Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda ...

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)AcronymNYSMNZGSPIRSPIUVPRIQMRGMRSMSAFMSAMSBMNHSHMSMFSMNHSMTTMHUCMUCMPUIMGUMTUMZCUNAMUOUPMNUSNMUWMWAMWSMYPMZINZMAZMBZMOZMUCZMUUZSIInstitutionNew York State Museum, Albany, USANew Zealand Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, Lower Hutt (NZ Geological Survey), NewZealandPrimary Industries and Resources of South Australia, Adelaide, AustraliaPaläontologisches Institut, Universität Wien, AustriaPaleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, USAQueensland Museum, Brisbane, AustraliaRijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden, NetherlandsRoyal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, UKSouth African Museum, Cape Town, South AfricaSouth Australian Museum, Adelaide, AustraliaSanta Barbara Museum of Natural History, USASaito Ho-on Kai Museum, JapanNatur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, GermanyNaturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, SwedenSakurai Museum, Tokyo, Japan; transferred to NSMTTasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, AustraliaUniversity of Colorado Museum, Boulder, USAUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, USAUniversity of Ife, Museum of Geology, NigeriaUniversity Museum Tokyo, JapanUniversity Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, UKInstituto de Geologia, Universidade Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, USAMuseo di Paleontologica, Università di Napoli, ItalyNational Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USABurke Museum of Natural History & Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, USAWestern Australian Museum, Perth, AustraliaWashington State Museum, Seattle, USAYale Peabody Museum, Yale, USAZoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, RussiaZoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, NetherlandsZoologisches Museum Berlin, GermanyZoologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, NorwayZoologisk Museum Copenhagen, DenmarkZoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitet, SwedenZoological Survey of India, CalcuttaThe Cenozoic mollusk card catalogs housed bythe Department of Paleobiology, NationalMuseum of Natural History, SmithsonianInstitution (USNM), are invaluable resources thatmerit wider notice. During the middle part of the20th century, Barbara A. Bedette and DruidWilson, paleontologists associated with the USGeological Survey, maintained a card catalog,comprising 4” × 6” cards with typed informationon the Atlantic Gulf Coastal Plain species ofCenozoic mollusks from the southeastern UnitedStates (approximately, Maryland to Texas).Meanwhile, another US Geological Survey paleontologist,Wendell P. Woodring, similarlymaintained a card catalog, comprising 3” × 5”cards with handwritten information on thespecies of Cenozoic mollusks described from“tropical America” (the islands of the Caribbean;Mexico; Central America; and the northern partof South America). Both card catalogs containedentries for fossil scaphopod species described inthe 20th century that were not recorded in theZoological Record and were overlooked in the subsequentliterature. Although these card catalogshave not been updated for some years, researcherswho visit the Smithsonian collections may wishto examine these files.The catalog consists of 1965 entries. There are828 entries of Recent scaphopod species-groupnames, 517 of which are here considered validZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)553

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.species. The entries are alphabetically ordered bytheir original binomen following the scheme:species, original genus Author, year: page. Stratigraphyof type locality. Type locality [translatedinto English and/or modern equivalent as needed].Depository of type material. Synonymy.Current taxonomic status (reference if differentfrom original combination). Geographic distribution.Bathymetric range. Remarks.Names of valid Recent species are in boldface.Names of the 816 valid fossil species-groupnames are preceded by a dagger (†) symbol. Thesynonymies given are based upon publisheddeterminations. Where contradictory opinionshave been published, one is given preference andthe alternative is noted in the Remarks.Synonymies, current status and distribution aregiven only for a few fossil taxa. Synonymies donot include misidentifications, as their completelisting is beyond the scope of this paper. We havenot attempted to resolve all transfers of syntypesand paratypes subsequent to the original descriptions,a problem caused by the fact that suchtypes were sometimes split off from the originallots long after the original descriptions (especiallyat the museums of the United States of America);thus, types are often located in depositories notcited in the original publication. Additionalinformation such as modern locality names,depths in m, references cited by Linnaeus andGmelin, etc., is given in square brackets. Boss(1988) provided full references for the oftencrypticabbreviations used by Linnaeus (1758,1767) and many of those used by Gmelin(1791). Current generic assignments are tentativefor many species due to the lack of anatomicaldata needed to distinguish certain genera.The generic assignments of Recent species thathave not been recently studied were based uponthe generic diagnoses in Scarabino (1995). Informationon bathymetric ranges can be problematic,since published records do not alwaysdifferentiate between live-collected specimensand empty shells, the latter of which can betransported to deeper depths before beingdredged. Hence, researchers interested in determiningthe bathymetric range for a given speciesare advised to examine the relevant specimens inmuseum collections to ascertain their taphonomicstatus.For the sake of completeness, we have includedincorrect subsequent spellings in this catalog.They refer to the corresponding valid name.Although these are not available names (ICZN1999: article 33.3), their inclusion herein willreadily allow future generations of researcherswho find these names in the older literature todetermine their status from this catalog.Table 1 lists the abbreviations of type specimendepositories taken from Kabat & Boss (1992:188-232), with some additions. The currentdepositories of type material were, in some cases,difficult to determine. Information was obtainedfrom the original descriptions, from catalogs oftype specimens, on-line searches in museumdatabases, correspondence with curators, andfrom visits to The Natural History Museum(London), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle(Paris), and the National Museum of NaturalHistory (Washington, D.C.). The most importantlists of types of Recent scaphopod species,among others listed by Kabat & Boss (1992: 243;1997: 354), are Turner (1955), Palmer (1958),Dance (1967), Zeidler & Macphail (1978), Giles& Gosliner (1983), Oliver (1984), Scott et al.(1990), Spamer & Bogan (1992), Wallin (1992),Kilias (1995), and Boyko & Sage (1996). Otherimportant sources of information on types offossil scaphopod species are Newton (1891),Beecher (1900), Maury (1917), Rossi Ronchetti(1955), Flügel (1959), Ludbrook (1959), Brann& Kent (1960), Hanzawa et al. (1961), Keyes(1972), Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984), and White(1998). It was not always possible to obtain informationon the current status of type material (i.e.if a lectotype had been designated) for severaltaxa. If the original publication and any relevantsubsequent publications, or correspondence withmuseum curators, did not yield information onthe status of type specimens, then the entry reads“Type material in [museum]” without greaterspecificity Due to the relocation and re-catalogingof the Mollusca collection in the NationalMuseum of Natural History (Washington,554ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)TABLE 2. — Number of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda for the most prolific authors, including originaldescriptions and replacement names. *, including co-authored species names.Recent Fossil TotalAuthor No. Author No. Author No.Henderson 51 Sacco 67 Pilsbry* 99Scarabino 47 Pilsbry* 54 Sacco 67Lamprell & Healy 46 Cossmann* 42 Henderson 51Locard 45 Deshayes 29 Dall 49Pilsbry* 45 Meyer* 20 Scarabino 47Boissevain 39 Martin 19 Lamprell & Healy 46Dall 37 Gardner 18 Locard 45Watson 31 Tate 18 Cossmann* 45Sowerby* 30 Koenen 16Habe* 19 Chenu 14Jeffreys 19 Palmer C. P. 13Plate 17 Dall 12Chistikov 14 D’Orbigny 12Janssen R. 11D.C.), paratype catalog numbers for severalspecies (especially of Henderson’s types, whichsometimes shared catalog numbers with otherlots) are not available at present.Boissevain (1906), in her monograph on theSiboga Expedition scaphopods, introduced39 species-level names of Scaphopoda. Unfortunately,this monograph had a number of typographicalerrors regarding the numbers ofspecimens and dredging station numbers forsome of the type material; furthermore, some lectotypedesignations by subsequent authors havenot always clearly identified the precise specimenthat was to be the lectotype. Robert Moolenbeekand A. N. Van der Bijl (ZMA) have thoroughlyreviewed the Siboga type material andBoissevain’s annotated copy of her monograph.Based upon this review, they have carefully reconciledthe discrepancies in this monograph andin the subsequent literature regarding the typematerial. We have incorporated their correctionsinto our catalog.A comparison of the most prolific authors ofRecent species (Table 2) shows that Hendersonintroduced 52 new names; Scarabino 47 names;Lamprell & Healy 46 names; Locard and Pilsbry45 names each; Boissevain introduced 39 namesof Recent species-group taxa. Sacco coined 67fossil species-group names; Pilsbry and his coauthors54 names; Cossmann and his co-authors42 names.Determining the correct locations of type depositories,synonyms and validity of Recent taxa havereceived considerably greater attention than offossil taxa, primarily because of the neontologicalbackground and interests of the first author. Forthe same reason, stratigraphic ranges of fossilspecies are not provided, beyond the informationin the original description.The taxonomic research activity in Scaphopoda,measured in names introduced per decade, variedconsiderably through time (Fig. 1). After lownumbers of species described during the late 18thand early 19th centuries, first the number ofnewly described fossil species increased in thewake of prospecting and mining activities in thecourse of the industrial revolution. With theonset of ocean floor sampling expeditions, thenumbers of described Recent species followedsuit. The 1890s feature the unique peak inscaphopod research with over 280 newly introducednames, most of which originated in thepublications of Pilsbry, Locard, Sacco, andCossmann. The decline in research activity in the20th century is most conspicuous in the decadesof World Wars I and II. Taxonomic activityrebounded in the second half of the past centuryand peaked in its final decade mainly due to theZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)555

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.1701601501401301201101009080706050403020100RecentFossil17016015014013012011010090807060504030201001750-17591760-17691770-17791780-17891790-17991800-18091810-18191820-18291830-18391840-18491850-18591860-18691870-18791880-18891890-18991900-19091910-19191920-19291930-19391940-19491950-19591960-19691970-19791980-19891990-19992000-2004FIG. 1. — Number of species-group names introduced per decade for fossil and Recent taxa. The period from 2000 to 2004 includesthe names introduced herein.monographs of Scarabino (1995) and Lamprell& Healy (1998). With increased sampling activitiesin the tropical Indo-Pacific region, the levelof descriptions of new species will likely be sustainedin the first decade of this century. So far,in the period from 2000 to 2004, 18 new nameswere published, including those introduced inthe present paper.The present contribution to scaphopod taxonomyis not intended as a global revision but constitutesa documentation of the status quo. Toobtain an accurate estimate of the total numberof valid species and the number of species in eachgenus, it became necessary to include eighthitherto unpublished synonyms and eightnew combinations. These include several byB. Métivier (in litt.) and V. Scarabino (in litt.).The appendices of the catalog summarize the rectificationsof nomenclature with the renamedhomonyms (Appendix 1) and the arguments fornew synonymies and new generic combinations(Appendix 2). The listing of valid Recent speciesfor each genus (Appendix 3) is updated fromSteiner & Kabat (2001). Finally, Appendix 4 liststhe presumably valid fossil taxa by their stratigraphicage.This catalog is the most complete publishedcompilation of species-level names in the classScaphopoda. However, we recognize that, giventhe abundance of this class in the Recent and fossilmarine fauna, and the proliferation of publicationsthat have been overlooked by recorders, itis not possible for this catalog to be 100%complete. In particular, we suspect that there arevalid names described by Chinese and Russianpaleontologists that we have not found (and arenot recorded in the Zoological Record), becausewe did not have the time to search through all therelevant publications listed in the RussianReferativnii Zhurnal or the Chinese GushengwuxueWenzhai [Paleontological Abstracts] (seealso Bouchet & Rocroi 1992, 1993). For thatreason, we do not intend that the present catalogbe considered for inclusion in a “List of AvailableNames in Zoology” pursuant to ICZN (1999)article 79.556ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)LIST OF SPECIES-GROUP NAMESabbreviatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.aberrans, Cadulus Whiteaves, 1887: 124, fig. 2.Recent. Dawson stn No. 20, Forward Inlet,Quatsino Sound, north-west coast of VancouverIsland [British Columbia, Canada], 10-20 fms [18-37 m]. Syntypes NMC 555 (5). Junior synonyms:C. hepburni Dall, 1897; C. fusiformis Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898; C. nitentior Arnold, 1903 (fideShimek 1989: 234, 235). Gadila aberrans(Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:193). Eastern Pacific: Alaska to SouthernCalifornia. 7-365 m. Remarks: Shimek (1989: 235)erroneously designated USNM 133809 as a “lectotypeof C. aberrans”. Emerson in Turgeon (1998:55) places this in Cadulus.abruptoinflatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906:75, pl. 6, fig. 65, text-fig. 39. Recent. Madura Strait[Indonesia], Siboga stn 5, 7°46’S, 114°30.5’E,330 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.106. Gadila abruptoinflata(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995:364). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 330 m.† abruptus, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 40, pl. 2,fig. 2. Oligocene. Newton and Wautubbee,Mississippi, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology638725, 638726. Dischides abruptus Meyer &Aldrich, 1886 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 360,361). Remark: Aldrich (1895: 4) and Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 235) as a probable junior synonym ofCadulus subcoarctuatus (Gabb, 1860).† absconditum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 212, 213,pl. 1, figs 15-17. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes,Chaumont, Saint-Félix and Mouchy), France.Antalis abscondita (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Le Renard1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).abyssicola, Helonyx subfusiformis var. Monterosato,1875: 20, 21. Recent. Palermo [Sicily], 210 m.Type material not located. Junior synonym ofCadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 163). Remark: Monterosato (1878:77) elevated this to a full species, but subsequently(1880: 65) treated this as a junior synonym ofHelonyx subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865).abyssorum, Dentalium M. Sars, 1859: 52. Recent.Norwegian coast. Type material not located. Juniorsynonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851)(fide Thorson & Spärck 1939: 2).† acicula, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Hodgkinson, 1974:22, 23, text-figs 7c-e, 8i-k; pl. 3, figs 2-6, 8, pl. 7,fig. 3, pl. 8, figs 3, 5a, b. Middle Eocene,Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation,Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, BrazosRiver Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180456; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 180451-180455, 180479,PRI 29230, ANSP 31508 (all from Scott’s localityMS-2-N, Little Brazos River).aciculatum, Dentalium Hall, 1860. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.aciculum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 165. Recent.Coast of China, 23°50’N, 25 fms [45 m]. LectotypeUSNM 24149 (designated by Johnson 1964: 36, as“holotype”); paralectotypes ANSP 35539 (1), MCZ169034 (ex NYSM 145) (1), MCZ 216577 (1).Junior synonym: Dentalium luchuanum Dall, 1926(fide Habe 1964: 24). Dentalium aciculum Gould,1859. Indo-Pacific: China, Japan, PhilippineIslands, Indonesia, eastern Australia. 5-1000 m.Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 93) placed thisspecies in Graptacme, but V. Scarabino (in litt.5.XI.2001) has determined that this is correctlyplaced in Dentalium.aciculum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 202, 203, pl. 1,figs 31, 32. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon andMontmirel), France. Junior homonym ofDentalium aciculum Gould, 1859. Replacementname: Dentalium acre Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898.acompsus, Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatusHenderson, 1920: 100, 101, pl. 17, fig. 4. Recent.Monkey River, British Honduras [Belize].Holotype ANSP 76557; paratypes ANSP 390502,USNM 314939 (not located). Junior synonym ofPolyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fideScarabino 1980: 11).† acre, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 197. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon andMontmirel), France. Replacement name forDentalium aciculum Deshayes, 1861, a junior homonymof Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859.† acriculum, Entalis Tate, 1887: 192, pl. 20, fig. 11.Lower Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia.Holotype and 8 paratypes SAM T 251. Junior synonym:Dentalium lacteolum Tate, 1899 (fideLudbrook 1959: 144). Dentalium (Laevidentalium)acriculum (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144,145, pl. 1, fig. 2).actiniophorum, Fissidentalium Shimek, 1997: 181-190, figs 1-6. Recent. Pulse Project, stn 1809 M,34°44’N, 123°12’W, 4100-4134 m off SouthernCalifornia. Holotype LACM 2792; paratypesLACM 2793, LACM 2809-2811, USNM 886326,BMNH 1996120-21. Fissidentalium actiniophorumShimek, 1997. Eastern Pacific: California.4100-4134 m.aculeatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 225,fig. 63. Recent. No information on type locality,type material and distribution. Antalis aculeata(Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 61).† acumen, Entalis“?” de Koninck, 1883: 216, pl. 49,fig. 22. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Dentaliumacumen (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 229).acuminatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 369, pl. 17,figs 19, 20. Eocene. Parnes and Mouchy-le-Châtel,Paris Basin, France. Junior synonym of DentaliumZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)557

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.fissura Lamarck, 1818 (fide Deshayes 1864: 213).Fustiaria fissura (Lamarck, 1818) (fide Newton &Harris 1894: 65).acuminatum, Dentalium Brown, 1849: 243, pl. 98,fig. 74. Name for Dentalium entalis sensu J.Sowerby 1814. Tertiary. Hordwell Cliffs, England,United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentaliumacuminatum Deshayes, 1825. Objective junior synonymof Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825.acuminatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 62, pl. 3,figs 34-39. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym ofDentalium acuminatum Deshayes, 1825 andDentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849. Replacementname: Dentalium gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1898, itself a junior homonym ofEntalis gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888); replacementname: Dentalium infortunatum Pilsbry & Sharp,1898.acuminatus, Cadulus “Deshayes” Angas, 1871: 97.Recent. Middle Harbour, Port Jackson, New SouthWales, Australia. Nomen nudum (fide Ludbrook1978: 86). Remark: it seems unlikely that Angas hadmisidentified an Australian species with Deshayes’name, since D. acuminatum Deshayes, 1825 doesnot resemble any species assigned to Cadulus.† acuminatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887: 194. Oyster bedsof the Upper Aldinga series [Late Pliocene ofAustralia]. Holotype SAM T 231A. Gadila acuminata(Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 147).Indo-Pacific: South Australia. 47-164 m.acus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 432, pl. 27, fig. 11. Recent.Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, 16 fms [29 m].Lectotype USNM 95379 (designated by Henderson1920: 140); paralectotypes USNM 887454; MCZ7751, AMNH 148337 (2), AMNH 148342 (8).Gadila acus (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 191). Western Atlantic: Caribbean, Florida,Bahamas, Brazil. 20-550 m. Remark: Turner (1955:317) erroneously stated MCZ 7751 to be the “holotype”(fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 29).acus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.acus, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 274, 275. Recent. Gulfof Suez. Holotype UMZC I.100,735. Junior homonymof Dentalium acus Eichwald, 1857.Replacement name: Dentalium cookei Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 29.† acutangularis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi,1874: 645. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Italy.acuticosta, Dentalium – Nyst 1835: 36 non Deshayes1825. Oligocene. Near Antwerp, Belgium. Nextavailable name: Dentalium kickxii Nyst, 1843.† acuticostata, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 357, pl. 18,fig. 3. Eocene. London, England, Great Britain.Replacement name for Dentalium striatum J.Sowerby, 1814, a junior homonym of Dentaliumstriatum Born, 1778. Objective junior synonym:Dentalium bartonense Palmer, 1974 (n. syn.).acuticostatum, Dentalium (Graptacme) Plate, 1908a:352, pl. 30, fig. 37. Recent. Dar-es-Salaam,Tanzania, East Africa, Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S,39°1.2’E, 50 m. Holotype ZMB 61082. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes,1825. Replacement name Graptacme acutistriatan. nom.acutissimum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 514, 515[Watson 1886: 8, pl. 1, fig. 8]. Recent. North ofPapua New Guinea, Challenger stn 218, 2°33’S,144°04’E, 1070 fms [1957 m]. Lectotype BMNH1887.2.9.31 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 110,as holotype); paralectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.32.Graptacme acutissima (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 94). Indo-Pacific: East Africa toAustralia, Japan and New Caledonia. 865-3749 m.Remarks: paralectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.33(Challenger stn 246, 36°10’N, 178°0’E, east ofJapan, 2050 fms) is a different species (Scarabino1995: 243; Lamprell & Healy 1998: 98). Lamprell& Healy (1998: 97) obviously overlookedLudbrook’s lectotype designation and selected thesame specimen as lectotype.acutistriata, Graptacme n. nom. Recent. Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa, Valdivia stn 244,5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. Holotype ZMB 61082.Replacement name for Dentalium (Graptacme) acuticostatumPlate, 1908 non D. acusticostataDeshayes, 1825. Graptacme acutistriata Steiner &Kabat, 2004. Known from type locality only.Remark: Kilias (1995: 171) noted that Plate gavethe incorrect station number, i.e. stn 247, but thecorrect coordinates.acutisulcatum, Dentalium Gurley, 1883: 7.Carboniferous, “Lower Coal Measures”. Newport,Vermillion County, Indiana, USA. Syntypes FMUC.6314 (2) (fide Forney & Nitecki 1976: 11).Junior synonym of Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall,1858), the oldest available name for Dentalium sublaeveHall in Miller, 1877, a junior homonym ofDentalium dentalis var. sublaeve Cocconi, 1874 (fideYancey 1978: 307). Objective junior synonym:Prodentalium fredericae Engeser & Riedel, 1992.acutoides, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183. Jurassic,Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting, Dixton West, nearGotherington, near Cheltenham, England, UnitedKingdom. An unnecessary replacement name forDentalium acutum Richardson, 1906, a junior homonymof Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849.Objective junior synonym of Dentalium richardsoniCossmann, 1907.† acutum, Dentalium Hébert, 1849: 469. Oligocene.Dego, Tertiary Piedmont Basin [Italy]. Junior synonyms:Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197); Dentalium (Entalis)acuta var. apenninica Sacco, 1897 (fide Bonci et al.2000: 206, 207). Antalis acuta (Hébert, 1849) (fideBonci et al. 2000: 206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4). Remark:The specimens Deshayes (1864: 205, pl. 20, figs 1-4)558ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)misidentified as Dentalium acutum belong toDentalium novaki Koenen, 1892 (fide Cossmann1892: 330).acutum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 574, pl. 45,figs 10, 11. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting,Dixton West, near Gotherington, nearCheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849.Replacement names: Dentalium richardsoniCossmann, 1907; Dentalium acutoides Emerson,1954.† addicotti, Cadulus (Platyschides “?”) Emerson, 1957:990, pl. 126, fig. 2. Miocene, Temblor stage. 1 mileSW of mouth of Kern River Gorge, Kern County,California, USA. Holotype UCMP 37584; paratypesUCMP 37585-UCMP 37589.† adelaidense, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Ludbrook,1956: 4, pl. 1, fig. 1. Pliocene. HindmarshBore and Dry Creek Sands, South Australia.Holotype SAM F 15141; 4 paratypes SAM.adenense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Ludbrook, 1954:97, fig. 2. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp.stn 28, 12°00’N, 50°38’42”E, 201 m. HolotypeBMNH 1952.3.25.124; paratypes BMNH1952.2.25.252-261, BMNH 1952.2.25.251(stn 103, 101 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.262 (stn 180,397 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.263-272 (stn 179B,275 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.46-52 (stn 185,2000 m). Dentalium adenense Ludbrook, 1954.Red Sea. 201-2000 m. Remark: BMNH1952.3.25.124 carries the label “stn 185, 2000 m”.adenensis, Entalina Ludbrook, 1954: 112, fig. 17.Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 185,2000 m; 13°48’06”-36”N, 49°16’48”-24”E.Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.20; paratype BMNH1952.3.25.21. Entalina adenensis Ludbrook, 1954.Known from type locality only.aegeum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 509, 510 [Watson1886: 2, pl. 1, fig. 2]. Recent. Off London River,Kerguelen Islands, Challenger stn 149 (8), 48°50’S,69°18’E, 110 fms [198 m]. Holotype BMNH1887.2.9.8. Fissidentalium aegeum (Watson, 1879)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 69). Indian Ocean. 88-2926 m.aenigmaticum, Dentalium Jordan, 1895: 264, 265,pl. 16, fig. 1. Recent. Faroe Channel, “cold area”,Triton stn 8 [60°18’N, 06°15’W, fide Warén 1980:59], 640 fms [1174 m]; off West coast of Ireland,1000 fms [1828 m]. Syntype(?) NMW. Junior synonymof Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fideFriele & Grieg 1901: 49).† aequale, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 205, pl. 20,figs 5-7. Eocene. Paris Basin (Cuise-la-Motte,Laversine, Laon, Osly and Cuisy-en-Almont),France. Remark: a valid species of Antalis (fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).aequalis, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 34. Recent. Off Tortugas,Blake stn 43, 24°08’N, 82°51’W, 339 fms[618 m]. Lectotype USNM 95373 (designated byHenderson 1920: 109); paralectotypes USNM887455, MCZ 7740. Gadila aequalis (Dall, 1881)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 170). Western Atlantic,Caribbean: Florida. 618 m. Remark: Turner (1955:318) erroneously stated that MCZ 7740 was theholotype.aequatorialis, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311,312, text-fig. 10. Recent. Off West Sumatra,Valdivia stn 191, 0°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m.Lectotype ZMB 75372 (designated by Kilias 1995:171); paralectotype ZMB 75373 (stn 256, offSomalia, 1°49’N, 45°29.5’E, 1134 m). Cadulusaequatorialis Jaeckel, 1932. Indo-Pacific: EastAfrica to Indonesia and New Caledonia. 750-1915 m.aequatorium, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 112, 113, pl. 21, fig. 43. Recent. Off Manta,Ecuador, U.S. Fish Commission, stn 2792, 401 fms[720 m]. Holotype USNM 122759. Rhabdusaequatorius (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Known fromtype locality only.aequicostata, Dentalium dentalis var. Foresti, 1895:252. Pliocene. Ponticello in val di Savena, nearBologna, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentaliumaequicostatum Koenen, 1892. Junior synonym ofAntalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Remark: underICZN (1999) articles 31.2 and 34.2, this speciesname must be emended to aequicostatum in order toagree in gender with Dentalium, which renders it ajunior homonym. Its synonymy with Antalis dentalis,however, makes it unnecessary to introduce areplacement name.† aequicostatum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 981-983,pl. 59, figs 3, 4. Lower Oligocene. Lettorf, Calbeand Unseburg, Germany.affine, Dentalium Biondi, 1859: 120-122, pl. 1, fig. 7.Recent. Sicily, Italy. Type material not located.Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa,1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42).affine, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 201, pl. 1, figs 12-14. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes), France. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium affine Biondi, 1859.Replacement names: Dentalium xiphias Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898; Dentalium desmoulinsi Le Renard,1994.affine, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. Tertiary.Dominican Republic. Syntype ANSP 2711. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium affine Biondi, 1859, andDentalium affine Deshayes, 1861. Replacementname: Dentalium gabbi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a.affine, Siphodentalium [sic] Gardner, 1878: 62, 63,pl. 3, figs 41-44. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym ofSiphonodentalium affine M. Sars, 1865; replacementname: Entalina gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry& Sharp, 1898.affine, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 300, 301,pl. 6, figs 34, 35. Recent. Lofoten Islands[Norway], 100-300 fms [183-548 m]. SyntypesZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)559

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.SMNH 4625 (Lofoten, 200-300 fms [365-548 m]).Pulsellum affine (M. Sars, 1865) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 140). Northern Atlantic. 70-3400 m.africanum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 224, 225, pl. 5,fig. 10. Recent. Natal, South Africa, north ofUmtwalumi [Mtwalume] River, 25 fms [45 m].Holotype BMNH 1903.7.27.54; paratypes BMNH1903.7.27.55-56, SAFM A5489 (A5491), ZMB59876, NMW. Graptacme africana (Sowerby,1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 244). Indian Ocean:South Africa, Madagascar. 45-384 m.agassizi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897:26, 27, pl. 12, figs 90-94. Recent. Gulf of Panama,Albatross stn 3393, 7°15’N, 79°36’W, 1020 fms [1862m]. Holotype USNM 122985; paratypes USNM601273. Dentalium agassizi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897.Eastern Pacific: California to Panama. 757-2322 m.agassizii, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. South ofMarquesas Key, Florida, Blake stn 5, 24°05’N,82°13’W, 229 fms [418 m]. Holotype MCZ 7764.Synonym: Cadulus agassizii hatterasensis Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (n. syn.). Gadilaagassizii (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:168). Western Atlantic: Florida to Maine. 40-545 m. Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55)places this in Polyschides.agile, Dentalium G. O. Sars, 1872: 31-34, pl. 3, figs 4-15 [ex M. Sars MS]. Nomen nudum in M. Sars(1869: 257 [14]). Recent. Lofoten Islands, Norway.Syntypes ZMO 32725, 25955-56, 26034 (16),26035 (44). Name for Dentalium incertum sensuPhilippi 1844, a junior homonym of Dentaliumincertum Deshayes, 1825. Junior synonym:Dentalium fusticulus Brugnone, 1876 (fideMonterosato 1880: 64); Dentalium vagina Jeffreys,1877 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46). Antalis agilis(G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46).Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Norway to AscensionIsland, and North Africa, Mediterranean; WesternAtlantic: Canada to Caribbean. 60-5000 m.agulhasense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 349, pl. 30,figs 21-23. Recent. Cap Agulhas [South Africa],Valdivia stn 95, 34°51’S, 19°37.8’E, 80 m.Lectotype ZMB 61087a (designated by Kilias 1995:172); paralectotype ZMB 61087b. Junior synonymof Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859 (fide Barnard1974: 742).† akasakensis, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925: 107, 108[23, 24], pl. 8 [1], figs 17, 17a. Permian.Kinshozan, Akasaka-Machi, Mino province, Japan.Holotype Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ. (fideHanzawa et al. 1961: 209).† alatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 60, 61, pl. 3,figs 16-20. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,England, United Kingdom.† alazanum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Cooke, 1928: 9,pl. 2, figs 6, 6a. Oligocene. Alazan Clay, Rio Buenavista, west of Alazan, Vera Cruz, Mexico. SyntypeUSNM Paleobiology 352709 (1).alba, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898: 110.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium scamnatum, a junior synonym ofFissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B.Métivier, n. syn.).albicomatus, Cadulus Dall, 1890: 295, pl. 9, fig. 8.Recent. Off Manta, Ecuador, USFC stn 2792,0°37’S, 81°W, 401 fms [731 m]. Syntypes USNM602251, USNM 87539, SBMNH 35018 (2),AMNH 146292 (1). Striocadulus albicomatus(Dall, 1890) (fide Emerson 1962: 478). EasternPacific: Ecuador, Gulf of Panama. 731-3056 m.albida, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofAntalis agilis (G.O. Sars, 1872).albida, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium ergasticum P. Fischer, 1883, a junior synonymof Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877)(B. Métivier, n. syn.).albida, Dentalium rubescens var. Monterosato, 1875:20; 1878: 76. Nomen nudum.albida, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898:109. Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofFissidentalium semivestitum (P. Fischer in Locard,1898).albina, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32.Nomen nudum without type locality or description.albina, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884:33. Nomen nudum without type locality or description.† aldrichi, Cadulus Gardner, 1933: 200, pl. 20, fig. 1.Eocene, Midway Group, Wills Point Formation.USGS stn 8245, Salado Creek, Bexar County,5.3 miles SE of San Antonio, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 373066. Name forCadulus subcoarctatus sensu Aldrich 1895.† alineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 142,pl. 34, figs 1, 2. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian,Woodbine Formation. Lamar County Locality 201,near old Slate Shoals, Red River, 8 miles east ofArthur City, Lamar County, Texas, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 105603; paratypes USNMPaleobiology 105604-105606.alloschismum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) liodon var.Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 108, pl. 21, figs 40-42.Recent. St Martin [Caribbean]. Holotype ANSP35552. Synonym of Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897) (fide Díaz 1989: 31, as Laevidentaliumliodon “forma” alloschismum; generic placement fideScarabino 1975: 185). Caribbean. 63-120 m (fideV. Scarabino, in litt. 5.XI.2001).alternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 17;1850: 1. Type locality not specified. Type materialnot located. Nomen dubium.560ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)alternans, Dentalium J. Müller, 1851: 5, pl. 3, figs 1a,1b. Cretaceous. Königsthore, Germany. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843.Replacement name: Dentalium muellerianumPilsbry & Sharp, 1898.alternans, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 71, 72, pl. 2,figs 45, 46. Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé, Belgium.Junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu,1843, and Dentalium alternans Müller, 1851;replacement name: Dentalium confusum Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.alternans, Dentalium Bucquoy, Dautzenberg &Dollfus, 1882: 561-564, pl. 66, figs 7-9. Recent.Roussillon [Gulf of Lion, Mediterranean coast ofFrance]. Junior homonym of Dentalium alternansChenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium inaequicostatumDautzenberg, 1891. Antalis inaequicostata(Dautzenberg, 1891) (generic placementfide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 52). Remark: Dentaliuminaequicostatum is itself a junior homonym ofDentalium inaequicostata Seguenza, 1879. However,we prefer not to introduce yet another name for thistaxon until its status is clear (see also Remarks forAntalis inaequicostata. Earlier replacement namesturned out to be preoccupied: Dentalium dollfusiCossmann, 1899 is a junior homonym ofDentalium dollfusi Koenen, 1883. Moreover,Cossmann was unaware of Dentalium inaequicostatumDautzenberg, 1891 (fide Cossmann 1900b:186).alternans, Antale dentale var. Sangiorgi, 1926: 119,pl. 7 [1], fig. 31 [ex Berti MS]. Neogene. Ponticelladi Sàvena, near Bologna, Italy. Junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843,Dentalium alternans Müller, 1851, Dentalium alternansRyckholt, 1851, and Dentalium alternansBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882. Replacementname: Dentalium sangiorgii Emerson, 1954.Antalis sangiorgii (Emerson, 1954) (fide Caprotti1979: 237).alternatum, Dentalium Lea, 1833: 34, 35, pl. 1, fig. 2.Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. LectotypeANSP 5005 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965:369 as “holotype”); paralectotypes ANSP 5006 to5014. Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloidesConrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218).amaliense, Dentalium (Graptacme) Henderson, 1920:71, pl. 11, figs 4, 5. Recent. St Thomas [VirginIslands]. Holotype and paratype USNM 250088.Junior synonym of Graptacme eborea (Conrad,1846) (fide Scarabino 1975: 185).† amalthei, Dentalium Engel, 1891: 34, pl. 3, fig. 11[as nomen nudum in Engel 1890: 42]. Jurassic:Middle Liassic. Filsbetts near Eislingen, Germany.Laevidentalium amalthei (Engel, 1891) (fide Engeser& Riedel 1992: 40, 44).ambiguum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 1;1850: 1. Recent. Type locality unknown. Syntype(?)MHNG 1155/34 (fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996).Laevidentalium(?) ambiguum (Chenu, 1843) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 100). Remark: Genericplacement and systematic validity of this taxon areuncertain.americanum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, figs 9,10; 1850: 1. Recent. “Côtes d’Amérique”. Syntype(?)MHNG 1155/15. Junior synonyms: Dentalium texasianumPhilippi, 1849; Dentalium picteti Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897; Dentalium texasianum rioense Henderson,1920; Dentalium texasianum cestum Henderson,1920; Dentalium rebeccaense Henderson,1920 (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). Paradentaliumamericanum (Chenu, 1843) n. comb. WesternAtlantic and Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 5-150 m.amiantus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 431, pl. 27, fig. 7.Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 19,23°03’N, 83°10’30”W, 310 fms [566 m]. LectotypeMCZ 7749 (designated by Henderson 1920:128, 129, as “the type”); paralectotypes USNM95378 (off Cape San Antonio, Cuba, 1002 fms[1829 m]); the other type specimen cited by Dall(off Cape Florida, 8 fms [15 m]) was not located.Gadila amianta (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 174). Western Atlantic: Caribbean. 15-1829m. Remark: Henderson (1920: 113, 114) recognizedthat the original description of Cadulus amiantusDall, 1889 encompassed two species;therefore, he described parvus for those specimensof “amiantus” that were not conspecific with amiantuss.s.amphialum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 510 [Watson1886: 3, pl. 1, fig. 3]. Recent. Mouth of La PlataRiver, Challenger stn 323, 35°39’S, 50°47’W,1900 fms [3468 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.9(designated by Henderson 1920: 59 as “the type”);the second specimen mentioned by Watson was notfound. Fissidentalium amphialum (Watson, 1879)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 71). Western Atlantic:Brazil. 1800-3740 m.amphora, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1883: 665, 666, pl. 49,figs 9-11. Recent. Porcupine 1870, Atlantic, stn 16,54°19’N, 11°50’W, 816 fms [1489 m] (fide Warén1980: 53, 57). Holotype BMNH 85.11.5.1286(fide Warén 1980: 53). Cadulus amphora Jeffreys,1883. Eastern Atlantic. 1489 m.ampullaceus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 529 [Watson1886: 23, pl. 3, fig. 11]. Recent. Culebra Island,West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N,65°05’30” W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH1887.2.9.93. Cadulus ampullaceus Watson, 1879.Western Atlantic: Caribbean. 320-3392 m.anatorum, see aratorum.† anceps, Dentalium J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837:135, 136, pl. 8, fig. 17. Eocene. Lower Heath,Hampstead, London, Great Britain. Antalis anceps(J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837) (fide Newton &Harris 1894: 66, as “Entaliopsis”).anceps, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1898: 185[143], pl. 20 [7], figs 13-15 [ex Meneghini MS].ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)561

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Oligocene. Via degli Orti and Valle Orgagna, Italy.Junior homonym of Dentalium anceps J. Sowerby,1837. Replacement name: Dentalium vinassaiCossmann, 1912.andersoni, Polyschides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 170,figs 174E, 175E, 180. Recent. Off Woollongong,New South Wales, Australia, 34°27’-26’S,151°27’E, 1200 m. Holotype AMS C174896;paratypes AMS C169929 (22), AMS C173797 (2;80 km south west of Cape Martin, South Australia,37°50’-55’S, 139°15’-25’E, 1555 m), AMSC174895 (3; off Sydney, New South Wales,33°31.33’S, 152°08-07’E, 914-907 m), AMSC169930 (1; off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°37-39’S, 152°04.02’E, 924-896 m), AMS C169932 (9;east off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°35-37’S,152°05’E, 1143-1106 m), AMS C169933 (3; offNowra, New South Wales, 34°50’S, 151°15’E,841 m), AMS C169934 (5; off Sydney, New SouthWales, 33°35’S, 152°09’E, 1097 m), AMSC169988 (7; east of Sydney, New South Wales,33°44’S, 151°57’E, 322 m). Polyschides andersoniLamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: SEAustralia. 153-1555 m.† andleri, Dentalium Oppel, 1856: 93. Jurassic. NearVaihingen, Germany. Remark: Tate (1870b: 17)suggested that Dentalium andleri Oppel, 1856 “isprobably a synonym” of Dentalium portlocki Tate,1870 [Jurassic, Ireland], “but, assuming that thetwo names refer to the same species, the imperfectdiagnosis of Oppel justifies me in discarding hisname”.† andrewsi, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933: 27, pl. 3,fig. 7. Eocene, Bartonian. Gebel Mokattam, east ofKaït-Bey, Egypt.† angelae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 41.Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria. Replacementname for Dentalium arctoides var. multicostataGugenberger, 1934, a junior homonym ofDentalium multicostatum Favre, 1869.† angsananum, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1921: 479,pl. 60 [3], fig. 87. Miocene. Tji Angsana, nearNjalindung, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7282(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111).anguidens, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1898: 32,pl. 1, fig. 6. Recent. Off Madras, India. SyntypesManchester Museum (fide Trew 1987: 24). Gadilaanguidens (Melvill & Standen, 1898) (fideScarabino 1995: 364). Indo-Pacific: India, Indonesia,Japan, Red Sea. 2-732 m.† angulare, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897: 13, pl. 1,fig. 1. Cretaceous, Maestrichtian. Kunraed,Germany.angulati, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443. Jurassic,Liassic. Europe. Nomen nudum.† angulatum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison,1845: 101. Jurassic, Pliensachian. Lias Marlstone,Alderton, Dumbleton and Stanway Hills, England,Great Britain. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 37)concluded that “the description does not correspondwith any known scaphopod genus”.angulatum, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1897: 163[ex Meneghini MS]. Tertiary. Roncà, Italy. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium angulatum Buckman inMurchison, 1845. Remarks: Vinassa de Regny consideredthe single, incomplete shell only to be a newform. We prefer not to introduce a replacementname for this dubious species.† angusticostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972:556, 557, pl. 1, figs 6-8, text-figs 5a-c. Miocene,Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 kmsouth-southwest of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains,Poland. Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection.angustior, Cadulus Verco, 1911a: 211, 212, pl. 26,figs 5, 5a, b. Recent. 18 miles SE of Newland Head,outside Backstairs Passage, South Australia, 26 fms[48 m]. Holotype SAM D 13728; possible paratypeNMW. Gadila angustior (Verco, 1911) (fideLamprell & Healy 1998: 150). South Australia. 24-667 m.angustistriatum, Paradentalium Chistikov, 1979a:110, 111, fig. 2. Recent. Vietnam, Orlik T.13,18°00’N, 109°16’E, 47 m. Holotype MMSU.Paradentalium angustistriatum Chistikov, 1979.Indo-Pacific: Vietnam. 22-151 m.† angustum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 210, 211,pl. 1, figs 1-3. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon,Parnes, Fontenay-Saint-Père, Mouchy, Mouy andVaudancourt), France. Remark: a valid species ofAntalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard &Pacaud 1995: 85).† anisicum, Dentalium Schnetzer, 1934: 32, pl. 1,figs 7-10. Middle Triassic, Anisian. Saalfelden,Austria.† annectens, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925:210, pl. 28, fig. 11. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 353077.annulare, Dentalium Sowerby, 1829: 199. Recent.East Indies. Types not located in BMNH. Juniorsynonym of Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus,1767) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116).annulata, Dentalium McClelland, 1834. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.annulata, Entaliopsis Newton & Harris, 1894: 67,pl. 6, fig. 1. Eocene, London Clay. Portsmouth,Southampton and Primrose Hill, England, GreatBritain. Secondary junior homonym of Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium annulatumCristofori & Jan, 1832; Dentalium annulatumSandberger, 1842; Dentalium annulatum Meyer,1886; and Entalis annulatum Tate, 1887; replacementname: Dentalium entaliopsis Pilsbry & Sharp,1898. Junior synonym of Antalis constricta (Newton& Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90, 91).† annulatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingGuettard (Mineral. Belustig. 4 t. 5 f. 3)]. [Fossil].Type locality not specified. Remarks: Sacco (1897:112) listed two Italian citations to this species as a562ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)potential senior synonym of Dentalium (Fustiaria)jani Hörnes, 1856. We have not found the publicationof Guettard as cited by Gmelin.annulatum, Dentalium Cristofori & Jan, 1832: 2.[Fossil]. Italy. Types not located. Junior homonymof Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. Sacco(1897: 112) listed this name together with Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin as a potential senior synonymof Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani Hörnes, 1856.We, thus, do not propose a replacement name untilthe relationships of these taxa are revised.annulatum, Dentalium Jay, 1850. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.annulatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger,1856: 240, pl. 26, figs 20, 20a. Nomen nudum inSandberger (1842: 399). Carboniferous. Villmar(“Stringocephalenkalk”), Germany. Junior homonymof Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791;Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832.Replacement name: Dentalium annuliferum Pilsbry& Sharp, 1898.annulatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886: 64, 65, pl. 1,fig. 1. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. LectotypeUSNM Paleobiology 638812 (as “holotype” inPalmer & Brann 1965: 365). Junior homonym ofDentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; Dentaliumannulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832; Dentaliumannulatum Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856.Replacement name Dentalium parannulatumn. nom. Remark: Hodgkinson (1974: 20)concluded that this species “probably is valid”, havingrejected the conclusion of Palmer (1937: 19)that it was the juvenile stage of Dentalium minutistriatumGabb, 1860. However, neither Palmer norHodgkinson renamed this junior homonym.annulatum, Dentalium Kokay, 1966: 67, 113, pl. 10,fig. 15. Miocene, Tortonian. Bakony, Hungary.Holotype Hungarian Geological Collection, M.279.Junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin,1791, Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832,Dentalium annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger,1856, Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886; replacementname: Dentalium bakoniense Palmer, 1974.annulatum, Entalis Tate, 1887: 191, 192, pl. 20,figs 6a, 6b. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria,Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAM T 250A.Junior secondary homonym of Dentalium annulatumGmelin, 1791. Replacement name: Dentaliumaustralis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.Laevidentalium australe (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry& Sharp, 1898) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 145).† annulatus, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911: 168. Miocene.Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 649. Polyschidesannulatus (Pilsbry, 1911) (fide Woodring 1925:207, 208, as Cadulus (Polyschides) annulatus).annulatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823: 312. [Fossil].Paris, France. Remark: this taxon might correspondto Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; butKrueger did not cite Gmelin.† annuliferum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:229. Carboniferous. Villmar (“Stringocephalenkalk”),Germany. Replacement name forDentalium annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger,1856, a junior homonym of Dentalium annulatumGmelin, 1791.† annulopunctatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann& Pissarro, 1902: 180, pl. 31, fig. 39. Eocene.Fresville, Cotentin, France.† annulostriatum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen,1871: 45. Carboniferous. Danville, Illinois, USA.annulosum, see anulosum.† anomalocostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata “?”var. Sacco, 1897: 110, pl. 9, fig. 57 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Type material not mentioned by Ferrero Mortara etal. (1984: 308).† anomalum, Dentalium (Entalina) Cossmann &Peyrot, 1917: 171, 172, pl. 2, figs 19, 20. Miocene,Helvetian. Saint-Martin-de-Hinx, France.antarcticus, Cadulus dalli var. Odhner, 1931: 5-7, pl. 1,figs 5-7, 9, 11, 13, 14; pl. 2, fig. 18-21, 24, 25. Recent.Graham Region, Swedish Antarctic Exp. stn 8,64°05’S, 56°37’W, 360 m; stn 11, 65°19’S, 56°48’W,400 m. Syntypes SMNH 4196 (fide Sandberg &Warén 1993: 122). Synonym of Siphonodentaliumdalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Steiner & Linse2000: 21-25). Antarctica. 130-695 m.† antarctotubulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Stilwell &Zinsmeister, 1992: 174, pl. 25, figs q, r. LowerTertiary, La Meseta Formation. IPS locality 443,Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 441875; paratypes USNMPaleobiology 441876, 441877.antillarum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1853: 202, pl. 25,figs 10-13. Recent. Saint-Thomas [Virgin Islands].Syntypes BMNH.10.4.467 (2). Antalis antillaris(d’Orbigny, 1853) (fide Henderson 1920: 44).Western Atlantic and Caribbean: Florida to Brazil.1-300 m.† antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166,fig. 2. Devonian? Eifel Mountain, Germany.antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.antverpiense, Dentalium Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72.Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum.anulata, Dentalium entalis var. Jeffreys, 1865: 192.Recent. British Islands. Type material not located.Synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758).anulosum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 58. Recent.Princess Charlotte Bay, Queensland, NE Australia,13 fms [24 m]. Lectotype AMS C170759 (designatedby Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53) and 1 paralectotype.Junior synonym of Episiphon subtorquatum(Fischer, 1871) (fide Scarabino 1995: 286).Remarks: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 104) consideredanulosum to be a valid species of Omniglypta.Dentalium annulosum [Hedley 1901: 129] is anincorrect subsequent spelling.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)563

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.apenninica, Dentalium (Entalis) cf. acuta “?” var.Sacco, 1897: 106, 107, pl. 9, figs 14-16 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Oligocene. Dego,Piedmont Basin [Italy]. Lectotype MRSNBS.106.03.008 (designated by Bonci et al. 2000:206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4); paralectotypes MRSNBS.106.03.009, DSTRG 1173/Sa-II-S10 (1),DSTRG 2105/Sa-II-S48 (1). Junior synonym ofAntalis acuta (Hébert, 1849) (fide Bonci et al. 2000:206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4).† apicostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Vokes, 1939: 105,pl. 16, fig. 25. Eocene, Domengine Formation.UCMP locality 672, southern portion of the crestof Parson’s Peak, Coalinga Quadrangle, California,USA. Holotype UCMP 15747.† applanatum, Dentalium Torley, 1908: 43. Devonian.Schleddenhofes, near Iserlohn, Germany.applanatum, Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) Colman, 1958:145, fig. 12. Recent. 35 miles E of Sydney, 1463 m.Holotype AMS C22652; paratypes AMS C170645(24). Junior homonym of Dentalium applanatumTorley, 1908. Replacement name: Dentalium colmani(Palmer, 1974b: 124). Rhomboxiphus colmani(Palmer, 1974) (fide Chistikov 1983: 183).aprinum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1263. [No referencesgiven]. Recent. Indian Ocean. Possible syntypeLS 611. Junior synonyms: Dentalium striatumBorn, 1778 partim; Dentalium striatulum Gmelin,1791; Dentalium lupinum Röding, 1798 partim;Dentalium caprinum Anton, 1838 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 3); Dentalium interstriatum Sowerby,1860 (fide Habe 1964: 6, 7); Dentalium aprinumincolor Boissevain, 1906. Dentalium aprinumLinnaeus, 1767. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Philippines,New Caledonia and Australia. 5-123 m.† aquensis, Gadila Holzapfel, 1888: 179, pl. 20, fig. 8.Cretaceous. Near Vaals, Netherlands. Cadulusaquensis (Holzapfel, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 255).† arabicum, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933: 27, 28, pl. 3,fig. 8. Eocene, Bartonian. Gebel Giouch, east ofCitadelle du Caire, Egypt.aratorum, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 273, 274. Recent.Gulf of Suez, 10-30 fms [18-55 m]. SyntypesUMZC I.100,740. Junior synonym of Dentaliumclavus Cooke, 1885 (fide Boissevain 1906: 25, asDentalium macandrewi). Remark: Singer (2003)removed D. clavus along with this species from thesynonymy of D. reevei Fischer, 1871. Dentaliumanatorum [Sharabati 1984: caption to pl. 1] is anincorrect subsequent spelling.† aratum, Dentalium Tate, 1887: 192, pl. 20, fig. 8.Miocene. River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan;Muddy Creek; Schnapper Point; Muloowurtie yellowclays near Ardrossan, Australia. Holotype and25 paratypes SAM T 256A. Paradentalium aratum(Tate, 1887) (fide Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 223,224); Dentalium (Dentalium) aratum Tate, 1887(fide Ludbrook 1959: 140).aratus, Cadulus Hedley, 1899: 551, fig. 60. Recent.Funafuti Atoll, Pacific Ocean, 60 m. Syntypes AMSC5635, AMS C5636, AMS C5638. Cadulus aratusHedley, 1899. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to NewCaledonia. 45-460 m.† araucanum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12,fig. 17; 1887b: 101, 102, pl. 12, fig. 17. Tertiary.Lebu, Chile.† archiaci, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873:443 [17], 465 [39], pl. 6, fig. 10; 1876: 265, 275.Eocene, Auversien. Biarritz, France.† arciformis, Dentalium Conrad, 1846a: 212, pl. 1,fig. 3. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Juniorsynonym: Dentalium leai Meyer, 1885 (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 199).† arcotinum, Dentalium Forbes, 1846: 138, pl. 12,fig. 16. Cretaceous. Pondicherry, India. Remark:Tate (1889: 230) inadequately used this name for aspecies that was later described as Fustiaria wollumbillaensis(Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892)(fide Stilwell 1999: 220).† arcticus, Cadulus Dall, 1920: 30, pl. 5, fig. 8.Pliocene. USGS station 7070, Carter Creek, CamdenBay region, Arctic coast, Alaska, USA. LectotypeUSNM Paleobiology 324322 (designated byMacNeil 1957: 107, pl. 12, fig. 27, as “holotype”);paralectotypes USNM Paleobiology. Siphonodentalium“?” arcticus (Dall, 1920) (fide Emerson1957: 986). Remark: Emerson (1957: 986) alsocited USNM 324322 as the “holotype” and referedto “paratypes unnumbered”.† arctoides, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 42, 43,pl. 1, fig. 14 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a:102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. North of Launsdorf,Austria. Prodentalium arctoides (Gugenberger,1934) (fide Stiller 2001: 630).† arctum, Dentalium Pichler, 1857: 695. Triassic.Tirol, Austria. Prodentalium arctum (Pichler, 1857)(fide Stiller 2001: 630).† arcturus, Calstevenus Yancey, 1973: 1063, 1064,text-fig. 1a-1f. Lower Permian, Arcturus Group,Riepetown Formation. Buck Mountain, south of theRuby Range, White Pine County, eastern Nevada,USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 179130;paratypes USNM Paleobiology 179131-179135.arctus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 124,pl. 19, fig. 19. Recent. Off Cape San Blas, Florida,USBF stn 2404, 28°44’N, 85°16’W, 60 fms [109m]. Holotype USNM 323955; paratypes USNM151830, AMNH 148348 (1). Gadila arctus (Henderson,1920). West Atlantic, Caribbean. 109 m.arcuata, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7,figs 8, 9. Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofPolyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835).arcuata, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofCadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877.564ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)arcuata, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118.Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic].Type material not located. Synonym of Antalisagilis (G. O. Sars, 1872).arcuatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingGualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. G]. Recent. Type localitynot specified. Type material not located. Junior synonymof Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2).† arenarium, Dentalium Römer, 1855: 13, pl. 3,fig. 16. Paleozoic? Spirifer-Sandstone, near Schalke,Harz Mountains, Germany. Remark: Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 230) suggested that this taxon “mayprove to be a Pteropod, Coleolus”.arenarium, Dentalium (Episiphon) Suter, 1907: 214,215, pl. 18, fig. 11. Recent. Port Pegasus, StewartIsland, New Zealand, 18 fms [33 m]. HolotypeNZGS TM1219 (fide Boreham 1959: 75) ; paratypesSAM D 16001(fide Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 83),ZMB 61911 (fide Kilias 1995: 172). Junior homonymof Dentalium arenarium Römer, 1855. Replacementname: Dentalium suteri Emerson, 1954: 185.Antalis suteri (Emerson, 1954) (fide Dell 1957: 573).arguticosta, Dentalium Brugnone, 1878: 25. Tertiary.Monte Pellegrino and Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonymof Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54; Bellini 1909: 226).arietinum, Dentalium Müller, 1776. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† armillatum, Dentalium Toula, 1911: 496, pl. 31,fig. 8. Miocene. Gatun, Panama. Type material notlocated. Synonym: Dentalium armillatum proterumWoodring, 1973. Remark: Woodring (1973: 482)gave “Technische Hochschule, Vienna” as typedepository; this could not be verified.† armoricense, Siphonodentalium Cossmann, 1902:109 [159], pl. 10 [15], figs 26, 27. Eocene. Le Bois-Gouët and Arthon, France.arnaudi, Polyschides Scarabino, 1995: 338, 339,figs 141, 147b, h. Recent. West Indian Ocean, MD32 Réunion, stn DC 124, 20°52’S, 55°37’E, 40 m.Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (13),USNM 890855 (1); NM (1). Polyschides arnaudiScarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Madagascar, LaRéunion. 40-980 m.arne, Cadulus (Platyschides) rushii Henderson, 1920:118, pl. 18, fig. 9. Recent. Off New Jersey [USA],USBF stn 2234, 30°09’N, 72°03’05”W, 810 fms[1478 m]. Holotype and 5 paratypes USNM314729. Synonym of Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898). Western Atlantic: New Jersey,Massachusetts. 360-1796 m.† arnoensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992: 188, pl. 9,figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS locality GS9480 andGS9508, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge,South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGSTM7232; paratypes NZGS (2).arnoldi, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:111, 112, figs 112B, 113D, 116. Recent. OffCairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S,146°48’E, 303 m. Holotype QM MO53676;paratypes QM MO17768 (189; northernQueensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.5’E, 303 m), QMMO17971 (27; 17°21.06’S, 147°02.5’E, northernQueensland, 303 m), QM MO17996 (15;17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO53677 (202;17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO17892 (45;17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO17996 (56;northern Queensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.5’E,303 m), AMS C201737 (2 lots: 229; east ofInnisfail, Queensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.52’E,296-303 m; many; 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m),AMS C310225 (2; east of North West Island,Queensland, 23°15.2’S, 152°24.1’E, 284 m).Laevidentalium arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998.Indo-Pacific: NE Australia. 155-1224 m. Remark:V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that thestatus of L. arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-àvisL. houbricki Scarabino, 1995 requires furtherresearch.† arrosus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925:210, pl. 28, fig. 12. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 353078.artatus, Cadulus Locard [ex Jeffreys MS], 1897a: 4(nomen nudum in Jeffreys 1880: 317). Recent. Bayof Biscay, 1019-2651 m. Type material not located.Cadulus artatus Locard, 1897. Eastern Atlantic:Bay of Biscay to Angola. 1019-2651 m.asgum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 171, pl. 17,figs 22-24. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Typematerial lost (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 369).Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad,1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218).† ashiyaensis, Dentalium Nagao, 1928: 88, 89, pl. 14,figs 38-44. Paleocene. Sakamizu beds (Sakamizu)and Wakita beds (Wakita), Shimago-mura, Ongagun,Chikuzen Province, Kyushu, Japan. Holotypeand paratype Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ.(fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209).asperum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 144, pl. 5,figs 20, 21. Miocene. Tortone, Italy. Junior synonymof Coccodentalium radula (Gmelin, 1791)(fide Sacco 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 7-15). Dentaliumaspersum [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling.asperum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 53, pl. 5, fig. 7.Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. BalizaPunta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-080. Junior homonymof Dentalium asperum Michelotti, 1847.Replacement name: Dentalium bruneti n. nom.aspersum, see asperum Michelotti, 1847.† asphaltodes, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943:307, pl. 29, figs 110-112. Upper Oligocene.Waisiu, Buton Island, Indonesia.† astensis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco,1897: 104, pl. 8, figs 72, 73 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Astigiana, Italy.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)565

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.063, BS.106.02.064(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306).† astensis, Dentalium (Fustiaria) polita var. Sacco,1897: 112, pl. 10, fig. 24. Pliocene. Astigiano, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.06.001 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 309).† atava, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var.Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 56 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.048 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 304).† atavus, Cadulus (Gadila) Finlay & Marwick, 1937:111, pl. 15, fig. 20. Eocene. Castle Hill Shaft,Matau, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4815(fide Keyes 1972: 97). Cadulus (s.l.) atavus Finlay &Marwick, 1937 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424).atlanticus, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 137-139, pl. 20, fig. 2. Recent. Off Nantucket Island[Massachusetts, USA], USBF stn 2682, 39°38’N,70°22’W, 1004 fms [1830 m]. Holotype USNM78238; paratypes USNM 78238 (3), MCZ 186815(1), AMNH 148338 (2; USBF stn 2115, 843 fms[1538 m]). Cadulus atlanticus Henderson, 1920.Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Delaware, USA.780-1934 m.atlantideus, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1955: 100,101, fig. 5. Recent. Guinea, Atlantide stn 44,10°22’N, 16°22’W, 41-55 m. Syntypes ZMUC.Dischides atlantideus (Nicklès, 1955). EasternAtlantic: Guinea, Mauritania. 9-55 m.atramentum, Dentalium Schlüter, 1838: 39. “Fossil”.Nomen nudum.attenuata, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofPolyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835).attenuata, Cadulus cyathus var. Monterosato, 1875: 21(1872: 27, as Cadulus ovulum var. attenuata, nomennudum). Recent. Ficarazzi (Palermo) [Pleistocene ofItaly] and Mediterranean. Cadulus attenuatusMonterosato, 1875 (fide Di Geronimo & La Perna1997: 417, in remarks to Cadulus ovulum).Mediterranean. No bathymetric data. Remarks:introduced as a nomen nudum, the name is laterreferred to the Pliocene species Cadulus cyathus (DeCristofori & Jan, 1832), by Monterosato (1875:21), Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 158) and Caprotti(1968: 78). Here, the decision of Di Geronimo &La Perna (1997: 417) is favoured, keeping C. attenuatusseparate from C. cyathus and C. ovulum.attenuata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884:32. Recent. Mediterranean. Nomen nudum.† attenuatum, Dentalium Say, 1824: 154, 155, pl. 8,fig. 3. Miocene. Maryland, USA. Type material inBMNH Palaeontology (fide Newton 1902: 304).Junior synonym: Dentalium duodecenaria Conrad,1862 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199).attenuatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225,fig. 40. Recent. Type locality not specified. Typematerial not located. Junior homonym of Dentaliumattenuatum Say, 1824. Episiphon attenuatum(Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 120).Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 120) stated thattheir Dentalium (Episiphon) longum may be a juniorsynonym of this species. Since the locality is unknownfor both species, these names are of dubious value,and we prefer not to rename the junior homonym.† aturensis, Pseudantalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917:179, 180, pl. 1, figs 67-72. Miocene, Burdigalianand Helvetian. Dax (Maïnot), Saint-Paul-lès-Dax,and Salies-de-Béarn, Clermont (Landes), France.austinclarki, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1951:24-26. Recent. Santa Inez Bay, Baja California[Mexico], W around Santa Inez Point, 6-12 feet [2-4 m]. Holotype USNM 602347; paratypes USNM602347, SBMNH 35021. Gadila austinclarki(Emerson, 1951). Eastern Pacific: Mexico toPanama, Galapagos. 2-73 m.austini, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 31-33, figs 20E, 21E, 27. Recent. CullenBeach, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.Holotype MV F75838; paratypes MV F67466(18), MV F67474 (13; Cameron Beach, Shoal Bay,Darwin), MV F67469 (16), AMS C172543 (13;Dudley Point, on mud flats [Northern Territory,Australia]), AMS C172539 (5; east end CullenBeach, Darwin [Australia]), AMS C172540 (14;Port Darwin [Australia]), AMS C380639 (2;Mindel Beach, Darwin [Australia], low tide), WAM106-93 (1; off Eagle Bay [Australia], 32 m).Dentalium austini Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 0-32 m.australasiae, Siphonodentalium Boissevain, 1906: 64,pl. 6, fig. 68. Recent. Banda Sea, Siboga stn 211,5°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E, 1158 m. Holotype ZMA3.06.087. Siphonodentalium australasiae Boissevain,1906. Known from type locality only.† australis, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 199. Miocene. Muddy Creek,Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAMT 250A. Replacement name for Entalis annulatumTate, 1887, a junior secondary homonym of Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin, 1791. Laevidentalium australe(Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)(fide Ludbrook 1959: 145, pl. 2, fig. 1).badenense, see badense.† badense, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 652, 653, pl. 50,fig. 30 [ex Partsch MS]. Miocene. Baden, Austria.Lectotype NMW 1846.37.534 (designated by Pavia1991: 147); paralectotypes NMW (10). Fissidentaliumbadense (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991:146-148, pl. 5, fig. 4, pl. 6, fig. 6). Remarks:Trautschold (1859: 313, pl. 6, figs 4a-4c) erroneouslyidentified a species from the Oligocenearound Aral Sea as Dentalium badense which waslater named Dentalium trautscholdi Koenen, 1868.Dentalium (Entalis) badenense “Ptsch.” [Boettger,1902: 181] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.566ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)† bakoniense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124.Miocene, Tortonian. Bakony, Hungary. HolotypeHungarian Geological Collection, M.279.Replacement name for Dentalium annulatumKokay, 1966, a junior homonym of Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin, 1791, D. annulatum Cristofori& Jan, 1832, D. annulatum Sandberger &Sandberger, 1856, and D. annulatum Meyer, 1886.balanoides, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Plate, 1908a:357, pl. 30, figs 42-44. Recent. Valdivia stn 186,03°22.1’S, 101°11.5’E, 903 m, West Sumatra.Holotype ZMB 61109. Calliodentalium balanoides(Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 275). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia.187-903 m.bambusa, Anulidentalium Chistikov, 1975: 19.Recent. Tonkin Bay, Vietnam, Pelamida stn 38, 72m. Lectotype ZIN 1 (designated by Chistikov1979: 113); paralectotype ZIN (Pelamida stn 2,87 m). Anulidentalium bambusa Chistikov, 1975.Indo-Pacific: Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia. 38-270 m.banale, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Boissevain, 1906:55, pl. 6, fig. 30. Recent. Indonesia, Timor Sea,Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.068 (designated by Lamprell& Healy 1998: 114); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.069(1). Laevidentalium banale (Boissevain, 1906) (fideHabe & Kosuge 1964: 7). Indo-Pacific: Indonesiato West Australia. 0-918 m. Remarks: Scarabino(1995: 292) considered this species to be a juniorsynonym of Laevidentalium leptosceles (Watson,1879), an opinion rejected by Lamprell & Healy(1998: 184). Ludbrook (1954: 105) mentioned a“holotype” but did not indicate which of the 2 specimensshe referred to; thus, the lectotype selectionby Lamprell & Healy (1998) is considered valid.bandata, Dentalia Perry, 1811: caption to pl. 52. Typelocality not specified. Nomen dubium. No informationon type material.† bandeli, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 43,44, pl. 1, figs 1-3, text-fig. 1. Jurassic, MiddleLiassic, Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/1;paratype GPIMH 2516/2.† bangtoupoensis, Laevidentalium Stiller, 2001: 620-623, figs 3, 5.1-5.4. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic.Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province,southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-1; paratypes GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-2,GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-3, GPIM B6D-1.S1.F30:32-1, GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-4.barbadensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) transitorius Henderson,1920: 144, pl. 19, fig. 7. Recent. Sandy Bay,Barbados, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype USNM95375. Junior synonym of Cadulus transitoriusHenderson, 1920. Remarks: MCZ 7744 (Blake, offBarbados, 100 fms) was labeled by Henderson asbeing a “cotype” of barbadensis, but this specimenwas not mentioned in the original description and isneither a syntype nor a paratype. Turner (1955:318) cited this specimen as a “paratype” even thoughshe recognized that it was not cited by Henderson.† barquense, Dentalium “?” Winchell, 1862: 425.Carboniferous, Huron Group. Pointe aux Barques,Michigan, USA. Remarks: Winchell (1865: 131),based upon examination of additional specimens,questioned whether this species might actually represent“corals with very large hollow axes”.† barremicum, Dentalium Cossmann, 1916: 31, pl. 2,figs 4, 5. Cretaceous, Barremian. Gisement desAugustines, near Brouzet-les-Alais, Gard, France.barremicus, Dentalium Sasonova, 1958: 131, 132,pl. 13, figs 1-3, pl. 14, fig. 2, pl. 15, fig. 2.Cretaceous, Barremian. River Kubre, near VolgaRiver, Russia. Junior homonym of Dentalium barremicumCossmann, 1916. Replacement name:Dentalium kubraense Palmer, 1974.bartletti, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson, 1920: 55,56, pl. 8, figs 2, 7. Recent. Off Frederickstadt,St Cruz, Blake stn 130, 451 fms [825 m]. HolotypeUSNM 224986; paratypes USNM 93121 (1; offCape Fear, North Carolina, USBF stn 2616, 17 fms[31 m]), USNM 93840 (9; between MississippiDelta and Cedar Keys, USBF stn 2398, 227 fms[141 m]), USNM 94081 (1; Off Arrowsmith Bank,Yucatan, USBF stn 2355, 399 fms [728 m]),USNM 95368 (3; NW of Tortugas, Blake stn 44,539 fms [984 m]), USNM 95369 (1; Martinique,Blake stn 211, 357 fms [652 m]), USNM 95370(1; off Morro Light, Habana, Blake stn 100,400 fms [730 m]), USNM 95371 (11; St Vincent,West Indies, Blake stn 230, 464 fms [847 m]),USNM 314449, 314450 (2; off Fowey Light,Florida, Eolis stn 353, 85 fms [155 m]), USNM323776 (1; off Cape San Blas, Florida, USBFstn 2399, 196 fms [358 m]), USNM 330524 (1; offCape Florida, Florida, USBF stn 2644, 193 fms[352 m]), AMNH 148300, 148301 (2; offSt Vincent Island, Blake stn 230, 13°13’20”N,61°18’45”W, 464 fms [847 m]). Antalis bartletti(Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic andCaribbean. 30-1000 m.bartonense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 125. Eocene.London, England, Great Britain. Replacementname for Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, ajunior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born,1778. Junior objective synonym of Dentalium acuticostatumDeshayes, 1825 (n. syn.). Remarks:Palmer (1974b: 125) proposed Dentalium bartonenseas a replacement name, apparently beingunaware that Deshayes had already renamed thisspecies. Used as a valid species of Antalis by LeRenard (1995: 175) and Le Renard & Pacaud(1995: 86), who were unaware that it was an objectivejunior synonym.† basteroti, Entalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 178,179, pl. 1, figs 42-45. Miocene, Burdigalian andZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)567

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Aquitanian. Mérignac (le Pontic), Dax (Maïnot),Saint-Médard (La Fontaine), Cestas, Saint-Paul-lès-Dax, Léognan (Thibaudeau), Canéjean, Martillac(Pas-de-Barreau), and Pessac (Lorient), France.† batheri, Dentalium Finlay, 1927: 521. Carboniferous.New Zealand. Replacement name forDentalium huttoni Bather, 1905, a junior homonymof Dentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880.beachportensis, Tesseracme Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938. Nota scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.bednalli, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 248.Recent. St Vincent’s Gulf, South Australia. HolotypeANSP 72554. Junior synonym of Paradentaliumintercalatum (Gould, 1859) (fide Verco1904: 135).beecheyi, Pulsellum Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 146,147, figs 150C, 151C, D, 153. Recent. 200 kmNorth of Croker Island, Northern Territory,Australia, 9°14’S, 132°54’E, 145 m. Holotype AMSC174890; paratypes AMS C172289 (6), AMSC172288 (2; 17°34’S, 120°22’E, c. 212 km NW ofRoebuck Bay, Western Australia, 188 m), AMSC172293 (7; 9°18’S, 133°38’E, 230 km N ofGoulburn Island, Northern Territory, 135 m),AMS C172296 (4; 9°24’S, 133°02’E, 180 km N ofCroker Island, Northern Territory, 125 m).Pulsellum beecheyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 18-256 m. Remark: thelatitude of the type locality in the original description,“29°14’S,” is apparently an error for 9°14’S.belcheri, Cadulus (Dischides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:145, pl. 26, figs 84-87. Recent. North Pacific. HolotypeUSNM 107703. Dischides belcheri Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898. North Pacific: Japan. 0-50 m.belcheri, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 224,figs 28, 29. Recent. East Indian Archipelago[Indonesia]. Lectotype BMNH 1996077/1 (designatedby Scarabino 1995: 201, “[...] the largest(25 mm) of the 3 syntypes BMNH”); paralectotypesBMNH 1996077/2 + 3. Junior synonym ofDentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825 (fide Habe1963: 258). Remark: Tomlin (1931: 337) placedDentalium belcheri in the synonymy of Dentaliumstrigatum Gould, 1859.belcheri, Prodentalium Nassichuk & Hodgkinson,1976. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described asScaphopoda.† bellulus, Cadulus Clark, 1895: 5; 1896: 72, pl. 14,fig. 6. Eocene. Woodstock, Hanoverville, Virginia,USA.† benoisti, Gadila Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 182,183, pl. 2, figs 1-3. Miocene. Giraudeau, France.Replacement name for Gadus ventricosus Benoist,1873, a junior homonym of Cadulus ventricosus(Bronn, 1828). Junior synonym: Gadila benoistihoutalensis (Goddeeris, 1977) (fide Janssen 1984:117, 118, pl. 42, figs 18a, 18b).berryi, Dentalium Smith & Gordon, 1948: 216, 217,pl. 3, figs 1, 4. Recent. Monterey Bay; MontereyCo., Humpback Reef [California], 40 fms [73 m].Holotype CAS 065592; paratypes SBMNH 35020,CAS 065593 (1), CAS 065594 (2), CAS 065595(1; Monterey County, off Cabrillo Point, near bellbuoy, 20 fms [37 m]), ANSP 185227 (1; near bellbuoy, Pacific Grove, Monterey Bay, California,36°36’N, 121°56’W). Antalis berryi (Smith &Gordon, 1948) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988:50). Eastern Pacific, California. 37-73 m. Remark:Keen (1971: 884) listed Dentalium (Antalis) pretiosumberryi as a southern subspecies of Antalis pretiosa.This indicates a possible synonymy ofA. berryi (Smith & Gordon, 1948) with D. indianorumCarpenter, 1864 and A. denseliratum Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898, both names for the southern variety orsubspecies of A. pretiosa . Further research isrequired to decide whether or not A. denseliratum isa senior synonym of A. berryi.bicarinatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 364, pl. 18,figs 16, 17. Eocene. Near Paris, France. Junior synonymof Dentalium duplex Defrance, 1819 (fideDeshayes 1864: 203).bicarinatum, Dentalium Wanner, 1902: 124, pl. 18,figs 9, 10. Cretaceous. North of Oasis Dachel,Libya. Junior homonym of Dentalium bicarinatumDeshayes, 1825. Replacement name: Dentaliumwanneri n. nom. Remark: Wanner’s description of awell preserved specimen is detailed and referred toby Quaas (1902: 234). We, therefore, decided torename this junior homonym.bicostale, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 71, pl. 2, figs 43,44. Cretaceous, Neocomian. Tournay, Belgium.Tentative junior synonym of Dentalium decussatumJ. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Ryckholt 1851).bifissum, Dentalium S. Wood, 1848: 190, pl. 20,fig. 3. Coralline Crag (Pliocene), Sutton, England.Type material not located. Junior synonym ofDischides politus (S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 144).† bifissuratum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850: 36, pl. 61,figs 11, 12, 14. Fossil. Locality not specified.Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) erroneouslydated this name to “1864” and they therefore listedit as a junior synonym of Dischides bilabiatus(Deshayes, 1861).† bifrons, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887: 192, 193,pl. 20, fig. 5. Tertiary (Miocene-Pliocene). Upperbeds at Muddy Creek, Hamilton, Victoria,Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAM T 255.Dentalium (Fissidentalium) bifrons Tate, 1887 (fideTate 1899: 261); Dentalium (Antalis) bifrons Tate,1887 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 142, 143, pl. 2, fig. 2).† bilabiatus, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 219, pl. 3,figs 22-24. Eocene. Paris Basin (Houdan, Grignon,Hérouval, Montjavoult, Rozières and Saint-Sulpice), France. Dischides bilabiatus (Deshayes,1861) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 235; Le Renard1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86).Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) erroneously568ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)listed Dentalium bifissuratum Deshayes, “1864” as ajunior synonym of this species; in fact, D. bifissuratumwas described in 1850, not 1864.billingsi, Salterella Safford, 1869. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.bimixtum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 172, pl. 17,figs 32-34. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Juniorsynonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218).† binkhorsti, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 220.Cretaceous. Belgium. Replacement name forDentalium nysti Van den Binkhorst, 1861, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852.† bironense, Dentalium Douvillé, 1929: 374, 375,pl. 32, fig. 1. Eocene. Biron-Marnière, France.bisexangulatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl.223, fig. 8. Recent. Java. Lectotype BMNH1993009/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998:65); paralectotypes BMNH 1993009/2-3 (2).Dentalium bisexangulatum Sowerby, 1860. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, East Africa to Australia, Java,Philippines, Japan. 1-720 m.bisinuatum, Dentalium André, 1896: 397, pl. 17,figs 9a-c. Recent. Amboyna [Ambon, Indonesia].Holotype MHNG 1155/40 (ex M3/35). Laevidentaliumbisinuatum (André, 1896) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 108). Known from the type localityonly. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggestedthat the status of D. bisinuatum vis-à-visLaevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) requiresfurther research.bisiphonata, Fustiaria Newton, 1891: 284 [ex EdwardsMS]. Lower Eocene. London Clay, HaverstockHill, England, Great Britain. Nomen nudum.Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 200) stated that“as the species is not mentioned by Newton &Harris [1894] in their later revision of BritishEocene Scaphopods, it is probably either not validor based on material unsuitable for characterization”.† bisissura, Cadulus “(?)” Garvie, 1996: 46, 47, pl. 9,figs 3-5. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, ReklawFormation, Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff onRidge Creek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30314;paratype PRI 30315.† bitubatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886: 64, pl. 3, fig. 1.Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA. LectotypeUSNM Paleobiology 638811 (as “holotype” inPalmer & Brann 1965: 366).† blandum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 172,pl. 17, figs 26-31. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama.Type material lost (fide Palmer & Brann 1965:366).† blountense, Cadulus Mansfield, 1935: 46, 47, pl. 5,fig. 10. Upper Middle Miocene. Locality 12046,Vaughan Creek, Walton County, Florida, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 373159.† bocasensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1922:338 [166], pl. 15, figs 2, 3. Miocene, Gatun Stage.Bocas del Toro, Costa Rica. Syntypes PRI 21116,PRI 21117 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 317).† boettgeri, Dentalium Noetling, 1901: 251, pl. 17,fig. 4. Miocene. Kama, Burma.† boggsi, Dentalium Berry, 1926: 19, 20, figs 1, 2.Eocene, Saman shale. Negritos, Peru.boissevainae, Antalis Palmer, 1974b: 124. Recent.Indonesia, Siboga stn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E,411 m. Holotype (of indicum Boissevain) ZMA3.06.051. Replacement name for Dentalium entalisvar. indicum Boissevain, 1906, a junior homonymof Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843. Junior synonymof Antalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fide Habe1961: 105, but not Habe 1963: 262). Remark:Scarabino (1995: 231) unnecessarily designated thesingle specimen as lectotype.boissevaini, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311, textfig.8. Recent. Off Zanzibar, Africa, Valdivia stn251, 1°40.6’S, 41°47.1’E, 693 m. Lectotype ZMB75359a (designated by Kilias 1995: 172); paralectotypesZMB 75359b, ZMB 75360. Junior synonym:Cadulus (Gadila) reesi Ludbrook, 1954 (fideScarabino 1995: 358). Gadila boissevainae (Jaeckel,1932) (fide Scarabino 1995: 358). Indian Ocean,Africa. 274-1280 m. Remark: since MariaBoissevain was a woman, the gender of the genetiveof the species name was emended by Scarabino(1995: 358).bonei, see bouei.booceras, Cadulus Tomlin, 1926: 298, pl. 16, fig. 11.Recent. Durban Bay, South Africa; Cangella (fideBarnard 1963b: 352). Syntypes BMNH1926.12.6.3, NMW. Siphonodentalium booceras(Tomlin, 1926) (fide Scarabino 1995: 333). IndianOcean: South Africa. 89-183 m.† boonei, Dentalium Cossmann, 1924: 22, 23, pl. 2,figs 13-16, 25, 26, pl. 7, fig. 24. Jurassic, Callovian.Doux, France.borcei, see bouei.bordaensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey,1940: 340, fig. 362. Recent. Off Cape Borda,Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 55 fms [100 m].Holotype SAM D 13761. Gadila bordaensis(Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) (fide Lamprell & Healy1998: 153). Indian Ocean: South Australia. 50-600 m.bordaensis, Dentalium (Episiphon) Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938: 220, 221, pl. 12, fig. 3. Recent.Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 60fms [110 m]. Holotype SAM D 13340. Episiphonbordaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) (fideLamprell & Healy 1998: 132). Indian Ocean:Australia. 75-400 m.† boreale, Dentalium Böhm, 1904: 53, 54, pl. 6,figs 17, 33, 36. Upper Triassic. Mount Misery, BearIsland, Spitsbergen, Arctic Sea.† borealis, Dentalium (Entalis) badense var. Kautsky,1925: 53, 54, pl. 5, fig. 12. Miocene. Hemmoorand Basbeck, Lower Saxony, Germany.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)569

