat Britain and Wales, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxaare fairing. Some are “doing better” in Wales (in other words, they are less threatened inWales than they are in Great Britain), while others are “doing worse” (they are morethreatened in Wales than Great Britain).As you would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only a fewtaxa that are doing better in Wales (Table 4).Taxon GB Wales Taxon GB WalesRed List Red List Red List Red ListSorbus domestica CR EN Viola lactea VU LCDianthus armeria EN VU Wolffia arrhiza VU LCEuphrasia anglica EN VU Zostera noltei VU LCEuphrasia pseudokerneri EN VU Anacamptis morio NT LCLycopodiella inundata EN VU Asplenium obovatum NT LCPotamogeton compressus EN VU Asplenium septentrionale NT LCSilene gallica EN VU Baldellia ranunculoides NT LCMonotropa hypopitys & both subsp. EN LC Baldellia ranunculoides subsp. ranunculoides NT LCRanunculus tripartitus EN LC Cardamine impatiens NT LCScleranthus annuus & subsp. annuus EN LC Carex diandra NT LCBromus secalinus VU NT Colchicum autumnale NT LCHydrocharis morsus-ranae VU NT Cynoglossum officinale NT LCSpergula arvensis VU NT Cyperus longus NT LCBupleurum tenuissimum VU LC Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus NT LCChenopodium bonus-henricus VU LC Genista anglica NT LCChrysanthemum segetum VU LC Hymenophyllum wilsonii NT LCCicendia filiformis VU LC Hypericum montanum NT LCEuphrasia rostkoviana subsp. rostkoviana VU LC Neottia nidus-avis NT LCHordeum marinum VU LC Orobanche rapum-genistae NT LCHyoscyamus niger VU LC Pilularia globulifera NT LCHypochaeris glabra VU LC Platanthera chlorantha NT LCMatthiola sinuata VU LC Radiola linoides NT LCMisopates orontium VU LC Sorbus anglica NT LCOenanthe fistulosa VU LC Spiranthes spiralis NT LCPersicaria minor VU LC Teesdalia nudicaulis NT LCPlatanthera bifolia VU LC Tuberaria guttata NT LCPoa glauca VU LC Vicia orobus NT LCPolystichum lonchitis VU LC Viola canina & subsp. canina NT LCSalsola kali subsp. kali VU LC Wahlenbergia hederacea NT LCSaxifraga hypnoides VU LC Zostera marina NT LCTable 4. The 60 taxa that are “doing better” in Wales compared to Great Britain, arrangedby decreasing GB threat category.Taxa are included if they are threatened (CR, EN,VU) ornear threatened (NT) in GB, but have a lower threat category or are least concern (LC) inWales.22

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UTaxon GB Wales Taxon GB WalesRed List Red List Red List Red ListAsparagus prostratus EN CR Dryas octopetala LC ENCampanula patula EN CR Epipactis atrorubens LC ENGnaphalium sylvaticum EN CR Euphorbia platyphyllos LC ENLiparis loeselii EN CR Gagea lutea LC ENMentha pulegium EN CR Hammarbya paludosa LC ENNeotinea ustulata EN CR Impatiens noli-tangere LC ENPotentilla rupestris EN CR Juncus triglumis LC ENSaxifraga cespitosa EN CR Lithospermum purpureocaeruleum LC ENSorbus eminens EN CR Orthilia secunda LC ENValerianella rimosa EN CR Papaver hybridum LC ENWoodsia ilvensis EN CR Pinguicula lusitanica LC ENCerastium alpinum VU CR Poa alpina LC ENDaphne mezereum VU CR Potamogeton lucens LC ENOrobanche purpurea VU CR Potentilla crantzii LC ENPseudorchis albida VU CR Pyrola minor LC ENTrifolium strictum VU CR Rumex palustris LC ENArabis petraea VU EN Rumex pulcher LC ENCarex divisa VU EN Ruppia maritima LC ENCephalanthera longifolia VU EN Saussurea alpina LC ENChamaemelum nobile VU EN Saxifraga nivalis LC ENChenopodium murale VU EN Subularia aquatica LC ENDactylorhiza viridis VU EN Valerianella eriocarpa LC ENEuphrasia cambrica VU EN Allium ampeloprasum LC VUEuphrasia rivularis VU EN Aster linosyris LC VUGentianella campestris VU EN Blysmus rufus LC VUJuncus capitatus VU EN Bromopsis benekenii LC VUMelittis melissophyllum VU EN Butomus umbellatus LC VUMyosurus minimus VU EN Calamagrostis canescens LC VUPapaver argemone VU EN Callitriche hermaphroditica LC VUSilene noctiflora VU EN Carex capillaris LC VUVicia bithynica VU EN Ceratophyllum submersum LC VUArum italicum subsp. neglectum NT CR Coincya monensis subsp. monensis LC VUCarex muricata subsp. muricata NT CR Deschampsia setacea LC VUCerastium arcticum NT CR Drosera intermedia LC VUPotamogeton praelongus NT CR Eleocharis parvula LC VURosa agrestis NT CR Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum LC VUSalvia pratensis NT CR Epipactis phyllanthes LC VUSenecio cambrensis NT CR Festuca rubra subsp. arctica LC VUVeronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa NT CR Gaudinia fragilis LC VUWoodsia alpina NT CR Gentiana pneumonanthe LC VUAsplenium trichomanes subsp. pachyrachis NT EN Gymnocarpium robertianum LC VUHypochaeris maculata NT EN Hordelymus europaeus LC VUJuncus compressus NT EN Juncus filiformis LC VUAnagallis minima NT VU Lepidium campestre LC VUCirsium tuberosum NT VU Lotus subbiflorus LC VUDrosera anglica NT VU Medicago polymorpha LC VUEriophorum gracile NT VU Mentha arvensis LC VUFilago vulgaris NT VU Ophioglossum azoricum LC VUFrankenia laevis NT VU Persicaria vivipara LC VUGenista pilosa NT VU Poa bulbosa LC VUHypericum linariifolium NT VU Polygonatum odoratum LC VULathyrus palustris NT VU Rhynchospora fusca LC VULychnis viscaria NT VU Rumex crispus subsp. uliginosus LC VUMeum athamanticum NT VU Ruscus aculeatus LC VUMinuartia verna NT VU Sagittaria sagittifolia LC VU24

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E STaxon GB Wales Taxon GB WalesRed List Red List Red List Red ListPilosella peleteriana subsp. subpeleteriana NT VU Sarcocornia perennis LC VUPotentilla argentea NT VU Scabiosa columbaria LC VURuppia cirrhosa NT VU Silene acaulis LC VUStachys arvensis NT VU Sinapis arvensis LC VUViola tricolor & subsp. tricolor NT VU Sorbus rupicola LC VUArtemisia campestris subsp. maritima LC CR Thlaspi caerulescens LC VUCarex pauciflora LC CR Trichomanes speciosum (sporophyte) LC VUCentaurea cyanus LC CR Utricularia intermedia sens.lat. LC VUDryopteris expansa LC CR Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor LC VUDryopteris submontana LC CR Vulpia ciliata LC VUEpipactis leptochila LC CR Carex pseudocyperus LC NTFumaria purpurea LC CR Euphorbia serrulata LC NTGeranium sylvaticum LC CR Hippuris vulgaris LC NTLamium confertum LC CR Hottonia palustris LC NTOenanthe pimpinelloides LC CR Jasione montana LC NTPotamogeton alpinus LC CR Kickxia spuria LC NTAstragalus glycyphyllos LC EN Lotus glaber LC NTAtropa belladonna LC EN Malva neglecta LC NTCampanula glomerata LC EN Marrubium vulgare LC NTCarex atrata LC EN Parentucellia viscosa LC NTCarex digitata LC EN Petroselinum crispum LC NTCarex elongata LC EN Puccinellia rupestris LC NTCerastium arvense LC EN Rubus chamaemorus LC NTCircaea alpina LC EN Salix herbacea LC NTCirsium heterophyllum LC EN Silene vulgaris LC NTDraba incana LC EN Verbascum nigrum LC NTTable 5. The 162 taxa that are “doing worse” in Wales than they are in Great Britain,arranged by decreasing GB threat category.Taxa are included if they are threatened (EN,VU)or near threatened (NT) in GB but have a higher threat category in Wales, or if they areLeast Concern (LC) in GB but are threatened or near threatened in Wales.Taxa that arethreatened in GB but extinct in Wales (EX or RE) are excluded (see section 7.2), as aremicrospecies of Hieracium.25

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their rangein WalesMany taxa reach the southern or northern edges of their UK ranges in Wales (Tables 6 & 7).It is becoming increasingly important to identify such species in order to select priorities forconservation and for monitoring the impacts of climate change. Small, edge-of-rangepopulations of species that might be vulnerable to change are particularly important as theyare often genetically distinct.Taxon Wales Taxon WalesRed ListRed ListAlchemilla filicaulis subsp. filicaulis Impatiens noli-tangere ENAlchemilla glabra Juncus triglumis ENAndromeda polifoliaJuniperus communis subsp. nanaArabis petraea EN Lamium confertum CRAsplenium trichomanes subsp. pachyrachis EN Lobelia dortmannaAsplenium virideLuronium natansCarex aquatilis Lychnis viscaria VUCarex atrata EN Melica nutansCarex bigelowii Meum athamanticum VUCarex capillaris VU Mibora minimaCarex magellanica Orthilia secunda ENCarex pauciflora CR Oxyria digynaCentaurium littorale Persicaria vivipara VUCerastium alpinum CR Poa alpina ENCerastium arcticum CR Poa glaucaCircaea alpina EN Polystichum lonchitisCirsium heterophyllum EN Potentilla crantzii ENCoincya monensis subsp. monensis VU Potentilla rupestris CRCrepis paludosa Pseudorchis albida CRCryptogramma crispaRosa mollisDactylorhiza purpurella subsp. cambrensis VU Rubus chamaemorusDiphasiastrum alpinumSalix herbaceaDryas octopetala EN Saussurea alpina ENDryopteris expansa CR Saxifraga cespitosa CRDryopteris oreades Saxifraga nivalis ENDryopteris submontana CR Saxifraga oppositifoliaEmpetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum EN Saxifraga stellarisEpilobium alsinifoliumSedum roseaEpipactis dunensis VU Selaginella selaginoidesEuphrasia ostenfeldii EN Senecio cambrensis CREuphrasia rivularis EN Silene acaulis VUEuphrasia rostkoviana subsp. montana VU Sorbus “Menai Strait form” CREuphrasia rostkoviana subsp. rostkoviana Subularia aquatica ENEuphrasia scotticaThalictrum alpinumFestuca rubra subsp. arctica VU Trollius europaeusFestuca viviparaTuberaria guttataGalium boreale Veronica serpyllifolia CRGalium sternerisubsp. humifusaGeranium sylvaticum* Woodsia alpina CRHelianthemum oelandicum subsp. incanum Woodsia ilvensis CR26Table 6. Taxa that reach the southern edge of their GB distribution in Wales (* reaches anequivalent latitude in England as well).

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E STaxon Wales Taxon WalesRed ListRed ListAgrostis curtisiiMarrubium vulgareArum italicum subsp. neglectum CR Matthiola sinuataCerastium pumilum Melittis melissophyllum ENCicendia filiformisPilosella peleterianasubsp. subpeleterianaVUCirsium tuberosum VU Ranunculus tripartitusCyperus longusRubia peregrinaCytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus Rumex rupestris ENEpilobium lanceolatum Scorzonera humilis VUEriophorum gracile VU Sedum forsterianumGastridium ventricosumSibthorpia europaeaGaudinia fragilis VU Sorbus anglicaGenista pilosa VU Sorbus eminens CRHelleborus foetidusSorbus porrigentiformisHypericum linariifolium VU Trifolium occidentaleHypericum undulatum Trifolium strictum CRJuncus capitatus EN Viola lacteaJuniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica CR Viola palustris subsp. juressiLithospermum purpureocaeruleum EN Wolffia arrhizaLuzula forsteriTable 7. Taxa that reach the northern edge of their GB distribution in Wales.27

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U7.6 Species for which Wales has a particularresponsibilityConsideration is given here to those taxa for which Wales has a particular responsibility forconservation. In the GB Red Data List (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005), taxa for which GreatBritain has an international responsibility are indicated by showing those for which weprobably or definitely have more than 25% of the world population.For this study a very crude assessment of responsibility has been made using the number ofhectads occupied by each taxon in Great Britain. From this total GB figure, a simpleproportion of hectads that occur in Wales was calculated.Where possible, adjustments havebeen made for hectads that straddle the English-Welsh border. Any taxon for which Waleshas 25% or more of the GB population is indicated in the Red Data List. In order tohighlight conservation priorities, all of these taxa that are also threatened in Wales are listedin Table 8.28


A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S8. Vascular Plant Red Data List for WalesSee section 6 for an explanation of the columns.GB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsAcer campestreAchillea millefoliumAchillea ptarmicaWL Aconitum napellus sens. lat. WL NA 25 Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Adiantum capillus-veneris 25EN Adonis annua RE ArchAdoxa moschatellinaAegopodium podagraria ArchAethusa cynapium NAWL Aethusa cynapium subsp. agrestis WL NA Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Aethusa cynapium subsp. cynapium NA Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedAgrimonia eupatoriaAgrimonia proceraWL Agrostemma githago WL Arch Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Agrostis caninaAgrostis capillarisAgrostis curtisii NAgrostis gigantea ArchAgrostis stoloniferaAgrostis vinealisAira caryophylleaAira praecoxAjuga reptansAlchemilla filicaulis subsp. filicaulis SAlchemilla filicaulis subsp. vestitaAlchemilla glabra SAlchemilla xanthochloraAlisma lanceolatumAlisma plantago-aquaticaAlliaria petiolataAllium ampeloprasum VU D1+2 No 3 5 c.450 No ArchVU Allium oleraceum VU B1ab(v)+2 Yes 5 No 6 1000s Yesab(v)31