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.† borelliana, Gadilina Pavia, 1991: 131, 132, pl. 7,figs 4, 5, 9, 10, pl. 8, figs 5, 6. Upper Miocene.Borelli, near Turin, Italy. Holotype and 192paratypes MIGT BS.D.12.1.† bothrum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Woodring, 1973:482, 483, pl. 75, figs 14, 23. Middle Miocene,upper part of Gatun Formation. USGS locality8413, upper edge of Chilas village, Río Indios,Colón Province, Panama. Holotype USNMPaleobiology 646730.boucheti, Antalis Scarabino, 1995: 234, 235, figs 42,45h, 45j, 73g. Recent. Loyalty Islands, RV Alis,MUSORSTOM 6 stn DW 428, 20°24’S,166°13’E, 420 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypesMNHN (12; MUSORSTOM 6: 1 from stnCC175; 1 from stn DW 397; 1 from stn DW 406,2 from stn DW 411; 3 from stn DW 428; 2 fromDW 446; 1 from stn DW 451; 1 from stn 481),AMS C201723 (1; stn DW 428), NMNZM268969 (1; stn DW 428), USNM 890859 (1; stnDW 397). Antalis boucheti Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines to New Caledonia. 360-842 m.boucheti, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1979: 64, 65,fig. 23. Recent. SE of Luanda, Angola, WALDA stnCY 15, 10°30.3’S, 11°55’E, 1756 m. HolotypeMNHN. Gadila boucheti (Nicklès, 1979). Knownfrom type locality only.† bouei, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 355, 356, pl. 18,fig. 8. Tertiary. Baden, near Vienna, Austria. Juniorsynonym: Dentalium intermedium Hörnes, 1856(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 200). Antalis bouei(Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pavia 1991: 114). Dentaliumbonei [Arduini 1895: 195] and Dentalium borcei[Michelotti, 1861: 136] are incorrect subsequentspellings.† bouryi, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann,1888: 13, pl. 1, figs 6, 7. Eocene. Parnes andMontainville, France. Dischides bouryi (Cossmann,1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 235; fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86).† boussaci, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183.Oligocene, Priabonian. Faudon, Allons andMartinets, France. Replacement name for Dentaliummartini Boussac, 1911, a junior homonym ofDentalium martini Whitfield, 1882 (Polychaeta).brazieri, Cadulus Finlay, 1927. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.braziliensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:124, 125, pl. 19, fig. 16. Recent. Off Rio deJaneiro, USBF stn 2762, 23°08’S, 41°34’W, 59 fms[108 m]. Holotype and paratype USNM 96113.Gadila braziliensis (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic: Brazil. 23-197 m.† brazosensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974:11, 12, text-figs 8p, q; pl. 1, figs 7-10, pl. 2, fig. 7.Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook MountainFormation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos River,Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology180431; paratypes USNM Paleobiology180448, PRI 29222, ANSP 31500 (all from Scott’slocality MS-2-N), USNM Paleobiology 180432-180434 (locality MS-2A-S).† breve, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 201, 202, pl. 1,figs 7, 8. Eocene. Paris Basin (Châlons-sur-Vesles,Jonchery), France. Fustiaria brevis (Deshayes, 1861)(fide Newton 1891: 284). Remark: a valid species ofDentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175;Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).brevicornu, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 125, pl. 22,figs 53-55. Recent. Near Galapagos Islands, USFCstn 2808, 0°36’30”S, 89°19’W, 634 fms [1159 m].Syntypes USNM 122809 (1), 600415 (1); LACM1757 (1, as paratype), SBMNH 35013 (1). Compressidensbrevicornu (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897). Eastern Pacific, Galapagos. 1159-1819 m.† brevifissum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 366, pl. 17,figs 13, 14. [Fossil]. Angers, Touraine, France.Dentalium brevissimum [Anton, 1838: 25] is anincorrect subsequent spelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 200).brevifissum, Dentalium – Galeotti 1837: 150. Tertiary.Jette, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium brevifissumDeshayes, 1825. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp(1898: 201) stated that Dentalium butini [sic] Nystis a “new name” for Galeotti’s species. However,Nyst did not cite Galeotti’s work, and D. burtiniNyst in d’Omalius-d’Halloy, 1853 is a nomennudum. We prefer not to rename this species untilits status is clarified.brevifissum, Dentalium Brugnone, 1876: 20, 21,fig. 30. Tertiary. Monte Ficarazzi, Italy. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes,1825. Replacement name: Dentalium brugnonein. nom.† breviforme, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904: 312[description]; 1903: 283 [name only]. Tertiary.Siout Mountain, Egypt.† brevis, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 219, 220, pl. 3,figs 25-28. Eocene. Paris Basin (Aizy and Hérouval),France. Remark: a valid species of Dischides(fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud1995: 86).brevissimum, see Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes,1825.† brongniarti, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 212, pl. 2,figs 20, 21. Eocene. Paris Basin (Montmirel,Parnes, Damery, Brasles, Mouch, Vaudancourt,Fercourt and Saint-Félix), France. Remark: a validspecies of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).browni, Dentalium Hisinger, 1837. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† brugnonei, Dentalium n. nom. Tertiary. MonteFicarazzi, Italy. Replacement name for Dentaliumbrevifissum Brugnone, 1876 non Dentalium brevifissumDeshayes, 1825.570ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)† bruneti, Dentalium n. nom. Upper Miocene,Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha,Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina.Holotype MPEF-PI-080. Replacement name forDentalium asperum Brunet, 1995 non Dentaliumasperum Michelotti, 1847.† bruscasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964: 130,131, pl. 18, figs 15, 16. Pliocene, Playa GrandeFormation. Station W-26, Quebrada Las Bruscas,Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26897.brycei, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 155, 156,figs 155H, 156G, 164, 166A-C. Recent. NNW ofDampier, Western Australia, 19°34’S, 116°08’E,110 m. Holotype WAM 237/94; paratypes WAM64-93 (7; NNW of Dampier, 19°34’S, 116°08’E,110 m), WAM 238/94 (10; Exmouth Gulf[Western Australia]), AMS C311959 (1; MonkeyMia, Shark Bay [Western Australia], 25°48’S,113°43’E), AMS C173593 (1; 19°00.8’S,118°01.3’E, 133 km NNW of Port Hedland,112 m), AMS C173754 (5; 220 km NW ofRoebuck Bay, 17°34’S, 120°22’E, 188 m), MV69582 (2; 19°05’S, 117°26’E, North West Shelf,between Port Hedland and Dampier, 122 m).Gadila brycei Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndianOcean: Western Australia. 40-330 m.buccinulum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent.Kagosima [Japan]. Lectotype USNM 24160 (designatedby Johnson, 1964: 48; as “holotype”); paralectotypesMCZ 39073 (1), MCZ 169062 (1).Junior synonym: Dentalium motidukii Otuka, 1935(fide Habe 1964: 25). Dentalium buccinulumGould, 1859. Indo-Pacific: Japan, China. 0-50 m.bulbosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† burdigalinum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 357, pl. 14,fig. 4. Miocene. Near Bordeaux, Dax and Saucats,France. Dentalium (Laevidentalium) burdigalinumMayer, 1864 (fide Cossmann & Peyrot 1917: 171,pl. 1, figs 53, 58, 59).† buricum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942:233, 234 [81, 82], pl. 6, figs 3-6, 9. Pleistocene.Tuffaceous shales, west side of Burica Peninsula,Costa Rica. Holotype PRI 4071; paratypes PRI4072 (4) (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 317).† burnsii, Cadulus floridanus var. Dall, 1892: 446.Miocene. Alum Bluff, Appalachicola River, Florida,USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112758 (6).Synonym of Cadulus floridanus Dall, 1892.burtini, Dentalium Nyst in d’Omalius-d’Halloy, 1853:382. Tertiary. Belgium. Nomen nudum. Remarks:Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) stated that this specieswas a “new name for Dentalium brevifissumGaleotti, 1837 not of Deshayes, 1825”. However,Nyst did not mention Galeotti’s species.Furthermore, we have not found any subsequentvalidation of Nyst’s name. Bellini (1909: 235) listedthis name as one of 12 species of “Dentalium “ thatwere not scaphopods (i.e. Polychaeta), but Bellinidid not cite any references for this transfer of Nyst’snomen nudum to the Polychaeta. Dentalium butini[Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 201] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.burtonae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 33, 34, figs 20F, 21F, 28. Recent. RoebuckBay, Broome, Western Australia; 18°03’S, 122°17’E.Holotype AMS C173327; paratypes AMS C174897(1), AMS C307828 (1; Lady Musgrave Island,Bunker Group, Queensland, dredged in lagoon),AMS C174526 (11; 17°58’S, 122°14’E, BroomeTownship, Western Australia), AMS C173297 (16;18°06’S, 122°20’E, Roebuck Bay, Broome, WesternAustralia, 1-3 m). Dentalium burtonae Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Australia. 0-32 m.bushi, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Henderson,1920: 94, pl. 16, fig. 6. Recent. Off Barnegat Bay,New Jersey [USA], Albatross USBF stn 2710,40°06’N, 68°01’30”W, 984 fms [1794 m].Holotype USNM 76723; paratypes USNM 76723(4), MCZ 186822. Pulsellum bushi (Henderson,1920). Western Atlantic: New England Banks toCape Hatteras (North Carolina). 582-1796 m.bushii, Cadulus “carolinensis var.?” Dall, 1889: 430.Recent. Barbados, 100 fms [183 m]. LectotypeMCZ 7745 (designated by Henderson 1920: 126);paralectotypes USNM 95376 (as “holotype” inTurner 1955: 318, in error). Gadila bushii (Dall,1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 153). WesternAtlanic: Caribbean. 64-360 m.butini, see burtini.† byorituense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Nomura,1935: 90, 91 [38, 39], pl. 6 [1], figs 1a-1c. Tertiary.Hakusyaton, Wangwa, Taikwa, Zyo-tusyowan,Kokwan, Sankwako, Sinpo, and Bosiho, Taiwan.† caduloide, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 442. Miocene. StMary’s River, Maryland, USA. Syntypes USNMPaleobiology 112745 (numerous). Remark:Schuchert et al. (1905: 219) cited USNM 112745as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntypewas to be the holotype, so this does not constitute avalid lectotype designation.caesura, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) Colman, 1958: 145,fig. 11. Recent. Off Woollongong, New SouthWales, Australia, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype AMSC62230; paratype AMS C62229. Fustiaria caesura(Colman, 1958) (fide Scarabino 1995: 279;Lamprell & Healy 1998: 102). Indo-Pacific: Philippinesto eastern Australia and New Caledonia.60-399 m.† calabrum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 35, pl. 3,fig. 4. Type locality not specified [Italy?]. Typematerial not located. Remark: although not explicitlystated in the original description, this is not considereda Recent species, following the opinion ofPilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) listing calabrum in thefossil section, as “? Pliocene, Calabria”.calabrum, Dentalium (Antalis) Crema, 1910: 68-70,text-figs 1-4 [ex Monterosato MS]. Pliocene-ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)571

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Pleistocene. Valle dei Molini near Monteleone andVallone delli Manci near S. Vincenzo la Costa,Italy. Junior synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars,1872) (fide CLEMAM entry No. 24572). Juniorhomonym of Dentalium calabrum O. G. Costa,1851. The synonymy with Antalis agilis makes itunnecessary to introduce a replacement name.† calafium, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Vokes, 1939:105, pl. 16, figs 30, 31. Eocene, DomengueFormation. UCMP locality A-1027, Valdes Ranch,Silver Creek, Priest Valley Quadrangle, California,USA. Lectotype UCMP 15750 (designated bySquires 1984: 16); paralectotype UCMP 15751(UCMP locality A-1003, Pine Canyon, MountDiablo, California, USA).calamus, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 421. Recent. TurtleHarbor, Florida, 4 fms [7 m]. Lectotype USNM68117 (designated by Henderson 1920: 72); paralectotypesUSNM 887456. Graptacme calamus(Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 97).Western Atlantic: Cape Lookout (North Carolina)to Brazil and Caribbean. 0-124 m.caledonicum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 209,figs 17, 28a, 71c. Recent. Southern New Caledonia,RV Coriolis, CHALCAL 2, stn DW74, 24°40’S,168°38’E, 650 m. Holotype MNHN and paratypes(1 from stn DW 73; 1 from stn DW 75).Dentalium caledonicum Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 573-650 m.† californicum, Dentalium Stanton, 1895: 62, 63,pl. 13, fig. 3. Cretaceous. Upper part of theKnoxville Beds, Shelton’s ranch, 5 miles north ofPaskenta, California, USA. Type material USNMPaleobiology 23063. Remark: Schuchert et al.(1905: 219) cited USNM 23063 as “holotype andparatypes” but did not specify which syntype was tobe the holotype, so this does not constitute a validlectotype designation.californicus, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:180, 181, pl. 34, figs 5-8. Recent. Off San Diego,California [Albatross stn 2923, 32°40’30”N,117°31’30”W, 822 fms (1500 m)]. LectotypeUSNM 107698 (designated by Shimek 1989: 235);paralectotypes USNM 203136, SBMNH 35038,AMNH 148391 (4). Cadulus californicus Pilsbry& Sharp, 1898. Eastern Pacific: Oregon (USA) toPanama. 400-2322 m. Remark: probably referableto Polyschides (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 51);further research is required.† callioglyptum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a:468, pl. 10, figs 10-12, pl. 11, fig. 21. Oligocene.Dominican Republic. Syntypes ANSP 2713 (fidePilsbry 1922: 399) and ANSP 79569.callipeplum, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 419, 420, pl. 27,fig. 12-B. Recent. USBF [Albatross] stn 2400,28°41’N, 86°07’W, between the Missisippi Riverdelta and Cedar Keys [off Florida], 169 fms[308 m]. Lectotype USNM 94064 (designated byHenderson 1920: 74); paralectotypes USNM887457 (2), MCZ 7672, USNM 95361 (1; Blakestn 220), USNM 95362 (1; Samana Bay,St Domingo), MCZ 7673 (1; Blake stn 128), MCZ7674 (1; Blake stn 143; erroneously stated to be the“holotype” in Turner, 1955: 318), MCZ 7675(1; Blake stn 262), MCZ 186549 (3; Blake stn143), not found: USFC stn 2314 and “Coast ofHonduras”. Calliodentalium callipeplum (Dall,1889) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). WesternAtlantic, Carribean: South Carolina to Colombia.14-4000 m.callithrix, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 427, pl. 27, fig. 10.Recent. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1170 m].Lectotype USNM 95348 (designated by Henderson1920: 57, 58); paralectotypes USNM 93426(4; USFC stn 2678), USNM 93758 (2; USFCstn 2383), USNM 95349 (2; Blake stn 20), USNM95350 (2; Blake stn 236), USNM 95354 (1; Blakestn 248; now the holotype of Entalina quadrataHenderson, 1920), MCZ 7730 (1; Blake stn 20),MCZ 7731 (2; Blake stn 41), MCZ 7732 (1; Blakestn 162), MCZ 7733 (1; Blake stn 221), MCZ7734 (1; Blake stn 236; erroneously stated to be the“holotype” in Turner 1955: 318). Pertusiconchacallithrix (Dall, 1889) (fide Chistikov 1982a: 678).Western Atlantic and Eastern Atlantic: fromCarribean to West Africa. 12-3500 m.† caloosaense, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 441, pl. 23,fig. 24. Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River and ShellCreek, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology112741 (4); possible syntypes USNMPaleobiology 112740 (6). Remark: Schuchert et al.(1905: 219) cited USNM 112741 as the “holotype”but did not specify which syntype was to be theholotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotypedesignation.† calvertensis, Prodentalium Palmer, 1975: 378-380,pl. 52, figs 1-11. Middle Jurassic, Callovian.Calvert, Buckinghamshire, England, UnitedKingdom. Holotype BMNH GG 13330; paratypesBMNH GG 13331-13339.† camaronesia, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907:224. Tertiary. Camarones, Patagonia, Argentina.Dentalium sulcosum camaronesium Ihering, 1907(fide Ihering 1914: 67).campylus, Cadulus Melvill, 1906: 80, pl. 8, fig. 32.Recent. Gulf of Oman, 156 fms [285 m]. LectotypeBMNH 1906.10.23.76 (designated by Ludbrook1954: 113, as “holotype”; the figured specimen, fideTrew 1987: 29); paralectotypes BMNH 1955.158.599 (3), NMW. Cadulus campylus Melvill,1906. Indian Ocean: Africa to Maldive Islands.183-285 m.canaliculatum, Dentalium “Klipstein” Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 201. Error or emendation for Dentaliumcannaliculatum Klipstein, 1843.cancellatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 224,fig. 36. Recent. China. Syntypes BMNH 1996087(2). Coccodentalium cancellatum (Sowerby, 1860)572ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)n. comb. Indo-Pacific: China. 4 m. Remark: ofthe two syntypes, only the figured specimen correspondswith the species description; the secondspecimen is Paradentalium intercalatum (Gould,1859) (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 20.II.2002).candelatum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Kira, 1959: 105,pl. 40, fig. 5. Recent. Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan,200 m. Type material not located. Nomen nudum inHabe (1953: 296), and in Kira (1954: 80), fideBieler & Petit (1990: 141). Episiphon candelatum(Kira, 1959) (fide Scarabino 1995: 289). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-200 m.candidum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153. Recent.Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH85.11.58.1239 (Northern and eastern Atlantic andBay of Biscay, 410-1750 fms [748-3194 m], figuredsyntype), BMNH 85.11.58.1240 (west of Ireland,664 -1476 fms [1212-2694 m]), USNM 169428(Valorous stn 5, 66°59’N, 55°27’W, 410 fms [DavisStrait, Greenland, North Atlantic, 748 m]), USNM169429 (Valorous stn 8, 62°06’N, 55°56’W,1350 fms [Davis Strait, Greenland, North Atlantic,2464 m]), USNM 169430 (Valorous stn 6,64°05’N, 56°47’W, 1100 fms [Davis Strait,Greenland, North Atlantic, 2008 m]), USNM169431 (Porcupine 1869 stn 28, 56°44’N,12°52’W, 1215 fms [Hebrides, Scotland, NorthAtlantic, 2217 m]), USNM 169432 (Porcupine1869 stn 23, 56°07’N, 14°19’W, 664 fms [Ireland,North Atlantic, 1212 m]), USNM 169433(Porcupine 1869 stn 21, 55°40’N, 12°46’W,1476 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 2694 m]),USNM 169434 (Porcupine 1869 stn 23-A,56°07’N, 14°18’W, 420 fms [Ireland, NorthAtlantic, 767 m]), USNM 169435 (Porcupine 1869stn 31, 56°15’N, 11°25’W, 1360 fms [Ireland,North Atlantic, 2482 m]), USNM 169436,(Porcupine 1869 stn 38, 47°39’N, 11°33’W,2090 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 3814 m]),USNM 169438 (Off Cape Carnveira, Portugal,Porcupine 1870 stn 16, 39°55’N, 9°56’W, 994 fms[1814 m]). Junior synonyms: Dentalium solidumVerrill, 1884 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72);Dentalium caudani Locard, 1896; Dentaliumcaudani var. parfaiti Locard, 1898 (B. Métivier,n. syn.); Dentalium (Fissidentalium) candidum var.meridionale Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897; Dentalium(Fissidentalium) meridionale var. jamaicenseHenderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1994: 307).Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72). Western Atlantic:Greenland to Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland toSouth Africa. 403-3814 m.† canna, Dentalium White, 1874: 23; 1875: 156,pl. 12, fig. 6. “Carboniferous” [Permian]. Near SaltLake, New Mexico, USA; near Relief Spring,Arizona, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology8473. Prodentalium canna (White, 1874) (fideYancey 1978: 308, 309, pl. 6, figs 7-11). Juniorsynonyms: Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909 (fideYancey 1978: 308); Plagioglypta monolineataBranson, 1930 (fide Yancey 1973: 1126; 1978:308, 309).† cannaliculatum, Dentalium Klipstein, 1843: 206,pl. 14, figs 28a, 28b. Triassic (St Cassian?). Austria/northern Italy. Remark: Dentalium “canaliculatum”Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 201, error or emendation.capense, Dentalium (Compressidens) Tomlin, 1931:340. Recent. South Africa, off Cape Point, 900 fms[1620 m]. Holotype SAFM A6191. Junior synonymof Rhomboxiphus tricarinatus (Boissevain,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 316).capillosum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153, 154.Recent. Type locality not designated. SyntypesBMNH 1885.11.5.1336 (Porcupine 1869, 862 fms[Bay of Biscay, 1573 m]), BMNH 1877.11.28.55(Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms[Greenland, 2646 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.4-6 (offthe Azores, Challenger stn 73, 38°30’N, 31°14’W,1000 fms [1825 m]), USNM 169417 (2) (Porcupine1869 stn 47, 59°34’N, 7°18’W, 542 fms[Hebrides, North Atlantic, 989 m]), USNM169419 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W,1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), USNM 169420(Valorous stn 13, 56°01’N, 34°42’W, 690 fms[Greenland, 1259 m]), USNM 169421 (Valorousstn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W, 1785 fms [Greenland,3258 m]), USNM 169423 (2) (off Cape Mondego,Portugal, Porcupine 1870, 220 fms [402 m]),USNM 169424 (off Cape Carnveira, Portugal,Porcupine 1870, 1095 fms [1998 m]), USNM169425 (off Cape Carnveira, Portugal, Porcupine1870, 984 fms [1796 m]). Junior synonyms:Dentalium ergasticum Fischer, 1883, Dentaliumscamnatum Locard, 1897, Dentalium milneedwardsiLocard, 1898 (B. Métivier, n. syn.; see Appendix 2).Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 77). Eastern Atlantic: Greenlandto Western Africa and Azores. 100-4088 m.caprinum, Dentalium Bosc, 1802: 191. Recent. IndianOcean (“mer des Indes”) [citing Martini 1769: I,t. 1, f. 4 B]. Type material not located. Junior synonymof Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3). Remarks: Pilsbry &Sharp (1897: 3) attributed this name to Anton(1838: 25); in fact, Anton cited the same figurefrom Martini, which indicates that Anton usedBosc’s name without attribution. It is tempting toassume that Bosc used caprinum in error for aprinum.† caprottii, Cadulus (Sulcogadila) Moroni & Ruggieri,1981: 30, figs 1-3. Lower Pleistocene. Acqua deiCorsari, Palermo, Italy. Holotype Museo Geologico,Univ. Palermo, O.C.R. 3131.carduus, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 423, pl. 27, fig. 3.Recent. Off St Lucia, Lesser Antilles, Blake stn 220,13°50’N, 61°03’W, 116 fms [211 m]. LectotypeMCZ 7692 (designated by Henderson 1920: 33);paralectotypes USNM 95321 (Blake stn 246),ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)573

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.USNM 95322 (USBF stn 2655), MCZ 7691(Blake stn 246). Junior synonym: Dentalium floridenseHenderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1994: 307).Fissidentalium carduus (Dall, 1889) (fide Emersonin Turgeon 1988: 50; 1998: 200). Western Atlantic,Caribbean. 180-600 m. Remarks: Emerson (1952a: 2)assigned carduus to Coccodentalium. Emerson inTurgeon (1988: 50; 1998: 54) listed Fissidentaliumfloridense as a distinct species.carinatum, Dentalium O. G. Costa 1851. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.carlessi, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 154, 155,figs 155a, 156a, 161. Recent. East of Cape Melville,northern Queensland, 14°22’S, 145°52’E, 2710 m.Holotype QM MO40084. Gadila carlessi Lamprell& Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only.carneum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Boissevain, 1906: 48,pl. 6, figs 42-45. Recent. Indonesia, Flores Sea,Siboga stn 45, 07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.052 (designated by Scarabino1995: 287); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.053 (14),ZMA 3.06.054 (1; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300,10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA 3.06.055(2; Ambon, Siboga stn 181, 36-54 m). Junior synonymof Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fideScarabino 1995: 287).† carolinense, Dentalium Conrad, 1862a: 288; 1863:570. Miocene. North Carolina, USA.carolinensis, Cadulus Bush in Verrill, 1885b: 587;Bush 1885: 471, pl. 45, fig. 19. Recent. Off CapeHatteras, USBF stn 2114, 35°20’N, 75°20’W,14 fms [26 m]. Syntypes USNM 35811 (figured),MCZ 186818 (4). Polyschides carolinensis (Bush inVerrill, 1885) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 152).Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 5-159 m.† caronensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1925: 61, pl. 7,fig. 6. Miocene. About 1 mile S of Brasso, CaroniCounty, Montserrat Ward, Trinidad. Figured syntypeUSNM Paleobiology 352692 (1).† cartagenense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917: 37,38, pl, 5, fig. 10. Oligocene. Near Cartagena,Colombia. Holotype ANSP 3058.† caseyi, Dentalium n. nom. Oligocene. Red Bluff,Mississippi, USA. Doubtful syntype USNMPaleobiology 481673 (1) (fide MacNeil & Dockery1984: 247). Replacement name for Dentalium polygonumCasey, 1903 non Dentalium polygonumReuss, 1844.† casselensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989: 89, pl. 2,fig. 18. Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Glimmerode,near Hessisch-Lichtenau, Niederhessen, Germany.Holotype SMF 308322; paratypes SMF 308323/2and Collection Gürs.castellaccii, see castellacei.† castellacei, Dentalium Scalia, 1914: 2, pl. 1 [7],fig. 5. Triassic. Castellace, Italy. Type material inIstituto di Geologia della R. Università Catania.Dentalium castellaccii [Diener, 1926: 228] is anincorrect subsequent spelling.† castellanensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2):320. Eocene, Suessonian. Le Vit, near Castellanne(Basses-Alpes) [Alpes-de-Haute-Provence] andBidart (Basses-Pyrénées) [Pyrénées-Atlantiques],France. Syntypes MNHN (fide Boussac 1911b:256, pl. 16, figs 7, 8). Boussac (1911) erroneouslyused Dentalium haeringense Dreger, 1892 as thevalid name for this species.catenulatum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 11;1850: 2. Piedmont (Miocene/Pliocene; Italy).Junior synonym of Dentalium fossile Gmelin, 1791(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 201).catharus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:112, 113, pl. 18, fig. 5. Recent. Off EnglishHarbor, Antigua, State Univ. Iowa Exp. 1898stn 15, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM 596596.Cadulus catharus Henderson, 1920. WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 100-219 m. Remark: althoughthe subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy withGadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355), this specieswith its simple apical orifice and the maximumdiameter in the middle of the shell belongs toCadulus.† catulloi, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1896: 204,205, pl. 5, fig. 2a, b. Miocene. Italy. Remark: as anomen nudum in Vinassa de Regny (1895: 262).caudani, Dentalium Locard, 1896a: 213; 1896b: 171,pl. 6, fig. 2. Recent. Bay of Biscay, Caudan stn 15,3°02’W [5°22’W, Paris meridian], 44°02’N,1300 m. Holotype (preserved specimen withoutshell) in Faculté des Sciences, Lyon (fide B. Métivierpers. comm.). Junior synonym of Fissidentaliumcandidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.).caymanica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1314, pl. 1figs 5, 6, pl. 3 figs 1-11. Recent. Cayman Trench[Caribbean Sea], Akademik Kurtschatow stn 1267 T,19°38.7’N, 76°37.1’W, 6740-6780 m. HolotypeIOM; paratypes IOM (7 from 1267 T; 1 from1267 D, the type locality; 1 from stn 1259 D,19°05.6’N, 80°30.1’W, 5930 m; 5 from stn 1266,19°45.4’N, 76°43.8’W, 6300-5900 m). Costentalinacaymanica Chistikov, 1982. Western Atlantic,Caribbean: Cayman Trench. 5900-6780 m.† cazadorianum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1907: 121,122 [25, 26], pl. 4, fig. 9. Upper Cretaceous.Cazador and Cancha Carrera, Patagonia, Argentina.ceciliae, Compressidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 263,figs 69, 70k, 71i. Recent. New Caledonia, RVVauban MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW 220, 22°58’S,167°38’E, 505-550 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypesMNHN (7 from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW220; 4 from BIOCAL stn DW 51), AMS C201725(1; BIOCAL stn DW 54), NMNZ M268958(1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 220), USNM 890864(1; BIOCAL stn DW 51). Compressidentaliumceciliae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: NewCaledonia. 505-700 m.cedrosense, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Hertlein & Strong,1951: 69, 70, pl. 11, fig. 9. Recent. off the east574ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)coast of Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico,Templeton Crocker stn 126-D-12, 28°20’00”N115°10’30”W, 45 fms [82 m]. Holotype CAS.Junior synonym of Episiphon innumerabile (Pilsbry& Sharp, 1897) (fide Keen 1971: 888).† centenniale, Dentalium Marwick, 1942: 279, pl. 24,fig. 26. Eocene, Bortonian. Hampden Beach, NE ofOtago, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4802(fide Keyes 1972: 95). Remarks: based on theOnekakara (Hampden Beach) paralectotypes ofDentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864, which Marwickconcluded represented two species (fide Dawson1991: 23; 1994: 118). Maxwell (1992: 185)suggested that this species “may also belong inFissidentalium”.ceras, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 510, 511 [Watson1886: 3, pl. 1, fig. 4]. Recent. Mid Pacific, East ofJapan, Challenger stn 246, 36°10’N, 178°00’E,2050 fms [3690 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.10-11 (the specimen from stn 299, 33°31’S,74°43’W, 2160 fms, west of Valparaiso, Chile wasnot found in BMNH). Fissidentalium ceras(Watson, 1879) (fide Ludbrook 1954: 93). Indo-Pacific: India to Japan; Eastern Pacific: Chile.3690-3747 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 250)considered megathyris a junior synonym ofFissidentalium ceras (Watson, 1879). However, thisproposed synonymy requires a comparative study ofall taxa included in this species group.ceratum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent. Off LaHavana, Cuba, Blake stn 2, 23°14’N, 82°25’W,805 fms [1472 m]. Lectotype USNM 95326 (designatedby Henderson 1920: 50); paralectotypesUSNM 887458, MCZ 7697, MCZ 7706 (WestFlorida, 50 fms [91 m]). Junior synonym: Dentalium(Antalis) ceratum tenax Henderson, 1920(n. syn.). Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 57). Western Atlantic, Caribbean:Florida to Rio de la Plata. 32-1960 m.cerinum, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry, 1905: 117, 118,pl. 5, figs 40, 41. Recent. Shimizu, Suruga, Japan.Holotype ANSP 88305. Junior synonym: Dentaliumtracheatum Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino1995: 297). Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) (fideHabe 1953: 296). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japanand northeastern Australia. 800-3925 m.cestum, Dentalium (Dentalium) texasianum Henderson1920: 29, pl. 2, figs 1, 4, 8. Recent. Pass Cabello,Texas. Holotype USNM 159503. Synonym ofDentalium texasianum Philippi, 1848, a junior synonymof Paradentalium americanum (Chenu,1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183).cheverti, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 9. Recent. Evans Bay, CapeYork, North Australia, 6 fms [11 m]. Lectotype (ofseptemcostatum Brazier) AMS A96 (designated byPonder & Stanbury 1972: 53) and 3 paralectotypes.Replacement name for Dentalium septemcostatumBrazier, 1877, a junior homonym of Dentaliumseptemcostatum Abich, 1859. Dentalium chevertiSharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 4-738 m.† chilense, Dentalium d’Orbigny in Grange, 1847:pl. 4 (Paléontologie pl. 1), figs 37, 38. No localitygiven. Remarks: no description of this species waspublished in the text; the species attributed tod’Orbigny in Grange are all “name and figure” only(fide Sherborn & Woodward 1901a: 391). Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 220) stated that this species wasfrom the Cretaceous of Chile. Feruglio (1949a:304; 1949b: 249) stated that this species was fromthe Senonian of Quiriquina (Chile).chinensis, Striodentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 119, fig. 11.Recent. East China Sea, 52-173 m. Type depositorynot specified. Striodentalium chinensis Qi & Ma,1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 52-173 m.† chipolanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947:625, 626, pl. 57, figs 18-18a. Oligocene. AlumBluff Group, Chipola Formation. USGS locality3419, McClelland Farm, 1 mile below Bailey’sFerry, Calhoun County, Florida, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 329137.† chubutensis, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Sabattini,1979: 21, pl. 1, figs 1, 2. Upper Carboniferous,Tepuel Group. County Toba, Colán-Conhué,Sierra de Languineo, Chubut Province, Argentina.Holotype MLP 13164; paratype MLP 13165.chuni, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 309, fig. 6.Recent. Somalia, Africa, Valdivia stn 256, 1°49’N,45°29.5’E, 1134 m. Lectotype ZMB 75374a (designatedby Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotypes ZMB75374b (stn 256), ZMB 75375 (stn 245). Caduluschuni Jaeckel, 1932. Indo-Pacific: Africa toPhilippines. 205-1134 m. Remark: the figuredspecimen from Valdivia stn 245, ZMB 75375, wasso degraded that Kilias chose a specimen from stn256 as the lectotype.chuni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Plate, 1908a: 341-343, pl. 30, figs 1-9. Recent. East African Coast,Valdivia stn 251, 1°40.6’S, 41°47.1’E, 693 m.Lectotype ZMB 63824 (designated by Kilias 1995:172); paralectotypes ZMB 61100 (stn 256), ZMB61102 (stn 254), ZMB 61103 (stn 191), ZMB63821 (stn 264), ZMB 63822 (stn 256), ZMB63823 (stn 254). Junior synonym of Fissidentaliumshoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) (fide Scarabino 1995:248). Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001)suggested that the status of D. chuni vis-à-visFissidentalium transversostriatum (Boissevain, 1906)requires further research.† cidaris, Dentalium Geinitz, 1850: 144, 145.Cretaceous. Niederwarthla and Strehlen, Germany;Bohemia, Czech Republic. Name for Dentaliumstriatum “J. Sowerby, 1814” sensu Geinitz 1839.Junior synonym: Dentalium reussianum Ryckholt,1851 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 220).cinctum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)575

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.† cinctum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166, fig. 7.Jurassic. Derneberg, near Hannover, Germany.Objective junior synonym: Dentalium muensteriPilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp(1898: 224) erroneously dated this name to 1844, andtherefore concluded that it was a junior homonym ofDentalium cinctum de Koninck, 1843. Thus, Pilsbry& Sharp proposed Dentalium muensteri as a replacementname for what is, in fact, the senior homonym.cinerascens, Dentalium Anton, 1838: 25. Recent.Adriatic Sea [in error]. Tentative (senior!) synonymof Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48). Remark: pursuant toICZN (1999) article 23.9 we propose to preserveStimpson’s name, occidentalis, for this species. Thename cinerascens has not been used whereas thename occidentalis has consistently been used for thisspecies after 1851.cingulatum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155.Tertiary. Nomen nudum.cingulatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† circinatum, Dentalium G. B. Sowerby, 1823:pl. 138, fig. 5. No locality given. Remarks: Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 201) stated that this species wasfrom the Eocene, Paris Basin, France; Newton(1891: 284, 285) recorded this species from theMiddle Eocene of England. Type species of thegenus Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868, by subsequent designation(Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 127). Newton(1891: 285, 286) misidentified Dentalium subeburneumd’Orbigny, 1850, as Fustiaria circinata(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 216).circumcinctum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 513, 514[Watson 1886: 7, pl. 1, fig. 7]. Recent. Type localitynot specified. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.24-25(Challenger stn II, Setubal [Portugal], 38°10’N,9°14’W, 470 fms [858 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.26(Challenger stn 23, Sombrero Island, St Thomas,450 fms [821 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.30 (figured specimen;Challenger stn 122, Pernambuco [Brazil],9°05’S, 34°50’W, 350 fms [639 m]). Antalis circumcincta(Watson, 1879) (fide Thomas 1975: 293). WesternAtlantic: Caribbean and Brazil; Eastern Atlantic:North Africa and Gulf of Guinea. 238-1935 m.Remark: Watson (1886: 7) subsequently recorded2 specimens from Challenger stn 56 (off Bermuda,32°8’45”N, 64°59’35”W, 1075 fms [1962 m]),which are in the type collection (BMNH 1887.2.9.27-28), but these specimens are not syntypes.citrina, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32.Nomen nudum without type locality or description.† claibornense, Dentalium (Antalis) thalloides var.Palmer, 1937: 14, 15, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 5. Eocene,Claiborne Formation. Locality 104, Gosport sand,Mississippi, USA. Syntypes PRI 2626, PRI 2627.† clarae, Cadulus Maury, 1910: 151, pl. 8, fig. 7.Oligocene. Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida,USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 639096 (1).clathratum, Dentalium von Martens, 1881: 66.Recent. Off Moreton Bay [Queensland], Australia,550 fms [1006 m]. Holotype ZMB 33122.Compressidentalium clathratum (von Martens,1881) (fide Scarabino 1995: 263). Indo-Pacific:Australia. 23-1606 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy(1998) listed Dentalium sedecimcostatum Boissevain,1906 as a junior synonym of C. clathratum, anopinion not shared by Scarabino (1995). However,V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) stated that he nowagrees with this synonymy.clausum, Dentalium Turton, 1819. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.clava, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.clavatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent.Hong Kong [China]. Lectotype USNM 24245(designated by Johnson 1964: 239, as “holotype”);paralectotypes MCZ 169089 (1), MCZ 216584 (1).Gadila clavata (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995:364). Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Red Sea, China.10-175 m.clavus, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 275. Recent. Gulf ofSuez. Lectotype (of D. macandrewi Boissevain,1906 designated by Scarabino 1995: 204) not inZMA (fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl inlitt. 23.VI.2000) or in UMZC; paralectotypesUMZC I.100,745. Junior synonyms: Dentaliumaratorum Cooke, 1885; Dentalium macandrewiBoissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 204; Singer2003: 11, 14). Dentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 (fideSinger 2003: 13, 14). Indian Ocean: Red Sea,Africa. 14-60 m. Remarks: Boissevain (1906: 25)replaced this name, together with and Dentaliumlineolatum, with Dentalium macandrewi. Scarabino(1995: 204) placed D. clavus in synonymy withD. reevei Fischer, 1871.coarctatum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.Remarks: Dentalium coarctatum – Lamarck 1818:346 was subsequently described as D. ventricosumBronn, 1828; D. coarctatum – O. G. Costa 1851:38, 41, 42, was subsequently described as Cadulusmedius Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.coarti, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1912: 81, pl. 3,figs 44, 45. Recent. Type locality not specified.Syntype MNHN (Wharf of Tamara [Guinea]);other syntypes not located, described from the followinglocalities: between Conakry and Boulbine,Guinea; southwest of Conakry, Guinea; west ofCrawford Bank, Guinea; near Île Roume, Archipelde Los, Guinea; Grand Bassam, 15 m, Côte d’Ivoire;off Cotonou, 20-25 m, Benin; Libreville Bay,Gabon. Junior synonym of Dentalium congoensisPlate, 1908 (fide Nicklès 1979: 44).cobbi, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 155,figs 155G, 156D, 163. Recent. Off Cairns, northernQueensland, Australia, 16°37.7’S, 146°20.4’E,685-658 m. Holotype AMS C174638; paratypes576ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)AMS C173427 (1), AMS C8017 (2; DarnleyIsland, Torres Strait, Queensland), AMS C173685(6; NE of Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland,23°52.5-51.9’S, 152°42.7-41.7’E, 296 m), AMSC173438 (1; E of Lady Musgrave Island,Queensland, 23°52.5’-23°51.9’S, 152°42.7-152°41.7’E, 296 m), AMS C173655 (1; off Cairns,Queensland, 17°09.53’S, 146°42.36’E, 253 m),AMS C174639 (12; E of Lady Musgrave Island,Queensland, 23°52.5’-23°51.9’S, 152°42.7-152°41.7’E, 296 m), QM MO40083 (14; offCairns, northern Queensland, 17°22’S, 146°48’E,303 m). Gadila cobbi Lamprell & Healy, 1998.Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia. 150-1161 m.cocconii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 87. Replacement name forDentalium dispar Cocconi, 1874, a junior homonymof Dentalium dispar Sowerby, 1860. Objectivejunior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens var. exdisparSacco, 1897 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 214).cocentum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155.Tertiary. Tabbiano, Italy. Nomen nudum.† coelatulum, Dentalium Baily in Salter, 1857: 87,pl. 2, figs 8a, 8b. Cretaceous. Upper Greensand,Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom.† coislinense, Dentalium (Entalis) Cossmann, 1902:107 [157], pl. 10 [15], fig. 17. Eocene. Coislin andCampbon, northwestern France.colamni, see colmani.colligens, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94.Pliocene. Italy. Nomen nudum; published in synonymyof Dentalium sexangulum var. acutangularisCocconi, 1873.collinsae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 31, figs 20C, 21C, 24, 25C, D. Recent. Inchannel, 0.8 km south of Green Island, OysterHarbour via Albany, Western Australia. HolotypeWAM 230/94; paratypes WAM N3126 (10),WAM N3129 (1; in channel W of Green Island,Oyster Harbour via Albany, Western Australia,10 m). Dentalium collinsae Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indian Ocean: western Australia. 10 m.colliverae, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 163, figs167C, 168F, 171. Recent. Off Cairns, northernQueensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 296-303 m. Holotype QM MO17654. Cadulus colliveraeLamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from typelocality only.colmani, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Recent.35 miles east of Sydney, 1463 m. Holotype (ofapplanatum Colman) AMS C22652; paratypesAMS C170645 (24; 35 miles E of Sydney,1463 m). Replacement name for Dentalium(Bathoxiphus) applanatum Colman, 1958, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium applanatum Torley, 1908.Rhomboxiphus colmani (Palmer, 1974) (fideScarabino 1995: 317). Indo-Pacific: Australia toNew Caledonia. 241-3658 m. Remarks: Chistikov(1983: 183) synonymized this species withBathoxiphus soyomaruae Okutani, 1964; Scarabino(1995: 314, 317) rejected Chistikov’s synonymy.Bathoxiphus colamni [Okutani, 1975: 77] is anincorrect subsequent spelling.† colobus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 474,pl. 11, figs 17-20. Oligocene. Dominican Republic.Type material ANSP 2886 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 401).colonense, Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii Henderson,1920: 31, pl. 3, fig. 6. Recent. Albatross stn 2145,near Colon, Panama, 9°27’N, 79°54’W, 25 fms[46 m]. Holotype USNM 94085. Synonym ofDentalium gouldii Dall, 1889 (fide Scarabino inRios 1975: 183).colubridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 523, 524[Watson 1886: 18, pl. 3, fig. 1]. Recent. North EastPoint of New Zealand, Challenger stn 169, 37°34’S,179°22’E, 700 fms [1276 m]. Holotype BMNH1887.2.9.71. Siphonodentalium colubridens(Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1995: 329). Indo-Pacific: Africa to New Caledonia, Japan, NewZealand. 630-2800 m.columbiana, Antalis Clessin 1896: 43, pl. 10, fig. 4.Recent. British Columbia [Canada]. Type materialnot located in the Naturmuseum Stuttgart. Juniorsynonym of Antalis pretiosum (Sowerby, 1860)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45).complexum, Dentalium, Dall, 1895: 686, 687, pl. 26,fig. 3. Recent. Off Honolulu, Hawaii, Albatross stn3472, 21°12’N, 157°49’W, 295-298 fms [538-544 m]. Syntypes USNM 107023, USNM 107022(stn 3476, 21°09’N, 157°53’W, 298 fms [544 m]);BPBM. Fissidentalium complexum (Dall, 1895)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 76). Indo-Pacific:Hawaii. 468-544 m.compressiusculum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 33,34, pl. 6, fig. 12. Recent. Banda Sea, Sibogastn 241, 04°24.3’S, 129°49.3’E, 1570 m. HolotypeZMA 3.06.044. Compressidentalium compressiusculum(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge1964: 4). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Indonesiaand New Caledonia. 540-2570 m.compressum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.compressum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 516 [Watson1886: 9, 10, pl. 1, fig. 9]. Recent. North of CulebraIsland [Virgin Is.], West Indies, Challenger stn 24,18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m].Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.35. Junior homonymof Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850.Replacement name: Dentalium (Compressidens) pressumSharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 124.Compressidens pressum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry& Sharp, 1897).compressum, Dentalium Meyer, 1883: 258, 259, fig. 4.Oligocene. Joachimsthal and Hermsdorf, Germany.Junior homonym of Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny,1850 (Polychaeta) and Dentalium compressumZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)577

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Watson, 1879. Replacement name: Dentalium ottoiSharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 119;1898: 211.compressum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 189, 190,pl. 10, fig. 190; 1887: 189, 190, pl. 10, fig. 190.Tertiary. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. SyntypesRGM 7291 (6) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al.2002: 112). Junior homonym of Dentalium compressumd’Orbigny, 1850 (Polychaeta); Dentaliumcompressum Watson, 1879; Dentalium compressumMeyer, 1883. Martin (1919: 69) transferred hisspecies to Entalina. The replacement name, Cadulusmartini Finlay, 1927, is itself a junior homonym ofC. martini Whitfield, 1882. Replacement name:Dentalium javense Palmer, 1974.compressum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1889: 569, 570,pl. 28, fig. 18. Recent. Hong Kong. Junior homonymof Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850;D. compressum Watson, 1879; D. compressumMeyer, 1883; D. compressum Martin, 1885.Replacement name: Dentalium (Fissidentalium)hungerfordi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 84.Compressidentalium hungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp,1897) (fide Habe 1963: 260).comprimatum, Dentalium (Compressidens) Plate,1908a: 349, 350, pl. 30, figs 26-34. Recent.Zanzibar Channel, Valdivia stn 245, 5°27.9’S,39°18.8’E, 463 m. Lectotype ZMB 61101a (designatedby Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotypes ZMB61101b (2). Compressidens comprimatum (Plate,1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 370). Indian Ocean:East Africa. 238-463 m.concinnum, Dentalium von Martens, 1878: 134.Recent. West Africa, Gazelle Exp., 10°6.9’N,17°16’W, 360 fms [657 m]. Lectotype ZMB29310a (designated by Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotypeZMB 29310b. Fissidentalium concinnum (vonMartens, 1878) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 249).Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 270-677 m. Remark: BothPilsbry & Sharp (1898: 249) and Kilias (1995: 173)erroneously gave 150 fms as the original depth.concretum, Dentalium Colman, 1958: 141, fig. 2.Recent. 27.5 miles E of Sydney, 300 fms [548 m].Holotype AMS C62231; paratypes AMS C170638(11). Striodentalium concretum (Colman, 1958)(fide Scarabino 1995: 241). Pacific Ocean: SEAustralia. 6-1000 m.† confusum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 220. Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé,Belgium. Replacement name for Dentaliumalternans Ryckholt, 1851, a junior homonym ofDentalium alternans Chenu, 1843, and D. alternansMüller, 1851.congoensis, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 349, pl. 30,figs 24, 25. Recent. Mouth of Congo River,Valdivia stn 71, 6°18.7’S, 12°2.1’E, 44 m. HolotypeZMB 61085. Junior synonym: Dentaliumcoarti Dautzenberg, 1912, and Dentalium coarti var.septemcostatum Dautzenberg, 1912 (fide Nicklès1979: 44). Dentalium congoensis Plate, 1908.Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 4-150 m. Remark: Plategave the latitude as “N” instead of “S”.congruens, Cadulus curtus var. Watson, 1879: 527[Watson 1886: 21, pl. 3, fig. 7a]. Recent. CulebraIsland [Virgin Is.], St Thomas, Challenger stn 24,390 fms [712 m]. Syntype BMNH 1887.2.9.83.Cadulus congruens Watson, 1879 (fide Henderson1920: 142). Known from the type locality only.Remark: Watson described this variety from 2 specimens,but the lot in BMNH is labelled “holotype”and contains a single specimen; the second specimenhas not been found.conicum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. Tertiary,Wanganui (Pliocene) and Ahuriri (Miocene)Formations. Shakespeare Cliff and Broken River,New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4810 (designatedby Keyes 1972: 96). Dentalium zelandicumSowerby, 1866 (fide Keyes 1972: 96); Fissidentaliumopacum (Sowerby, 1829) (fide Suter 1913:819).conicum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1876: 266. Pliocene.Italy (various localities). Junior homonym ofDentalium conicum Hutton, 1873. Remark: we prefernot to rename this junior homonym because ofthe insufficient description and the lack of typematerial we consider it a nomen dubium.† conradi, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Harbison,1933: 117, pl. 4, figs 18, 19. Miocene. Shepherd’sPit, near Shiloh, New Jersey, USA. Holotype ANSP12596; paratypes ANSP 19554 (57).conradi, Dentalium Dall, 1909: 136. Miocene. Astoria,Oregon, USA. An unnecessary replacement namefor Teredo substriatum Conrad, 1849, a secondaryhomonym of Dentalium substriatum Deshayes,1825. Remarks: Conrad’s name was alreadyrenamed Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry & Sharp,1898; Dall’s replacement name is a junior objectivesynonym. Since Conrad’s name encompassed whatDall regarded as two species, Dall restricted thename substriatum Conrad, by describing the“smooth” form as a separate species, D. petricola.Emerson (1958: 93) concluded that petricola was avalid species of Dentalium (Rhabdus).conspicuum, Dentalium Melvill, 1897: 21, pl. 7,fig. 28. Recent. Karachi [Pakistan]. SyntypesBMNH 1897.7.30.80-81. Junior synonym ofTesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby,1860) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222).† constrictum, Dentalium Newton & Harris, 1894:64, text-fig. Eocene, London Clay. Fareham andPortsmouth, England, Great Britain. Junior synonyms:Entaliopsis annulata Newton & Harris,1894; Dentalium entaliopsis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898(fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90). Antalis constricta(Newton & Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey1997: 90, pl. 15, figs 3-6).cookei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 29. Recent. Gulf of Suez.578ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Holotype (of Dentalium acus Cooke, 1885) UMZCI.100,735. Replacement name for Dentalium acusCooke, 1885, a junior homonym of Dentalium acusEichwald, 1856. Dentalium cookei Sharp & Pilsbryin Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Indian Ocean, Red Sea.75-148 m.† coonensis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1941: 256, pl. 46,fig. 23. Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Coon Creek,McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 32824; 12 paratypes USNMPaleobiology 76784. Remarks: Stephenson (1941:256) also recorded this taxon from the NavarroGroup (Cretaceous) of Texas. This species wasmisidentified as Cadulus obnutus Conrad, 1869 byWade (1926).† cooperi, Dentalium Gabb, 1864: 139, pl. 21,fig. 100. Cretaceous. San Diego; NE of Martinez;near Fort Téjon; Curry’s, S of Mount Diablo; andSiskiyou Mountains, California, USA. Remark:Anderson & Hanna (1925: 143) concluded that “itis entirely probable that the type came from” RoseCanyon, near San Diego.† corallinum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2):12. Jurassic. La Rochelle, France.cordiseturata, Entalina Habe, 1953: 399 [ex KurodaMS]. Nomen nudum.coridisecturatum, Dentalium (Entalina) Shikama,1964: 35, caption to fig. 62(6) [ex Kuroda MS].Nomen nudum. Recent. Okezoko, off CapeAshizuri, southwestern Shikoku, Japan. Remark: asa nomen nudum in Goto & Poppe (1996: 1025).corneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.cornicula, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.corniculum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described asScaphopoda.† cornu, Dentalium de Koninck, 1877: 315, 316,pl. 23, fig. 4; 1898: 249, pl. 23, fig. 4. Carboniferous.Karúa, New South Wales, Australia.cornubovis, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906: 249, 250.Recent. Indian Ocean, 1154 fms [2106 m].Lectotype BMNH 1906.10.12.142-144 (designatedby Scarabino 1995: 249, “the largest (63 mm) ofthe 3 syntypes in BMNH”); paralectotypes ZSIM3735/1. Fissidentalium cornubovis (E. A. Smith,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 249). Indo-Pacific:Africa to New Caledonia. 2089-4350 m. Remark:the manuscript list of Investigator Exp. types inBMNH gives the holotype and 3 paratypes in ZSIM3735/1, and 3 paratypes BMNH 1906.10.12.142-144.cornucopiae, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 63, 64, pl. 6,fig. 89, text-fig. 30. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E, 959 m. Holotype ZMA3.06.086. Megaentalina cornucopiae (Boissevain,1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). Indo-Pacific:Indonesia to Japan. 200-3250 m.† corpulentus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 66, pl. 3, fig. 5.Eocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. SyntypeUSNM Paleobiology 644579. Cadulus (Polyschides)corpulentus Meyer, 1886 (fide MacNeil & Dockery1984: 249).corrugatum, Dentalium Hupé in Gay, 1854: 276, pl. 2,fig. 8. Tertiary. Topocalma, Colchagua Province,Chile. Junior synonym of Dentalium subgiganteumd’Orbigny, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 217).corrugatum, Dentalium Carpenter, 1857: 189. Recent.Mazatlan [Mexico]. Holotype BMNH 1857.6.4.881 (fide Keen 1968: 403, text-fig. 24). Juniorhomonym of Dentalium corrugatum Hupé in Gay,1854. Replacement name: Cadulus (Gadila) panamensisSharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:191, which is a junior synonym of Gadila perpusilla(Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fideEmerson 1971: 78).coruscum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry, 1905:117, pl. 5, figs 42, 43. Recent. Heda, Izu, Japan,167 fms [305 m]. Holotype ANSP 88320.Laevidentalium coruscum (Pilsbry, 1905) (fideHabe 1963: 268). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to NewCaledonia and Japan. 100-1890 m.† cossmannianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a:467, 468, pl. 10, fig. 1, pl. 11, figs 10, 11.Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Holotype ANSP2709 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 399); paratypes ANSP79475.† costae, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 202.Pliocene. Italy. Name for Dentalium lacteum sensuO. G. Costa 1851 non Deshayes, 1825. Remark:Pilsbry & Sharp erroneously attributed this name to“Deshayes, 1898”.† costaricense, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 165, 166,fig. 3. Pliocene? Costa Rica. Holotype ANSP 3204;paratypes ANSP 78955 (2). Remark: as a nomennudum in Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 254).† costatior, Dentalium (Entalis) miopseudoentalis “?”var. Sacco, 1897: 106, pl. 9, figs 12, 13 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills,Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.006-BS.106.03.007 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306).† costatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 162, pl. 70,fig. 8. Pliocene. Holywell Craig, England, UnitedKingdom. Remarks: Dentalium costatum – Nyst(1845: 344, pl. 25, fig. 2; 1881: 121, pl. 7, fig. 15)was subsequently described as D. dollfusi Koenen,1883; D. costatum – J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon(1850: 162, pl. 70, fig. 8) was subsequentlydescribed as D. angustum Deshayes, 1861 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 198).† costulatior, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var.Sacco, 1897: 101, pl. 8, fig. 55 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.047 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 304).† costulatior, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897:96, pl. 7, figs 93, 94 [as a nomen nudum in SaccoZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)579

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. SyntypeMIGT BS.106.01.042 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 303).† costulatissima, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco,1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 95, 96 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Castenuova d’Asti andViale, Montafia, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.043, BS.106.01.044 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 303).† crassulum, Dentalium Stoliczka, 1868: 444, pl. 27,fig. 21. Cretaceous. Trichinopoly group. South ofSerdamungalum, India.crassum, Dentalium Salis Marschlins, 1793: 358 [citingGualtieri 1742: pl. 10, fig H; Martini 1769: pl. 1,fig. 4]. Recent. Tarento [Italy]. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791) (as SalisMarschlins cited the same figures as Gmelin).crassum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† crebrestriata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi,1881: 85 [original spelling crebre striata]. Pliocene.Bagalo and Niciola, Italy.crenatocinctum, Coleolus Hall, 1879. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. Remark:considered to be a Dentalium by Whitfield (1882).† cretaceum, Dentalium Conrad, 1852: 228, App.pl. 1, fig. 1. Cretaceous. Safed, Syria. Type materialpresumed lost (not found by Beecher 1900). Juniorsynonym: Dentalium syriacum Fraas, 1867 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221; Blanckenhorn 1927:123).† cretaustralium, Laevidentalium Stilwell, 1999: 223,224, figs 2, 3H-K. Cretaceous, Upper Albian?Coober Pedy, S[outh]. Australia. Holotype AMSF31169-1; paratypes AMS F31169-2, AMSF31169-2, JCU 11614.† cristatus, Entalis Mansuy, 1914: 52, pl. 7, fig. 17.Tertiary. Phnom Nien, near Sisophon, Cambodia.Remark: Hayasaka (1925: 24) stated that: “Thiscannot be an Entalis but is a Dentalium.”crocea, Dentalium dentale var. Dautzenberg, 1884: 302[ex Monterosato MS; nomen nudum in Monterosato1878: 76]. “Coste de Barbaria” [= North Africa].Recent. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia.Synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758).Remark: Dautzenberg appears to be the first authorto have validated Monterosato’s 1878 nomen nudum.crocinum, Dentalium Dall, 1907: 169. Recent. Gulf ofTokio, Japan, USFC stn 5094, 35°04.42’N,139°38.20’E, 88 fms [162 m]. Holotype USNM110508. Calliodentalium crocinum (Dall, 1907)(fide Habe 1964: 31). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toJapan and Australia. 27-1200 m.crosnieri, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 211, 212,figs 18, 28b. Recent. New Caledonia, LoyaltyIslands, RV Alis, MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW428,20°24’S, 166°13’E, 420 m. Holotype MNHN and7 paratypes (3 from stn MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW428; 1 from BIOGEOCAL, stn DW 292; 2 fromstn MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 459; 1 from stnMUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 487). Dentalium crosnieriScarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: NewCaledonia. 420-500m.crosnieri, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Nicklès, 1979:60, figs 15, pl. 1, fig. III. Recent. Vridi, Côted’Ivoire, 20 m. Holotype and 4 paratypes MNHN.Fustiaria crosnieri Nicklès, 1979. Eastern Atlantic:Africa, Côte d’Ivoire. 19-20 m.† crox, Dentalium “?” Keyserling, 1847: 228, pl. 1,figs 8, 8a. Devonian. Inä [Lake Baikal region],Siberia, Russia.† crux, Dentalium (Antale) Boettger, 1907: 210.Miocene. Valea Semini, Valea Casilor, ParauUngurului, and Parau Lui, Kostej, Romania.Lectotype SMF XIII.2a (selected by Zilch 1934:279, pl. 22, fig. 29). Dentalium (Antalis) cruxBoettger, 1907 (fide Zilch 1934: 279). Remark:Hörnes (1856) misidentified this species asDentalium pseudoentalis Lamarck, 1818.cubcanaliculatum, see subcanaliculatum.† cucumis, Cadulus Koenen, 1892: 990, 991, pl. 59,figs 21, 22. Lower Oligocene. Atzendorf andUnseburg, Germany.cucurbitus, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. Off BahiaHonda, Cuba, Blake stn 19, 23°03’N, 83°10.30’W,310 fms [567 m]. Holotype MCZ 7750. Caduluscucurbitus Dall, 1881. Western Atlantic, Caribbean.566 m.curtum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 225,fig. 62. Recent. Type locality not designated. Typematerial not located. Dentalium curtum Sowerby,1860. Western Atlantic, Caribbean.curtus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 527 [Watson 1886:21, pl. 3, fig. 7]. Recent. Challenger stn 24, offCulebra Island [Virgin Is.], St Thomas, 18°38.30’N, 65°05.30’W, 390 fms [712 m]. SyntypesBMNH 1994042 (5). Cadulus curtus Watson,1879. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 300-712 m.curvotracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Plate,1908a: 358, pl. 30, fig. 47. Recent. ZanzibarChannel, Valdivia stn 245, 5°27.9’S, 39°18.8’E,463 m. Holotype ZMB 61086. Junior synonym ofCalliodentalium semitracheatum (Boissevain,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273).† curvum, Siphodentalium [sic] Gardner, 1878: 63,pl. 3, figs 45-47. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestoneand Sevenoaks (Atherfield beds), England, UnitedKingdom. Entalina curva (Gardner, 1878) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 234).† curvus, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 12,15, text-fig. 8z-aa; pl. 1, figs 12-14. Middle Eocene,Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation,Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, BrazosRiver Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180437; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 180436, PRI 29223, ANSP31501 (all from Little Brazos Bluff), USNM180438 (Stone City Bluff).580ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)cuspidatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Nicklès, 1979: 73,fig. 30. Recent. Bay of Saloum, Senegal, 50 m.Holotype and 36 paratypes MNHN. Polyschidescuspidatus (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa,Senegal. 50 m.cyathoides, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 308,fig. 5. Recent. Padang Islands, Sumatra, Valdiviastn 191, 0°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m. LectotypeZMB 75361a (designated by Kilias 1995: 174);paralectotypes ZMB 76361b-75362, ZMB 75363(stn 211, Nicobar Islands, 7°48.8’N, 93°7.6’E,805 m). Cadulus cyathoides Jaeckel, 1932. Indo-Pacific: Africa to Philippines, Red Sea(?). 10-2050 m.† cyathus, Creseis Cristofori & Jan, 1832: 1. Pliocene.Italy. Cadulus cyathus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 157, 158, pl. 32, figs 36-39).Remark: Di Geronimo & La Perna (1997: 417)concluded that Cadulus attenuatus Monterosato,1875 was a valid species and not a junior synonymof C. cyathus, as stated by previous authors.cylindraceum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.cylindratus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 158. Recent. Typelocality not specified. Syntypes USNM 169479 (1;Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms[2646 m]), USNM 169480 (1; Porcupine 1869stn 31, 56°15’N, 11°25’W, 1360 fms [2482 m]),USNM 169481 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn 30, 54°24’N,11°49’W, 1380 fms [2519 m]), USNM 169482(1; Porcupine 1869 stn 20, 55°11’N, 11°31’W,1443 fms [2633 m]), BMNH 85.11.5.1284-1285(Porcupine, no locality). Cadulus cylindratusJeffreys, 1877. Eastern Atlantic: Norwegian Basin toBay of Biscay and Azores; Western Atlantic:Massachusetts (USA). 1200-3000 m.cylindrica, Hensonella Elliott, 1960. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.cylindricum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.Remarks: Dentalium cylindricum – Roemer1836 is Laevidentalium elongatum (Goldfuss, 1841)(fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37); Dentalium cylindricum– Fischer de Waldheim 1843 is Dentaliumgladiolus Eichwald, 1846 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 223).cylindricum, Dentalium – Gardner 1878: 61, pl. 3,figs 21-25 non J. Sowerby, 1814. Cretaceous.Blackdown, England, United Kingdom. Remarks:Gardner (1878: 61) recognized that Sowerby’sspecies was actually a Ditrupa (Polychaeta), butGardner then used Sowerby’s name for a scaphopod:“I have here transferred the name to the Blackdownfossils, as it has been for a long time almost universallyapplied to them.” Replacement name: Dentaliumsubplanum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.† cylindricus, Cadulus R. Janssen, 1989: 88, pl. 2,fig. 16. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian, Boom ClayFormation. Kruibeke, East Flanders, Belgium.Holotype RGM 221002a; paratype RGM221002b.† cyrtoceratoides, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 216,pl. 49, figs 13-15. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium.Dentalium cyrtoceratoides (de Koninck, 1883) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 230).† cyrtoceroides, Dentalium Broili, 1907: 71, pl. 6,fig. 3. Triassic, Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria.dacostianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 33;1850: 3. Recent. No information on habitat andtype material. Dentalium dacostianum Chenu,1843. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 61) consideredthis a doubtful species, although they listed itas valid.dalli, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:155, 156, pl. 30, figs 19-23. Recent. West coast ofPatagonia [Chile] USFC stn 2783, 51°02’30”S,74°08’30”W, 122 fms [223 m], and USFC stn2784, 48°41’S, 74°24’W, 194 fms [354 m].Syntypes USNM 602253 (2, stn 2784), USNM122746 (1, stn 2784; in error as USNM 123736 inoriginal description), SBMNH 35039 (1, stn 2783),AMNH 148395 (3). Siphonodentalium dalli(Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Steiner & Linse 2000:21-25). Southern Atlantic, Antarctica. 93-695 m.Remark: Although Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 156)specified two type lots, they also mentioned“Magellan Strait, 369 fms [673 m]” which is notpart of the type series.dalli, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897:114, 115, pl. 21, fig. 46. Recent. Santa BarbaraChannel, north of Santa Rosa Island, USFC stn3200, 34°15’N, 120°14’30”W, 265 fms [485 m].Syntypes USNM 107696, USNM 599443, LACM1756 (1, as paratype), SBMNH 35040. Rhabdusdalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Eastern Pacific:California to Chile. 360-1205 m. Remark: Shimek(1998: 83) synonymized this species with Rhabdusrectius. However, it remains to be determinedwhether the specimens reported from the type localitysouthwards to Chile are correctly referred to thisspecies, which was described from the northeasternPacific.† danai, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: 64,pl. 3, figs 2, 2a. Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA.Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638703 (as “holotype”in Palmer & Brann 1965: 371). Fustiaria(Laevidentalium) danai (Meyer, 1885) (fide Palmer& Brann 1965: 371).† danvillense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947: 210-212, pl. 26, figs 23-27. Eocene, Jackson Formation.Louisiana, USA. Holotype PRI 4472; paratypesPRI 4473-4476.dartevellei, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1979: 72,fig. 28. Recent. Malembe Beach (Zaire) [Congo].Holotype MRAC 792481. Dischides dartevellei(Nicklès, 1979). Known from the type locality only.† davasense, Dentalium (Entalis) Oppenheim, 1919:55, pl. 2, figs 4, 4b. Miocene. Kaleh-Davas, Turkey.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)581

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.decemcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var.Sacco, 1896: 97. Nomen nudum. Remark: subsequentlydescribed as Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. decemcostulata Sacco, 1897.† decemcostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var.Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, fig. 56 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.031 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 308).decemcostatum, Dentalium antverpiense “forma”Goddeeris, 1978: 72. Miocene. Belgium. Nomennudum. Remark: this is also an unavailable infrasubspecificname (ICZN 1999: articles 45.5 and45.6.3).decemcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 55. Recent.Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Lectotype AMSA90 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 34);paralectotype AMS C308152. Dentalium decemcostatumBrazier, 1877. Indo-Pacific: New Guineaand Australia. 2-271 m.† decemcostatum, Dentalium Quaas, 1902: 233, 234,pl. 25, figs 19-21. Cretaceous. Overwegischichten,Ammonitenberge, Libya. Junior homonym ofDentalium decemcostatum Brazier, 1877. Remark:we prefer not to rename this junior homonym untilits species status and systematics are better documented.† decemcostulata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 103, pl. 8, fig. 65. Pliocene. Villavernia,Bordighera and Astigiana, Italy. SyntypeMIGT BS.106.02.057 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 305).† decoratum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166,fig. 9 [ex Münster MS]. Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol,Austria/Italy. Remark: also cited in Wissmann1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 7.decurtata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884:32. Nomen nudum. Recent. Mediterranean.† decussatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 161,pl. 70, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Sussex, England, UnitedKingdom. Junior synonyms: Dentalium ellipticum J.Sowerby, 1814 (fide Gardner 1878: 58, FirstReviser according to ICZN 1999: article 24);Dentalium nutans Kner, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 221); Dentalium bicostale Ryckholt, 1851(tentatively, fide Ryckholt 1851).deforgesi, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 213, 214,figs 20, 28d, 71a, b. Recent. South of NewCaledonia, RV Coriolis, CHALCAL 2, stn DW 73,24°40’S, 168°38’E, 573 m. Holotype MNHN and6 paratypes (2 from CHALCAL 2, stn DW 73;4 from CHALCAL 2, stn 1146). Dentalium deforgesiScarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific, New Caledonia.185-575 m.deforme, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† defrancii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 211, pl. 2,figs 14-16. Eocene. Paris Basin (Le Guépelle,Ermenonville and Montagny), France. Remark: avalid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).† degrangei, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917: 163-165, pl. 1, figs 19-22. Miocene, Helvetian.Orthez (Le Paren), Sallespisse and Saint-Étienned’Orthe,France.† degrangei, Gadila (Loxoporus) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917: 184, pl. 2, figs 14, 15. Miocene, Helvetian.Saint-Étienne-d’Orthe, France.† dehmi, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935: 127, pl. 8, fig. 7a-c.Jurassic, Dogger. Forth, Bavaria, Germany.† dejtarense, Dentalium densitextum var. Báldi, 1973:337, pl. 50, fig. 9. Upper Oligocene. Dejtár,Hungary.† dekagonum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 984-986,pl. 59, fig. 2. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf andMühlingen, Germany.delesserti, Entalis Chenu, 1859: 374, fig. 2804.Unjustified emendation of Dentalium delessertianumChenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:82). Remarks: Dentalium delesserti sensu de Stefani(1884: 236) from the Tertiary of Italy is Dentaliumrectum var. monterosatoi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 214) established the varietymonterosatoi as a replacement name for Dentaliumphilippi Monterosato, 1872 non Chenu, 1843.delessertianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 10;1850: 3. Type locality not designated (“Fossilede ?”). Type material not located. Junior synonymof Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791), Plioceneof Italy (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 213; fideCaprotti 1979: 223). Remark: oldest available namefor Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 non Born,1790 (fide Bellini 1909: 228).delicatulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Suter, 1913: 823; 1915:pl. 32, fig. 7. Recent. Milford Sound [NewZealand], 100-120 fms [183-219 m]. HolotypeNZGS TM1220; paratype NZGS TM1221 (fideBoreham 1959: 75). Cadulus delicatulus Suter,1913. New Zealand. 20-602 m. Remark: Scarabino(1995: 333) tentatively referred this species toSiphonodentalium.† delli, Cadulus Marwick, 1965: 47, pl. 10, figs 17,18. Late Pliocene, Nukumaruan. NZGS locality GS2818, railway tunnel, Waihua River, New Zealand.Holotype NZGS TM3772 (locality GS 2818);paratype NZGS TM3771 (NZGS localityGS1409). Striocadulus delli (Marwick, 1965) (fideBeu & Maxwell 1990: 424).† delphinense, Dentalium Fontannes, 1880: 10; 1882:227-229, pl. 12, figs 3-5. Pliocene. Fay-d’Albon(Drôme), France. Remark: Fontannes (1882: 228)recorded this species from a number of additionallocalities in southeastern France.demersum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927: 142. UpperCretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks propertyon Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA.Type material USNM Paleobiology 32821. Replacementname for Dentalium inornatum Wade,582ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)1926, a junior homonym of Dentalium inornatumMcCoy in Griffith, 1844. Junior synonym ofDentalium leve Stephenson, 1923 (fide Stephenson1941: 253, 254).denacta, Dentalia Perry, 1811: caption to pl. 52.Recent. “Eastern Ocean”. Nomen dubium. Noinformation on type material.† denotatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Ludbrook, 1956:3, 4, pl. 1, figs 7-9. Pliocene. Abbatoirs Bore andDry Creek Sands, South Australia. Holotype SAMF 15140; 14 paratypes SAM. Remark: Ludbrook(1941: 101) misidentified this species as Dentaliumbifrons Tate, 1887.densatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1865: 212, pl. 20,fig. 15. Eocene. Type locality not given in originaldescription. Junior synonym of Dentalium mississippienseConrad, 1848 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:209).denseliratum, Antalis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 250 [exCarpenter MS]. Recent. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro,California, USA. Holotype USNM 19463. Juniorsynonym of Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45; 1898: 250). Remarks:Pilsbry & Sharp were the first to publish this manuscriptname: “There is also a museum name afloat‘Antalis denseliratum Cpr.’ for young indianorumwith a distinct slit on the convex side. One such inU.S. Nat. Mus. from San Pedro (No. 19.463), is19 mill. long, 2.9 wide at aperture”. This nameappears to have been overlooked in the subsequentliterature. Pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 11.6,this name is considered to have been published insynonymy of Dentalium indianorum Carpenter,1864, hence not an available name.† densitexta, Dentalium haeringense var. Noszky,1940: 51, 73. Lower Oligocene, Rupelian.Budapest district, Hungary. Remark: Báldi (1973:337) treated this taxon as a full species.† densmuris, Dentalium Mayer, 1858: 79, 80, pl. 4,fig. 3 [original spelling: dens muris]. Miocene. Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq, France. Dentalium densmurisMayer, 1858 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 202).dentale, Dentalium Conrad, 1845: 78, pl. 44, fig. 9.Recent and Tertiary. North Atlantic. Junior synonymof Dentalium attenuatum Say, 1824 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). Remark: Conrad(1845), in the plate caption, stated that: “Dentaliumdentale Conr. not Lin.; p. 78. It is D. attenuatumSay”.† dentalina, Ditrupa Guppy, 1873: 87, 88, pl. 1,fig. 11 (description); 1874: 444, 445, pl. 16, fig. 11(name and figure only); 1875: 42 (description).Miocene. Jamaica. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology115607 (figured specimen), USNM Paleobiology646435 (2). Described as a serpulid polychaete butin reality a scaphopod. Junior synonyms: Cadulus(Gadila) spiniformis Gardner, 1947; Cadulus hendersoniWoodring, 1925 (fide Woodring 1973:487). Gadilopsis dentalina (Guppy, 1873) (fideWoodring 1925: 206, 207, as Cadulus (Gadilopsis)dentalinus).dentalis, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785 [citing Rumphius1705: t. 41, f. 6]. Recent. Mediterranean.Syntypes LS 612, ZMUU 924, ZMUU 1011a-b.Junior synonyms: Dentalium linnaeanum Locard,1887 (145, footnote [incorrectly proposed replacementname to avoid tautonymy]); Dentalium simileBiondi Giunti, 1859 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:53). Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 53). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean.0-300 m.† dentaloideum, Orthoceras Phillips, 1836: 239, pl. 21,fig. 12. Carboniferous. Bolland, Yorkshire,England. Dentalium? dentaloideum (Phillips, 1836)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 230). Remark: Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 230) stated that this was “a doubtfulDentalium. L.-G. de Koninck considers itequally likely to be a Cyrtoceras [Cephalopoda]”.† denticulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850: 36,pl. 61, figs 13, 15, 16. Fossil. Locality not specified.Junior synonym: Gadus parisiensis Deshayes, 1861(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238). Polyschides denticulatum(Deshayes, 1850) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 238). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 238)erroneously dated this name to “1864” and theytherefore listed it as a junior synonym of Polyschidesparisiensis (Deshayes, 1861).† denticulustigris, Cadulus Maury, 1917: 324 [160],pl. 52 [26], fig. 7 [original spelling: denticulus-tigris].Miocene. Rio Gurabo at Los Quemados, DominicanRepublic. Cadulus denticulustigris Maury, 1917.† depressicollis, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 473,474, pl. 11, figs 25-27. Oligocene. DominicanRepublic. Type material ANSP 2884 (fide Pilsbry1922: 401).† depressum, Laevidentalium Pavia, 1991: 126-128,pl. 6, figs 1-5. Upper Miocene. Borelli, near Turin,Italy. Holotype and 12paratypes MIGT BS.D.08.1.† depressus, Cadulus Meyer, 1884: 111, text-fig. Eocene.Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Syntype USNMPaleobiology 638695.† dertornensis, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco,1897: 110, pl. 10, figs 4, 5 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. SyntypesMIGT BS.106.03.035, BS.106.03.036 (fideFerrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308).desaintlaurentae, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 361, 362,figs 166, 169f. Recent. Philippines, RV CoriolisMUSORSTOM 2, stn DR33, 13°32’N, 121°07’E,130-137 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN(8), AMS C201734, USNM 890855. Gadiladesaintlaurentae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:Philippines to New Caledonia. 137-250 m.† deshayesi, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 400. Tertiary. LaTrinité and Saint-Jean, France. Type material presumedlost (fide Arnaud 1978: 114). Remark:Risso’s manuscript figure of this species was publishedby Arnaud (1978: pl. 10, fig. 169).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)583

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.deshayesianum, Dentalium Galeotti, 1837. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.deshayesii, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 644, 645, pl. 6,fig. 17 [ex Guidotti MS]. Pliocene. Rivalta,Piacenza, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentaliumdeshayesi Risso, 1826. Replacement name:Dentalium guidotti Sacco, 1897.desmoulinsi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994: 39.Replacement name for Dentalium affine Deshayes,1861, a junior homonym of Dentalium affineBiondi, 1859. An objective junior synonym ofDentalium xiphias Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.diarrhox, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 511, 512[Watson 1886: 4, pl. 1, fig. 5]. Recent. 400 milesNE of New Zealand, Challenger stn 169, 37°34’S,179°22’E, 700 fms [1260 m]. Syntype BMNH1887.2.9.13. Antalis diarrhox (Watson, 1879) (fideScarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific: New Zealand.401-1260 m. Remark: this species was describedfrom four specimens but only one is in BMNH.Scarabino (1995: 236) cited BMNH 1887.2.9.65in error.† diazicum, Dentalium Maury, 1920: 46, 47, pl. 7,fig. 1. Tertiary. Maury Station 185, near JuanaDiaz, Puerto Rico.dichelum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 521[Watson 1886: 15, pl. 2, fig. 7]. Recent. LevukaIsland, Fiji Islands, 12 fms [22 m]. Syntype BMNH1887.2.9.65. Dischides dichelus (Watson, 1879)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 145; as Cadulus(Dischides) dichelus; fide Scarabino 1995: 340).Indo-Pacific: from Red Sea and Africa to FijiIslands. 22-1295 m. Remark: the two fragmentslisted in the original description were not located.didymum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 517 [Watson1886: 10, pl. 1, fig. 11]. Recent. Off CulebraIsland, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°5’30”W,390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.43-44, BMNH without reg. No. (Challenger Acc.no.2284, 2 possible syntypes). Junior synonym:Dentalium (Episiphon) johnsoni Emerson, 1952 (fideScarabino 1975: 186). Episiphon didymum (Watson,1879) (fide Scarabino 1994: 308). WesternAtlantic: Caribbean to Brazil. 2-740 m.difforme, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850.Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described asScaphopoda.diffusum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, figs 11, 12;1850: 3. “Fossil” [type locality not specified]. Juniorsynonym of Graptacme secta (Deshayes, 1825) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96).† dijki, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 186, 187, pl. 10,figs 184, 185; 1887: 186, 187, pl. 10, figs 184, 185.Miocene. Fatu Lulih, Fialarang, Timor; Grissee andNgembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntype RGM 7243(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111, whonoted that the description encompassed 15 specimens;evidently the remainder could not be located).† dilatatum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 105, pl. 12,fig. 13; 1887b: 99, pl. 12, fig. 13. Cretaceous.Tumbez, Chile.† dilatatum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888: 11, pl. 1,fig. 21. Eocene. Near Soissons, France. Siphonodentaliumdilatatum (Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 234). Remark: a valid species ofPulsellum (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard &Pacaud 1995: 86).† dingdenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Goddeeris, 1977:160, 161, fig. 4. Miocene. Dingden-Königsmühle,Germany. Holotype KBINW 5863.† diopon, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947: 626,pl. 57, figs 23-23a. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group,Shoal River Formation. USGS locality 3856, 6 milesNNW of Mossyhead, Walton County, Florida,USA. Two syntypes USNM Paleobiology 498398.† diploconus, Cadulus Seguenza, 1876: 266; 1879:276. Pliocene. Messina, Italy. Remark: this specieswas erroneously attributed to “Seguenza, 1880” byPilsbry & Sharp (1898: 236).dipsycha, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 33, 34, pl. 4, figs 57-60. Recent. Type localityunknown. Holotype ANSP 45468. Junior synonymof Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley inSowerby, 1860) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222).discrepans, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. NearNice, France. Nomen nudum.dispar, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 103, pl. 224,fig. 37. Recent. Singapore and Samar Island,Philippines. Syntypes BMNH 1993007 (SamarIsland, 4 fms [7 m]), BMNH 1993008 (Singapore,6 fms [11 m]). Tesseracme dispar (Sowerby, 1860)(fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 5). Indo-Pacific. 0-54 m.dispar, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 650, pl. 6, figs 20-22. Miocene. Castell’Arquato and Majatico, Italy.Junior homonym of Dentalium dispar Sowerby,1860. Replacement name: Dentalium (Pseudantalis)rubescens var. exdispar Sacco, 1897. Remark:Dentalium cocconii Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897 is anobjective junior synonym of Dentalium rubescensvar. exdispar, as it was also introduced as a replacementname later in the same year (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 214).disparile, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1853: 202, pl. 25,figs 14-17. Recent. Martinique. Syntypes BMNH1854.10.4.465. Antalis disparile (d’Orbigny, 1853)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 56). Western Atlantic,Caribbean to Santa Catarina, Brazil. 5-103 m.† dissimile, Dentalium Guppy, 1866: 292, pl. 17,fig. 4. Miocene (“Oligocene”), Bowden Formation.Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype BMNH (Palaeontology)64082. Tesseracme dissimilis (Guppy, 1866)(fide Woodring 1973: 483). Remark: Dentaliumponderosum Gabb, 1873 was considered a variety ofTesseracme dissimilis by Pilsbry & Sharp (1898a:470).divae, Cadulus Vélain, 1877: 128, 129, pl. 5, figs 1, 2.Recent. Island of St Paul [South Indian Ocean],584ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)38°S, 75°E, 90 m. Holotype MNHN. Gadila divae(Vélain, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 188).Known from type locality only.† divisiense, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 60, pl. 3,fig. 15. Cretaceous, Upper Greensand. Devizes,United Kingdom.† divulgatum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jung, 1969:313, 314, pl. 13, figs 1, 2. Miocene, SpringvaleFormation. Melajo River area, Trinidad, West Indies.Holotype NMB G-12718; paratypes USNM Paleobiology(5; without catalog number). Remark: alsorecorded from numerous other stations in Trinidad.† dodecacostatum, Antalis Brunet, 1995: 54, pl. 5,fig. 9. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-083.† dolichus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1973:486, pl. 70, fig. 7. Late Eocene, Bohio(?) Formation.USGS locality 18839, east side of PalenquillaPoint, SW of Corozo Island, Canal Zone, Panama.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646689.† dollfusi, Dentalium Koenen, 1883: 326, 327.Miocene. Germany and Belgium. No informationon type material. Name introduced for “Dentaliumcostatum Nyst, 1880”, a junior homonym, or a misapplication,of Dentalium costatum J. Sowerby,1814. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 203) questionedthe validity of this species: “Koenen statesthat this is not the costatum of Sowerby; but it isdoubtful whether he had the real costatum of Nyst.The species dollfusi rests therefore upon Koenen’sdescription only.dollfusi, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899a: 137. Recent.Roussillon [Gulf of Lion], Mediterranean Sea.Replacement name for Dentalium alternansBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843. Anobjective junior synonym of Dentalium inaequicostatumDautzenberg, 1891 (fide Cossmann1900: 186). A junior homonym of Dentaliumdollfusi Koenen, 1883. Antalis inaequicostata(Dautzenberg, 1891).dominguense, Cadulus d’Orbigny, 1853: 201, pl. 25,figs 7-9. Recent. Saint-Domingue [DominicanRepublic]; Martinique; Saint-Thomas; Cuba.Syntypes BMNH 1854.10.4.466 (Saint-Domingue).Gadila dominguensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 191). Western Atlantic:Caribbean to Brazil. 33-110 m. Remark: doubtfulrecords from the West African coast by Nicklés(1955: 100; 1979: 64).dorsicostata, Entalina Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 138,139, figs 141B, 142C, D, 144. Recent. Off Cairns,northern Queensland, Australia, 17°50.67’S,147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO17729;paratypes QM MO40069 (1), QM MO17756 (1;northern Queensland, 17°33’S, 146°55’E), AMSC169774 (6; 80 km SW of Cape Martin, SouthAustralia, 37°50’-37°55’S, 139°15’-139°25’E,1555 m), AMS C169795 (30; 48 km south of CapeNelson, Victoria, 2000 m), AMS C169989 (3; offWoollongong, New South Wales, 34°27-26’S,151°27’E, 1200 m), AMS C169796 (1; east ofSandy Cape, Queensland, 24°43.5-8’S, 153°33.4-33.3’E, 604 m). Entalina dorsicostata Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific, Australia. 153-2000 m.doumenci, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 360, 361, figs 165,169a. Recent. N Mozambique Channel, Banc duGeyser, BENTHEDI stn DS11, 12°16,3’S,46°42,2’E, 2300-2450 m. Holotype MNHN and 3paratypes (1 from stn DS103; 2 from BENTHEDIstn DS40). Gadila doumenci Scarabino, 1995.Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 100-2700 m.duartei, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986a: 5, figs 6-11,17-21. Recent. Cuenca Argentina, Vema stn V-17-80, 43°58’S, 52°09’W, 5781 m. Holotype AMNH202770; paratypes AMNH 202771, 202772(stn V-17-81, 5332 m), MCZ 293962, MHNM14760, 14761, MNHN. Wemersoniella duarteiScarabino, 1986. Western Atlantic: Puerto Rico toBrazil. 5332-5781 m.† dufresnii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 361, 362,pl. 17, fig. 18. Pliocene. Marcigny, Bourgogne,France.† dujardini, Dentalium (Antale) Peyrot, 1938: 10, 11.Miocene, Helvetian. Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois,Pont-Levoy, Manthelan, and Louans, LigerianBasin, Touraine, France. Type material stated to bein author’s collection. Remark: Dujardin (1837)erroneously identified this species as Dentaliumpseudoantalis Lamarck, 1818.† dumasi, Dentalium Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 162,163, pl. 1, figs 14, 15, pl. 2, fig. 18. Miocene,Tortonian and Helvetian. Saubrigues, Saint-Jeande-Marsacqand Parleboscq (La Guirande), France.Tentative junior synonym of Dentalium michelottiHörnes, 1856 (fide Pavia 1991: 111).† dumasi, Fustiaria “(?)” Cossmann, 1919: 141 [89],pl. 3, fig. 49. Eocene. Le Bois-Gouët, France.dumblei, Dentalium minutistriatum var. Kennedy,1895 : 97 [spelled dumbli], 114, 123, 126, 128, 130[ex Harris MS]. Eocene. Texas. Nomen nudum; notmade available by subsequent citation by Dumble(1920 : 171) and Plummer (in Sellards et al. 1933 :693) (fide Palmer 1937: 21; 1947: 215).dunkeri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 221, 222. Cretaceous. Near Cassel,Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium rugosumDunker, 1848 non Eichwald “1846” [sic,1857]. Remark: an unnecessary replacement name,since Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 222) erroneouslydated Eichwald’s name to 1846, not 1857.duodecemcostatum, see duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877.duodecenaria, Dentalium Conrad, 1862b: 570 (citingEmmons 1858: 274, fig. 188). Miocene. NorthCarolina. Junior synonym of Dentalium attenuatumSay, 1824 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)585