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsAllium schoenoprasum 12 44Allium ursinumAllium vinealeAlnus glutinosaAlopecurus aequalisAlopecurus bulbosus WAlopecurus geniculatusAlopecurus myosuroides ArchAlopecurus pratensisAlthaea officinalis WAmmophila arenariaNT Anacamptis morioAnacamptis pyramidalisAnagallis arvensisAnagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedAnagallis arvensis subsp. foemina RE ArchNT Anagallis minima VU A2c No 5Anagallis tenella 25Anchusa arvensis ArchAndromeda polifolia SAnemone nemorosaAngelica sylvestrisAnisantha sterilis ArchAntennaria dioicaEN Anthemis arvensis EN A2ac Possibly 5 No 7 Arch All modern records are casualsVU Anthemis cotula VU A2c Possibly 4 No ArchAnthoxanthum odoratumAnthriscus caucalisAnthriscus sylvestrisAnthyllis vulnerariaWL Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. lapponica WL 1 1 small S Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)patchAnthyllis vulneraria subsp. vulneraria Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedAphanes arvensisAphanes australisApium graveolensApium inundatum32

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsApium nodiflorumAquilegia vulgarisArabidopsis thalianaArabis hirsutaVU Arabis petraea EN B1ab(v)+2 No 2 5

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsNT Asplenium trichomanes EN B1ab(v)+2 No (2) 5

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsBlechnum spicantVU Blysmus compressus VU D2 Yes 4 1 c.30m 2Blysmus rufus VU A2c No 3 9Bolboschoenus maritimusBotrychium lunariaWL Brachypodium pinnatum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)WL Brachypodium rupestre WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Brachypodium sylvaticumBrassica nigra NABrassica oleracea NA 29Brassica rapa ArchBrassica rapa subsp. campestris Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedBriza mediaBromopsis benekenii VU D1+2 Possibly 5 No 5

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsCallitriche stagnalis sens.lat.Callitriche truncata 6Calluna vulgarisCaltha palustrisCalystegia sepiumCalystegia sepium subsp. roseata 37Calystegia sepium subsp. sepium Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedCalystegia soldanella 25Campanula glomerata EN D No 2 5

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsEN Carex depauperata RENT Carex diandraCarex digitata EN D No 2 3

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsCarex paniculata x C. remota 29Carex pauciflora CR D No 3 2

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsCerastium arvense EN D 1

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsCirsium eriophorum WCirsium heterophyllum EN B1ab(v)+2 No 3 4

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsCrithmum maritimum 32Cruciata laevipesCryptogramma crispa SVU Cuscuta epithymum VU B1ab(v) No 4 9 Yes+2ab(v)NT Cynoglossum officinaleCynosurus cristatusNT Cyperus longus 8 NCystopteris fragilisCytisus scopariusNT Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus 67 NCytisus scoparius subsp. scoparius Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedDactylis glomerataDactylorhiza fuchsiiDactylorhiza fuchsii x D. incarnata 30Dactylorhiza fuchsii x D. maculata 25Dactylorhiza fuchsii x VU D2 No 3 8Gymnadenia conopseaDactylorhiza incarnataWL Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. coccinea Although more research is needed on the identityof this taxon, an assessment has been made onthe currently defined subspeciesWL Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnata Although more research is needed on the identityof this taxon, an assessment has been made onthe currently defined subspeciesWL Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella Although more research is needed on the identityof this taxon, an assessment has been made onthe currently defined subspeciesDactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorumDactylorhiza maculata x D. praetermissa 26Dactylorhiza praetermissaDD Dactylorhiza purpurella subsp. cambrensis VU B1ab(iv) 8 ? Yes 70 S+2ab(iv)Dactylorhiza purpurella subsp. purpurellaDactylorhiza traunsteinerioidesVU Dactylorhiza viridis EN A2c No 4Danthonia decumbens41

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsDaphne laureolaVU Daphne mezereum CR D No 5 1 6 ? WDaucus carotaDaucus carota subsp. carota Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedDaucus carota subsp. gummifer 31Deschampsia cespitosaDeschampsia cespitosa subsp. cespitosa Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedDeschampsia cespitosa subsp. parvifloraDeschampsia flexuosaDeschampsia setacea VU D2 No 5 3 >1000 NoDescurainia sophia ArchEN Dianthus armeria VU D2 No 5 5 1535 NoNT Dianthus deltoides NT A No 5 9 WDigitalis purpureaDiphasiastrum alpinum SDiplotaxis tenuifolia ArchDipsacus fullonum sens.lat. NADipsacus pilosusNT Draba aizoides NT D No 13 1000+ No 100 All Locations = 13 tetradsDraba incana EN D No 3 4

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsEchium vulgareElatine hexandraElatine hydropiper 36Eleocharis acicularisEleocharis multicaulisEleocharis palustrisEleocharis palustris subsp. palustris Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedEleocharis parvula VU A2c No 4 2(7) 50 Resurvey of Merionethshire sites neededEleocharis quinquefloraEleocharis uniglumisEleogiton fluitansElymus caninusElytrigia athericaElytrigia junceaElytrigia repensElytrigia repens subsp. arenosa DD 1 More detailed records neededEmpetrum nigrumEmpetrum nigrum subsp. VU D2 No 3 S Probably under-recordedhermaphroditumEmpetrum nigrum subsp. nigrum Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedEpilobium alsinifolium 7+ SEpilobium hirsutumEpilobium lanceolatum NEpilobium montanumEpilobium obscurumEpilobium palustreEpilobium parviflorumEpilobium roseumEpilobium tetragonumEpipactis atrorubens EN D No 2 4

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsEquisetum arvense x palustre DD(E. x rothmaleri)VU Equisetum arvense x telmateia VU D2 No 1 No(E. x robertsii)Equisetum fluviatileEquisetum fluviatile x palustre (E. x dycei) VU D2 No 3 NoEquisetum hyemale 6 NoEquisetum hyemale x variegatum VU D2 No 1 No(E. x trachyodon)Equisetum palustreEquisetum palustre x telmateia VU D2 No 1 No(E. x font-queri)Equisetum sylvaticumEquisetum telmateiaEquisetum variegatum 33Erica cinereaErica tetralixErigeron acerEriophorum angustifoliumNT Eriophorum gracile VU D2 No 5 5 No 57 NWEriophorum latifoliumEriophorum vaginatumErodium cicutarium agg.Erodium lebelii 36 Trend statistics support NT but are unreliabledue to under-recordingErodium maritimum 38Erodium moschatum ArchErophila glabrescensErophila majusculaErophila verna sens.lat.Erophila verna sensu StaceCR Eryngium campestre RE ArchEryngium maritimum 29Erysimum cheiranthoides ArchErysimum cheiri ArchEuonymus europaeusEupatorium cannabinum44

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsEuphorbia amygdaloidesNT Euphorbia exigua NT A No 3 ArchEuphorbia helioscopia ArchEuphorbia lathyris ArchEuphorbia paralias 37Euphorbia paralias x portlandica VU D2 1 1 Probably more frequent than the one extantrecord suggestsEX Euphorbia peplis EXEuphorbia peplus ArchEuphorbia platyphyllos EN Yes 4 Yes 2 4 Arch Downgraded from CR (D)Euphorbia portlandica 34Euphorbia serrulata NT Yes 5 Yes 11 c.950 Yes NA 60 W Downgraded from VU (C2a(i), D1)EN Euphrasia anglica VU A2c No (1) 27 YesDD Euphrasia arctica subsp. borealis NT A No (1)VU Euphrasia cambrica EN B1ab(v)+2 No (1) 4