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Remark: the specimen figured by Emmons (1858)was labeled as “Dentalium attenuatum Say,” butConrad considered this specimen to be a distinct,new species.† duodecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 103, 104, pl. 8, fig. 69 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Villaverniaand Zinola, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.061(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305).† duodecimcostatum, Dentalium d’Archiac, 1850: 443.Oligocene? Biarritz, France.duodecimcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56.Recent. Darnley Island, Torres Straits [northernAustralia], 30 fms [55 m]. Holotype AMS C170764.Junior homonym of Dentalium duodecimcostatumd’Archiac, 1850. Replacement name: Dentaliumhealyi n. nom. Dentalium duodecemcostatum[Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 61] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.† duodecimplicatum, Dentalium Repelin, 1907: 16,pl. 1, figs 12, 13. Upper Cretaceous, Saumatrian,Lower Campanian. Plan d’Aups, France.† duplex, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 71. Eocene.Parnes, Seine-et-Oise [Oise], France. Junior synonym:Dentalium bicarinatum Deshayes, 1825 (fideDeshayes 1864: 203). Remark: a valid species ofLobantale (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard &Pacaud 1995: 85).duplicatum, Dentalium Blainville, 1825. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† durhami, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1957:989, 990, pl. 126, fig. 3. Oligocene, Lincoln stage,Lincoln formation. UCMP loc. A-8723, GraysHarbor County, Washington, USA. HolotypeUCMP 37582; paratype UCMP 37583.eboracense, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 523[Watson 1886: 17, pl. 2, fig. 10]. Recent. TorresStrait, Cape York, Australia, 3-11 fms [5.5-20 m].Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.69/1 (designated byLamprell & Healy 1998: 144); paralectotypesBMNH 1887.2.9.69/2-4 (3). Pulsellum eboracense(Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1995: 322). Indo-Pacific: Australia. 5-321 m.eboreum, Dentalium Conrad, 1846b: 27. Recent.Tampa Bay [west coast of Florida]. LectotypeANSP 35530 (designated by Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:89); paralectotype ANSP 320995. Junior synonyms:Dentalium leptum Bush [in Verrill], 1885b;Dentalium matara Dall, 1889 (fide Henderson1920: 66); Dentalium amaliense Henderson, 1920(fide Scarabino 1975: 185). Graptacme eborea(Conrad, 1846) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 89).Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil. 0-195 m.Remarks: original type locality was “southern coastof Florida” and the restriction to Tampa by Pilsbry& Sharp is pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 76.2.Since the Latin stem “ebur” is not used as a nameproper but in its adjective form, the ending needs tobe adjusted to the female gender of the genus name.eburneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1264 [no referencesgiven]. Recent. India. Type material notlocated. Junior synonyms: Dentalium annulareSowerby, 1829; Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116); Dentalium philippinarumSowerby, 1860 (fide Scarabino 1995: 291).Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) (fideHabe & Kosuge 1964: 7). Indo-Pacific: India toPhilippines. 44-200 m. Remark: the species misidentifiedas Dentalium eburneum by G. B. Sowerby(1825: pl. 138, fig. 6) is Dentalium subeburneumd’Orbigny, 1850.ecostatum, Dentalium Kirk, 1880. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.edenensis, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 87,figs 82E, 83E, 89. Recent. Tasman Sea, east ofEden, New South Wales, Australia, 36°57.95’S,150°22’E, 616-1050 m. Holotype AMS C303583;paratypes AMS C174458 (2), AMS C174170 (3),AMS C174457 (3). Fissidentalium edenensisLamprell & Healy, 1998. Pacific Ocean: easternAustralia. 322-1050 m.edoense, Dentalium Tokunaga, 1906. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† elassum, Dentalium (Episiphon) innumerabile subsp.Woodring, 1973: 485, pl. 75, fig. 26. MiddleMiocene, Gatun Formation. USGS locality 5845,Quebrancha Hills, overlooking Gatun Lake, CanalZone, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology646738.† elaticosta, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897:110, pl. 10, fig. 6 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. SyntypeMIGT BS.106.03.037 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 308).elegans, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1310, 1311,pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 2, figs 1-9. Recent. Indian Ocean,Vitjaz stn 6744-5 T, 12°46.7’S, 88°54.4’E, 5100-5200 m. Holotype ZIN; paratypes IOM (1 fromstn 5193, 32°48.9’S, 103°58.2’E, 5300 m; 1 fromstn 6742-11, 13°01.2’S, 91°15.5’E, 5600-5800 m;2 from stn 6742-15, 13°01.2’S, 91°15.5’E,5280 m). Costentalina elegans Chistikov, 1982.Indo-Pacific: Australia. 5100-5800 m.† elegantissimus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a:473, pl. 11, figs 28-30. Oligocene. DominicanRepublic. Syntypes ANSP 2885 (fide Pilsbry 1922:401), ANSP 79571.elegantissimus, Striocadulus (Sagamicadulus) Sakurai &Shimazu, 1963: 250, 251, text-fig. 1. Recent. OffHayama, Sagami Bay, 30-70 fms [55-128 m].Holotype and paratype NSMT. Sagamicaduluselegantissimus (Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963) (fideScarabino 1995: 334). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 55-128 m.elegantulum, Dentalium (Antalis) Penna-Neme, 1974:108, figs 1, 3, 8. Recent. Akaroa stn 183,10°41’02”S, 36°20’25”W, 100 m. HolotypeMZUSP 18699; paratypes MZUSP 18700,MZUSP 18702, MNRJ 3646. Junior synonym of586ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Antalis infracta (Odhner, 1931) (fide Scarabino1975: 184).elenae, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 359, 360, figs 164,169d. Recent. New Caledonia, RV Vauban MU-SORSTOM 4 stn DW 156, 18°54’S, 163°19’E,525 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (7; 2from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 156; 2 from BIO-CAL stn DW 08; 1 from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW160; 2 from MUSORSTOM 6 stn DW 410), AMSC201733 (1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 160),NMNZ M268956 (1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW160). Gadila elenae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:New Caledonia. 435-668 m.elephantinum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785 [citing:Buonanni 1684: I. t. 8; Lister 1685-1692: 4.s. 2. f. 3; Rumphius 1705: t. 41. f. I; Petiver 1713:t. 16. f. 33, 1702-1711: t. 13. f. 9; Gualtieri 1742:t. 10. f. I; d’Argenville 1742: t. 7. f. H]. Recent.Indian Ocean [Ambon, Indonesia]. SyntypesZMUU 805a-b, ZMUU 1008a-b, LS 610. Juniorsynonyms: Dentalium arcuatum Gmelin, 1791;?Dentalium recurvum Deshayes, 1825; Dentaliumstriatum Born, 1778 (partim) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 2); Dentalium viridis Perry, 1811 (fide Habe1964: 6). Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus,1758. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Australia. 0-40 m.Remark: placed on the Official List of Specific Namesin Zoology as the type species of Dentalium byICZN Direction 73 (1957).† elephantinus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 95.Mesozoic [?]. Sternberg and Ludwigslust (Mecklenberg),Germany. Remark: although Schlotheim(1820) compared this fossil species with the RecentDentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758, these twospecies are not synonyms.elephas, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 107,108, pl. 17, fig. 10. Recent. Off St. Vincent [LesserAntilles], West Indies, Blake stn 230, 13°13’20”N,61°18’45”W, 464 fms [846 m]. Holotype MCZ7741. Gadila elephas (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 640-1200 m.elizabethae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:91, 92, figs 92A, 93A, 94. Recent. North ofNewcastle, New South Wales, 32°49.3’S,152°49.1’E, 1075 m. Holotype AMS C174634;paratypes AMS C152019 (6). Fissidentalium elizabethaeLamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from typelocality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt.5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of F. elizabethaeLamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-visCompressidentalium subcurvatum (E.A. Smith,1906) requires further research.elliptica, Dentalium undulatum var. Kittl, 1894: 244[263]. Triassic, St Cassian Formation. Tirol,Austria/Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium ellipticumJ. Sowerby, 1814. Replacement name:Dentalium kittli Cossmann, 1900.ellipticum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 161, 162,pl. 70, figs 6, 7. Cretaceous. Folkstone, Kent,England, United Kingdom. Junior synonym ofDentalium decussatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (fidePilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 221). Remark: the speciesmisidentified as Dentalium ellipticum by Reuss(1845: 41, pl. 11, fig. 20) was subsequentlydescribed as Dentalium michauxianum Ryckholt,1851 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 224).ellipticum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Koenen, 1892:986, pl. 59, fig. 16. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf,Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium ellipticumJ. Sowerby, 1814. Replacement name:Laevidentalium pseudellipticum n. nom.elongata, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898: 142.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofCadulus monterosatoi Locard, 1897.elongata, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium ergasticum, a junior synonym ofFissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877).elongata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884:32. Recent. Mediterranean. Nomen nudum.† elongatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166,fig. 5 [ex Münster MS]. Cretaceous. Banz,Bamberg, Germany. Laevidentalium elongatum(Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37).Remark: Richardson (1906: 575) tentatively suggestedthat Dentalium filicauda Quenstedt, 1852might be a junior synonym of this species; Brauns(1865: 113; 1869: 191) listed these two taxa as synonyms.elongatus, Cadulus (Platyschides?) Henderson, 1920:122, 123, pl. 19, fig. 15. Recent. Off the mouth ofMississippi River, USBF stn 2378, 29°14.30’N,88°09.30’W, 68 fms [124 m]. Holotype USNM323596. Polyschides elongatus (Henderson, 1920)(fide Emerson in Turgeon 1998: 55). Known fromtype locality only.elpis, Dentalium Winckworth, 1927: 168, 169, fig. 1,pl. 14, figs 6, 7. Recent. Mannar Island, Ceylon [SriLanka], 3 fms [5 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1952.3.21.13(designated by Ludbrook 1954: 110); paralectotypesBMNH 1952.3.21.14, NMW. Graptacmeelpis (Winckworth, 1927) (fide Scarabino 1995:246). Indian Ocean: Maldives, Sri Lanka. 14-238 m.† emersoni, Coccodentalium Squires, 1988: 8, 9, figs 7, 8.Eocene, Juncal Formation. CSUN locality 979,northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California,USA. Holotype LACM Invertebrate Paleontology7690.† emersoni, Entalina Maxwell, 1992: 187, pl. 29,figs h, i, l, o. Eocene. NZGS localities GS9480,GS9508, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge,South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGSTM7230; paratypes, NZGS (3).emersoni, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Caprotti, 1979:240, 241, pl. 11, figs 2-5. Pliocene, Piacenzian.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)587

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Castell’Arquato, Italy. Holotype MSNM I 5526.Junior synonym of Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856)(fide Pavia 1991: 128).engischistum, Dentalium Barnard, 1963b: 351, 352,fig. 30f. Recent. Cape Natal, Durban, South Africa,62 fms [112 m]. Syntypes SAFM A5463 (6),BMNH 19642510 (6). Fustiaria engischista(Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 278). IndianOcean: South Africa. 85-460 m. Remark: Scarabino(1995: 278) stated that SAFM A5463 was the holotype,but there are six syntypes in that lot and hedid not designate any one of them as a lectotype.† enneagonum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 187, 188,pl. 10, fig. 186; 1887: 187, 188, pl. 10, fig. 186.Pliocene? Samarang, Bohrlock Blakan Kebon, Java,Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7244 (2) (fide Van denHoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111).ensiculus, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153. Recent.Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH1885.11.5.1344-46 (Porcupine, no locality),BMNH 1877.11.28.56 (Valorous, 1450 fms[2624 m]) [fide Warén 1980: 54; not located inBMNH], USNM 176126 (Valorous stn 12,56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland,2646 m]), USNM 176127 (Porcupine 1869 stn 19a[stn 19: 54°53’N, 10°56’W, Ireland, 1360 fms,2482 m]), USNM 176128 (Porcupine 1869 stn 42,49°12’N, 12°52’W, 862 fms [Greenland, 1573 m]),USNM 176129 (Porcupine 1870 stn 17, 39°42’N,9°43’W, 1095 fms [Portugal, 1998 m]), USNM176130 (Porcupine 1870 stn 16, 39°55’N, 9°56’W,994 fms [Portugal, 1814 m]), USNM 176131(Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 15°58’W, 1785 fms[Greenland, 3258 m]). Junior synonym: Dentaliumsigsbeanum Dall, 1881 (fide Dall 1889: 428).Bathoxiphus ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 121). Western Atlantic: Greenlandto Caribbean; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland toNamibia. 350-4680 m.ensiforme, Dentalium Chenu, 1842: pl. 6, fig. 18;1850: 3. Recent. Antilles. Type material not located.Laevidentalium(?) ensiforme (Chenu, 1842)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 101).ensis, Dentalium Handmann 1888: 26 [ex Rolle MS].Nomen nudum. Neogene. Vöslau, Austria. Remark:although Handmann attributed this name to“Rolle,” we were unable to find this in the publicationsof Friedrich Rolle that were available to us.entaliopsis, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 203.Eocene, London Clay. Portsmouth, Southamptonand Primrose Hill, England, Great Britain.Replacement name for Entaliopsis annulata Newton& Harris, 1894, a junior secondary homonym ofDentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; D. annulatumCristofori & Jan, 1832; D. annulatum Sandberger,1842; D. annulatum Meyer, 1886; Entalis annulatumTate, 1887. Junior synonym of Antalis constricta(Newton & Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey1997: 90, 91).entalis, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785, 786 [citing:Linnaeus 1746: 1327; Buonanni 1684: I. t. 9; Lister1685-1692: 4. s. 2. f. 3; Rumphius 1705: t. 41. f. 5;Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. F; d’Argenville 1742: t. 7. f.K]. Recent. Atlantic Ocean. Syntypes ZMUU1009, ZMUU 1010, LS 613. Junior synonym:Dentalium (Antalis) entale stimpsoni Henderson,1920 (replacement name for Dentalium striolatumStimpson, 1851a) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43).Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide G. O. Sars1878: 100, 101; Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). EasternAtlantic: Spitzbergen to Morocco; WesternAtlantic: Arctic Ocean to New England. 5-1400 m.Remarks: placed on the Official List of SpecificNames in Zoology as the type species of Antalis byICZN Opinion 361 (1955). Dentalium entanis[Nyst & Westendorp 1839: 412] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling.entalis, Dentalium – J. Sowerby 1814: 159, 160,pl. 70, fig. 3, non Linnaeus, 1758. Tertiary.Hordwell Cliffs, England, United Kingdom.Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 203). Unnecessary replacement name:Dentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849.† entaloides, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 240. Pliocene.Hordwell Cliffs and Stubbington, England, UnitedKingdom. Founded on Dentalium entalis sensuJ. Sowerby 1814 non Linnaeus, 1758. Objectivejunior synonym: Dentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849.entaloides, Dentalium Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842:128, 129, pl. 7, figs 36-38. Jurassic. Moutiers,Bayeaux, France. Junior homonym of Dentaliumentaloides Fleming, 1825. Next available name:Dentalium oolithicum Piette, 1856 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 225). Remarks: Brauns (1869: 191)concluded that this species was a junior synonym ofDentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841. The speciesCossmann (1885) misidentified as D. entaloidesEudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 was later described asFustiaria (Laevidentalium) rigauxi Fischer & Vadet,1985.entanis, see entalis Linnaeus, 1758.† epetrion, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1973:487, pl. 75, figs 1, 2. Middle Miocene, GatunFormation. USGS locality 22018, Payardi Island,Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646741;paratype USNM Paleobiology 646732.† equisetum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1964:203, 204, pl. 38, figs 8-8c. Pliocene. EsmeraldasFormation. Quebrada Camarones, Ecuador.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 645438; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 645439 (1), 645440 (1),645441 (1).erectum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225, fig.55. Recent. Sydney Harbor, Australia. LectotypeBMNH 1993130/1 (designated by Lamprell &Healy 1998: 109); paralectotypes BMNH1993130/2-3 (2). Junior synonym: Dentalium pluteumColman, 1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998:588ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)109). Laevidentalium erectum (Sowerby, 1860)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111). Indo-Pacific:Australia. 11-2569 m.erectum, Dentalium “Verkrz.” Paetel, 1888: 593.“Jam.” [= Jamaica]. Nomen nudum. Remark: Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 253) stated that this species “isunknown to us”.ergasticum, Dentalium Fischer, 1883: 275, 276.Recent. Atlantic Ocean, 1900 m. SyntypesMNHN; MCZ 133729 (1; Talisman, off Fayal,Azores, 38°33’25”N, 30°28’54”W). Junior synonymof Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877)(B. Métivier, n. syn.).† erleneae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 15,16, text-fig. 8a, b; pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 2, fig. 5.Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook MountainFormation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos River,Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNMPaleobiology 180425; paratypes USNM Paleobiology180426, 180446; PRI 29224; ANSP 31502.erosum, Fissidentalium Shimek & Moreno, 1996: 77-81, figs 2, 4, 5. Recent. Station P3 (Moss LandingMarine Laboratory Designation), Pioneer Canyon,off Central California, 37°03’N, 123°26’W, 3090-3300 m. Holotype LACM 2755; paratypes LACM2756, USNM 880041, BMNH 1994054. Fissidentaliumerosum Shimek & Moreno, 1996. EasternPacific: California. 3090-3300 m.“esinense”, Dentalium – Kittl 1899: 4. Error forDentalium lombardicum Kittl, 1899. Remark: Kittl(1899: 191) corrected this error in the descriptionof Dentalium lombardicum but erred again spellingit “longobardicum”. Kittl used the correct originalspelling on pages 197 and 213.† esmeraldum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson,1942: 232, 233 [80, 81], pl. 6, figs 1, 2, 10.Pliocene, Esmeraldas Formation. Punta Gorda,Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. Holotype PRI 4069;paratypes PRI 4070 (2) (fide Brann & Kent 1960:318).† etalense, Dentalium Terquem & Piette, 1865: 67,pl. 2, fig. 43. Jurassic, Liassic. Saint-Menge, France.Laevidentalium etalense (Terquem & Piette, 1865)(fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37). Remark:Woodward (1893: 352) listed Dentalium portlockiTate, 1870 as a junior synonym of this species, butwithout any explanation.eualdes, Dentalium Barnard, 1963a: 444, 445. Recent.South Africa, 33°36’S, 16°15’E, 1520-1570 fms[2774-2865 m]. Syntypes SAFM A9736 (2),BMNH 1964241. Fissidentalium eualdes (Barnard,1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 255). Indian Ocean,South Africa. 2780-2880 m.† eugenii, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 438. Eocene. PrairieCreek beds, Wilcox County, Alabama, USA.Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 112631 (designatedby Palmer & Brann 1965: 367, as “holotype”).euloides, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1901: 459,pl. 24, fig. 24. Recent. Gulf of Oman, Karachi,24°49’N, 58°56’E, 345 fms [630 m]. LectotypeBMNH 1901.12.9.12 (designated by Ludbrook1954: 115); paralectotypes ANSP 164737 (1);ZMA 3.01.011 (2 possible paralectotypes). Caduluseuloides Melvill & Standen, 1901. Indian Ocean:Red Sea to India and Maldives. 183-630 m.eupatrides, Dentalium Melvill & Standen, 1907: 142,pl. 1, fig. 12. Recent. Antarctica, East of WeddellSea, N. of Queen Maud Land, 71°22’S, 16°34’W,1410 fms [2573 m]. Syntypes RSM 1921.143.584(figured syntype and 32 syntypes), NMW1955.158.590-91 (5), BMNH 1908.6.30.3 (1).Dentalium eupatrides Melvill & Standen, 1907.Antarctica, South Pacific. 2538-2700 m. Remarks:C. P. Palmer in Oliver (1984) assigned this speciesto Graptacme; V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggestedthat this species is referable to Fissidentalium.The type locality was “accidentally omitted” fromthe original description and was subsequently providedby Melvill & Standen (1907: 358).euzkadii, Annulipulsellum Scarabino, 1986b: 4, 5,figs 8-20. Recent. North Atlantic, R/V KnorrCruise 25, stn 307, 12°34.4’-12°40.8’N, 58°59.3’-59°09.2’W, 3835-3862 m. Holotype MCZ293952; paratypes MCZ 293954, MCZ 293953(Atlantis II cruise 31, stn 155, 00°03.0’S, 27°48.0’W,3730-3783 m), MCZ 293955 (Chain cruise 106,stn 326, 50°04.9’N, 14°23.8’W, 3859 m), MCZ293956 (Knorr cruise 25, stn 306, 09°31.1’N,56°20.6’W, 3392-3429 m), MNHN, MHNM14770-14772, AMNH 202773 (1; fide Boyko &Sage 1986: 29). Annulipulsellum euzkadiiScarabino, 1986. Eastern and Central Atlantic:Iceland to off Brazil. 1407-3862 m.† ewekoroense, Dentalium (Antalis) Adegoke, 1977:64, pl. 6, figs 10, 11. Paleocene. Nigeria. HolotypeUIMG 182; paratype USNM Paleobiology174767.exaratum, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. NearNice, France. Nomen nudum.† exaratum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927b: 198,pl. 51, fig. 14. Pliocene. Upper Chikbets Beds(branch stream of the Haboro) and Lower ChikbetsBeds (Rorenai), Haboro, Teshio, Japan. Syntype,Geological Survey of Japan (fide Hanzawa et al.1961: 209).exasperatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 225, pl. 5,fig. 12. Recent. South Africa, Umphloti Rivermouth, 27 fms [49 m]. Syntypes BMNH1903.7.27.57-59. Junior synonym: Dentaliumplatei Jaeckel, 1932 (fide Barnard 1963a: 347).Fissidentalium exasperatum (Sowerby, 1903) (fideScarabino 1995: 255). Eastern Atlantic, IndianOcean: South Africa. 49-180 m.† exdispar, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) rubescens var.Sacco, 1897: 112. Miocene. Castell’Arquato andMajatico, Italy. Replacement name for Dentaliumdispar Mayer, 1874 non Sowerby, 1860. Remark:Dentalium cocconii Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897 is anZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)589

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.objective junior synonym as it was also introducedas a replacement name later in the same year (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 214).† exiguum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 980, 981,pl. 59, figs 9-11. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf,Germany.exiguus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 528, 529 [Watson1886: 23, pl. 3, fig. 10]. Recent. Off CulebraIsland, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°5’30”W,390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.94 (2).Cadulus exiguus Watson, 1879. Known from typelocality only.† exile, Dentalium Tommasi, 1901: 57, pl. 1, fig. 10.Middle Triassic, Ladinian (fide Diener 1926: 229).Canal di Pézo, Valle del Dezzo, Italy.† exlamarcki, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897: 106.Miocene. Bordeaux and Dax, France. Replacementname for Dentalium lamarcki Mayer, 1864, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium lamarcki Chenu, 1843.exmouthensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell &Healy, 1998: 19, 20, figs 9B, 10B, 12, 13D-F.Recent. Near lighthouse, North West Cape,Exmouth Gulf, northern Western Australia, in littoralsand. Holotype QM MO38994; paratypesQM MO38985 (1), AMS C172174 (1), WAM282-93 (2). Dentalium exmouthensis Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indian Ocean: Western Australia.0-82 m.† expolita, Entalina Della Bella & Tabanelli, 1996:14-16, text-figs A, B. Lower Pleistocene, Santerniano.Samoggia, near Monte Mario, Romagna,Italy. Holotype and paratypes, Laboratorio diMalacologia dell’Istituto di Zoologia dell’Universitàdi Bologna, No. 11631.exuberans, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10 [Locard,1898: 110, pl. 6, figs 15-20]. Recent. Senegal,“Sahara” [Morocco], Azores between Pico and SaintGeorges, 1258-3650 m. Syntypes MNHN (1 fromAzores; 3 from Azores, Talisman 1883 dr. 126,4255 m; 2 from Talisman 1883 dr. 102, 3655 m).Junior synonym of Fissidentalium paucicostatum(Watson, 1879) (B. Métivier, n. syn.).exvitreum, Siphonodentalium Sacco, 1897: 115, footnote.Replacement name for Dentalium vitreumM. Sars, 1851 [1831 in error] non Dentaliumvitreum Gmelin, 1791. Junior synonym ofSiphonodentalium lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 253). Remark: Sacco consideredS. vitreum (M. Sars, 1851) and S. lobatum(Sowerby, 1860) to be different species.† ezoense, Dentalium cooperi var. Nagao, 1938: 140,141, pl. 15 [2], figs 12-14. Cretaceous. Abesinaigawa,Tezio province, Japan; Umpei-sawa, Uryugawa,Rutaka-gun, Sakhalin [Russia]. Syntype,Dept. Geol., Hokkaido Univ. No. 8248 (fideHanzawa et al. 1961: 209).fabrizioi, Bathycadulus, Scarabino, 1995: 354, 355,figs 159, 160 m, n. Recent. South Africa, MeiringNaude stn SM 109, 28°41’S, 32°37’E, 1300 m.Holotype SAFM A36258; paratypes MHNM14751 (1), SAM (1), MNHN (11; MD 32 Réunionstn DS109), NM (1; MD 32 Réunion stn DS109),USNM 890862 (1; stn DS109). Bathycadulusfabrizioi Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: SouthAfrica to New Caledonia. 1050-1915 m.falcatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1869. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.falklandicum, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Dell,1964: 131, fig. 4, No. 13. Recent. Falkland Islands,Scoresby stn WS 210, 50°17’S, 60°06’W , 161 m.Holotype BMNH 1962878/1; paratypes BMNH1962878/2-6, BMNH 1962879/6 (stn 211,50°17’S, 60°06’W, 174 m), BMNH 1962879/4(stn 212, 49°22’S, 60°10’W, 242-249 m), BMNH1962881/6 (stn 214, 48°25’S, 60°40’W, 208-219m), BMNH 1962882/1 (stn 229, 50°35’S,57°20’W, 210-271 m). Pulsellum falklandicum(Dell, 1964). Western Atlantic: Uruguay toMagellanic Region, Falkland Islands. 81-1274 m.fasciatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingMartini 1769: I. t. I. f. 3. B]. Recent. Sicily [MediterraneanSea]. Type material not located. Juniorsynonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42).fausta, Polyschides Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971:496 [in Japanese], 313, 314 [in English], pl. 65,figs 18, 19. Recent. Sagami Bay, Amadaiba-Kannontsukadashi-Maruyamadashi, Japan, 86 m(as a nomen nudum in Habe 1963: 276). Holotypeand paratype in Imperial Household BiologicalLaboratory (Japan). Polyschides fausta Kuroda,Habe & Oyama, 1971 (fide Scarabino 1995: 339).Indo-Pacific: Japan. 50-100 m.† feruglioi, Laevidentalium Brunet, 1995: 55, pl. 5,fig. 11. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-060.festivum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1914: 8. Recent. NewCaledonia. Holotype BMNH 1914.4.2.1. Pictodentaliumfestivum (Sowerby, 1914) (fide Habe1964: 15, as Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum).Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 20-62 m. Remark:Dentalium festivum was synonymized with P. formosum(Adams & Reeve, 1850) by Habe (1963: 255)and Lamprell & Healy (1998: 72); however,Scarabino (1995: 269) treated this as a valid species.† fibula, Gadila Boettger, 1907: 212. Miocene. ValeaSemini, Kostej, Banat, Romania. Holotype SMFXIII.6a (fide Zilch 1934: 278, pl. 22, fig. 24).Cadulus (Gadila) fibula (Boettger, 1907) (fide Zilch1934: 278).† filicauda, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443, pl. 35,fig. 18; 1867: 530. Jurassic, Liassic. Near Berlin,Germany. Remarks: Richardson (1906: 575) tentativelysuggested that this species might be a juniorsynonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841;Brauns (1865: 113; 1869: 191) listed these two taxaas synonyms.590ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)filosa, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 219, pl. 49, figs 23,24. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium filosum Broderip &Sowerby, 1830. Replacement name: Dentaliumorthoceras Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.filosum, Dentalium Broderip & Sowerby, 1830: 48.Recent. Tenasserim [Burma/Myanmar], on shore.Syntypes (3) not located. Dentalium filosumBroderip & Sowerby, 1830. Reported from typelocality only.filum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 98, pl. 225, fig. 45.Recent. Gibraltar; “Philippines”. Type material notlocated. Junior synonyms: Dentalium gracileJeffreys, 1870 (fide Jeffreys 1883: 661), Dentaliumfuniculus Brugnone, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 204, 253), Dentalium (Antalis) laeve Hilgard& Hopkins, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 207).Episiphon filum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 118). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean.20-4784 m.filum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Marwick, 1931:158, pl. 18, figs 342, 343. Miocene, Altonian-Clifdenian, Ihungia Series. Waihora River,Waingaromia, Gisborne, New Zealand. HolotypeNZGS TM4813; paratypes NZGS TM4814 (1),NZGS (5) (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Junior homonymof Dentalium filum Sowerby, 1860. Replacementname: Dentalium waihoraensis Emerson, 1954.Laevidentalium waihoraense (Emerson, 1954) (fideMaxwell 1988: 716).fisheri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897:36, 37, pl. 5, figs 61-65 [ex Stearns, 1894: 157,nomen nudum). Recent. Los Animas Bay, BajaCalifornia, Mexico. Holotype USNM 46204. Juniorsynonym of Tesseracme quadrangularis (Sowerbyin Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1956: 2).† fissura, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 346. Eocene.Grignon, France. Junior synonym: Dentaliumacuminatum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Deshayes 1864:213). Fustiaria fissura (Lamarck, 1818) (fideNewton & Harris 1894: 65). Remarks: a validspecies of Pseudantalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175;Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). For Dentalium fissuraauct. non Lamarck, 1818 reported from theUpper Oligocene, Janssen (1978a) introducedDentalium (Antalis) pseudofissura.fistula, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225, fig. 62.Recent. Cochin, southwest India (label of BMNHtype). Syntype (possible holotype) BMNH1907.12.30.317. Episiphon fistula (Sowerby, 1860)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 118). Indian Ocean:India. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 20.II.2002)suggested that this species is not referable toEpisiphon, but its generic position is uncertain.flavum, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Henderson,1920: 51, 52, pl. 7, fig. 1. Recent. Off Key West,Eolis stn 333, 110 fms [201 m]. Holotype USNM314391; paratypes ANSP 132113 (2), USNM314400 (Eolis stn 325, 95 fms [173 m], off SandKey, Florida), AMNH 148298 (1, stn 325),USNM 314391a-314405, USNM 323016.Subspecies of Antalis cerata (Henderson, 1920).Western Atlantic: Florida Key region. 173-201 m.flavum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 212, 213, figs 19,28c, e. Recent. South Pacific, Coral Sea, BancNova, RV Coriolis, MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW301, 22°07’S, 159°25’E, 478-610 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (10; 1 from stn 301;1 from stn DW 306; 1 from stn LAGON 444;2 from stn DW 72; 1 from stn DW 38; 1 from stnDW 01; 1 from stn DW 05; 1 from stn DW 478;1 from stn DW 479), AMS C201722 (1; stnDW 479); NMNZ M268960 (1; stn DW 479).Junior homonym of Dentalium flavum Henderson,1920. Replacement name: Dentalium scarabinoin. nom.† flechensis, Antalis Brunet, 1995: 53, 54, pl. 5, fig. 8.Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. BalizaPunta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-081.flindersi, Dentalium (Paradentalium) Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938: 210, pl. 12, fig. 4. Recent. StVincent Gulf, South Australia, 22 fms [40 m].Holotype SAM D 13338. Paradentalium flindersi(Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938). Indo-Pacific: Westand South Australia. 18-276 m.† floratum, Dentalium Zimmermann, 1847: 243 [exPhilippi MS]. Upper Miocene. Schwarzen Thon,Saxony, Germany. Fissidentalium floratum(Zimmermann, 1847) (fide Janssen 1989: 84).florenciae, Bathycadulus Palmer, 1986: 396 [exScarabino MS]. Nomen nudum.florenciae, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 351, figs 156,160h. Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32,stn DS139, 20°47’S, 55°38’E, 1575-1600 m.Holotype MNHN and 3 paratypes (from stnDR 104). Cadulus florenciae Scarabino, 1995.Known from Réunion only.florenciae, Dentalium Moraes Rego, 1936. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† floridanus, Cadulus Dall, 1892: 446, pl. 23, fig. 26.Miocene. Alum Bluff, Appalachicola River, Florida,USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112757(numerous). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 112)cited USNM 112757 as the “holotype” but did notspecify which syntype was to be the holotype, sothis does not constitute a valid lectotype designation.floridense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Henderson,1920: 64, 65, pl. 10, figs 1, 2, 6, 7. Recent. OffSand Key, Florida, Eolis stn 301, 95 fms [173 m].Holotype USNM 314457. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium carduus (Dall, 1889) (fide Scarabino1994: 307; generic placement fide Emerson inTurgeon 1988: 50, and 1998: 54, 200, where helisted Fissidentalium floridense as a distinct species).† fodinense, Laevidentalium (s.l.) Maxwell, 1988: 76,pl. 13, figs f-h. Late Miocene, Stillwater Mudstone.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)591

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.NZGS localities GS3341 and GS11556, Karoro,near Greymouth, Westland, New Zealand.Holotype NZGS TM6613; paratypes NZGS (61).formosum, Dentalium Adams & Reeve, 1850: 71,pl. 5, fig. 1a, b. Recent. Sulu Archipelago, Philippines,outside coral reef near city of Sulu [= Jolo],16-20 fms [29-37 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1951.2.14.1(designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 72); paralectotypesBMNH 1951.2.14.2-3 (2). Synonyms:Fissidentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum harrisoniHabe, 1970, Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosumhirasei Kira, 1959 (fide Scarabino 1995: 267).Pictodentalium formosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850)(fide Habe 1964: 15). Indo-Pacific: Australia toChina Sea and New Caledonia. 5-145 m. Remark:P. festivum (Sowerby, 1914) was considered a juniorsynonym by Habe (1963: 255) and Lamprell &Healy (1998: 72) but not by Scarabino (1995: 269).† fossile, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingSchröter 1784b: 4 t. 3 f. 7]. [Fossil]. Type localitynot specified. Junior synonym: Dentalium catenulatumChenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 201).Remark: the species misidentified as D. fossile byPhilippi (1847: 80) was later described as D. kickxiiNyst, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 207).foweyensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:114, 115, pl. 18, figs 7, 13. Recent. Off TriumphReef, Florida, Eolis stn 350, 90 fms [164 m].Holotype USNM 314721. Polyschides foweyensis(Henderson, 1920) n. comb. Western Atlantic,Caribbean. 10-164 m.fragile, Pharetrium König, 1825. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.fragile, Pulsellum Scarabino, 1995: 320, 321, figs 122,125a. Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32 stnDS151, 20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (14); NM (1).Pulsellum fragile Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean:Réunion. 3240-3300 m.† fragilis, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1856: 69.Cretaceous. Yellowstone River, “150 miles abovemouth”, Montana, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology296 (fide Schuchert et al. 1905: 219),ANSP 79585. Dentalium fragile Meek & Hayden,1856 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 222).francisense, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 207, 208, pl. 26,figs 1, 1a. Recent. Petrel Bay, St Francis Island,South Australia, 15-20 fms [27-37 m]. HolotypeSAM D 13724; paratypes SAM D 16004 (1), AMSC334 (2; Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia, 27-40 m), USNM 251989 (Gulf of St Vincent, SouthAustralia). Paradentalium francisense (Verco,1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 139). Indo-Pacific: South Australia. 27-550 m. Remark:Lamprell & Healy (1998) did not recognize thegenus Paradentalium and, thus, listed francisenseunder Dentalium.franklinae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:93, figs 91F, G, 92C, 93C, 96. Recent. Off Cairns,northern Queensland, Australia, 17°51’S,147°18’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO40030;paratypes QM MO17771 (3), QM MO18003(1; off Cairns, 17°49’S, 148°40’E, northernQueensland, 990 m), QM MO18004 (3; offCairns, northern Queensland, 672 m), AMSC201735 (2; off Cairns, Queensland, 17°36.98’S,146°57.43’E, 672-744 m), AMS C201735 (2, preserved).Fissidentalium franklinae Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 366-1460 m.fraseri, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1955: 98, fig. 1.Recent. Ghana, Atlantide stn 84, 5°37’N, 0°35’E,150-175 m. Holotype + 3 fragments not located inZMUC. Gadila fraseri Nicklès, 1955. Known fromthe type locality only.fredericae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 41.Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. Objective junior synonymof Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858).Remarks: the name was introduced as a replacementname for Dentalium sublaeve Hall in Miller, 1877, ajunior homonym of Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevisCocconi, 1874, which itself is an unnecessaryreplacement name for Dentalium obsoletum Hall,1858. Dentalium obsoletum Schlotheim, 1832 is anomen nudum and Hall’s name, therefore, not ajunior homonym.† fritschi, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 988, 989, pl. 59,fig. 13. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Calbe, Atzendorf,Unseburg and Brandhorst, Germany.† frontierensis, Cadulus Sidwell, 1932: 316, pl. 48,fig. 13. Cretaceous, Colorado Group, FrontierFormation. 3 miles NE of Medicine Bow, ComoRidge, Wyoming, USA. Holotype University ofIowa, Paleontological Museum, No. 8-629.funiculus, Dentalium Brugnone, 1878: 44, pl. 1, fig. 5.Pliocene. Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonym ofDentalium filum Sowerby, 1860 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 204, 253).† furcata, Plagioglypta “?” Waterhouse, 1980: 197,198, figs 4-11. Permian, Productus Creek Group,Mangarewa Formation. NZGS localities GS 6071,6072, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM5686;paratypes NZGS TM5678-TM5685.† fusiforme, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23. [Fossil].Sternberg, Germany.fusiformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:193, 194, pl. 35, fig. 14 [ex Cooper MS]. Recent.San Pedro, California, 4 fms [7 m]. HolotypeUSNM 133809; paratypes USNM 602247,AMNH 148398 (1). Junior synonym of Gadilaaberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Shimek 1989:234).fusticulus, Dentalium Brugnone, 1876: 21, fig. 31.Tertiary. Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonym of Antalisagilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide Monterosato 1880:64).† gabbi, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 236.“Cretaceous” [Eocene]. NE of Martinez; Alizos592ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Creek, near Fort Téjon; and Tuscan Springs,California, USA. Lectotype ANSP 79582 (designatedby Emerson 1957: 988, 989, pl. 26, figs 1-5);paralectotypes ANSP 79583. Replacement namefor Dentalium (Ditrupa “?”) pusillum Gabb, 1864, ajunior homonym of Dentalium pusillum Philippi,1836. Remark: Emerson (1957: 988, 989) determinedthat Gabb’s geological age, “Cretaceous” wasincorrect and that this species is actually from theEocene.† gabbi, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 470, 471,pl. 10, figs 6, 7, 13, pl. 11, figs 1, 2. Oligocene.Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2711(fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). Replacement name forDentalium affine Gabb, 1873, a junior homonym ofDentalium affine Deshayes, 1861, and D. affineBiondi, 1859.† gadula, Cadulus (Gadila) gadus var. Sacco, 1897:118, pl. 10, figs 88, 89 [as a nomen nudum, Gadusgadulus Doderlein, 1864: 98, and Sacco, 1896: 98].Lower Pliocene of Zinola, Italy. Lectotype MIGTBS.106.12.010 (selected by Pavia 1991: 138) (figuredby Ferrero Mortara 1984: 311, pl. 56, fig. 3).Junior synonym: Cadulus (Gadila) razzoreiCaprotti, 1979 (fide Pavia 1991: 137, 138). Gadilagadulus (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 137, 138,pl. 9, figs 12-17).gadulus, Gadus Doderlein, 1864: 98 [16]. Miocene.Monte Gibio, Italy. Nomen nudum. This speciesname was subsequently validated as Cadulus(Gadila) gadus var. gadula Sacco, 1897.gadulus, see gadus.gadus, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 496, pl. 14, fig. 7.Recent (?). English Channel. Possible syntypesBMNH 1950.11.24.1-3. Junior synonym: Dentaliumcoarctatum Lamarck, 1818 (fossil; non D. coarctatumBrocchi, 1814) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:240). Gadila gadus (Montagu, 1803) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 186). Eastern and Western Atlantic:Africa to Caribbean; (doubtful record from the RedSea by Cooke 1885: 275). 18-280 m. Remarks:Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 243) quote Hanley sayingthat Dentalium minutu[m] Linnaeus, 1758 “[...] isnot identifiable but [...] that it may be Cadulusgadus”. Rang (1828: 309-312, pl. 18, figs 3-6; 1829:498, pl. 19, fig. E) transferred this species to Cleodora(Creseis) [Gastropoda], but this may be based uponmisidentified specimens. Dentalium gadulus[Arduini, 1895: 195] is an incorrect subsequentspelling. Sacco (1897: 118) and Pavia (1991: 137,138) determined that Arduini’s material was notconspecific with Montagu’s species, but instead isreferable to Gadila gadulus Sacco, 1897.galatheae, Siphonodentalium Knudsen, 1964: 125,126, figs 1, 2. Recent. Sunda Trench, Galathea stn465, 10°20’S, 109°55’E, 7000-6900 m. HolotypeZMUC. Striopulsellum galatheae (Knudsen, 1964)(fide Scarabino 1995: 324). Known from type localityonly.gallardoi, Dentalium Rovereto, 1921: 30. Tertiary.Argentina. Junior synonym of Dentalium octocostellatumPilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Feruglio 1949b:203, footnote).† gallensteini, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 43, 44,pl. 1, figs 10a, 10b [nomen nudum in Gugenberger1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. North ofLaunsdorf, Austria. Prodentalium gallensteini(Gugenberger, 1934) (fide Stiller 2001: 630).† ganense, Laevidentalium Cossmann in O’Gorman &Cossmann, 1923: 28, pl. 3, figs 5, 6. Eocene. Gan,S of Pau, France.gardineri, Dentalium Melvill, 1909: 120, pl. 5, fig. 9.Recent. Amirantes Island, c. 900 miles East offZanzibar, South of Seychelles, Percy Sladen TrustExp. stn 20, 160-209 fms [292-381 m]. HolotypeBMNH 1910.3.17.12. Antalis gardineri (Melvill,1909) (fide Ludbrook 1954: 93). Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to New Caledonia. 270-705 m.gardneri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 222. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,England, United Kingdom. Replacement name forDentalium acuminatum Gardner, 1878, a junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium acuminatumDeshayes, 1825, and itself a junior homonym ofDentalium gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888); replacementname: Dentalium infortunatum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.† gardneri, Entalina Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 234. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,England, United Kingdom. Replacementname for Siphodentalium affine Gardner, 1878, ajunior homonym of Siphonodentalium affineM. Sars, 1865.† gardneri, Entalis Holzapfel, 1888: 177, pl. 20,fig. 10. Cretaceous. Near Vaals, Netherlands.Fustiaria gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 255; Fustiaria here as a subgenus,hence the homonymy!).garrardi, Dentalium (Lentigodentalium) Lamprell &Healy, 1998: 71, figs 68C, 69D, E, 72. Recent.Lady Musgrave Island, Capricorn-Bunker Group,E of Gladstone, Queensland, Australia. HolotypeAMS C169770; paratypes AMS C174887 (30),MV F67452 (2; Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland).Dentalium garrardi Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia; Queensland.10-37 m.† gaultinus, Cadulus Gardner, 1878: 63, pl. 3, fig. 48.Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, UnitedKingdom.gaussianum, Dentalium majorinum var. Plate, 1908b:5, 6, figs 1-4. Recent. Antarctica, Deutsche SüdpolarExp. stn 56, 66°02’S, 89°38’E, 385 and 350 m.Lectotype ZMB 59730a (designated by Kilias 1995:175); paralectotype ZMB 59730b. Synonym ofDentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune,1889.gayi, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12, fig. 19;1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 19. Tertiary. Matanzas andZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)593

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Carauma, Chile. Junior synonym of Dentaliumsulcosum J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 (fide Ortmann1902: 157, 159).gazellae, Dentalium (Episiphon) Plate, 1908a: 356,pl. 30, figs 40, 41. Recent. Northwest Australia,Gazelle Exp., 9 fms [16 m]. Holotype ZMB 33195.Episiphon(?) gazellae (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino1995: 289). Known from type locality only.† geinitzi, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Koenen, 1892: 989,990, pl. 59, fig. 12. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf,Germany. Fustiaria geinitzi (Koenen, 1892).Remarks: name for Dentalium fissura sensu Koenennon Dentalium fissura Lamarck, 1818. Junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium geinitzi (Böhm,1885). We have no information of Koenen’s namebeing used since 1899 and, therefore, do notrename this homonym until future research provesit a valid species.† geinitzi, Fustiaria Böhm, 1885: 34, 35, pl. 1, fig. 7.Cretaceous. Vaals [Vael], Netherlands. Dentaliumgeinitzi (Böhm, 1885) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:254).† geinitzianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 70.Cretaceous: Turonian. Tournay and Montigniessur-Roc,Belgium. Remark: name for Dentaliummedium sensu Geinitz 1840 non Dentaliummedium J. Sowerby, 1814.† geminatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 4, pl. 166,fig. 13. Oligocene. Bünde, Westphalia, Germany.Syntypes GPIB 1072. Remarks: Janssen (1978a: 14,15) originally considered this name to be a “nomenoblitum” and thus not a senior synonym ofDentalium kickxi Nyst, 1843. Janssen (1978b: 138,139) concluded from the Goldfuss types that it wasa valid species and a senior synonym of D. kickxii.Most recently, Janssen (1987: 174-176) determinedthat Antalis geminatum was found in the LateOligocene and A. kickxii was found in the MiddleOligocene; the two species are not synonyms.gemmiparum, Dentalium Melvill, 1909: 120, pl. 5,fig. 10. Recent. Chagos Archipelago, Diego GarciaLagoon, Indian Ocean. Holotype BMNH 1910.3.17.13. Coccodentalium gemmiparum (Melvill,1909) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). Indo-Pacific:Diego Garcia to Philippines and New Caledonia.240-2250 m.georgiense, Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale Henderson,1920: 43. Recent. Georges Bank [Massachusetts],Albatross stn 2079, 41°13’N, 66°19’50”W, 75 fms[137 m]. Syntypes (of Dentalium occidentalis sulcatumVerrill, 1884) USNM 38398 (1; USBF 2079,75 fms [137 m]), USNM 35093 (4; USBF 2077,1255 fms [2290 m]). Replacement name forDentalium occidentalis sulcatum Verrill, 1884, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium sulcatum Lamarck,1818. Synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson,1851) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48, 49).† germanicum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 5,fig. 15a, b (name and figure only). Type locality notspecified. Remarks: Chenu (1852: 7), in the text,instead used Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 forthe specimen figured as “D. germanicum”. However,Lamarck’s name is a junior homonym of D. striatumBorn, 1778 and a junior synonym ofFissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791). Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 205) suggested that this was “evidentlya European Tertiary species”.† gibba, Cadulus ovulum var. Seguenza, 1879: 276.Pliocene. Reggia, Calabria, Italy. Senior homonymof Cadulus gibbus Jeffreys, 1883.gibbosus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Verco, 1911a: 213,pl. 26, fig. 6. Recent. Off Cape Jaffa, SouthAustralia, 300 fms [548 m]. Holotype SAM D13729. Polyschides gibbosus (Verco, 1911) (fideLamprell & Healy 1998: 168). Indo-Pacific,Australia. 17-2780 m. Remark: the three paratypesmentioned in the original description were notlocated.gibbus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1883: 666, pl. 49, fig. 10.Recent. Type locality not specified. SyntypesBMNH 1885.11.5.1287 (1; Porcupine stn 13,40°16’N, 9°37’W, 217 fms [396 m]), USNM175858 (1; Bay of Biscay, Travailleur). Cadulusgibbus Jeffreys, 1883. Junior homonym of Cadulusovulum var. gibba Seguenza, 1879. Eastern Atlantic:British Islands, Bay of Biscay. 396 m. Remark: theauthors intend to submit a petition to the InternationalCommission of Zoological Nomenclature,pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 23.9.3, to preserveJeffreys’ name.giganteum, Dentalium Phillips, 1829. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.giganteum, Dentalium “?” Zenker, 1836: 232. Tertiary.Flohberge (Mühlthal), near Jena, Germany. Typesnot located. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteumPhillips, 1829. Remark: the lack of type materialand an illustration in combination with theshort description renders this a dubious species forwhich we prefer not to introduce a replacementname.giganteum, Dentalium Chenu, 1842: pl.1, fig. 3; 1850:4. “Fossil” [type locality not specified]. Types notlocated. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteumPhillips, 1829. Replacement name: Dentalium rexPilsbry & Sharp, 1898.giganteum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263,pl. 2, fig. 1. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Types notlocated. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteumPhillips, 1829 and D. giganteum Chenu, 1842.Replacement name: Dentalium subgiganteumd’Orbigny, 1852.gigas, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1870b: 432. Nomen nudum.† girtyi, Plagioglypta Knight, 1940: 315, pl. 6, fig. 2.Late Permian, Whitehorse Group, Rush SpringsFormation, Dozier Sandstone Member. Dolomitebeds at base of Dozier, Localities 7a (CollingsworthCounty) and 8a (6 miles S of Memphis, at summitof Hogback Butte, Hall County), Texas, USA.594ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Holotype YPM 15336; paratype YPM 50071 (fideWhite et al. 1999: 43).† glabellum, Dentalium Blake, 1907: 101, 102, pl. 9,fig. 12 [nomen nudum in Bean 1839: 62]. Jurassic.Cornbrash, Scarborough, England, UnitedKingdom. Holotype BMNH G.16996.† glabratum, Antale Stoliczka, 1868: 445, pl. 27,figs 24, 25. Cretaceous. Ootatoor group. Odium,India.glabrum, Dentalium Montagu, 1803. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.glabrum, Dentalium Geinitz, 1842: 74, pl. 18, fig. 28;1843: 11, pl. 1, fig. 27. Upper Cretaceous. Tisa[Tyssa], Bohemia, Czech Republic. Junior homonymof Dentalium glabrum Montagu, 1803.Replacement name: Dentalium ovosectum Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.glabrum, Dentalium Fuenzalida, 1942: 412, 423, 425.Tertiary. Brunswick Peninsula, Patagonia, Chile.Nomen nudum. Remark: Feruglio (1949b: 160)cited this name, but did not make it available.† gladiolus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1846: 447. Jurassic.Goliowo, Dorogomilow, Mniowniki and Khoroschowo,near Moscow; Mount Worobyew; Jelatmaon the Oka River, near Antonowo-Poustosch,Russia. Junior synonyms: Dentalium subancepsTrautschold, 1861 (fide Eichwald 1868: 799;Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 223). Remarks: Eichwald’soriginal description was cursory; the locality informationherein is from the subsequent re-description(Eichwald 1868: 799, 800). This species wasmisidentified as Dentalium cylindricum by G. Fischer(1843).glans, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 350, 351, figs 155,160g. Recent. New Caledonia, Loyalty Basin, RVCoriolis, BIOGEOCAL, stn KG 227, 21°33’S,166°24’E, 500 m. Holotype MNHN and 7 paratypes(2 from stn KG 219; 5 from Vauban stn 40).Cadulus glans Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: NewCaledonia. 250-570 m.glaucarena, Dentalium (Antalis) Dell, 1953: 48,figs 16, 18, 21. Recent. Chatham Rise, Discovery IIstn 2733, 45°48’S, 178°58’W, 200-300 fms [365-548 m]. Holotype NMNZ M5678; paratypesNMNZ M5679 (5). Antalis glaucarena (Dell,1953) (fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific,New Zealand. 365-602 m.† glaucoterrarum, Dentalium Maury, 1917: 323 [159],pl. 52 [26], fig. 4. Miocene. Rio Gurabo at LosQuemados, Dominican Republic.† gnizum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 173, pl. 17,figs 42, 43. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Remark:“Probably a young Cadulus. Unrecognizable” (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205).gofasi, Laevidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 294, 295,figs 99, 102a. Recent. Philippines, RV Coriolis,MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP 70, 14°01’N, 120°17’E,191 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (8;1 from stn CP 70; 2 from stn CP 68; 1 from stn CP83; 1 from stn CP 97; 3 from stn CP 102), AMSC201728 (1; stn CP 96), USNM 890869 (1; stnCP 20). Laevidentalium gofasi Scarabino, 1995.Indo-Pacific: Philippines to New Caledonia. 195-320 m.goftoni, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 45, 46, figs 37C, 38E, 41. Recent. MiddleBanks, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 31 m.Holotype QM MO38982; paratypes AMSC172168 (2), MV 68195 (2), WAM 283-93 (2),QM MO38996 (2; Redland Bay, south Queensland),QM MO38983 (11; Dunwich, StradbrokeIsland, Moreton Bay, south Queensland), AMSC169791 (21; Shoal Point, Mackay, northQueensland). Dentalium goftoni Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia.2-183 m.† golovtschenki, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970: 111,112, text-fig. 11, pl. 22, figs 6-9. Paleocene.Luzanovka, northern Ukraine. Holotype AkademiiaNauka Ukraine (Kiev), No. 17/50.† gonatodes, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 192, pl. 10,fig. 194; 1887: 192, pl. 10, fig. 194. Pliocene/Quaternary. Samarang and Batavia (Jakarta), Java,Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7280 (1), RGM 7281(2), RGM 7278 (3), RGM 7279 (1) (fide Van denHoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). Dentalium(Laevidentalium) gonatodes Martin, 1885 (fideMartin 1919: 118).gordonis, Cadulus Yokoyama, 1920. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.goreanum, Dentalium Clessin, 1896. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.gouldii, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 424, 425, pl. 26, fig. 4.Recent. 12 miles E from Frying Pan Shoals, SouthCarolina, 12 fms [22 m]. Lectotype USNM 82997(designated by Henderson 1920: 30); paralectotypesUSNM 94085 (USFC stn 2145; now theholotype of Dentalium gouldii colonense Henderson,1920), MCZ 7707 (Blake stn 65). Synonyms:Dentalium sexangulare Hilgard & Hopkins, 1878non Lamarck, 1818 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:21), Dentalium gouldii colonense Henderson, 1920,Dentalium gouldii portoricense Henderson, 1920.Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889. Western Atlantic:South Carolina (USA) and Bermuda to Brazil(doubtful record from the coast of West Africa byThomas 1975: 292; Nicklés 1979: 48). 10-76 m.gracile, Dentalium Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5, fig. 23.Jurassic, Middle Liassic. Camerton, England,United Kingdom. Holotype in Bath Museum(England) (fide Richardson 1906: 576, pl. 45,fig. 19). Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilisHall & Meek, 1855. Remark: a junior synonym ofDentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841 (fideWoodward 1893: 352; Richardson 1906: 575).gracile, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1870a: 74. Recent.Mediterranean, 310 fms [566 m]; Aegean Sea, 100-250 fms [183-456 m]; Vigo, Spain. Syntypes:ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)595

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.USNM 175979 (E of Malta, 310 fms [566 m]),USNM 175977 (Aegean Sea, 100-250 fms [183-456 m]). Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilisHall & Meek, 1855 and Dentalium gracile Moore,1866. Junior synonym of Episiphon filum(Sowerby, 1860) (fide Jeffreys 1883: 661).gracile, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12, fig. 15;1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 15. Tertiary. Navidad,Chile. Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall& Meek, 1855, Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866 andDentalium gracile Jeffreys, 1870. Replacementname: Dentalium navidadense Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 210. Remark: Dentalium philippii Cossmann,1907; an unnecessary replacement name.gracile, Dentalium Grönwall & Harder, 1907: 36,pl. 1, fig. 19. Paleocene. Jutland, Denmark. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek,1854, Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866, Dentaliumgracilis Jeffreys, 1870, Dentalium gracilis Philippi,1887; replacement name: Dentalium subgracileEmerson, 1954.† gracilicostatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium)Singleton, 1943: 275-276, pl. 12, fig. 6, pl. 13,fig. 9. Lower Eocene. Pebble Point Beds, CoastalCliffs, 2.5 miles southeast of Princetown, Victoria,Australia. Holotype NMV P127989 (formerlyMelbourne University Geology Department 1871).Fissidentalium gracilicostatum (Singleton, 1943)(fide Darragh 1997: 92, 93).† gracilina, Cadulus (Gadila) Sacco, 1897: 117, pl. 10,figs 86, 87 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98].Miocene. Turin hills and San Agata, Italy.Lectotype MIGT BS.106.12.009 (selected by Pavia1991: 144); paralectotype BS.106.12.008 (fideFerrero Mortara et al. 1984: 311, pl. 56, fig. 2).Gadila gracilina (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991:144, 145, pl. 8, figs 1-4).gracilis, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 157. Recent. Valorousstn 13, 56°01’N, 34°42’W, 690 fms [NorthAtlantic, 1259 m]. Holotype USNM 175853.Cadulus gracilis Jeffreys, 1877. Eastern Atlantic:Greenland to Portugal. 453-1998 m. Remarks:Jeffreys referred to a single specimen from Valorousstn 13. However, Warén (1980: 52) stated that thetype locality was not specified and listed additionalsyntypes: BMNH 1885.11.5.1300-1301 (Porcupine1870 stns 16-17a [off Portugal]; stn 16: 39°55’N,9°56’W, 994 fms [1723 m]; stn 17: 39°42’N,9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]; stn 17a:39°39’N, 9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]), USNM175854 (Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W, 1785fms [Greenland, 3258 m]), USNM 175855(Porcupine 1870 stn 17, 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]), USNM 175856(Porcupine 1870 stn 19a, Portugal). The lot BMNH1885.11.5.1300 is labeled “figd. syntyp”. Warén (inlitt. 10.II.2000) explained this discrepancy: “Jeffreyslisted material from the Lightning and Porcupineexpeditions for most new molluscs in the ‘New andpeculiar...’ series. He also had specimens of Cadulusgracilis, as listed later in the report on these expeditions.I therefore considered it an omission from hisside, not to mention these”.† gracilis, Dentalium Hall & Meek, 1855: 393, pl. 3,figs 11a-11c. Cretaceous. Sage Creek, “Nebraska”(Montana and Wyoming?), USA. Dentalium gracileHall & Meek, 1855 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197).† gracilis, Episiphon Garvie, 1996: 45, 46, pl. 9, figs 7,8. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, Reklaw Formation,Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff on RidgeCreek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30310; paratypesPRI 30311, PRI 30312.† gracillima, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var.Sacco, 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 16-18 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata,Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.04.010, BS.106.04.011 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308).gradile, Paradentalium Chistikov, 1979a: 109, 111,fig. 1. Recent. Vietnam, Orlik stn 203, 20°44’N,112°13’E, 60 m. Holotype ZIN; paratype MMSU.Paradentalium gradile Chistikov, 1979. Indo-Pacific: Vietnam. 60-106 m.grahamense, Dentalium majorinum var. Odhner, 1931:4. Recent. Antarctica, Graham Land, 65°19’S,56°48’W, 400 m. Syntypes SMNH 4193.Synonym of Dentalium majorinum Mabille &Rochebrune, 1889.grahami, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 23-25, figs 9E, 10E, 16, 17D-F. Recent. OffClarence River, New South Wales, Australia,29°25’S, 153°22’E, 37-55 m. Holotype AMSC174892; paratypes AMS C154599 (1), AMSC173469 (1; 29°39.8’S, 153°26.4’E, south ofYamba, New South Wales, 55 m), AMS C154602(55; off Solitary Island, New South Wales, 29°50-53’S, 153°24-23’E, 54-58 m), AMS C169957(1; Keppel Bay, southern Queensland, 54 m), AMSC169958 (2; Keppel Bay, southern Queensland,54 m). Dentalium grahami Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 28-80 m.† granadanum, Dentalium Anderson, 1929: 144,pl. 13, fig. 3. Miocene. CAS locality 267, LasPerdices Group, 1 mile W of Puerto Colombia,northern Colombia. Holotype CAS 4638.† grandaevum, Dentalium Winchell, 1863: 18.Carboniferous. Burlington, Iowa, USA.† grande, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 365, pl. 17,figs 1-3. Eocene. Grignon, La Chapelle near Senlisand Valmondois, Paris Basin, France. Remarks: avalid species of Fissidentalium (fide Le Renard 1995:175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). This namehas been inappropriately used by Nyst (1836: 103)for a species subsequently described as Dentaliumacutum Hébert, 1849 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:197; Dentalium nystii d’Orbigny, 1852 is a juniorsynonym), and by Abich (1858: 561 [25]) for aspecies tentatively synonymized with Dentaliumtrauscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Koenen 1868: 160).596ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)grandis, Cadulus Verrill, 1884: 219, pl. 44, fig. 20.Recent. 230 miles E of Martha’s Vineyard[Massachusetts], USBF stn 2076, 41°13’N,66°00’50”W, 906 fms [1651 m]. Syntypes USNM34735 (16, USBF stn 2076), USNM 35184 (USBF2084, 1290 fms [2354 m]), USNM 38116 (USBF2103, 1091 fms [1991 m]); MCZ 186804 (2); furtherlocations in original description: USBF 2052,1098 fms [2004 m]; USBF 2111, 938 fms[1712 m]; USBF 2115, 843 fms [1538 m]; andUSBF 2043, 1467 fms [2677 m]). Polyschides grandis(Verrill, 1884) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 154).Western Atlantic. 1538-2677 m.† grandis, Eodentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985: 3-5(Spanish), 3, 4 (English), pl. 1, figs a-f, i-k, p,q. Upper Cretaceous, Sobral Formation. MarambioIsland, James Ross Group Islands, Antarctica.Holotype CIRGEO (Centro de Investigaciones enRecursos Geológicos) PI 247 (now housed inMuseo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, BuenosAires, fide G. Pastorino in litt. 17.I.2001).† granosa, Entalis Martin, 1885: 193, 194, pl. 10,fig. 196; 1887: 193, 194, pl. 10, fig. 196. Miocene.Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntype RGM 7275(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111).Remarks: Van den Hoek Ostende et al. (2002: 111)listed this species in Dentalium, following two publishedchecklists. If this transfer from Antalis (thesenior synonym of Entalis, is accepted, thenDentalium granosum (Martin 1885) is a junior secondaryhomonym of D. granosum Eichwald, 1857,and will need to be renamed. We have not renamedthis taxon, as further study is merited.† granosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584. Silurian[“Grauwackenkalksteine”]. Pulkowa [Poulkova],Russia. Remarks: figured by Eichwald 1860: 1061,pl. 40, fig. 7. Koken (1897: 214) remarked that theshape of the shell of this species was completelydivergent from that of Dentalium (“die Structurdieser Röhren ist ganz abweichend von der einesDentalium”), and questioned whether this specieswas referable to the Scaphopoda.† granvillensis, Dentalium Herrick, 1888: 92.Paleozoic (“Subcarboniferous”). Granville, LickingCounty, Ohio, USA.greenlawi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:123, 124, pl. 18, fig. 11. Recent. Off Fowey Light,Florida, Eolis stn 380, 130 fms [237 m]. HolotypeUSNM 314767. Gadila greenlawi (Henderson,1920). Known from type locality only.† groenlandicum, Dentalium Ravn, 1918: 354, 355,pl. 8, figs 3, 4. Cretaceous. Ata and Niakornat,Nugsuak-Halvö, western Greenland.† groenlandicus, Cadulus Ravn, 1918: 356, pl. 8,fig. 8. Cretaceous. Alianaitsunguak, Nugsuak-Halvö, western Greenland.† grossheimi, Dentalium Merklin, 1961: 156, 157,text-fig. 1. Middle Eocene. Northern Caucasus,Goryachiy Kluych, near Krasnodar, Russia.gruveli, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Dautzenberg,1910: 109, 110, pl. 3, figs 21-23. Recent. Baie deCansado [Mauretania] (1908); Baie de Cansado[Mauretania], 6-8 m (1909); 5 milles E de la Pointedu Repos [Mauretania], 9-10 m; Baie de Rufisque[Senegal], 18-20 m; W[est] du Cap Rouge [Ghana].Syntypes MNHN (2 lots from Baie de Cansadoand 1 from Cap Rouge). Fustiaria(?) gruveli(Dautzenberg, 1910) (fide Nicklès 1979: 59).Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 6-20 m.† gucuoensis, Dentalium Yao, 1990: 31, 32, pl. 1,figs 1-3, 5-8. Lower Cretaceous, Gucuo II Formation.Gucuo village, Nyalam, southern Xizang[Tibet], China. Holotype (XG886-19) andparatypes, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academyof Geological Sciences, Beijing.† guidottii, Dentalium Sacco, 1897: 95 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Rivalta,Piacenza, Italy. Replacement name for Dentaliumdeshayesii Cocconi, 1874, a junior homonym ofDentalium deshayesii Risso, 1826.guillei, Antalis Scarabino, 1995: 235, figs 43, 45k.Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32, stn DC136, 20°46’S, 55°36’E, 915-922 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (11; 4 from stn 136;7 from stn DC 46), NM (1; stn DC 56). Antalisguillei Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Réunion.150-915 m.† guineense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke,1977: 62, 63, pl. 5, figs 15-18. Paleocene, EwekoroFormation. Nigeria. Holotype UIMG 176;paratypes UIMG 177; USNM Paleobiology174763, 174764, PRI 29764-PRI 29769.† guizhouensis, Plagioglypta Stiller, 2001: 623-626,figs 4, 5.5-5.7. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic.Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province,southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D-1.S2.F35-1; paratype GPIM B6D-1.S2.F35-2.habutae, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 8, pl.1, figs 12, 13, text-figs 3, 4. Recent. Toyama Bay,Japan, 150-350 m. Types in FGK. Junior synonym:Dentalium tessellatum Scarabino, 1995 (V. Scarabino,n. syn.). Entalinopsis habutae (Kuroda &Kikuchi, 1933) (fide Habe 1957: 13). Indo-Pacific:Japan. 93-350 m.† haeringense, Dentalium Dreger, 1892: 12, pl. 1,figs 2a, 2b. Pliocene? Häring, near Kirchbichl,Tirol, Austria. Junior synonym of Coccodentaliumtrautscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Merklin &Goncharova 1967: 118).halius, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 149,pl. 20, fig. 12. Recent. Off English Harbor,Antigua, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM596599; paratypes USNM 314936, AMNH148332 (1). Junior synonym of Cadulus podagrinusHenderson, 1920 (n. syn., by First Reviser actionherein). Known from type locality only.hamatum, Dentalium? Forbes, 1846. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)597

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.“hamatus”, Dentalium – Conrad 1870b. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.hancocki, Dentalium (Tesseracme) Emerson, 1956: 3-6,fig. 1. Recent. One-half mile SE of Hughes Point,Santa Maria Bay, Baja California, Mexico,24°44’31”N, 112°14’59”W, 11 fms [20 m].Holotype LACM 1758; paratypes LACM 2887(2; off Punta Penasco, Sonora, 11 fms [20 m]),LACM 2888 (1; 2.25 miles SE of Cape Pulmo, BajaCalifornia, Mexico, 20 fms [37 m]), LACM 2889(1; Agua Verde Bay, Baja California, Mexico,20 fms [37 m]). Tesseracme hancocki (Emerson,1956). Eastern Pacific: Mexico. 9-36 m.† hanguense, Dentalium Cox, 1931: 203, 204, pl. 21,figs 12, 13. Tertiary. Hangu Shales, Samana Range,India. Holotype Geological Survey India 14703;paratype Geological Survey India 14702.hannai, Dentalium Baker, 1925: 84, 85, pl. 10, figs 4,5. Recent. Baja California Norte; Pacific coast, IslasLos Coronados, c. 1 mi S of South CoronadoIsland, [10-18 fms, 18-33 m]. Holotype CAS066343; paratypes CAS 060763, SDNHM 1788,SDNHM 1789, SDNHM 1811 (fide Hertz 1994:11), UCM 23659 (fide Wu & Brandauer 1982:40). Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata(Turton, 1819) (fide Keen 1971: 886, as Dentalium(Graptacme) semipolitum).† hannonicum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 81.Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium.harrisoni, Fissidentalium (Pictodentalium) formosumHabe, 1970: 95, figs 1, 2. Recent. South China Sea.Holotype NSMT Mo 37303; paratype NSMT Mo37304. Synonym of Pictodentalium formosum(Adams & Reeve, 1850) (fide Scarabino 1995: 267).hatterasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) agassizii var. Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 169, 170, pl. 33,figs 50-54. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras [NorthCarolina], 35°19’30”N, 75°14’12”W, 293 fms[535 m]. Syntypes ANSP 35578. Synonym ofGadila agassizii (Dall, 1881) (n. syn.).† haytensis, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. Miocene.Dominican Republic. Lectotype ANSP 2715(selected by Woodring 1925: 203 as “holotype”);paralectotype ANSP 79219. Laevidentaliumhaytense (Gabb, 1873) (fide Woodring 1925: 202,203).healyi, Dentalium n. nom. Recent. Darnley Island,Torres Straits [northern Australia], 30 fms [55 m].Holotype AMS C170764. Replacement name forDentalium duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877 nonDentalium duodecimcostatum d’Archiac, 1850.Dentalium healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 9-500 m.hedleyi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 23, figs 9D, 10D, 15. Recent. Swain Reefs,Queensland, Australia, dredged off sand bottom.Holotype AMS C171343; paratypes AMSC151517 (15 full specimens, 84 broken pieces, SEof Swain Reefs, Queensland, 22°31.4’S, 152°32.6’E,100 m). Dentalium hedleyi Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 1-100 m.† helveticum, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.”Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 160, 161, pl. 1, figs 1-3. Miocene, Helvetian. Salles (Largileyre), France.† helveticum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides “?”)Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 186, pl. 2, figs 11-13.Miocene, Helvetian and Tortonian. Orthez (LeParen), Sallespisse, Salles (Largileyre) andSaubrigues, France.† hemigymnum, Dentalium (Antale) degrangei var.Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 165, pl. 1, figs 25, 26.Miocene, Helvetian. Salies-de-Béarn, La Sime andOrthez (Houssé), France.hemileuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 208, pl. 26,fig. 2. Recent. Off Cape Jaffa, South Australia,300 fms [549 m]. Holotype SAM D 13727;paratypes USNM 251985 [BMNH 1913.4.30.6-9,possible paratypes]. Junior synonym: Dentaliumtignum Colman, 1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy1998: 29). Paradentalium hemileuron (Verco,1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 139). Indo-Pacific: South Australia. 0-1463 m.hendersoni, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1925:207, pl. 28, fig. 4. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 352724. Junior synonymof Gadilopsis dentalina (Guppy, 1867) (fideWoodring 1973: 487). Remark: Woodring (1973:487) concluded that this “should be treated as aform of C. dentalinus. Whether it is a subspecies oran infrasubspecific form is indeterminable”.hepburni, Cadulus Dall, 1897: 12, 13, pl. 1, fig. 13.Recent. Near Victoria, Vancouver Island, BritishColumbia, 60 fms [110 m]. Lectotype USNM107612 (designated by Shimek 1989: 234). Juniorsynonym of Gadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fideShimek 1898: 234). Remark: the lectotype designationby Shimek was probably unnecessary because hestated that the USNM 107612 is “1 specimen, aparatype, the figured type”; furthermore, there is noindication in Dall’s original description that he hadmore than one specimen. If there were no other syntypes,then this specimen is the holotype.† heptagonum, Dentalium Boettger, 1882: 140, pl. 12,figs 5a, 5b. Oligocene. Bawang River, ResidenzDjokjakarta, Java, Indonesia.† herculeum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1863: 8, pl. 4,figs 10-12. Carboniferous. Salt Range, India.Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 231) listed Entalisherculea Waagen, “1887” as a junior synonym, butWaagen (1890: 181) is merely a new generic combinationfor de Koninck’s species. Plagioglypta herculea(de Koninck, 1863) (fide Waterhouse 1980:198).† herritschi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 44, pl. 1,fig. 10 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102;1933b: 184]. Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria.Prodentalium herritschi (Gugenberger, 1934) (fideStiller 2001: 630).598ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)heteroschides, Cadulus (Polyschides) Niino & Habe(MS) in Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 11. Recent. OffPhuket, Malaya Archipelago. 50-80 m. Nomennudum.† hexagonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 581,pl. 45, fig. 1. Jurassic, Sinemurian-Pliensbachian.Gasworks, Gloucester, England, United Kingdom.Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 37) stated that“the features described and figured by Richardson(1906) do not coincide with the diagnosis of anyknown scaphopod genus”.hexagonum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent.Hong Kong [China]. Lectotype USNM 2053(designated by Johnson 1964: 88, as “holotype”);paralectotype MCZ 169184. Junior synonyms:Dentalium sexcostatum Sowerby, 1860; Dentaliumminus Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 218).Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fideKira 1954: 80). Indo-Pacific: China to Australia.16-296 m. Remarks: the synonymization ofDentalium sexcostatum and Dentalium minus withthis species by Scarabino (1995) was not followedby Lamprell & Healy (1998). Both publicationsrejected the synonymization with Dentalium octangulatumDonovan, 1804 by Nomura (1938)hexagonum, Dentalium Van Ingen, 1905: 363, pl. A,fig. b; pl. B., figs 1, 2. Late Cretaceous, Senonian.Near Kerak, Jordan Valley, Syria. Syntype YPM35573 (fide White 1998: 4). Replacement name:Dentalium vaningeni n. nom.hexangulare, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil.Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum.† hexapleuron, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897: 13,pl. 1, fig. 2. Cretaceous, Maestrichtian. Kunraed,Germany.hexaschistus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906:67, 68, pl. 6, fig. 53, text-figs 32, 32a. Recent.Ceram Sea, Siboga stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37.5’E,835 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.090. Siphonodentaliumhexaschistum (Boissevain, 1906) (fideScarabino 1995: 330). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea toNew Caledonia. 528-1740 m. Remark: the designationof ZMA 3.06.178 as the lectotype by Scarabino(1995: 330) is unnecessary, since Boissevain indicatedthat the species was described from a singlespecimen.hige, Pulsellum Habe, 1963: 273, 275, text-figs 47, 48.Recent. Zushi, Kanagawa Pref. Honshu, 350 m.Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Pulsellum higeHabe, 1963. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 5-350 m.Remarks: name for Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum)ozawai sensu Hirase (1931: 140) non Yokoyama,1926. Otuka (1935: 880) and Nomura & Hatai(1940: 74) reported this species from the Recentfauna of Japan.hillae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 59, figs 53C, 54C, 57. Recent. SW of ScottReef, 410 km N of Broome, northern WesternAustralia, 14°39’S, 121°29’E, 500 m. HolotypeAMS C169776. Dentalium hillae Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Known from type locality only.hintoni, Dischides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 167, 168,figs 174B, 175A, 177. Recent. 3 km NW of westside of Gillett Cay, Swain Reef, Queensland,Australia, 80 m. Holotype AMS C174894;paratypes AMS C173611 (28). Dischides hintoniLamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from type localityonly. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggestedthat the status of D. hintoni Lamprell &Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Cadulus aratus Hedley, 1899requires further research.hirasei, Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum subsp.Kira, 1959: 105, pl. 40, fig. 11. Recent. SouthernJapan, 20 fms [37 m]. Nomen nudum in Kira (1954:80) (fide Bieler & Petit 1990: 141). Junior synonymof Pictodentalium formosum (Adams & Reeve,1850) (fide Scarabino 1995: 267).† hoernesi, Gadila Boettger, 1902: 182. Tertiary.Baden, near Vienna, Austria. Holotype SMFXIII.7a (fide Zilch 1934: 278, 279, pl. 22, fig. 25).Cadulus (Gadila) hoernesi (Boettger, 1902) (fideZilch 1934: 278, 279).honoluluensis, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 89, 90 [Watson1886: 17, pl. 2, fig. 10]. Recent. Reefs offHonolulu, Hawaii, 40 fms [72 m]. HolotypeBMNH 1887.2.9.70. Gadila honoluluensis(Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 185).Known from type locality only.horikoshii, Fissidentalium Okutani, 1982: 1-3; figs 1-5. Recent. East of Kinkazan [Japan], Soyo-maru stnR3, 38°21.7’N, 143°25.6’E, 2930-3020 m.Holotype NSMT Mo.59950; paratypes NSMTMo.59951-52. Fissidentalium horikoshii Okutani,1982. Indo-Pacific: Japan to eastern Australia.1615-3500 m.hosoi, Dentalium Habe, 1963: 263, text-figs 4-6.Recent. Off Tosa Bay, Shikoku, “deep bottom”.Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Striodentaliumhosoi (Habe, 1963) (fide Habe 1964: 23). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 200-760 m.houbricki, Laevidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 295, 296,figs 100, 102d. Recent. New Caledonia, secteur dePoindimie, LAGON stn 835, 20°47’S, 165°17’E,135-150 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN(7; 2 from stn 835; 5 from stn 858), AMS C201729(1; stn 858), NMNZ M268955 (1; stn 858),USNM 890861 (1; stn 858). Laevidentaliumhoubricki Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesiato New Caledonia. 135-220 m. Remark: V.Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the statusof L. arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-visL. houbricki Scarabino, 1995 requires furtherresearch.houthalenense, Dentalium Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72.Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum.† houthalenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) benoisti var.Goddeeris, 1977: 155-157, fig. 1. Miocene.Houthalen Sands, Wijshagen, Belgium. HolotypeZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)599

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.KBINW 5596. Gadila benoisti houthalenensis(Goddeeris, 1977) (fide Janssen 1984: 117, 118,pl. 42, figs 18a, 18b). Remark: Goddeeris (1978:70) listed Cadulus benoisti houthalensis andDentalium houthalense MS as separate taxa.howardensis, Clavulites Girty, 1904. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.howchini, Dentalium (Paradentalium) Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938: 224, pl. 12, fig. 6. LowerPliocene. Abattoirs Bore, South Australia, Australia.Holotype SAM. Junior synonym of Dentalium(Dentalium) latesulcatum Tate, 1899 (fideLudbrook 1956: 1, 2).hungarica, Gadila Szöts, 1953 [ex Hantken MS]: 81[Hungarian], 203 [French]. Nomen nudum.Remark: under Cadulus (Gadila) pseudohungaricusn. sp., Szöts refered to “La G. hungarica Hantk. incoll. est assez abondante [...]”.hungerfordi, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897: 84, pl. 6, fig. 83. Recent. Hong Kong.Lectotype BMNH 1881.2.1.1 (designated byScarabino 1995: 258, as “holotype”); paralectotypeBMNH 1881.2.1.2. Replacement name forDentalium compressum Sowerby, 1888, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium compressum Watson, 1879,Dentalium compressum Meyer, 1884, and Dentaliumcompressum d’Orbigny, 1850. Compressidentaliumhungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)(fide Habe 1963: 260). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toJapan. 50-1570 m.† hurupiensis, Cadulus Dell, 1952: 83, 84, fig. 18.Miocene, Tongaporutuan. Hurupi Beds, southernWairarapa, Palliser Bay, New Zealand. HolotypeNMNZ M.5590. Cadulus (s.l.) hurupiensis Dell,1952 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424).huttoni, Dentalium Kirk, 1880: 306. Recent. Threespecimens “from the stomach of a trumpeter (Latrishecateia)”. Type locality not specified [althoughpresumably New Zealand]. Lectotype NMNZM261 (designated by Dell 1957: 570); paralectotypesNMNZ M131453. Junior synonym ofAntalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell 1957: 570).Remark: Dell (1957: 570) stated the type materialwas obtained from a fish “probably caught nearWellington”.huttoni, Dentalium Bather, 1905: 540, figs 4-7.Carboniferous. New Zealand. Junior homonym ofDentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880 (Recent). Replacementname: Dentalium batheri Finlay, 1927.hyalinum, Dentalium Philippi, 1846: 55. Recent.Mazatlan [Mexico]. Junior synonym of Graptacmesemistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 91).hyalinum, Siphodentalium Brugnone, 1876: 21,fig. 32. Plio-Pleistocene. Monte Ficarazzi, Italy.Holotype UPMN (fide R. La Perna in litt.). Juniorsynonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171). Remarks: Brugnone(1878: 44) transferred this species to “Helonix” [sic,Helonyx]. Bellini (1909: 233) listed this as a varietyof Siphonodentalium (Gadila) gadus.hyperhemileuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911b: 217, 218,pl. 26, figs 3, 3a. Recent. King George Sound, WAustralia, 12-35 fms [22-64 m]. Lectotype SAM D13726 (designated by Zeidler & Macphail 1978:383, as “holotype”); paralectotypes SAM D 16000(4) (incorrectly labelled co-types, fide Zeidler &Macphail 1978: 383), USNM 251993 (KingGeorge Sound, Western Australia, 22-26 m).Dentalium hyperhemileuron Verco, 1911. Indo-Pacific: Australia. 22-600 m. Remark: the otherparatypes (or paralectotypes) listed by Verco(200 from King George Sound, Western Australia,12-14 fms; 60 from King George Sound, 22-28 fms; 4 from King George Sound, 35 fms; 6 fromGeographe Bay, Western Australia, 15 fms; 4 fromGeographe Bay, 22 fms; 20 from off Fremantle,Western Australia, 10-12 fms) were not located ornot associated with the catalog numbers listed.† ibergense, Dentalium Römer, 1855: 36, pl. 7, fig. 7.Devonian. Ibergs, near Grund, Harz Mountains,Germany.† ignotum, Dentalium Korobkov, 1955: 210, 211,pl. 3, figs 8-11. Middle Eocene. NorthernCaucasus, Russia.† iheringi, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 48, pl. 5, fig. 1.Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. BalizaPunta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-074.† ihungia, Dentalium Marwick, 1931: 158, pl. 18,figs 344, 345. Miocene, Clifdenian, Ihungia Series.Muddy Creek, Gisborne, New Zealand. HolotypeNZGS TM4803; paratypes NZGS TM4804 (1),NZGS G 1237 (2) (fide Keyes 1972: 95).Dentalium ihungia Marwick, 1931 (fide Beu &Maxwell 1990: 424).† illinoiensis, Dentalium Worthen, 1883: 325. Carboniferous.Chester Limestone, Chester, Illinois, USA.Holotype Illinois State Collection No. 2488.imparcostata, Dentalium (Entalis “?”) Nechaev, 1897:124, pl. 10, figs 3, 4. Eocene. Near Saratov, Russia.Junior synonym of Dentalium rugiferum Koenen,1885 (fide Makarenko 1970: 113).imperforatum, Dentalium G. Adams, 1798. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.inaequale, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 84, 85. Miocene.Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium sexangulumGmelin, 1791 (fide Bernasconi 1996: 26). Juniorsynonym: Dentalum orsum Bonelli in Sismonda,1847 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205).inaequale, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 67, 68, pl. 2,figs 41, 42. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831.Junior synonym of Plagioglypta ingens (de Koninck,1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 231).† inaequicostata, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 117,pl. 11, figs 48, 48a. Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy.600ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)inaequicostatum, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1891:53 (1895: 370). Recent. Roussillon, France,Mediterrannean. Syntypes (of Dentalium alternans)MNHN. Replacement name for Dentalium alternansBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882, ajunior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu,1843. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium dollfusiCossmann, 1899, which is a junior homonym ofDentalium dollfusi Koenen, 1883. Junior homonymof Dentalium inaequicostatum Seguenza, 1879.Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) (genericplacement fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 52).Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 5-120 m.Remarks: although there is no valid junior synonymavailable, we prefer not to introduce yet anotherreplacement name for this species in order to limitthe nomenclatural damage suffered by this taxon.Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) is incurrent use for this Mediterranean species, whereasSeguenza’s name is not. Moreover, it remains to bedetermined whether Antalis inaequicostata isconspecific with the allied Atlantic Antalis novemcostata(Lamarck, 1818). Should this be the case,Lamarck’s junior synonym becomes an availablename for inaequicostata. Even if these species turnout to be distinct, the name inaequicostataDautzenberg can be preserved pursuant to ICZN(1999) article 23.9.1, which allows for homonymsthat have been widely used in the literature to bepreserved if the senior name has not been used since1899. Antale ininaequicostata [Ferrera Mortara etal., 1984: 305] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.inaequisculpta, Entalina Ludbrook, 1954: 111, 112,fig. 16. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp.stn 185, 13°48’06”N, 49°16’48”E-13°48’36”N,49°16’24”E, 2000 m. Holotype BMNH1952.3.25.5; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.6-BMNH 1952.3.25.19. Entalina inaequisculptaLudbrook, 1954. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Celebes.835-2198 m.incertula, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Sacco, 1897: 113,pl. 10, fig. 34 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98].Miocene. Montegibio, Niciola and Fossetta, Italy.Replacement name for Dentalium intermediumCoppi, 1876, a junior homonym of Dentalium intermediumHupé, 1854. Junior synonym of Gadilinajani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128, 129).† incertum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362, 363,pl. 17, fig. 17. Tertiary? Bordeaux and Maulette,near Houdan, Paris Basin, France. Referable toLaevidentalium (Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard& Pacaud 1995: 85), possibly a junior synonym ofDentalium nitens J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Deshayes1864: 202).† incisissimum, Dentalium Meyer & Aldrich, 1886:40, pl. 2, fig. 1. Eocene and Oligocene. Wautubbee,Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology638724 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 367as “holotype”).† incisum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, figs 8, 9;1850: 4. Pliocene? Italy.incisus, Cadulus Bush, 1885: 471, pl. 45, fig. 20.Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, Albatross stn 2272, 15fms [27 m]. Lectotype USNM 44860 (designatedby Johnson 1989: 43); paralectotypes YPM 15865(2). Junior synonym of Polyschides tetraschistus(Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1980: 12). Remark:Johnson (1989: 43) stated that there were “twoparatypes” but Bush only referred to two specimenstotal, so the second specimen in YPM 15865 musthave been added at a later date.incolor, Dentalium (Dentalium) aprinum Boissevain,1906: 10, pl. 4, figs 3-6. Recent. Indonesia,Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Island, Siboga stn133, up to 36 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.005 (designatedby Scarabino 1995: 198); paralectotypesZMA 3.06.006 (3 in original description; 4 fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt.23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.007 (1; anchorage nearSeget, west-entrance Selee (Galewo) strait, Sibogastn 163, 29 m). Junior synonym of Dentaliumaprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Scarabino 1995:198).incrassatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.incurvum, Dentalium Renier, 1804. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.indianorum, Dentalium pretiosum var. Carpenter,1864: 612, 648. Recent. Monterey (to) CatalinaIsland, California [USA], 20 fms [37 m]. SyntypesUSNM 14790 (1), USNM 601274 (4), MCZ29203 (7). Junior synonym: Antalis denseliratumPilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [ex Carpenter MS].Synonym of Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45). Remark: Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 250) published Carpenter’s manuscriptname, Antalis denseliratum, in synonymy withA. indianorum.indianum, Dentalium Girty, 1915: 135. Carboniferous,Pennsylvanian. Locality 2006, WewokaFormation, Wewoka quadrangle, Oklahoma, USA.Syntype USNM Paleobiology 121077 (labelled as“lectotype”). Junior synonym of Prodentalium semicostatum(Girty, 1911) (fide Yancey 1978: 308, byFirst Reviser action). Remark: syntype illustrated byGirty (1915: 146, pl. 25, figs 12, 12a).indica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1318, 1319,pl. 1, figs 12-14, pl. 4, figs 4-7. Recent. IndianOcean, Vitjaz stn 4922 D, 6°54.2’N, 83°00.7’E,3980 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (2 fromstn 4922; 1 from stn 4721, 16°48.3’N, 62°20.3’E,3860 m; 2 from stn 4925, 11°42.5’N, 82°49.3’E,3428 m; 1 from stn 4934, 16°57’N, 86°59.2’E,2596 m; 1 from stn 5292, 5°07.3’N, 91°43.5’E,3860 m; 1 from stn 5304, 8°08.2’N, 95°21.7’E,2480 m; 1 from Akademik Kurtschatov stn 25-8,4°32.2’S, 63°18.3’E, 4440 m). Costentalina indicaZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)601

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Chistikov, 1982. Indian Ocean: Red Sea toMadagascar and India. 2480-5285 m.indica, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1995: 325, 326,figs 126, 129a. Recent. NE of MozambiqueChannel (Madagascar), RV Suroit, BENTHEDIstn CH87, 11°44’S, 47°35’E, 3716 m. HolotypeMNHN. Wemersoniella indica Scarabino, 1995.Known from the type locality only.indicum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 11; 1850:4. Recent. Indian Ocean. Type material not located.Junior synonym of Laevidentalium eburneum(Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116).indicum, Dentalium (Antalis) entalis var. Boissevain,1906: 44, pl. 6, fig. 15. Recent. Indonesia, Sibogastn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E, 411 m. HolotypeZMA 3.06.051. Junior homonym of Dentaliumindicum Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Antalisboissevainae Palmer, 1974; a junior synonym ofAntalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fide Habe 1961:105). ). Remark: Scarabino (1995: 231) unnecessarilydesignated the single specimen as lectotype.indistinctum, Dentalium Fleming, 1825. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.inexpectatus, Bathoxiphus Scarabino, 1995: 315, 316,figs 117, 121c. Recent. New Caledonia, N NorfolkRidge, RV Jean Charcot, BIOCAL, stn DW46,22°53’S, 167°17’E, 570-610 m. Holotype MNHN;paratypes MNHN (1 from LAGON stn 830;10 from stn DW44), AMS C201732, NMNZM268952, USNM 890866. Bathoxiphus inexpectatusScarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia.410-570 m.† infans, Cadulus (Gadila) Tate, 1899: 266, 267,pl. 8, fig. 11. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria,Australia. Holotype SAM T 1614. Cadulus (Gadila)infans Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 148, pl. 1,fig. 6).infimus, Compressidens Scarabino, 1995: 368, 369,figs 173, 174d. Recent. Réunion, MD32stn DS109, 20°52’S, 55°06’E, 1050-1240 m.Holotype and 8 paratypes MNHN. Compressidensinfimus Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean. 1050-1240 m.inflata, Cadulus olivii var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7,figs 13-15. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835).inflata, Cadulus propinquus var. Locard, 1898: 139.Recent. Bay of Biscay, Travailleur 1880 stn 2,1019 m; North of Spain, Travailleur 1880 stn 9,1190 m. Type material not located. Synonym ofCadulus propinquus G. O. Sars, 1878.inflexum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 224, pl. 5,fig. 11. Recent. Tugela River Mouth (Natal), bearingnorth west by west, distant 3.5 miles, 14 fms[26 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1903.7.27.60, NMW.Antalis inflexa (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Scarabino1995: 236). Eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean: SouthAfrica. 25-44 m. Remarks: Sowerby gave the measurementsof the single specimen in BMNH labelled“holotype”, but the original description did notspecify a holotype. Barnard (1963b: 351) listed“cotypes” in SAFM A5470, which were not mentionedby Giles & Gosliner (1983).† infortunatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:255. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England,United Kingdom. Replacement name forDentalium gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898, a junior homonym of Dentalium gardneri(Holzapfel, 1888).infractum, Dentalium Odhner, 1931: 1-3, pl. 1, figs 1-3, 8, 10, 12, pl. 2, 15-17, 22, 23. Recent. Coast ofUruguay, Swedish Antarctic Exp., stn 1, 33°00’S,51°10’W, 80 m. Syntypes SMNH 1554 (fideSandberg & Warén 1993: 125). Junior synonym:Dentalium (Antalis) elegantulum Penna-Neme,1974 (fide Scarabino 1975: 184). Antalis infracta(Odhner, 1931) (fide Penna-Neme 1974: 110;Scarabino 1975: 184). Western Atlantic: Brazil toArgentina. 20-190 m.† infraeocaenicanum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1907a:204, 205, pl. 9. Paleocene, Thanetian. Noailles,near Paris, France. Remark: a valid species ofCompressidens (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; LeRenard & Pacaud 1995: 86).† infraoligocaenicum, Compressidens Welle, 1997: 95,96, pl. 13, figs 17-19. Lower Oligocene, Ratheim-Schichten. Schacht 8, Bergwerksgesellschaft SophiaJacoba, near Erkelenz (north of Aachen), Germany.Holotype GPIM D.8-9-1.199; paratypes GPIM (5).infundibulum, Dentalium entalis var. Jeffreys, 1869:197. Recent. Loch Fyne [Scotland]. Type materialnot located. Synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus,1758).† infundibulum, Pulsellum Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917:181, pl. 1, figs 60-62, pl. 2, fig. 16. Miocene,Helvetian and Burdigalian. Salles (Le Minoy), Saint-Étienne-d’Orthe, and Saint-Paul-lès-Dax, France.† ingens, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 317, pl. 22,figs 2a-2c. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Juniorsynonym: Dentalium inaequale Ryckholt, 1851 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 231). Plagioglypta ingens (deKoninck, 1843) (fide Waterhouse 1990: 198, 199).ingrata, Spadentalina Scarabino, 1995: 310-312,figs 111e-g, 113, 115f. Recent. Loyalty Islands,Pacific, RV Alis MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW444,20°54’S, 167°18’E, 300 m. Holotype MNHN;paratypes MNHN (1 from DW444; 1 fromDW253; 2 from DW282; 1 from DW334; 1 fromDW344; 3 from DW446; 1 from Vauban 34; 3from Vauban 40), AMS C201731 (1; DW282),NMNZ M268951 (1; Vauban 40), USNM 890863(1; DW280). Spadentalina ingrata Scarabino,1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia.182-440 m.ininaequicostata, see inaequicostatum.innumerabile, Dentalium (Episiphon) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 119, pl. 18, figs 6-8. Recent. Type locality602ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)not specified. Localities of syntypes: ANSP 35564(Panama Bay, USFC stn 2799, 8°44’N, 79°09’W,29.5 fms [54 m]), USNM 96983 (Panama Bay,Albatross stn 2803, 8°27’N, 79°35’W, 26 fms[47 m]), USNM 97024 (Off Lower California nearCerros Island, Albatross stn 2838, 28°12’N,115°09’W, 44 fms [80 m]), USNM 107697 andUSNM 203131 (Panama Bay, Albatross stn 2799,8°44’N, 79°09’W, 54 m), USNM 122770 (PanamaBay, Albatross stn 2803, 8°27’N, 79°35’W, 26 fms[47 m]), USNM 122804 (Panama Bay, Albatrossstn 2805, 7°56’N, 79°41’30W, 51 fms [93 m]),USNM 122811 (off Lower California near SantaMargarita Island, Albatross stn 2831, 24°32’N,111°59’W, 12 fms [22 m]), USNM 203132 (OffGuaymas, Albatross stn 3037, 27°45’N, 110°45’W,20 fms [37 m]), SBMNH 35012 (Panama Bay,USFC stn 2799, 8°44’N, 79°09’W, 54 m). Juniorsynonym: Dentalium (Rhabdus) cedrosense Hertlein& Strong, 1951 (fide Keen 1971: 888). Episiphoninnumerabile (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). EasternPacific: California to Panama. 22-93 m.† inopinatum, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1887: 52,104, pl. 4, fig. 7. Eocene, Bartonian, Auversian.Schimberg, near Thun, Switzerland.inornatum, Dentalium McCoy in Griffith, 1844. Nota scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.inornatum, Dentalium Wade, 1926: 100, 101, pl. 33,figs 2, 3. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation.Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairyCounty, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNMPaleobiology 32821. Junior homonym ofDentalium inornatum McCoy in Griffith, 1844.Replacement name: Dentalium demersum Pilsbry,1927. Junior synonym of Dentalium leveStephenson, 1923 (fide Stephenson 1941: 253, 254).insolitum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 168, 169,pl. 4, fig. 17, 17a. Recent. Bay of Bengal [India], 597fms [1090 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1894.9.11.9 (designatedby Ludbrook 1954: 109); paralectotypesBMNH 1952.3.25.83-93 (not located), ZSI 5412.Junior synonym: Dentalium stapes Boissevain, 1906(fide Habe 1964: 32). Gadilina insolita (E. A.Smith, 1894) (fide Plate 1908a: 353). Indo-Pacific:Red Sea to New Caledonia and Japan. 625-1328 m.† insuranum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183, 184.Oligocene, Priabonian. Locality 813, Saädang,Celebes, Indonesia. Replacement name for Dentaliummartini Dollfus, 1915 non Whitfield, 1882.† interbinarium, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.”Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 161, pl. 1, figs 4-7.Miocene. Saubrigues, France.intercalatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent.China Seas. Lectotype USNM 24183 (designatedby Johnson 1964: 93, as “holotype”); paralectotypeMCZ 169197 [ex NYSM 148). Junior synonym:Dentalium bednalli Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 (fideVerco 1904; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 59).Paradentalium intercalatum (Gould, 1859) (fideHabe & Kosuge 1964: 1). Indo-Pacific: China toAustralia. 0-668 m.intercalatum, Dentalium Wade, 1926: 100, pl. 33,figs 18, 19. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation.Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairyCounty, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNMPaleobiology 32829. Junior homonym ofDentalium intercalatum Gould, 1859. Replacementname: Dentalium wadei Pilsbry, 1927.intercosicillata, see intercosticillata.intercostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 14, pl. 6,fig. 4, text-fig. 11. Recent. Indonesia, Ceram Sea,Siboga stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37’E, 835 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.010 (designated by Scarabino1995: 306 as “holotype”); paralectotypes ZMA3.06.011 (2; stn 314, 694 m; lost, fide R. Moolenbeek& A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000).Junior synonyms: Dentalium siberutense Plate,1908a (fide Scarabino 1995: 305); Dentalium nivosumKuroda & Kikuchi, 1933 (fide Habe 1964: 40);Dentalium tugaruense Nomura & Hatai, 1940 (fideHabe 1964: 40). Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain,1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). Indo-Pacific:Indonesia to Japan. 50-1500 m. Remark: Lamprell& Healy (1998: 48) considered Dentalium intercostatumto be a junior synonym of Dentalium thetidisHedley, 1903 (currently in the genusStriodentalium), thus rejecting Habe’s assignment ofthis species to Entalinopsis.† intercosticillata, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco,1897: 97, pl. 7, figs 87, 88 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities).Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.036, BS.106.01.037(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302). Dentaliummichelotti var. intercosicillata [Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 209] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.intermedia, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 105.Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic].Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium caudani,a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum(Jeffreys, 1877).† intermedium, Dentalium Hupé, 1854: 276, pl. 2,fig. 9. Tertiary. Topocalma, Colchagua Province,Chile.intermedium, Dentalium R. Hörnes, 1875: 364, 365[32, 33], pl. 10, figs 16, 17. Miocene. Ottnang,northern Austria. Syntypes GBA 1875/01/0043 (3).Junior homonym of Dentalium intermedium Hupé,1854; junior synonym of Antalis bouei (Deshayes,1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 200).intermedium, Dentalium Coppi, 1876: 203. Miocene.Montegibio, Niciola and Fossetta, Italy. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium intermedium Hupé, 1854;replacement name: Dentalium (Fustiaria) incertulaSacco, 1897, a junior synonym of Gadilina jani(Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128, 129).† interruptum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citingSchröter 1784a: 530 n. 10]. Miocene. Piedmont,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)603

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Italy. Antalis interrupta (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Pavia1991: 115-120, pl. 2, figs 1-4, table 1; text-figs 2-5).interstriatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl. 223,fig. 7. Recent. Island of Bohol, Philippines.Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.2.42-44 (3) (incorrectlylabelled “holotype” and “paratypes”). Junior synonymof Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fideHabe 1964: 6, 7).† intertrinarium, Dentalium sexangulum var.Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 162, pl. 1, figs 8-11.Miocene, Helvetian. Salies-de-Béarn, France.intesi, Dentalium (Antalis) Nicklès, 1979: 49, 50, textfig.7, pl. 1, fig I. Recent. Gonzagueville, IvoryCoast, ORSTOM 1966-67 stn 17, 35 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes (1 from ORSTOM 1966-67stn 18, Vridi, 20 m; 1 from ORSTOM 1966-67stn 19, Jacqueville, 30 m) not located in MNHN,not in SAFM (fide Giles & Gosliner 1983). Antalisintesi (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa,Ivory Coast, Ghana. 20-35 m.intestiniforme, Dentalium Hanley, 1860. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† intumescens, Gadus Koenen, 1885: 72, 73, pl. 3,fig. 16. Paleocene. Denmark. Remark: a validspecies of Cadulus (fide Makarenko 1970: 115).invalidum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Recent.Jamaica. Holotype (of regulare Henderson) USNM107887. Replacement name for Dentalium(Dentalium) laqueatum regulare Henderson, 1920non Ahlburg, 1906, non E. A. Smith, 1903.Dentalium invalidum Emerson, 1954. WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 78-255 m.inversum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 370, 371 [50,51 in reprint], pl. 16, fig. 21. Recent. Type localitynot specified. Syntypes MNHN. Graptacme inversa(Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 95).Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Senegal (Nicklés 1979:55), ? Gulf of California (Keen 1958: 238, 239;“accidently omitted” in Keen 1971: 886, fide Keen& Coan 1975: 48). No data on bathymetric distributionavailable.inversum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann, 1915: 7[ex Rutot MS]. Paleocene, Montian. Puits Coppée,Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium inversumDeshayes, 1825. Tentative junior synonym ofFustiaria montense (Briart & Cornet, 1887)(n. syn.). Remark: Cossmann (1915: 7) indicatesthat the only difference between the single specimenof inversum and montense is the position of theslit. We, therefore, prefer to place inversumCossmann in synonymy with Fustiaria montenseinstead of introducing a replacement name.iota, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 134, 135, pl.19, fig. 2. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico,USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype USNM161581. Gadila iota (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 46-146 m.† iowaensis, Coleolus “?” James, 1890: 354, 355.Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian. Near Graf,Dubuque County, Iowa, USA. Lectotype USNMPaleobiology 34628 (designated by Bretsky &Bermingham 1970: 911, pl. 131, fig. 2); numerousparalectotypes USNM Paleobiology 34628.Remark: transferred to the Scaphopoda by Bretsky& Bermingham (1970), as a valid species ofPlagioglypta.irregulare, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 275, pl. 16,figs 33, 33a. Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio,Calabria, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentaliumirregularis Hutton, 1873; replacement name:Dentalium subirregulare Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.irregularis, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125; 1826b: 400.Fossil. La Trinité, France. Nomen nudum.† irregularis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. UpperMiocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri and Awamoa,New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4805 (designatedby Suter 1914: 32). Dentalium irregulareHutton, 1873 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424).Remark: Fleming (1955: 1059) and Keyes (1972:95) determined that Suter had erroneously synonymizedD. irregulare with D. mantelli Zittel,1864.isaotakii, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1953: 299. Recent.Tokyo Bay, Honshu, Japan. Holotype NSMT54817; paratypes NSMT 54818, AMNH 148421(6). Siphonodentalium isaotakii Habe, 1953. Indo-Pacific: Japan.ivanovi, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 125. Carboniferous.Near Moscow, Russia. Replacement namefor Dentalium striatum Ivanov, 1926 non Born,1780. Remark: as Ivanov’s taxon was not validlydescribed, there was no need to rename it.ivanovi, Epirhabdoides Steiner, 1999: 153-155, figs 2-6. Recent. Vitjaz stn 24-3578, 38°35’N, 142°53’E,Japan Trench, 1641 m. Holotype MMSU Lb-23 ;paratypes MMSU Lb-24 (2), Lb-25 (4), MNHN(2), BMNH 1996379 (2). Epirhabdoides ivanoviSteiner, 1999. Known from the type locality only.† ixhuatlanensis, Dentalium Alencaster-Ibarra, 1950:223, 224, fig. 2. Miocene. Kilometer 22 on railroadSE of Ixhuatlán, Vera Cruz, Mexico. HolotypeColección Paleontológica, Gerencia de Exploración,Petróleros Mexicanos, PM 2003.† jacksonense, Dentalium (Antalis) mississippiense var.Palmer, 1947: 212, 213, pl. 26, figs 20-22. Eocene,Jackson Formation. Moodys Branch marl andLower Yazoo clay, Mississippi, USA. Holotype PRI4477; paratypes PRI 4478, PRI 4479.† jacksonensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: 65,pl. 3, figs 8-8b. Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA.Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638704. Remark:Pilsbry & Harbison (1933: 117) suggested thatCadulus newtonensis Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 was ajunior synonym of this species; however, Palmer &Brann (1965: 362) listed both taxa as valid.jaeckeli, Siphonodentalium Scarabino, 1995: 332,figs 134, 135a. Recent. West Indian Ocean, Madagascar,West Banc du Leven, BENTHEDI stn604ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)DS03, 12°35.5’S, 47°38.2’E, 1150-1100 m.Holotype and 1 paratype MNHN. Siphonodentaliumjaeckeli Scarabino, 1995. Known fromthe type locality only.† jaegeri, Suevidontis Engeser, Riedel & Bandel, 1993:94, 95, pl. 3, figs 4-10. Late Middle Jurassic,Middle Callovian. Plettenberg, near Dotternhausen,c. 40 km south of Stuttgart, Germany.Holotype GPIMH 2834; paratypes GPIMH 2835-2839.jaffaensis, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938: 221, 222, pl. 12, fig. 5. Recent.Off Cape Jaffa, South Australia, 90 fms [165 m].Holotype SAM D 13337. Laevidentalium jaffaensis(Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) (fide Lamprell &Healy 1998: 113). Indian and Southern Oceans:S and SW Australia. 75-300 m.jamaicense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale var.Henderson, 1920: 62, pl. 9 fig. 4. Recent. NearJamaica, USBF stn 2140, 966 fms [1763 m].Holotype USNM 103519. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fideScarabino 1994: 307).jamiesoni, Episiphon Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 131,132, figs 135A, B, 136A, B, 137. Recent. OffCairns, northern Queensland, Australia,17°50.67’S, 147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QMMO45835; paratypes QM MO17730 (6), QMMO17950 (2), AMS C173422 (26; off Cairns,Queensland, 17°09.42-36’S, 146°42.24’-42.00’E,668 m), AMS C169798 (2; NE of Sydney, NewSouth Wales, 33°33’S, 152°05’E, 750 m), AMSC173306 (8; E of Sandy Cape, Queensland,24°43.5-8’S, 153°33.4-33.3’E, 604 m). Episiphonjamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific:northern and eastern Australia. 192-770 m.Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggestedthat the status of E. jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy,1998 vis-à-vis Gadilina insolita (E.A. Smith, 1894)requires further research.† jani, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 657, 658, pl. 50,fig. 37. Miocene. Baden, Wiener Becken, Austria.Lectotype NMW 1846.37.540 (designated by Pavia1991: 129); paralectotypes NMW (11). Junior synonyms:Dentalium intermedium Coppi, 1876,Fustiaria emersoni Caprotti, 1979 (fide Pavia 1991:128). Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia1991: 128-130).japonicum, Dentalium Dunker, 1877: 68. Recent.Japan. Holotype ZMB 101995. Junior synonym ofDentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 (fideHabe 1964: 8).japonicum, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1960: 294.Recent. Tomioka, Amakusa Island, Kyushu, Japan.Holotype NSMT 54819; paratypes NSMT 54820,AMNH 148416 (3). Siphonodentalium japonicumHabe, 1960. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 30-300 m.Remark: this name with “sp.nov.” also appears inHabe & Kikuchi (1960: 30) as nomen nudum.javanum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl. 233,fig. 12. Recent. Malacca [Java], 22 m. LectotypeBMNH 1993006/1 (designated by Lamprell &Healy 1998: 42); paralectotypes BMNH1993006/2-3 (2). Dentalium javanum Sowerby,1860. Indo-Pacific: India to Australia and NewGuinea. 4-150 m.† javense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Tertiary.Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7291(6) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112).Replacement name for Cadulus martini Finlay,1927 non Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882.Finlay’s name is itself a replacement name forDentalium compressum Martin, 1885 non d’Orbigny,1850. Palmer (1974b: 124) claimed thatFinlay’s species was actually referable to Dentalium,so it was a junior secondary homonym ofDentalium martini Whitfield, 1882.jeanae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 46, figs 37D, 38F, 42. Recent. 37 km E ofLady Musgrave Island, Queensland, Australia,23°44’S, 152°49’E, 348-357 m. Holotype AMSC174889; paratype AMS C305472. Dentaliumjeanae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific:Queensland, Australia. 348-357 m.jeffereysi, see jeffreysi Gardner, 1878.† jeffreysi, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 61, 62, pl. 3,figs 26-33. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone,Cambridge and Atherfield, England, UnitedKingdom. Dentalium jeffereysi [Yao 1990: 31, 32] isan incorrect subsequent spelling.jeffreysi, Helonyx Monterosato, 1875: 20. Recent.Mediterranean and North Atlantic, 91-456 m.Type material not located. Junior synonym:Helonyx subfusiformis var. abyssicola Monterosato,1875 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 163, by FirstReviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article24). Cadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 163). Eastern Atlantic:Norway to St Helena; Mediterranean. 90-2200 m.Remark: this species was misidentified as Cadulussubfusiformis M. Sars by Jeffreys (1869: 196).jelli, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998:25, 26, figs 9F, 10F, 18, 19. Recent. Off Cairns,northern Queensland, Australia, 17°50.67’S,147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO45837;paratypes QM MO17766 (9), AMS C171341 (2),MV F69579 (7; 26°10’S, 153°13’E, southernQueensland, Australia). Dentalium jelli Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia.703 m (depth range not given in original description).johnsoni, Dentalium (Episiphon) Emerson, 1952a: 5, 6,pl. 1, fig. 2. Recent. Off Puerto Rico, Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Exp. stn 25, 18°32’15”N,66°22’10”W, 240-300 fms [438-548 m]. HolotypeUSNM 603543; paratypes USNM 429714,AMNH 148289 (2). Junior synonym of Episiphondidymum (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1975:186).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)605

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.† jonkeri, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 188, pl. 10,fig. 187; 1887: 188, pl. 10, fig. 187. Miocene/Pliocene. Tambak Batu, Ngembak and Batavia(Jakarta), Java, Indonesia; Kassi Marinu, Fialarang,Timor. Syntypes RGM 7259 (2), RGM 7258 (1),RGM 7260 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al.2002: 111)† juliana, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907: 224.Tertiary. San Julián, Canada de los Artilleros,Patagonia, Argentina. Dentalium sulcosum julianumIhering, 1907 (fide Ihering 1914: 67). Type materialnot located.† junghuhni, Dentalium Martin, 1880: 87, 88, pl. 12,fig.11. Miocene. Locality R, Tji-Karang, E ofTijieri, Kendeg district, Sukapura Regency, Java,Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7252 (fide Van denHoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). Remark: Dentaliumjunghuhni – Boettger 1882 and Dentaliumjunghuhni – Noetling 1901 were subsequentlydescribed as Dentalium nanggulanense andDentalium noetlingi, respectively, by Martin (1915).jungii, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† juvenis, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 66, pl. 3, fig. 4.Eocene, Jackson stage. Moody’s Branch Marl,Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNMPaleobiology 638814 (designated by Palmer &Brann 1965: 362 as “holotype”). Cadulus (Gadila)juvenis Meyer, 1886 (fide Hodgkinson 1974: 16,17).† kahirahense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1901 [“1900”]:188, 189. Middle Eocene. Ouadi Abou Choucha,near Hélouan, Egypt. Junior synonym: Dentaliumpraecursor Mayer-Eymar, 1904 (fide Oppenheim1906: 214, 215).† kahleri, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 44, 45,pl. 1, fig. 16. Triassic. N of Launsdorf, Austria.Remark: nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a:102; 1933b: 184.kaiyomaruae, Polyschides Okutani, 1975: 77, 78, pl. 3,fig. 5. Recent. North Pacific: Kaiyo-Maru stn 57,29°49’-28°48’N, 147°09’E, 6200 m. HolotypeNSMT Mo.69591 (fide Anonymous 1996: 82, pl.5, fig. 9). Polyschides kaiyomaruae Okutani, 1975.Known from the type locality only.kanakorum, Striodentalium Scarabino, 1995: 241,figs 48, 52c. Recent. New Caledonia, Coral Sea,RV Coriolis CHALCAL 2, stn DW74, 24°40’S,168°38’E, 650 m. Holotype MNHN and paratypes(3; 1 each from DW72, DW73, and DW197).Striodentalium kanakorum Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific, New Caledonia. 527-650 m.† kansasense, Dentalium (Paleodentalium) Gentile,1974: 1213-1215, text-fig. 1a-1e. Carboniferous,Pennsylvanian, Missourian Series. 2.5 miles S ofStanley, Wyandotte Limestone, Johnson County,Kansas, USA. Holotype University of MissouriKansas City MS 1; paratypes University of MissouriKansas City MS 2, MS 3, MS 4.† kapuaensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992: 188, pl. 9,figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS locality GS11200 WaihaoRiver, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury,New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7233; paratypeNZGS (1).† karreri, Dentalium Hörnes, 1875: 365 [33], pl. 10,fig. 18. Miocene. Ottnang, northern Austria.Syntypes GBA 1875/01/0045 (2). Remark: Sacco(1897: 114) and Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 234) listedthis name, without bibliographic reference, as a juniorsynonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814).katchekense, Dentalium Fischer-Piette & Nicklès,1946: 70, 71, pl. 1, fig. 4, text-figs 23-25. Recent.Katchek, Îles Tristao, Guinea. Holotype andparatypes MNHN. Dentalium katchekense Fischer-Piette & Nicklès, 1946. Eastern Atlantic: westernAfrica. 16-150 m.kathwayae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell &Healy, 1998: 38, 39, figs 29D, 30D, 34. Recent.26 km NE of North Reef, Queensland, Australia,23°08.4’S, 152°12.3’E, 115 m. Holotype AMSC169943. Dentalium kathwayae Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only.katowense, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56. Recent.Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Holotype AMSC170758. Paradentalium katowense (Brazier,1877) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). Indo-Pacific:New Guinea, Australia. 0-100 m.kawamurai, Fissidentalium Kuroda & Habe in Habe,1961: 106, pl. 47, fig. 14. As a nomen nudum inHabe (1953: 293). Recent. Ashizurimisaki, KochiPref., Shikoku, Japan, 100-200 m. Types inNSMT. Fissidentalium kawamurai Kuroda &Habe in Habe, 1961. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-400 m.† kentuckyensis, Rhytiodentalium Pojeta & Runnegar,1979: 532-535, pl. 1, figs 11-17, pl. 2, figs 1-13.Upper Middle Ordovician, Shermanian, LexingtonLimestone. USGS locality 4073-CO, along ShryockFerry Road, 1.5 miles SW of Grier Creek Churchnear Milner, Woodford County, Kentucky, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 254392; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 254393 (22), 254394-254400(various USGS localities near Lexington, Kentucky).Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1996: 123) andYochelson & Holland (2004: 98) express doubtsabout the scaphopod nature of this fossil species.kermadecae, Chistikovia Scarabino, 1995: 327, 328,figs 128, 129d, e. Recent. New Zealand, KermadecTrench, Galathea stn 664, 36°34’S, 178°57’W,4510-4570 m. Holotype ZMUC; paratypesZMUC (4), MNHN (1; Galathea stn 665).Chistikovia kermadecae Scarabino, 1995. NewZealand. 2470-4570 m.kessneri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 31, figs 20D, 21D, 26. Recent. NE of RatIsland, Easter Group, Abrolhos, Western Australia;28°42’S, 113°47.3’E, 201 m. Holotype WAM112/93. Dentalium kessneri Lamprell & Healy,1998. Known from the type locality only.606ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)kiaochowwanense, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tchang &Tsi, 1950: 6, 7, pl. 1, figs 1-6. Recent. KiaochowBay [Shantung, China], stn 358, 25 m. HolotypeASP (IOS?) 3542; paratypes ASP 3976 (3; stn 382,16 m), ASP 3293 (6; stn 336, 10 m), ASP 2227 (1;stn 248, 5 m), ASP 3261 (3; stn 331, 10 m), ASP4218 (stn 411, 18 m), ASP 2228 (9; stn 244, 5 m).Synonym: Episiphon kiaochowwanense var. rectum(Tchang & Tsi, 1950). Episiphon kiaochowwanense(Tchang & Tsi, 1950) (fide Steiner 1999: 153, 160,161). Indo-Pacific: China. 5-25 m.† kickxii, Dentalium Nyst, 1843: 454. Tertiary(Oligocene). Belgium. Based on Dentalium acuticostasensu Nyst 1835 non Deshayes, 1825. Antaliskickxii (Nyst, 1843) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 207,pl. 1, fig. 2). Remarks: Janssen (1978a: 14, 15) originallyconsidered Dentalium geminatum to be a seniorsynonym of Dentalium kickxi Nyst, 1843; buthe considered Goldfuss’ name to be a “nomen oblitum”.Janssen (1978b: 138, 139) subsequentlyobtained the Goldfuss type material and concludedthat it was a valid species and a senior synonym ofD. kickxii. Most recently, Janssen (1987: 174-176)determined that Antalis geminatum was found inthe Late Oligocene and A. kickxii was found in theMiddle Oligocene; hence the two species are notsynonyms. Dentalium kicksii sensu Tenison-Woods(1876) and sensu Etheridge (1878) are misidentificationsof Dentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864 (fideTate 1887: 191; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208).kikuchii, Siphonodentalium Kuroda & Habe, 1952:36. Recent. Toyama Bay, Honshu, Japan Sea.Types in NSMT. Compressidens kikuchii (Kuroda& Habe, 1952) (fide Habe 1964: 30). Indo-Pacific:Japan. 100-500 m. Remark: this species wasmisidentified as Dentalium (Compressidens) stearnsiPilsbry & Sharp, 1898 by Kuroda & Kikuchi(1933: 9).† kittli, Dentalium Cossmann, 1900a: 143. Triassic,St Cassian Formation. Tirol, Austria/Italy. Replacementname for Dentalium undulatum var. ellipticaKittl, 1894 non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby,1814.† klipsteini, Dentalium Kittl, 1891: 172 [7], pl. 1,fig. 3. Triassic, St Cassian Formation. Tirol,Austria/Italy. Holotype NHM 1899/7/1.Prodentalium klipsteini (Kittl, 1891) (fide Stiller2001: 630). Remark: introduced for Dentalium“quadrangulatum Klipstein” (a manuscript name).knudseni, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1995: 326, 327,figs 127, 129b, c. Recent. Kermadec Trench,Galathea stn 664, 36°34’S, 178°57’E, 4510-4570 m. Holotype ZMUC; paratypes ZMUC (2;1 each from stn 601 and stn 662), MNHN (1;stn 664), NMNZ M268545 (2; Tangaroastn P934). Wemersoniella knudseni Scarabino,1995. New Zealand. 4105-4630 m.koeningianum, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil.Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum.† komiensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967: 116,pl. 1, fig. 1. Permian. Vem River, Soviet Union[Komi Republic, Russia]. Holotype GeologicalInstitute (St Petersbourg), 8758/3.komooksense, Dentalium Meek, 1876: 364, pl. 3, fig. 6.Cretaceous. Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, BritishColumbia, Canada. Holotype USNM Paleobiology4270. An objective junior synonym of Dentaliumnanaimoense Meek, 1858 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 225, “The description of both of these speciesis from the same specimen”).† korobkovi, Cadulus (Gadila) Merklin, 1961: 157,text-fig. 2. Middle Eocene. Northern Caucasus,Goryachiy Kluych, near Krasnodar, Russia.† korytnicense, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972: 557-559, pl. 2, figs 4-6, text-figs 6, 7. Miocene, LowerTortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km SSW ofKielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Holotypeand paratypes, Baluk collection.† kubraense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124.Cretaceous, Barremian. River Kubre, near VolgaRiver, Russia. Replacement name for Dentaliumbarremicus Sasanova, 1958 non Dentalium barremicumCossmann, 1916.kurogenge, Pulsellum Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 9.Recent. Off Choshi, Chiba Pref., Honshu, Japan,about 350 m. Holotype and paratype NSMT.Pulsellum kurogenge Habe & Kosuge, 1964. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 200-500 m.labeyriei, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 353, figs 158,160j. Recent. Philippines, RV Jean Charcot,ESTASE 2 stn DW1, 14°05’N, 120°01’E, 2200 m.Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (2 fromDW1; 7 from CP2), USNM 890872 (1; CP 2).Cadulus labeyriei Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:Philippines. 2050-2200 m.labiatum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 38. Recent.Torbay [England]. Syntypes USNM 174971 (6).Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa,1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 41).labiatum, Dentalium Brown, 1827: caption to pl. 1,fig. 4. Recent. Eastern Atlantic: Lough Strangford,Ireland. Junior homonym of Dentalium labiatumTurton, 1819. Remarks: it is not clear whetherBrown referred to Turton’s species. Further researchis required to support the suspected synonymy withAntalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778).lacteolum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899:264. Eocene. Muddy Creek and Gelibrand River,Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAMT 253. Junior synonym of Dentalium (Laevidentalium)acriculum (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook1959: 144). Remark: this species was misidentifiedas Dentalium lacteum by Tate (1887: 193).lacteum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362 [42 inreprint], pl. 16, fig. 27. Recent. Indian Ocean,India. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Scarabino1995: 242); paralectotypes MNHN (1); MHNG1155/35 (“Seychelles”; don. M. Desh.). GraptacmeZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)607

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.lactea (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Scarabino 1995: 242).Indo-Pacific: Seychelles to New Caledonia andChina. 32-42 m. Remark: the species from thePliocene of Italy O. G. Costa (1851: 37, pl. 3,fig. 7) misidentified as Dentalium lacteum was laternamed Dentalium costae Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.† ladinum, Dentalium Dall, 1916: 522. Oligocene.USGS station 6774, at Rock Island, Suwanee River,near White Springs, Hamilton County, Florida,USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 166746 (3).laeve, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 256. Recent. Torbay[England]. Syntypes USNM 174969 (6). Juniorsynonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42).laeve, Dentalium Brazier, 1877. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.laeve, Dentalium (Antalis) “n. sp.?” Hilgard &Hopkins, 1878: 48, pl. 3, fig. 6. Quaternary. LakeBorgne, Louisiana, USA. Junior homonym ofDentalium laeve Turton, 1819; junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium laeve (Schlotheim, 1820).Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 207) stated thatthis species was described from “young shells andfragments, probably referable to D. filum Sowerbyof the Recent and Pliocene faunas”.† laevigatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199.Pliocene. Zukowce, Volhynia, Ukraine.laevigatum, Dentalium Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi,1854: 19, 20. Pliocene. Monte Mario, Rome, Italy.Junior homonym of Dentalium laevigatum Eichwald,1830. Junior synonym of Cadulus (Dischides)politus (S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:144). Remark: this name was inadvertently reusedfor a new species by Ponzi (1876: 947, 956, pl. 3,figs 1a, 1b), even though Ponzi was the junior(third) author of the 1854 publication.laevigatum, Dentalium Ponzi, 1876: 947, 956, pl. 3,figs 1a, 1b. Pliocene. Monte Vaticano, Rome, Italy.Junior homonym of Dentalium laevigatumEichwald, 1830. Tentative junior synonym ofAntalis vulgaris vitrea (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Sacco1897: 101; Pavia 1991: 122, 123, pl. 3, fig. 8).Remarks: although Ponzi was the junior (third)author of Dentalium laevigatum Rayneval, Hecke &Ponzi, 1854, he apparently overlooked that descriptionwhen he reused this name for a distinct speciesfrom a nearby locality. Sacco (1897: 101) listed thisas a potential junior synonym of Dentalium (Antale)vitreum Gmelin, 1791 now considered a subspeciesof Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pavia1991). CLEMAM lists it in synonymy withDischides politus (S. Wood, 1842).† laevis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 93, 94. MiddleTriassic. Thangelstadt and Holzendorf (nearWeimar), Germany; near Copenhagen, Denmark.Entalis laevis (Schlotheim, 1820) (fide Diener 1926:230).laevis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 2. Miocene, PareoraFormation. Kanieri; Chatham Islands; Motanau,New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4812 (fideKeyes 1972: 97). Junior homonym of Dentalites laevisSchlotheim 1820; replacement name: Dentaliumpareorensis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Antalis pareorensis(Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Maxwell 1988:76). Remark: Keyes did not indicate the source ofthis lectotype designation.† laguncula, Gadila Darragh, 1997: 94, 95, figs 8i, 8lp.Paleocene, Pebble Point Formation. LocalityPL3001, Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. HolotypeNMV P301881; paratypes NMV P301882,P301883.† lamarcki, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 357, 358, pl. 14,fig. 5. Miocene. Bordeaux and Dax, France. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium lamarckii Chenu, 1843.Replacement name: Dentalium (Entalis) exlamarckiSacco, 1897.lamarckii, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 15;1852: 5. Recent. “Les mers de la Chine” [ChinaSea?]. Possible syntype MHNG 1155/36 (labelled“Zanzibar”, fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996). Juniorsynonym of Antalis longitrorsum (Reeve, 1843)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111).† lamberti, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897: 268, pl. 2,fig. 32. Cretaceous, Turonian. Gizaucourt, Marne;Novy-Chevrières, Ardennes; and Berzieux, Marne,France.† lanceolata, Theca Morris, 1845: 289, 290, pl. 18,fig. 8. Permian. Illawara, New South Wales,Australia. Remark: Waterhouse (1980: 199) suggestedthat this species “is possibly similar” toPlagioglypta.† landinense, Dentalium Vincent, 1876: 158, 159,pl. 9, figs 12a-12c. Lower Eocene. Gelinden andMaret, Belgium.† laneensis, Dentalium (“?” Fissidentalium) Hickman,1969: 74, pl. 9, figs 1-6. Oligocene, EugeneFormation. Near Eugene, Oregon, USA (numerouslocalities). Holotype UO 27332; paratypes UO27333-UO 27339.langfordi, Laevidentalium Habe, 1963: 268, pl. 38,fig. 22. Recent. Itoman, Okinawa Island, RyukyuIslands, Japan, 30-50 fms [55-91 m]. Holotype andparatype in NSMT. Fustiaria langfordi (Habe,1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 280). Indo-Pacific:Indonesia to New Caledonia. 50-380 m.laqueatum, Dentalium Verrill, 1885a: 431, 432,pl. 44, fig. 18. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, NorthCarolina, Albatross stn 2268, 35°10’40”N,75°06’10”W, 68 fms [124 m]. Holotype USNM44671. Dentalium laqueatum Verrill, 1885.Western Atlantic, Caribbean: from Cape Hatteras(USA) to Guyana. 18-900 m.lardum, Dentalium Barnard, 1963a: 445. Recent.South Africa, 33°44’S, 16°30’E, 1500 fms [2738 m].Syntypes SAFM A9768 (3; fide Giles & Gosliner1983: 40), BMNH 1964242. Compressidentaliumlardum (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995:264). Indian Ocean: South Africa. 2519-3212 m.608ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)largicrescens, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899:264, pl. 8, figs 10-10a. Cheltenhamian (UpperMiocene [or Early Pliocene]). Beaumaris, Victoria,Australia, Sandringham Sands, Black RockMember. Lectotype SAM D 18934 (ex Tate Coll.T1611) (designated by Ludbrook 1959: 145); paralectotypesSAM D 18935 (5), SAM D 18936 (1;Pliocene, Muddy Creek). Laevidentalium largicrescens(Tate, 1899) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998:115). Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 284-3058 m.laseroni, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Colman, 1958:143, fig. 7. Recent. Broken Bay, New South Wales,Australia. Holotype AMS C62221; paratypes AMSC62220 (4). Junior synonym of Laevidentaliumlubricatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Lamprell &Healy 1998: 118).laterischismum, Fissidentalium Shikama & Habe,1963: 249, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Off Monbetsu,Hokkaido, Ochotsk Sea. Holotype in GIY.Fissidentalium laterischismum Shikama & Habe,1963. Ochotsk Sea, Japan. 100-200 m.latesuclatum, see latesulcatum.† latesulcatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tate, 1899:262, pl. 8, fig. 9. “Miocene” (Pliocene). GrangeBurn, near Hamilton, Victoria, Australia. Holotypeand 6 paratypes SAM T 1610A. Junior synonym:Dentalium (Paradentalium) howchini Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 142).Dentalium (Dentalium) latesulcatum Tate, 1899 (fideLudbrook 1959: 142, pl. 1, fig. 1). Remarks: theheader to the species description is erroneouslyspelled as “latesuclatum” but the name is correctlyspelled as latesulcatum in the Index and plate caption.Dentalium (Fissidentalium) latesuclatum [Tate,1899: 262] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.† laticornuata, Compressidens Darragh, 1997: 94,fig. 8a-c, f. Paleocene, Pebble Point Formation.Locality PL3003, Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia.Holotype NMV P301880; paratypes NMVP301878, P303879, WAM 94.403a.† laticostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897: 108, pl. 9, fig. 22 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Turin Hills, Italy. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium laticostatum Reuss, 1844.Type material not mentioned by Ferrero Mortara etal. (1984: 307).† laticostatum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844: 201.Cretaceous. Luschitz, Bohemia, Czech Republic.laubieri, Siphonodentalium Bouchet & Warén, 1979:219, 220, figs 8, 35, 36. Recent. Norwegian Sea,NORBI stn CP17, 73°30.7’N, 13°39.6’W,2502 m. Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Siphonodentaliumlaubieri Bouchet & Warén, 1979.Eastern Atlantic: Norway. 2212-2502 m.laugieri, Dentalium Jousseaume, 1894: 103. Recent.Aden, Suez. Syntypes (10) MNHN. Junior synonymof Dentalium reevei Fischer, 1871 (fideScarabino 1995: 204). Remark: Ludbrook (1954:98) argued against the synonymy.leai, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: pl. 1, figs 2,2a. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. LectotypeUSNM Paleobiology 638702 (designated byPalmer & Brann 1965: 366 as “holotype”). Juniorsynonym of Dentalium arciformis Conrad, 1846(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199).lebruni, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune inRochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 99. Recent. SantaCruz [Argentinia]. Type material not located.Laevidentalium(?) lebruni (Mabille & Rochebrunein Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 102). Western Atlantic: Argentina;Eastern Pacific: Chile, Magellan Region. Remarks:due to its inadequate description and that the typematerial could not be found, the generic assignmentof this species remains uncertain, as is the tentativesynonymy by Dell (1964: 124) with Dentaliummajorinum or Rhabdus perceptus.† lebuense, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 106, 107,pl. 12, fig. 18; 1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 18. Tertiary.Lebu and Llancahue, Chile.leloeuffi, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1979: 71, 72,fig. 26. Recent. W of Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast,ORSTOM 1966-1967, 19-20 m. Holotype andparatypes MNHN. Dischides leloeuffi (Nicklès,1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Ivory Coast. 19-20 m.† lentum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1923: 54, 55, pl. 6,figs 18-20. Tertiary. Takinai, near Tanabe Bay, Kii,Japan.† leonense, Dentalium (Dentalium “?”) disparile subsp.Mansfield, 1930: 139, pl. 21, fig. 8. Miocene.USGS station 3422, Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, Leon County, Florida, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 370542.† leoniae, Dentalium Meunier, 1878: 122. Eocene.Jaignes, Seine-et-Marne, France. Dentalium leoninae[Simroth, 1894: 375] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.leoninae, see leoniae.leploskeles, see leptosceles.† leptoceras, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1862: vol. 3, pl. 35,fig. 20 (name and figure only).leptoconcha, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1319,1320, pl. 1, figs 15, 16, pl. 5, figs 1-9. Recent.Eastern Pacific, Akademik Kurtschatow stn 271 T,17°42’S, 78°59.2’W, 3080-2710 m. HolotypeIOM; paratypes (2 from Akademik Kurtschatow stn271; 1 from Dimitry Mendeleev stn 525-3,5°13.6’N, 107°31.7’W, 3830 m; 1 from DimitryMendeleev stn 522-2, 5°10.3’N, 121°29.5’W,4426 m). Costentalina leptoconcha Chistikov,1982. Eastern Pacific: Peru. 2710-4426 m.† leptodoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Olsson,1941: 49, pl. 10, fig. 11. Pliocene, CanoaFormation. Punta Blanca, western Ecuador.Holotype ANSP 13720.leptosceles, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 513 [Watson1886: 7, pl. 1, fig. 6 as leptoskeles]. Recent. South ofZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)609

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Australia, Challenger stn 160, 42°42’S, 134°10’E,2600 fms [4758 m]. Lectotype BMNH1887.2.9.21 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 104);paralectotypes BMNH 1887.2.9.22 (1), BMNH1889.11.11.162 (1). Junior synonym: Dentaliumbanale Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 292).Laevidentalium leptosceles (Watson, 1879) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 110). Indo-Pacific: Africa toAustralia and New Caledonia. 918-5300 m.Remarks: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 112, 114, 115)treated Laevidentalium banale as a separate species.Dentalium leploskeles [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 110]is an incorrect subsequent spelling.leptum, Dentalium Bush in Verrill, 1885b: 586, 587[also in Bush 1885: 470, 471, pl. 45, figs 18, 18a].Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, USBF, stn 2112, 14-15 fms [26-27 m]. Holotype USNM 41562. Juniorsynonym of Graptacme eborea (Conrad, 1846) (fideHenderson 1920: 66).† leroyi, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Hodgkinson, 1974: 23,24, text-fig. 8l, m; pl. 3, fig. 12, pl. 8, figs 1,2. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, CookMountain Formation, Wheelock Member. LittleBrazos Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Brazos County,Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology180460; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180478,PRI 29229, ANSP 31507 (all from Scott’s localityMS-2-N, Little Brazos River).lessoni, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 357 [37 inreprint], pl. 2, fig. 13. Recent. New Guinea. LectotypeMNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 215);paralectotypes MNHN (87). Dentalium lessoniDeshayes, 1825. Indo-Pacific: New Guinea. 904-1141 m. Remark: it remains to be determined howthis deep-water species could have reached Deshayesbefore 1825.letsonae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 4, 5, pl. 1, fig. 13, pl. 5,figs 66-68. Recent. Island of Bohol, Philippines.Holotype ANSP 35446. Dentalium letsonae Sharp& Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Known fromthe type locality only.leucoryx, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 20, 21, pl. 6,fig. 23, text-fig. 15. Recent. Indonesia, Sibogastn 285, 08°39.1’S, 127°04.4’E, 34 m. LectotypeZMA 3.06.016 (designated by Scarabino 1995:206); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.017 (2). Juniorsynonym: Dentalium sinuosum Boissevain 1906(fide Scarabino 1995: 206, by First Reviser action).Dentalium leucoryx Boissevain, 1906. Indo-Pacific:Indonesia to Chinese Sea. 34-157 m.† leve, Dentalium Stephenson, 1923: 351, 352, pl. 88,figs 1-3. Upper Cretaceous. USGS Locality 6815,0.5 miles W of Union Springs, Alabama, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 31837; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 31838 and 31993 (USGSLocality 5348, Snow Hill, Greene County, NorthCarolina). Junior synonym: Dentalium demersumPilsbry, 1927 (fide Stephenson 1941: 253, 254)(replacement name for Dentalium inornatum Wade,1926).levii, Fissidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 252, 253,figs 60, 70c. Recent. New Caledonia, RV Vauban,MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW160, 18°42’S,163°13’E, 668 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypesMNHN (2 from DW160; 1 from DW 341; 1 fromDW358; 1 from DW33; 1 from DW21; 1 fromDW55; 1 from Vauban 1976); AMS C201724(1; DW39); NMNZ M268957 (1; DW396).Fissidentalium levii Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:New Caledonia. 200-1400 m.† liassicum, Dentalium Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5, fig. 24.Jurassic, Middle Liassic. Camerton, England,United Kingdom. Holotype Bath Museum(England) (fide Richardson 1906: 581, 582, pl. 45,fig. 6). Prodentalium “?” liassicum (Moore, 1866)(fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38).† ligeriense, Dentalium Peyrot, 1938: 8, 9, pl. 1,figs 46, 47. Miocene, Helvetian. Mirebeau(Moulin-Pochard), Ligerian Basin, Touraine,France. Type material stated to be in author’s collection.† lighti, Dentalium (Laevidentalium “?”) Vokes, 1939:105, 106, pl. 16, fig. 26. Eocene, Arroyo HondoFormation. UCMP locality 1817, N of Coalinga,Coalinga Quadrangle, California, USA. HolotypeUCMP 15752.ligusticus, Siphonodentalium (Loxoporus) Razzore,1896: 256, pl. 3, figs 3a, 3b. Pliocene. Liguria,Italy. Junior synonym of Gadila ventricosa (Bronn,1828) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240).lima, Fissidentalium Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963:260, pl. 37, fig. 15. As a nomen nudum in Habe(1953: 293). Recent. Okinoshima, KochiPrefecture, Shikoku, Japan, 40 m. Types in NSMT.Junior synonym of Fissidentalium profundorum(E.A. Smith, 1894) (fide Habe 1964: 13).† limatuloides, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935: 126, 127,pl. 8, fig. 6a-c. Jurassic, Dogger. Forth, Bavaria,Germany. Baltodentalium limatuloides (Kuhn,1935) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 50).† limatulum, Dentalium Tate, 1870a: 402, pl. 26,fig. 1. Jurassic, Lower Liassic. Gloucestershire,England, United Kingdom. Holotype GeologicalSociety of London 4441 (fide Richardson 1906:582). Baltodentalium limatulum (Tate, 1870) (fideEngeser & Riedel 1992: 38, 50).† limatum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Stanton,1901: 28, 29, pl. 6, fig. 9. Cretaceous. 10 miles E ofLago Pueyrrydón, Santa Cruz, Patagonia,Argentina.lineare, Dentalium Renier, 1804: xii. Nomen nudum.Remark: Renier’s publication was placed on theOfficial Index of Rejected and Invalid Works inZoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1954, Opinion316), so this name is not available.† lineatum, Dentalium Gueranger, 1853: 33.Cretaceous, Greensand stage. Le Mans, France.610ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)lineatum, Dentalium Moore, 1870: 256. Cretaceous.Wollumbilla, Queensland, Australia. Junior homonymof Dentalium lineatum Gueranger, 1853.Replacement names: Dentalium wollumbillaensisEtheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892, Dentaliummoorei Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.lineolatum, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 274. Recent. Gulfof Suez. Syntypes UMZC I.100,750 (7). Junior synonymof Dentalium reevei Fischer, 1871 (fideScarabino 1995: 204). Remark: Boissevain (1904:25) substituted Cook’s name with Dentalium macandrewi,which became a junior synonym of Dentaliumclavus Cooke, 1885 by a lectotype designation byScarabino (1995: 204); see Singer (2003) for details.linnaeanum, Dentalium Locard, 1887: 145. Juniorsynonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758).Remark: this name was proposed in a footnote as asuggestion to avoid allegedly tautonymous nomenclaturebut is an invalid name (ICZN 1999: articles18 and 23.3.7).† linnei, Dentalium Foresti, 1895: 246. Pliocene.Ponticello in val di Saveno, near Bologna, Italy.liodon, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 107, 108, pl. 21, figs 37-39. Recent.St Martin, West Indies. Holotype ANSP 35554.Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fideScarabino 1975: 185). Western Atlantic,Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 8-366 m.liratum, Dentalium Carpenter, 1857: 188. Recent.Mazatlan [Mexico]. Lectotype BMNH 1857.6.4.879/1 (designated by Keen 1968: 402, text-fig. 23);paralectotypes BMNH 1857.6.4.879/2-3 (2).Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton,1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91).lirulatum, Dentalium Mörch, 1861: 177. Recent. Gulfof Nicoya, west coast of Costa Rica. HolotypeZMUC (fide Keen 1966: 18, fig. 20). Junior synonymof Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91).lobatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 3,fig. 44. Recent. Type locality not designated.Syntypes BMNH 1951.2.14.4-5 (labelled“Spitzbergen”). Junior synonym of Dentalium vitreumM. Sars, 1851, which is a junior homonym ofDentalium vitreum Gmelin, 1791; validated as substitutename by Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 136, 137).Junior synonym: S. exvitreum Sacco, 1897 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 253). Siphonodentaliumlobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide M. Sars 1859: 52;fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 136). Eastern Atlantic:British Islands to Spitzbergen. 38(?)-3100 m.† lobion, Cadulus (Polyschides) Gardner, 1947: 628,pl. 57, fig. 21. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group,Chipola Formation. USGS locality 2213, 1 milebelow Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, CalhounCounty, Florida, USA. Holotype USNMPaleobiology 498411.lochi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 37, figs 29B, 30B, 32. Recent. Arafura Sea,Northern Territory, Australia, 9°17.5’S, 132°20’E,168 m. Holotype AMS C174628; paratypes AMSC84257 (270), WAM 153/93 (2; 18°25’S,118°22’E, 210 km N of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 201 m). Dentalium lochi Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and westernAustralia. 124-201 m.lofolense, see lofotense.lofotense, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 297-300,pl. 6, figs 29-33. Recent. Lofoten Islands, Nidaros[Trondheimfjord], Flekkefjord [Norway], 30-120 fms [55-219 m]. Syntypes SMNH 4624(Norway, Lofoten, 100 fms [183 m]). Pulsellumlofotense (M. Sars, 1865) (fide Fischer 1885: 894).Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Spain, Mediterranean.26-3500 m. Pulsellum lofolense [Cossmann 1888:11], Pulsellum lophotense [Coppi 1881: 86; Sacco1896: 98; 1897: 114] and Pulsellum lophotensis areincorrect subsequent spellings.† lombardicum, Dentalium Kittl, 1899: 4, pl. 1, fig. 1.Triassic? Esino and Canova, on Monte Croce, Italy.Holotype NHM 1889/D/2608. Remarks: as “longobardicum”[sic] (Kittl, 1899: 191); as “esinense” [inerror] (Kittl, 1899: 4).† longifissum, Dentalium Harmer, 1923: 823, pl. 63,figs 40, 41. Pliocene, Coralline Crag. Sutton,Gedgrave, England.longilobatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906:68, 69, pl. 6, figs 55, 56, text-fig. 34. Recent.Indonesia, Siboga stn 133, off Lirung, SalibabuIsland, up to 36 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.094-095(3). Siphonodentalium longilobatum (Boissevain,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 333). Known from thetype locality only.longirostrum, see longitrorsum.† longistriatum, Fissidentalium “?” Yoo, 1988: 248,figs 141-143. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian,Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3,2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New SouthWales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61992; paratypeAMS F.61993 (1).longitrorsum, Dentalium Reeve, 1843: pl. 130, fig. 6[1843: 197]. Recent. Type locality not specified[Zanzibar, Africa, in 1843]. Holotype BMNH1952.3.24.1. Junior synonym: Dentalium lamarckiiChenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111).Antalis longitrorsa (Reeve, 1843) (fide Scarabino1995: 227). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and easternAfrica to China and Australia. 46-155 m. Dentaliumlongirostrum [Paetel 1873: 78] is an incorrect subsequentspelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111).longobardicum, see lombardicum.longum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 120, pl. 18, figs 1-3.Recent. Habitat unknown. Holotype ANSP 71080.Episiphon longum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897). Remark: possible junior synonym ofDentalium attenuatum Sowerby, 1860 non Say,1824 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 120).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)611

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.lophotense, see lofotense.lophotensis, see lofotense.lubricatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 97, pl. 225,fig. 56. Recent. Off Port Jackson Heads, NewSouth Wales [Australia], 45 fms [82 m]. LectotypeBMNH 1957.10.10.2 (designated by Colman1958: 143); paralectotypes BMNH 1957.10.10.3-4(2). Junior synonym: Dentalium laseroni Colman,1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 118; whoinvalidly selected a specimen from the lot BMNH1957.10.10.2-4 as the lectotype of lubricatum).Laevidentalium lubricatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 110). Indo-Pacific: Australia.82-1125 m.luchuanum, Dentalium Dall, 1926: 63. Recent. Nago,Okinawa, Japan, 15 fms [27 m]. Holotype USNM333692. Junior synonym of Dentalium aciculumGould, 1859 (fide Habe 1964: 24).† lucidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 214, pl. 1,figs 18-20. Eocene. Paris Basin (Cuise-la-Motte,Aisy, Mercin, Laversine, Coeuvres, Cuisy-en-Almont, Laon, Héronval, Noailles and Abbecourt),France. Fustiaria lucida (Deshayes, 1861) (fideNewton & Harris 1894: 65). Remarks: a validspecies of Pseudantalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175;Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). This species wasmisidentified as Dentalium incertum Deshayes,1825 by d’Orbigny (1850).ludbrookae, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey,1940: 340, 341, fig. 363. Recent. Northwest of CapeBorda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 62 fms[113 m]. Holotype SAM D 13760. Gadila ludbrookae(Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) (fide Lamprell &Healy 1998: 154). South Australia. 80-155 m.ludbrooki, Dentalium (Gadilina) Caprotti, 1962. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.ludbrooki, Striocadulus Scarabino, 1995: 336, 337,figs 138, 139c. Recent. Aden, John Murray Exp.stn 176, 12°05’N, 50°38’E, 655-732 m. HolotypeBMNH 1952.3.25.342; paratypes BMNH1952.3.25.343, BMNH 1952.3.25.138, 139 (2; stn188, 13°46’N, 47°50’E, 528 m). Striocadulus ludbrookaeScarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean, Red Sea.528-732 m. Remarks: this species was misidentifiedas Cadulus (Polyschides) hexaschistus Boissevain,1906 by Ludbrook (1954: 118). As Nelly HooperLudbrook was a woman, the gender of the name ishere emended to its female form.lunulus, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. Off MorroLight, Havana, Cuba, Blake stn 2, 23°14’N,82°25’W, 805 fms [1469 m]. Holotype MCZ7747. Cadulus lunulus Dall, 1881. WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 128-1469 m.lupinum, Dentalium Röding, 1798: 69. [Citing Martini,1769: pl. 1, fig. 5; Gmelin, 1791: Dentalium striatulum].Junior objective synonym of Dentalium striatulumGmelin, 1791, which is a junior subjectivesynonym (partim) of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus,1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3).† lusanensis, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970: 112, text.fig. 12, pl. 22, figs 11-13. Paleocene. Luzanovka,northern Ukraine. Holotype Akademiia NaukaUkraine (Kiev), No. 18/27.macandrewi, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 25-27, pl. 5,figs 25-34 (ex Cooke, 1885: 274). Recent. Gulf ofSuez, Red Sea. Lectotype (designated by Scarabino1995: 204) not in ZMA (fide R. Moolenbeek &A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000) or in UMZC.Substitute name for Dentalium aratorum, Dentaliumclavus, and Dentalium lineolatum, all Cooke, 1885(fide Boissevain 1906: 25); junior synonym ofDentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 (fide Singer 2003:11, 14).† macilentum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 166, 167,figs 1-23. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. SyntypeANSP 654. Remark: as a nomen nudum in Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 254).macleani, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1978: 122,figs 1-3. Recent. Muertos Bay, Baja California,Mexico, LACM stn 66-22, 24°55’N, 109°46’W,18-55 m. Holotype LACM 1886; paratypes LACM1887 (2); AMNH 213440 (1). Cadulus macleaniEmerson, 1978. Eastern Pacific: Mexico. 18-55 m.Remark: the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymywith Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355).However, the maximum diameter of this species islocated at the middle of the shell, which is typicalfor Cadulus.† maculatellata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 79, 80 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Bussana, Italy.Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.070, BS.106.02.071(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306).magellanicum, Dentalium (Dentalium) majorinumPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 28, pl. 12, figs 95-97.Recent. USFC stn 2777 and 2780, Strait of Magellan,77.5-369 fms [141-673 m]. Syntypes USNM87651, USNM 601272. Synonym of Dentaliummajorinum Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune& Mabille, 1889.magnificum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1896: 371, 372.Recent. Tricomalee, Sri Lanka, 8°40’N, 81°27’E,637-800 fms [1163-1460 m]. Syntypes ZSI M299/1; BMNH 1895.12.13.1 (1), NMW (1).Possible junior synonym: Dentalium noetlingiMartin, 1915 (see Noetling 1901: 250; Martin1915: 180). Fissidentalium magnificum (E. A.Smith, 1896) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 78).Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Philippines and NewCaledonia. 520-2600 m.“magnistriatum”, Dentalium “Desh.” – Anton 1838:25. Apparently an incorrect subsequent spelling forDentalium multistriatum Deshayes, 1825 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208).† magnocostata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco,1897: 94, pl. 7, fig. 62 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Pliocene. Astigiana, Italy. Type materialnot listed by Ferrero Mortara, et al. (1984: 301).612ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)† magnum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 81, 82,pl. 24, fig. 6. Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium.† magnumcostatum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 50, 52,pl. 5, fig. 5. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-078.magnus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906: 68,pl. 6, fig. 54, text-fig. 33. Recent. Celebes Sea,Siboga stn 88, 00°34.6’S, 119°08.5’E, 1301 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.092 (designated by Scarabino1995: 330); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.091 (1),ZMA 3.06.093 (1; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45,07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.107(1; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S,123°23.1’E, 918 m). Siphonodentalium magnum(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 330).Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and NewCaledonia. 300-2350 m. Remarks: Siphonodentaliumsumma (Okutani, 1964) is a possible juniorsynonym of this species (Habe 1964: 51, 52).Habe (1964: 51) referred to Siboga stn 45 (FloresSea, 7°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m) as the type locality,but did not designate a lectotype pursuant toICZN (1999) article 74a.† magnus, Gadus Mayer-Eymar, 1887: 53, pl. 4,fig. 8. Eocene, Bartonian, Auversian. Schimberg,near Thun, Switzerland.majestica, Entalina Kira, 1959: 105, pl. 40, fig. 3.Recent. Tosa Bay, Japan, 30-50 fms [55-91 m].Type material not located. Nomen nudum in Habe(1953: 299) and in Kira (1954: 80) (fide Bieler &Petit 1990: 141). Junior synonym of Entalina mirifica(E. A. Smith, 1895) (fide Scarabino 1995: 300).major, Cadulus (Gadila) panamensis var. Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 192, pl. 36, figs 28-30. Recent. LowerCalifornia, Albatross stn 2830, 66 fms [120 m].Lectotype USNM 96570 (designated by Emerson1971: 79); paralectotype USNM 602249. Synonymof Gadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1971: 78).major, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1896: 170,pl. 6, fig. 1. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Dentalium ergasticum, a junior synonymof Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877).† major, Dentalium Gardner, 1877: 556, pl. 16, fig. 2.Cretaceous. Grey Chalk, Folkestone, Dover,England. Dentalium majus [Gardner 1878] is anincorrect subsequent spelling.major, Dentalium striolatum var. Locard, 1898: 120.Recent. “Talisman, between 2400 and 2638 m”.Type material not located. Junior synonym ofAntalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 43).major, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884:33. Nomen nudum without type locality or description.major, Siphodentalium [sic] lofotense var. Monterosato,1875: 20. Recent. Palermo, 210 m. Nomen nudum.majorinum, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune inRochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 100, pl. 4, fig. 10.Recent. Baie Orange [Chile]. Syntypes MNHN (2).Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune inRochebrune & Mabille, 1889. Antarctica: Ross Sea;Western Atlantic: Magellanic Region. 133-1097 m.majus, see major Gardner, 1877.majus, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263, pl. 2,fig. 3. Tertiary. Hufo Island, Chile. Dentalium sulcosumJ. de C. Sowerby, 1846 (fide Ortmann 1902:157, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN1999: article 24).makiyamai, Dentalium (Episiphon) (subrectum var.?)Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 11, 12, pl. 1, fig. 8.Recent. Toyama Bay, Japan, 60-200 m. Types inFGK. Replacement name for Dentalium (E.) filumMakiyama, 1929 non Sowerby, 1860, which is aninappropriate use of Episiphon virgula (Hedley,1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 287).malayanum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 32, 33,text-fig. 19, pl. 5, figs 4, 5. Recent. Timor Sea,Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.033 (designated by Scarabino1995: 251); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.030(2; anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Island up to 36m, Siboga stn 133), ZMA 3.06.031 (1; north ofKofian Island, Siboga stn 159, 0°59.1’S,129°48.8’E, 411 m), ZMA 3.06.032 (1). Fissidentaliummalayanum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe& Kosuge 1964: 3). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar toIndonesia and New Caledonia. 36-2760 m.maltzani, Dentalium Clessin, 1896: 41, 42, pl. 11,fig. 5 [Dunker in Paetel 1888: 593, as nomennudum]. Recent. Gorée, Senegal, West Africa.Types in SMF. Junior synonym of Fustiariarubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 107). Dentalium malzani [Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 107] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.malzani, see maltzani.† mancorens, Dentalium Olsson, 1930: 71, 72, pl. 12,figs 12, 13. Eocene, Talara Formation. QuebradaBarranca, near Catalinas, Peru. Holotype PRI24296; paratype PRI 24925 (fide Brann & Kent1960: 318-319).mannarense, Dentalium Winckworth, 1927: 167, 168,text-fig. and pl. 14, figs 1, 2. Recent. MannarIsland, Sri Lanka, 3 fms [5 m]. Syntypes BMNH1952.3.21.6-12, NMW. Dentalium mannarenseWinckworth, 1927. Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka,India. 5-6 m.† mantelli, Dentalium Zittel, 1864: 45, pl. 13, fig. 7.Eocene. The Cliffs, near Nelson, New Zealand.Dentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864 (fide Beu &Maxwell 1990: 424). Remarks: Maxwell (1992:186) noted that this species was described from twolocalities, and selected the specimen figured byMantell, from “The Cliffs, Nelson” as the lectotype(the other syntype was from Awatere Valley,Onekakara, New Zealand, and is a paralectotypeZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)613