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsFestuca ovinaFestuca ovina agg.Festuca ovina subsp. ophioliticola 4 Very under-recorded - is dominant in the uplandsFestuca pratensisFestuca rubra agg.Festuca rubra subsp. arctica VU D2 2 S Under-recorded and likely to be in more than2 sitesFestuca rubra subsp. commutata Under-recordedFestuca rubra subsp. juncea 25Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis 42Festuca rubra subsp. rubra Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedFestuca vivipara SFilago minimaNT Filago vulgaris VU A2c No 4Filipendula ulmariaFilipendula vulgarisFoeniculum vulgare ArchFragaria vescaFrangula alnusNT Frankenia laevis VU D2 No 2 Native in GlamorganFraxinus excelsiorFumaria bastardii 33Fumaria capreolataFumaria capreolata subsp. babingtonii Yes Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedFumaria densiflora RE ArchFumaria muralisFumaria officinalis ArchFumaria officinalis subsp. officinalis Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedFumaria officinalis subsp. wirtgenii Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedFumaria purpurea CR A2ac, Possibly 5 No 3 ? Yes Yes Usually casual nowC2a(i), DVU Gagea bohemica VU D2 No 1 100 AllGagea lutea EN D No 4 1 c.150 ?CR Galeopsis angustifolia CR A2c No 5 4 Yes Arch WGaleopsis bifidaEX Galeopsis segetum EX ArchVU Galeopsis speciosa VU A2ac Possibly 4 No Arch46

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsGaleopsis tetrahitGaleopsis tetrahit agg.Galium aparineGalium boreale SGalium mollugoGalium mollugo x G. verum VU D2 No 1Galium odoratumGalium palustreGalium palustre subsp. elongatum Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedGalium palustre subsp. palustre Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedGalium saxatileGalium sterneri SCR Galium tricornutum RE ArchGalium uliginosumGalium verumGastridium ventricosum DD 4/5 NA N Ten additional old (1985) sites - survey neededGaudinia fragilis VU D2 No 1 ? ? NA N May be under-recordedNT Genista anglica 25NT Genista pilosa VU A2c No 2 64 NEGenista tinctoriaGenista tinctoria subsp. tinctoria Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedGentiana pneumonanthe VU B1ab(v) No 2 10 3-4000 Yes W+2ab(v)Gentianella amarellaGentianella amarella subsp. amarella Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedWL Gentianella anglica VU D2 No 3 1

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsGeranium pusillumGeranium robertianumWL Geranium robertianum subsp. celticum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Geranium rotundifoliumGeranium sanguineumGeranium sylvaticum CR D No 4

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsVU Herminium monorchis REHieracium acroleucumHieracium acuminatumHieracium agg.Hieracium anglicum YesHieracium anglorum YesHieracium angustatiforme CR D No 1 1 YesWL Hieracium apheles VU D2 No 1Hieracium argenteumWL Hieracium argillaceum WL Native status uncertain.Hieracium arvonense YesWL Hieracium asperatum WL Native status uncertain.VU Hieracium asteridiophyllum VU D1+2 No 5 512 YesWL Hieracium aviicola WL Native status uncertain.VU Hieracium breconense CR D No 2

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsHieracium diaphanoidesHieracium dicella YesHieracium discophyllum DD YesWL Hieracium dowardense WL Native status uncertain.Hieracium eboracense YesEX? Hieracium elevatum EX Yes Last seen in 1953.Hieracium eustomon YesWL Hieracium festinum WL Native status uncertain.WL Hieracium glevenseVU Hieracium griffithii VU D2 No 1 YesHieracium holophyllum YesHieracium hypochaeroides YesWL Hieracium inspissatum VU D2 No 2 YesHieracium lasiophyllumHieracium latobrigorumHieracium leyanum VU D1 No 12 800 YesHieracium leyi YesEN Hieracium linguans EN D No 1 c.80 YesHieracium lintonii YesHieracium lissolepiumHieracium lortetiae VU D2 No 5WL Hieracium microspilum WL Native status uncertain.Hieracium nemophilumEN Hieracium neocoracinum EN D No 1 147 YesHieracium nidense CR D No c.30 YesHieracium oenophyllum VU D2 No 3 YesHieracium oistophyllumHieracium orimeles YesHieracium pachyphylloides CR C2a(i) No 2 73 YesHieracium pellucidumHieracium placerophylloides YesHieracium prenanthoidesVU Hieracium pseudoleyi VU D2 No 3 YesHieracium pulchrius DD YesVU Hieracium pusillifolium VU D2 No 1 YesCR Hieracium radyrense EN B1ab(iv) No 2 819 Yes Yes+2ab(iv)50

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsHieracium rectulum WLHieracium repandulare VU D1+2 No 5 c.1000 YesHieracium rhomboidesVU Hieracium riddelsdellii EN B1ab(iv) No 2 870 Yes Yes+2ab(iv)Hieracium rigensVU Hieracium robertsii VU D2 No 1 YesHieracium rubicundiforme YesHieracium rubiginosum YesWL Hieracium salticola WL Native status uncertain.VU Hieracium sanguineum VU D2 No 1 YesHieracium saxorum YesHieracium scabrisetumWL Hieracium scanicum WL Native status uncertain.Hieracium schmidtiiHieracium scoticumHieracium siluriense YesCR Hieracium snowdoniense CR D No 1 3Hieracium sparsifoliumVU Hieracium stenolepiforme EN D No 1 c.67 YesHieracium stenopholidiumHieracium stenstroemiiHieracium stewartiiHieracium strictiformeHieracium subamplifolium YesHieracium subbritannicum NT D No c.2000 YesVU Hieracium subminutidens VU D2 No 2 YesHieracium submutabile YesHieracium substrigosum YesHieracium subumbellatiforme YesHieracium surrejanum YesCR Hieracium tavense CR D No 1 13 YesHieracium trichocaulonHieracium trivialeHieracium uiginskyense YesHieracium umbellatum Yessubsp. bichlorophyllum51

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsHieracium umbellatum subsp. ogwenii YesHieracium umbellatumsubsp. umbellatumHieracium vagense YesHieracium vagumHieracium vulgatumHippocrepis comosa WHippuris vulgaris NT A No 3Holcus lanatusHolcus mollisHonckenya peploidesHordelymus europaeus VU D2 Possibly 4 No 4 ? ?VU Hordeum marinum 8 >100000 W Abundant at some Monmouthshire sitesHordeum murinum ArchHordeum secalinumHornungia petraea 58 WHottonia palustris NT A No 3Humulus lupulusHuperzia selagoHyacinthoides non-scriptaVU Hydrocharis morsus-ranae NT A No 3Hydrocotyle vulgarisHymenophyllum tunbrigenseNT Hymenophyllum wilsoniiVU Hyoscyamus niger ArchHypericum androsaemumHypericum elodes 40Hypericum hirsutumHypericum humifusumNT Hypericum linariifolium VU D2 No 4 5 200- 30 N1000+Hypericum linariifolium x humifusum VU D1 No 10 c. 340 ?Hypericum maculatum 28Hypericum maculatumsubsp. obtusiusculumNT Hypericum montanum 28 WHypericum perforatum52

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsHypericum pulchrumHypericum tetrapterumHypericum undulatum 27 NVU Hypochaeris glabraNT Hypochaeris maculata EN D No 2 1

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsJuncus maritimusJuncus squarrosusJuncus subnodulosusJuncus triglumis EN D No 2 6

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsLeontodon saxatilisLepidium campestre VU A2c No 4 ArchLepidium heterophyllumLepidium latifolium 8 1000s W Only sites in 2 “native” hectads includedLepidium ruderale ArchLeucanthemum vulgareLeymus arenariusLigustrum vulgareLimonium binervosum agg. 35Limonium humileLimonium vulgare WLimosella aquaticaWL Limosella australis WL 100 All Native status uncertain – may be a neophyteLinaria repens ArchLinaria vulgarisLinum bienneLinum catharticumEN Liparis loeselii CR C2a(i), D No 2 4

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsLuzula campestrisLuzula forsteri NLuzula forsteri x L. pilosa VU D2 No 2 16Luzula multifloraLuzula multiflora subsp. congesta Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedLuzula multiflora subsp. multiflora Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedLuzula pilosaLuzula sylvaticaLychnis flos-cuculiNT Lychnis viscaria VU D2 No 3 2

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsMentha aquaticaMentha arvensis VU A2c No 2EN Mentha pulegium CR A2ac No 5 3

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsMyosotis sylvaticaMyosoton aquaticumVU Myosurus minimus EN B1ac(iv) No 4 2 ? NA+2ac(iv)Myrica galeMyriophyllum alterniflorumMyriophyllum spicatumVU Myriophyllum verticillatum VU D2 No 4 2 Small number of hectads so decline trends unreliableNarcissus pseudonarcissussubsp. pseudonarcissusNardus strictaNarthecium ossifragumEN Neotinea ustulata CR D No 4 1 10 ?NT Neottia nidus-avisVU Nepeta cataria VU Yes 5 Yes Arch Downgraded from EN A2a (AOO Trend). Casualarcheophyte of non-threatened habitats in WalesNuphar luteaNymphaea albaOdontites vernusOdontites vernus subsp. litoralis WL Not refound at single locality (2005) and there isdoubt over the recordOdontites vernus subsp. serotinus Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedOdontites vernus subsp. vernus Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedOenanthe aquatica WOenanthe crocataVU Oenanthe fistulosaOenanthe lachenaliiOenanthe pimpinelloides CR D Possibly 2 No 1 1Ononis reclinata 16 1375 No 56Ononis repensOnonis repens subsp. maritima WL Status of this subspecies in Wales is uncertainOnonis spinosaOnopordum acanthium ArchOphioglossum azoricum VU D2 No 3Ophioglossum vulgatumOphrys apiferaVU Ophrys insectifera VU A2a,D1+2 No 3 2

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsOphrys sphegodes REOrchis masculaOreopteris limbospermaOriganum vulgareOrnithopus perpusillusOrobanche elatior REOrobanche hederae 38Orobanche minorVU Orobanche purpurea CR B1ab(v) No 4 1 7 Yes W+2ab(v),C2a(i), DNT Orobanche rapum-genistae 31Orthilia secunda EN D No 4 1

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsPedicularis sylvaticaPedicularis sylvatica subsp. hibernicaPedicularis sylvatica subsp. sylvatica Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedPersicaria amphibiaPersicaria bistortaPersicaria hydropiperPersicaria lapathifoliaPersicaria maculosaVU Persicaria minorVU Persicaria mitis VU D2 Yes 5 No 2 ? ? EN on AOO + hectad trend but this is unreliablePersicaria vivipara VU D2 No 2 4 SPetasites hybridusPetroselinum crispum NT Yes 5 Yes Arch Downgraded from VU A2ac (AOO + HectadTrend). Casual archeophyte of non-threatenedhabitats in WalesPetroselinum segetumNT Peucedanum ostruthium RE ArchPhalaris arundinaceaPhegopteris connectilisPhleum arenarium 31Phleum bertoloniiPhleum pratensePhleum pratense sens.lat.Phragmites australisPhyllitis scolopendriumPicris echioides ArchPicris hieracioidesPilosella officinarumNT Pilosella peleteriana VU D2 No 1 4000+ NWsubsp. subpeleterianaNT Pilularia globuliferaPimpinella saxifragaPinguicula lusitanica EN A2ac No 2 11

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsPlantago major subsp. intermediaPlantago major subsp. major Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedPlantago maritimaPlantago mediaVU Platanthera bifoliaNT Platanthera chloranthaPoa alpina EN D No 3 7

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsPolypodium vulgarePolypodium vulgare sens.lat.Polystichum aculeatumPolystichum aculeatumx setiferum (P. x bicknellii)VU Polystichum lonchitis 7 ? ? SPolystichum setiferumPopulus nigra subsp. betulifoliaPopulus tremulaPotamogeton alpinus CR A2c No 5 4VU Potamogeton alpinus VU D2 1 Resurvey required but plentiful in R.Teifi.All sitesx crispus (P. x olivaceus) in 1 management unit.Potamogeton alpinus VU D2 No 1 Nox praelongus (P. x griffithii)Potamogeton berchtoldiiPotamogeton berchtoldii EXx coloratus (P. x lanceolatus)Potamogeton coloratus 13+EN Potamogeton compressus VU A2ac, D2 Yes 5 No 1 W All sites (5 hectads) in Montgomery Canal(=1 management unit)Potamogeton crispusPotamogeton crispus x friesii (P. x lintonii) REPotamogeton crispus VU D2 No 1x perfoliatus (P. x cooperi)VU Potamogeton crispus EXx praelongus (P. x undulatus)Potamogeton filiformis RENT Potamogeton friesii NT Yes 5 Yes 1 Downgraded from VU D2.All sites (5 hectads) inMontgomery Canal (=1 management unit).Potamogeton gramineus 6Potamogeton gramineus VU D2 No 3x lucens (P. x zizii)Potamogeton gramineus VU D2 2x natans (P. x sparganiifolius)Potamogeton gramineus VU D2 No 1x perfoliatus (P. x nitens)Potamogeton lucens EN B1ab(v) Possibly 4 No 2 Yes+2ab(v)62

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsPotamogeton natansVU Potamogeton natans VU D2 No 3x polygonifolius (P. x gessnacensis)Potamogeton obtusifoliusPotamogeton pectinatusPotamogeton perfoliatusPotamogeton polygonifoliusNT Potamogeton praelongus CR A2c Possibly 5 No 2Potamogeton pusillusPotamogeton trichoidesPotentilla anglica 26Potentilla anserinaNT Potentilla argentea VU D1 Possibly 3 No 7