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.of Dentalium centenniale Marwick, 1942). Flügel(1959: 839) noted that the type material of thisspecies could not be found.† maoria, Fustiaria Maxwell, 1992: 186, pl. 30, figs k-m.Eocene. NZGS locality GS9508, Waihao River,near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, NewZealand. Holotype NZGS TM7228, paratypesNZGS (2).marchadi, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1979: 64, fig. 22.Recent. Senegal. Holotype MNHN. Gadila marchadi(Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: WestAfrica. No bathymetric information available.marchadi, Dentalium (Graptacme) Nicklès, 1979: 55,text-fig. 10, pl. 1, fig. II. Recent. Dakar, Senegal.Holotype MNHN. Graptacme marchadi (Nicklès,1979). Eastern Atlantic: West Africa.† margarita, Cadulus (Polyschides) Palmer, 1947: 217,218, pl. 26, figs 8-11. Eocene, Jackson Formation.Moodys Branch marl, Mississippi, USA. HolotypePRI 4483; paratype PRI 4484.marshae, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:122, 123, figs 121F, 125F, 128. Recent. 78 milesNNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia,19°04.1’-04.7’S, 118°47.8’-47.2’E, 82 m. HolotypeAMS C174622; paratypes AMS C174546 (3),AMS C174542 (4; N of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 19°03.4-6’S, 119°03.3-6’E, 81 m), AMSC308353 (1; 18°03’S, 122°17’E), AMS C173298(1; 94 miles NNE of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 18°48’S, 119°00.8’E, 92-94 m). Laevidentaliummarshae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: western Australia. 81-94 m.martensi, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906 [December]: 34,text-fig. 20, pl. 4, fig. 19, pl. 5, figs 1-3. Recent.Macassar Strait, Siboga stn 88, 00°34.6’N,119°08.5’E, 1301 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.045(designated by Ludbrook 1954: 101; and independentlyby Scarabino 1995: 261); paralectotypes ZMA3.06.046 (4 + fragments), ZMA 3.06.047(1; stn 223, 5°44.7’S, 126°27.3’E, 4391 m). Juniorsynonym of Compressidentalium subcurvatum(E. A. Smith, 1906) [October] (fide Scarabino1995: 261).† marthae, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902:179, pl. 31, fig. 45. Eocene. Hauteville, Cotentin,France.martini, Cadulus Finlay, 1927: 521. Tertiary.Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Replacement name forDentalium compressum Martin, 1885 non d’Orbigny,1850 (Polychaeta) nec Watson, 1879 necMeyer, 1883 nec Sowerby, 1889. Remarks: Palmer(1974b: 124) claimed that Finlay’s species was actuallyreferable to Dentalium, so it was a junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield,1882; replacement name: Dentalium javensePalmer, 1974.martini, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 349, 350, figs 154,160f. Recent. New Caledonia, Bassin des Loyauté,RV Coriolis BIOGEOCAL, stn CP232, 21°34’S,166°27’E, 760-790 m. Holotype MNHN andparatypes (3 from CP232; 1 from CP75; 2 fromDW106). Junior homonym of Cadulus martiniFinlay, 1927. Replacement name Cadulus scarabinoin. nom.martini, Dentalium Whitfield, 1882. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.martini, Dentalium Boussac, 1911b: 256, pl. 16,figs 4, 5, 49-51, 53, 54. Oligocene, Priabonian.Faudon, Allons and Martinets, France. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882.Replacement name: Dentalium boussaci Emerson,1954. Remark: this species was misidentified asDentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814 by Renevier(1890).martini, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Dollfus, 1915: 993,994. Oligocene, Priabonian Formation. Locality813, Saädang, Celebes, Indonesia. Junior homonymof Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882.Replacement name: Dentalium insuranum Emerson,1954.martyi, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 123-125, figs 130A, 131C, D, 132, 134E, F. Recent.Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia,10°58.5’S, 140°21’E, 54 m. Holotype QMMO39004; paratypes QM MO39006 (1; Gulf ofCarpentaria, Queensland, 13°1.5’S, 136°43’E,22 m), QM MO39009 (1; Gulf of Carpentaria,Queensland, 11°4.1’S, 142°52.4E, 21 m), AMSC171342 (6; 98 km W of Cape Wessel, ArafuraSea, Northern Territory, 10°48.4’S, 135°52.0’E,44 m). Laevidentalium martyi Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 15-296 m.marukawai, Dentalium (Antalis) Otuka, 1933: 159,160, fig. 1. Recent. Off Koshikijima on the westcoast of Kyushu, Japan, Soyo-maru stn 425, 200 m.Type material not located. Antalis marukawai(Otuka, 1933) (fide Habe 1963: 264). Indo-Pacific,Japan. 100-400 m. Remark: the type materialdeposited in the “Earthquake Research Institute,Tokyo Imp. Univ.” is now presumed lost, sincethey were not listed by Ichikawa (1983: 463, 464).marwicki, Dentalium Mestayer, 1926: 583, pl. 101,figs 11, 12. Pliocene, Castlecliffian. New Zealand.Holotype NMNZ M1394. Junior synonym ofAntalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell 1957: 570).† masoni, Gadilina Maxwell, 1992: 187, pl. 30, figs g,h. Eocene. NZGS localities GS1986, GS11200,Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, SouthCanterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGSTM7229; numerous paratypes NZGS.† matanzasense, Dentalium Ihering, 1907: 224.Tertiary. Matanzas, Chile. Dentalium matanzasenseIhering, 1907 (fide Ihering 1914: 66). Remark: thisspecies was misidentified as Dentalium sulcosumJ. de C. Sowerby, 1846 by Philippi (1887).matara, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 420. Recent. Off CapeLookout, USFC stn 2611, 34°15’N, 76°11.30’W,31 fms [57 m]. Lectotype USNM 95363 (designat-614ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)ed by Henderson 1920: 67); paralectotypes USNM92823 (2; USFC stn 2608), USNM 94095(1; USFC 2401), USNM 95364 (1; USFCstn 2409), USNM 95365 (7; Samana Bay, DominicanRepublic). Junior synonym of Graptacmeeborea (Conrad, 1846) (fide Scarabino 1974: 185).† mauryae, Dentalium Penna-Neme & da CostaBarros Muniz, 1976: 524, 525, fig. 2. Paleocene,Maria Farinha Formation. Pernambuco, Brazil.Holotype and paratypes, Departamento deGeologia, Centro de Tecnologia, UniversidadeFederal de Pernambuco, Brasil.† mawsoni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook,1956: 2, 3, pl. 1, figs 5, 6. Miocene. River MurrayCliffs, South Australia. Holotype SAM F 15139;paratypes SAM (8), paratypes BMNH (3; LowerBeds, Muddy Creek, South Australia).† mayeri, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 745. Oligocene.Lohergraben, Bavaria, Germany.† mayor, Siphondentalium (Gadila) gadus var. Foresti,1895: 258. Pliocene. Italy.mayori, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 133, 134,pl. 19, fig. 3. Recent. East of Tortugas, Eolis stn 33,16 fms [29 m]. Holotype USNM 314783;paratypes USNM 314784 (64), USNM 157809(32; USFC 2404), USNM 323953 (14; USFC2404), USNM 314785 (46; Eolis stn 42), USNM314786 (153; Eolis stn 43), USNM 314787 (1;Eolis stn 73), USNM 314788 (42; Eolis stn 48),USNM 314789 (1; Eolis stn 49), USNM 314790(5; Eolis stn 68), USNM 314791 (6; Eolis stn 69),USNM 314792 (2; Eolis stn 87), USNM 314793(1; Eolis stn 117), USNM 314794 (6; Eolisstn 140), USNM 314795 (1; Eolis stn 311), USNM314796 (1; Eolis stn 128), USNM 314797 (2; Eolisstn 147), USNM 314798 (2; Eolis stn 152), USNM314799 (2; Eolis stn 156), USNM 314800 (1; Eolisstn 167), USNM 314801 (1; Eolis stn 172), USNM314802 (3; Eolis stn 179), USNM 314803 (2; Eolisstn 182), USNM 314804 (1; Eolis stn 186), USNM314805 (1; Eolis stn 306), USNM 314806 (1; Eolisstn 354), USNM 314807 (3; Eolis stn 356), USNM314808 (2; Eolis stn 360), USNM 314809 (3; Eolisstn 364), USNM 314810 (16; Eolis stn 368),USNM 314811 (13; Eolis stn 370), USNM 314812(2; Eolis stn 196), USNM 314813 (39; Eolisstn 32), USNM 314814 (2; Eolis stn 100), USNM314815 (2; Eolis stn 300), USNM 314816 (1; Eolisstn 350), MCZ 48411 (6; Eolis stn 43), ANSP44914 (Eolis stn 43), AMNH 148339 (7). Gadilamayori (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic,Caribbean. 29-182 m.† mcfarlandae, Cadulus (Cadulus) Emerson, 1957:986, 987, pl. 126, fig. 4. Eocene, Vacaville shale,Capay formation. UCMP loc. A-3365, Ualtis CreekSW of Dunns Peak, Vaca Valley, Solano County,California, USA. Holotype UCMP 37590;paratypes UCMP 37591-UCMP 37594.mechelinii, see michelinii.† mediaviense, Dentalium Harris, 1896: 187 [73],pl. 17 [7], figs 1, 1a. Eocene, Midway Stage.0.5 miles N of Ripley, Mississippi; Black Bluff,Graveyard Hill, Dale’s Branch and Allenton,Alabama, USA. Syntypes PRI 82 [lost], PRI 2349(fide Brann & Kent 1960: 319).mediocarinata, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 63, textfig.29, pl. 6, figs 70-72, 87, 88. Recent. Off KaiIslands [Indonesia], Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S,132°32.5’E, 387 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.084 (designatedby Habe: 1964: 42); paralectotypes ZMA3.06.085 (2; Bali Sea, Siboga stn 5, 07°46’S,114°30.5’E, 330 m). Junior synonym: Megaentalinateramachii Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963 (fideHabe 1964: 42). Megaentalina mediocarinata(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Kuroda & Habe in Habe1963: 273 as Megaentalina teramachii). Indo-Pacific: eastern Africa to Japan. 200-1035 m.Remark: Scarabino (1995: 366) invalidly selectedone of the specimens from Siboga stn 5 as the lectotype.mediopacificensis, Dentalium Rehder & Ladd, 1973:48, 49, pl. 3, figs 1, 2. Recent. Agassiz Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains, stn 4, 17°58.5’N, 178°14.2’E,865-884 fms [1579-1613 m]. Holotype USNM703273; paratype USNM 703274 (1). Dentaliummediopacificensis Rehder & Ladd, 1973. Knownfrom the type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino(in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that this species isreferable to Compressidentalium.† medium, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 181, pl. 79,fig. 5. Cretaceous. Blackdown, England, UnitedKingdom. Remark: Geinitz (1850: 74, pl. 18,figs 25, 26) erroneously used this name for the laterdescribed Dentalium geinitzianum Ryckholt, 1851 .† medius, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 237 [exDeshayes MS]. Tertiary. Naples, Italy. Based onDentalium coarctatum sensu O. G. Costa 1851 nonLamarck 1818.† meekianum, Dentalium Geinitz, 1866: 13, pl. 1,fig. 20. Carboniferous. Locality 60, Nebraska City,Missouri River, Nebraska, USA. Plagioglyptameekiana (Geinitz, 1866) (fide Yancey 1978: 310).† meganosensis, Cadulus Palmer, 1923: 303, pl. 54,fig. 5. Middle Eocene. UCMP Locality 3573, nearVacaville, California, USA. Holotype UCMP30601.megathyris, Dentalium Dall, 1890: 293, pl. 9, fig. 1.Recent. Localities of syntypes: USNM 87558 (OffChiloe Island [Chile], Albatross stn 2789, 42°35’S,75°28’W, 1342 fms [2449 m]), USNM 95851,594262, ANSP 72361, and SBMNH 35017 (nearGalapagos Islands, USFC stn 2807, 0°24’S,89°06’W, 812 fms [1480 m]), USNM 110665 (offsouthwest Chili [Chile], Albatross stn 2788,45°35’S, 75°55’W, 1050 fms [1916 m]), LACM1816 (1485 m, Islas Galápagos). Fissidentaliummegathyris (Dall, 1890) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:67). Eastern Pacific: California to Chile, Galapagos.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)615

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.1480-4300 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 250)considered megathyris a junior synonym of Fissidentaliumceras Watson, 1879. This proposed synonymyrequires a comparative study of all taxaincluded in this species group.† menthifonta, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Dockery inMacNeil & Dockery, 1984: 248, pl. 71, figs 1-3.Lower Oligocene, Mint Spring Formation.Mississippi Geological Survey locality 90, IchusaCreek, Smith County, Mississippi, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 376681.meridionale, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) candidum var.Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 73, pl. 15, figs 32-34. Recent.SE of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Albatross stn 2763,24°17’S, 42°48.30’W, 671 fms [1225 m]. HolotypeUSNM 887471; paratypes USNM 87538, 87557.Synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys,1877) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307).metivieri, Fissidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 254, 255,figs 61, 62a, 70d, e. Recent. Madagascar, MozambiqueChannel, 22°24’S, 43°03’E, 600 m.Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 from stn106; 1 from stn 65; 1 from stn 76; 1 from stn 84;2 from stn 88; 1 from stn 91; 2 from stn 126; 1from stn CH49), NM (1; stn 91), USNM 890876(1; stn 104), BMNH 1994041 (2; stn CH102).Fissidentalium metivieri Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar. 310-1020 m.† mexicanum, Dentalium Girty, 1909: 95, pl. 11,fig. 10. Carboniferous, San Andreas Formation.USGS localities 3738a (Caballos Mountain) and3743 (Fra Cristobal), New Mexico, USA. Typematerial USNM Paleobiology 120807 (CaballosMountain).mexicanum, Dentalium (Tesseracme) Perrilliat, 1975:57, 58, pl. 10, figs 3-5. Middle Miocene. Head ofstream in Arroyo Tomás Martínez, about 3 km NEof Santa Rosa, and approximately 28 km NW ofSanta Lucrecia, by the railroad track, state ofVeracruz, Mexico. Holotype USNM Paleobiology350085; paratypes UNAM 2520. Junior homonymof Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909. Replacementname: Tesseracme perrilliatae n. nom.† meyeri, Entalis Gardner, 1878: 62, pl. 3, fig. 40.Cretaceous. Blackdown beds, England, UnitedKingdom.† meyeri, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium)Cossmann, 1888: 12, 13, pl. 1, figs 4, 5. Eocene.Chaussy and Houdan, France. Cadulus meyeri(Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:237). Remark: a valid species of Polyschides (fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86).miamiensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:129, 130, pl. 19, fig. 18. Recent. Off Fowey Light,Florida, Eolis stn 340, 209 fms [381 m]. HolotypeUSNM 314772; paratypes USNM 314772a (24),USNM 314769 (2; Eolis stn 303), USNM 314770(1; Eolis stn 304), USNM 314771 (1; Eolisstn 306), USNM 314773 (16; Eolis stn 347),USNM 314774 (15; Eolis stn 348), USNM 314775(1; Eolis stn 371), USNM 314776 and USNM108176a (2; Eolis stn 353), USNM 314777 (10;Eolis stn 377), USNM 314778 (6; Eolis stn 378),USNM 314779 (1; Eolis stn 379), USNM 314780(3; Eolis stn 381), USNM 314781 (9), USNM330522 (2; USBF stn 2644), MCZ 48413 (2; Eolisstn 348), AMNH 148351 (2), ANSP 44912 (Eolisstn 348). Polyschides miamiensis (Henderson,1920) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 51).Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 155-381 m.† michauxianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 72, 73,pl. 2, figs 47, 48. Cretaceous, Turonian. Liège,Belgium. Remark: based on Dentalium ellipticumsensu Reuss 1845 non J. Sowerby, 1814.† michelinii, Dentalium Rouault, 1850: 473, pl. 15,figs 6a-6c. Eocene. Bos d’Arros, near Pau, France.Dentalium mechelinii [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 208]is an incorrect subsequent spelling.michelottii, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 654, figs 84-86.Miocene. Baden, Vienna Basin, Austria. LectotypeNHM 1846.37.544 (designated by Pavia 1991:111) + 11 paralectotypes. Tentative junior synonym:Dentalium dumasi Cossmann & Peyrot, 1938 (fidePavia 1991: 111). Dentalium michelottii Hörnes,1856. Indian Ocean (0°59’S, 129°48.8’E). 411 m.Remark: this Miocene species was reported fromthe Recent fauna of the Indian Ocean by Boissevain(1906: 16).micra, Entalinopsis Scarabino, 1995: 306, 307,figs 109, 111 c, d, 115c. Recent. South NewCaledonia, RV Vauban stn 40, 22°30’S, 166°24’E,250-350 m. Holotype and 6 paratypes MNHN.Entalinopsis micra Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:New Caledonia. 250-350 m.microceras, Siphonodentalium Meyer, 1883: 259 [exBoettger MS]. Oligocene. Joachimsthal, Germany.Nomen nudum.† microreticulata, Antalis “?” Welle, 1997: 93, 94,pl. 13, figs 10, 11. Upper Oligocene. GrafenbergerSand. Schacht 8, Bergwerksgesellschaft SophiaJacoba, near Erkelenz (N of Aachen), Germany.Holotype GPIM D.8-9-1.192 ; paratypes GPIM (6).† microstria, Dentalium Heilprin, 1881: 375, pl. 20,fig. 3 [original spelling micro-stria]. Eocene. CaveBranch and Wood’s Bluff, Clarke County,Alabama, USA. Holotype Geological Survey ofAlabama, No. 20 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 367).milneedwardsi, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10, 11[Locard 1898: 113, pl. 6, figs 21-24]. Recent.Talisman stn 78, 23°55’N, 19°35’W, “Sur les côtesoccidentales d’Afrique, au large du Soudan”[Morocco], 1435 m. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonymof Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877)(n. syn. B. Métivier, in litt. 3.IV.2000). Describedfrom the type locality only.† minimum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison,1845: 101 [ex Strickland MS]. Jurassic. Cheltenham,England, Great Britain. Neotype Museum of616ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Practical Geology, London, No. 5799 (designatedby Richardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?). This isalso the holotype of Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870.Junior objective synonym: Dentalium portlocki Tate,1870. Laevidentalium minimum (Buckman inMurchison, 1845) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38).minimum, Dentalium Etheridge & Bell in Bell, 1898:156, 157. Pliocene. St Erth, Cornwall, England,United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentaliumminimum Buckman in Murchison, 1845. Remark:Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 310) stated that: “Thename is preoccupied; but as this is probably not avalid species, it need not be renamed”.minimum, Siphonodentalium Plate, 1908b: 4, 5, fig. 5.Recent. Antarctica, Gauss Winterstation, 66°02’S,89°38’W, 3423 m. Lectotype ZMB 59728a (designatedby Kilias 1995:175); paralectotype ZMB59728b. Striopulsellum minimum (Plate, 1908)(fide Scarabino 1995: 323). Circumantarctic; Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 3423-6179 m.† minoensis, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Itoigawa,1960: 274, pl. 3 figs 2, 3. Akeyo Miocene. Stn S11-1, Kujiri facies, near Mizunami, Honshu, Japan.Holotype ESN 20031; paratype ESN 20032.† minor, Cadulus gracilina var. Báldi, Horvath &Makk, 1974: 27. Oligocene, Kiscellian. Budafok,S of Budapest, Hungary.minor, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898: 142.Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic].Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulusmonterosatoi Locard, 1897a.minor, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7,figs 10-12. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835).minor, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143[nomen nudum in Jeffreys 1883: 665]. Recent. Typelocality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type materialnot located. Synonym of Cadulus tumidosusJeffreys, 1877.minor, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 117, 118.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofAntalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872).minor, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 104.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentaliumcaudani, a junior synonym of Fissidentaliumcandidum (Jeffreys, 1877).minor, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium ergasticum, a junior synonym ofFissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877).minor, Dentalium exuberans var. Locard, 1898: 112.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium exuberans, a junior synonym of Fissidentaliumpaucicostatum (Jeffreys, 1877).minor, Dentalium panomitanum var. Locard, 1898:123. Recent. Type locality not specified. Typematerial not located. Synonym of Antalis panorma(Chenu, 1843).minor, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898: 110.Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic].Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium scamnatum,a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum(Jeffreys, 1877).minor, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898: 108,pl. 6, figs 28, 29. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (Fischerin Locard, 1898).minor, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 143, pl. 34,figs 4, 5. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, WoodbineFormation. Tarrant County Locality 38,Lewisville member, near railroad, 0.9 mile W ofDallas County border, Tarrant County, Texas,USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105610;paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105611-105612(Tarrant County localities 41 and 46). Junior homonymof Dentalium caudani var. minor Locard,1898 (and seven other minor varieties in the sameLocard paper). Replacement name: Dentaliumminorinum n. nom.minor, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884:33. Nomen nudum without type locality.minor, Siphodentalium [sic] lofotense var. Monterosato,1878: 76. Recent. Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas.Nomen nudum.† minorinum, Dentalium n. nom. Upper Cretaceous,Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. TarrantCounty Locality 38, Lewisville member, near railroad,0.9 mile W of Dallas County border, TarrantCounty, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology105610; paratypes USNM Paleobiology105611-105612 (localities 41 and 46). Replacementname for Dentalium minor Stephenson,1952 non Dentalium caudani var. minor Locard,1898 (and seven other minor varieties in the sameLocard paper). Dentalium minorinum Steiner &Kabat, 2004.minus, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 14, pl. 6, fig. 3,text-fig. 10. Recent. Java Sea, Siboga stn 319,6°16.5’S, 114°37’E, 82 m. Lectotype ZMA3.06.008 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 218);paralectotype ZMA 3.06.009 (1). Junior synonymof Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fideScarabino 1995: 218).minusculus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 432. Recent. OffCape Hatteras, USA, USBF stn 2595, 35°08’N,75°05’30”W, 63 fms [115 m]. Lectotype USNM93122 (designated by Henderson 1920: 134); paralectotypeUSNM 887459 (6). Cadulus minusculusDall, 1889. Known from the type locality only.minutalis, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 362, 363, figs 167,169g. Recent. Réunion, MD32 stn DS151,20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. Holotype andZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)617

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.8 paratypes MNHN. Gadila minutalis Scarabino,1995. Indo-Pacific: Réunion Island. 3240-3300 m.† minutiannulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Hodgkinson,1974: 20, 21, text-fig. 7f-i; pl. 4, figs 2-7, pl. 6,figs 1-3, pl. 7, fig. 2. Middle Eocene, ClaibornianStage, Cook Mountain Formation, WheelockMember. Little Brazos River Valley, Brazos County,Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology180467; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180466,180468-180471, 180474-180476, PRI 29228;ANSP 31506.minutissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Ludbrook,1954: 108, fig. 11. Recent. Maldives Is., JohnMurray Exp. stn 147, 04°53’N, 72°54’E, 27 m.Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.123; paratypesBMNH 1952.3.25.113-122 (9). Antalis(?) minutissima(Ludbrook, 1954) (fide V. Scarabino, in litt.20.II.2002, tentatively as Episiphon in Scarabino1995: 289). Known from the type locality only.minutissimus, Cadulus (Gadila) Niino & Habe inHabe & Kosuge, 1964: 11. Nomen nudum. Recent.Off Puket [Thailand], 50-80 m.† minutistriatum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860: 386, pl. 67,fig. 46. Eocene, Cook Mountain Formation.Wheelock, Robertson County, Texas, USA.Holotype ANSP 13264 (“broken” fide Hodgkinson1974: 22). Dentalium (Antalis) minutistriatumGabb, 1860 (fide Hodgkinson 1974: 21, 22).minutu[m], Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 786 [citingPlancus 1739: t. 2., f. 2]; emended to minutum byLinnaeus (1767: 1264). Recent. Mediterranean.Syntype LS 615. Possible junior synonym: Gadilagadus (Montagu, 1803) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:243, who listed Dentalium minutum under spuriousScaphopoda, “[...] is not identifiable, but Hanleysurmises that it may be Cadulus gadus”).minutus, Cadulus H. Adams, 1872: 10, pl. 3, fig. 9.Recent. Red Sea. Syntypes BMNH 1872.4.9.6 (4),UMZC I.100,755. Dischides minutus (H. Adams,1872) (fide Scarabino 1995: 340). Indian Ocean:Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Bathymetric rangeunknown; type specimens “probably washedashore” (Scarabino 1995: 340).minutus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 91. Cretaceous.Insel Moen, Denmark. Nomen nudum.† miocaenicum, Pulsellum Boettger, 1902: 182; 1907:211. Miocene. Kostej and Lapugy, Banat, Romania.Lectotype SMF XIII.3a (designated by Zilch 1934:279, pl. 22, fig. 27). Episiphon miocaenicum(Boettger, 1902) (fide Baluk 1972: 560, 561).† miocenicum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 144, 145,pl. 16, fig. 12. Miocene. Tortona, Italy. Entalismiocaenica (Michelotti, 1847) (fide Cossmann &Peyrot 1917: 176-178); Dentalium (Entalis)miocenica Michelotti, 1847 (fide Sacco 1897: 108).miopseudodentalis, see miopseudoentalis.† miopseudoentalis, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897:106, pl. 9, figs 7-11 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. SyntypesMIGT BS.106.03.003-BS.106.03.005. Entalis miopseudodentalis[Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306] isan incorrect subsequent spelling.mirificum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1895: 9, pl. 2,fig. 1. Recent. Ceylon [Sri Lanka], off Trincomalee,Investigator stn 172, 200-350 fms [365-639 m].Lectotype BMNH 1895.7.2.26 (designated byLamprell & Healy 1998: 137 as “holotype”. Their“paratype” could not be located.); paralectotype ZSIM194/1 (1). Junior synonyms: Entalina quadrangularisBoissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 300);E. majestica Kira, 1959 (fide Habe 1964: 39; Scarabino1995: 147). Entalina mirifica (E. A. Smith,1895) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 134). Indo-Pacific: from Africa to New Caledonia. 55-2050 m.Remarks: two of the four cited type specimens couldnot be located; Scarabino’s (1995: 300) record offour syntypes in the BMNH cannot be confirmed.† misatoensis, Dentalium Araki, 1958: 164, 165,pl. 18, figs 5a, 5b. Miocene. Kaisekizan Formation,near Funayama, Misato-mura, Age-gun, MiePrefecture, Japan. Holotype Geol. Dept., MieUniv. (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209).† mississippiensis, Dentalium Conrad, 1848a: 282;1848b: 112, 113, pl. 11, fig. 1. “Eocene” [Oligocene].Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. Holotype andparatype ANSP 30659 (fide MacNeil & Dockery1984: 245). Tentative senior synonym: Dentaliumvirginianum Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 209). Junior synonym: Dentalium densatumConrad, 1865. Dentalium mississippiense Conrad,1848 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 209).† missouriense, Dentalium Swallow, 1863: 99.Carboniferous. Archimedes Limestone, Chester,Illinois [USA] and St Mary’s, Missouri [USA].modicellum, Dentalium Kurtz, 1860: 6. SouthCarolina. Nomen nudum.† molengraaffi, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915: 179,pl. 7, figs 178, 179. Eocene. Kali Puru, Nanggulan,Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7265 (1), RGM7264 (2), RGM 7268 (3), RGM 7261 (1), RGM7267 (3), RGM 7259 (3), RGM 7266 (1), RGM7263 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002:111, 112).monodonta, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 363, figs 168,169i. Recent. Mozambique Channel, West [of]Glorieuses Is., BENTHEDI stn DS10, 11°28.5’S,47°17.7’E, 440 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypesMNHN (1 each from DS120 and DS122). Gadilamonodonta Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to New Caledonia. 390-625 m.monolineata, Plagioglypta Branson, 1930: 58, 59,pl. 15, fig. 7. Late Pennsylvanian to early Triassic.Top Limestone, Phosphoria Formation, WindRiver and Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming, USA.Junior synonym of Prodentalium canna (White,1874) (fide Yancey 1973: 1126; 1978: 308, 309).† montense, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 80,pl. 24, figs 12a, 12b. Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium.618ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Tentative junior synonym: Fustiaria inversa(Cossmann, 1915) (n. syn.). Fustiaria montense(Briart & Cornet, 1889). Remark: Cossmann(1915: 6, 7) noted that the only difference betweenDentalium (Fustiaria) inversum and Dentaliummontense is the position of the apical slit.monterosatoi, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 4. Recent. Westof Cape Finistere [Cabo Finisterra], Spain,Travailleur 1881 dr. 1, 2018 m. Type material notlocated. Synonym: Cadulus monterosatoi var. ventricosaLocard, 1898. Cadulus monterosatoi Locard,1897. Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Portugal.896-3307 m.† monterosatoi, Dentalium rectum var. Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 214. Tertiary. Sicily, Italy. Replacementname for Dentalium philippi Monterosato,1872 non Chenu, 1843.moorei, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 224.Cretaceous. Wollumbilla, Queensland, Australia.Replacement name for Dentalium lineatum Moore,1870 non Gueranger, 1853. Objective junior synonymof Dentalium wollumbillaensis Etheridge inJack & Etheridge, 1892. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp(1898) inadvertently overlooked the earlier replacementname.† moreanum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1845: 454,pl. 38, fig. 10. Jurassic. Kaminka, Russia; Vieil-Saint-Rémy, Ardennes, France. Remark: this specieswas misidentified as Dentalium cylindricum J.Sowerby, 1814 by Fischer (1845).moreauanum, Dentalium Bronn, 1848: 415; 1849:359. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium moreanumd’Orbigny, 1845.† morganianum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium)Wilckens, 1922: 24, 25, pl. 5, figs 8, 9. Cretaceous,Upper Senonian. NZGS Localities 5 and 13 (AmuriBluff) and NZGS locality 589 (Selwyn Rapid beds,Selwyn River, Malvern Hills), New Zealand.mosae, Dentalium – Bronn 1837: 706, pl. 32, fig. 18,non Pyrgopolon mosae Montfort, 1808 (Polychaeta).Cretaceous. Petersberges near Maastricht (Netherlands);Ciply, near Mons (Belgium); Köpingemolla,Schoonen (Sweden?). Remark: Hisinger (1840:Supp., p. 8) suggested that Bronn’s specimens couldbe equivalent to Dentalium browni Hisinger, 1837(Polychaeta); but Goldfuss (1841: 3, pl. 166,fig. 10) used mosae as a valid species of Dentalium.mosae, Pyrgopolon Montfort, 1808. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† moseleyensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974:17, text-fig. 8g, h; pl. 1, figs 3, 4, pl. 2, fig. 3.Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook MountainFormation, Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff,Brazos River Valley, Burleson County, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180428; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 180427, 180444, PRI 29221,ANSP 31499.motidukii, Dentalium (Antalis) Otuka, 1935: 879,880, pl. 54, fig. 89. Recent. Hiradoko, Japan.Holotype GIY 2400. Junior synonym of Dentaliumbuccinulum Gould, 1859 (fide Habe 1964: 25).† mucronatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887: 193, 194, pl. 20,fig. 10. Lower Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria,Australia. Holotype and 14 paratypes SAM T229A. Cadulus (Gadila) mucronatus Tate, 1887(fide Ludbrook 1959: 147, pl. 1, fig. 8).† muellerianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:224. Cretaceous. Königsthore, Germany. Replacementname for Dentalium alternans Müller, 1849non Chenu, 1843.muensteri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 224. Jurassic. Derneberg, nearHannover, Germany. Replacement name forDentalium cinctum “Goldfuss, 1844” [sic!, shouldbe 1841] non de Koninck, 1843. Remark: Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 224) erroneously dated this name to1844, and therefore concluded that it was a juniorhomonym of Dentalium cinctum de Koninck, 1843.Thus, Pilsbry & Sharp proposed Dentalium muensterias a replacement name for what is, in fact, thesenior homonym.† multannulatum, Dentalium Aldrich, 1895: 55 [3],pl. 2 [1], fig. 3. Eocene. Gregg’s Landing, Alabama,USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638920 (designatedby Palmer & Brann 1965: 369 as “holotype”).† multicanaliculatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 572.Cretaceous. Siegsdorf, Bavaria, Germany.† multiclathratum, Dentalium Martelli, 1905: 351,pl. 11, fig. 39. Triassic, Ladinian. Wengen,Montenegro.† multicostatum, Dentalium Favre, 1869: 101, pl. 12,fig. 8. Cretaceous. Nagorzany, Lviv [Lemberg],Ukraine. Holotype NHM 1862/0005/0130.Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentaliumdecussatum Sowerby, 1814 by Alth (1850).multicostata, Dentalium arctoides var. Gugenberger,1934: 43, pl. 1, fig. 15 [nomen nudum inGugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic.N of Launsdorf, Austria. Junior homonym ofDentalium multicostatum Favre, 1869; replacementname: Prodentalium angelae Engeser & Riedel,1992.multistriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 358, pl. 18,fig. 11. Recent. “[presumably from India]” [label oftype lot: Île de France = Mauritius]. LectotypeMNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 201);paralectotypes MNHN (13). Junior synonym ofDentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825 (fideScarabino 1995: 200, by First Reviser action,according to ICZN 1999: article 24).† multistrictum, Laevidentalium Finlay & Marwick,1937: 93, pl. 13, fig. 3. Paleocene. Wangaloa, NewZealand. Holotype NZGS TM4811; paratypesNZGS (2) (fide Keyes 1972: 96). Antalis multistricta(Finlay & Marwick, 1937) (fide Maxwell 1988: 76).† mutabile, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 654, pl. 50,fig. 32 [ex Doderlein MS]. Miocene, Badenian.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)619

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Steinabrunn, Wiener Becken, Austria. LectotypeNMW 1855.XLV.271 (selected by Pavia 1991:124); paralectotypes NMW 1855.XLV.271a-d (4).Fissidentalium mutabile (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia1991: 124-126).nagoense, Dentalium Dall, 1927: 1. Recent. Nago,Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 15 fms [27 m]. HolotypeUSNM 333718. Junior synonym of Fustiarianipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) (fide Habe 1963:266).† nanaimoensis, Dentalium Meek, 1858: 44, 45.Cretaceous. Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, BritishColumbia, Canada. Holotype USNM Paleobiology4270. Junior synonym: Dentalium komooksenseMeek, 1876 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225).Dentalium nanaimoense Meek, 1858 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 225).† nanggulanense, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915: 179,180, pl. 7, figs 180-182. Eocene. Sumatra, Indonesia.Syntypes RGM 7250 (17), RGM 7245 (3),RGM 7247 (2), RGM 7248 (5), RGM 47182 (5),RGM 7246 (2), RGM 7251 (1), RGM 7249 (4)(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112).Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentaliumjunghuhni by Boettger (1882).nanum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 73, pl. 8, fig. 78.Castlecliffian, Pliocene. New Zealand. LectotypeNZGS TM.4807 (designated by Keyes 1972: 96).Junior synonyms: Dentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880;Dentalium marwicki Mestayer, 1926 (fide Dell1957: 570). Antalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell1957: 570). New Zealand; Antarctica. 30-320 m.nanus, Cadulus (Gadila) iota Clench & Aguayo, 1939:197. Recent. Gibara, Oriente Province, Cuba,40 fms [73 m]. Holotype MCZ 89222; 1 paratypeMuseo Poey, Habana (Havana), Cuba. Synonym ofGadila iota Henderson, 1920.natalense, Dentalium Barnard, 1963b: 350, fig. 30e.Recent. South Africa, off Cape Natal, Durban,85 fms [153 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1964257 (6),SAFM A9364 (49) (fide Giles & Gosliner 1983:41). Paradentalium natalense (Barnard, 1963) (fideScarabino 1995: 219). Indian Ocean: South Africato Madagascar. 50-670 m.† navarroi, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941: 253, pl. 46,figs 16, 17. Cretaceous, Navarro Group, KempClay. USGS locality 762, Nacatoch sand nearChatfield, Navarro County, Texas, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 76767, paratypes USNMPaleobiology 76768 (1); 76769 (1).† navicanum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: pl. 10,fig. 2; 1854: 198. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium.† navidadense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:210. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Replacement namefor Dentalium gracile Philippi, 1887 non Dentaliumgracilis Hall & Meek, 1855 nec Dentalium gracileMoore, 1866 nec Dentalium gracile Jeffreys, 1870.nebulosum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738. [No referencesgiven]. Recent. Sicily [Mediterranean]. Juniorsynonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42).nedallisoni, Cadulus (Polyschides) Emerson, 1978:120-122, figs 4-6. Recent. Corinto, Nicaragua,Zaca Exp. stn 200-D-19, 12°28’03”N, 87°12’39”W,22-24 m. Holotype AMNH 160349; paratypesAMNH 183875 (30), LACM 2117 (2). Polyschidesnedallisoni (Emerson, 1978). Eastern Pacific:Nicaragua. 22-24 m.† neglectum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888: 11, pl. 1,figs 2, 3. Eocene. Le Guépelle, Marines andChaussy, France. Siphonodentalium neglectum(Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:235). Remark: a valid species of Dischides (fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86).neohexagonum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 19, 20, pl. 11,figs 74-86. Recent. Santa Barbara; San Pedro Bay;San Diego [all California]. Syntypes ANSP 35459(4). Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Eastern Pacific: California.0-145 m.† neornatum, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925: 108, 109[24, 25], pl. 8 [1], figs 18-18b. Permian.Kinshozan, Akasaka-Machi, Mino province, Japan.Holotype Instn Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ. (fideHanzawa et al. 1961: 209).newcombei, Cadulus (Gadila) tolmiei var. Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 182, pl. 34, figs 1, 2. Recent. Typelocality not specified. Type material not located.Synonym of Gadila tolmiei (Dall, 1897).† newtonensis, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 41,pl. 2, figs 3, 3a, 3b. Eocene. Newton, NewtonCounty, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNMPaleobiology 638727. Remarks: this name was tentativelyproposed for “two depressed fragments” ofCadulus: “If, however, the form should prove to bea new species we propose the name Cadulus newtonensisfor it”. Pilsbry & Harbison (1933: 117) suggestedthat it is a junior synonym of Cadulusjacksonensis Meyer, 1885, but Palmer & Brann(1965: 362) listed both species as valid.† niceforoi, Dentalium Royo y Gomez, 1945: 460:pl. 70, fig. 1. Lower Cretaceous, Barremian. TowerVilleta Formation, San Gil, Departmento deSantander, Colombia.† nicense, Dentalium Bellardi, 1852: 229, pl. 15,figs 9, 10 [as niceense, a nomen nudum in Bellardi1850: 681]. Oligocene. Palarca and Mortola, Italy.Dentalium nitense [Gümbel, 1861: 604] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:210).nicklesi, Cadulus Dell, 1964: 129, 130, pl. 7, fig. 5.Recent. Cape Lopez, Angola, Discovery stn 279, 58-67 m. Holotype BMNH 1962883/1; paratypesBMNH 1963300-303 (1 of them from stn 274,St Paul de Loanda, Angola, 65 m). Gadila nicklesi(Dell, 1964) (fide Nicklès 1979: 69). EasternAtlantic: West Africa. 29-200 m. Remark: Nicklès620ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)(1979) listed this species as C. (Platyschides) nicklesi,and the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymywith Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355).nicolasi, Annulipulsellum Palmer, 1986: 396 [exScarabino MS]. Nomen nudum.nielseni, Graptacme Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 98, 99,figs 99B, 100A, 102A-D, 103. Recent. Off Cairns,northern Queensland, Australia, 11°22’S, 144°35’E,2016 m. Holotype QM MO40055; paratypes QMMO40057 (8), QM MO40056 (1; northernQueensland, 14°27’S, 146°51’E, 1855 m), QMMO40058 (3; northern Queensland, 11°23’S,144°36’E, 1999 m), AMS C201736 (2; northernQueensland, 11°23’S, 144°36’E, 1999 m).Graptacme nielseni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 1855-2016 m.† nigeriense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke,1977: 63, 64, pl. 7, figs 5-10. Paleocene. Nigeria.Holotype UIMG 179; paratypes UIMG 180,UIMG 181, USNM Paleobiology 174765, 174766.nigrofasciatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.nigrum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.nipponicum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1922:119, pl. 6, fig. 7. Pleistocene. Shito, Honshu, Japan.Lectotype UMT CM.21050 (designated by Taki &Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 26, fig. 7, as “holotype”;see Oyama [1973: 3] for an explanation ofTaki & Oyama’s [1954] lectotype designations).Junior synonyms: Dentalium nagoense Dall, 1927;Dentalium numatai Hirase, 1931 (fide Habe 1963:266, 267). Fustiaria nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922)(fide Habe 1963: 266). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toJapan and New Caledonia. 5-200 m.† nipponicum, Siphonodentalium Makiyama, 1927:59, pl. 2, figs 17-19. Lower Pliocene. Hônohasi,Saigo-mura, near Kakegawa, Japan. Holotype FGKJC.200224 (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210).† nitens, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 159, pl. 70,figs 1, 2. Lower Eocene. Highgate, London Clay,England, United Kingdom. Fustiaria nitens(J. Sowerby, 1814) (fide Newton 1891: 285, 286).Possible junior synonym: Dentalium incertumDeshayes, 1825 (fide Deshayes 1861: 202).Remarks: this name was incorrectly applied byEudes-Deslongchamps (1842: 129, 130) to thespecies subsequently described as Dentalium normianumd’Orbigny, 1850, from the Jurassic of France,and by Dixon (1850) to the species subsequentlydescribed as Dentalium lucidum Deshayes, 1861(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208).nitense, see nicense.nitentior, Cadulus Arnold, 1903: 187, pl. 8, fig. 13 [exCarpenter MS]. Recent. California coast;Pleistocene of San Pedro, San Diego; Pliocene ofSan Diego well. Lectotype CAS (designated byPalmer 1958: 119); paralectotypes CAS (San Pedro,California), USNM 23729. Junior synonym ofGadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Shimek1989: 235). Remarks: Pilsbry (1904: 108) expresseddoubts as to the scaphopod nature of nitentior:“The figure and description given fix the namenitentior on what seems to be the tube of a serpulidannelid”. Shimek (1989: 235) designated USNM23729 as lectotype of C. aberrans; this is invalidbecause it is not a syntype of that species. Palmer(1958: 119) stated that the figured specimen (whichArnold said was “now in the collection of DelosArnold”) was the holotype of this species. SinceArnold reported this species from several localities,Palmer’s action constitutes a lectotype designation;the CAS type specimens are not labeled as to whichspecimen is the figured specimen, so it remains tobe determined which specimen, if any, is the lectotype.However, Palmer (1958: 119) erroneouslystated that USNM 23729 (30 fms, Catalina Island)“has no status in a type category” since this specimenis from a locality included by Arnold in hisdescription, it was a syntype and is now a paralectotype.† nitidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 203, pl. 1,figs 29, 30. Eocene. Paris Basin (Châlons-sur-Vesles, Aizy, Mercin, Laversine, and Cuise-la-Motte),France. Remark: a valid species of Laevidentalium(fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud1995: 85).nitidus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 129,pl. 19, fig. 9. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, PuertoRico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. HolotypeUSNM 887474; paratypes USNM 161582,AMNH 148353 (3). Polyschides nitidus (Henderson,1920) n. comb. Known from the type localityonly.nivosum, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 7, 8,pl. 1, figs 9-11, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Toyama Bay,Japan, 80-150 m. Type material not located. Juniorsynonym of Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain,1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272).† nobile, Dentalium Mayer, 1863: 97, 98. Tertiary.Hoering, Germany [“Couches tongriennes deHoering”]. Remark: type specimen(s) stated to bein the “Musée de mines de Munich [Germany]”.nodosus, see nodulosus.† nodulosus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94, 95.Cretaceous. Insel Moen, Denmark. Dentalitesnodosus [Krueger, 1823: 312] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.noe, Dentalium Sismonda, 1847: 24 [ex Bonelli MS].Nomen nudum. Pliocene. Piedmont, Italy.† noe, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94,pl. 7, figs 57-61 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGTBS.106.01.010, BS.106.01.011, BS.106.01.012(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 301).† noetlingi, Dentalium Martin, 1915: 180. Miocene.Singu and Kama, Burma. Remark: Martin (1915)ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)621

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.rejected Noetling’s claim that his Burma specimenswere conspecific with Dentalium junghuhnidescribed from Java, Indonesia. Noetling (1901:250) claimed that his Burma specimens of“junghuhni” were “absolutely identical with”Dentalium magnificum E. A. Smith, 1896, a Recentspecies from the Indian Ocean. Martin’s subsequentconclusion that the Burma specimens were notreferable to Dentalium junghuhni means thatDentalium magnificum is no longer a junior synonym,and indeed may now be a senior synonym ofDentalium noetlingi.† normanianum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume2): 46. Jurassic. Villerville, France. Remark:this species was misidentified as Dentalium nitens byEudes-Deslongchamp (1842).† notabile, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 583. Silurian[“Grauwackenkalksteine”]. Pulkowa, Russia.Remark: figured by Eichwald, 1860: 1061, pl. 40,fig. 9; 1868: 800, 801, pl. 28, fig. 1.novaehollandiae, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6,fig. 14; 1852: 5. Recent. Australia. Type materialnot located. Graptacme? novaehollandiae (Chenu,1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 93). No informationon geographic or bathymetric distributionavailable.† novaki, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 978-980, pl. 59,figs 7, 8. Oligocene. Morigny, France. Remark:Merklin & Goncharova (1967: 118) listed novaki asa junior synonym of acutum Hébert, but Janssen(1978b: 199) treated it as a valid species of Fissidentalium.† novaresei, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) de Stefani, 1917:42, 43, pl. 4, fig. 6. Carboniferous. Elba, Italy.† novemcinctum, Dentalium “?” Sacco, 1897: 96, 97,pl. 7, fig. 97 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97].Oligocene. Sassello, Italy. Holotype MIGTBS.106.01.045 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:303, pl. 56, fig. 1). Remark: Bonci et al. (2000:206) concluded that this was a valid species, referableto Dentalium (Dentalium).novemcostatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344.Recent. Around La Rochelle, France [Atlantic].Possible syntypes MHNG 1081/54 (5; fide Y.Finet, in litt. 16.X.1996). Antalis novemcostata(Lamarck, 1818) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 51).Eastern Atlantic: Europe. 20-300 m.noviluna, see novilunatus.novilunatus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Kira, 1959: 104,pl. 40, fig. 2 [nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298,and in Kira 1954: 80, pl. 40, fig. 2; see Bieler &Petit 1990: 141]. Recent. Shikoku, Japan. Typematerial not located. Junior synonym of Gadila virginalis(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 279).Remarks: although Habe (1963: 279, 1964: 49,1977: 342) and Habe & Kosuge (1964: 12) includedG. novilunata in the synonymy of virginalis,Scarabino (1995: 358) stated that he “... prefer[s] tokeep them separate pending further study”. Gadilanoviluna [Habe 1977: 342] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.† novum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 23;1850: 5. Type locality not specified (Tertiary, fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 210).† nudum, Dentalium Zekeli, 1852: 118, pl. 24, figs 1,2. Jurassic. Edelbachgraben, Gosautal, Austria.numatai, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hirase, 1931: 139,pl. 3, fig. 11. Recent. Osumi and Oshima [Japan]. Typematerial not located. Junior synonym of Fustiarianipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) (fide Habe 1963: 267).† numerosa, Plagioglypta Yoo, 1988: 248, figs 148-151.Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian, DangarfieldFormation. Locality A-3, 2.6 km SW of Gundy,Upper Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. HolotypeAMS F.61996; paratypes AMS F.61997 (20).numerosum, Dentalium Dall, 1895: 686. Recent. Fromthe Galapagos to California. Syntypes LACM 1755(near Isla Cedros, Pacific coast Baja California,México, 28°12’N, 115°09’W, 80 m), SBMNH35016, USNM 87559, USNM 203102, USNM600413 (all from Baja California Norte, near IslaCedros, Albatross stn 2823, 24°18’N, 110°22’W,26 fms [48 m]). Junior synonym of Dentalium oerstediiMörch, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 25).† nunomae, Dentalium Takeda, 1953: 62, 63, pl. 4,fig. 8, pl. 5, fig. 12. Oligocene, Poronai Formation.Hokkaido University Locality T268, southernSakhalin Island, Russia. Holotype HokkaidoUniversity No. 11090; paratype HokkaidoUniversity No. 11089 (Locality T211).† nutans, Cadulus Böhm, 1891: 70, pl. 4, fig. 26.Cretaceous. Höpfling, near Siegsdorf, southernBavaria, Germany.nutans, Dentalium Kner, 1850: 23, 24, pl. 4, figs 10,10a. Cretaceous. Nagórzany, Ukraine. Junior synonymof Dentalium decussatum J. Sowerby, 1814(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221).nysti, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume 3): 18.Tertiary, Falunian. Klein-Spauwen, Hoesselt, Lethen,Belgium. Junior synonym of Dentalium acutumHébert, 1849 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197).Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentaliumgrande Deshayes, 1825 by Nyst (1843).nysti, Dentalium Van den Binkhorst, 1861: 61, pl. 6,fig. 2a-2c. Cretaceous. Limbourg, Belgium. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852.Replacement name: Dentalium binkhorsti Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898.obesus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 527, 528 [Watson1886: 22, pl. 3, fig. 8]. Recent. Culebra Island[Lesser Antilles], Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N,65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH1887.2.9.84-87 (labelled “in advanced stage ofdecay; Palmer 1971”). Cadulus obesus Watson,1879. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 365-712 m.† obliquatus, Cadulus Koenen, 1892: 990, pl. 59, figs19, 20. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Calbe, Atzendorf,and Unseburg, Germany.622ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)† oblongum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 585,pl. 45, fig. 3. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railwaycutting,Dixton West, near Gotherington, nearCheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Remark:Engeser & Riedel (1992: 38) stated that “Thisspecies cannot be attributed to any known scaphopodgenus and therefore a new genus should beproposed”.obnutus, see obrutus.† obrutus, Gadus Conrad, 1870a: 227. Emendationfor Gadus “obnutus” Conrad, 1869b. Cretaceous.Haddonfield, New Jersey, USA. Syntype ANSP19502. Cadulus obrutus (Conrad, 1870) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238).obscurum, Dentalium gouldii var. Dall, 1889: 425,pl. 27, fig. 4. Recent. Off Barbados, Lesser Antilles,Blake stn 299, 13°05’N, 59°39’40”W, 140 fms[256 m]. Lectotype USNM 95351 (designated byHenderson 1920: 32); paralectotypes USNM887460, MCZ 7695, MCZ 7708 (erroneouslystated to be the holotype by Turner 1955: 319).Dentalium obscurum Dall, 1889 (fide Henderson1920: 32). Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Brazil.146-1540 m.† obsoletum, Dentalium Hall, 1858: 724, pl. 29,figs 16, 17. Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. SyntypeFM UC.10722 (fide Forney & Nitecki 1976: 11).Objective junior synonyms: Dentalium sublaeveHall, 1877; Prodentalium fredericae Engeser &Riedel, 1992. Junior synonym: Dentalium acutisulcatumGurley, 1883 (fide Yancey 1978: 307).Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858) (fide Engeser& Riedel 1992: 41). Remarks: this is a valid nameand not a junior secondary homonym of Dentalitesobsoletum Schlotheim, 1832, which is a nomennudum. The replacement names, Dentalium sublaeveHall in Miller, 1877 (being itself a juniorhomonym of Dentalium sublaeve Cocconi, 1874)and Prodentalium fredericae Engeser & Riedel, 1992are, therefore, unnecessary.obsoletum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15].Nomen nudum. Miocene. Monte Gibio (Modena),Santo Agata (Tortona) and Vigoleno (Piacenza),Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium obsoletumHall, 1858. See Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevisCocconi, 1874.obsoletus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 100; 1832: 67.Tonna, Sachsenberg, Germany. Nomen nudum.obtusum, Dentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 114, fig. 3.Recent. Zhejiang Province, China. Type in IOAS.Dentalium obtusum Qi & Ma, 1989. Indo-Pacific:China Sea. 0-5 m.occidentale, Dentalium Stimpson, 1851b: 28. Recent.Deep water on the coast of Maine, and in MassachusettsBay [Western Atlantic]. Type material presumablylost (fide Johnson 1976: 66). Juniorsynonyms: Dentalium abyssorum M. Sars, 1859 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 47); Dentalium cinerascensAnton, 1838 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48, as tentativesenior(!) synonym); Dentalium aenigmaticumJordan, 1895 (fide Friele & Grieg 1901: 49).Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 47). North Atlantic. 36-1823 m.Remarks: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listedthis species in the synonymy of Antalis entalis(Linnaeus, 1758); further study of the taxonomy ofthese species is needed. This species was misidentifiedas Dentalium dentale by Gould (1841).occidentale, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Henderson,1920: 93, pl. 16, fig. 4. Recent. Off Martha’sVineyard [Massachusetts], USBF stn 871,40°05’39”N, 70°23’52”W, 86 fms [157 m]. HolotypeUSNM 38702; paratype MCZ 186823 (2).Pulsellum occidentale (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic: Massachusetts, USA. 157-1794 m.occiduus, Cadulus Verco, 1911b: 218, pl. 26, fig. 7.Recent. Geographe Bay, off Bunbury, WestAustralia, 15 fms [27 m]. Holotype SAM D 13759.Cadulus occiduus Verco, 1911. Indo-Pacific: westernAustralia. 27-2900 m. Remark: the 7 paratypescould not be located.octangulatum, Dentalium Donovan, 1803: pl. 162.Recent. Japan. Neotype BMNH 1952.2.23.1 (designatedby Ludbrook 1954: 97). Junior synonyms:Dentalium octogonum Lamarck, 1818; Dentaliumstriatulum Turton, 1819 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 17); Dentalium yokohamense Watson, 1879;Dentalium japonicum Dunker, 1877 (fide Habe1964: 8). Dentalium octangulatum Donovan,1803. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Japan and NewGuinea. 5-1380 m. Remarks: the original typelocality was “near Lelant, Cornwall, England”.However, the type material was mislocalized, andLudbrook’s designation of a neotype from Japanfixes the type locality as Japan (ICZN 1999: article76.3).† octevillense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899b: 329,pl. 2, fig. 8. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Octeville,Seine-Inférieure [Seine-Maritime], France.octocostatum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.Remark: Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl. 1,figs 2-8) considered this to be a valid species ofDentalium, but he did not discuss the contraryconclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 245).octocostatum, Dentalium Ihering, 1897: 266, 267,pl. 4, fig. 16. Tertiary, Santa Cruz Formation.Yegua Quemada, Patagonia, Argentina. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium octocostatum Fraas, 1867[Polychaeta]. Replacement name: Dentalium octocostellatumPilsbry & Sharp, 1898.† octocostellatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:211. Tertiary, Santa Cruz Formation. YeguaQuemada, Patagonia, Argentina. Replacementname for Dentalium octocostatum Ihering, 1897 nonFraas, 1867 (Polychaeta). Junior synonym:Dentalium gallardoi Rovereto, 1921 (fide Feruglio1949b: 203, footnote).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)623

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.† octogonalis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 57 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills,Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.049 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 305).octogonum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Recent.Sea of China. Syntypes MNHN (2; fide Scarabino1995: 200), possible syntypes MHNG 1081/53(4; fide Y. Finet, in litt. 16.X.1996). Junior synonymof Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 17).octogonum, Dentalium Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi1854: 13, 19. Pliocene. Monte Mario, Rome, Italy.Junior homonym of Dentalium octogonum Lamarck,1818. Remark: the very short general descriptionand the lack of illustrations and types renders this adubious species for which we prefer not to introducea replacement name.octopleuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 206. Recent.St Vincent Gulf, South Australia, 15-22 fms [27-40 m]. Holotype SAM D 13725. Paradentalium octopleuron(Verco, 1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey1933: 139). Pacific Ocean: South Australia. 12-1210 m.Remark: this species was described from a lot of88 specimens; the 87 paratypes could not be located.octostriatum, Dentalium antverpiense “forma”Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72. Miocene. Belgium.Nomen nudum. Remark: this is also an unavailableinfrasubspecific name (ICZN 1999: articles 45.5and 45.6.3).oerstedii, Dentalium Mörch, 1861: 177. Recent. Gulfof Nicoya, west coast of Costa Rica, 30 fms [55 m].Syntypes ZMUC (3; fide Keen 1966: 18, fig. 21).Junior synonym: Dentalium numerosum Dall, 1895(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 25). Dentalium oerstediiMörch, 1861. Eastern Pacific: California toEcuador, Galapagos Islands. 4-1480 m.okudai, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1953: 299, figs 759,760. Recent. Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, 20 m.Holotype NSMT 54867; paratypes NSMT 54868,AMNH 148420 (1). Siphonodentalium okudaiHabe, 1953. Known from the type locality only.† oleacinum, Dentalium agile var. Dall, 1892: 441.Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River and Shell Creek,Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology112739 (3).† oligocenica, Gadila Vergneau-Saubade, 1968: 208,pl. 1, fig. 23. Oligocene, Aquitanian. Gaas,Sarcignan, France.olivi, Dentalium Scacchi, 1835: 12, pl. 2, fig. 6.Pleistocene. Gravina, Italy. Holotype UPMN (fideR. La Perna pers. comm.). Tentative junior synonym:Siphodentalium hyalinum Brugnone, 1876(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171), non Dentaliumhyalinum Philippi, 1846. Polyschides olivi (Scacchi,1835) (fide Steiner & Dreyer 2003: 346, 349).Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 500-2242 m.Remark: Jeffreys (1877: 157, 158) listed this speciesin the genus Gadila.onyx, Hamulus Morton, 1834. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.† oolithicum, Dentalium Piette, 1856: 598, pl. 15,figs 28, 29. Jurassic. Rumigny, France. Junior synonym:Dentalium entaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps,1842 non Fleming, 1825 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 225).† opaculum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 266, 267.Oligocene. Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA.opacum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1829: 198, 199. Recent.“From South Sea ships, supposedly from NewZealand” (G. Humphrey’s collection, Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 70). Type material not located. Fissidentaliumopacum (Sowerby, 1829) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 70). New Zealand. Remarks: Finlay(1928: 262) considered this species indeterminate.Dell (1957: 564) treated it as nomen dubium due tothe absence of the type material and pointed out apossible synonymy with Fissidentalium zelandicum(Sowerby, 1860).† opalina, Dentalium filicauda var. Quenstedt, 1856:328, pl. 44, fig. 16. Jurassic, Liassic. Near Berlin,Germany. Remark: Richardson (1906: 575, 576)tentatively suggested that this name might be ajunior synonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss,1841.† operculatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823: 312 [exBohadsch MS]. Near Gosathal, Hallstadt,Germany.ophiodon, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent. OffBahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 20, 23°02’30”N,83°11’W, 220 fms [402 m]. Lectotype USNM95344 (designated by Henderson 1920: 85); paralectotypesUSNM 95345 (1; Blake stn 21), MCZ7727 (1; Blake stn 19), MCZ 7728 (1; Blakestn 20), MCZ 7729 (1; Blake stn 21; erroneouslystated to be the holotype by Turner 1955: 319).Compressidens ophiodon (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 126). Western Atlantic, Caribbean.128-1280 m.opiparium, Quasidentalium Shimansky, 1974. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.opportuna, Gadila Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961:105, pl. 47, fig. 2 [nomen nudum in Habe 1953:298]. Recent. Off Zushi City, Sagami Bay,Honshu, Japan, 100-200 m. Holotype in NSMT.Gadila opportuna Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961.Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-780 m.† ornatum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 318, 319,pl. 22, figs 3a-3c. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium.† ornatus, Cadulus (Dischides) Baluk, 1972: 563, 564,pl. 5, figs 9-13. Miocene, Lower Tortonian(Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km SSW of Kielce, HolyCross Mountains, Poland. Holotype and paratypes,Baluk collection.orsum, Dentalium Bonelli in Sismonda, 1842: 25.Tertiary. Piedmont, Italy. Junior synonym ofDentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831 (fide Sismonda624ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)1847: 24; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205), itself a juniorsynonym of Dentalium sexangulum Gmelin,1791 (fide Bernasconi 1996: 26).† orthezense, Dentalium Tournouër, 1873: 466 [40],pl. 6, fig. 12. Eocene. Orthez, Adour Basin, southwesternFrance.† orthoceras, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 225.Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Replacement namefor Entalis filosa de Koninck, 1883, a junior secondaryhomonym of Dentalium filosum Broderip &Sowerby, 1830.orthrum, Dentalium entalis var. Watson, 1879: 512,513. Recent. Type locality not specified. SyntypesBMNH 1887.2.9.18-20 (Setubal, Challenger stn II,470 fms [858 m]; Fayal, Azores, Challenger stn 75,450 fms [821 m]; Prince Edward Island, Challengerstn 145, 150 fms [274 m]). Synonym of Antalisentalis (Linnaeus, 1758).† ortus, Fissidentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Miocene.Locality R, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7272(5) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112,pl. 3). Replacement name for Dentalium tenuistriatumMartin, 1880 non Rouault, 1850.oryx, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 20, pl. 6, fig. 24, textfig.14. Recent. Sunda Islands, Siboga stn 302,10°27.9’S, 123°28.7’E, 216 m. Lectotype ZMA3.06.014 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 205); paralectotypesZMA 3.06.015 (4). Junior synonym:Dentalium paucicontortum Boissevain, 1906 (fideScarabino 1995: 205, by First Reviser action, accordingto ICZN 1999: article 24). Dentalium oryx Boissevain,1906. Indo-Pacific: Africa to Philippines. 216-965 m.osceola, Spirodentalium Walcott, 1890. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† otamaringaensis, Dentalium Marwick, 1926: 326,327, pl. 74, fig. 15. Miocene. Mouth of WaiauStream E to Otamaringa Pa, Waitara SurveyDistrict, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4808;paratypes NZGS (7) (fide Keyes 1972: 96).Dentalium otamaringaense Marwick, 1926 (fide Beu& Maxwell 1990: 424).† otatumei, Dentalium Nagao, 1938: 141, 142, pl. 15[2], figs 11-11b. Cretaceous. Ponporokabetu, nearYubari coal mines, Isikari province, Japan.Holotype Dept. Geol., Hokkaido Univ., No. 8235(fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209).† ottoi, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897: 119; 1898: 211. Oligocene.Joachimsthal and Hermsdorf, Germany. Replacementname for Dentalium compressum Meyer, 1883non d’Orbigny, 1850.† ouachitensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Palmer, 1937: 21,pl. 2, figs 18, 19. Eocene, Lower ClaiborneFormation. PRI Locality 741, Lapiniere Landing,east bank of Ouachita River, Louisiana andColumbus, Louisiana, USA. Syntypes PRI 2644,PRI 2645.ovale, Dentalium “Malm.” – Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:225. Nomen nudum? Remarks: we have not foundthe original description of this species; Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 225) wrote: “Description not seen byus. Jurassic, Dogger: Germany”, and R. Janssen (inlitt.) stated that the putative senior homonymappears to be a manuscript name that was neverdescribed.† ovale, Dentalium Cooke, 1928: 9, pl. 2, fig. 5.Oligocene. Alazan Clay, Rio Buena Vista, west ofAlazan, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Type material USNMPaleobiology 352708.ovalis, Cadulus (Dischides) Boissevain, 1906: 66, textfig.31, pl. 6, fig. 52. Recent. Madura Bay and otherlocalities in the southern part of Molo-strait[Indonesia], Siboga stn 51, 69-91 m. SyntypesZMA 3.06.088-089 (2). Dischides ovalis (Boissevain,1906). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Indonesia. 69-101 m.† ovatum, Dentalium Hu, 1992: 659, figs 9, 14-17,22. Pleistocene. Limestone of Henchun Peninsula,Taiwan. Holotype NMT 1639d; paratypes NMT1639, 1639a-c. Remark: this species probablybelongs to the genus Compressidentalium.† ovosectum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 226. Upper Cretaceous. Tisa [Tyssa],Bohemia, Czech Republic. Replacement name forDentalium glabrum Geinitz, 1839 non Montagu,1803.ovulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1844: 208, 209, pl. 27,fig. 21. Pleistocene near Crotone, Calabria, Italy.Type material not located. Cadulus ovulum(Philippi, 1844) (fide Philippi 1844, who also establishedthe monotypic genus Cadulus for this typespecies). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 982-2643 m. Remark: this may be an fossil species, as DiGeronimo & La Perna (1997: 417, 418) claimedthat reports of Recent specimens in theMediterranean and in the Atlantic are based onreworked fossils or misidentified specimens ofCadulus gibbus Jeffreys, 1883.† ozawai, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Yokoyama,1926: 289, pl. 34, fig. 11. Pliocene, SawanéFormation. Sado Island, Japan. Holotype GIUT(fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210).pachypleurum, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain,1906: 51, text-fig. 26, pl. 5, figs 21, 22. Recent.Locality of syntypes: ZMA 3.06.063 (2; Banda Sea,Siboga stn 208, 5°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA3.06.064 (1; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271, 5°46.7’S,134°0’E, 1788 m). Gadilina pachypleura(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 285).Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 1788-1886 m.pacifica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1311, 1314,pl. 1, figs 3, 4, pl. 2, figs 10, 14. Recent. AleutianTrench, Vitjaz stn 6136 T, 53°25’N, 163°23’W,4180-4186 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (1from stn 5159, 7°36’N, 162°01’W, 4916 m; 3 fromstn 6097, 57°00’N, 148°18.5’W, 4740 m; 1 from6107-1, 57°37.8’N, 143°12’W, 3800 m). Costentalinapacifica Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific:ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)625

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Micronesia; Tasman Sea; Eastern Pacific: Alaska.3253-4916 m.pacificum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873a: 5, 6. Recent.New Zealand. Holotype NMNZ M263 (fideMarshall 1996: 43); paratype ZMB 24023 (fideKilias 1995: 175). Junior synonym of Fissidentaliumzelandicum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Suter1913: 819).† pagellai, Dentalium Negri, 1934: 172, 173, pl. 14,figs 15-17. Paleogene. Gef Gef el-Abiad (Zella-Marada) and Haifàt (Zella-Marada), Libya.pallida, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884:33. Nomen nudum without type locality.† palmerae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 17,text-fig. 8t, u; pl. 1, figs 15, 16, pl. 2, fig. 8. MiddleEocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook MountainFormation, Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff,Brazos River Valley, Burleson County, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180439; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 180440, 180449, PRI 29225,ANSP 31503.† palmerae, Dentalium (Antalis) Garvie, 1996: 46,pl. 9, fig. 2. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, ReklawFormation, Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff onRidge Creek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30313.panamense, Dentalium megathyris var. Dall, 1908: 358.Recent. Gulf of Panama. Syntypes LACM 1836(Isla Malpelo, Colombia, 3241 m), USNM 122975(16; Albatross stn 3381, 4°56’N, 80°52’30”W, 1772fms [3234 m]), USNM 122977 (7) and 594263 (1)(Albatross stn 3361, 6°10’N, 83°06’W, 1471 fms[2685 m]), USNM 122982 (1; Albatross stn 3360,6°17’N, 82°05’W, 1672 fms [3051 m]), SBMNH35019 (1; Albatross stn 3361, 6°10’N, 83°06’W,1471 fms [2685 m]). Synonym of Fissidentaliummegathyris (Dall, 1889).panamensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 191, 192, pl. 36, figs 23-25.Recent. Panama Bay, 51 fms [93 m]. Holotype (ofDentalium corrugatum) BMNH 1857.6.4.881 (fideKeen 1968: 403, text-fig. 24). Replacement namefor Dentalium corrugatum Carpenter, 1857 non corrugatumHupé in Gay, 1854; junior synonym ofGadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1971: 78). Remark:Emerson (1971: 78) erroneously selected a “lectotype”for Cadulus panamensis Pilsbry & Sharp,1898; this action is incorrect under ICZN (1999)article 72.7, since panamensis was a replacementname for corrugatum and thus both taxa have thesame type material. For that reason, the “paralectotypes”of panamensis (e.g., Scott et al. 1990: 18;Boyko & Sage 1996: 30, 31) have no nomenclaturalstatus.pandionis, Cadulus Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880:392. Recent. Off Martha’s Vineyard [Massachusetts],USBF stn 876, 120 fms [219 m].Lectotype USNM 38644 (designated by Johnson1989: 56 as holotype); paralectotypes MCZ 186811(3; USFC stn 877, 126 fms [230 m]), MCZ186812 (1; USFC 873, 100 fms [183 m]), MCZ186813 (2; USFC 871, 115 fms [210 m]), MCZ186814 (USFC stn 870, 155 fms [283 m]). Gadilapandionis (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171). Western Atlantic:New Jersey to Florida (USA). 46-704 m. Remark:Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) placed this speciesin the genus Polyschides.panormitanum, Dentalium “Chenu” – Jeffreys 1883:657. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium panormumChenu. Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54).panormum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 13;1852: 6. Recent. “Fossil”, Sicily [Italy]. Type materialnot located. Junior synonyms: Dentalium pseudoentalisO. G. Costa, 1851; Dentalium arguticostaBrugnone, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54,Bellini 1909: 226). Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54). Eastern Atlantic,Mediterranean: Europe and North Africa. 54-350 m.† parallelum, Dentalium Zinndorf, 1928: 38, pl. 1,fig. 8 [ex Boettger MS]. Oligocene (Rupelton).Offenbach, Germany. Rhabdus parallelus (Zinndorf,1928) (fide Janssen 1978b: 140, 141).† parannulatum, Dentalium n. nom. Eocene.Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Syntype USNMPaleobiology 638812. Replacement name forDentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886 non Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin, 1791.† pardelensis, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, pl. 5,fig. 2. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Punta Pardela, Valdés Peninsula, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-075.† pareorensis, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 211.Miocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri; ChathamIslands; Motanau, New Zealand. Replacementname for Dentalium laevis Hutton, 1873 nonSchlotheim, 1820. Lectotype NZGS TM4812 (designatedby Keyes 1972: 97). Antalis pareorensis(Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990:424).parfaiti, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 104 [exFischer MS]. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonymof Dentalium caudani, a junior synonym ofFissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877).† parianus, Cadulus Guppy in Guppy & Dall, 1896:325, pl. 30, fig. 7. Oligocene. Pointapier, Trinidad.Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 107155 (12).Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 112) cited USNM107155 as the “holotype” but did not specify whichsyntype was to be the holotype, so this does notconstitute a valid lectotype designation.† parisiensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2):372. Eocene. Chaumont, Parnes, Mouchy-le-Châtel, Senlis (Oise), France. Replacement namefor Dentalium semistriatum Deshayes, 1825 non626ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Turton, 1819. Dentalium parisiense d’Orbigny,1850 (fide Deshayes 1864: 210, pl. 2, figs 17-19;Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 211). Remark: a valid speciesof Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995:175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).parisiensis, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 218, 219, pl. 3,figs 18-20. Eocene. Paris Basin (numerous localities),France. Junior synonym of Polyschides denticulatum(Deshayes, 1850) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:238). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 238) erroneouslylisted Dentalium denticulatum Deshayes,“1864” as a junior synonym of this species; in fact,D. denticulatum was described in 1850, not 1864,and the synonymy is herein reversed. Used as a validspecies of Siphonodentalium by Le Renard (1995:175) and Le Renard & Pacaud (1995: 86), whowere unaware that it was a junior synonym.† parkinsoni, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443,pl. 35, fig. 18; 1867: 531. Jurassic. Germany.Remarks: Brauns (1865: 137; 1869: 191) statedthat this species was a junior synonym of Dentaliumentaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 (= Dentaliumoolithicum Piette, 1856). However, that speciesname is a junior homonym of Dentalium entaloidesFleming, 1825. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 226)instead treated Quenstedt’s species as valid.† parvula, Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868: 445, pl. 27,fig. 22. Cretaceous, Valudayur group. Pondicherry,India.† parvulina, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897: 116,pl. 10, figs 74-76 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:98]. Miocene. San Agata, Piedmont, Italy. SyntypesMIGT BS.106.10.010-BS.106.10.012 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 310, pl. 55, figs 13, 14).Cadulus (Cadulus) parvulinus Sacco, 1897 (fideMoroni & Ruggeri 1980: 47, figs 1, 2). Remark:Moroni & Ruggeri (1980: 47, by First Reviseraction) listed Cadulus tumidosus var. perinflataSacco, 1897 as a junior synonym of this species.† parvulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, 108,pl. 12, fig. 16; 1887b: 102, pl. 12, fig. 16. Tertiary.Navidad and Lebu, Chile. Objective junior synonym:Dentalium philippianum Pilsbry & Sharp,1898. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 212)considered this species as congeneric with Fustiariaparvula Stoliczka, 1868 and, therefore, introducedthe replacement name. Although the two speciesbelong to Dentalium and Fustiaria respectively,Philippi’s name cannot be restored according toICZN (1999).parvulum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 585-587,pl. 45, figs 9, 12 [ex J. Buckman MS]. Jurassic,Pliensbachian. Leckhampton Station clay-pit,Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium parvulum Philippi, 1887.Replacement name: Dentalium subparvulumEmerson, 1954.† parvum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 358, 359, pl. 14,fig. 6. Miocene. Menou, near Léognan, France.parvus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 113,114, pl. 18, figs 2, 4. Recent. Off Barbados, Blake,100 fms [183 m]. Holotype USNM 314713;paratype MCZ 48414 (1). Cadulus parvusHenderson, 1920. Western Atlantic: Caribbean,Brazil. 60-219 m. Remarks: Henderson (1920: 113,114) recognized that the original description ofCadulus amiantus Dall, 1889 encompassed twospecies; therefore, he described parvus for thosespecimens of “amiantus” that were not conspecificwith amiantus s.s. Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55)placed this species in the genus Polyschides, althoughthe position of the maximum diameter in the middleof the shell suggests it to belong to Cadulus.passeriniamum, see passerinianum.† passerinianum, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 646, 647,pl. 6, figs 18, 19. Miocene. San Agata, Italy.Remarks: Dentalium striatissimum Doderlein, 1862(nomen nudum) listed in synonymy. Dentaliumpasseriniamum [Sacco, 1897: 96] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling.† patagonicum, Dischides Brunet, 1995: 55, pl. 5,fig. 12. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-082.† patriciae, Laevidentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992:41. Middle Devonian. Grube Rothe Erde, nearGiessen, Germany. Replacement name for Dentaliumrobustum Maurer, 1885 non Brazier, 1877.† patulum, Dentalium Potiez & Michaud, 1838: 545.Cretaceous, Green Sand. Varenne, Meuse, northeasternFrance.paucicontortum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 28, 29,pl. 6, figs 25-28. Recent. Sulu Archipelago [Philippines],Siboga stn 95, 05°43.5’N, 119°40’E,522 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.022 (designated byScarabino 1995: 205); paralectotypes ZMA3.06.023 (34; fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van derBijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.024 (1;stn 105, 6°08’N, 121°19’E, 275 m). Junior synonymof Dentalium oryx Boissevain, 1906 (fideScarabino 1995: 205, by First Reviser action,according to ICZN 1999: article 24).† paucicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897: 108, pl. 9, figs 24-28 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.013 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 307).paucicostatum, Dentalium capillosum var. Watson,1879: 509. Recent. Setubal [Portugal], Challengerstn II, 38°10’N, 9°14’W, 470 fms [858 m].Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.1. Junior synonym:Dentalium exuberans Locard, 1897 (B. Métivier,n. syn.). Fissidentalium paucicostatum (Watson,1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 78). EasternAtlantic: Europe to northern Africa. 403-3650 m.† paucicostulata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, fig. 78 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)627

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.069 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 306).† paucistriata, Pulsellum (Entalina) tetragona var.Sacco, 1897: 114, pl. 10, figs 54, 55 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy(various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.08.008, BS.106.08.009 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 310).† paulini, Dentalium Maury, 1925: 403, 404, pl. 24,fig. 1. Cretaceous. Estacao Agronomica (CamadaNo. 7), Pará, Brasil.† pauperculum, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1860:178. Cretaceous. Lance Formation, Fox HillsSandstone, Moreau River, South Dakota, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 311 (figured byStanton 1920: 34, pl. 6, fig. 6).peitaihoensis, Dentalium King & Ping, 1935: 103-105, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Peitaiho, beach[Beidaihe], China. Type material and type depositorynot specified. Dentalium? peitaihoensis King& Ping, 1935. Indo-Pacific: China. Known fromthe type locality only. Remarks: generic placementuncertain. Figures 1a and 1b resemble fragments orjuveniles of Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) orEpisiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871); figure 1cdepicts a Caecum shell. Moreover, the presence of athick orange to brownish periostracum suggests thatsome of the types do not belong to the Scaphopoda.The authors erroneously classified their new speciesin the “Order Scutibranchiata” which is actually anordinal-level name in the Gastropoda.pelamidae, Polyschides Chistikov, 1979a: 113, 114,fig. 7. Recent. Tonkin, Vietnam, Pelamide stn 46,56 m. Holotype ZIN. Polyschides pelamidaeChistikov, 1979. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to China.31-150 m. Polyschides pelamide [Scarabino 1995:338] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.pelamide, see pelamidae.† pellati, Dentalium Loriol in Loriol & Pellat, 1874:405, pl. 10, figs 36, 37. Upper Jurassic, Portlandian.Ningle, Alpreck, Boulogne-sur-Mer,northern France. Remark: Laevidentalium pellati(Loriol in Loriol & Pellat, 1874), fide Gerasimov(1969: 52).pelliceri, Dentalium (Episiphon) sowerbyi Henderson,1920: 80, 81, pl. 13, figs 7-9. Recent. BahiaHonda, Cuba, Tomas Barrera stn 208, 1-12 fms [2-22 m]. Holotype USNM 314565; paratypesUSNM 314566-314573, ANSP 119157, AMNH148322 (35; stn 203, Cabanas Harbor, Cuba, 3-12 fms [5-22 m]), AMNH 148323 (6). Synonymof Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834).† pellucens, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 214, 215,pl. 1, figs 21-23. Eocene. Paris Basin (Damery,Montmirel, Parnes and Grignon), France. Fustiariapellucens (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Le Renard 1995:175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).pellucidum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† pentagonale, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 226.Triassic. Bavaria, Germany. Replacement name forDentalium quinquangulare Gümbel, 1861 nonForbes, 1844.pentagonum, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 307-312, pl. 7, figs 45-51. Recent. Drøbak, near Oslo;Langesund and Flekkefjord, 50-120 fms [91-219 m]; Lofoten Islands, 50-300 fms [91-548 m][Norway]. Type material not located. Junior synonymof Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) (fideM. Sars 1870: 195, as S. quinquangulare). Remark:in his description, Sars referred to the specimenmisidentified as Dentalium abyssorum juv. (M. Sars1865b: 43, figs 107-109).† peracuta, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897:94, pl. 7, fig. 63 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:97]. Pliocene. Carrú, Italy. Syntype MIGTBS.106.01.013 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:301).† peranulatus, Cadulus Guppy, 1912: 4. Tertiary.Corosal, Trinidad.† perarmatum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 67, pl. 2,figs 39, 40. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Pilsbry& Sharp (1898: 232) questioned the placement ofthis species in the Scaphopoda, because the posteriorspines are unknown in this class.perceptum, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune inRochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 99-100. Recent.Type locality not specified. Syntypes MNHN (2;labelled “Beagle Channel” [Patagonia]). Rhabdusperceptus (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune& Mabille, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 115).Western Atlantic: Argentina; Eastern Pacific: Chile.278-933 m.† perfragile, Dentalium (Pulsellum) Koenen, 1892:986, 987, pl. 59, figs 17, 18. Lower Oligocene.Lattorf, Westeregeln and Helmstadt, Germany.† perigonicum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15].Miocene. Monte Gibio, Modena, Italy.perinflata, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897: 116,pl. 10, fig. 77 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:98]. Miocene. San Agata, Piedmont, Italy. SyntypeMIGT BS.106.10.013 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 310). Junior synonym of Cadulus (Cadulus)parvulinus Sacco, 1897 (fide Moroni & Ruggeri1980: 47, figs 1, 2, as First Reviser action).† perinii, Dentalium Malaroda, 1951: 190, 191, pl. 5,fig. 23, pl. 7, fig. 19. Eocene. Monteccio, Costozza,Colli Berici, near Vicenza, Italy. Holotype Museodell’Istituto Geologia dell’Università di Padova.perinvolutum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook,1954: 101, 102, fig. 7. Recent. Gulf of Aden, JohnMurray Exp. stn 185, 13°48’N, 49°16’E, 2000 m.Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.65. Antalis perinvoluta(Ludbrook, 1954) (fide Scarabino 1995: 233).Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Indonesia and Australia.918-2000 m.† perlaevis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897:99, pl. 8, fig. 18 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:628ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Lectotype MIGTBS.106.02.012 (designated by Bonci et al. 2000:228, 229); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.005-BS.106.02.007, MIGT BS.106.02.007/01 (34),MIGT BS.106.02.007/02 (36), MIGT BS.106.02.014/01 (14), MIGT BS.106.02.012/01 (25) (fideBonci et al. 2000: 228).perlongum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 36. Recent. Northof Yucatan Bank, Blake stn 33, 24°01’N, 88°58’W,1568 fms [2868 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7752 (designatedby Turner 1955: 319 as “holotype”); paralectotypesMCZ 7660 (1), MCZ 7661 (1; Blakestn 41), MCZ 7663 (1; Blake stn 46), MCZ 7664(3; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]). Graptacmeperlonga (Dall, 1881) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307).Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (USA)to Brazil. 200-4850 m. Remark: Henderson (1920:caption to pl. 9, fig. 1) stated “selected type,99 mm”, however, none of the then-syntype specimensis over 80 mm in length, hence Henderson’sstatement does not constitute a valid lectotypeselection.† perplexa, Gadila Boettger, 1907: 211, 212.Miocene. Valea Semini and Valea Casilor, Kostej,Banat, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.5a (designatedby Zilch 1934: 278, pl. 22, fig. 23).perpusillum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Puerto Solango,Colombia [Eastern Pacific]. Lectotype BMNH1950.10.10.1-5 (best preserved specimen, lenght =7.2 mm, of 5 shells glued to a wooden block) (designatedby Emerson 1971) and 4 paralectotypes.Junior synonyms: Dentalium corrugatum Carpenter,1857 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 192); Cadulus(Gadila) panamensis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898 (fide Emerson 1971: 78). Gadila perpusilla(Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 190). Eastern Pacific:Baja California to Panama, Galapagos Islands,?Ecuador. 18-120 m.† perrilliatae, Tesseracme n. nom. Middle Miocene.Stns 9995 and 23737, Santa Rosa, Veracruz,Mexico. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 350085;paratypes UNAM 2520. Replacement name forDentalium (Tesseracme) mexicanum Perrilliat, 1975non Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909.† perseveratum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, 50,pl. 5, fig. 4. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-077.† perstriolata, Dentalium (Antale) vulgare var. Sacco,1897: 98, pl. 8, figs 1-5 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Pliocene. Bordighera, Astigiana andVezza d’Alba, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.001, BS.106.02.002 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 303).pertracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Plate,1908a: 357, 358, pl. 30. figs 45, 46. Recent. NiasNorth Channel (15 sm [= nautical miles] South ofBangkam), Valdivia stn 203, 1°47.1’N, 96°58.7’E,660 m. Lectotype ZMB 61099a (designated byKilias 1995: 175); paralectotypes ZMB 61099b (1),ZMB 63839 (1; between Cocos Island andSumatra, Valdivia stn 185, 3°41.3’S, 100°59.5’E,614 m). Plagioglypta pertracheata (Plate, 1908)(fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to New Caledonia. 460-1740 m.peruvianum, Dentalium Dall, 1908: 358. Recent. OffPeru, Albatross stn 4656, 6°55’S, 83°34’W,2222 fms [4055 m]. Holotype USNM 110667;paratype USNM 110666 (Albatross stn 4649, fideKabat 1996: 17). Fissidentalium peruvianum (Dall,1908) n. comb. (V. Scarabino in litt. 6.III.2000).Eastern Pacific: Peru. 40-4085 m.peruvianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Dall, 1908: 361. Recent.Off Point Aguja, Peru, Albatross stn 4654, 1036 fms[1885 m]. Lectotype USNM 110671 (designatedby Keen 1971: 965 as “holotype” in caption to figure21); paralectotypes USNM 122806 (Albatrossstn 2807, fide Kabat 1996: 17), USNM 602250;MCZ 27972. Gadila peruviana (Dall, 1908).Eastern Pacific: Peru. 1484-1894 m.† petricola, Dentalium Dall, 1909: 136. Miocene.Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon; Clallam Bay,Washington, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology3481. Rhabdus petricola (Dall, 1909) (fide Emerson1958: 93). Remark: because Dall considered Dentaliumsubstriatum (Conrad, 1849) to encompasstwo species, he proposed this name for the smoothform, and Dentalium conradi Dall [= Dentaliumpseudonyma Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898] for the striatedform; see Emerson (1958) and Moore (1963: 50,51) for further discussion.† peyreirense, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann &Peyrot, 1917: 166, 167, pl. 1, figs 32, 33. Neogene,Helvetian and Tortonian. Peyrère, Saint-Étienned’Ortheand Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq, France.phaneum, Dentalium Dall, 1895: 686, pl. 26, fig. 1.Recent. Hawaii, Albatross stn 3476, 21°09’N,157°53’E, 298 fms [545 m]; Albatross stn 3475,21°08’N, 157°43’E, 351 fms [641 m]. SyntypesUSNM 107025 (3; stn 3476), USNM 107026 (11;stn 3475). Antalis phanea (Dall, 1895) (fideScarabino 1995: 233). Indo-Pacific: New Caledoniato French Polynesia and Hawaii. 545-860 m.Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) statedthat the type material comprises two species, thesecond potentially new.† phenax, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 472, 473,pl. 11, figs 23, 24. Oligocene. Domincan Republic.Type material ANSP 2883 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400).philcolmani, Tesseracme Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 77,figs 76B, 77C, D, 79, 81A-D. Recent. 13 km NE ofRedcliff Point, Bernier Island, Australia, 24°54’S,113°17.75’E, 22.5 m. Holotype WAM 233/94;paratypes WAM 118-93 (3), AMS C173310 (1;18.5 km NNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia,19°30.31’S, 118°52.49’E, 40 m), AMS C174539ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)629

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.(1; 50 miles NNE of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 19°29.2-5’S, 118°52.5-3’E , 40-41 m),AMS C174543 (1; N of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 19°29.9-4’S, 118°52.0-3’E, 37 m), AMSC174548 (2; N of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 19°30.5-31.0’S, 118°49.5’E, 39-41 m),AMS C174547 (1; N of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 19°30.5-31.0’S, 118°49.5’E, 39-41 m),AMS C174645 (2; N of Port Hedland, 19°29.6-9’S, 118°51.7-0’E, 40-41 m). Tesseracme philcolmaniLamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific:Western Australia. 40-124 m.† philippi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 17;1850: 6. Miocene or Pliocene. Italy.philippi, Dentalium Monterosato, 1872: 27. Tertiary.Sicily, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium philippiChenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium rectumvar. monterosatoi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentaliumstriatum Lamarck, 1818 by Philippi (1844).philippii, Dentalium Cossmann, 1907c: 202. Tertiary.Navidad, Chile. Unnecessary replacement name forDentalium gracile Philippi, 1887 non Moore, 1866non Hall & Meek, 1855. Junior objective synonymof Dentalium navidadense Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.Junior homonym of Dentalium philippi Chenu,1843 and Monterosato, 1872.philippianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 212.Tertiary. Navidad and Lebu, Chile. Objective juniorsynonym of Dentalium parvulum Philippi,1887. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 212) consideredDentalium parvulum Philippi, 1887 as congenericwith Fustiaria parvula Stoliczka, 1868 and,therefore, introduced D. philippianum as a replacementname. Although the two species belong toDentalium and Fustiaria respectively, Philippi’sname cannot be restored according to ICZN (1999).philippinarum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 98, 99,pl. 225, fig. 54. Recent. Island of Samar,Philippines. Type material not located. Junior synonymof Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus,1767) (fide Scarabino 1995: 291).† phoenicea, Cadulus Gardner, 1933: 199, 200, pl. 20,fig. 2. Eocene, Midway Group, Kincaid Formation.USGS Station 5282, clay from bluff at Webberville,Travis County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNMPaleobiology 370996.pichoni, Episiphon Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 134, figs135E, 136G, 140. Recent. Off Cairns, northernQueensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m.Holotype QM MO40064; paratypes QMMO40068 (44), QM MO40065 (32), QMMO40066 (180), AMS C172490 (1; SE of SwainsReefs, Queensland, 22°26.27-20.2’S, 153°17.13-17.6’E, 187 m), AMS C172479 (1; c. 160 km N ofCroker Island, Northern Territory, 9°30’S,132°34’E). Episiphon pichoni Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia.18-351 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001)suggested that the status of E. pichoni Lamprell &Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Gadilina insolita (E.A. Smith,1894) requires further research.picteti, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897:22, 23, pl. 11, fig. 87 [ex Deshayes MS]. Recent.West Indies “?”. Syntype MHNG 1155/15. Juniorsynonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu,1843) (fide Henderson 1920: 28; fide Scarabino1975: 183).† pictile, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899:263, pl. 8, fig. 8. Oligocene. Table Cape, Tasmania,Australia. Holotype and paratype SAM T 1608.Laevidentalium pictile Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook1959: 146, pl. 2, fig. 4).† pilsbryi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925:209, 210, pl. 28, fig. 10. Miocene. Bowden,Jamaica. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 352726.pilsbryi, Dentalium (Antalis) Rehder, 1942: 69.Recent. Brazil. Holotype (of pseudohexagonumHenderson) USNM 225817. Replacement namefor Dentalium pseudohexagonum Henderson, 1920non Arnold, 1903. Antalis pilsbryi (Rehder, 1942).Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil.0-15 m.pistis, Dentalium (Graptacme) Winckworth, 1940: 43,fig. 6. Recent. Madras [Chennai, southern India].Holotype BMNH 1940.7.22.7; paratypes(?) MAM.Paradentalium pistis (Winckworth, 1940) (fideScarabino 1995: 222). Indian Ocean: India. Nobathymetric information available.† planatum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 84. Miocene.Castell’Arquato, between Parma and Piacenza,Italy.† planicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897: 108, pl. 9, figs 29, 30 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.014 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 307).† planicostatum, Dentalium Hébert, 1855: 374,pl. 29, fig. 11. Cretaceous. Meudon, France.planum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.platamodes, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 519, 520[Watson 1886: 13, pl. 2, fig. 4]. Recent. WestIndies: Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24,18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m].Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.61-62 (3). Junior synonym:Entalina quadrata Henderson, 1920 (fideEmerson 1952a: 7, 8; Scarabino 1975: 181).Entalina platamodes (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 133). Western Atlantic, Caribbean:Florida to Brazil. 200-1400 m.platei, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311, fig. 9.Recent. Cape Agulhas, South Africa, Valdivia stn109, 35°19’S, 20°12’E, 126 m. Holotype ZMB75376. Cadulus platei Jaeckel, 1932. Known fromthe type locality only.platei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jaeckel, 1932: 303,304, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Southwest Africa,630ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Valdivia stn 104, 35°16’S, 22°26,7’E, 155 m.Holotype ZMB 75386; paratypes ZMB 78431,ZMB 75387 (1; South Africa, Valdivia stn 84,16°26.5’S, 11°41.5’E, no depth given; fide Kilias1995: 176). Junior synonym of Fissidentaliumexasperatum (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Barnard 1963a:347).platensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 147,148, pl. 20, fig. 1. Recent. Off Rio de la Plata,USBF stn 2764, 36°42’S, 56°23’W, 11.5 fms[21 m; an obvious error as the coordinates indicatea depth of around 2000 m; V. Scarabino pers.comm.]. Holotype USNM 887476; paratypesUSNM 95447, USNM 108172, USNM 108279,USNM 330845, AMNH 148340 (1; offFernandina, Florida, USBF 2668, 294 fms [537 m];fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 31). Cadulus platensisHenderson, 1920. Western Atlantic: Georgia(USA) to Brazil. 538-1857 m.platyceras, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp & Pilsbryin Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 126, 127, pl. 22, figs 58-60. Recent. Port Stephens, Salamander Bay, NewSouth Wales, Australia, 7-15 m [type locality pursuantto ICZN 1999: article 76.2]. LectotypeANSP 35565 (designated by Lamprell & Healy,1998: 147); paralectotypes ANSP 35565 (17), AMSC55085 (7; Salamander Bay, Port Stephens, NewSouth Wales, 24 m), AMS C11721 (7; SalamanderBay, Port Stephens, New South Wales, 15-20 m).Compressidens platyceras (Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Scarabino 1995: 370).Pacific Ocean: southeastern Australia. 7-2900 m.platypleurum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tomlin,1931: 339, 340. Recent. Off Itongazi River, Natal[South Africa], 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype SAFMA3631. Fissidentalium platypleurum (Tomlin,1931). Known from the type locality only.platystoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:180, pl. 35, figs 17, 18. Recent. Off Manta,Ecuador, USFC stn 2792, 0°37’S, 81°00’W,401 fms [733 m]. Holotype USNM 107699.Gadila platystoma (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Knownfrom the type locality only.† playagrandensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964:131, 132, pl. 18, figs 17, 18. Pliocene, Playa GrandeFormation. Stn W-24, Quebrada Las Pailas,Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26898.† pleiocenum, Dentalium Tuomey & Holmes, 1856:105, 106, pl. 25, fig. 2. Pliocene. Pee Dee, SouthCarolina, USA.† pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897: 107, 108, pl. 9, fig. 21 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Vezza d’Alba, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.011 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 307).† pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco,1897: 110, pl. 10, fig. 3. Pliocene. Piacentino andRio Torsero, Liguria, Italy. Syntype MIGTBS.106.03.034 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:308). Remark: if both of Sacco’s (1897) “pliocenica”taxa prove valid species of Fissidentalium (as suggestedby the current placement of the species theywere described as varieties of) this one will have tobe renamed as a junior homonym.† pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinatasubsp. Koperberg, 1931: 33. Pliocene. Locality 6,“Nono Fatoe Fekoe (Toi Oesapi Soka),” Timor.Junior homonym of Dentalium (Entalis) badensisvar. pliocenica Sacco, 1897 and D. (Entalis) rectavar. pliocenica Sacco, 1897. Remark: if both ofSacco’s (1897) “pliocenica” taxa prove to be validspecies, Koperberg’s species will have to be renamedas since it is a junior homonym.pluricostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 30, pl. 6,figs 6, 7. Recent. Indonesia, Buton Strait, Sibogastn 204, 04°20’S, 122°58’E, 75-94 m. LectotypeZMA 3.06.027 (designated by Scarabino 1995:207); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.025 (1; BougainvilleStrait, stn 153, 0°3.8’N, 130°24.3’E,141 m), ZMA 3.06.026 (3, fide R. Moolenbeek &A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000; probably2 specimens lost). Dentalium pluricostatumBoissevain, 1906. Indo-Pacific: East Africa toPhilippines. 9-240 m.plurifissuratum, Schizodentalium Sowerby, 1894: 158,159, pl. 12, fig. 24. Recent. Hong Kong (probablyerroneous, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 83, 84, andfide Scarabino 1995: 257). Lectotype BMNH1895.4.29.179 (designated by Sowerby 1903: 231;as “the type”); paralectotypes BMNH 1895.4.29.180, 181 (2). Schizodentalium plurifissuratumSowerby, 1894. South Africa. 80-564 m. Remark:Sowerby (1894: 159) was uncertain about the originof the specimens. The subsequently reportedmaterial from South Africa renders Hong Kong anunlikely type locality.pluteum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Colman, 1958:143, 144, fig. 8. Recent. Off Woollongong, NewSouth Wales, Australia, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotypeand 4 paratypes AMS C18217. Junior synonym ofLaevidentalium erectum (Sowerby, 1860) (fideLamprell & Healy 1998: 109).poculum, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 429. Recent. OffSt Vincent, West Indies, Blake stn 226, 13°09’05”N,61°16’20”W, 424 fms [774 m; 646 fms in error inoriginal description]. Lectotype USNM 95374(designated by Henderson 1920: 109); paralectotypesUSNM 887461 (1), MCZ 7743 (1; Cape SanAntonio, 640 fms [1168 m]). Polyschides poculum(Dall, 1889) n. comb. Western Atlantic, Caribbean.774-1168 m. Remark: Turner (1955: 319)erroneously stated that MCZ 7743 was the“holotype”.podagrinus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 148,149, pl. 20, fig. 5. Recent. Off English Harbor,Antigua, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM596597; paratypes USNM 314935. Junior synonym:Cadulus halius Henderson, 1920 (n. syn., byZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)631

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article24). Cadulus podagrinus Henderson, 1920.Known from the type locality only.politum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1264 [citingGualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. F]. Recent(?). Indian Oceanand Sicily. Syntypes LS 614 (2), ZMUU 1012.Fustiaria polita (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 128). Indian Ocean. Remarks:Deshayes (1861: 216) considered Linnaeus’ specimenslikely to be fossil. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897:128) identified as Dentalium (Fustiaria) politumRecent specimens which Deshayes (1825: 368) andSowerby (1860: 99) had reported as Laevidentaliumeburneum (Linnaeus, 1767).politum, Dentalium Blainville, 1819: 70, nonLinnaeus, 1767. Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris(Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42).politus, Ditrupa S. Wood, 1842: 459, pl. 5, fig. 14.Coralline Crag (Pliocene), Sutton, England, UnitedKingdom. Type material not located. Junior synonym:Dentalium bifissum S. Wood, 1848 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144). Dischides politus(S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144).Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 9-324 m.politus, Gadus Benoist, 1873: 268, 269. Miocene.Giraudeau, Lagus and Pont-Pourquey, France.Junior secondary homonym of Cadulus politus(S. Wood, 1842). Replacement name: Siphonodentalium(Dischides) subpolitum Cossmann &Peyrot, 1917.polycostatum, Striodentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 119,120, fig. 12. Recent. East China Sea, 184 m. Typesin IOS(?). Striodentalium polycostatum Qi & Ma,1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 184 m.† polyedrum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 275.Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio, Calabria,Italy.† polygonum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844: 201, 202.Cretaceous. Wollenitz and Priesen a/d Eger,Bohemia, Czech Republic.polygonum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 267. Oligocene.Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Doubtful syntypeUSNM Paleobiology 481673 (1) (fide MacNeil &Dockery 1984: 247). Junior homonym ofDentalium polygonum Reuss, 1844. Replacementname: Dentalium casey: n. nom. Remarks: there is ahandwritten label in the type lot, with no author,stating that the “specimen associated with this numberis not the specimen described 9/8/64 [8 Sept.1964]”. MacNeil & Dockery (1984: 247, pl. 67,figs 10-13) redescribed this fossil and treated it as avalid species of Dentalium.† polypleurum, Dentalium Seifert, 1959: 25, 26, pl. 1,figs 5, 6. Oligocene. Hoerstgen, Kapellen, Rossenray,Sternberger Gestein, Germany. Holotype KielGeologisches Institut No. 738; paratype KielGeologisches Institut No. 739.† poncensis, Cadulus Maury, 1920: 47, pl. 7, fig. 13.Tertiary. Maury stn 283, near Ponce, Puerto Rico.ponderi, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 83,84, figs 82A, 83A, 84. Recent. Off Newcastle, NewSouth Wales, Australia, 32°59’S, 152°33.5’E,444 m. Holotype AMS C174624; paratypes AMSC173468 (1), AMS C307826 (2; NE of Woollongong,New South Wales, 34°18-24’S, 151°26-21’E,457-484 m), SAM D 18888 (2; 50 km E of GaboIsland, Victoria, Australia, 37°37’S, 150°17’E, 436m). Fissidentalium ponderi Lamprell & Healy,1998. Pacific Ocean, Tasman Sea: southernAustralia. 82-770 m.† ponderosum, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244, 245.Tertiary. Dominican Republic. Type materialANSP 2708 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). Tesseracmedissimilis var. ponderosum (Gabb, 1873) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898a: 470, pl. 10, figs 1-3, pl. 11, figs 15,16).porcatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent.Hong Kong Harbor [China]. Lectotype MCZ169304 (designated by Johnson 1964: 130 as holotype);paralectotypes USNM 24142 (2). Antalisporcata (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995: 228).Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Hong Kong. 75-90 m.Remark: the lectotype is missing, with a note in thetray saying “Specimen missing 8-15-77”.† porterensis, Dentalium Weaver, 1912: 79, pl. 13,fig. 113. Lower Miocene, Blakeley Formation.U.W. [University of Washington] Loc. 90, W ofPorter, on bluff on north side of Chehalis River,Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA.Holotype CAS 7517 (fide Weaver 1942: 268).Remarks: the type locality was originally indicatedas from Chehalis County, and corrected by Weaver(1942) to Grays Harbor County. The holotype ofthis species was formerly WSM 81 (“U.W. 81”),but many of the Weaver types were subsequentlytransferred to the CAS (R. Eng in litt. 29.VI.2001).† portlocki, Dentalium Tate, 1870b: 17, pl. 1, fig. 15.Replacement name for Dentalium tenue Portlock,1843 non Goldfuss, 1841. Jurassic, Liassic.Aghanloo, Ballymaglin and Ballycarton; Magilligan,Craig and Gortmore, Ireland. Holotype Museum ofPractical Geology, London, No. 5799 (fideRichardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?). Richardsonalso designated this specimen as the neotype ofLaevidentalium minimum (Buckman in Murchison,1845). Junior objective synonym of Laevidentaliumminimum (Buckman in Murchison, 1845).Remark: Woodward (1893: 352) listed this name asa junior synonym of Dentalium etalense Terquem &Piette, 1865, but without any explanation.portoricense, Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii Henderson,1920: 30, 31, pl. 2, fig. 5. Recent. MayaguezHarbor, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25-30 fms[46-55 m]. Holotype USNM 161568. Subspeciesof Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889.portoricensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:115, 116, pl. 18, fig. 6. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor,Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m].632ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Holotype USNM 314712. Polyschides portoricensis(Henderson, 1920) n. comb. Western Atlantic,Caribbean. 46-86 m.† potiezi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994: 39.Eocene. Grignon, France. For Dentalium sulcatumLamarck, 1818 non Schumacher, 1817. Dentaliumpotiezi Le Renard, 1994 (fide Le Renard 1995: 175;Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).potteri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 53, 54, figs 44E, 45E, 50A-C, 51. Recent.Off Cairns, northern Queensland, 17°50.67’S,147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO17888;paratypes QM MO17732 (5), QM MO17766(1; 17°51’S, 147°18’E, north Queensland, 703 m),AMS C201739 (1; 17°51’S, 147°18’E, northQueensland, 703 m). Dentalium potteri Lamprell& Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia.410-703 m.† praecursor, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898a: 472, pl. 11, figs 12-14. Oligocene.Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2717(fide Pilsbry 1922: 400).praecursor, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904: 312, 313[description; 1903: 283 name only]. Tertiary.Hélouan and Wadi el Fih, Egypt. Junior homonymof Dentalium praecursor Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898;junior synonym of Dentalium kahirahenseCossmann, 1901 (fide Oppenheim 1906: 214,215).† praetenuis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1952: 143, pl. 34,figs 7-9. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian,Woodbine Formation. Grayson County Locality154, gullies south of the old Sherman road,2.8 miles E of Whitesboro, Grayson County, Texas,USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105616;paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105616-105618.pressum, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 124, 125, pl. 22, figs 50-52,pl. 7, fig. 11. Recent. Culebra Island, West Indies,Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W,390 fms [712 m]. Holotype (of compressum Watson)BMNH 1887.2.9.35. Replacement name forDentalium compressum Watson, 1879 non d’Orbigny,1850. Compressidens pressum (Sharp & Pilsbryin Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Western Atlantic: BlakePlateau (off the USA coast between Cape Hatterasand Florida) to Brazil. 170-1430 m.pretiosum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 97, pl. 225,fig. 57 [ex Nuttall MS]. Recent. California.Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.4-7. Junior synonyms:Dentalium indianorum Carpenter, 1864; Antaliscolumbiana Clessin, 1896; A. denseliratum Pilsbry& Sharp, 1898 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45,1898: 250). Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 44). Eastern Pacific: Canadato California. 2-152 m.† primarium, Dentalium Hall, 1858: 666, pl. 23,fig. 16. Carboniferous. Warsaw Group, HancockCounty, Illinois, USA.prionotum, Siphonodentalium Watson, 1879: 522, 523[Watson 1886: 16, pl. 2, fig. 9]. Recent. RaineIsland, Cape York, Queensland, Australia,Challenger stn 185, 11°35’S, 143°03’E, 155 fms[283 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.52.9.67 (designatedby Ludbrook 1954: 116); paralectotypesBMNH 1887.52.9.68 (3). Dischides prionotus(Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 146).Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Madagascar to Australia. 8-284 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 167)independently selected the same lectotype.† priscum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166,fig. 3 [ex Münster MS]. Carboniferous. Tournay,Belgium. Remark: as nomen nudum in Sandberger(1842: 399).† prisma, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 442, pl. 15, fig. 5.Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River, Florida, USA.Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112742 (3 + fragments).Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 220) citedUSNM 112742 as the “holotype” but did not specifywhich syntype was to be the holotype, so thisdoes not constitute a valid lectotype designation.† prismaticum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 117,pl. 11, figs 49, 49a. Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy.profundorum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 167,168, pl. 4, fig. 18. Recent. Colombo, Sri Lanka,India, Investigator stn 167, 6°32’N, 79°37’E,675 fms [1234 m]. Lectotype ZSI M60/1 (fide labelin BMNH) or ZSI 4120/7 (fide list at BMNH)(designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 93 as holotype);paralectotypes BMNH 1894.9.11.11. Juniorsynonym: Fissidentalium lima Kuroda & Habe inHabe, 1963 (fide Habe 1964: 13). Fissidentaliumprofundorum (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 79). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Japanand New Caledonia. 40-3560 m.† proliferum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 5;1850: 6. Pliocene/Miocene. Italy.promontorii, Cadulus Barnard, 1963b: 353, fig. 30h-l(nomen nudum in Barnard 1963a: 446). Recent. OffCape Point, South Africa, 700 fms [1278 m].Syntypes SAFM A7460 (4; fide Giles & Gosliner1983: 41), NMW. Siphonodentalium promontorii(Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 331). SouthAfrica. 850-1280 m.propinquus, Cadulus G. O. Sars, 1878: 106, 107,pl. 20, fig. 15a, b, pl. I, fig. 5. Recent. Finmark andwest coast of Norway, 100-450 fms [183-821 m].Syntypes ZMO 26071-72. Cadulus propinquusG. O. Sars, 1878. Eastern Atlantic: Europe andNorth Africa. 60-2300 m.† prosperus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Marwick, 1931: 159,pl. 18, fig. 346. Miocene, Tongaporutuan, Ihungiaand Tutamoe Series. Waikohu, New Zealand.Holotype NZGS TM4816 (fide Keyes 1972: 97).Striocadulus prosperus (Marwick, 1931) (fide Beu &Maxwell 1990: 424).† prosseri, Plagioglypta Morningstar, 1922: 245, 246,pl. 16, figs 3, 4. Carboniferous, Lower Pennsylvanian.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)633

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Lower Mercer Limestone (Perry County, MuskingumCounty and Licking County); McArthurLimestone (Jackson County and Vinton County),Ohio, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology340010 (1) (Bald Knob, 2 miles southeast ofNewark, Licking County, Ohio).† proteiforme, Dentalium Cossmann, 1910: 81, 82,pl. 5, figs 26-28. Pliocene. Kariakal [Karikal], India.Three syntypes stated to be in the Bonnet collection.† proterum, Dentalium (Dentalium) armillatum subsp.Woodring, 1973: 482, pl. 71, figs 8, 17. LateOligocene, Caimito Formation. USGS locality18841, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646697.Synonym of Dentalium armillatum Toula, 1911.† protuberans, Pipadentalium Yoo, 1988: 249, 250,figs 152-154. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian,Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3,2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New SouthWales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61998; paratypeAMS F.61999 (1).providensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:122, pl. 18, fig. 14. Recent. Off Old ProvidenceIsland, Bahamas, USBF stn 2150, 13°34’45”N,81°21’10”W, 382 fms [696 m]. Holotype USNM94055; paratypes USNM 108176, AMNH 148352(1; USBF stn 2668, 294 fms [537 m]; fide Boyko &Sage 1996: 31). Gadila providensis (Henderson,1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 536-696 m.Remark: the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymywith Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355).† prudens, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, pl. 5, fig. 3.Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. BalizaPunta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-076.† pseudacutum, Fissidentalium novaki subsp. R. Janssen,1989: 81, 82, pl. 1, figs 1-12. Middle Oligocene,Rupelian. Welschberg, near Waldböckelheim,Mainzer Becken, Germany. Holotype SMF308300; paratypes SMF 308301/6, SMF308302/7, SMF 308303/25, SMF 308304/100,RGM 229723/10.† pseudaprina, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var.Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, figs 59, 60 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (variouslocalities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.051,BS.106.02.052 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:305).† pseudellipticum, Laevidentalium n. nom. LowerOligocene. Lattorf, Germany. Replacement namefor Dentalium (Laevidentalium) ellipticum Koenen,1892 non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814.† pseudoantalis, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345 [originalspelling pseudo-antalis]. Tertiary. Grignon,France. Junior synonym: Dentalium pseudoentalisDefrance, 1819 (fide Deshayes 1825: pl. 1, figs 4-6). Remarks: a valid species of Dentalium(Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard& Pacaud 1995: 85). Dentalium pseudoentalis[Defrance, 1819: 72] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.† pseudobouei, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897: 108, pl. 9, fig. 23 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.012 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 307).† pseudocircinata, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968: 235,236, pl. 1, fig. 2 [original spelling pseudo-circinata].Eocene, Upper Lutetian, Paris Basin. Montmirail,Seine-et-Marne, France. Fustiaria pseudocircinataGougerot, 1968 (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; LeRenard & Pacaud 1995: 85).pseudoentalis, see pseudoantalis.pseudoentalis, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 17, 18,pl. 1, fig. 2. Recent. “Golfo Tarantino” [Italy].Type material not located. Junior synonym ofAntalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 54; as “pseudo-antalis” non Lamarck,1818; misspelling corrected by Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 250).† pseudofissura, Dentalium (Antalis) R. Janssen, 1978a:14-16, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 4, fig. 1; 1978b: 139, 140,pl. 9, fig. 3. Upper Oligocene. Kasseler Meeressand,Tagebau Höllkopf, near Glimmerode, Niederhessen,Germany. Holotype SMF 245901 ; paratypesSMF 245902, SMF 245903. For Dentaliumfissura auct. (reported from the Upper Oligocene)non Lamarck, 1818.pseudohexagonum, Dentalium Arnold, 1903: 186, 187,pl. 8, figs 12, 12a [ex Dall MS]. Pliocene (San PedroSeries) and Pleistocene. Deadman Island; San Pedro;San Diego, California. Junior synonym of Dentaliumneohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1897. Remark: Arnold described this taxon asa new species, even though he listed D. neohexagonumas a synonym; thus, Arnold’s name was publishedin synonymy and is, thus, not available.pseudohexagonum, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson,1920: 46, 47, pl. 6, figs 1-3 [ex Ihering MS].[Recent]. Brazil. Holotype USNM 225817. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium pseudohexagonum Arnold,1903; replacement name: Dentalium (Antalis) pilsbryiRehder, 1941: 96. Antalis pilsbryi Rehder,1942 (fide Scarabino 1975: 183).pseudohexagonum “Deshayes, 1825”, see pseudosexagonum.† pseudohungaricus, Cadulus (Gadila) Szöts, 1953: 81[Hungarian], 203 [French], pl. 7, figs 53, 54.Eocene. Gánti-szölök, Hosszúharasztos and Újfeltárás,Hungary. Lectotype Hungarian GeologicalInstitute E.180 (designated by Boda 1964: 67 as“holotype”). Remark: this species was describedfrom three localities in Hungary. Boda (1964: 67),by stating that the specimen from Hosszúharasztoswas the holotype, selected that specimen as the lectotypeand restricted the type locality.pseudolivi, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 73, 74,pl. 6, fig. 67, text-fig. 36. Recent. Banda Sea, Siboga634ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)stn 211, 05°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E, 1158 m. HolotypeZMA 3.06.101. Gadila pseudolivae (Boissevain,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 364). Known fromtype locality only. Remark: holotype incorrectlycited as a syntype by Scarabino (1995: 364) (fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt.23.VI.2000).† pseudomutabile, Lentigodentalium R. Janssen, 1989:85, 86, pl. 1, figs 10-13. Miocene, Hemmoorian/Reinbekian. Twistringen, Niedersachsen, Germany.Holotype SMF 308312; paratypes SMF 308313,SMF 308314, SMF 308315/50; RGM 227725.† pseudonyma, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:213. Miocene. Astoria, Oregon, USA. Type specimenlost. Moore (1963: 50) selected the illustrationin Conrad (1849: pl. 20, fig. 7a) as the lectotype ofthis species. Replacement name for Teredo substriataConrad, 1849 non Dentalium substriatumDeshayes, 1825. Remark: Dentalium conradi Dall,1909, an unnecessary replacement name, is a juniorsynonym; see Emerson (1958) for further discussion.† pseudorakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium)Eames, 1952: 6, pl. 1, figs 3a, 3b. Eocene. RakhiaNala section, Upper Chocolate Clays, near RakhiGaj, Pakistan. Holotype BMNH G.68014.pseudosexagonum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 358[38], pl. 16, figs 14-16. Recent. Type locality notspecified. Lectotype and 5 paralectotypes MNHN(designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 63).Paradentalium pseudosexagonum (Deshayes,1825). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to China Sea andAustralia. 3-499 m. Dentalium (Paradentalium)pseudohexagonum “Deshayes, 1825” [Habe &Kosuge, 1964: 1] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.† pukaea, Fissidentalium Maxwell, 1992: 185, pl. 30,figs a-d. Eocene. NZGS localities GS9508 and GS11200, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge,South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGSTM7225; numerous paratypes, NZGS.pulcherrimus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 74,75, pl. 6, figs 58, 59, text-fig. 38. Recent. FloresSea, Siboga stn 314, 07°36’S, 117°30.8’E, 694 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.104 (designated by Scarabino1995: 334); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.105 (5).Striocadulus pulcherrimus (Boissevain, 1906) (fideScarabino 1995: 334). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia.530-694 m.† pulchrum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1911: 30, 31, pl. 1,fig. 38. Tertiary. Seymour Island, Antarctica. HolotypeSMNH 2968 (fide Stilwell & Zinsmeister1992: 173). Dentalium (Dentalium) pulchrumWilckens, 1911 (fide Stilwell & Zinsmeister 1992:173, 174).punctatostriatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 274.Triassic. Lodensee, Germany. Nomen nudum.pusillum, Dentalium Philippi, 1836. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.pusillum, Dentalium (Ditrupa “?”) Gabb, 1864: 139,pl. 21, fig. 99. Cretaceous. NE of Martinez; AlizosCreek, near Fort Téjon; and Tuscan Springs,California, USA. Lectotype ANSP 79582 (designatedby Emerson 1957: 988, 989, pl. 26, figs 1, 5)(from Martinez); paralectotype ANSP 79583.Junior homonym of Dentalium pusillum Philippi,1836. Replacement name: Cadulus gabbi Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898. Remark: Gabb (1869: 230) transferredthis species to “Gadus”.pusillum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 520 [Watson1886: 14, pl. 2, fig. 6]. Recent. Palma, Canaries,Challenger stn 85, 28°42’N, 18°06’W, 1125 fms[2025 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.64 (2).Pulsellum pusillum (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 140). Known from the type localityonly.pygmaeus, Dentalium Defrance, 1819. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† pyrum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 472,pl. 11, figs 6, 7. Oligocene. Dominican Republic.Type material ANSP 2714 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400).† qingyanicum, Prodentalium Stiller, 2001: 626-630,figs 5.8-5.12, 6. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic.Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province,southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D-1.S3.Fbt-1; paratypes GPIM B6D-1.S3.F30-1,GPIM B6D-1.S3.F30-2, GPIM B6D-1.S3.Fbt-2.quadrangulare, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Xipixapi [WestColombia], 7-11 fms [13-20 m]. Syntypes BMNH1950.11.8.10-14. Junior synonym: Dentalium fisheriPilsbry & Sharp, 1897 (fide Emerson 1956: 2).Tesseracme quadrangularis (Sowerby in Broderip& Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1956: 2). EasternPacific: Baja California to Ecuador. 0-37 m.quadrangulare, Dentalium Deshayes, 1835: 132,pl. 26, fig. 14. Mesozoic. Morea, Peloponnesus,Greece. Junior homonym of Dentalium quadrangulareBroderip & Sowerby, 1832. Replacementname: Dentalium subquadrangulare Emerson, 1954.quadrangularis, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 62, 63,text-fig. 28, pl. 6, figs 73-75, 85, 86. Recent. OffKai-Islands [Indonesia], Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S,132°32.5’E, 397 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.081 (designatedby Habe 1964: 39; and unnecessarily byScarabino, 1995: 300); paralectotypes ZMA3.06.082 (1; Celebes Sea, Siboga stn 88, 0°34.6’N,119°08.5’E, 1301 m), ZMA 3.06.083 (HalmaheraSea, Siboga stn 151, 0°12.6’S, 129°48’E, 845 m).Junior synonym of Entalina mirifica (E.A. Smith,1895) (fide Scarabino 1995: 300). Remarks: Habe(1964: 39) gave the wrong type locality (Siboga stn88) for the lectotype specimen (fide R. Moolenbeek& A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000). Entalinaquadriangularis [Habe 1963: 271] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling.quadrangulatum, Dentalium “Klipstein.” Manuscriptname; see Dentalium klipsteini Kittl, 1891.† quadrangulatum, Dentalium Hu & Lee, 1991: 121,figs 18, 19, 29-31. Pliocene. Henchun Peninsula,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)635

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Maan Mountain, Taiwan. Holotype NMT 296;paratypes NMT 296a-d. Remark: this species probablybelongs to the genus Entalina.† quadrangulum, Dentalium Assmann, 1937: 98,pl. 18, fig. 22. Triassic. Gorasdze, Upper Silesia,Poland.quadrapicale, Dentalium Hanley in Sowerby, 1860:103, pl. 225, fig. 61. Recent. Cochin, Malabar,Southwest India. Lectotype BMNH 1907.10.28.147 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 103 as holotype);paralectotypes BMNH 1907.10.28.148-149 (2). Junior synonyms: Dentalium dipsychaPilsbry & Sharp, 1897; Dentalium conspicuumMelvill, 1897 (fide Scarabino 1995: 222).Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby,1860) (fide Plate 1908a: 350). Indo-Pacific: Africato northern Australia. 6-743 m. Remark: Habe &Kosuge (1964: 5) synonymized T. tetrapleura(Boissevain, 1906) with this species.quadrata, Entalina Henderson, 1920: 88, pl. 15,figs 2, 3, 6, 10. Recent. Off Grenada [LesserAntilles], Blake stn 248, 12°02’35”N, 61°47’15”W,159 fms [290 m]. Holotype USNM 95354 (formerlya syntype of Dentalium callithrix Dall, 1889).Junior secondary homonym of Entalina quadrata(Martin, 1885). Junior synonym of Entalina platamodes(Watson, 1879) (fide Emerson 1952a: 7, 8;Scarabino 1975: 181).† quadratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 190, pl. 10,fig. 191; 1887: 190, pl. 10, fig. 191. Miocene.Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7290 (5)(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112).Junior secondary homonym: Entalina quadrataHenderson, 1920. Entalina quadrata (Martin,1885) (fide Martin 1919: 69).quadriangularis, see quadrangularis.quadricostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 58. Recent.Princess Charlotte Bay, Queensland, Australia,13 fms [24 m]. Lectotype AMS C170763 (ex AMS94ii) (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 78);paralectotypes AMS C308638 (11), AMS C170762(11; Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15m]), AMSC170761 (1; York Island, Torres Strait, 13 fms[24m]). Eudentalium quadricostatum (Brazier,1877) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 140). Indo-Pacific: northern Australia and New Guinea. 9-124 m.quadridentatum, Siphonodentalium Dall, 1881: 36.Recent. West coast of Florida, 30 fms [55 m].Holotype MCZ 7739. Junior synonym ofPolyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fideScarabino 1980: 11). Remark: Emerson in Turgeon(1998: 55) recognized quadridentatum as a validspecies of Polyschides without justifying the rejectionof Scarabino’s synonymy.quadrifissatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 150, 151, pl. 29, figs 10-13 [ex CarpenterMS]. Recent. San Pedro; San Diego, California[32°45’N, 117°10’W], 10 fms [18 m]. SyntypesUSNM 19462 (1), ANSP 35583 (1). Polyschidesquadrifissatus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). EasternPacific: California. 18 m. Remark: this species wasplaced in Siphonodentalium by Keen (1971: 890)and Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55).† quadriturritus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 65, pl. 3,figs 7, 7a. Eocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA.Syntype USNM Paleobiology 644578 (as “holotype”in MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 248, 249).† quatuordecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentalevar. Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 76, 77 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (variouslocalities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.067,BS.106.02.068 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306).† quenstedti, Dentalium Blake, 1875: 226 (citingQuenstedt 1857: 797, pl. 98, fig. 20). Jurassic.Söflingen, Germany. Remark: Blake (1875) basedthis species upon a figure: “Quenstedt does not givea name to the Dentalium figured by him, whichdoes not appear to differ from those found in theKimmeridge Clay generally throughout England.I therefore propose the above name in accordancewith a now accepted custom”.† quindeciesstriatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1853: 137;pl. 3, fig. 19. Pliocene. Zukowce, Volhynia,Ukraine. Replacement name for Dentalium striatumEichwald, 1830 non Born, 1778. Antalis quindeciesstriata(Eichwald, 1853) (fide Harzhauser 2002).quinquangulare, Dentalium Forbes, 1844: 135, 188.Recent. Aegean Sea, 80-230 fms [46-420 m].Syntypes BMNH 1948.2.11.6-8 [3 syntypes in badcondition], BMNH 1948.4.8.28 (1). Junior synonymof Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) (fideMonterosato 1872: 27).quinquangulare, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 397, 409.Triassic. Bavaria, Germany. Junior homonym ofDentalium quinquangulare Forbes, 1844. Replacementname: Dentalium pentagonale Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898.† quitus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Olsson,1941: 48, 49, pl. 10, figs 9, 10. Pliocene, CanoaFormation. Punta Blanca, western Ecuador.Holotype ANSP 13719 ; paratype ANSP 13718.radicula, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† radiolineata, Dentalium Clark, 1918: 192, pl. 22,fig. 12. Oligocene, San Ramon Formation. NearMount Diablo, California, USA. Holotype UCMP11227.† radula, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738, 3739 [citingSchröter 1784a: 530 n. 9]. Miocene. Piedmont,Italy. Junior synonym: Dentalium asperumMichelotti, 1847 (fide Sacco 1897: 111). Coccodentaliumradula (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Sacco 1896: 98).† radularis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 95.Miocene. Piedmont, Italy. Remark: it is not apparentwhether this name is an emendation ofDentalium radula Gmelin.† rakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames,1952: 5, 6, pl. 1, figs 2a, 2b. Eocene. Rakhi Nala636ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)section, Upper Chocolate Clays, near Rakhi Gaj,Pakistan. Holotype BMNH G.68007.† raricostata, Dentalium (Antale) fossile var. Sacco,1897: 100, pl. 8, figs 32-41 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy (variouslocalities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.028-BS.106.02.034 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:304, pl. 56, fig. 5).† raricostata, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var.Sacco, 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 19-21 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata,Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.04.012, BS.106.04.014 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308).† rarinodosum, Dentalium haeringense var. Báldi,Horvath & Makk, 1974: 27, pl. 2, fig. 11.Paleocene, Kiscellian. Budafok, S of Budapest,Hungary.rastridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 525 [Watson 1886:19, pl. 3, fig. 3]. Recent. Culebra Island, Challengerstn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms[712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.73-75 (completelydisintegrated), BMNH 1994043 (11). Gadilarastridens (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 174). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 500-712 m.† raymondi, Prodentalium Young, 1942: 120, 121,pl. 20, figs 3-6, 8, 12. Pennsylvanian, MagdalenaGroup. Near Talpa, Sangre de Cristo mountains,northern New Mexico, USA. Holotype MCZInvertebrate Paleontology 27938.razzorei, Cadulus (Gadila) Caprotti, 1979: 248, 249,pl. 15, figs 1-7. Lower Pliocene. Rio Torsero,Liguria, Italy. Holotype MSNM I 5569. Remark:Caprotti (1979: 248) proposed this name for“Gadila gadus var. gadula” Sacco, 1897 [ex DoderleinMS], which Caprotti did not consider to be avalid name. However, Ruggieri (1980: 95, 96)demonstrated that Sacco’s usage constitutes a validdescription; thus, C. (G.) razzorei is an junior synonymof gadula Sacco, 1897 (see also Pavia 1991:137, 138).† readi, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Triassic,Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria. Replacementname for Dentalium simile Read in Broili, 1907 nonDentalium simile Wissmann, 1841 nec Giunti,1859. Laevidentalium readi (Emerson, 1954) (fideStiller 2001: 622).rebecaense, see rebeccaense.rebeccaense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Henderson, 1920:31, 32, pl. 3, fig. 2. Recent. Between Tortugas andRebecca Shoals, Florida, Eolis stn 33, 16 fms[29 m]. Holotype USNM 314293; paratypesUSNM 314294 (25), AMNH 148314 (1). Juniorsynonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu,1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). Dentalium rebecaense[Scarabino in Rios 1975: 183; 1994: 305] isan incorrect subsequent spelling.recta, Cadulus strangulatus var. Locard, 1898: 136.Recent. Type locality not specified. Type materialnot located. Synonym of Gadila strangulata(Locard, 1897).rectius, Dentalium Carpenter, 1864: 648. Recent. PugetSound [Washington, USA]. Lectotype USNM 5283(designated by Palmer 1958: 118, 119, pl. 17, figs 1,2, as “holotype”); paralectotype MCZ 178535 (1).Junior synonym: Rhabdus watsoni Pilsbry & Sharp1897 (fide Shimek 1998: 83). Rhabdus rectius(Carpenter, 1864) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 113).Eastern Pacific: Alaska to California. 91-1794 m.Remarks: although Carpenter’s (1864: 648) descriptionwas rather cursory, the name must be consideredavailable notwithstanding the claim by Pilsbry &Sharp (1897: 114) that this species was not describedby Carpenter until the following year (Carpenter1865: 59). Shimek (1998: 83) listing of Rhabdus dalliPilsbry & Sharp, 1897 in synonymy with this speciesremains to be confirmed.† rectiusculum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 583[nomen nudum in Eichwald 1846: 425]. Carboniferous[“Bergkalke”]. Kasakendörfer, Russia.Remark: figured by Eichwald (1860: 1062, 1063,pl. 40, fig. 12); locality given as Kasatschy-datschy,Ural, near Serpoukhow, Russia.rectum, Dentalium (Episiphon) kiaochowwanense var.Tchang & Tsi, 1950: 7, 8, pl. 1, figs 7, 8. Recent.Kiaochow Bay [China], stn 331, 10 m. HolotypeASP 3261; 6 paratypes ASP 3261, ASP 2897 (13;stn 314, 5 m). Synonym of Episiphon kiaochowwanense(Tchang & Tsi, 1950).† rectum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingGualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. H; Martini, 1769: I. t. I.f. 4A; Schröter, 1784b, 4 t. 3. f. 5]. Type localitynot specified. Type material not located. Junior synonyms:Dentalium striatum Link, 1807 (based uponthe same figure from Schröter, 1784b); Dentaliumsulcatum Schumacher, 1817) (based upon the samefigure from Martini, 1769); Dentalium crassum SalisMarschlins, 1793 (cited the same figures asGmelin); Fissidentalium delessertianum (Chenu,1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 213; Caprotti1979: 223). Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 81)synonymized Dentalium elephantinum “Linnaeus”Deshayes, 1825, partim with Dentalium rectum andused Deshayes’ locality information, “India”, toindicate a Recent occurrence, which they later correctedby citing Fischer (Pilsbry & Sharp: 1898:252). Fischer (1883) reported this species as livingin the Eastern Atlantic, which was questioned byCaprotti (1979: 223, 224). Thus, Fissidentaliumrectum is considered to be a valid fossil species butnot a Recent one.recurvum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 30. Recent.Junior synonym of ?Dentalium elephantinumLinnaeus, 1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2; withthe epithet “ by error?”, probably applying toDeshayes new species).reesi, Cadulus (Gadila) Ludbrook, 1954: 115, fig. 20.Recent. Zanzibar area, John Murray Exp. stn 105B,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)637

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.5°34’24”-37’S, 39°14’06”-36”E, 238-293 m.Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.150; paratypesBMNH 1952.3.25.390-BMNH 1952.3.25.394,BMNH 1952.3.25.385-BMNH 1952.3.25.388 (3;stn 176, Gulf of Aden, 12°04’06”N, 50°38’3”E,655-732 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.389 (1; stn 179B,Gulf of Aden, 12°02’06”N, 50°40’1”E, 275 m),BMNH 1952.3.25.395-BMNH 1952.3.25.401(7; stn 191, Gulf of Aden, 13°46’3”N, 47°48’5”E,274 m). Junior synonym of Gadila boissevainae(Jaeckel, 1932) (fide Scarabino 1995: 358).reevei, Dentalium Fischer, 1871: 212 [ex DeshayesMS]. Recent. Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype MNHN(designated by Scarabino 1995: 204; the remainingsyntypes were not located by Scarabino). Juniorsynonyms: Dentalium lineolatum Cooke, 1885;Dentalium laugieri Jousseaume, 1894 (fide Ludbrook1954: 98; Singer 2003: 14). Dentaliumreevei Fischer, 1871. Red Sea. 15-120 m. Remark:Singer (2003) restricted the distribution of D. reeveito the Red Sea.† regium, Dentalium Assmann, 1937: 97, 98, pl. 18,figs 19-21. Triassic. Gorasdze and Greater Strehlitz,Upper Silesia, Poland. Laevidentalium regium(Assmann, 1937) (fide Stiller 2001: 622).regulare, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1903: 393, pl. 15,fig. 2. Recent. Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa.Syntypes BMNH 1903.9.9.24, BMNH 1903.7.26.29-32. Dentalium regulare E. A. Smith, 1903.Indian Ocean: South Africa. 10-22 m.regulare, Dentalium Ahlburg, 1906: 86, 87, pl. 3,fig. 2. Triassic. Granietz, Upper Silesia, Poland.Junior homonym of Dentalium regulare E. A.Smith, 1903; replacement name: Dentalium subregularePalmer, 1974.regulare, Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum var.Henderson 1920: 26, pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent. Jamaica,73-140 fms [78-256 m]. Holotype USNM 107887.Junior homonym of Dentalium regulare E. A.Smith, 1903 and Ahlburg, 1906. Replacementname: Dentalium invalidum Emerson, 1954.regularis, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 137,pl. 19, fig. 14. Recent. Off Cape Canaveral, Florida,USBF stn 2660, 28°40’10”N, 78°46’W, 504 fms[919 m]. Holotype USNM 887475; paratypesUSNM 108175, USNM 108278, USNM 330675,AMNH 148341 (21; stn 2668, 294 fms [537 m],off Fernandina, Florida; fide Boyko & Sage 1996:31). Gadila regularis (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 536-919 m.† rei, Fissidentalium “?” Maxwell, 1992: 186, pl. 30,figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS localities GS1162,GS3274, GS11200, GS4872, Waihao River, nearMcCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, NewZealand. Holotype NZGS TM7227; numerousparatypes NZGS.† reticulatum, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé,1873: 466 [40], pl. 6, fig. 13. Eocene, Auversian.Peyrehorade, Adour Basin, southwestern France.Remark: the original description was reprinted byBoussac (1911a: 33).reussianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 70, 71.Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé, Belgium. Junior synonymof Dentalium cidaris Geinitz, 1850 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 220).† rex, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 214. Replacementname for Dentalium giganteum Chenu,1842 non Phillips, 1829.rhabdotum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1905: 116, 117, pl. 5,figs 45-47. Recent. Heda, Izu, Japan. Syntypes ANSP88319 (2), ANSP A4085 (1). Striodentalium rhabdotum(Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Okutani 1966: 12). Indo-Pacific: China Sea and Japan to New Caledonia.61-1350 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 240) statedthat ANSP 88319 was the “holotype” but there aretwo syntypes in that lot, so Scarabino’s statementdoes not constitute a valid lectotype designation.† rhenanus, Dentalium R. Janssen, 1978b: 141, pl. 9,figs 4, 5. Oligocene, Chattian. Schacht Diergardt,Rumeln, near Moers, Niederrhein-Gebeit, Germany.Holotype SMF 250385a.† rhodani, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849: 150, 151,pl. 27, figs 13a-13e. Cretaceous. Rhône andSaxonet, France.“rhotomagense”, Dentalium – d’Orbigny 1850(volume 2): 156. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Rouen,France. Incorrect original spelling of Dentaliumrothomagense. Remark: Rothomagus was the Latinname of Rouen.† richardsoni, Dentalium Cossmann, 1907b: 172,173. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting,Dixton West, near Gotherington, near Cheltenham,England, United Kingdom. Replacementname for Dentalium acutum Richardson, 1906 nonHébert, 1849. Objective junior synonym: Dentaliumacutoides Emerson, 1954. Laevidentaliumrichardsoni (Cossmann, 1907) (fide Engeser &Riedel 1992: 37).richardsoni, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Jurassic,Sinemurian. Honeybourne, near Evesham, England,United Kingdom. Replacement name forDentalium subquadratum Richardson, 1906 nonMeek, 1860, itself a junior homonym of Dentaliumrichardsoni Cossmann, 1907; replacement name:Dentalium sabrinae Engeser & Riedel, 1992.† rigauxi, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Fischer & Vadet,1985: 5, pl. 1, figs 8a, 8b. Middle Jurassic,Bathonian. Hydrequent, Pas de Calais, France.Holotype MHNB 115. Remark: this species wasmisidentified as Dentalium entaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 by Cossmann (1885).† rimosum, Dentalium Böse, 1906: 55, 56, pl. 3,fig. 1. Upper Miocene, Division Rio Coatzacoalcos.Kilometres 123-124 del Ferrocarril de Tehuantepec,Mexico. Holotype UNAM 16374 (fideAlencaster Ibarra 1950: 222, fig. 1).rioense, Dentalium (Dentalium) texasianumHenderson, 1920: 29, pl. 2, figs 2, 3. Recent. East638ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)of Rio de Janeiro, USBF stn 2762, 23°08’S,41°34’W, 59 fms [108 m]. Holotype USNM96114. Junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum(Chenu, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183).† ripleyanum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860: 393, pl. 69,fig. 48. Cretaceous, Ripley Group. Eufala,Alabama, USA.† robusta, Plagioglypta Detre, 1993: 164, pl. 1. UpperPermian. Bükk Mountains, NE of Nagyvisnó,Hungary.robustum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56. Recent.Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Lectotype AMSC170765 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972:53); paralectotypes AMS C170766 (3). Dentaliumrobustum Brazier, 1877. Indo-Pacific: New Guinea,northern Australia. 13-3150 m.robustum, Dentalium Maurer, 1885: 233, 234, pl. 10,fig. 1. Middle Devonian. Grube Rothe Erde, nearGiessen, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentaliumrobustum Brazier, 1877. Replacement name:Laevidentalium patriciae Engeser & Riedel, 1992.rosea, Dentalium dentale var. Dautzenberg, 1884: 302[ex Monterosato MS]. Recent. Mediterranean Sea:Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Type material not located.Synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1767).Remark: Dautzenberg appears to be the first authorto have validated Monterosato’s (1878) nomennudum.rosea, Dentalium vulgaris var. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg& Dollfus, 1882: 561. Recent. Beach of Saint-Briac, Côtes d’Amor, France. Synonym of Antalisvulgaris (Da Costa, 1778).rossati, Dentalium (Antalis) Caprotti, 1966: 194-196,fig. 11. Recent. Shiqmona Bay, Haifa, Israel.Holotype and 9 paratypes in MSNM. Antalisrossati (Caprotti, 1966). Mediterranean. 3-25 m.rossoi, Cadulus (Cadulus) Nicklès, 1979: 62, textfig.18, pl. 1, figs IV, V. Recent. Off Cape Vert,Senegal, Atlantide stn 10-1-56A, 150-250 m.Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Cadulus rossoiNicklès, 1979. Eastern Atlantic, Africa. 150-250 m.† rothomagense, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (Index):59. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Rouen, France.Emendation of Dentalium rhotomagense d’Orbigny,1850. Remark: Rothomagus was the Latin name ofRouen.† rotundatior, Dentalium inaequale var. Sacco, 1897:96, pl. 7, figs 74, 75 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Miocene. Italy (various localities).Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.024, BS.106.01.025(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302).† rotundosimplex, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco,1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 91, 92 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities).Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.040, BS.106.01.041(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303).† rotundulina, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897:96, pl. 7, figs 89, 90 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities).Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.038, BS.106.01.039(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302).rowei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 38, figs 29C, 30C, 33. Recent. 3.2 km NE ofCape Bossut, northern Western Australia, 7-10 m.Holotype WAM 231/94; paratypes WAM 53-93 (1), WAM 67-93 (2; 24°54’S, 113°17.75’E,13 km NE of Redcliff Point, Bernier Island,Western Australia, 24.7 m), WAM 66-93(2; 24°52’S, 113°17.5’E, ENE of Redcliff Point,Bernier Island, Western Australia), AMS C201738(12; Exmouth Gulf, northern Western Australia).Dentalium rowei Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndianOcean: western Australia. 7-196 m.rubescens, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 363 [43 inreprint], pl. 16, figs 23-25. Recent. Mediterranean Sea.Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonyms: Dentalium splendensO. G. Costa, 1829; Pseudantalis tenuifissumMonterosato, 1875; Dentalium maltzani Clessin,1896 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106); Dentaliumsiculum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [ex Deshayes MS](n. syn.). Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fideEmerson 1952c: 204; 1962: 471). Eastern Atlantic,Mediterranean: Europe, North Africa. 4-618 m.Remarks: Scarabino (1995: 282) questioned the recordof this species from the Indian Ocean by Ludbrook(1954: 105, 106). Dentalium rufescens [Weinkauff,1868: 420] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.rudis, ?Dentalium Gabb, 1873. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.rudmani, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 164,figs 167E, 168H, 173. Recent. Off Cairns, northernQueensland, Australia, 17°09.42’S, 146°42.24’E, 668 m. Holotype AMS C174626; paratypeAMS C173407 (1). Cadulus rudmani Lamprell &Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only.rudoi, Paradentalium Scarabino, 1995: 219, 220,figs 27, 28j, l. Recent. Northeastern Madagascar,RV Vauban 12°39’S, 48°17’E, 240 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (6 from the type locality;3 from BENTHEDI stn DS72, 12°71’S,45°02’E, 300-350 m), NM (1). Paradentaliumrudoi Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Madagascar.240-350 m.rufescens, see rubescens.† rugiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885: 71, 72, pl. 3,fig. 18. Paleocene. Near Copenhagen, Denmark.Junior synonym: Dentalium imparcostata Nechaev,1897 (fide Makarenko 1970: 113). Remark: a validspecies of Dentalium (fide Makarenko 1970: 113).ruginosa, Dentalium dentalis var. “Monterosato” fideStork 1934: 5. No further information located;potentially a nomen nudum.† rugosum, Dentalium Dunker, 1849: 16, 17.Cretaceous. Near Cassel, Germany. Unnecessaryreplacement name: Dentalium dunkeri Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 221, 222.rugosum, Dentalium Müller, 1851. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)639

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.rugosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584 [1860:1063, 1064, pl. 40, fig. 8]. Carboniferous[“Berglehme”]. Near Dorf Sloboda, Tula [Toula],Russia. Junior homonym of Dentalium rugosumDunker, 1849 and D. rugosum Müller, 1851.Remarks: Eichwald (1860: 1063) erroneously datedthis name to Eichwald (1846: 425), which is actuallya citation for Dentalium rectiusculum Eichwald;Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 232) repeated this error. Iffuture studies confirm the validity of this species itneeds to be renamed.rugosum, Dentalium Spillman, 1860: 389. Nomennudum. Cretaceous (Green Sand). Tombigbee,Mississippi, USA.rugosum, Entalium Defrance, 1819b. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† runnegari, Scissuradentalium Yoo, 1988: 249,figs 144-147. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian,Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3,2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New SouthWales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61994 ;paratypes AMS F.61995 (8).† rupeliensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989: 88, 89, pl. 2,fig.17. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian, Boom ClayFormation. Herselt (Tongrube 400 m N of Kirchevon Ramsel), Antwerpen Province, Belgium.Holotype RGM 221152a; paratypes RGM221152b; RGM 220907/1; SMF.rushii, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 168,pl. 27, figs 94-97. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras[North Carolina], 35°19’30”N, 75°17’12”W, 293fms [535 m]. Syntypes ANSP 35579 (1), ANSP333440 (1). Junior synonym: Polyschides rushii arne(Henderson , 1920). Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1998: 55).Western Atlantic: Canada to North Carolina (USA).210-1934 m.† rutteni, Dentalium Martin, 1917: 262, pl. 4, fig. 91.Miocene. Kembang Sokkoh, Java, Indonesia. SyntypesRGM 7256 (3), RGM 7257 (14), RGM 47284(2) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112).† sabrinae, Dentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 38,39, 41. Jurassic, Sinemurian. Honeybourne, nearEvesham, England, United Kingdom. Replacementname for Dentalium richardsoni Emerson, 1954 nonCossmann, 1907. Remark: Engeser & Riedel(1992: 39) stated that “The generic assignment isunclear. It probably belongs to a new genus”.† saccoi, Cadulus taurovulum subsp. Pavia, 1991: 133-137, pl. 9, figs 1-5, 7, 8; table 2; text-fig. 6. UpperMiocene. Borelli, near Turin, Italy. Holotype and218 paratypes MIGT B-S.D.02.1. Remark: Sacco(1897: 115) misidentified this species as Cadulusovulus Philippi.† sacheri, Dentalium Alth, 1850: 226, pl. 12, fig. 2.Cretaceous. Lviv [Lemberg], Ukraine. HolotypeNHM 1862/0005/0251.sagamiensis, Gadila Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971:495 [in Japanese], 312 [in English], pl. 65, figs 14-17 (as a nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298; 1963:276; Okutani 1964: 79). Recent. Sagami Bay,Japan, 400-740 m. Holotype and 3 paratypes inImperial Household Biological Laboratory (Japan).Gadila sagamiensis Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971.Indo-Pacific: Japan. 400-780 m.sagei, Striocadulus Scarabino, 1995: 335, 336,figs 137, 139 d, e, 172c, d. Recent. Philippines, RVCoriolis MUSORSTOM 2 stn CP24, 13°37’S,120°42’E, 640-647 m. Holotype and 4 paratypesMNHN. Striocadulus sagei Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines. 550-800 m.† sagittarii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 185.Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Holotype ANSP652. Remark: figured by Pilsbry (1922: 400, pl. 18,fig. 12).sakuraii, Platyschides Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961:105, pl. 47, fig. 3. Recent. Off Choshi, Chiba Pref.,Honshu, Japan, 100-200 m. Holotype and paratypein NSMT. Polyschides sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe inHabe, 1961) (fide Habe 1963: 278). Indo-Pacific:Japan. 100-1400 m. Platyschides sokuraii [Okutani,1966: 14] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.† salicensis, Cadulus Seguenza, 1879: 276. Pliocene.Reggia, Calabria, Italy.salishorum, Pulsellum Marshall, 1980: 149-152, figs 1-6.Recent. East Sound, Orcas Island, San Juan Islands,Puget Sound, Washington, 48°36’N, 122°51’W,18-22 m [lower limit probably in error as the holotypeis from 27 m]. Holotype USNM 782263;paratypes USNM 782264 (6), ANSP 352474 (4),AMNH 198610 (6), LACM 1929 (6), NMC 86068(4), WSM 35663 (4). Pulsellum salishorumMarshall, 1980. Eastern Pacific, Canada, USA. 3-91 m.salpinx, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tomlin, 1931:338, 339, text-fig. Recent. Off Cape Point, SouthAfrica, 700-800 fms [1278-1460 m]. LectotypeSAFM A5459 (designated by Giles & Gosliner1983: 40); paralectotypes NMW (9). Fissidentaliumsalpinx (Tomlin, 1931). South Africa.1260-1462 m.† samanicum, Dentalium Berry, 1926: 19, figs 3, 4.Eocene, Saman shale. Negritos, Peru.† sandbergeri, Dentalium Bosquet, 1859: 20, 21, pl. 2,figs 7a-7d. Tertiary (Eocene?). Limburg, Netherlands.Remark: Deshayes (1861: 215) recognizedthat Dentalium fissura sensu Nyst (1836: 180) nonLamarck, 1818 was equivalent to Dentalium sandbergeri.† sangiorgii, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184.Pliocene. Ponticella di Sàvena, near Bologna, Italy.Replacement name for Antale dentale var. alternansSangiorgi, 1926 [ex Berti MS] non Dentalium alternansChenu, 1843 nec Müller, 1851 nec Ryckholt,1851 nec Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882.Antalis sangiorgii (Emerson, 1954) (fide Caprotti1979: 237).† santarosanum, Dentalium Maury, 1910: 151, pl. 8,fig. 6. Oligocene. Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County,640ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology639095 (1).† saturni, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1836a: 1, pl. 1[nomen nudum in Hoeninghaus 1836b: 12]. “Übergangskalk”,Gerolstein, Eifel Mountain, Germany[Devonian]. Remarks: this species has been attributedto Goldfuss, 1841 by most authors, whoconcluded that Goldfuss had validated a manuscriptname of Hoeninghaus (1836b: 12). However,Langer (1967: 137) has shown that the species wasfirst validated by Hoeninghaus (1836a), in a lithographedpublication, which included an illustrationof the holotype. It remains to be determined whetherGoldfuss’ concept of this species is equivalent tothat of the original description in Hoeninghaus(1836a). Yochelson & Holland (2004) concludedthat the supposed “holotype” of Goldfuss’ namewas not the type specimen, and that the descriptionof this species was too imprecise to allow determination.We do not follow their conclusion that this isprobably not a scaphopod until the problem withthe type is solved.† saucatsense, Dentalium Benoist, 1873: 423, 460[239, 276]. Miocene, Helvetian. Sime, France.Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentaliumpseudoantalis Lamarck, 1818 by Benoist (1873: 268[84]); see Cossmann & Peyrot (1917: 165) forfurther discussion.sauridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 525, 526 [Watson1886: 19, pl. 3, fig. 4]. Recent. West Indies,Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N,65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH1887.2.9.76. Gadila sauridens (Watson, 1879)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 173). Western Atlantic,Caribbean. 650-712 m. Remark: BMNH 1994044is also labelled “holotype”, obviously in error as thedescription referred to a single specimen.scamnatum, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10 [ex FischerMS] [Locard, 1898: 109, 110, pl. 7, figs 1-7].Recent. “Côtes occidentales d’Afrique, cap Ghir, lesAçores, mer des Sargasses entre 1235 et 2087mètres”. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877)(B. Métivier, n. syn.).scarabinoi, Cadulus n. nom. Recent. New Caledonia,Bassin des Loyauté, RV Coriolis BIOGEOCAL stnCP232, 21°34’S, 166°27’E, 760-790 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (3 from CP232; 1from CP75; 2 from DW106). Replacement namefor Cadulus martini Scarabino, 1995 non Cadulusmartini Finlay, 1927. Cadulus scarabinoi Steiner &Kabat, 2004. Indo-Pacific: Réunion Island to NewCaledonia. 625-3500 m.scarabinoi, Dentalium n. nom. Recent. ChesterfieldIslands, Mer de Corail, Banc Nova, RV Coriolis,MUSORSTOM 5. stn DW 301, 22°07’S, 159°25’E,478-610 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN(10; 1 from stn 301; 1 from stn DW 306; 1 fromstn LAGON 444; 2 from stn DW 72; 1 fromstn DW 38; 1 from stn DW 01; 1 from stn DW 05;1 from stn DW 478; 1 from stn DW 479), AMSC201722 (1; stn DW 479), NMNZ M268960(1; stn DW 479). Replacement name for Dentaliumflavum Scarabino, 1995 non Dentalium flavumHenderson, 1920. Dentalium scarabinoi Steiner &Kabat, 2004. Indo-Pacific: Chesterfield Islands(Coral Sea); New Caledonia. 300-610 m.† schafferi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 45, pl. 1,fig. 9 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102;1933b: 184]. Triassic. N of Launsdorf, Austria.† schencki, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Moore, 1963: 51,pl. 31, fig. 3. Miocene, Astoria Formation. SpencerCreek, Oregon, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology563335.† schlosseri, Dentalium Traub, 1938: 65, pl. 5, fig. 8.Cretaceous/Tertiary. Rupertiwinkel, N of Salzburg,Austria.† schumoi, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 167, 168, fig. 5[nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 254].Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 653.scoticum, Dentalium Kirkby, 1880: 563, 589 [exYoung MS]. Nomen nudum. Carboniferous. NearSt Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom.† sectiforme, Dentalium (Graptacme) Tate, 1899: 262,263, pl. 8, figs 6-6a. Miocene. Muddy Creek,Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 5 paratypes SAMT 1615A. Dentalium (Antalis) sectiforme Tate, 1899(fide Ludbrook 1959: 143, pl. 2, fig. 5).sectum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367, 368 [47, 48],pl. 18, figs 12-14. Recent. “Habitat in mari Indico”[Indian Ocean]. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonym:Dentalium diffusum Chenu, 1850 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96). Graptacme secta(Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96).Geographical range unknown. Remark: the citationby Keen (1971: 886) from the “Gulf of California”was in error (fide Keen & Coan 1975: 49 citing W.K. Emerson in litt.).sedecimcostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 33,pl. 6, figs 8-11. Recent. Banda Sea, Indonesia,Siboga stn 52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E, 959 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.035 (designated by Scarabino1995: 260); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.034 (1;stn 45, 07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA3.06.036 (8), ZMA 3.06.037 (1; stn 88, 00°34.6’N,119°8.5’E, 1301 m), ZMA 3.06.038 (1; stn 156,00°29.2’S, 130°5.3’E, 469 m), ZMA 3.06.039(1; stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37.5’E, 835 m), ZMA3.06.040 (1; stn 223, 05°44.7’S, 126°27.3’E,4391 m), ZMA 3.06.041 (1; stn 241, 04°24.3’S,129°49.3’E, 1570 m), ZMA 3.06.042 (8, fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt.23.VI.2000; stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E,918 m), ZMA 3.06.043 (1; stn 314, 07°36’S,117°30.8’E, 694 m). Compressidentalium sedecimcostatum(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge1964: 4). Indo-Pacific: East Africa to NewCaledonia and China Sea. 250-4391 m. Remark:ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)641

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Lamprell & Healy (1998: 87) listed this species as ajunior synonym of C. clathratum (von Martens,1881) (as Fissidentalium), an opinion rejected byScarabino (1995).† seguenzianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Moroni & Ruggieri,1980: 49, 50, text-figs 3a, 3b, 4. Upper Miocene.Near Bonfornello, Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Holotypeand paratype Museo di Geologia della Università diPalermo.† semarangense, Dentalium Altena, 1938: 211.Miocene. Ngembak and Grissee, Java, Indonesia.Syntypes RGM 7239 (1), RGM 7240 (1), RGM7238 (1), RGM 7241 (1) (fide Van den HoekOstende et al. 2002: 112). Replacement name forDentalium subrectum Martin, 1885 non Jeffreys,1883. Junior synonym of Dentalium teschiKoperberg, 1931. Remark: see under Dentaliumsubrectum Martin, 1885.† semialternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 7;1850: 7. Type locality not specified (presumablyTertiary, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215).† semiaratum, Dentalium Chapman & Crespin, 1928:105, 106, pl. 6, fig. 28. Tertiary. Victoria, Australia.† semiclausum, Dentalium Nyst, 1835: 36, pl. 5,fig. 53. Tertiary. Near Antwerp, Belgium.† semicostatum, Dentalium Girty, 1911: 135.Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian. USGS Locality2006, Wewoka Formation, Wewoka quadrangle,Oklahoma, USA. Junior synonym: Dentalium indianumGirty, 1911 (fide Yancey 1978: 308, by FirstReviser action). Prodentalium semicostatum (Girty,1911) (fide Yancey 1978: 308). Remark: Yancey(1978) erroneously dated this species to itsredescription in Girty (1915), not to its originaldescription in 1911.† seminuda, Dentalium (Antale) raricostatum “race”Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 168, pl. 1, figs 29-31.Miocene, Tortonian. Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq,France.† seminudum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 200, 201,pl. 3, figs 11-14. Eocene. Paris Basin (Jeures andOrmoy), France; Kaufingen, Drausfeldt and nearCassel, Germany.semipolitum, Dentalium Broderip & Sowerby, 1829:369. Recent. Type locality not specified [EasternPacific, California]. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.1-3.Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton,1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91). Remarks:Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listed Graptacmesemipolita as a distinct species; further study of thetaxonomy of these species is needed.semistriatum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 39, pl. 18,fig. 68. Recent. Near the Pigeon-House, DublinBay, Ireland [in error]. Syntype USNM 175006 (1).Junior synonyms: Dentalium semipolitum Broderip& Sowerby, 1829; Dentalium semistriolatumGuilding, 1834; Dentalium translucidum Chenu,1843; Dentalium hyalinum Philippi, 1846;Dentalium liratum Carpenter, 1857b; Dentaliumlirulatum Mörch, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:90, 91); Dentalium sericatum Dall, 1881 (fideScarabino 1994: 307); Dentalium hannai Baker,1925 (fide Keen 1971: 886). Graptacme semistriata(Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90).Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Bermuda to Brazil;Eastern Pacific: California. 3-164 m. Remarks:Warén (1983: 169) erroneously stated that the typematerial was lost. Since Jeffreys could not determinethe origin of this species, Warén also stated that“I regard the name as a nomen dubium”. The allegedoccurrence of this species in both the Caribbeanand the Eastern Pacific may represent a case of siblingspecies. The second specimen mentioned in theoriginal description was not located.semistriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367, pl. 17,figs 15, 16. Eocene. Parnes, Chaumont, Mouchyand Senlis, Paris Basin, France. Junior homonym ofDentalium semistriatum Turton, 1819. Replacementname: Dentalium parisiensis d’Orbigny, 1850.semistriatus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1880: 317. Recent. Bayof Biscay. Nomen nudum.semistriolatum, Dentalium Guilding, 1834: 34, pl. 3,figs 1-5. Recent. Caribbean. Type material notlocated. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata(Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90).Remarks: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listedGraptacme semistriolata as a distinct species; furtherstudy of the taxonomy of these species is needed.semitracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Boissevain,1906: 56, pl. 4, figs 20, 21. Recent. Timor Sea,Siboga stn 284, 08°43.1’S, 127°16.7’E, 828 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.072 (designated by Scarabino1995: 273); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.070 (7, fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt.23.VI.2000; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 7°24’S,118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.071 (1; not mentionedin the text but illustrated on plate 4, figs 20,21; “St. 248” in caption was error for 284, fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt.23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.073 (2; Timor Sea, Sibogastn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA3.06.074 (1 [2 in error in original description];Flores Sea, Siboga stn 314, 7°36’S, 117°30.8’E,694 m). Junior synonym: Dentalium curvotracheatumPlate, 1908 (fide Scarabino 1995: 273).Calliodentalium semitracheatum (Boissevain,1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to Philippines. 450-918 m.semivestitum, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 9, 10 [exFischer MS] [1898: 107, pl. 6, figs 25-29]. Recent.“Les Tropiques et le Sahara entre 830 et 1113 mètres”.Syntypes MNHN (Talisman stn 85, “Sahara”,830 m). Fissidentalium semivestitum (Locard,1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 75). EasternAtlantic: Europe, Africa. 800-1113 m.senegalense, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1891: 53, 54,pl. 3, fig. 8. Recent. Dakar, Senegal, Mélita Exp.stn 99, 5 m. Type material not located. Antalis642ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)senegalensis (Dautzenberg, 1891) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 55). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal toGuinea. 5-41 m.senegalensis, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 3, 4. Recent.Senegal. Holotype MNHN. Gadila senegalensis(Locard, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 176).Known from the type locality only. Remark: typelocality subsequently cited as Talisman 1883stn 101, 3200 m, by Locard (1898: 133).septangulare, Dentalium Fleming, 1825. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† septemcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 58 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills,Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.050 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 305).septemcostatum, Dentalium Abich in Trautschold,1859. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described asScaphopoda.septemcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 57. Recent.Evan’s Bay, Cape York, Queensland, Australia,6 fms [11 m]. Lectotype AMS A96 (designated byPonder & Stanbury 1972: 53); paralectotypes AMS(3). Junior homonym of Dentalium septemcostatumAbich, 1859. Replacement name: Dentaliumcheverti Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897.septemcostatum, Dentalium coarti var. Dautzenberg,1912: 81. Recent. Wharf de Tamara, Guinea. Typematerial MNHN. Junior homonym of Dentaliumseptemcostatum Abich, 1859. Junior synonym ofDentalium congoensis (Plate, 1908a) (fide Nicklès1979: 44).septentrionalis, Antalis Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963:262, 263, pl. 38, fig. 34, text-figs 15-17 [nomennudum in Habe 1953: 294, as “Dentalium(Dentalium) septentrionale”, and in Taki & Oyama1954: 30, pl. 7, figs 19-21, pl. 26. fig. 6]. Recent.Off Hachinoe, Aomori Pref., Honshu, Japan, 30 m.Lectotype NSMT (designated by Oyama 1973: 72,pl. 20, figs 7, 11, 14); paralectotype NSMT. Juniorsynonym of Antalis weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877)(fide Habe 1964: 20).† seriaeforme, Siphonodentalium Ravn, 1939: 48, 49,pl. 1, figs 18a, 18b. Paleocene. Vestre Gasvaerk VI,near Copenhagen, Denmark.sericatum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 37, 38. Recent. OffYucatan Bank, Blake (no stn given), 640 fms[1168 m]. Holotype USNM 203191. Known fromthe type locality only. Junior synonym of Graptacmesemistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Scarabino1994: 307).serratum, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.serratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 189, pl. 10,fig. 189; 1887: 189, 190, pl. 10, fig. 189. Miocene.Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7270 (fideVan den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Juniorhomonym of Dentalium serratum Pictet & Roux,1849 (Polychaeta); replacement name: Dentaliumsubserratum Palmer, 1974.serrulatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906: 249.Recent. Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal, 60 fms[110 m]. Syntypes ZSI M877/1 (fide list inBMNH); BMNH 1906.10.12.4. Fissidentaliumserrulatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) (fide Scarabino1995: 250). Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands toPhilippines. 96-182 m.sewelli, Dentalium (Episiphon) Ludbrook, 1954: 107,fig. 10. Recent. Gulf of Oman, John Murray Exp.stn 75, 25°09’-10’N, 56°47’30”E, 201 m. HolotypeBMNH 1952.3.25.125; paratypes BMNH1952.3.25.73 (1; stn MBII(c), Hadramut Coast,17°33’30”N, 56°01’30”E, 29 m), BMNH1952.3.25.236-BMNH 1952.3.25.236.242 (5;stn 188, Gulf of Aden, 13°43’-46’N, 47°50’-56’E,528 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.243 (1; stn 103,Zanzibar Area, 05°39’30”S, 39°11’30”E, 101 m),BMNH 1952.3.25.244-BMNH 1952.3.25.244.250 (6). Junior synonym of Episiphon subtorquatum(Fischer, 1871) (fide Scarabino 1995: 286).sexangulare, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Italy.Remark: the original description tentatively listedthis name as a synonym of Dentalium sexangulumGmelin, 1791.sexangulare, Dentalium “n. sp.?” Hilgard & Hopkins,1878: 48, pl. 3, fig. 7. Quaternary. Lake Borgne,Louisiana, USA. Junior homonym of Dentaliumsexangulare Lamarck, 1818. Oldest available name:Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 21).† sexangulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citingSchröter 1784a: 531 n. 10]. Pliocene. Laretto, Italy.Junior synonyms: Dentalium sexangulare Lamarck,1818 (tentatively in the original description);Dentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831 (fide Bernasconi1996: 26, as synonym of D. orsum); Dentaliumorsum Bonelli in Sismonda, 1842 (fide Sismonda1847: 24; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205); Dentaliumnoe Sismonda, 1847 (tentatively, fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 215); Dentalium sexangulare var. acutangularis,and var. subrecta Cocconi, 1873 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215).sexcarinatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.sexcostatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 103, pl. 223,fig. 11. Recent. Type locality not specified.Holotype BMNH 1996084. Junior synonym ofParadentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fideScarabino 1995: 218). Remark: The synonymizationof Paradentalium hexagonum with this speciesby Scarabino (1995) was not followed by Lamprell& Healy (1998: 58).† sexdecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 74, 75 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (variouslocalities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.065,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)643

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.BS.106.02.066 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:306).sexradiatum, Dentalium Goldfuss – Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 244. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxadescribed as Scaphopoda.shirleyae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 84,figs 82B, 83B, 85, 86A, B. Recent. SW ofImperieuse Reef, Rowley Shoals, 250 km NNW ofWestern Australia, 18°06’S, 118°10’E, 356 m.Holotype WAM 234/94; paratypes AMS C201740(2, ex WAM 4340.83), QM MO52532 (1, exWAM 4340.83), WAM 4304.83 (38), WAM 119-93 (1; 220 km NW of Port Hedland, WesternAustralia, 18°44’S, 117°20’E, 326 m). Fissidentaliumshirleyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Western Australia. 326-356 m.shoplandi, Dentalium Jousseaume, 1894: 102. Recent.50 miles from Aden, 670 fms [1223 m]. LectotypeMNHN (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 100, as“holotype”). Junior synonyms: Dentalium transversostriatumBoissevain, 1906; Dentalium chuni Plate,1908a (fide Scarabino 1995: 248). Fissidentaliumshoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) (fide Plate 1908a:341, as Dentalium (Fissidentalium) chuni). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia. 528-1350 m.siberutense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 348, pl. 30,figs 17-20. Recent. Siberut Islands, Indonesia,Valdivia stn 191, 00°39’S, 98°52’E, 750 m.Holotype ZMB 61093 (fide Kilias 1995: 176).Junior synonym of Entalinopsis intercostata(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 305).siberutensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 309,310, fig. 7. Recent. Siberut Islands, Indonesia,Valdivia stn 191, 00°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m.Lectotype ZMB 75368a (designated by Kilias 1995:176); paralectotypes ZMB 75368b (2), ZMB75369 (48). Cadulus siberutensis Jaeckel, 1932.Known from the type locality only.sibogae, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Boissevain, 1906:39, pl. 4, figs 17, 18, text-fig. 22. Recent.Indonesia, Siboga stn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E,411 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.048. Compressidentaliumsibogae (Boissevain, 1906) (fideScarabino 1995: 264). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia,Japan. 200-411 m.† siciliensis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Brugnone,1880: 132. Pliocene. Caltanisetta and Altavilla,Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium sexangulumGmelin, 1791 (fide Bellini 1909: 221).siculum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 107, pl. 19, fig. 6 [ex Deshayes MS]. Recent.Adriatic Sea and Ionian Islands. Type material notlocated. Replacement name for Dentalium politum“Linnaeus” sensu O. G. Costa 1850: 23 (non politumLinnaeus, 1767). Junior synonym of Fustariarubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (n. syn.).sigsbeanum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent.Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]. Lectotype MCZ7737 (designated by Turner 1955: 319 as “holotype”);paralectotype USNM 95347 (1). Junior synonymof Bathoxiphus ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fideDall 1889: 428).† simile, Dentalium Wissmann, 1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 8.Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol, Austria/Italy. Remark:Dentalium simile – Laube 1870 non Wissmann,1841 is a misidentified Orthoceras (fide Broili 1907:22).simile, Dentalium Biondi, 1859: 120, pl. 1, fig. 6.Recent. Sicily, Italy. Type material not located.Junior homonym of Dentalium simile Wissmann,1851. Junior synonym of Antalis dentalis Linnaeus,1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 53).simile, Dentalium Read in Broili, 1907: 71, 72, pl. 6,fig. 4. Triassic, Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria.Non Dentalium simile Wissmann, 1841 nec Biondi,1859; replacement name: Dentalium readiEmerson, 1954.simillimus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 526, 527 [Watson1886: 20, pl. 3, fig. 6]. Recent. Raine (sic) Island,Cape York, Queensland, Australia, Challenger stn185, 11°35’S, 144°03’E, 155 fms [284 m].Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.80/1 (designated byLamprell & Healy 1998: 161); paralectotypesBMNH 1887.2.9.80/2 (2; Challenger stn 185).Cadulus simillimus Watson, 1879. Indo-Pacific:Australia to New Caledonia. 5-1646 m. Remark:Lamprell & Healy (1995: 161, 162) explained thatthe second syntype lot, BMNH 1887.2.9.81(Challenger stn 187), was erroneously labeled ascontaining the figured specimen, and is insteadCadulus vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey, 1940.† simplex, Dentalium Michelotti, 1861: 136, pl. 12,figs 12, 13. Lower Miocene. Dego, Mioglia, Pareto,Italy. Laevidentalium simplex (Michelotti, 1861)(fide Bonci et al. 2000: 207, 208, pl. 1, fig. 3).simplex, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 125, 126, pl. 27, figs 88, 89. Recent. OffTillamook Harbor, Oregon, USBF 3346, 786 fms[1434 m]. Syntypes USNM 107700, USNM600414. Junior homonym of Dentalium simplexMichelotti 1861. Replacement name: Compressidensstearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898).† simplicior, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var.Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, figs 53, 54 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills,Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.028, BS.106.03.029 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308).simpsoni, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920:127, 128, pl. 19, fig. 17. Recent. MayaguezRoadstead, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms[46 m]. Holotype USNM 161580; paratypesUSNM 314677, USNM 314932, AMNH 148357(1). Cadulus simpsoni Henderson, 1920. WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 46-575 m. Remark: the subgenusPlatyschides was put in synonymy with Gadilaby Scarabino (1995: 196, 355). However, thisspecies has its maximum diameter not in the anteriorthird of the shell as it is characteristic for Gadila,644ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)but in the middle of the shell as it is typical forCadulus.† simrothi, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911: 168, 169, fig. 4.Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 650. Asa nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238.singaporensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Sharp & Pilsbry inPilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 195, pl. 36, figs 30, 31.Recent. Singapore. Syntypes ANSP 35584 (4),ZMA 2.98.001 (2). Gadila singaporensis (Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Known from thetype locality only.sinuosum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 28, pl. 6,fig. 22. Recent. Indonesia, Timor Sea, Siboga stn294, 10°12’S, 124°27’E, 73 m. Lectotype ZMA3.06.021 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 206);paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.018 (1, second specimenlost, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl inlitt. 23.VI.2000; Kwandang-bay-entrance, Sibogastn 114, 0°58.5’N, 122°55’E, 75 m), ZMA3.06.019 (1, lost fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Vander Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; between islandsWowoni and Buton, Siboga stn 204, 4°20’S,122°58’E, 75-95 m), ZMA 3.06.020 (5 in originaldescription; 6 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van derBijl in litt. 23.VI.2000). Junior synonym ofDentalium leucoryx Boissevain, 1906 (fideScarabino 1995: 206).† sobrantensis, Dentalium radiolineata var. Clark,1918: 192. Oligocene. Near Mount Diablo,California, USA. Holotype UCMP 11261.sofiae, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 352, figs 157, 160i,l. Recent. Réunion, MD32 stn DS151, 20°51’S,56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. Holotype MNHN;paratypes MNHN (3 from DS151; 1 from DS11;2 from CH87; 1 from CH90), NM (1; DS149).Cadulus sofiae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1600-3716 m.† sokkohense, Dentalium Martin, 1917: 262, pl. 4,fig. 92. Miocene. Kembang Sokkoh, Java,Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7271 (fide Van denHoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111).sokuraii, see sakuraii.† solidissimum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917:37, pl. 5, fig. 8. Oligocene. Near Cartagena,Colombia. Holotype ANSP 3057. Remark theauthors suggested that this species “is probably aFissidentalium”.† solidum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 2. Miocene,Pareora Formation. Kanieri; Sherry River; Waikari,New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM.4809 (designatedby Keyes 1972: 96). Fissidentalium solidum(Hutton, 1873) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424).solidum, Dentalium Verrill, 1884: 215, 216, pl. 44,figs 16, 17. Recent. Off Georges Banks, USBF stn2083, 959 fms [1750 m]. Lectotype USNM 34687(designated by Henderson 1920: 63); paralectotypes:USNM 34687 (USBF stn 2083, 959 fms[1750 m]), USNM 34904 (USBF stn 2077, 1255fms [2290 m]), USNM 34688 and USNM 34911(USBF stn 2084, 1290 fms [2354 m]), USNM35636 (USBF stn 2103, 1091 fms [1991 m]),USNM 35635 (USBF stn 2111, 938 fms [1712m]), USNM 35645 (USBF stn 2115, 843 fms[1538 m]), AMNH 148370 (3; USBF stn 2084,1290 fms [2354 m]). Junior homonym ofDentalium solidum Hutton, 1873. Replacementname: Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale verrilliHenderson, 1920. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72).† soliticum, Dentalium Piette, 1855: 1122. Jurassic.Rumigny, France.sominium, Laevidentalium Okutani, 1964: 75, 76,text-fig. 3. Recent. Sagami Bay, Japan, 35°03.6’N,139°22.4’E, 1320-1400 m. Holotype NSMTMo.69572; paratypes NSMT Mo.69573 (47).Episiphon sominium (Okutani, 1964) (fide Steiner1999: 155). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 620-1400 m.Remarks: Okutani (1964: 75) listed material fromthe following Soyo-maru stations: 1 specimen fromstn T29, Sagami Bay, 35°04.8’N, 139°30.2’E, 620-780 m; 6 specimens from stn T29, Sagami Bay,35°05.5’N, 139°29.3’E, 710-770 m; 23 specimensfrom stn T28, Sagami Bay, 35°03.6’N, 139°22.4’E,1400 m; 24 specimens from stn T28, Sagami Bay,35°01.0’N, 139°19.6’E, 1385 m; 9 Specimens fromstn T28’, Sagami Bay, 35°03.5’N, 139°24.5’E,1190-1220 m; 26 specimens from stn 169, SagamiBay, 35°04.9’N, 139°33.2’E, 780 m; 1 specimenfrom stn 9, Sea of Kashima-Nada, 36°19.2’N,141°15.6’E, 1030 m; about 20 specimens from stn17, Sea of Kashima-Nada, 36°19.7’N, 141°09.0’E,870 m. None of these match in number of specimenswith the located paratype lot which is labelled“Sagami Bay” and may represent a partial combinationfrom these stations.† sorbii, Dentalium King, 1850: 218. Permian.Connigsborough, near Doncaster, Ireland.Holotype Sheffield City Museum H.27.11.80.777(fide Riley 1974: 36). Junior synonym: Dentaliumspeyeri Geinitz, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:233).† soriense, Dentalium Eames, 1952: 5, pl. 1, figs 1a,1b. Eocene. Zinda Pir section, Ghazij Shales, N ofDera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Holotype BMNHG.68000.† sougraignense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1904: 637,pl. 3, figs 12, 13. Cretaceous, Santonian. Sougraigne,Aude, France.sowerbyi, Dentalium Guilding, 1834: 35, pl. 3, fig. 7.Recent. Caribbean. Type material not located.Synonym: Episiphon sowerbyi pelliceri (Henderson,1920). Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 117). Western Atlantic,Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (North Carolina, USA)to Brazil. 7-329 m.sowerbyi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 2; 1850:7. Type locality not specified. Non DentaliumZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)645