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsPuccinellia distans subsp. distans Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedVU Puccinellia fasciculata REPuccinellia maritimaPuccinellia rupestris NT A2c 11Pulicaria dysentericaPyrola minor EN B1ab(v)+2 No 4 3 5 Yesab(v), D patchesPyrola rotundifolia subsp. maritima 61Pyrus communis sens.lat. ArchQuercus petraeaQuercus roburNT Radiola linoidesRanunculus acrisRanunculus aquatilisCR Ranunculus arvensis CR B1ab(v)c(i Possibly 5 No 1 22 Archv)+2ab(v)c(iv),C2b,DRanunculus auricomusRanunculus baudotiiRanunculus bulbosusRanunculus circinatusRanunculus ficariaRanunculus ficaria subsp. bulbiliferRanunculus ficaria subsp. ficariaRanunculus flammulaRanunculus fluitansRanunculus hederaceusRanunculus linguaRanunculus omiophyllus 33Ranunculus omiophyllus 7x tripartitus (R. x novae-forestae)Ranunculus parviflorusRanunculus peltatusRanunculus penicillatusRanunculus penicillatus subsp. penicillatus 68Ranunculus penicillatus subsp.pseudofluitans64

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsRanunculus repensRanunculus sardous NARanunculus sceleratusRanunculus trichophyllusEN Ranunculus tripartitus 28 44 NRaphanus raphanistrum subsp. maritimusRaphanus raphanistrum subsp. ArchraphanistrumReseda lutea NAReseda luteola ArchRhamnus catharticaRhinanthus minorWL Rhinanthus minor subsp. minor WL 28 Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)WL Rhinanthus minor subsp. stenophyllus WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Rhynchospora albaRhynchospora fusca VU D2 No 3 1 c.3000Ribes rubrum NARorippa amphibiaRorippa islandica sens.str. 43Rorippa microphyllaRorippa nasturtium-aquaticumRorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.Rorippa palustrisRorippa sylvestrisNT Rosa agrestis CR D No 6 27maxRosa arvensisRosa caesia subsp. caesia Under-recordedRosa caesia subsp. vosagiacaRosa canina sens.str.Rosa micranthaRosa mollis SRosa obtusifolia Almost certainly under-recordedRosa pimpinellifoliaRosa rubiginosaRosa sherardiiRosa stylosaRosa tomentosa65

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsRubia peregrina 27 NRubus caesiusRubus chamaemorus NT A, D No 2 7

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsSalicornia dolichostachyaSalicornia europaeaSalicornia fragilisDD Salicornia nitens EN B1a(v) No 2 1 Several Yes W Plentiful at last site but one lost recently. Small+2a(v) sq km number of hectads so decline trends unreliable.Salicornia pusillaSalicornia ramosissimaSalix alba ArchSalix auritaSalix capreaSalix cinereaSalix cinerea subsp. cinerea Under-recordedSalix cinerea subsp. oleifoliaSalix fragilis ArchSalix herbacea NT A 10+ S Monitoring underway (summer 2007)Salix pentandra WL S Alien/native status uncertain in WalesSalix purpureaSalix repensSalix triandra ArchSalix viminalis ArchVU Salsola kali subsp. kaliNT Salvia pratensis CR D No 5 1 2 No NA WSalvia verbenacaSambucus ebulus ArchSambucus nigraSamolus valerandiSanguisorba minor subsp. minorSanguisorba officinalisSanicula europaeaSaponaria officinalis ArchSarcocornia perennis VU D2 No 2 1 WSaussurea alpina EN D No 3 7

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsEW Saxifraga rosacea subsp. rosacea EWSaxifraga stellaris SSaxifraga tridactylitesScabiosa columbaria VU A2c No 2CR Scandix pecten-veneris CR A2ac Possibly 4 No 5 Many Arch1000sSchoenoplectus lacustrisSchoenoplectus tabernaemontaniSchoenus nigricansScilla autumnalis REScilla vernaScirpus sylvaticusEN Scleranthus annuusEN Scleranthus annuus subsp. annuus Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedCR Scleranthus perennis subsp. perennis CR B1ab(v)+2 No 1 1 c. 88 Yes 100 Allab(v), plantsC2a(ii)VU Scorzonera humilis VU D2 No 2 1000s NA 67 NWScrophularia auriculataScrophularia nodosaScutellaria galericulataScutellaria minor 32Sedum acreSedum album ArchSedum anglicumSedum forsterianum 67 NSedum rosea SSedum telephiumSelaginella selaginoides SSenecio aquaticusNT Senecio cambrensis CR D 1 36 89 SW YesSenecio erucifoliusSenecio jacobaeaSenecio sylvaticusSenecio vulgarisSeriphidium maritimumSerratula tinctoria68

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsSesleria caerulea RESherardia arvensisSibthorpia europaea NSilaum silausSilene acaulis VU D2 No 2 4 S Probably under-recorded and sites under-estimatedVU Silene conica VU D1 No 4 8

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsSorbus porrigentiformis 69 NW YesSorbus rupicola VU A2c NoSorbus torminalisEN Sorbus whiteana WL Yes ? No 1 1 Yes Watsonia 26: 1-7; requires confirmationSparganium angustifoliumSparganium emersumSparganium erectumWL Sparganium erectum subsp. erectum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)WL Sparganium erectum subsp. microcarpum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)WL Sparganium erectum subsp. neglectum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)WL Sparganium erectum subsp. oocarpum WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)Sparganium natansSpartina anglica 27 YesVU Spergula arvensis NT A No 2 ArchSpergularia marinaSpergularia mediaSpergularia rubraSpergularia rupicola 32NT Spiranthes spiralisSpirodela polyrhizaWL Stachys alpina WL Placed on Waiting List (as with GB Red Data List)NT Stachys arvensis VU A2c No 3 ArchStachys officinalisStachys palustrisStachys sylvaticaStellaria gramineaStellaria holosteaStellaria mediaStellaria neglectaStellaria nemorumDD Stellaria nemorum subsp. montana VU B1ab(iv) No c.10 Yes 100 All+2ab(iv)Stellaria nemorum subsp. nemorum Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedStellaria pallidaVU Stellaria palustris VU A2c No 4 10Stellaria uliginosaSuaeda maritima70

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsSubularia aquatica EN A2c No 5 SSuccisa pratensisSymphytum officinaleTamus communisTanacetum parthenium ArchTanacetum vulgareTaraxacum agg.Taxus baccataNT Teesdalia nudicaulisVU Tephroseris integrifolia subsp. maritima VU D2 No (2) 5

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsTrifolium fragiferumTrifolium mediumTrifolium micranthumTrifolium occidentale 7 NWTrifolium ornithopodioidesTrifolium pratenseTrifolium repensTrifolium scabrumTrifolium squamosumTrifolium striatumVU Trifolium strictum CR D No 1 6 33 NEplantsTrifolium subterraneumTrifolium suffocatum RETriglochin maritimumTriglochin palustreTripleurospermum inodorum ArchTripleurospermum maritimumTrisetum flavescensTrollius europaeus SNT Tuberaria guttata 9 33000 83 STussilago farfaraTypha angustifoliaTypha latifoliaTypha x glauca (T. angustifolia x latifolia) VU D2 No 2Ulex europaeusUlex gallii 34Ulmus glabraUlmus minor sensu StaceUlmus procera NAUmbilicus rupestris 37Urtica dioicaUrtica urens ArchUtricularia australisUtricularia intermedia sens.lat. VU D2 No 4 1 ? ? Small number of hectads so decline trends unreliableUtricularia minorUtricularia vulgaris sens.lat.72