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.sowerbyi Guilding, 1834. Tentative junior synonymof Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 216).sowerbyi, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.soyomaruae, Bathoxiphus Okutani, 1964: 77, 78, textfig.4. Recent. 56 miles off Aogashima Island,Japan, 32°20’N, 140°55.5’E, 3150-3350 m.Holotype NSMT Mo.9574 (fide Anonymous 1996:82) and 2 paratypes. Bathoxiphus soyomaruaeOkutani, 1964. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Japanand New Caledonia. 975-5750 m. Remark:Chistikov (1983: 183) synonymized Rhomboxiphuscolmani (Palmer, 1974) with B. soyomaruae, a decisionrejected by Scarabino (1995: 314, 317).† spaethi, Progadilina Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 47, 48,pl. 1, fig. 4, text-figs 3, 4. Jurassic, Middle Liassic,Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, Schleswig-Holstein,Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/3; paratypeGPIMH 2516/4.† speciosum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 668. Eocene.Bavaria, Germany.spectabilis, Cadulus Verrill, 1885a: 432, 433, pl. 44,fig. 19. Recent. 180 miles off Ocean City [Maryland],USBF stn 2221, 39°05’30”N, 70°44’30”W,2780 m. Lectotype USNM 37935 (designated byHenderson 1920: 107; USNM “40498” error forUSNM 37935); paralectotypes USNM 38116(USBF stn 2043, 1467 fms [2677 m]), USNM38691, USNM 73051, MCZ 186801 (1), MCZ186802 (USFC 2174, 1594 fms [2909 m]).Polyschides spectabilis (Verrill, 1885) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 153). Western and Eastern Atlantic:Caribbean to West Africa. 62-3389 m.speyeri, Dentalium Geinitz, 1852: 198. Permian.Rückingen, Wetterau, Germany. Junior synonymof Dentalium sorbii King, 1850 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 233).† spiniforme, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 191, 192,pl. 10, fig. 193; 1887: 191, 192, pl. 10, fig. 193.Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. SyntypesRGM 7277 (9) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al.2002: 112).† spiniformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Gardner, 1947: 630,pl. 57, fig. 19. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, ShoalRiver Formation. USGS locality 5079, 0.5 milesbelow Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County,Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology351645 (1).spinulosum, Dentalium “Miller, MSS” Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxadescribed as Scaphopoda.spirale, Dentalium Risso, 1826b. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.† spitiense, Dentalium Gümbel, 1866: 360, pl. 1,fig. 7. Triassic. Near Spiti, Hamachal Pradesh,northwestern India [formerly Tibet].splendens, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1829: cxxv, cxxvi.Recent. Golfo di Taranto [Italy]. Type material notlocated. Junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens(Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106).splendens, Dischides Raines, 2002: 37, 38, fig. 47.Recent. Tahai, Easter Island, 50-80 m. HolotypeLACM 2949; paratypes LACM 2950, ANSP410697 (2), AMS (2), Bailey-Matthews ShellMuseum (Florida) 1383 (2). Dischides splendensRaines, 2002. Pacific Ocean, Easter Island, 50-80 m.splendidum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Xipixapi, West Colombia,10-16 fms [18-29 m]. Syntypes BMNH1950.11.8.8-9. Graptacme splendida (Sowerby inBroderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 96). Eastern Pacific: Colombia. 10-110 m.Remark: Keen (1971: 888) placed this species intoFustiaria (Laevidentalium).spretus, Cadulus (Gadilia [sic]) Tate & May, 1900:102. Recent. Port Esperance, Tasmania, 24 fms[44 m]. Lectotype TMH E1202/8543 (specimenon left hand side of board; ex TM1095) (designatedby Lamprell & Healy 1998: 156); paralectotypesTMH E1202/8543 (specimen on right hand side ofboard), SAM D 15848 (21), SAM D 16002 (5).Gadila spreta (Tate & May, 1900) (fide Cotton &Godfrey 1933: 148). Indo-Pacific: Tasmania,Australia, New Zealand. 9-1770 m. Remark: SAMD 16009, potential type material, consists of “fivedry shells with no locality or collection data”(Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 384).stanisici, Bathoxiphus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 142,figs 145G, 149, 150A. Recent. Off Cairns, northernQueensland, Australia, 16°43.06’S, 146°37.18’E, 1477 m. Holotype AMS C173420; paratypeAMS C173421 (1). Bathoxiphus stanisici Lamprell& Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only.Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggestedthat the status of B. stanisici Lamprell & Healy,1998 vis-à-vis Solenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov,1983 requires further research.stapes, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain, 1906: 50, 51,pl. 5, figs 16-20, pl. 6, figs 79, 81, 83. Recent.Banda Sea, Indonesia, Siboga stn 212, 05°54.5’S,120°19.2’E, 462 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.061-062(2). Junior synonym of Gadilina insolita(E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Habe 1964: 32).stearnsii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 253,pl. 27, figs 88, 89. Recent. Off Tillamook Harbor,Oregon, 45°30’N, 125°42’W, 786 fms [1434 m].Syntypes USNM 107700, 600414. Replacementname for Dentalium (Compressidens) simplex Pilsbry& Sharp, 1897 non Michelotti, 1861. Compressidensstearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Indo-Pacific:Japan; Eastern Pacific: Oregon. 1434 m.steineri, Bathoxiphus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 142,figs 141E, 145F, 148, 166E, F. Recent. NE [of]Thursday Island [Australia], 10°51’S, 145°49’E,1379 m. Holotype QM MO40078; paratypes QMMO40079 (3), QM MO40080 (2; northern646ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Queensland, 10°01’S, 145°00’E, 1777 m), QMMO40081 (12; northern Queensland, 17°46’S,147°49’E, 1224 m), AMS C175551 (2; off Cairns,northern Queensland, 16°43.1-42.1’S, 146°37.3-36.4’S 1468-1477 m). Bathoxiphus steineriLamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific:Queensland, Australia. 950-1777 m. Remark:V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that thestatus of B. steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-àvisSolenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov, 1983 requiresfurther research.stellata, Entalinopsis Scarabino, 1995: 307, 308,figs 110, 111a, b, 115b. Recent. Philippines,MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP18, 14°00’N, 120°18’E,188-195 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN(5 from stn CP55; 1 from stn DR94), AMSC201730 (1; stn CP55), USNM 890871 (1;stn CP55). Entalinopsis stellata Scarabino, 1995.Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia.195-900 m.stenoschizum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 128, 129, pl. 19, figs 10-15. Recent. WestIndies. Syntypes ANSP 71081 (1), ANSP 320994(1). Replacement name for Dentalium translucidumsensu Sowerby (1860, 1872) non Deshayes, 1825.Fustiaria stenoschiza (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897).Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil, 40-400 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1995: 277) determinedthat the specimens identified as Dentaliumstenoschizum by Boissevain (1906: 59) were actuallyreferable to Fustiaria nipponica. Since Lamprell &Healy (1998: 100, 102) cited to Boissevain (1906)in their use of Fustiaria stenoschiza, their Australianrecords should also be attributed to F. nipponica,thus restricting the distribution of Fustiariastenoschiza to the western Atlantic and theCaribbean.† stentor, Dentalium Anderson & Hanna, 1925: 145,pl. 13, fig. 17. Eocene, Tejon Group. CAS locality792, west side of Tecuya Creek, Kern County,California, USA. Type material CAS 819.stimpsoni, Dentalium (Antalis) entale Henderson,1920: 35-38, pl. 4, figs 2-4. Recent. Near GottsIsland, off Mount Desert, Maine, Eolis, 20 fms[37 m]. Neotype USNM 314938 (designated byHenderson 1920). Replacement name forDentalium striolatum Stimpson 1851 non Dentaliumstriolatum Risso, 1826. Junior synonym ofAntalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 43). Remarks: according to Johnson(1976: 66), Stimpson’s type material was destroyedin the great Chicago fire. Henderson, when replacingStimpson’s name, chose a recently collectedspecimen from the USNM collection as the “type”.This specimen is the neotype, although Hendersondid not use that term.† stonecityensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974:18, text-fig. 8r, s; pl. 1, fig. 17. Middle Eocene,Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation,Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff, Brazos RiverValley, Burleson County, Texas, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 180441; paratypes PRI29226, ANSP 31504.† stramineum, Dentalium Gabb, 1864: 139, 140,pl. 21, fig. 100. Cretaceous. NE of Martinez; SanDiego; and Curry’s, S of Mount Diablo, California,USA.strangulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.strangulatus, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 4. Recent. Bayof Biscay, Travailleur stn 44 [depth of 667 m providedin Locard 1898: 137]. Type material notlocated. Gadila strangulata (Locard, 1897) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 176). Eastern Atlantic,Mediterranean. 555-2018 m.“strangulosum”, Dentalium “Deshayes” – Gümbel1861. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described asScaphopoda.† strenuum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 266. Oligocene.Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. Syntype ANSP 998.† striatellulata, Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani var. Sacco,1897: 113, pl. 10, figs 28-33 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 98]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy (variouslocalities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.06.005-BS.106.06.008 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:309).striatinum, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium)Henderson, 1920: 90, 91, pl. 16, figs 3, 8. Recent.Off Fernandina, Florida, Albatross stn 2668,294 fms [537 m]. Holotype and 9 paratypesUSNM 108166. Striopulsellum striatinum(Henderson, 1920) (fide Scarabino 1995: 323).Known from the type locality only. Remark:Henderson (1920: 90, 91) referred to a type specimenfrom a lot consisting of 10 specimens; however,the holotype has not yet been segregated fromthe paratypes.striatissimum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15].Nomen nudum. Miocene. Monte Gibio (Modena)and Santo Agata (Tortona), Italy. Remark: Cocconi(1874: 647) mentioned this manuscript name in hisdescription of Dentalium passerinianum.† striatissimum, Dentalium Razzore, 1896: 248 [exDoderlein MS]. Pliocene. Borzoli, Zinola and RioTorsero, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.01.030(selected by Pavia 1991: 113); paralectotypeBS.106.01.031 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:302). Remarks: Dentalium striatissimum Vinassa deRegny, 1897 is a junior homonym. This name hasbeen attributed to Sacco, 1897 (e.g., Pavia 1991:112-114) but Razzore had already validatedDoderlein’s manuscript name. Dentalium(Dentalium) passerinanum subsp. striatissimumRazzore, 1896 (fide Pavia 1991: 112-114, pl. 1,figs 4, 6, 8-10).striatissimum, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1897: 163[ex Meneghini MS]. Tertiary. Roncà, Italy. JuniorZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)647

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.homonym of Dentalium striatissimum Razzore,1896.striatissimum, Dentalium Fuenzalida, 1942: 414, 423.Tertiary. Patagonia, Chile. Nomen nudum. Remarks:Feruglio (1949b: 160) cited this name, but did notvalidate it. If this name ever was validated, then itwould be a junior homonym of Dentalium striatissimumRazzore, 1896 and Vinassa de Regny, 1897.† striatulinum, Antale “?” Cossmann in O’Gorman &Cossmann, 1923: 28, pl. 3, fig. 4. Eocene. Gan,S of Pau, southwestern France.striatulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738. [citingLister 1685-1692: t. 547. f.I.b; Martini 1769: I. t. I.f. 5. b]. Recent. Sicily [in error]. Type material notlocated. Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinumLinnaeus, 1767 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3).Objective junior synonym: Dentalium lupinumRöding, 1798.striatulum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 352, pl. 16,figs 5, 6. Recent. Type locality not known. Noinformation on type material. Junior synonym ofDentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803 (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 17).striatulus, Solenoxiphus Chistikov, 1983: 187, 189, pl.3, figs 2-13, l pl. 5, figs 10, 11. Recent. North FijiBasin, Vitjaz stn 5944-2D, 14°21.1’S, 170°38.2’W,2380 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (3 fromstn 59442D -2D; 1 from stn 6818-2, 5°05.8’N,130°58.8’E, 1530-1680 m). Solenoxiphus striatulusChistikov, 1983. Indo-Pacific: South Philippine Seato Fiji Islands and New Caledonia. 1500-3700 m.striatum, Dentalium Born, 1778: 449, 450 [citingGualtieri 1742: pl. 10, fig. 6; Hill 1752, pl. 7;Martini 1769: pl. 5, fig. B]; 1780: 431. Recent.Type locality not specified. Syntypes NHM. Juniorsynonym of Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus,1758 (partim) and Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus,1767 (partim) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2, 3).striatum, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23 [citing Schröter1784b: 4 t. 3 f. 5]. Tertiary. Sternberg, Germany.Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born,1778. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium rectumGmelin, 1791; both taxa are based upon thesame illustration.striatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 160, pl. 70,fig. 4. Upper Eocene. Barton, Hampshire, England,United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentaliumstriatum Born, 1778. Replacement name:Dentalium acuticosta Deshayes, 1825; Dentaliumbartonense Palmer, 1974 is an unnecessary replacementname. Remarks: Deshayes (1861: 206) attributedthis name to “Brander, 1775, Foss. hant., pl. 1,fig. 10”. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 198) noted thatthe 1766 edition of Brander used Dentalium elephantinumfor this species, and wondered whether“Deshayes may quote from another edition whichwe have not seen”. We have been unable to trackany reference to a “1775” edition of Brander andconclude that Deshayes’ attribution was in error.striatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Tertiary.Siena, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatumBorn, 1780, D. striatum J. Sowerby, 1814.Remark: Bellini (1909: 228) concluded thatDentalium delessertianum Chenu, 1843 was the nextavailable name for Dentalium striatum Lamarck,1818, which however is a junior synonym ofFissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 213; fide Caprotti 1979: 223).striatum, Dentalium Brown, 1827: caption to pl. 1,fig. 8. Recent. Eastern Atlantic: Holy Island, coastof Northumberland, England, United Kingdom.Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born,1780, D. striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, and D. striatumLamarck, 1818.striatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199. Pliocene.Zukowce, Volhynia, Ukraine. Junior homonym ofDentalium striatum Born, 1780, D. striatumJ. Sowerby, 1814, D. striatum Lamarck, 1818, andD. striatum Brown, 1827. Replacement name:Dentalium quindeciesstriatum Eichwald, 1853.striatum, Dentalium sensu Philippi 1844: 208 nonBorn, 1778. Tertiary. Sicily, Italy. Replacementname: Dentalium philippi Monterosato, 1872, ajunior homonym of Dentalium philippi Chenu,1843; renamed Dentalium rectum var. monterosatoiPilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 214.striatum, Dentalium Ivanov, 1926: 174. Nomennudum. Carboniferous. Near Moscow, Russia. NonDentalium striatum Born, 1780 (Recent). Replacementname: Dentalium ivanovi Palmer, 1974.Remark: as Ivanov’s taxon was not validlydescribed, there was no need to rename it.striatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [exDall MS]: 179, 180, pl. 35, figs 9-13. Recent. Gulfof Panama, USFC stn 3354, 7°09’45”N, 80°50’W,322 fms [588 m]. Syntypes USNM 122992 (1),USNM 602252 (15), SBMNH 35023 (2), AMNH148405 (3). Gadila striata (Pilsbry & Sharp,1898). Eastern Pacific: Panama. 588-1206 m.striatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 91. Sandstein,Mecklenberg, Germany. Nomen nudum.† striatus, Entalis Romanovskii, 1890: 112, pl. 16,fig. 4. Upper Paleozoic. Pasha-Ata and Namangan,eastern Uzbekistan [“Turkestan”]. Prodentaliumstriatus (Romanovskii, 1890) (fide Likharev 1967:12, 13, pl. 1, figs 1-3).strigatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. FalseBay, Cape of Good Hope. Lectotype USNM 159(designated by Johnson 1964: 153); paralectotypesMCZ 169382 (2). Junior synonym: Dentaliumagulhasense Plate, 1908 (fide Barnard 1974: 742).Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859. Indian Ocean:South Africa, Madagascar, Réunion. 33-317 m.Remark: Tomlin (1931: 337) considered Dentaliumbelcheri Sowerby, 1860 to be a junior synonym ofDentalium strigatum.† striolatissima, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco,1897: 94, pl. 7, figs 55, 56 [as a nomen nudum in648ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities).Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.008, BS.106.01.009(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 301).striolatum, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 398. Recent.Mediterranean. Syntypes MNHN (8). Junior synonymof Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). Remark: one of the syntypesis actually a specimen of Antalis inaequicostata(Dautzenberg, 1891) (fide Arnaud 1978: 135).striolatum, Dentalium Stimpson, 1851a: 114. Recent.At the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, 10-60 fms [18-110 m]. Type material lost in the Chicago fire(Johnson: 1976: 66). Neotype USNM 314938(designated by Henderson 1920: 35, pl. 4, figs 2-4).Near Gotts Island, off Mount Desert, Maine, Eolis,20 fms [37 m]). Junior homonym of Dentaliumstriolatum Risso, 1826. Replacement name:Dentalium (Antalis) entale stimpsoni Henderson,1920, a junior synonym of Antalis entalis(Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43).† stromeri, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Oppenheim, 1906:215, pl. 25, figs 6, 6a. Miocene. Fajûn, west of KasrKerûn, Libya.stumkatae, Dentalium (Lentigodentalium) Lamprell &Healy, 1998: 70, 71, figs 68B, 69C, 71. Recent.32 km off Point Charles, NW of Darwin, 12°10’S,130°22’E, 27-37 m. Holotype AMS C174641;paratypes AMS C174642 (2), AMS C169964(2; 96 km NE of Port Hedland, Western Australia,19°30.9-28.2’S, 118°49.2-55.4’E, 36-37 m).Dentalium stumkatae Lamprell & Healy, 1998.Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 37-154 m.subagile, Dentalium (Antalis) agile Henderson, 1920:38, 39, pl. 4, fig. 8. Recent. USBF stn 2513[between Halifax and Le Havre Bank], 43°34’N,63°56’30”W, 134 fms [245 m]. Holotype USNM887470; paratypes USNM 50188, USNM 50189,USNM 50191, USNM 50193, USNM 52302,USNM 314325, AMNH 148306 (1), ANSP119158. Subspecies of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars exM. Sars, 1872). Remarks: Abbott (1974: 385) listedsubagile as a valid species. This opinion is not followedherein because the observed high variabilityof Antalis agilis across the northern Atlantic encompassesthe form of subagile.subanceps, Dentalium Trautschold, 1861: 350-352,pl. 8, figs 16, 17. Jurassic. Mniowniki, Galiowa andDorogomilof, near Moscow, Russia. Junior synonymof Dentalium gladiolus Eichwald, 1846 (fideEichwald 1868: 799; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 223).† subannulata, Plagioglypta Easton, 1962: 101, pl. 13,figs 20, 21. Carboniferous. USGS locality 13399,Alaska Bench limestone, Heath, Fergus County,Montana, USA. Holotype and 9 paratypes (in oneblock) USNM Paleobiology 118878.† subarcuatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1853: 276, pl. 24,fig. 13. Cretaceous. New Egypt, New Jersey, USA.† subcanaliculatum, Dentalium Sandberger &Sandberger, 1856: 240, pl. 26, fig. 19, 19a.Carboniferous. Villmar (“Stringocephalenkalk”),Germany. Remarks: Nomen nudum in Sandberger(1842: 399). Dentalium cubcanaliculatum“G. Sandberger, 1842” [de Koninck, 1843: 319] isan incorrect subsequent spelling.“subcarinatum”, Dentalium “Münster in Goldfuss” –Ryckholt 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxadescribed as Scaphopoda.subcentralis, Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982b:1317, 1318, pl. 1, figs 9-11, pl. 4, fig. 3. Recent.Vitjaz stn 4199-T [4191 in error], 35°06.8’N,137°53’W, 5056-5072 m. Holotype IOM;paratypes IOM (2 from stn 4199-T; 1 from stn4074-T, 40°19’N, 175°45.3’W, 6065 m; 1 fromstn 4239-T, 24°50.3’N, 144°05.4’W, 5120 m;2 from stn 4281-T, 20°01’N, 121°59.6’W,4370 m; 1 from stn 4289-T, 20°00.3’N,130°01.2’W, 4984-4902 m; 4 from stn 5065-T,16°23’N, 146°36’W, 5363-5570 m; 1 from stn5996-2-T, 10°58.2’N, 153°21.5’W, 5060-5080 m;2 from stn 6298-24-T, 22°44’S, 160°54’W,4860 m; 1 from stn 6704, 18°36.8’N, 128°07.8’E).Subspecies of Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov,1982. Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific: fromPhilippines to off California and Mexico. 4370-6065 m.subcoarctata, Ditrupa (Gabb, 1860) – Dall 1892: 444.Unjustified emendation of Dentalium subcoarcuataGabb, 1860.† subcoarcuata, Ditrupa Gabb, 1860: 386, pl. 67,fig. 47. Eocene. Wheelock, Texas, USA. HolotypeANSP 13263 (“possibly lost” fide Hodgkinson1974: 20). Unjustified emendation: Cadulus subcoarctatus(Gabb, 1860) (Dall 1892: 444). Cadulus(Polyschides) subcoarcuatus (Gabb, 1860) (fideHodgkinson 1974: 19). Remark: Aldrich (1895: 4)and Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) listed Cadulusabruptus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 as a probable juniorsynonym of Cadulus subcoarcuatus.subcolubridens, Cadulus (Gadila) Ludbrook, 1954:115, 116, fig. 21. Recent. Gulf of Aden, 2000 m,John Murray Exp. stn 185, 13°48’N, 49°16’E.Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.32; paratypes BMNH1952.3.25.33-BMNH 1952.3.25.44 (12). Gadilasubcolubridens (Ludbrook, 1954). Indo-Pacific:Red Sea to New Zealand. 1158-2000 m.† subcompressum, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886:64, pl. 3, figs 3, 3a. Eocene. Vicksburg and Jackson,Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology638701 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965:371). Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) subcompressa(Meyer, 1885) (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 371).subcostulata, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofAntalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872).subcurvatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906[October]: 251. Recent. SW of Cape Comorin,[Maldives], India, Investigator stn 275, 731-771 fmsZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)649

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.[1334-1407 m]. The holotype in BMNH as mentionedby Scarabino (1995: 261) could not belocated. Junior synonym: Dentalium martensiBoissevain, 1906 [December] (fide Scarabino 1995:261). Compressidentalium subcurvatum (E. A.Smith, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 261). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 142-1411 m.subcylindrica, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898:143. Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofCadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877.† subcylindricum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 105,pl. 12, fig 14; 1887b: 99, pl. 12, fig. 14.Cretaceous. Algarrobo and S. Vicente, Chile.† subeburneum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850(volume 2): 372. Eocene. Chaumont, Halaincourt,Acy-en-Mulcien (Oise), France. Replacement namefor Dentalium eburneum sensu G. B. Sowerby 1825non Linnaeus, 1767. Junior synonym: Fustiaria circinataNewton, 1891 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:216). Remarks: Deshayes (1864: 216) listed thisname as a junior synonym of Dentalium eburneumLinnaeus, 1767; Newton & Harris (1894: 65, 66),Le Renard (1995: 175), and Le Renard & Pacaud(1995: 85) considered it as a valid species ofFustiaria.subentalis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2):320. Eocene, Suessonian. Cuise-Lamotte, Varinfroy(Oise), France. Tentative junior synonym of Antalisentalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:216).† subfissura, Entalis Tate, 1887: 191, pl. 20, figs 4a,4b. Eocene. River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan;Nine-Mile Camp, near Nor’West Bend; MuddyCreek, Corio Bay; Schnapper Point, Victoria;Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay, Australia. Holotypeand 15 paratypes SAM T 249A. Dentalium(Laevidentalium) subfissura (Tate, 1887) (fideLudbrook 1959: 146, 147, pl. 2, fig. 3).subfusiforme, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 301,pls 6, 7, figs 36-44. Recent. Drøbach, Langesundand Flekkefjord, 50-120 fms; Bergen, 50-60 fms;Lofoten, 100-300 fms [west coast of Norway, 91-548 m]. Syntypes SMNH 4626 (Norway, Lofoten,360-540 m). Cadulus subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865)(fide Jeffreys 1867: 251). Eastern Atlantic:Northern Europe to Northern Africa. 73-1185 m.† subgiganteum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume3): 94. Miocene, “Falunian”. Navidad, Chile.Replacement name for Dentalium giganteum J. deC. Sowerby, 1846 non Phillips, 1829. Junior synonym:Dentalium corrugatum Hupé in Gay, 1854(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 217).† subgracile, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185.Paleocene. Jutland, Denmark. Replacement namefor Dentalium gracile Grönwall & Harder, 1907non Dentalium gracile Hall & Meek, 1854, necMoore, 1866, nec Jeffreys, 1870, nec Philippi, 1887.† subirregulare, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:217. Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio,Calabria, Italy. Replacement name for Dentaliumirregulare Seguenza, 1879 non Dentalium irregularisRisso, 1826 nec Hutton, 1873.† subjuvenis, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var.Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, fig. 55 [as a nomen nudumin Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.030 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 308).sublaeve, Dentalium Hall in Miller, 1877: 244.Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. Objective junior synonymof Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858).Remarks: introduced as a replacement name forDentalium obsoletum Hall, 1858 non Schlotheim,1832. However, Schlotheim’s name is a nomennudum. Dentalium sublaeve is also a junior homonymof Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevis Cocconi, 1874.sublaevigata, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard,1898: 108. Recent. Type locality not specified[North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (Fischerin Locard, 1898).† sublaevis, Dentalium dentalis var. Cocconi, 1874:648. Miocene. Vigoleno, Italy. Said by Cocconi tobe the same as Dentalium obsoletum Doderlein,1862 [nomen nudum].sublaevis, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi, 1881: 85.Pliocene. Savignano and Zappolino, Italy. Nomennudum.† sublineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 142,143, pl. 34, fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian,Woodbine Formation. Lamar County Locality 201,near old Slate Shoals, Red River, 8 miles E ofArthur City, Lamar County, Texas, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 105607; paratypes USNMPaleobiology 105608-105609.subornata, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898:109. Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofFissidentalium semivestitum (Fischer in Locard,1898).† subovatum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 587, 588,pl. 45, fig. 7. Jurassic, “Lower Lias”. Redcar,Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom. For Dentaliumcompressum sensu Terquem 1885 non d’Orbigny,1850. Progadilina subovata (Richardson,1906) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38).† subparvulum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185.Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Leckhampton Station claypit,Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom.Replacement name for Dentalium parvulumRichardson, 1906 non Philippi, 1887. Laevidentaliumsubparvulum (Emerson, 1954) (fideEngeser & Riedel 1992: 38).† subplanum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 228.Cretaceous. Blackdown, England, United Kingdom.Replacement name for Dentalium cylindricumsensu Gardner 1878 non J. Sowerby, 1814.650ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)† subpolitum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann& Peyrot, 1917: 185, 186, pl. 2, figs 8-10. Miocene.Giraudeau, Lagus and Pont-Pourquey,France. Replacement name for Gadus politus Benoist,1873 non Cadulus politus (S. Wood, 1842).† subprismaticum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Baluk,1972: 450, 451, pl. 6, figs 2-7, text-fig. 2. Miocene,Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 kmSSW of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland.Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection.† subquadrangulare, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185.Mesozoic. Morea, Peloponnesus, Greece. Replacementname for Dentalium quadrangulare Deshayes1835 non Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832.† subquadratum, Dentalium Meek, 1860: 311.Jurassic. North Platte River, at Red Buttes,42°50’N, 106°40’W, Wyoming, USA. SyntypesUSNM Paleobiology 677 (slab with numerousspecimens).subquadratum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 588,589, pl. 45, fig. 8. Jurassic, Sinemurian. Honeybourne,near Evesham, England, United Kingdom.Junior homonym of Dentalium subquadratumMeek, 1860. The replacement name, Dentaliumrichardsoni Emerson, 1954, is itself a junior homonymof Dentalium richardsoni Cossmann, 1907.Replacement name: Dentalium sabrinae Engeser &Riedel, 1992.subrecta, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 117.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofAntalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872).subrecta, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898:110. Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofDentalium scamnatum, a junior synonym ofFissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877).† subrecta, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874:645. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Italy.subrectum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1883: 661. Recent.Philippines. Holotype USNM 176124. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium sexangulare var. subrectaCocconi, 1874. Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903)(fide Scarabino 1995: 287). Remarks: since Habe(1964: 29) claimed that E. subrectum was a juniorhomonym of the fossil taxon Dentalium sexangulumvar. subrecta Cocconi, 1873, Hedley’s (1903) nameis the oldest available one for this species, and notEpisiphon subrectum var. makiyamai (Kuroda &Kikuchi, 1933). V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001),based on examination of the type material, suggestedthat the status of D. subrectum vis-à-visLaevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) requiresfurther research.subrectum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 185, pl. 10,figs 180, 181; 1887: 185, pl. 10, figs 180, 181.Miocene. Ngembak and Grissee, Java, Indonesia.Syntypes RGM 7239 (1), RGM 7240 (1), RGM7238 (1), RGM 7241 (1) (fide Van den HoekOstende et al. 2002: 112). Junior homonym ofDentalium sexangulum var. subrecta Cocconi, 1873.Dentalium teschi Koperberg, 1931. Remark: thisname introduced as subspecies by Koperberg(1931) has priority over the replacement nameDentalium semarangense Altena, 1938.† subregulare, Dentalium Palmer, 1974: 124. Triassic.Granietz, Upper Silesia, Poland. Replacement namefor Dentalium regulare Ahlburg, 1906 nonE. A. Smith, 1903.† subserratum, Dentalium Palmer, 1974: 125.Miocene. Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM7270 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002:112). Replacement name for Dentalium serratumMartin, 1885 non Pictet & Roux, 1849(Polychaeta).† subsexangulare, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume3): 94. Miocene, Falunian. Piemont, Dertona,Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium sexangularesensu Deshayes 1825 non Lamarck, 1818. Tentativejunior synonym: Dentalium noe Sismonda, 1847(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215). Remarks:d’Orbigny (1852) erroneously credited sexangulareto Gmelin, 1791 instead of Lamarck, 1818; Gmelin(1791) is author of Dentalium sexangulum.Dentalium subsexangulatum [d’Orbigny, 1852(Index): 59] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.subsexangulatum, see subsexangulare.substriata, Teredo Conrad, 1849: 728, pl. 20, figs 7,7a, 7b. Miocene. Astoria, Oregon, USA. Types notlocated. A junior secondary homonym ofDentalium substriatum Deshayes, 1825. Replacementnames: Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898; Dentalium conradi Dall; 1909Dentalium petricola Dall, 1909. Remark: thisspecies was independently renamed twice; seeEmerson (1958) for further discussion.† substriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 366, 367,pl. 18, figs 1, 2. Eocene. Parnes, Chaumont andl’Orme, Paris Basin, France. Types not located. ForDentalium fissura sensu J. Sowerby 1823 nonLamarck, 1818. Remarks: this species was misidentifiedas Dentalium acuticosta Deshayes, 1825 byDixon (1850: 96) (fide Deshayes 1864: 208).A valid species of Antalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175;Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).subterfissum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 154, 155.Recent. Localities of syntypes: USNM 175017(Porcupine 1869 stn 19a), USNM 175018(Porcupine 1869 stn 16, 54°19’N, 11°50’W,816 fms [1489 m]), USNM 175019 (Valorousstn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland,2646 m]), USNM 175020 (Porcupine 1869 stn 21,55°40’N, 12°46’W, 1476 fms [2694 m]); BMNH85.11.5.1393-1394 (Porcupine, without locality).Heteroschismoides subterfissus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fideHenderson 1920: 58, as Dentalium (Heteroschisma)subterfissum). Western Atlantic: Caribbean toBrazil; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to West Africa.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)651

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.940-3109 m. Remark: also described fromChallenger Exp. (station number not given),37°26’N, 45°14’W, 1000 fms [1825 m], but thistype lot was neither located in BMNH nor mentionedby Warén (1980).subterlineatum, Dentalium Tomlin, 1931: 337.Recent. Off Cape Point [South Africa], 900 fms[1642 m]. Lectotype SAFM 6192 (designated byGiles & Gosliner 1983: 41); paralectotype NMW(1). Entalina subterlineata (Tomlin, 1931) (fideChistikov 1982c: 1497). South Africa. 690-1645 m.subtilis, Cadulus (Gadila) Plate, 1908a: 360, pl. 30,fig. 48. Recent. Near Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania,Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m.Lectotype ZMB 61108a (designated by Kilias 1995:176); paralectotypes ZMB 61108b (1), ZMB63842 (4). Gadila subtilis (Plate, 1908) (fideJaeckel 1932: 310). Known from the type localityonly. Remark: Jaeckel (1932: 310) remarked uponcertain similarities with Ditrupa (Polychaeta), andKilias (1995: 176) parenthetically remarked thatthis taxon is probably Ditrupa. Plate’s illustrationindeed resembles a worm tube, and the taxon mayhave to be removed from the Scaphopoda afterexamination of the types.subtorquatum, Dentalium Fischer, 1871: 212, 218,pl. 11, fig. 1. Recent. Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype and4 paralectotypes MNHN (designated by Scarabino1995: 286). Junior synonyms: Dentalium anulosumBrazier, 1877; Dentalium tornatum Watson, 1879;Dentalium (Episiphon) sewelli Ludbrook, 1954 (fideScarabino 1995: 286). Episiphon subtorquatum(Fischer, 1871) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 8).Indo-Pacific: South Africa to New Caledonia andFiji; Eastern Atlantic: South Africa. 17-650 m.Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 104) listed anulosumas a valid species of Omniglypta.† subtrigonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 589,pl. 45, fig. 2. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Folly-Laneclay pit, Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom.Progadilina subtrigonalis (Richardson, 1906) (fideEngeser & Riedel 1992: 39).subula, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 135, 136,pl. 19, fig. 5. Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, USBFstn 2352, 22°35’N, 84°23’W, 463 fms [845 m].Holotype USNM 323113. Gadila subula (Henderson,1920). Known from the type locality only.subulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† sueroi, Calstevenus Sabattini, 1979: 23-25, pl. 1,figs 4-9. Lower Permian, Tepuel Group. Subida delPaisano, Sierra de Languineo, Chubut Province,Argentina. Holotype MLP 13169; paratypes MLP13167, 13168, 13170, 13171.† sulcatulum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 987, 988,pl. 59, figs 14, 15. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf,Germany.sulcatum, Dentalium Schumacher, 1817: 263 [citingMartini 1769: I t. I f. 4A]. Type locality not specified.Types not located. Junior synonym ofFissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791); both taxa arebased upon the same illustrations from Martini1769.sulcatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 343. Eocene.Grignon, France. Junior homonym of Dentaliumsulcatum Schumacher, 1817; replacement name:Dentalium potiezi Le Renard, 1994.sulcatum, Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale var. Verrill,1884: 217. Recent. Georges Bank [Massachusetts].Syntypes USNM 38398 (1; USBF 2079, Albatrossstn 2079, 41°13’N, 66°19’50”W, 75 fms [137 m]),USNM 35093 (4; USBF 2077, 1255 fms [2290 m]).Junior homonym of Dentalium sulcatumSchumacher, 1817 and Dentalium sulcatumLamarck, 1818. Replacement name: Dentalium(Antalis) occidentale georgiense Henderson, 1920: 43.Synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851).† sulcosum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263,pl. 2, fig. 2. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Junior synonyms:Dentalium majus J. de C. Sowerby, 1846;D. gayi Philippi, 1887 (fide Ortmann 1902: 157,159; by First Reviser action, according to ICZN1999: article 24).sumatrense, Dentalium (Compressidens) Plate, 1908a:350 (illustrated in Jaeckel 1932: 304, text-fig. 3).Recent. Sumatra, Valdivia stn 186, 3°22.1’S,101°11.5’E, 903 m. Holotype ZMB 61081 (fideKilias 1995: 176). Compressidentalium sumatrense(Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 750-903 m.summa, Polyschides Okutani, 1964: 79, 80 [ex KurodaMS] (nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298; 1963:278). Recent. Sagami Bay, Japan, 700-780 m; offKushikino, Japan, 730-760 m. Types in NSMT(?).Siphonodentalium summa (Okutani, 1964) (fideHabe 1964: 51). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 700-780 m.Remark: Siphonodentalium magnum (Boissevain,1906) may be a senior synonym of this species(Habe 1964: 51).† sundkrogensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Schnetler,2001: 43, 44, pl. 1, figs 10, 11. Selandian,Paleocene. Sundkrogen, Copenhagen, Denmark.Holotype MGUH 24839; paratype MGUH24838. Remark: Schnetler determined that somespecimens identified in the literature as Dentaliumrugiferum von Koenen 1885 were actually a distinct,new species.† sunieri, Dentalium (Antalis) Koperberg, 1931: 31,32, pl. 1, fig. 4. Neogene/Quaternary. Locality 5,“Toi Oesapi Soka aan de [on the] Noi Lioe(gemengd met fossielen von Nono Fatoe Fekoe),”[mixed with fossils from Nono Fatoe Fekoe] Timor.† superbus, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 52, 53, pl. 5,fig. 6. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation.Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, ChubutProvince, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-079.suteri, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185. Recent. PortPegasus, Stewart Island, New Zealand, 33 m.652ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Holotype ( of Dentalium arenarium Suter) NZIGNTM1219 (fide Boreham 1959: 75); paratypes SAMD 16001 (fide Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 83), ZMB61911 (fide Kilias 1995: 172). Replacement namefor Dentalium arenarium Suter, 1913 non Römer,1855. Antalis suteri (Emerson, 1954) (fide Dell1957: 573). Pacific Ocean: Australia, New Zealand.33-374 m.sutherlandi, Polyschides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 169,170, figs 174D, 175F, 179. Recent. Off Cairns,northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S,146°48’E, 296-303 m. Holotype QM MO53677;paratypes QM MO45834 (1), QM MO40085(11), AMS C172620 (1; E of North West Island,Queensland, 23°15.2’S, 152°24.1’E, 284 m), AMSC173955 (4; mouth of Caiman Creek, BerkeleyBay, Port Essington, Cobourg Peninsula, NorthernTerritory [Australia]). Polyschides sutherlandiLamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northernand eastern Australia. 243-1764 m.† suzukii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1929: 14,15, pl. 7, figs 6, 6a. Pliocene. Tonohama, nearYasuda, Aki County, Tosa Prefecture, Japan.Holotype Geol. Survey of Japan (fide Hanzawa et al.1961: 209).† syltense, Fissidentalium floratum subsp. R. Janssen,1989: 84, 85, pl. 1, figs 7-9. Upper Miocene,Syltian. Morsumkliff, Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein,Germany. Holotype SMF 308309; paratypes SMF308310, SMF 308311/20, RGM 220270/32.† sylvaerupis, Serpulorbis Harris, 1899: 73, pl. 10,fig. 1. Lower Eocene. Woods Bluff, TombigbeeRiver, Clark County, Alabama, USA. Holotype PRI268 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 793). Remark: transferredfrom the Polychaeta to the Scaphopoda:Dentaliidae by Palmer & Brann (1965: 369).syriacum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867: 95 [attributed to“Conrad”]. Cretaceous. Syria. Junior synonym ofDentalium cretaceum Conrad, 1852 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 221; Blanckenhorn 1927: 123).† taeniolatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger,1856: 241, pl. 26, fig. 21, 21a. Carboniferous.Nassau, Germany.taiwanum, Dentalium aprinum Kuroda, 1941: 149,pl. 14, fig. 45. Recent. Takao, Taiwan. Types inNSMT. Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinumLinnaeus, 1767 (fide Scarabino 1995: 198).takakoae, Graptacme Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999: 9-11,figs 1-12 [ex Kira MS]. Recent. Ise Bay, MiePrefecture, central Japan. Holotype NSMT Mo71400; paratype NSMT Mo 71401. Graptacmetakakoae Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999. Known fromthe type locality only. Remark: this name was firstused in the “Yume-Hamaguri” which was a handwrittenJapanese malacological journal. Because itwas hand-written, it was not a valid publication(ICZN 1999: article 9.1). In 1994, severalunnamed members of the Tokai Shell Clubcompiled various articles from “Yume-Hamaguri”and other sources, and republished them in a typesetformat (Anonymous 1994: 10, pl. 3, fig. 7 [exKira MS]). Although properly printed, this 1994book was anonymously published, and hence is nota valid publication (ICZN 1999: articles 14, 50.1).taphrium, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 422. Recent.Between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys, USBFstn 2405, 28°45’N, 85°02’W, 30 fms [55 m].Lectotype USNM 95320 (designated by Henderson1920: 53); paralectotypes USNM 92891, USNM92819 (2; USFC stn 2598), USNM 93119(2; USFC stn 2608), USNM 93120 (14; USFC stn2612), MCZ 7690 (8; USFC stn 2612), USFC,Havana, 182 fms [332 m] not located. Antalistaphria (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897:58). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras(North Carolina, USA) to Brazil. 15-692 m.tarentinum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345. Recent.Gulf of Tarento [Italy]. Possible syntypes MHNG1081/57 (7; fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996). Juniorsynonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1897: 41). Remark: Palmer(1987b) argued that this taxon was a distinct speciesand not a junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris.tasmaniensis, Dentalium Tenison-Woods, 1877: 140.Recent. Northwest coast of Tasmania, Australia.Type material apparently lost (fide Lamprell &Healy 1998: 172, citing E. Turner, TMH, pers.comm.). Cotton & Godfrey (1940: 327) gave measurementsof the purported holotype, but their figure348 depicts a subfossil specimen from SouthAustralia. Lamprell & Healy (1998: 172) concludedthat this was an unrecognizable species.† tatei, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 218. Upper Eocene. Glauconiticsands, Adelaide bore, Kent Town, South Australia,Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 252A.Replacement name for Dentalium triquetrum Tate,1887 non Brocchi, 1814. Dentalium (Gadilina) tateiSharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fideLudbrook 1959: 144, pl. 1, fig. 5).† tauraspera, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco,1897: 99, pl. 8, figs 14-17 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Stazzano, Italy.Lectotype MIGT BS.106.02.011 (selected by Pavia,1991: 148); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.008-BS.106.02.010 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:303). Fissidentalium tauroasperum (Sacco, 1897)(fide Pavia 1991: 148-150, pl. 5, figs 1, 3, 6-8; table5). Remark: Pavia (1991) emended the speciesname from “tauraspera” to “tauroasperum”.† tauroasperum, Fissidentalium Pavia, 1991: 148-150,pl. 5, figs 1, 3, 6-8. Emendation of Dentalium(Antale) bouei var. tauraspera Sacco, 1897.† taurocostatum, Dentalium (Antale “?”) Sacco, 1897:101, pl. 8, figs 50-54 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. LectotypeMIGT BS.106.02.043 (selected by Pavia 1991:121); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.043,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)653

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.BS.106.02.044, BS.106.02.046 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 304, pl. 56, figs 7, 8). Antalistaurocostata (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 120-123, pl. 3, figs 1-7).† taurogracilis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco,1897: 99, pl. 8, figs 19-21 [as a nomen nudum inSacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy.Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.013, BS.106.02.014(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303).† taurogracilis, Dentalium (Gadilina) triquetra var.Sacco, 1897: 114, pl. 10, figs 44-46 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills,Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.07.013-BS.106.07.010 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 309).Fustiaria taurogracilis (Sacco, 1897) (fide Báldi1973: 339, pl. 51, fig. 4).† taurominima, Cadulus (Loxoporus) Sacco, 1897:116, pl. 10, fig. 78 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. SyntypeMIGT BS.106.11.001 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al.1984: 310).† taurostriata, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897: 109,pl. 9, figs 47-52 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896:97]. Miocene. Turin hills and Baldissero, Italy.Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.026, BS.106.03.027(fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307, pl. 56,fig. 4).† taurotumidosus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897:115, pl. 10, figs 68-73 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. SyntypesMIGT BS.106.10.008, BS.106.10.009 (fide FerreroMortara et al. 1984: 310, pl. 55, figs 11, 12).† taurovulus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897: 115,pl. 10, figs 64-67 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. LectotypeMIGT BS.106.10.006 (selected by Pavia 1991:134); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.10.005,BS.106.10.007 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:310, pl. 55, figs 7, 8).teliger, Cadulus Finlay, 1926: 444, pl. 19, figs 53, 54.Tertiary of New Zealand. Recent off AucklandIsland, 95 fms [New Zealand, 173 m]. HolotypeAIM; paratypes ANSP 232249, DMNH 22370(fide Mikkelsen & Bradford 1997: 44). Cadulusteliger Finlay, 1926. Pacific Ocean: New Zealand.9-365 m.tenax, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Henderson, 1920:52, pl. 7, fig. 3. Recent. Barbados, Blake stn 272, 76fms [139 m]. Holotype USNM 887472. Synonymof Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881) (n. syn.). WesternAtlantic, Caribbean: Barbados. 60-182 m.† tenue, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 6[ex Münster MS]. Jurassic. Pappenheim, Eichstadt,Bavaria, Germany.tenue, Dentalium Portlock, 1843: 118. Jurassic,Liassic. Aghanloo, Ballymaglin and Ballycarton;Magilligan, Craig and Gortmore, Ireland. HolotypeMuseum of Practical Geology, London, No. 5799(fide Richardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?).Junior homonym of Dentalium tenue Goldfuss,1841. Replacement name: Dentalium portlockiTate, 1870, a junior objective synonym of Laevidentaliumminimum (Buckman in Murchison,1845). Remark: Tate (1870b: 17) suggested thatDentalium andleri Oppel, 1856 “is probably a synonym”of this species, “but, assuming that the twonames refer to the same species, the imperfect diagnosisof Oppel justifies me in discarding his name”.† tenue, Gadila Ozaki, 1956: 2, 3, pl. 1, fig. 7.Miocene. Nisinotani, Nobori, Hane Town, AkiCounty, Kôti Prefecture, Japan. Holotype NSMT4375.† tenuicincta, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968: 236. Eocene,Upper Bartonian. Le Ruel, near Marines, Val-d’Oise,France. Remark: a valid species of Plagioglypta (fideLe Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995:85).† tenuicinctum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 983, 984,pl. 59, figs 5, 6. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf andCalbe, Germany.† tenuicostatum, Dentalium Böhm, 1891: 69, pl. 2,fig. 34. Cretaceous. Gerhardtstreiter Graben, nearSiegsdorf, southern Bavaria, Germany.tenuicostatum, Fissidentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 114,115, figs 5a, b. Recent. South China Sea, 61-117 m. Type depository not indicated (?IOS).Fissidentalium tenuicostatum Qi & Ma, 1989.Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 61-117 m.tenuifissum, Pseudantalis Monterosato, 1875: 20.Recent. Mediterranean. Type material not located.Junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes,1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106).† tenuis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. Eocene,Otatara Group. Whangape Lake, Waikato, NewZealand; Raglan, New Zealand. Lectotype NZGSTM4806 (designated by Keyes 1972: 95).tenuis, Dentalium novemcostatum var. Monterosato,1878: 76 (non tenuis Hutton, 1873, fossil). Recent.Nomen nudum.† tenuis, Helonyx Seguenza, 1879: 118, pl. 11, fig. 50.Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy. Cadulus tenuis(Seguenza, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 239).† tenuissimum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1876: 117,118, pl. 4, fig. 3; 1898: 93, 94, pl. 4i fig. 3.Devonian? Yaas, New South Wales, Australia.† tenuistriata, Cyrtoconella Patrulius, 1996: 18, pl. 5,figs 8, 9. Jurassic, Bathonian/Lower Callovian.Crisul Repede, Vadu Crisului, Apuseni Mountains,northwestern Romania. Holotype IGG P-17196;paratypes IGG P-17197 (19). Remark: Patruliustentatively referred his new species to theScaphopoda.† tenuistriatum, Dentalium Rouault, 1850: 473,pl. 15, fig. 5. Eocene. Bos d’Arros, near Pau, France.tenuistriatum, Dentalium Martin, 1880: 88, pl. 12,fig.12. Miocene. Locality R, Tji-Karang, E ofTijieri, Kendeg district, Sukapura Regency, Java,Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7272 (5) (fide Van den654ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112, pl. 3). Junior homonymof Dentalium tenuistriatum Rouault, 1850;replacement name: Fissidentalium ortus Palmer,1974.tenuistriatum, Dentalium Tavera, 1942: 600. Tertiary.Arauco, Chile. Nomen nudum. Remarks: Feruglio(1949b: 239) cited this name, but did not validateit. We could not determine if this name was evervalidated; if so, it would be a junior homonym ofDentalium tenuistriatum Rouault, 1850 andMartin, 1880.tenuistriatum, Dentalium klipsteini “n.f.” Zardini,1978: 56, pl. 39, figs 19, 22, 23, pl. 40, fig. 13.Triassic, St. Cassian Formation. Cortina d’Ampezzo,Italy. Remarks: this taxon is an infrasubspecificname, pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 46.6.3,and therefore is not an available name pursuant toICZN (1999) article 46.5. Stiller (2001: 630) erroneouslyused this name as a valid subspecies ofProdentalium klipsteini (Kittl, 1891).† tenuisulcatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hölzl, 1962:135, 136, pl. 8, fig. 7. Oligocene, Chattian. Isaruferam Kalvarienberg (Tölz), Bavaria, Germany.Holotype Bayerisches Staatsammlung fürPaläontologie und Historische Geologie 2160(Sammlung Hölzl).teramachii, Entalina Habe, 1953: 299. Nomen nudum.Remark: validated by Kuroda & Habe in Habe1963: 273, pl. 38, figs 12, 13.teramachii, Entalina Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963:273, pl. 38, figs 12, 13. As a nomen nudum in Habe(1953: 299). Recent. Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan,200 m. Holotype and paratype NSMT. Junior synonymof Megaentalina mediocarinata (Boissevain,1906) (fide Habe 1964: 42).teres, Siphodentalium Jeffreys, 1883: 661, pl. 49, fig. 5.Recent. Type locality not specified. SyntypesBMNH 85.11.5.1318-1319 (Porcupine 1870 stn16-17a [off Portugal]; stn 16: 39°55’N, 9°56’W,994 fms [1723 m]; stn 17: 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]; stn 17a: 39°39’N,9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]). Pulsellum teres(Jeffreys, 1883) n. comb. Eastern Atlantic: Europe.1095-2400 m.† terquemi, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 589, 590[ex Tate MS]. Jurassic, Hettangian. Aiglemont,France. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 39) statedthat this species was a nomen dubium.tersus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 149, 150,pl. 20, fig. 4. Recent. Off Barbados, State Univ.Iowa Exp. stn 51, 33 fms [60 m]. Holotype USNM596600. Cadulus tersus Henderson, 1920. WesternAtlantic, Caribbean. 60-137 m.† teschi, Dentalium subrectum subsp. Koperberg,1931: 25, 26. Neogene/Quaternary. Locality 1(“Clypeasterblok Noil Boenoe”); locality 2(“Tusschen [between] Niki-Niki en [and] HorstPené”); locality 4 (“Omgeving van Niki-Niki(gekocht van [purchased from (Mr.?)] Venema)”);locality 6 (“Nono Fatoe Fekoe (gemengd met[mixed with (shells from)] Toi Oesapi Soka)”),Timor. Junior synonym: Dentalium semarangenseAltena, 1938. Dentalium teschi Koperberg, 1931.Remark: see under Dentalium subrectum Martin,1885.tessellatum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 214, 215, figs21a-e, 22. Recent. Philippines, RV CoriolisMUSORSTOM 3, stn DR140, 11°43’N,122°34’E, 93-99 m. Holotype and 3 paratypesMNHN. Junior synonym of Entalinopsis habutae(Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) (V. Scarabino, n. syn.).tesseragonum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip &Sowerby, 1832: 29, pl. 224, figs 21, 22. Recent.Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; Puerto Portrero [CostaRica]; Xipixapi, Colombia. Syntypes BMNH1950.11.5.15-18. Tesseracme tesseragona (Sowerbyin Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 34). Eastern Pacific: Colombia, CostaRica. 16-23 m.tetragonum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Brocchi, 1814:627, 628, pl. 15, fig. 26. Pliocene. Northern Italy.Holotype and paratype MSNM 505 (fide RossiRonchetti 1955: 342, 343, fig. 185). Junior synonyms:Dentalium quinquangulare Forbes, 1844 (fideMonterosato 1872: 27); Siphonodentalium pentagonumM. Sars, 1865 (fide M. Sars 1870: 195, placingS. pentagonum in synonymy with quinquangulare);Dentalium karreri Hörnes, 1875 (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 234). Entalina tetragona (Brocchi,1814) (fide Monterosato 1872: 27). Eastern Atlantic:Europe; Mediterranean. 68-2664 m. Remark: Pavia(1991: 133) suggested that Entalina viallii Caprotti,1962 might also be a junior synonym.tetrapleurum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 41, 42,pl. 6, fig. 37. Recent. Anchorage of Djankar, Java,Siboga stn 4, 7°42’S, 114°12.6’E, 9 m. LectotypeZMA 3.06.049 (designated by Scarabino 1995:224); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.050 (1; Ruma-KudaBay, Roma Island, Siboga stn 279, 36 m).Tesseracme tetrapleura (Boissevain, 1906) (fideHabe & Kosuge 1964: 5, as synonym ofT. quadrapicale; this synonymy was rejected byScarabino 1995: 224). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toNew Caledonia. 9-70 m.tetraschistum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 521[Watson 1886: 15, pl. 2, fig. 8]. Recent. Anchorageoff Fernando Noronha Island [Brazil], Challengerstn 113a, 3°57’S, 32°24’30”W, 7-25 fms [13-46 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.66. Junior synonyms:Siphonodentalium quadridentatum Dall,1881; Cadulus incisus Bush, 1885; Cadulus(Polyschides) quadridentatus acompsus Henderson,1920 (fide Scarabino 1980: 11). Polyschidestetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 148). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: NorthCarolina (USA) to Argentina. 0-120 m.tetrodon, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898:151, 152, pl. 29, figs 14-18. Recent. 5 miles offZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)655

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Cape Florida, 8 fms [15 m]. Syntypes ANSP 71070(5), USNM 84953, AMNH 148360. Polyschidestetrodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Western Atlantic,Florida. 5-155 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1994: 310)listed this name as a junior synonym of P. tetraschistus(Watson, 1879), rejecting his previous conclusions(Scarabino 1980: 12) that this was a validspecies. Since Scarabino (1994) did not explain whyhe changed his mind, and because the descriptionsand comparison of tetrodon and tetraschistus givenby Pilsbry & Sharp (1898) clearly indicate two distinctspecies, the synonymy with tetraschistus byScarabino (1994) is here rejected. Boyko & Sage(1996: 31) listed the AMNH specimen as a paralectotype,although Henderson’s (1920: 101) citationto ANSP 71070 as the “type” referred to a lotcontaining 5 specimens, without designating alectotype.texasianum, Dentalium Philippi, 1849: 144. Recent.Galveston, Texas. Type material not located. Juniorsynonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu,1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183).† thalloides, Dentalium Conrad, 1833: 34, pl. 15,fig. 10. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA.Lectotype ANSP 65242 (designated by Palmer1937: 14); paralectotype ANSP 65243 (6). Juniorsynonyms: Dentalium alternatum Lea, 1833;Dentalium asgum de Gregorio, 1890; Dentaliumasgum var. tirpum de Gregorio, 1890; Dentaliumbimixtum de Gregorio, 1890 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 218). Dentalium thaloides [de Gregorio,1890: 171] is an incorrect subsequent spelling.† thallus, Dentalium Conrad, 1834: 142. Miocene.Suffolk, Virginia, USA. Cadulus thallus (Conrad,1834) (fide Dall 1892: 445 and Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 239).thaloides, see thalloides.thetidis, Dentalium Hedley, 1903: 327, fig. 61.Recent. 5-8 miles off Port Kembla, New SouthWales, Australia, 63-75 fms [115-137 m].Lectotype AMS C16212 (designated by Colman1958: 141, 142 as “holotype”); paralectotypes AMSC170641 (2; off Cape Three Points, 41-50 fms [75-91 m]). Striodentalium thetidis (Hedley, 1903)(fide Scarabino 1995: 239). Indo-Pacific: Australia,Philippines. 80-242 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy(1998: 48) listed Entalinopsis intercostata(Boissevain, 1906) as a junior synonym of thisspecies.thielei, Cadulus Plate, 1908b: 3, 4, text-figs 6-11.Recent. Deutsche Südpolar Exp. stn 56, 380-385 m. Lectotype ZMB 59726a (designated byKilias 1995: 177); paralectotype ZMB 59726b (4).Cadulus thielei Plate, 1908. East Antarctica. 362-385 m.thomassini, Pulsellum Scarabino, 1995: 321-322,figs 123, 125b. Recent. Madagascar, NortheastBanc du Geyser, BENTHEDI stn DR11,12°16.3’S, 46°42.2’E, 2450-2300 m. HolotypeMNHN; paratypes MNHN (6 from DR11; 2 fromDR88, 11°46’S, 47°34’E, 3700 m; 2 from DS106,20°28’S, 55°05’E, 1710-1730 m; 2 from DS151,20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3240-3300 m). Pulsellumthomassini Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific:Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1730-3716 m.tibanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Nomura, 1940: 101,102, pl. 1, fig. 11. Recent. E of Inubo-zaki, Japan,Husa-Maru stn 15, 40 m. Syntypes SHM 17981(10). Junior synonym: Antalis boissevainae Palmer,1974, a replacement name for Dentalium entalis var.indicum Boissevain, 1906 non Dentalium indicumChenu, 1843 (fide Habe 1964: 19; in contrast toHabe 1963: 262, where he did not synonymize thetwo species). Antalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fideHabe 1961: 105). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japanand Vanuatu. 0-200 m.† tigillum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1931: 194, pl. 11,figs 5, 6. Neogene. Unetomari, Obirashibets,Teshio, Japan; Morai, near Atsuta, Ishikari, Japan.Syntype GIUT (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209).tignum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Colman, 1958: 141,fig. 1. Recent. 35 miles E of Sydney, New SouthWales, 800 fms [1460 m]. Holotype AMS C24485;paratype AMS C170643 (27.5 miles E of Sydney,New South Wales, 550 m; fide Lamprell & Healy1998: 29). Junior synonym of Paradentaliumhemileuron (Verco, 1911) (fide Lamprell & Healy1998: 29).tirpum, Dentalium asgum var. de Gregorio, 1890: 172.Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Type material lost(fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 369). Junior synonymof Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 218).tiwhana, Dentalium Dell, 1953. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.tolmiei, Cadulus Dall, 1897: 13, pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent.Near Victoria, Vancouver Island [British Columbia,Canada], 60 fms [110 m]. Holotype not located;figured paratype USNM 107613 (Shimek [1989:235] referred to USNM 107613 as the “figuredparatype”, but is more likely to be the holotype,since Dall [1897] gave the measurements of a singleshell; it is improbable that only a paratype wouldhave been figured in the original). Gadila tolmiei(Dall, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 181).Eastern Pacific: Canada to California. 80-350 m.Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) placedthis species in the genus Polyschides.tomlini, Dentalium Melvill, 1918: 155, 156, pl. 5,fig. 31. Recent. Karachi [Pakistan]. SyntypesBMNH 1921.1.28.36-40, NMW 1955.158.592-93 (fide Trew, 1987: 68). Dentalium tomliniMelvill, 1918. Indian Ocean, India. No bathymetricdata available.tonosum, see torosum.† tornatissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tate, 1899:265, 266, pl. 8, figs 7-7a. “Miocene” (Pliocene).Gippsland Lakes, Australia. Holotype and paratype656ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)SAM T 1609. Fustiaria tornatissima (Tate, 1899)(fide Ludbrook 1959: 143, 144, pl. 2, figs 6, 7).tornatum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 518, 519[Watson 1886: 13, pl. 2, fig. 3]. Recent. Levuka,Fiji, Challenger stn 173, 174, 12 fms [22 m].Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.57-60 (6). Junior synonymof Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871)(fide Scarabino 1995: 286).torosum, Dentalium Zenker, 1836: 231, 232. Triassic.Rauhthal, near Jena, Germany. Junior synonym ofDentalium torquatus (Schlotheim, 1820) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 228). Dentalium tonosum[Geinitz, 1837: caption to pl. 1, fig. 2] is an incorrectsubsequent spelling.† torquatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94. Triassic,Wellenkalk. Farrenstadt, near Querfurth, Germany.Entalis torquata (Schlotheim, 1820) (fide Diener1926: 230).tosaensis, Antalis Habe, 1963: 264, pl. 38, fig. 2.Recent. Off Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, 200 m.Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Striodentaliumtosaensis (Habe, 1963) (fide Habe 1964: 23). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 200-620 m.† totomiensis, Dentalium (Antalis) Makiyama, 1931:44, 45, pl. 1, figs 2-4. Pliocene, Hosoya Beds.Localities 522 and 523, Totomi, Ugari District,Japan. Holotype FGK (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961:209).toyamaense, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 11,pl. 1, figs 5, 6. Recent. Toyama Bay, Honshu,Japan, 200-400 m. Syntypes in FGK. Rhabdustoyamaense (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) (fide Steiner1999: 154). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 200-1400 m.Remarks: the original description did not specify aholotype. Habe (1963: 269) referred to the “typeand paratype specimens”, but did not indicatewhich specimen was the “type”, so this did notconstitute a valid lectotype designation.trachea, Dentalium Montagu, 1803. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.tracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Boissevain, 1906:56, 57, pl. 4, fig. 22. Recent. Indonesia, Banda Sea,Siboga stn 208, 05°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.076 (designated by Scarabino1995: 297); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.075(3; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 7°24’S, 118°15.2’E,794 m), ZMA 3.06.077 (2), ZMA 3.06.078(11; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271, 5°46.7’S,134°00’E, 1788 m), ZMA 3.06.079 (4; Timor Sea,Siboga stn 300, 10°47.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m),ZMA 3.06.080 (1, second specimen probably lost;Flores Sea, Siboga stn 314, 7°36’S, 117°30.8’E,694 m). Junior synonym of Omniglypta cerina(Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Habe 1964: 37; fide Scarabino1995: 297).transiens, Dentalium (Antalis) kickxi var. Steininger,1963b: 36, 37, pl. 12, figs 1a, b [nomen nudum inSteininger 1963a: 34]. Burdigal, Lower Miocene.Dornergraben bei Fels am Wagram, Niederösterreich[Lower Austria, Austria]. Holotype PIUV1663. Junior homonym of Dentalium michelottiivar. transiens Boettger, 1907. Junior synonym ofAntalis kickxii (Nyst, 1843).† transiens, Dentalium michelotti var. Boettger, 1907:209. Miocene. Parau Ungurului, Valea Semini, andValea Casilor, Kostej, Romania. Lectotype SMFXIII.1a (designated by Zilch 1934: 279, pl. 22,fig. 28). Junior homonym: Dentalium (Antalis)kickxii var. transiens Steininger, 1963. Dentaliummichelottii transiens Boettger, 1907 (fide Zilch1934: 279).transitorius, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920:143, 144, pl. 19, figs 6, 7. Recent. Little BahamaBank, USBF stn 2654, 27°57’30”N, 77°27’30”W,660 fms [1204 m]. Holotype USNM 330589;paratypes USNM 95375, USNM 108170, USNM314821, USNM 312822, USNM 314823, USNM323779, USNM 323813, USNM 330676, AMNH148334 (8; USBF stn 2668, off Fernandina,Florida, 294 fms [537 m], fide Boyko & Sage 1996:31), MCZ 7744. Cadulus transitorius Henderson,1920. Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Bahamas toBrazil. 148-1349 m.translucidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362 [42 inreprint], pl. 16, fig. 26. Recent. Type locality notspecified. Type material not located. Nomen dubium.Laevidentalium(?) translucidum (Deshayes,1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 99), but not incurrent use. Remark: generic assignment uncertain.translucidum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 12[1852: 8]. Recent. Type locality not specified. Typematerial not located. Junior homonym ofDentalium translucidum Deshayes, 1825. Juniorsynonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90).† transsilvanicum, Siphonodentalium Boettger, 1897:55, 56. Miocene. Kostej and Ober-Lapugy, Banat,Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.4a (designated byZilch 1934: 279, pl. 22, fig. 26). Siphonodentaliumtranssylvanicum Boettger, 1897 (fide Zilch 1934:279).† transversatum, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23. [Fossil].Sternberg, Germany.transversostriatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 32,pl. 4, fig. 23. Recent. Indian Ocean, Off Saleyer,Siboga stn 212, 5°54.5’S, 120°19.2’E, 462 m.Syntypes ZMA 3.06.028-029 (3). Junior synonymof Fissidentalium shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894)(fide Scarabino 1995: 248). Remark: V. Scarabino(in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status ofF. transversostriatum vis-à-vis F. shoplandi requiresfurther research.† trautscholdi, Dentalium Koenen, 1868: 160.Oligocene. Aral Sea. Junior synonym: Dentaliumhaeringense Dreger, 1892 (fide Merklin & Goncharova1967: 118). Dentalium (Coccodentalium)trautscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Merklin &Goncharova 1967: 118).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)657

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.† tredecimcostatum, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 104, pl. 8, fig. 70 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. San Agata,Italy. Type material not mentioned by FerreroMortara et al. (1984: 305).tricarinatum, Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) Boissevain,1906: 48, 49, text-fig. 23, pl. 6, figs 40, 41. Recent.Ceram Sea, Siboga stn 178, 2°40’S, 128°37.5’E,835 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.060 (designated byHabe 1964: 33, 34, and unnecessarily by Scarabino1995: 316); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.056 (1),ZMA 3.06.057 (1; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208,5°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA 3.06.058 (1;Banda Sea, Siboga stn 211, 5°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E,1158 m), ZMA 3.06.059 (3; Timor Sea, Siboga stn300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m). Junior synonym:Dentalium (Compressidens) capense Tomlin,1931 (fide Scarabino 1995: 316). Rhomboxiphustricarinatus (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Chistikov1983: 185). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Japan andTasman Sea. 495-4830 m.tricostatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1844. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.tridentata, Pertusiconcha Chistikov, 1982a: 678-681,pl. 4, figs 2-13, pl. 5, figs 10, 11. Recent. TasmanSea, Mendeleev stn 1244, 31°42.6’S, 159°00.2’E,1640 m. Holotype IOM. Pertusiconcha tridentataChistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to NewZealand. 825-2470 m.† triedra, Serpula Quenstedt, 1856: 200, 329, pl. 25,fig. 55. Jurassic. Dörlbach, Germany. Remarks:Quenstedt (1856: 329) suggested that this speciesmight be referrable to Dentalium; Richardson (1906:590-592) suggested that this species might be a seniorsynonym of Dentalium trigonalis Moore, 1866.trigonale, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 191, pl. 10,fig. 192; 1887: 191, pl. 10, fig. 192. Miocene.Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7276(fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112).Junior homonym of Dentalium trigonalis Moore,1866; replacement name: Gadilina trigonaloidesPalmer, 1974.† trigonalis, Dentalium “?” Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5,fig. 22. Jurassic, Middle Lias (Pliensbachian).Camerton, England, United Kingdom. HolotypeGeology Museum Bath (England), M973 (fidePalmer, 1987a: 30). Progadilina trigonalis (Moore,1866) (fide Emerson 1987: 30). Remark:Richardson (1906: 590-592) suggested that Serpulatriedra Quenstedt, 1856 might be a senior synonymof Dentalium trigonalis.† trigonaloides, Gadilina Palmer, 1974b: 124.Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. HolotypeRGM 7276 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al.2002: 112). Replacement name for Dentalium trigonaleMartin, 1885 non Dentalium trigonalis Moore,1866.trigonum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155. Nomennudum. Tertiary. Tabbiano [Italy].† triquetrum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814: 628.Pliocene. Italy. Lectotype MSNM 506 (selected byRossi Ronchetti 1955: 340, 341, fig. 184). Gadilinatriquetra (Brocchi, 1814) (fide Pavia 1991: 130,131, pl. 7, figs 7, 8).triquetrum, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887: 193, pl. 20,fig. 3. Upper Eocene. Glauconitic sands, Adelaidebore, Kent Town, South Australia, Australia.Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 252A. Juniorhomonym of Dentalium triquetrum Brocchi, 1814.Replacement name: Dentalium tatei Sharp &Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898.truncatum, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain, 1906:51, text-fig. 27, pl. 6, fig. 33. Recent. Localities ofsyntypes: ZMA 3.06.065 (1; Celebes Sea, Siboga stn90, 01°17.5’N, 118°53’E, 281 m), ZMA 3.06.066-067 (2; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S,132°32.5’E, 397 m). Episiphon(?) truncatum(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 289).Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 281-397 m.† tryoni, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 468,469, pl. 10, figs 5, 9, pl. 11, fig. 22. Oligocene.Dominican Republic. Syntypes ANSP 2710 (fidePilsbry 1922: 399), ANSP 79570.tubiforme, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 19, 20, pl. 6,fig. 5. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 212, 05°56’S,120°19’E, 462 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.013 (designatedby Scarabino 1995: 310); paralectotype ZMA3.06.012 (1; stn 159, 0°59.1’S, 129°19.2’E, 411m). Spadentalina tubiformis (Boissevain, 1906)(fide Habe 1963: 264). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toJapan. 200-702 m.tubulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson, 1920: 56,pl. 8, fig. 5. Recent. Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn20, 23°02’30”N, 83°11’W, 220 fms [402 m].Syntypes USNM 95367 (2). Antalis tubulata(Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean.31-536 m.tugaruense, Dentalium Nomura & Hatai, 1940: 73,pl. 3, fig. 4. Recent. Kyûruko-sima Islands, AomoriPrefecture, Northeast Honsyû, Japan, stn 18,40°36’N, 139°45’45”E, 103 m. Holotype SHM10997. Junior synonym of Entalinopsis intercostata(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272).tumida, see tumidula.tumidosus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 156, 157. Recent.Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH1885.11.5.1288-90 (3; Porcupine, no locality),BMNH 1877.11.28.58 (3) and USNM 169497 (1)(Valorous, stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms[2646 m]), USNM 169498 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn39), USNM 169500 (18; Porcupine , 1870 stn 22,26, 31, 34), USNM 169501 (15; Porcupine 1870stn 16, 54°19’N, 11°50’W, 816 fms [1489 m]),USNM 169502 (many; Porcupine 1870 stn 17a,39°39’N, 9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]), USNM169503 (many; Porcupine 1870 stn 17 39°42’N,9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]). Cadulustumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. Western Atlantic:658ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Caribbean to Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: Europe,Africa. 295-2853 m. Remarks: also described fromJosephine Exp. (110-550 fms [201-1004 m]) andfossil outcrops at “Messina [Sicily] (Seguenza)”;these specimens were not located. Jeffreys (1883:665) mentions a var. minor (nomen nudum) fromPorcupine 1870 stns 17a, 22, 24, and 31-34, thetypes of which have not been segregated from thoseof the full species.tumidula, Cadulus jeffreysi var. Jeffreys, 1883: 665.Recent. Travailleur Exp. 1880 [Bay of Biscay].Syntypes USNM 175843 (21). Synonym ofCadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875). Cadulus jeffreysivar. tumida “Jeffreys” [Locard, 1898: 141] isan incorrect subsequent spelling.† tumidum, Dentalium W. D. Smith, 1913: 292,pl. 19, fig. 2. “Pleistocene or Recent shales.”Locality 1054, San Rafael, Agusan River, Mindanao,Philippines.† turgidus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 65, pl. 1, fig. 10.Eocene. Matthews’ Landing, Alabama, USA.Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638813 (as “holotype”in Palmer & Brann 1965: 364).turnerae, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986a: 3, 4, figs 1-5, 12-16. Recent. Northwest Atlantic, Chain 50 stn80, 34°49.8’N, 66°34’W, 4970 m. Holotype MCZ293959; paratypes MCZ 293957, 293958, 293959,293960, 293961, MHNM 14757, 14758, 14759,MNHN. Wemersoniella turnerae Scarabino, 1986.North Atlantic: Puerto Rican Trench to Europe.4240-4970 m. Remarks: MCZ paratype lots not yetdeposited. Scarabino (1986a: 7) listed the localitiesof all the lots of this species, but did not correlatethe stations with the museum catalog numbers.† turoniense, Dentalium Woods, 1896: 96, pl. 4,figs 16, 17. Cretaceous. Chalk Rock of Winchester,Cuckhamsley and Luton, England, UnitedKingdom.† turritum, Dentalium Lea, 1833: 35, pl. 1, fig. 3.Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. HolotypeANSP 5015 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 365).Polyschides turritus (Lea, 1833) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 239).tuscarorae, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1316, 1317,pl. 1, figs 7, 8, pl. 3, figs 12-18, pl. 4, figs 1, 2.Recent. Off Japan, Vitjaz stn 3575-T, 38°02.1’N,146°33.1’E, 5475 m. Holotype IOM; paratypesIOM (6 from stn 3575-T; 1 from stn 3198-T,39°02.9’N, 151°50.6’E, 5817-5807 m; 1 from stn3232-D, 33°18’N, 149°45.7’E, 6070 m; 1 from3240-D, 37°42.5’N, 156°23.6’E, 5790 m; 1 fromstn 5620-T, 44°48’N, 156°33’E, 5045-5005 m;1 from stn 5623-T, 45°26’N, 154°59’E, 5045-4995m; 8 from 5624-T, 45°26’N 154°12’E, 5200 m;1 from stn 7499-T, 37°58’N, 144°12’E, 6499-6640 m). Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982.Indo-Pacific: Philippines to Japan. 2050-6640 m.† tutongense, Dentalium (Dentalium) javanum subsp.Beets, 1984: 26, pl. 1, figs 20-23. Late Miocene.Preangerian. Near Sekurau, northern Kutai,Kalimantan Timur [East Borneo], Indonesia.Holotype RGM 315069; paratypes RGM 315068,315070, 315071.† twistringense, Fissidentalium R. Janssen, 1989: 82,84, pl. 1, figs 3-6. Miocene, Reinbekian. Twistringen,Niedersachsen, Germany. Holotype SMF 308305 ;paratypes SMF 308306, SMF 308307, SMF308309/200; RGM 227724.typa, Throopella Greger, 1933. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.tytthum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 520 [Watson1886: 14, pl. 2, fig. 5]. Recent. North of CulebraIsland, West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N,65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH1887.2.9.63 (4). Siphonodentalium(?) tytthumWatson, 1879. Known from the type locality only.† uchauxiense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897: 267, 268,pl. 2, figs 33, 34. Cretaceous, Turonian. Uchaux,Vaucluse, France.undatum, Dentalium Defrance, 1819. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.† undecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897: 103, pl. 8, figs 66-68 [as a nomennudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. San Agata andAstigiana, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.058-BS.106.02.60 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984:305).† undiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885: 72, pl. 3,fig. 17. Paleocene. Near Copenhagen, Denmark.† undulatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166,fig. 8 [ex Münster MS]. Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol,Austria/Italy. Plagioglypta undulata (Goldfuss,1841) (fide Stiller 2001: 624). Remark: also cited inWissmann, 1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 6.† uscarianum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson,1922: 338, 339 [166, 167], pl. 15, fig. 1. Miocene,Uscari Stage. Costa Rica and Panama (various localities).Holotype PRI 21115 (Rio Coches, CostaRica) (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 322).usitatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 168, pl. 4,figs 16, 16a. Recent. Off Colombo, Ceylon [SriLanka], 6°32’N, 79°37’E, 675 fms [1232 m].Syntypes ZSI 5410 (fide list in BMNH), BMNH1894.9.11.8 (1; Bay of Bengal, 597 fms [1090 m]).Antalis usitata (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Ludbrook1954: 91). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia.56-1542 m.† vacavillensis, Dentalium Palmer, 1923: 302, 303.Middle Eocene. UCMP Locality 3573, nearVacaville, California, USA. Holotype UCMP30593; paratypes UCMP 30594-30595.vagina, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 155. Recent.Greenland, Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W,1785 fms [3215 m]. Holotype USNM 174993.Junior synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46). Remark: Jeffreysalso referred to “perhaps two imperfect specimensof a Dentalium from Station 12, 1450 fathoms,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)659