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsUtricularia vulgaris sens.str. DD No 4 All four sites are unlocalised 1987+ recordsVaccinium myrtillusVaccinium myrtillus x vitis-idaea VU D2 No 2(V. x intermedium)Vaccinium oxycoccosVaccinium vitis-idaeaValeriana dioicaValeriana officinalisValerianella carinata ArchEN Valerianella dentata EN A2ac No 4 8 ArchValerianella eriocarpa EN D No 5 3 c.100 No NAValerianella locustaEN Valerianella rimosa CR A2ac No 5 1 ArchVerbascum nigrum NT A No 4Verbascum thapsusVerbena officinalis ArchVeronica agrestisVeronica anagallis-aquaticaVeronica arvensisVeronica beccabungaVeronica catenataVeronica chamaedrysVeronica hederifolia ArchVeronica hederifolia subsp. hederifolia ArchVeronica hederifolia subsp. lucorum ArchVeronica montanaVeronica officinalisVeronica scutellataVeronica serpyllifoliaNT Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa CR D No (1) 1 4-10 SVeronica serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedVeronica spicata 55 WViburnum lantanaViburnum opulusVU Vicia bithynica EN A2ac, D No 5 2

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R UGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsVicia lathyroidesNT Vicia orobus 62Vicia sativaVicia sativa subsp. nigraVicia sativa subsp. sativa Arch NT on AOO & Hectad trend but this due tounder-recordingVicia sativa subsp. segetalis ArchVicia sepiumVicia sylvaticaVicia tetraspermaVinca minor ArchViola arvensis ArchNT Viola caninaNT Viola canina subsp. canina Assumed to be LC as species, not analysedViola hirtaVU Viola lactea 33 NViola lactea x V. riviniana 29Viola luteaViola odorataViola palustrisViola palustris subsp. juressi 28 NViola palustris subsp. palustrisViola reichenbachianaViola rivinianaNT Viola tricolor VU A2c No 4Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii 29NT Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor VU No 4 Assumed to be VU as species, not analysedViscum albumVulpia bromoidesVulpia ciliata VU D2 No 2 WVulpia fasciculata 45Vulpia myuros ArchNT Wahlenbergia hederacea 54VU Wolffia arrhiza 11 NNT Woodsia alpina CR D No 3 4

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SGB Red ListTaxonWalesRed listCriteriaImmigrationlikely?DynamismscoreCategorymodified?LocationsIndividualsOngoingdecline?Native/alienstatusProp of GBpopulationEdge of GBrange?Endemic toWales?Wales nearEndemic?CommentsZannichellia palustrisNT Zostera marinaVU Zostera noltei 975

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U9. Excluded TaxaAll taxa that are neophytes and casuals in the UK (Preston et al., 2002) are excluded fromthis analysis.The following native and archaeophyte taxa have also been excluded for thereasons stated.They are all given the IUCN category of Not Applicable (NA) for thepurpose of this study.Taxon UK Status Red List Wales Reason(s) for exclusionAllium scorodoprasum NA Alien in WalesApera spica-venti Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesArabis glabra NA Was only casual in WalesArbutus unedo NA Alien in WalesArmeria arenaria NA Alien in WalesAsplenium onopteris NA Alien in WalesAtriplex pedunculata NA Alien (and casual) in WalesBerberis vulgaris Native or alien NA Alien in WalesBupleurum rotundifolium Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesBuxus sempervirens Native or alien NA Alien in WalesCamelina sativa Archaeophyte NA CasualCarex humilis NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesCarum carvi Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesCentaurea calcitrapa Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesCephalanthera damasonium NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesChenopodium hybridum Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesClinopodium calamintha NA Was only casual in WalesCorynephorus canescens NA Alien in WalesCrassula tillaea NA Alien in WalesCynodon dactylon Native or alien NA Alien in WalesDraba muralis NA Alien in WalesEchium plantagineum Archaeophyte NA Neophyte in UK (native only to ChannelIslands)Epipactis purpurata NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesErica vagans NA Alien in WalesFrankenia laevis NA Alien in WalesFritillaria meleagris Native or alien NA Alien in WalesFumaria vaillantii Archaeophyte NA Occurred once as a weed with a garden shrubGalium parisiense Native or alien NA Was only casual in WalesGentianella amarella x uliginosa NA Hybrid not a valid taxon (Tim Rich)Helianthemum apenninum NA Alien in WalesHerniaria glabra NA Alien in WalesHippophae rhamnoides NA Alien in WalesIberis amara NA Alien in WalesIllecebrum verticillatum NA Alien in WalesIsatis tinctoria Archaeophyte NA Was only casual in WalesLathyrus aphaca NA Alien in Wales76

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E STaxon UK Status Red List Wales Reason(s) for exclusionLeucojum aestivum NA Alien in WalesLimonium britannicum subsp.celticum NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium britannicum subsp.transcanalis NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium paradoxum NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium parvum NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium procerum subsp.cambrense NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium procerum subsp.procerum NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Limonium transwallianum NA Part of Limonium binervosum agg.Lythrum hyssopifolium Archaeophyte NA CasualMedicago sativa subsp.falcata NA Alien in WalesMespilus germanica Archaeophyte NA All Welsh trees planted & not regeneratingMinuartia hybrida NA Alien in WalesMuscari neglectum Native or alien NA Alien in WalesNymphoides peltata NA Alien in WalesOnobrychis viciifolia Native or alien NA Alien in WalesOrnithogalum pyrenaicum NA Alien in WalesPetrorhagia nanteuilii NA Alien in WalesPimpinella major NA CasualPinguicula grandiflora NA Alien in WalesPinus sylvestris NA Alien in WalesPolemonium caeruleum NA Alien in WalesPolypogon monspeliensis NA Alien in WalesPotentilla fruticosa NA Alien in WalesPulicaria vulgaris NA Was only casual in WalesPulmonaria longifolia NA Alien in WalesPyrus cordata Native or alien NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesRibes alpinum NA Alien in WalesRibes spicatum NA Alien in WalesRumex longifolius NA Was only casual in WalesSaxifraga hirsuta NA Alien in WalesSaxifraga spathularis NA Alien in WalesScirpoides holoschoenus NA Alien in WalesScleranthus annuus subsp. polycarpos NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesScrophularia umbrosa NA Alien in WalesSilene otities NA Alien (and casual) in WalesSisyrinchium bermudiana NA Alien in WalesSium latifolium NA Border hectad – has never been recordedfrom WalesSorbus devoniensis NA Alien in WalesStratiotes aloides NA Alien in WalesSuaeda vera NA Alien in WalesSymphytum tuberosum NA Alien in WalesTrifolium glomeratum NA Was only casual in WalesUlex minor NA Alien in WalesUlmus plotii NA A form of Ulex minorVerbascum lychnitis NA Alien in WalesVerbascum pulverulentum Native or Alien NA Alien in WalesVicia lutea NA Alien in Wales77

R H E S T R O B L A N H I G I O N F A S G W L A I D D D ATA C O C H A R G Y F E R C Y M R U10. AcknowledgementsCompilation of this Red Data List would have been impossible without the help, advice andsupport of the Botanical Society of the British Isles Vice-county Recorders in Wales and themembers of the BSBI Committee for Wales, namely Ian Bonner,Arthur Chater, Paul Day,Trevor Evans, Stephen Evans, Jean Green, David Humphreys,Andy Jones, Quentin Kay,WendyMcCarthy, Julian Woodman, Mike Porter, Richard Pryce, Kate Thorne, Marjorie Wainwright,Delyth Williams, Ray Woods and Goronwy Wynne.Their diligent supply of accurate recordsand advice on various aspects of the Red Data List analysis throughout its development isvery much appreciated and I apologise to them again for the barrage of queries that I havesubmitted to them throughout the project.Enormous thanks are also due to Chris Cheffings at JNCC for the considerable task ofsupplying the hectad and “area of occupation” decline statistics for Criterion A in Wales, andalso for her valuable comments on the text and her help and encouragement with theproject along the way.Thanks must also go to various other individuals for providing extremely useful records andobservations to the project, namely Tristan Hatton-Ellis, Gabrielle Wyn,Annie Seddon,Barbara Jones, John Osley, Liz Howe,Tim Rich (especially for supplying threat statuses forHieraceum microspecies in Wales), Kevin Walker,Alex Lockton and David Pearman.Finally, we would like to acknowledge the generous financial assistance of the CountrysideCouncil for Wales, which contributed to both the production and publication of this report.The project formed part of the objectives of the “Back from the Brink – Plantlife WalesOfficer 2005-2007” CCW Grant GU8071.The project would not have been possiblewithout this help.78

A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E S11. ReferencesAiton, J. (1789). Hortus Kewensis. 3 vols, 2 nd edn. G. Nicol: London.Bonner, I.R. (2006). Anglesey Rare Plant Register. Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor.Chater, A.O. (1997). Ceredigion (VC46) Rare Plant Register 1.Vascular Plants and Charophytes.Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor.Cheffings, C.M. & Farrell, L. (Eds), Dines,T.D., Jones, R.A., Leech, S.J., McKean, D.R., Pearman,D.A., Preston, C.D., Rumsey, F.J.,Taylor, I. (2005). The Vascular Plant Red Data List for GreatBritain. Species Status 7: 1-116. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.Evans,T. (2007a). Monmouthshire County Rare Plant Register. Countryside Council for Wales,Bangor.Evans,T. (2007b). Flora of Monmouthshire. Chepstow Society: Chepstow.IUCN. (2003). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red Data List Criteria at Regional Levels:Version3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK.IUCN. (2001). IUCN Red Data List Categories and Criteria:Version 3.1. IUCN Species SurvivalCommission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK.Jermy, A.C., Simpson, D.A., Foley, M.J.Y., Porter, M.S. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles (3 rdedition). Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.Jones, A. 1991.A Welsh Mudwort? B.S.B.I.Welsh Bulletin 52: 6-8.Jones, P.S., Stevens, D.P., Blackstock,T.H., Burrows, C.R., Howe, E.A. (2003). Priority habitats ofWales: a technical guide. Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor.Leach, S.J. (2007).The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain:Year 1 Amendments.BSBI News 104:19-21.Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. & Dines,T.D. (2002). New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora.Oxford University Press, Oxford.Preston, C.D.,Telfer, M.G., Roy, D.B., Carey, P.D., Hill, M.O., Meek,W.R., Rothery, P., Smart,S.M., Smith, G.M.,Walker, K.J. & Pearman, D.A. (2003). The changing distribution of the flora ofthe United Kingdom:Technical report. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Cambridge, UK.Pryce, R.D. (1999). Carmarthenshire Rare Plant Register. Botanical Society of the British Isles.Rich, T.C.G & Houston L. (2006). Sorbus whiteana (Rosaceae), a new endemic tree fromBritain.Watsonia 26: 1-7.Robinson, R.A., Sutherland,W.J. (2002). Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity inGreat Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology. 39: 157-176.79

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A VA S C U L A R P L A N T R E D D ATA L I S T F O R WA L E SFeatured SpeciesTwo species have been selected to illustrate the value of producing a Vascular PlantRed Data List for Wales.Bog Orchid (Hammarbya paludosa)Least Concern in Great Britain but Endangered in WalesBog Orchid is a diminutive species of very wet acidic sites where there is some movementof water. It is usually found on saturated sphagnum moss but also occurs on peaty mud andamongst grasses on the edges of runnels and flushes.This species has declined considerably in Great Britain, especially as a result of drainage inthe lowlands before 1930, and it has been lost from many English counties. Losses still occurthroughout its range and declines in the uplands are usually attributed to overgrazing.Resent surveys have shown it to be more frequent than previously thought, but it is alsoquite a dynamic species and appears to move around in the environment. Despite theselosses and the dynamism, this species is regarded as Least Concern in Great Britain, as itsrange has been more stable recently and new populations have been found.In Wales, Bog Orchid is an enigmatic species, with most records coming from upland flushes.Plants appear only sporadically at some sites, while at others it is known to have reappearedfollowing the cessation of grazing. Other sites have become very degraded throughovergrazing and few plants are now recorded.The recent loss of sites in Caernarfonshireand Merioneddshire means it is regarded as Endangered in Wales and is in need of specificconservation action.BOB GIBBONS / NATURAL IMAGEThree-lobed Water-crowfoot (Ranunculus tripartitus)Endangered in Great Britain but Least Concern in WalesThree-lobed Water-crowfoot is an annual plant of bare damp mud, drainage ditches, shallowpools and pond edges that dry out in summer, and also in sphagnum bogs. It prefers siteswhere peat overlies nutrient-poor mineral clays. It is most frequent where heathland gradesinto rushy pasture and where poaching by cattle keeps muddy areas open for germination.In Great Britain, this species has suffered a very significant decline, mainly through habitatdestruction and a reduction in disturbance by undergrazing. Losses have been especiallymarked in Devon and Cornwall, and from Surrey and Kent, where many populations havebecome extinct.Again, this is a dynamic species and can appear or disappear from siteswithin a few years. Better surveying, however, has uncovered new populations and manysites are monitored regularly. In Great Britain, this species is regarded as Endangered,primarily because of the losses in southern England.In Wales, this species has always been more frequent than in England, and does not exhibitsuch a severe pattern of decline.Although it has been lost historically from 20 sites, acombination of improved surveying (which has revealed new sites) and the restoration ofappropriate management (a reintroduction of grazing onto heaths along with ‘pinch-point’management to create the open mud necessary for germination) means that 28 sites arenow known, many of which are in favourable condition.This UK BAP species is increasingin Wales and it is regarded here as Least Concern.TREVOR DINES / PLANTLIFE

1Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury Wiltshire SP1 1DX UK.Telephone +44 (0)1722 342730 Fax +44 (01722 329 035enquiries@plantlife.org.uk www.plantlife.org.ukPlantlife International – The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee.Registered Charity Number: 1059559 Registered Company Number: 3166339. Registered in England and Wales.Charity registered in Scotland no. SC038951.© Plantlife International, June 2008ISBN 1-904749-92-5DESIGN BY RJPDESIGN.CO.UK

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