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.[that] may belong to the same species”. However,this is too tentative to consider those two specimens,now catalogued as USNM 174992 (Valorousstn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland,2646 m]), to constitute type material.vagina, Fustiaria Scarabino, 1995: 281, figs 71h, 87,88i. Recent. New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands,MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW340, 19°49’S, 158°41’E,675-680 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN(1 from DW341; 1 from DW357; 2 from DW46;2 from DW49; 1 from CP290; 1 from DW468),AMS C201726 (1), NMNZ M268953 (1; DW49),USNM 890868. Fustiaria vagina Scarabino, 1995.Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 290-820 m.† valangiense, Dentalium Pictet & Campiche, 1864:723, pl. 98, figs 16-18. Cretaceous, Neocomian,Valanginian. Villers-le-Lac, near Locle, Sainte-Croix, Switzerland.valdiviae, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 312,fig. 11. Recent. Off Somalia, Valdivia stn 251,01°41’S, 41°47’E, 693 m. Lectotype ZMB 75370a(designated by Kilias 1995: 177); paralectotypesZMB 75370b (1), ZMB 75371 (1; stn 256,01°49’S, 45°29.5’E, 1134 m). Cadulus valdiviaeJaeckel, 1932. Indian Ocean, Africa. 693-1134 m.valdiviae, Dentalium (Antalis) Plate, 1908a: 355, 356,pl. 30, figs 38, 39. Recent. North Atlantic, S of[Wyville] Thomson Rise, Valdivia stn 11,58°36.6’N, 11°33’W, 1750 m. Lectotype ZMB61079 (designated by Kilias 1995: 177). Antalisvaldiviae (Plate, 1908). Known from the typelocality only. Remarks: in addition to the singlewell preserved specimen, Plate mentioned twoincomplete specimens and a fragment that were notlisted by Kilias (1995: 177). These specimenswould constitute paralectotypes, since Plate did notspecify a holotype. The description, the illustration,and the locality fit well with Fissidentalium candidum(Jeffreys, 1877), but we have not yet seen thetypes.vallicolens, Dentalium Raymond, 1904: 123, 124.Recent. Type locality not specified; syntypes fromSanta Monica Bay [California], off Redondo,Vincente (or Redondo) submerged valley, 145 fms[265 m]. Syntypes CAS 064381 (1), CAS 064383(1), CAS 064385 (1), CAS 066519 (4); the syntypesfrom the following localities could not belocated: stn 14, off Point Fermin, California,100 fms [183 m]; stn 70, La Jolla submerged valley,California, 54-117 fms [99-214 m]; stn 79, off SanDiego, California, 64 fms [117 m]. Dentalium vallicolensRaymond, 1904. Eastern Pacific:California. 154-410 m.† vaningeni, Dentalium n. nom. Late Cretaceous,Senonian. Near Kerak, Jordan Valley, Jordan.Syntype YPM 35573 (fide White 1998: 4).Replacement name for Dentalium hexagonum VanIngen, 1905 non Dentalium hexagonum Gould,1859.variabile, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367 [32, 33 inreprint], pl. 16, ig fig. 30. Recent. India (?).Lectotype and 163 paralectotypes MNHN (designatedby Scarabino 1995: 201). Junior synonyms:Dentalium multistriatum Deshayes, 1825 (fideScarabino 1995: 200, by First Reviser action,according to ICZN 1999: article 24); Dentaliumbelcheri Sowerby, 1860 (fide Habe 1963: 258).Dentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825. Indo-Pacific:Indonesia to Japan. 10-75 m.varians, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Scarabino, 1973:196, 197, pl. 1, figs 4, 4a-d. Recent. 24°20’S,44°40’W, 130 m. Holotype MHNM 2702;paratypes MHNM 2703-2706. Subspecies ofAntalis cerata (Dall, 1881). Western Atlantic:Brazil to Uruguay. 110-175 m.† varicostata, Dentalium Dockery in MacNeil &Dockery, 1984: 246, 247, pl. 69, figs 9, 11-16,pl. 70, figs 1-6. Lower Oligocene, Mint SpringFormation. Mississippi Geological Survey 99,Mississippi, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology376680.† vaughani, Cadulus Dall, 1912: 6. Pleistocene. USGSstn 5850, Canal Zone, Panama. Syntypes USNMPaleobiology 214361 (numerous).† vaughani, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941: 252, 253,pl. 46, fig. 15. Cretaceous, Navarro Group. USGSlocality 16170, Neylandville marl, on the CorsicanaRoad, 2.5 miles N of Corbet, Navarro County,Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 76765;17 paratypes USNM Paleobiology 76766.vayssierei, Dentalium Fenaux, 1942. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda.vemae, Costentalina Scarabino, 1986b: 2, 3, figs 1-7.Recent. Vema stn 81 (V-17-81), 44°35’S, 44°19’W[Argentine Basin], 5332 m. Holotype AMNH202762; paratype AMNH 202763 (1; stn 85 [V-17-85], 47°35’S, 43°21’W, 5495 m). Costentalinavemae Scarabino, 1986. Western Atlantic:Argentine Basin. 5332-5495 m.† venezuelana, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium “?”)Weisbord, 1964: 127, 128, pl. 17, fig. 7, pl. 18,figs 7, 8. Pliocene, Playa Grande Formation.Weisbord Station W-23, north flank of PuntaGorda anticline,Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26888.ventricosa, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898:142, pl. 7, figs 19-21. Recent. Type locality notspecified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located.Synonym of Cadulus monterosatoi Locard,1897.ventricosa, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143.Recent. Type locality not specified [NorthAtlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym ofCadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877.† ventricosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1828: 539. Miocene.Castell’Arquato, Piacenza, Italy. Junior synonym:Siphonodentalium (Loxoporus) ligusticus Razzore,1896 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240). Remarks:Doderlein (1864: 98 [16]) listed this as “Gadus ven-660ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)tricosus nob.” but this was merely a new generic combination,not a new species. Gadila ventricosa (Bronn,1828) (fide Pavia 1991: 139-144, pl. 8, figs 9-14;table 4; text-fig. 7). This species was misidentified asDentalium coarctatum by Lamarck, 1818.ventricosus, Gadus Benoist, 1873: 269. Miocene.Giradueau, France. Junior secondary homonym ofCadulus ventricosus (Bronn, 1828). Replacementname: Gadila benoisti Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917.† venustum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1861: 145.Carboniferous. Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois,USA.verconis, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Cotton &Ludbrook, 1938: 221, 222, pl. 12, fig. 1. Recent.Off Beachport, South Australia, 200 fms [366 m].Holotype SAM D 13341. Fissidentalium verconis(Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938). Pacific Ocean: SouthAustralia. 150-1210 m.vernedei, Dentalium Hanley in Sowerby, 1860: 101,pl. 223, fig. 3. Recent. Japan. Holotype UMZCI.100,760. Pictodentalium vernedei (Hanley inSowerby, 1860) (fide Habe 1964: 16). Indo-Pacific:China, Japan. 20-128 m.verrilli, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 136, 137,pl. 19, fig. 13. Recent. Off Martha’s Vineyard[Massachusetts], USBF stn 871, 40°02’54”N,70°23’40”W, 115 fms [210 m]. Holotype USNM38693; paratypes USNM 38693 (7), USNM 38694(1; off Martha’s Vineyard, USFB stn 873, 100 fms[183 m]), USNM 61144 (5), MCZ 186819 (2;USFC 871, 115 fms [210 m]), AMNH 148343 (1).Gadila verrilli (Henderson, 1920). WesternAtlantic. 182-210 m.verrilli, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionaleHenderson, 1920: 62, 63, pl. 9, fig. 3. Recent. OffGeorge Banks, USBF stn 2083, 959 fms [1750 m].Lectotype (of solidum Verrill) USNM 34687 (designatedby Henderson 1920: 63); paralectotypesUSNM 34688, USNM 34904, USNM 34911,USNM 35635, USNM 35636, USNM 35645,AMNH 148370 (3). Replacement name forDentalium solidum Verrill, 1884 non Dentaliumsolidum Hutton, 1873. Junior synonym of Fissidentaliumcandidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1897: 72).verrilli, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium)Henderson, 1920: 91, 92, pl. 16, figs 2, 7. Recent.Off Nantucket [Massachusetts], Albatross USBF stn2710, 40°06’N, 68°01’30”W, 984 fms [1796 m].Holotype USNM 314844; paratype MCZ 186821(1). Pulsellum verrilli (Henderson, 1920) (fideEmerson in Turgeon 1988: 51). Western Atlantic:Massachusetts (USA). 700-1796 m.† verrucosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584 [illustratedby Eichwald 1860: 1063, pl. 40, fig. 6].Carboniferous [“Bergkalke”]. Artinsk, Urals,Russia.† viallii, Entalina Caprotti, 1962: 97, 98, pl. 16,figs 1-3. Lower Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Piacenza,Italy. Holotype MSNM. Remark: Pavia (1991:133) suggested that Entalina viallii might be a juniorsynonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1815).vicdani, Fissidentalium Kosuge, 1981: 114, 115,pl. 39, figs 5-7. Recent. Bohol, Philippines. HolotypeIMT 81-36. Fissidentalium vicdani Kosuge,1981. Indo-Pacific: Philippines. 448-466 m.† vicksburgensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885: 463; 1886: 65,pl. 3, fig. 6. Oligocene. Vicksburg, Mississippi,USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 644575.vietnamicus, Polyschides Chistikov, 1979a: 113, fig. 6.Recent. Tonking, Vietnam, VD-12 stn 1, 8 m.Holotype ZIN. Polyschides vietnamicus Chistikov,1979. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, China, Vietnam,Philippines, Borneo. 8-13 m.† vinassai, Dentalium Cossmann, 1912: 215.Oligocene. Replacement name for Dentalium ancepsVinassa de Regny, 1898 [ex Meneghini MS] nonSowerby, 1837.† vincense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947: 209,210, pl. 26, figs 29-31. Eocene, Jackson Formation.Arkansas, USA. Holotype PRI 4468; paratypes PRI4469, PRI 4470.vincentianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey,1940: 338, 339, fig. 360. Recent. Holdfast Bay, StVincent Gulf, South Australia. Holotype SAM D13730. Cadulus vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey,1940. Pacific Ocean: eastern and southernAustralia; Antarctica. 4-2780 m.viperidens, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1896: 314,pl. 11, fig. 79. Recent. Lifu and Uvea, LoyaltyIslands, New Caledonia, beach. Syntypes MM EE3797 (figured syntype), NMW 1955.158.594-595(6; fide Trew 1987: 70, 71). Dischides viperidens(Melvill & Standen, 1896) (fide Scarabino 1995:342). Known from the type locality only.virginalis, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 72, 73,text-fig. 35, pl. 6, figs 60-64. Recent. Indonesia,Savu Sea, Siboga stn 52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E,959 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.096 (designated byHabe 1964: 49; and unnecessarily by Scarabino1995: 356); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.097 (4),ZMA 3.06.098 (3 in original description; 4 fideR. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt.23.VI.2000; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208, 5°39’S,122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA 3.06.099 (1 in originaldescription; 2 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van derBijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271,5°46.7’S, 134°0’E, 1788 m), ZMA 3.06.100 (2;Timor Sea, Siboga stn 284, 8°43.1’S, 127°16.7’E,828 m). Junior synonym: G. novilunata Kira, 1955(fide Habe 1963: 279). Gadila virginalis(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 356).Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and NewCaledonia. 200-3010 m. Remark: Habe (1963,1964, 1977) included G. novilunata Kira, 1959 inthe synonymy of virginalis, but Scarabino (1995:358) stated that he “[...] prefer[s] to keep them separatepending further study”.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)661

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.virginianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, figs 8-8b(name and figure only). Type locality not specified.Remarks: Chenu (1852: 7), in the text, instead usedDentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 for the specimenfigured as “D. virginianum”. However,Lamarck’s name is a junior homonym of D. striatumBorn, 1778. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 209) suggestedthat D. virginianum “may possibly be”Dentalium mississippiense Conrad, 1848.virginieae, Episiphon Scarabino, 1995: 288, 289,figs 93, 95a. Recent. New Caledonia, LoyaltyIslands, RV Alis MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW399,20°42’S, 167°00’E, 282 m. Holotype MNHN;paratypes MNHN (9), AMS C201727, NMNZM268954. Episiphon virginieae Scarabino, 1995.Known from the type locality only.virgula, Dentalium (Episiphon) Hedley, 1903: 328,fig. 62. Recent. 5.8 miles off Port Kembla, NewSouth Wales, Australia, 63-75 fms [115-137 m].Lectotype AMS C16217 (designated by Colman1958: 144, as “holotype”); paralectotypes AMSC170639, AMS C16215 (off Cape Three Points,New South Wales, 41-50 fms [75-91 m]), AMSC16218 (off Wata Mooli, New South Wales, 54-59 fms [99-108 m]), AMS C62225 (off BotanyBay, New South Wales, 50-52 fms [91-95 m]).Oldest available name for Episiphon subrectum(Jeffreys, 1883) non Dentalium sexangulum subrectaCocconi, 1873. Junior synonyms: Dentalium(Episiphon) carneum Boissevain, 1906; Dentalium(Episiphon) makiyamai Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933(fide Scarabino 1995: 287); Dentalium yamakawaiYokoyama, 1927 (fide Habe 1964: 28, as E. makiyamai).Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fideScarabino 1995: 287). Indo-Pacific: Africa toAustralia. 29-918 m.viridis, Dentalia Perry, 1811: pl. 52, fig. 3. Recent.South Seas. Type material not located. Junior synonymof Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758(fide Habe 1964: 6).† vitreum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citingSchröter 1784a: 531 n. 11]. Miocene. Piedmont,Italy. Antalis vulgaris subsp. vitrea (Gmelin, 1791)(fide Pavia 1991: 122, 123, pl. 3, fig. 8); Dentaliumlaevigatum Ponzi, 1876 (tentatively, fide Sacco1897: 101).vitreum, Dentalium M. Sars, 1851: 178. Recent.Øksfjord, Norway, 100 fms [183 m]. SyntypesZMO 27067. Junior homonym of Dentalium vitreumGmelin, 1791 (Miocene of Northern Italy).Sacco (1897: footnote on p. 115) renamed Sars’taxon as Dentalium exvitreum. Now known by thefirst available name from its synonymy: Siphonodentaliumlobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 136). North Atlantic, Europe. 38-3100 m.† volvulus, Cadulus (Gadila?) Gardner, 1947: 629,630, pl. 57, fig. 22. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group,Chipola Formation. USGS locality 2213, 1 milebelow Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, CalhounCounty, Florida, USA. Syntype USNMPaleobiology 112754 (1).† vredenburgi, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro,1909: 82, 83, pl. 3, fig. 23. Eocene, UppermostRanikot Series. Jhirak, India.vulgare, Dentalium Da Costa, 1778: 24, 25, pl. 2,fig. 10. Recent. Southern England, Scilly Islands,Cornwall, Devonshire, Hampshire. Possible syntypesMHNG 1081/57 (7). Junior synonyms:Dentalium fasciatum Gmelin, 1791; ?Dentaliumnebulosum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium tarentinumLamarck, 1818; Dentalium labiatum Turton, 1819;Dentalium laeve Turton, 1819; Dentalium striolatumRisso, 1826; Dentalium affine Biondi Giunti,1859; Dentalium vulgaris var. rosea Bucquoy,Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 41, 42). Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778)(fide Stoliczka 1868: 438). Eastern Atlantic,Mediterranean: Europe, North Africa. 5-1000 m.† vulpeculum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847: 101 [exChiereghini MS]. Fossil. “Quarnero” [Kvarner],northwestern Croatia.vulpidens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 524, 525 [Watson1886: 18, pl. 3, fig. 2]. Recent. Culebra Island,Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W,390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.72.Gadila vulpidens (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 172). Western Atlantic, Caribbean.650-712 m.† vulpinum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847: 101 [exChiereghini MS]. Fossil. “Quarnero” [Kvarner],northwestern Croatia.† waccamawense, Dentalium (Antalis?) Gardner, 1948:179, pl. 24, fig. 1. Pliocene, Waccamaw Formation.Robinsons Landing, on the Cape Fear River,Bladen County, North Carolina, USA. HolotypeUSNM Paleobiology 325479.† wadei, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927: 142. UpperCretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks propertyon Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee,USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 32829.Replacement name for Dentalium intercalatumWade, 1926 non Gould, 1859.† waihoraensis, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184.Miocene, Altonian-Clifdenian, Ihungia Series.Waihora River, Waingaromia, Gisborne, NewZealand. Holotype NZGS TM4813; paratypesNZGS TM4814 (1), NZGS (5) (fide Keyes 1972:97). Replacement name for Dentalium (Laevidentalium)filum Marwick, 1931 non Sowerby,1860. Laevidentalium waihoraense (Emerson, 1954)(fide Maxwell 1988: 716).† waisiuense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943:307, 308, pl. 29, figs 113-116. Upper Oligocene.Waisiu, Buton Island, Indonesia.† walciodorensis, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 215, 216,pl. 49, figs 16, 17. Carboniferous. Waulsort,Pauquys and Dréhance, Belgium. Dentalium wal-662ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)ciodorense (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 233).† wangwaensis, Cadulus Nomura, 1935: 93 [41], pl. 6[1], fig. 3. Pliocene. Nomura Station 14, Byoritubeds, southeast of Zyo-tusyowan, Taiwan; NomuraStation 18, Wangwa, Taiwan.† wanneri, Dentalium n. nom. Cretaceous. N of OasisDachel, Libya. Replacement name for Dentaliumbicarinatum Wanner, 1902 non Dentalium bicarinatumDeshayes, 1825.† watanabei, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Kanno,1958: 200, 201, pl. 5, figs 7-9. Upper Oligocene toMiocene. Kanno Locality 207, riverside exposurenear a fall, Nenokami, Hikokubo, Yoshida-machi,Japan (holotype); Kanno Locality 203, riversideexposure of the Shinoha-zawa, Obashira, Chichibucity,Japan (paratype). Holotype GIUT No. 6191;paratype GIUT No. 6192.waterhousae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:94, 97, figs 92E, 93F, 98. Recent. Elizabeth Reef,Tasman Sea [off New South Wales], 29°53.82’S,159°01.65’E, 420 m. Holotype AMS C309881;paratypes AMS C311734 (1), AMS C174647 (1).Fissidentalium waterhousae Lamprell & Healy,1998. Known from the type locality only.watsoni, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 34, 35. Recent. OffCape San Antonio, Cuba, 413 fms [754 m].Lectotype MCZ 7742 (designated by Henderson1920: 120, 121); paralectotype USNM 95380(1; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]). Gadila watsoni(Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 167).Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (NorthCarolina, USA) to Cuba. 370-1800 m.watsoni, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp,1897: 113, pl. 21, fig. 44. Recent. Localities ofsyntypes: USNM 107702 (off San Diego,California, USFC stn 2923, 32°40’30”N,117°31’30”W, 822 fms [1500 m]), USNM107706 (off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USFC stn3346, 45°30’N, 125°52’W, 786 fms [1430 m]).Junior synonym of Rhabdus rectius Carpenter,1864 (fide Shimek 1998: 83).† waynensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1940: 202, pl. 27,fig. 33. Oligocene. USGS station 14346, LowerChickasawhay Marl, Taylor Mill Creek, 1.5 milesN of Waynesboro, Wayne County, Mississippi,USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 498491.† weinbrechti, Polyschides R. Janssen, 1989: 89, 90,pl. 2, figs 19-21. Upper Miocene, Langenfeldian,Gramian and Syltian. Gram, Jylland, Denmark.Holotype SMF 308324; paratypes SMF 308325,SMF 308326, SMF 308327/12, SMF 255698/11,RGM 229727/12, SMF 308328/5, RGM229728/5 (latter two lots from Flensburg-Weiche,Schleswig-Holstein, Germany).† weinheimensis, Antalis R. Janssen, 1989: 86-88,pl. 2, figs 14, 15. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian.Weinheim (Trift) near Alzey, Mainzer Becken,Germany. Holotype SMF 308316; paratypes SMF308317/4, SMF 308318/5, SMF 308319/4, SMF308320/3, SMF 308321/12, RGM 229726/2.weinkauffi, Dentalium Dunker, 1877: 68. Recent.Japan. Holotype ZMB 101996 (fide Kilias 1995:177). Junior synonym: Antalis septentrionalisKuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963 (fide Habe 1964:20). Antalis weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877) (fide Hirase1931: 135). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to China andNew Caledonia. 30-500 m.† weitschati, Baltodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992:50, 51, pl. 2, figs 3, 4, text-figs 6, 7. Jurassic,Middle Liassic, Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/5.weldianum, Dentalium Tenison-Woods, 1877: 140.Recent. North coast of Tasmania. Holotype TMHE1200/8541. Lamprell & Healy (1998: 172)concluded that this was an unrecognizable species.wellsi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy,1998: 52, 53, figs 44D, 45D, 49. Recent. 133 kmNNW of Dampier, Western Australia, 19°28.9’-29.0’S, 116°29.4’-29.0’E, 110 m. Holotype AMSC149930; paratypes AMS C172573 (2), AMSC172572 (2; 19°00.8’S, 118°01.3’E, 157 kmNNW of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 112 m),WAM 142-93 (4; 18°47’S, 117°58’E, 185 km NWof Port Hedland, north Western Australia, 154 m).Dentalium wellsi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Western Australia. 110-168 m.wellsiana, Pulsellum (Compressidens) Kraeuter, 1972:26-28, fig. 3a-f. Recent. 1 mile W of Georgetown,Grand Cayman Islands, outer slope of beach, 31-38m. Holotype ANSP 320993; paratypes ANSP300672 (5). Compressidens wellsiana (Kraeuter,1972). Known from the type locality only.† whiteavesi, Dentalium (Entalis) Anderson & Hanna,1935: 27, 28, pl. 6, fig. 5. Cretaceous. BetweenRosario and Santa Catarina Landing, BajaCalifornia, Mexico. Holotype CAS-IP 4252.Remark: this species was misidentified as Entaliscooperi (Gabb, 1864) by Whiteaves (1879: 134;1903: 372).whitneyae, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 152, 153,figs 155C, 156F, 159. Recent. Buchanan Island,southern side of Melville Island, near Darwin,Northern Territory, Australia, 11°49’S, 130°39’E.Holotype AMS C174636; paratypes AMSC173790 (21), AMS C173913 (19; Bowen,Queensland), AMS C173924 (5; Facing Island,Port Curtis, Queensland), AMS C173795 (1; beachbelow Crocodile research Station, Maningrida,Arnhem Land, Northern Territory), AMSC174637 (1; 32 km off Point Charles, Darwin,Northern Territory, 12°10’S, 130°22’E, 27-37 m),AMS C173791 (1; Port Darwin, NorthernTerritory). Gadila whitneyae Lamprell & Healy,1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 0-238 m.† wilckensi, Laevidentalium Medina & del Valle,1985: 5 (Spanish), 5, 6 (English), pl. 1, figs g, h,l-o. Upper Cretaceous, López de BertodanoZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)663

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Formation. Marambio Island, James Ross GroupIslands, Antarctica. Holotype CIRGEO (Centro deInvestigaciones en Recursos Geológicos) PI 242(now housed in Museo Argentino de CienciasNaturales, Buenos Aires, fide G. Pastorino in litt.17.I.2001).wilsoni, Dentalium Fraas, 1867. Not a scaphopod. SeeOther taxa described as Scaphopoda.† wollumbillaensis, Dentalium Etheridge in Jack &Etheridge, 1892: 483. Cretaceous. Wollumbilla,Queensland, Australia. Neotype PIRS M2430 (designatedby Stilwell 1999: 220). Replacement namefor Dentalium lineatum Moore, 1870, a juniorhomonym of Dentalium lineatum Gueranger, 1853.Objective junior synonym: Dentalium mooreiPilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Fustiaria wollumbillaensis(Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892) (fideLudbrook 1966: 188; fide Stilwell 1999: 220).woodhousae, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 163,164, figs 167D, 168G, 172. Recent. Arafura Sea,64.5 km N of Croker Island, Northern Territory,10°17’S, 132°38’E, 65 m. Holotype AMSC174625; paratypes AMS C173679 (7). Caduluswoodhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific:northern Australia. 65-1380 m.woolacottae, Dentalium (Antalis) Colman, 1958: 142,fig. 4. Recent. Cronulla, New South Wales,Australia. Holotype AMS C21230; paratypes AMSC170642 (ex C21230) (1), AMS C32706 (2;Middle Harbour, Sydney, New South Wales,Australia). Dentalium woolacottae Colman, 1958.Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 9-40 m.† wymensis, Laevidentalium“?” Kulikov, 1967: 116,pl. 1, fig. 2. Permian. Vem River, Komi Republic,Russia. Holotype Geological Institute (St Petersbourg),8758/3.† xiphias, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898: 219. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes),France. Replacement name for Dentalium affineDeshayes, 1861 non Biondi, 1859. Objective juniorsynonym: Dentalium desmoulinsi Le Renard, 1994.Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (fide LeRenard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85,as “D. desmoulinsi”).yamakawai, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927: 427, pl. 48,fig. 6. Pleistocene. Shinagawa, Tokyo [Japan].Lectotype UMT CM.23906 (designated by Taki &Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 45, as “holotype”).Junior synonym of Episiphon virgula (Hedley,1903) (fide Habe 1964: 28, as E. makiyamai).Remarks: reported from the Recent fauna of Japanby Nomura & Niino (1940: 63) and Nomura &Hatai (1940: 73, 74). Oyama (1973: 3) explained thelectotype designations of Taki & Oyama (1954).† yasilum, Dentalium Olsson, 1930: 72, pl. 12,figs 14-20. Eocene, Talara Formation. Yasila, Peru.Holotype PRI 24299; paratypes PRI 24297, PRI24298, PRI 24300-24303 (fide Brann & Kent1960: 323).† yatalensis, Cadulus (Dischides) Ludbrook, 1956: 4, 5,pl. 1, figs 3, 4. Pliocene. Weymouth’s Bore, DryCreek Sands, South Australia. Holotype SAM F15142; paratypes SAM (28). Remark: this specieswas misidentified as Cadulus mucronatus Tate, 1887by Ludbrook (1941).yateensis, Dischides Scarabino, 1995: 343, figs 146,147g. Recent. Yaté, New Caledonia, LAGON stn619, 22°03’S, 166°54’E, 27-42 m. Holotype andparatype MNHN. Dischides yateensis Scarabino,1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines and New Caledonia.0-42 m.yokohamense, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 517 [Watson1886: 11, pl. 2, fig. 1]. Recent. Yokohama, Japan,Challenger stn 233, 34°39’N, 135°14’E, 8-14 fms[15-26 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.45-47 (3).Junior synonym of Dentalium octangulatumDonovan, 1803 (fide Habe 1964: 8).yokoyamai, Dentalium Makiyama, 1931: 44, pl. 1,fig. 1. Recent. Koshiba, Yokosuka City, Honshu,Pleistocene of Japan. Holotype KIU JC.310001(fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210). Fissidentaliumyokoyamai (Makiyama, 1931) (fide Kira 1959:106). Indo-Pacific: northern Australia to China Sea.56-504 m. Remark: this species was misidentified asDentalium complexum Dall, 1895 by Yokoyama(1920).† yotsukurensis, Dentalium Hirayama, 1955: 109-110,pl. 4, figs 26, 28. Upper Oligocene, Uchigo Group.Hirayama Locality A15, 1 km N of YoksukuraFishing Port, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.Holotype GIUT 10233; paratypes GIUT 10208,10210 (Hirayama localities A28 and A45; fideHanzawa et al. 1961: 210).zanzibarense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 348, pl. 30,figs 35, 36. Recent. Zanzibar Channel, Valdiviastn 245, 05°28’S, 39°18’E, 463 m. Holotype ZMB61092 (fide Kilias 1995: 177). Compressidentaliumzanzibarense (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995:262). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Madagascar. 463-1850 m.† zecaninus, Cadulus Laws, 1939: 503, pl. 63, fig. 18.Miocene. Pakaurangi Point, Kaipara Harbour, NewZealand. Holotype NZGS TM1374 (fide Keyes1972: 98). Gadila zecanina (Laws, 1939) (fideMaxwell 1992: 187).zeidleri, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998:114, figs 112E, 113F, 119, 120. Recent. 29 km SEof Scamander, Tasmania, Australia, 41°33’S,148°36’E, 122 m. Holotype SAM D 18903.Laevidentalium zeidleri Lamprell & Healy, 1998.Known from the type locality only.zelandicum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 223,fig. 13. Recent. New Zealand. Type material notlocated in BMNH. Junior synonym: Dentaliumpacificum Hutton, 1873 (fide Suter 1913: 819).Fissidentalium zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860) (fideSuter 1913: 819). Indo-Pacific: New Zealand;Antarctica. 45-548 m. Remark: Dentalium opacum664ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Sowerby, 1829 may be a senior synonym for thisspecies (fide Dell 1957: 564).† zephyrinum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 267.Oligocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. LectotypeUSNM Paleobiology 481672 (designated byMacNeil & Dockery 1984: 247, as “holotype”).† zingulai, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 18, textfig.8v, w; pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 2, fig. 6a, b. Middle Eocene,Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation,Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, Brazos RiverValley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNMPaleobiology 180435; paratypes USNM Paleobiology180447, PRI 29227, ANSP 31505.zonatum, Dentalium “Orb.” Paetel, 1888: 594. “Jam.”[= Jamaica]. Nomen nudum. Remark: Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 253) stated that this species “isunknown to us”.zonatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 74, pl. 6,fig. 57, text-fig. 37. Recent. Banda Sea, Indonesia,Siboga stn 214, 06°30’S, 121°55’E, 2796 m.Lectotype ZMA 3.06.102 (designated by Scarabino1995: 358) ; paralectotype ZMA 3.06.103(1; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 254, 05°40’S, 132°26’E,310 m). Gadila zonata (Boissevain, 1906) (fideScarabino 1995: 358). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia toPhilippines. 195-2796 m.OTHER TAXA DESCRIBEDAS SCAPHOPODAThe list of non-scaphopod species erroneouslydescribed or assigned to this class, as compiled byPilsbry & Sharp (1898) is reproduced here, supplementedby names subsequently removed fromthe Recent Scaphopoda. We have included thetype species of the six genera – Entalium, Falcula,Hamulus, Pharetrium, Pyrgopolon and Spirodentaliumthat Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 244-247)excluded from the Scaphopoda. However, wehave not included any species that were subsequentlydescribed in those six genera, since theydo not enter into homonymy with valid taxa ofthe Scaphopoda. The entry form is that of the listof genus-group and Recent species-group names.Detailed information on type localities, typematerial deposits and synonymy is only providedfor the names removed from Scaphopoda subsequentto Pilsbry & Sharp (1898).abbreviatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 352,pl. xviii, figs 21, 22 (“1864”: 199, pl. 3, figs 5-7).Eocene of Paris. “Serpula” heptagona Sowerby (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241) (Polychaeta).aciculatum, Dentalium Hall, 1860: 107. MiddleDevonian, Marcellus Shale and Portage Groups.Manilus, New York, USA. Coleolus aciculatus, transferredto Coleolus (phylum uncertain) by Hall(1879: 190), but it may as likely be a scaphopod(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240).acus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584. Silurian[“Grauwacke”]. Putilowa [Poulkovo], near StPetersbourg, Russia; near Erras, Estonia.Criconarida (Cephalopoda: Mollusca) (fide Kiselev2001). Remarks: figured by Eichwald, 1860: 1062,pl. 40, fig. 10. Koken (1897: 214) remarked thatEichwald’s illustration showed an unusual irregularityin its curvature (“eine Unregelmässigkeit in derBiegung”), and questioned whether this species wasreferable to the Scaphopoda. Kiselev (2001) concludedthat this species was actually from theOrdovician, and belongs to the Cephalopoda.annulata, Dentalium McClelland, 1834: 629, pl. 35,figs 1-4. Ponar River, Kamaon, northern India.Remark: the biological nature of this taxon, whichappears to be a trace fossil, cannot be determined.annulatum, Dentalium Jay, 1850: 96 [ex Mighels MS]non Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. “Maine”.Nomen nudum. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898:240) suggested that this taxon might be a Caecum(Gastropoda). We know of no basis for suggestingthat a nomen nudum could be referable to a knowngenus.antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166,fig. 2. Devonian? Eifel Mountain, Germany.Coleolus antiquum (Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Yochelson2002). Yochelson (2002) concluded that thisspecies was not a scaphopod, and suggested that itbe referred to Coleolus Hall, a calcareous “worm”tube.arietinum, Dentalium Müller, 1776: 236. Ditrupa arietina(Müller) (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 242).beachportensis, Tesseracme Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938:220, pl. 12, fig. 2. Off Beachport, South Australia,201 m. Holotype SAM D 13339. Pennatulidrhachis (Cnidaria) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998:172).belcheri, Prodentalium Nassichuk & Hodgkinson,1976: 1153-1156, pl. 1, figs 1-9. Early Permian,Assistance Formation. GSC Locality 246406, LyallRiver, Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island, ArcticOcean, Canada. Holotype GSC 1377; numerousparatypes GSC 13776, 44794-44797 (Polychaeta?).Remark: Yancey (1978: 306) stated that this species“is not a species of Prodentalium, and probably nota scaphopod” and concluded that “it is probablethat it is not a molluscan species, but a calcareousworm tube”.billingsi, Salterella Safford, 1869: 289. Ordovician ofTennessee. Transferred to the Scaphopoda byZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)665

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Fisher (1958: 144-146). Yochelson (1968) concludedthat this taxon was not scaphopod and was probablyreferable to the Hyolitha.brazieri, Cadulus Finlay, 1927: 521. Princess CharlotteBay, North East Australia, 23 m. AMS. Replacementname for Dentalium laeve Brazier, 1877 (fideEmerson 1954: 186). Both Finlay (1927: 521) andBretnall (1921: 156) independently renamedBrazier’s laeve, and both independently used thesame replacement name, but transferred the speciesinto different genera. Finlay named it Cadulus brazieri;while Bretnall had already renamed it Ditrypa[sic] brazieri. Thus, Finlay’s replacement name isboth an objective junior synonym and a secondaryhomonym of Bretnall’s name. Ditrupa gracillimaGrube, 1878 (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide ten Hove &Smith 1990: 107; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 172).browni, Dentalium Hisinger, 1837: 21, pl. iv, fig. 9.Köpingemölla, Scania [Sweden]. Types inSMNH(?). Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:246).bulbosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 85 [nomen nudumin Bronn 1828: 538]. Tertiary of Italy. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242.carinatum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 24. Mare diTaranto [Mediterranean Sea]. Polychaeta (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).cinctum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 318, pl. 23,fig. 3. Carboniferous, Belgium. Orthoceras subcentrale(de Koninck, 1843) (Cephalopoda) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241).cingulatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).clausum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 39. Calves Island,Ireland. Quill of a seabird’s wing feather(Vertebrata) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 247; citingForbes & Hanley, and Jeffreys).clava, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 346. Fossil fromCypli, near Mons [Belgium]. Polychaeta (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246).coarctatum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814: 628. Ditrupa(Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).compressum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850: 233.Jurassic. Chalon-sur-Saône, France. Polychaeta.Remark: Richardson (1906: 592, 593) concludedthat this species “is not a Dentalium at all, but theshell of a tubicolous annelid”.corneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1263 [no referencesgiven]. “O. Africano”. Ditrupa arietina(Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).“cornicula, Dentalium” – d’Orbigny 1852: index,p. 59. Indexing error for Dentalina cornicula(Foraminifera) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 247).corniculum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 55, pl. 4,figs 2a-A. Caecidae (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 241).crassum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 373, pl. 18,fig. 20. Fossil near Mons [Belgium]. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246).crenatocinctum, Coleolus Hall, 1879: 188, 189, pl. 23,figs 1-3, pl. 23A, figs 3, 4. Upper HelderbergFormation, Jamesville, Ontario County, New York.Phylum uncertain. Considered a Dentalium byWhitfield (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241).cylindraceum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 39, pl. 3,fig. 10. Pliocene near Caramanico [Italy]. Ditrupa(Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).cylindrica, Hensonella Elliott, 1960: 229, 230, pl. 8,fig. 1. Lower Cretaceous, Surdash, Sulemania Liwa,Iraq. Syntypes BMNH (Palaeontology) No. Z.902.Remarks: this species was also recorded from theLower Cretaceous of Iraqi Kurdistan and at Kirkuk,as well as northern Iran. Elliot (1960) removed thespecies from the dasyclad alga and tentatively placedit in the Scaphopoda. The microstructure of thetube does not resemble that of scaphopod shells,therefore it is unlikely to belong to this taxon.cylindricum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 179, 180,pl. 79, fig. 2. Eocene. Emsworth, England. Ditrupa(Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).Remark: Gardner (1878: 57, 61) noted that thetype locality was given in error as “Exmouth” andhence this species was mistakenly assumed to beCretaceous, and not Eocene.deforme, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Fossil,Sarthe, France. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).deshayesianum, Dentalium Galeotti, 1837: 62, 150,pl. 4, fig. 7. Tertiary. Belgium (numerous localities).Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242).Remark: Galeotti (1837: 192), under “Corrections”,listed his new species as a junior synonym ofDentalium incrassatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (Polychaeta).difforme, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850:348, pl. xxix, fig. 10. Sussex, England. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243).duplicatum, Dentalium Blainville, 1825: 628.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246).Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 245) explainedthat Blainville, in using “Entale” Defrance[= Entalium Defrance, 1819], changed the name ofthe type species, “for some occult reason”, fromEntalium rugosum to Dentalium duplicatum.ecostatum, Dentalium Kirk, 1880: 306, 307.Waikanae, New Zealand. Although Dell (1957:566) and Powell (1976: 121) considered this to be ascaphopod, Marshall (1996: 32) concluded that itwas the shell of a planktonic gastropod, Creseis acicula(Rang, 1829) (Cavoliniidae).edoense, Dentalium Tokunaga, 1906: 34, 35, pl. 2,fig. 17. Shinagawa and Oji, Tokyo [Pleistocene ofJapan]. Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta) (fide Habe1963: 12).falcatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1869: 44, pl. 1, figs 12,16. Cretaceous. Crosswicks, New Jersey [USA].Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243).florenciae, Dentalium Moraes Rego, 1936: 43-46, textfigure.Corumbataí Formation (Triassic?), Guareí,666ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)southern Sao Paulo province, Brasil. Holotype(Paleontology Section, Departamento Nacional daProdução Mineral (DNPM), Rio de Janeiro,Brasil). Remark: Wehmuth Ragonha & da SilvaSantos (1987: 2) determined that this fossil wasactually an external impression of a dorsal fin-spineof Hybodus, a fossil shark (elasmobranch).fragile, Pharetrium König, 1825: 4, pl. 7, fig. 80.Cretaceous. Mount San Petri (Italy?). Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246).giganteum, Dentalium Phillips, 1829: 164, pl. 14,fig. 8; 1835: 136, pl. 14, fig. 8. Jurassic, Liassic.Marlstone, Yorkshire, England. Holotype YorkshireMuseum 1998/718. Ditrupa-like serpulid polychaete(fide Palmer 2001: 253-255). Remark: thisspecies was originally described as Dentalia giganteum.glabrum, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 497. Caecumglabrum (Montagu) (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 241).gordonis, Cadulus Yokoyama, 1920: 104, pl. 6, figs 25,26. Miyata and Naganuma Zones [Pliocene ofJapan]. Lectotype UMT CM.20329 (designated byTaki & Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 7, as “holotype”);paralectotype UMT CM.20328. Ditrupaarietina (Polychaeta) (fide Habe 1963: 12). Remark:Oyama (1973: 3) explained the lectotype designationsof Taki & Oyama (1954).goreanum, Dentalium Clessin, 1896: 42, pl. 10, figs 9,10. Gorée [Senegal]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 243).hamatum, Dentalium? Forbes, 1846: 138, pl. xv, fig. 8.Trichinopoli [Tiruchchirappalli, Cretaceous ofsouthern India]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).“hamatus”, Dentalium – Conrad 1870b: 77. Error forDentalium falcatus Conrad, 1869 (Polychaeta) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244, 245).howardensis, Clavulites Girty, 1904: 732, 733, pl. 47,figs 4-11. Burlingame Shale, Howard, Kansas, USA(Carboniferous). Type material USNM Paleontology35134. Tentatively placed in the serpulidpolychaetes by Yochelson (1971).imperforatum, Dentalium G. Adams, 1798: 635,pl. 14, fig. 8 [ex E. Jacob MS]. Sandwich, England,United Kingdom. This taxon appears to be a juvenileCaecum (Gastropoda) or possibly even a microscopicProtista. It is likely that the usage of thisname by Montagu (1803: 496) and by Turton(1819: 39) for a species of Caecum (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 241) were merely reiterations ofG. Adams’ name, and not new species.incrassatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 180, pl. 79,figs 3, 4. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:243).incurvum, Dentalium Renier, 1804: xii, xx. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). Remark: Renier’spublication was placed on the Official Index ofRejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature(ICZN 1954, Opinion 316), so this name isnot available.indistinctum, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 241, pl. ix,fig. 2. West Lothian [Scotland], Carboniferous.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243).inornatum, Dentalium McCoy in Griffith, 1844: 47,pl. 5, fig. 30. Carboniferous. Ireland. Possible typematerial National Museum of Ireland, NMINGF19087, NMING F4983 and NMING 19806 (fideHolland & Yochelson 2000). “Ortoceras” (Cephalopoda)(fide Holland & Yochelson 2000). Remark:Holland & Yochelson (2000) stated that “we suggestthat [this taxon] be confined to use with the type materialin the National Museum of Ireland noted above”.intestiniforme, Dentalium Hanley, 1860: 89 [49] [exLinnaeus MS]. Published in synonymy of Vermetusgigas. Thylacodes polyphragma (Sassi, 1827)(Gastropoda: Vermetidae) (fide Mörch 1862: 66;Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241).jungii, “Dentalium” – d’Orbigny 1852: index, p. 59.Lapsus for Fusus jungii (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:241).laeve, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 59. Darnley Island,Torres Strait [northern Australia]. Lectotype AMSC7525 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972:53) and paralectotypes (from Darnley Island andelsewhere). Junior homonym of Dentalium laeve(Schlotheim, 1820). Replacement name: Ditrypa[sic] brazieri Bretnall, 1921 (= Ditrupa gracillimaGrube, 1878 (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide ten Hove& Smith 1990: 107; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998:172). Remark: Finlay’s (1927: 521) replacementname for Dentalium laeve Brazier, 1877, Cadulusbrazieri, is both an objective junior synonym and asecondary homonym of Bretnall’s name.ludbrooki, Dentalium (Gadilina) Caprotti, 1962: 96,97, pl. 16, figs 4-6. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato,Piacenza, Italy. Holotype MSNM. Cuvierina jagtiJanssen, 1995 (Gastropoda) (fide Janssen 1999).Remarks: Janssen (1999) concluded that Caprotti’sspecies was actually the shell of a planktonic pteropod(Gastropoda, Euthecosomata). Janssen alsonoted that Caprotti’s type material was not in theMuseo Civico di Storia Naturale (Milano), contraryto the original description.martini, Dentalium Whitfield, 1882: 203. UpperHelderberg, near Dublin, Ohio [USA]. Coleolus crenatocinctumHall, 1879 (phylum uncertain) (fideYochelson & Goodison 1999: 634-640).mosae, Pyrgopolon Montfort, 1808: 394-396, text-fig.Cretaceous. Maastricht, Netherlands. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246).nigrofasciatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199.Pliocene, Zukowce, Volhynia [Ukraine]. Polychaeta(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243).nigrum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345, 346.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243).octocostatum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867a: 239, pl. 4,fig. 13; 1867b: 95, pl. 1, fig. 13. Cretaceous. Marsaba,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)667

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Palestine. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:245). Remark: Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl.1, figs 2-8) considered this to be a valid species ofDentalium, but he did not discuss the contraryconclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp.onyx, Hamulus Morton, 1834: 73, 74, pl. 2, fig. 8,pl. 16, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Lynch’s Creek, SouthCarolina and Erie, Alabama, USA. Polychaeta (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245).opiparium, Quasidentalium Shimansky, 1974: 135,figs 2a-2c. Lower Carboniferous, Donets Basin[Russia]. Coleolus (fide Yochelson 1999: 63-65).osceola, Spirodentalium Walcott, 1890: 271, 272,pl. 20, fig. 12. Upper Cambrian, Potsdam Terrane.Osceola Mills, Wisconsin, USA. Lectotype USNMPaleobiology 23853a (selected by Yochelson 1987:66, 67, fig. 1.4); two paralectotypes USNMPaleobiology 23853b, 23853c. Remark: Yochelson(1987) concluded that this taxon was actually anopen-coiled gastropod, which he referred to theEuomphaloidea.pellucidum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citingSchröter 1783-1786: 529]. Oceano septentrionali[northern ocean]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243, pl. 6, fig. 17).planum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 179, pl. 79,fig. 1. Bognor, England. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 243).pusillum, Dentalium Philippi, 1836: 245. Panormi,Catania [Sicily]. “Has been referred to Dischidespolitus, but it may be a Ditrupa” (Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).pygmaeus, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 71. Caecum(Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241).radicula, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345. Eocene.Grignon, France. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).rudis, ?Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. San Domingo[Dominican Republic]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898a: 474, pl. 10, figs 4, 8; Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).rugosum, Dentalium Müller, 1851: 6, pl. 3, fig. 2.Cretaceous. Lusberg, Germany. Gastrochaena(Bivalvia) (fide Holzapfel 1888: 179). Remarks:Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 227) initially suggested thatthis species might belong to the Serpulidae[Polychaeta] or Teredinidae [Bivalvia]; in theiraddendum, Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 255) thennoted that Holzapfel (1888) had already placed thistaxon in the Bivalvia.rugosum, Entalium Defrance, 1819b: 518. Cretaceous.Saint-Pierre, near Maastricht, Netherlands.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245).septangulare, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 240, pl. 9,fig. 1. Belfast [Ireland]. Probably “Serpula” heptagonaSowerby (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 243).septemcostatum, Dentalium Abich in Trautschold,1859: 314, 315, pl. 6, fig. 5. Eocene and Oligoceneof Armenia. Probably “Serpula” heptagona Sowerby(Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).serratum, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849: 150, pl. 27,fig. 12a, b. Cretaceous, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.Probably belongs to Hamulus (Polychaeta) (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).sexcarinatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 4, pl. 166,fig. 12. Cretaceous. Friedland, Silesia (Pomerania?),Germany; St Petri, Maastricht, Netherlands.Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).sexradiatum, Dentalium Goldfuss – Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 244. “Craie super. Maestricht”. Nomennudum. May be an incorrect subsequent spelling ofsexcarinatum Goldfuss, 1844 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 244). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 244)state that they “have seen no work in which thisspecies is described”.sowerbyi, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 145. Miocene,Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium sowerbyiGuilding, 1834. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 244).spinulosum, Dentalium Miller, MSS – Pilsbry & Sharp(1898: 241) cited this name in the synonymy of.Hamites spinulosus J. Sowerby, 1818 (Cephalopoda).spirale, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 125; 1826b: 401.(Fossil). France. Type material presumed lost (fideArnaud 1978: 135). Polychaeta. Remark: Arnaud(1978: 135) noted that Risso’s unpublished illustrationof the type specimen showed spiral ornamentationthat is unknown in the Scaphopoda.strangulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 372, 373,pl. 16, fig. 28. Australian Sea?, fossil in England,France, and Italy. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 244). Dentalium strangulosum “Deshayes”[Gümbel, 1861: 604] is an incorrect subsequentspelling.strangulosum, see strangulatum.“subcarinatum”, Dentalium “Münster in Goldfuss” –Ryckholt 1851. May be an incorrect subsequentspelling of Dentalium sexcarinatum Münster inGoldfuss, 1844 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).subtilis, Cadulus (Gadila) Plate, 1908a: 360, pl. 30,fig. 48. Recent. Near Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania,Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. LectotypeZMB 61108a (designated by Kilias 1995:176); paralectotypes ZMB 61108b (1), ZMB63842 (4). Remarks: Jaeckel (1932: 310) remarkedupon certain similarities with Ditrupa (Polychaeta),and Kilias (1995: 176) parenthetically remarkedthat this taxon is probably Ditrupa. Plate’s illustrationindeed resembles a worm tube, and the taxonmay have to be removed from the Scaphopoda afterexamination of the types.subulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 373, pl. 16,fig. 29. Type locality not specified. Polychaeta (fidePilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).tiwhana, Dentalium Dell, 1953: 48, figs 17, 22.Chatham Rise, New Zealand, 361 m. Serpula crenata668ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)(Ehlers, 1908) (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide tenHove & Smith 1990: 107; fide Dell 1995: 21).trachea, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 497, pl. 14,fig. 10. Caecum (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 241).tricostatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, 4, pl. 166,fig. 11a, b. Cretaceous. Essen, Ruhr Valley,Westphalia [Germany]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry &Sharp 1898: 246).typa, Throopella Greger, 1933: 373, 374, pl. 21. UpperDevonian, Cow Creek stage. Snyder Creek, centralMissouri, USA. Emerson (1962: 480) andStarobogatov (1974: 8) excluded this taxon fromthe Scaphopoda. Starobogatov (1974) placed it inthe toxeumorphorid Xenoconchia.undatum, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 72. Saint-Clément, near Angers [France]. Ditrupa (Polychaeta)(fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244).vayssierei, Dentalium Fenaux, 1942: 3, text-fig. 5.Recent, 80 m, off Carro, France (MediterraneanSea). Two syntypes (presumably in MOM).Polychaeta (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 5.XI.2001).wilsoni, Dentalium Fraas, 1867a: 239, pl. 4, fig. 12;1867b: 95, pl. 1, fig. 12. Cretaceous. Marsaba,Palestine. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:246). Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl. 1, figs 2-8) listed this as a junior synonym of Dentalium octocostatumFraas, 1867, which he treated as a validspecies of Dentalium, but he did not discuss thecontrary conclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp.AcknowledgementsThe first author is most indebted to P. Bouchet,B. Métivier (MNHN), S. Gofas (University ofMalaga), J. Taylor, K. Way, J. Pickering (BMNH)and D. Ivanov (MMSU) for making it possible towork at their institutions and for their helpwith the collections. I owe special thanks toV. Scarabino (Paris) for providing a wealth ofinformation and help.The second author thanks K. J. Boss (MCZ) andM. G. Harasewych (USNM) for allowing him touse their departmental libraries, T. R. Waller andJ. Thompson (USNM Paleobiology) for allowinghim to examine the fossil type material in theircollections, V. Héros (MNHN) for her help withthe Dautzenberg type localities, and R. I. Johnson(MCZ) for his fine hospitality and access to hispersonal library.The following colleagues provided us with valuableinformation on type material and synonyms, or sentus copies of obscure publications: A. Baldinger(MCZ), A. Beu (NZGS), R. Bieler (FMNH),E. Brunstad (Bergen, Norway), P. Callomon(Japan), K. Chinzei (FGK), G. Coan (CAS),A. Dhondt (KBINW), R. Eng (WSM), Y. Finet(MHNG), D. Geiger (SBMNH), B. Goddeeris(KBINW), D. Graf (ANSP), L. Groves (LACM),R. Janssen (SMF), E. Kools (CAS), S. Kosuge(IMT), K. B. Kvalsvik (ZMO), R. La Perna (Univ.Catania, Italy), A. Matsukuma (KyushuUniversity), R. Moolenbeek and A. N. Van derBijl (ZMA), G. Pastorino (Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales), R. E. Petit (North MyrtleBeach, South Carolina), M. Recevik (MCZ),G. Rosenberg (ANSP), H. Saito (NSMT),K. Sindemark (SMNH), J. A. Sneli (TrondheimBiological Station, Norway), J. Stilwell (JCU),R. Symonds (UMZC), S. Takeuchi (SHM),F. Wesselingh (RMNH), and R. White (YPM).We most appreciate the reviews provided byPhilippe Bouchet and Victor Scarabino, whichenhanced the accuracy and presentation of thiscatalog. Helmut Zibrowius (Centre d’Océanologiede Marseille) provided helpful commentson various species that were originally describedas scaphopods but subsequently determined to benon-molluscan. Any remaining errors or omissionsare solely the authors’ responsibility.REFERENCESThe publication dates for books and articles publishedin journals has been verified, to the greatest extent possible,by reference to bound journal volumes and tocompilations of publication dates for certain journals.The publication dates for the following works arebased upon these sources: Chenu’s Illustrationsconchyliologiques (Sherborn & Smith 1911); Journal deconchyliologie (Fischer-Piette 1937; Winckworth1936); Manual of Conchology (Vanatta 1927); TheNautilus (Coan & Harasewych 1993); Proceedings(and Transactions) of the Zoological Society of London(Duncan 1937); Bulletin (and Proceedings) of theUnited States National Museum (Anonymous 1947,1971); Bullettino malacologico Italiano and Bullettinodella Società Malacologica Italiana (Manganelli &Cianfanelli 2001).ABBOTT R. T. 1974. — American Seashells. SecondEdition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York,663 p., 24 pls.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)669

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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)ARGENVILLE D. A. J. D’ 1742. — L’histoire naturelleéclaircie dans deux de ses parties principales, la lithologieet la conchyliologie. De Bure, Paris, viii + 491 p.,33 pls.ARNAUD P. 1978 [“1977”]. — Révision des taxa malacologiquesméditerranéens introduits par AntoineRisso. Annales du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle deNice 5: 101-150.ARNOLD R. 1903 [27 June]. — The paleontology andstratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistoceneof San Pedro, California. Memoirs of the CaliforniaAcademy of Sciences 3: 1-404, pls 1-37.ASSMANN P. 1937. — Revision der Fauna derWirbellosen der oberschlesischen Trias. Abhandlungender preußischen geologischen Landesanstalt(n.f.) 170: 1-134, pls 1-22.BAKER F. 1925 [23 July]. — A new species of mollusk(Dentalium hannai) from Lower California, withnotes on other forms. Proceedings of the CaliforniaAcademy of Sciences (ser. 4) 14 (4): 83-87, pl. 10.BÁLDI T. 1973. — Mollusc Fauna of the HungarianUpper Oligocene (Egerian). Studies in Stratigraphy,Palaeoecology, Palaeogeography and Systematics.Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 511 p., 51 pls.BÁLDI T., HORVATH M. & MAKK Á. T. 1974. —Profile Budafok – 2: Parastratotype proposed forthe Paratethyan Stages Kiscellian, Egerian,Eggenburgian. Annales Universitatis ScientarumBudapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, SectioGeologica 17: 3-57, pls 1-5.BALUK W. 1972. — Lower Tortonian scaphopodsfrom the Korytnica clays, southern slopes of theHoly Cross Mts. Acta Geologica Polonica 22 (3):545-571, 6 pls.BARNARD K. H. 1963a [April]. — Deep sea Molluscafrom west of Cape Point, South Africa. Annals of theSouth African Museum 46 (17): 407-452.BARNARD K. H. 1963b [December]. — Contributionto the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca.IV Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata: Rhipidoglossa,Docoglossa, Tectibranchiata. Polyplacophora.Solenogastres. Scaphopoda. Annals of the SouthAfrican Museum 47 (2): 201-360.BARNARD K. H. 1974 [November]. — Contributionsto the knowledge of South African marineMollusca. Part VII. Revised fauna listn Annals of theSouth African Museum 47 (5): 663-781.BATHER F. A. 1905 [December]. — The MountTorlese Annelid. Geological Magazine (n.s.) (Decade5) 2 (12): 532-541.BEAN W. 1839. — A catalogue of the fossils found inthe Cornbrash Limestone of Scarborough; with figuresand descriptions of some of the undescribedspecies. Magazine of Natural History (n.s.) 3 (2): 57-62.BEECHER C. E. 1900 [March]. — Conrad’s types ofSyrian fossils. American Journal of Science (ser. 4)9 (51): 176-178.BEETS C. 1943 [July]. — Beiträge zur Kenntnis derAngeblich oberoligocänen mollusken-fauna derInsel Buton, Niederländisch-Ostindien. LeidscheGeologische Mededeelingen 13: 255-328, pls 25-30.BEETS C. 1985 [February] [“1984”]. — Preangerian(Late Miocene) Mollusca from a hill near Sekurau,northern Kutai, Kalimantan Timur (East Borneo).Scripta Geologica 74: 1-37, pl. 1.BELL A. 1898. — On the Pliocene shell-beds atSt Erth. Transactions of the Royal Geological Societyof Cornwall 12 (3): 112-166, 3 pls.BELLARDI L. 1850. — Liste des fossiles de la formationnummulitique du comté de Nice. Bulletin de laSociété géologique de France (n.s.) 7: 678-683.BELLARDI L. 1852. — Catalogue raisonné des fossilesnummulitiques de comté de Nice. Mémoires de laSociété géologique de France (sér. 2) 4 (2): 205-300,pls 12-22.BELLINI R. 1909. — Revisione della Dentaliidae deiterreni terziari e quaternari d’Italia. PalaeontographicaItalica, Memorie di Paleontologia 15: 215-235 [1-21].BENOIST E.-A. 1873. — Catalogue synonymique etraisonné des testacés fossiles recueillis dans les falunsmiocènes des communes del La Brède et de Saucats.Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 29: 5-78,265-460 [reprint 1-276].BERNASCONI M. P. 1996 [May]. — Scaphopod significancein the Pliocene molluscan paleocommunities,in CHERCHI A. (ed.), Autecology of selectedfossil organisms: achievements and problems.Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana,Special Volume 3: 19-30.BERRY E. W. 1926 [12 July]. — Two new species ofDentalium from the Eocene of Peru. The Nautilus40 (1): 19-20.BEU A. G. & MAXWELL P. A. 1990. — CenozoicMollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand GeologicalSurvey Paleontological Bulletin 58: 518 p., 57 pls.BIELER R. & PETIT R. E. 1990 [28 May]. — On thevarious editions of Tetsuaki Kira’s “ColouredIllustrations of the Shells of Japan” and “Shells ofthe Western Pacific in Color Vol. I,” with an annotatedlist of new names introduced. Malacologia32 (1): 131-145.BIONDI S. 1859. — Descrizione di alcune specie malacologichenuove che vivono nel nostro littorale. Attidell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali diCatania (series 2) 14: 113-123, 1 pl.BLAINVILLE H. M. D. DE 1819. — Dentale,Dentalium (Conchyl.). Dictionaire des Sciences naturelles13: 69-70.BLAINVILLE H. M. D. DE 1825. — Manuel de malacologieet de conchyliologie. F. G. Levrault, Paris,viii + 648 p.; 1827: 649-664, pls 1-87BLAKE J. F. 1875. — On the Kimmeridge Clay ofEngland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Societyof London 31: 196-233, pl. 12.BLAKE J. F. 1905-1907. — A Monograph of the Faunaof the Cornbrash. London, PalaeontographicalSociety, Monographs 59 & 61, 106 p., 9 pls. Note:ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)671

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.pages 1-100 and plates 1-9 were published inNovember 1905; the remaining text was publishedin December 1907.BLANCKENHORN M. 1927. — Die fossilen Gastropodenund Scaphopoden der Kreide von Syrien-Palästina.Palaeontographica 69: 111-186, pls 5-10 [1-6].BODA J. 1964. — Magyarországi ÖsmaradványtípusokJegeyzéke, Ösállatok / Catalogus OriginaliumFossilium Hungariae, Pars Zoologica. Magyar ÁllamiFöldtani Intézet, Budapest, 229 p. (Preface inHungarian, German, French, English and Russian;descriptions in German).BOETTGER O. 1882 [December]. — Die Molluskender oligocaenen Schichten vom Bawang-Flusse,Residenz Djokdjakarta, Java. Palaeontographica,Supplement 3, Die Tertiärformation von Sumatraund ihre Thierreste 2 (10-11): 125-148, pls 11-12.BOETTGER O. 1897. — Zur Kenntnis der Fauna dermittelmiocänen Schichten von Kostej in Banat.Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des SiebenbürgischenVereins für naturwissenschaften zuHermannstadt 46: 49-66.BOETTGER O. 1902. — Zur Kenntnis der Fauna dermittelmiocänen Schichten von Kostej im Krassó-Szörényer Komitat. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungendes Siebenbürgischen Vereins für naturwissenschaftenzu Hermannstadt 51: 1-200.BOETTGER O. 1907. — Zur Kenntnis der Fauna dermittelmiocänen Schichten von Kostej im Krassó-Szörényer Komitat (Gastropoden und Anneliden).Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des SiebenbürgischenVereins für naturwissenschaften zuHermannstadt 55: 101-244.BÖHM J. 1885. — Der Grünsand von Aachen undseine Mollusken-fauna. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischenVereines der preussischen Rheinlande,Westfalens und des Reg.-Bezirks Osnabrück 42 (1):1-152, pls 1-2.BÖHM J. 1891 [July]. — Die Kreidebildungen desFürbergs und Sulzbergs bei Siegsdorf inOberbayern. Palaeontographica 38: 1-106, pls 1-5.BÖHM J. 1904 [10 December] [“1903”]. — Ueber dieobertriadische Fauna der Bäreninsel. KungligaSvenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (n.s.)37 (3): 1-76, 7 pls.BOISSEVAIN M. 1906 [December]. — The Scaphopodaof the Siboga Expedition, treated togetherwith the known Indo-Pacific Scaphopoda.Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographischen Geologisch Gebied verzameld inNederlandsch Oost-Indië 1899-1900 aan boordH.M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee1e. kl. G. F. Tydeman 54 (Livraison 32): 1-76, pls 1-6.BONCI M. C., Cirone G., Merlino B. & Zaliani L.2000 [July]. — The Oligocene mollusc fauna of thePiedmont Basin (north-western Italy). I. Scaphopodaand Archaeogastropoda. Rivista Italianadi Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 106 (2): 203-236,pls 1-8.BOREHAM A. 1959. — Biological type specimens inthe New Zealand Geological Survey. I. RecentMollusca. New Zealand Geological Survey PaleontologicalBulletin 30: 1-87.BORN I. VON 1778. — Index Rerum Naturalium MuseiCaesarei Vindobonensis. Pars Prima, Testacea.Officina Krausiana, Vindobona [Vienna], xlii +458 + [78] p., 1 pl.BORN I. VON 1780. — Testacea Musei Caesari vindobonensis.Catalogum Testacearum Musei RerumNaturalium a D. Francisco conjuge collectarumSupremo ejus jussu concinnatum D. D. Vindobona[Vienna], xxxvi + 442 + [15] p., 18 pls.BOSC L. A. G. 1802. — Histoire naturelle des vers,contenant leur description et leurs mœurs ; avec figuresdessinées d’après nature. Volume 1 (of 3). Déterville,Paris, 324 p.BÖSE E. 1906. — Sobre algunas faunas terciarias deMéxico. Boletín del Instituto Geológico de México 22:97 p., 12 pls.BOSQUET J. A. H. 1859. — Recherches paléontologiquessur le terrain tertiaire du LimbourgNéerlandais. Verhandelingen der KoninklijkeAkademie van Wetenschappen 7: 1-30, 2 pls.BOSS K. J. 1968 [24 July]. — The conchologicalpapers of Arcangelo Scacchi. The Nautilus 82 (1):35-36.BOSS K. J. 1988 [29 August]. — References to molluscantaxa introduced by Linnaeus in the SystemaNaturae (1758, 1767). The Nautilus 102 (3): 115-122.BOUCHET P. & ROCROI J.-P. 1992 [9 September]. —Supraspecific names of molluscs: a quantitativereview. Malacologia 34 (1-2): 75-86.BOUCHET P. & ROCROI J.-P. 1993 [2 December]. —The lottery of bibliographical databases: a reply toEdwards & Thorne. Malacologia 35 (2): 407-409.BOUCHET P. & WARÉN A. 1979 [31 May]. — Theabyssal molluscan fauna of the Norwegian Sea andits relation to other faunas. Sarsia 64: 211-243.BOUILLÉ R. DE 1873. — Paléontologie de Biarritz etde quelques autres localités des Basses-Pyrénées.Congrès scientifique de France, Mémoires et Procèsverbaux39 (1): 427-468 [1-42], pls 3-8. Note: thisincludes the paper by R. Tournouër, “Descriptionset figures de fossiles nummulitiques nouveaux oupeu connus recueillis à Biarritz, par M. le comteR. de Bouillé, et dans le bassin de l’Adour”: 462-468 [36-42].BOUILLÉ R. DE 1876. — Paléontologie de Biarritz etde quelques autres localités des Basses-Pyrénées.Bulletin de la Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts dePau (sér. 2) 5: 82-121, 261-290, pls 1-3.BOUSSAC J. 1911a. — Études stratigraphiques etpaléontologiques sur le Nummulitique de Biarritz.Annales de Stratigraphie et de Paléontologie duLaboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences del’Université de Paris 5: 1-95, 23 pls.BOUSSAC J. 1911b. — Études paléontologiques sur lenummulitique alpin. Mémoires pour servir à l’expli-672ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)cation de la Carte géologique détaillée de France.Imprimerie nationale, Paris, viii + 439 p., 22 pls.BOYKO C. B. & SAGE W. E. III 1996 [23 May]. —Catalog of Recent type specimens in theDepartment of Invertebrates, American Museumof Natural History. II. Mollusca part 1 (ClassesAplacophora, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda[Subclass Opisthobranchia], Bivalvia, and Scaphopoda).American Museum Novitates 3170: 1-50.BRANDER G. 1766. — Fossilia Hantoniensia, collecta etin Musaeo Britannico deposito. London, vi + 43 p. +9 pls.BRANN D. C. & KENT L. S. 1960 [15 July]. —Catalogue of the type and figured specimens in thePaleontological Research Institution. Bulletins ofAmerican Paleontology 40 (184): 1-996, 1 pl.BRANSON C. C. 1930 [1 April]. — Paleontology andstratigraphy of the Phosphoria Formation. Universityof Missouri Studies 5 (2): 1-99, pls 1-16.BRAUNS D. 1865 [January]. — Die Stratigraphie undPaläontographie des südöstlichen Theiles derHilsmulde auf Grund neuer, bei Eisenbahnbautenin den Jahren 1861-1864 angestellter Beobachtungen.Palaeontographica 13 (3): 75-146, pls 24-25.BRAUNS D. 1869. — Der mittlere Jura im nordwestlichenDeutschland, von den Posidonienschiefern biszu den Ornatenschichten, mit besonderer Berücksichtigungseiner Molluskenfauna. Verlag vonTheodor Fischer, Cassel, 313 p., 2 pls.BRAZIER J. 1877. — Mollusca collected during theChevert Expedition. Proceedings of the LinneanSociety of New South Wales 2: 55-60.BRETNALL R. W. 1921 [12 April]. — Two Australianspecies of Ditrypa. Records of the Australian Museum13 (4): 155-156.BRETSKY P. W. & BERMINGHAM J. J. 1970 [September].— Ecology of the Paleozoic scaphopod genusPlagioglypta with special reference to the Ordovicianof eastern Iowa. Journal of Paleontology 44 (5): 908-924, 1 pl.BRIART A. & CORNET F.-L. 1889. — Description desfossiles du calcaire grossier de Mons. Quatrièmepartie. Mémoires de l’Académie royale des Sciences, desLettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique 47: 1-128,pls 19-26.BROCCHI G. B. 1814. — Conchiologia fossile Subapenninacon osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini esul suolo adiacente. Vol. 2. Imperial Regia Stamperia,Milano, 556 p.BRODERIP W. J. & SOWERBY G. B. (I) 1829. —Observations on new or interesting Mollusca,contained, for the most part, in the Museum of theZoological Society. Zoological Journal 4: 359-379.BRODERIP W. J. & SOWERBY G. B. (I) 1830. —Observations on new or interesting Mollusca,contained, for the most part, in the Museum of theZoological Society. Zoological Journal 5: 46-51.BRODERIP W. J. & SOWERBY G. B. (I) 1832 [21 April].— Characters of new species of Mollusca andConchifera, collected by Mr Cuming. Proceedings ofthe Zoological Society of London 2 (16): 25-33.BROILI F. 1907 [August]. — Die Fauna derPachycardientuffe der Seiser Alp. Scaphopoden undGastropoden. Palaeontographica 54 (2-3): 69-138,pls 6-11.BRONN H. G. 1828 [28 February] [“1827”]. —Verzeichnis der bei dem Heidelberger Mineralien-Komptoir verkäuflichen Konchylien-, Pflanzenthierundandern Versteinerungen. Zeitschrift fürMineralogie 1827 [2] (11-12): 529-544.BRONN H. G. 1831. — Italiens Tertiär-Gebilde undderen organische Einschlüsse. K. Groos, Heidelberg,xii + 176 + iv p., 6 charts, 1 pl.BRONN H. G. 1834-1838. — Lethaea Geognostica,oder Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der für dieGebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen.2 volumes. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 48 pls.Erster Band, p. 1-192 (1834-35); p. 193-480(1836), p. 480-544 (1837); Zweiter Band, p. 545-768 (1837); p. 769-1346 (1838).BRONN H. G. 1848. — Naturgeschichte der drei Reiche,zur allgemeinen Belehrung. Fünfzehnter Band. DerGeschichte der Natur. Handbuch einer Geschichte derNatur... Dritter Band, Erster Abtheilung, erste Hälfte.III. Theil: Organisches Leben (Fortsetzung). Indexpalaeontologicus... A. Nomenclator palaeontologicus,in alphabetischer Ordnung. A-M. E. Schweizerbart,Stuttgart, lxxxiv + 775 p.BRONN H. G. 1849. — Naturgeschichte der drei Reiche,zur allgemeinen Belehrung. Fünfzehnter Band. DerGeschichte der Natur. Handbuch einer Geschichte derNatur... Dritter Band, Zweite Abtheilung. III. Theil:Organisches Leben (Schluß). Index palaeontologicus...B. Enumerator palaeontologicus. E. Schweizerbart,Stuttgart, 1106 p.BROWN T. 1827. — Illustrations of the Conchology ofGreat Britain and Ireland. W. H. & D. Lizars,Edinburgh, [iv] + v p., 53 pls.BROWN T. 1849 [in 1837-1849]. — Illustrations of theFossil Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, withDescriptions and Localities of all the Species. Smith,Elder, London, viii + 273 p., 98 pls. Note: seeSherborn (1905) and McMillan (1992) for dates ofpublication.BRUGNONE [G.] J. 1876. — Miscellanea Malachologica[sic], Pars Secunda. Lao, Panorma. 25 p., 1 pl.BRUGNONE G. 1878 [“1877”]. — Osservazionicritiche sul catalogo delle conchiglie fossili diMonte Pellegrino e Ficarazzi del Marchese diMonterosato. Bullettino della Società MalacologicaItaliana 3 (1-3): 17-46.BRUGNONE G. 1880. — Le conchiglie pliocenichedelle vicinanze de Caltanisetta. Bullettino dellaSocietà Malacologica Italiana 6: 85-158, 1 pl.BRUNET R. F. J. 1995 [30 August]. — New species ofMollusca from the Entrerriense Formation (UpperMiocene) of Chubut Province, Argentina and speciesnot previously reported from this Formation. Part IZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)673

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.– Gastropoda and Scaphopoda / Nuevas especies demoluscos de la Formacion Entrerriense (Miocenosuperior) de la Provincia del Chubit, Argentina, yespecies no mencionadas anteriormente para estaFormacion. Parte I – Gasteropodos y Escafopodos.Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 28 (1-2):1-56, 5 pls.BUCQUOY E., DAUTZENBERG P. & DOLLFUS G. F.1882-1886. — Les Mollusques marins du Roussillon.Baillière & Fils, Paris, fascicle 13 (1886), Tome IGastéropodes, 570 p., 66 pls.BUONANNI P. 1684. — Recreatio Mentis et Oculi inObservationi Animalum Testaceorum curiosis naturaeinspectoribus. Italico sermone primùm proposita...nunc denuò ab eodem Latinè oblata, centum additisTestaceorum iconibus, circa quae varia problemataproponuntur. Varese, Roma, xvi + 270 [10] p.,139 pls.BUSH K. J. 1885 [June]. — Additions to the shallowwaterMollusca of Cape Hatteras, N. C., dredgedby the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, in1883 and 1884. Transactions of the ConnecticutAcademy of Arts and Sciences 6: 453-480, pl. 45.CAPROTTI E. 1962. — Altri Scafopodi Piacenziani diCastell’Arquato. Atti della Società Italiana di ScienzeNaturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale inMilano 101 (2): 93-101, pl. 16.CAPROTTI E. 1965 [15 September]. — Notes on theMediterranean Dentaliidae (Studies on Scaphopoda.V). Atti della Società Italiana di ScienzeNaturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale diMilano 104 (3): 339-354. [Reprinted in Lavori dellaSocietà Malacologica Italiana vol. 2, 1965].CAPROTTI E. 1966 [15 September]. — Il Dentaliumrossati, nuova specie mediterranea (Studi sugliScafopodi, IV). Natura, Revista della Società Italianadi Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di StoriaNaturale di Milano 57 (3): 194-196. [Reprinted inLavori della Società Malacologica Italiana vol. 3,1966].CAPROTTI E. 1968 [28 June]. — Nota sui generiCadulus ed Entalina nel Mediterraneo (Scaphopoda,Siphonodentaliidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde98 (1-2): 77-84.CAPROTTI E. 1979 [September-October]. — ScafopodiNeogenici e Recenti del bacino mediterraneo.Iconografia ed epitome. Bolletino Malacologico15 (9-10): 213-288.CARPENTER P. P. 1857. — Catalogue of the Collectionof Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum: Collectedby Frederick Reigen. Oberlin Press, Warrington,xii + 552 p.CARPENTER P. P. 1864. — Supplementary report onthe present state of our knowledge with regard tothe Mollusca of the West Coast of North America.Report of the British Association for the Advancementof Science 1863: 517-686.CARPENTER P. P. 1865. — Diagnoses speciorum etvarietatum novarum molluscorum, prope SinumPugetianum a Kennerlio Doctore, nuper decesso,collectorum. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 17 (2): 54-64.CASEY T. L. 1903 [8 July]. — Notes on the Conradcollection of Vicksburg fossils, with descriptions ofnew species. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 55: 261-283.CERNOHORSKY W. O. 1978 [1 January]. — The dateof publication of Anton’s “Verzeichniss derConchylien”. The Veliger 20 (3): 299.CHAPMAN F. & CRESPIN I. 1928. — The SorrentoBore, Mornington Peninsula, with a description ofnew or little-known fossils. Records of the GeologicalSurvey of Victoria 5 (1): 1-195, pls 1-12.CHENU J.-C. 1842-1852. — Genus Dentalium.Illustrations conchyliologiques, ou descriptions etfigures de toutes les coquilles connues vivantes etfossiles, classées suivant le système de Lamarck modifiéaprès les progrès de la science ; publiée par monographieset en livrais. A. Franck, Paris, 3: 1-8, pls 1-7[refer to Sherborn & Smith (1911) for dates: plate 1in 1842; plates 2-6 in 1843; text pages 1-4 in 1850;text pages 5-8 in 1852].CHENU J.-C. 1859. — Manuel de conchyliologie et depaléontologie conchyliologique. Victor Masson, Paris,tome premier, viii + 327 p.CHISTIKOV S. D. 1975. — [Some problems of scaphopodtaxonomy], in LIKHAREV I. M. (ed.), Molliuski:ikh sistema, evoliutsiia i rol’v prirode, avtoreferatydokladov, sbornik piatyi [Molluscs, their Systematic,Evolution and Significance in Nature]. AkademiiaNauka, Leningrad: 18-21 (in Russian).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1979a. — [Scaphopoda of TonkingBay and adjacent parts of South Chinese Sea].Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 80: 108-115 (inRussian).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1979b. — [Phylogenetic relations ofthe Scaphopoda], in LIKHAREV I.M. (ed.),Molliuski, osnovnye rezul’taty ikh izucheniia[Molluscs, main Results of their Study]. AkademiiaNauka, Leningrad: 20-22 (in Russian, Englishtranslation in Malacological Reviews 17: 114-115[1984]).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1982a [May]. — [The modernEntalinidae (Scaphopoda, Gadilida), 1. SubfamilyHeteroschismoidinae-1]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 61(5): 671-682 (in Russian with English abstract).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1982b [September]. — [Modernmolluscs of the family Entalinidae (Scaphopoda,Gadilida), 2. Subfamily Heteroschismoidinae-2].Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 61 (9): 1309-1321 (inRussian with English abstract).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1982c [October]. — Modern mollusksof the Family Entalinidae (Scaphopoda,Gadilida). 3. Subfamily Entalininae. ZoologicheskiiZhurnal 61 (10): 1492-1500 (in Russian withEnglish abstract).CHISTIKOV S. D. 1983 [February]. — Modernmolluscs of the family Entalinidae (Scaphopoda,674ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Gadilida). 4. Subfamily Bathoxiphinae.Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 62 (2): 181-190 (in Russianwith English abstract).CLARK B. L. 1918 [16 July]. — The San Lorenzoseries of middle California. A stratigraphic andpalaeontographic study of the San LorenzoOligocene series of the general region of MountDiablo, California. University of California Publications,Bulletin of the Department of Geology 11(2):45-234, pls 3-24.CLARK W. B. 1895 [October]. — Contributions tothe Eocene Fauna of the Middle Atlantic Slope.Johns Hopkins University Circulars, Baltimore15 (121): 3-6.CLARK W. B. 1896. — The Eocene deposits of themiddle Atlantic Slope in Delaware, Maryland, andVirginia. Bulletin of the United States GeologicalSurvey 141: 167 p., 40 pls.CLEMAM 2003. — Check List of European MarineMollusca. http://www.somali.asso.fr/clemam/CLENCH W. J. & AGUAYO C. G. 1939 [17 June]. —Notes and descriptions of new deep-water Molluscaobtained by the Harvard-Havana expedition off thecoast of Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana deHistoria Natural “Felipe Poey” 13 (3): 189-197,pls 28-29.CLESSIN S. 1896. — Die Familie Dentaliidae, inSystematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini undChemnitz. Vol. 6 (5). Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg,48 p., pls 1-11.COAN E. V. & HARASEWYCH M. G. 1993 [5 February].— Publication dates of The Nautilus. The Nautilus106 (4): 174-180.COCCONI G. 1874. — Enumerazione sistematica deimolluschi miocenici e pliocenici delle provincie diParma e di Piacenza. Memorie dell’ Accademia delleScienze dell’ Istituto di Bologna (series 3) 3 (3-4):409-776, pls 1-11.COLMAN P. 1958 [27 June]. — New South WalesDentaliidae (Phylum Mollusca, Class Scaphopoda).Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of NewSouth Wales 1956-1957: 140-147, pl. 1.CONRAD T. A. 1833 [August]. — Fossil Shells of theTertiary Formations of North America 1 (3): 29-38.CONRAD T. A. 1834. — Descriptions of new Tertiaryfossils from the southern states. Journal of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7 (1):130-157.CONRAD T. A. 1845 [January]. — Fossils of theMiocene Formation of the United States [No. 3].Judah Dobson, Philadelphia: 57-80, pls 30-32 &34-44. Note: for date of publication, see Dall(1893: 232). Reprinted in 1898 as “Republication ofConrad’s Fossils of the Medial Tertiary of the UnitedStates, with an introduction by William Healey Dall”(Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia).CONRAD T. A. 1846a [March]. — Observations onthe Eocene formation of the United States, withdescriptions of shells, occurring in it. AmericanJournal of Science and Arts (ser. 2) 1 (2): 209-221,pls 1-2.CONRAD T. A. 1846b. — Descriptions of new speciesof fossil and Recent shells and corals. Proceedings ofthe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia3 (3): 19-27.CONRAD T. A. 1848a. — Observations on the Eoceneformation, and descriptions of one hundred andfive new fossils of that period, from the vicinity ofVicksburg, Mississippi, with an Appendix. Proceedingsof the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 3: 280-299.CONRAD T. A. 1848b [August]. — Observations onthe Eocene formation, and descriptions of one hundredand five new fossils of that period, from thevicinity of Vicksburg, Mississippi, with anAppendix. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia (ser. 2) 1 (2): 111-134, pls 11-14.CONRAD T. A. 1849. — Fossils from NorthwesternAmerica. Appendix 3, in DANA J. D. (ed.), UnitedStates Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838,1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the Command ofCharles Wilkes, U.S.N., Volume X, Geology.C. Sherman, Philadelphia; Geo. P. Putnam, NewYork: 722-730.CONRAD T. A. 1852. — Description of the fossils ofSyria, collected in the Palestine Expedition, inLYNCH W. F. (ed.), Official Report of the UnitedStates’ Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and theRiver Jordan. John Murphy & Co., Baltimore:211-235.CONRAD T. A. 1853 [January]. — Descriptions ofnew fossil shells of the United States. Journal of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ser. 2)2 (3): 273-276, pl. 24.CONRAD T. A. 1862a. — Descriptions of new genera,subgenera and species of Tertiary and Recent shells.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 14 (6): 284-291.CONRAD T. A. 1862b. — Catalogue of the Mioceneshells of the Atlantic Slope. Proceedings of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ser. 2)6: 559-582.CONRAD T. A. 1865 [1 July]. — Descriptions of newEocene shells, and references with figures to publishedspecies. American Journal of Conchology 1 (3):210-212, pls 20-21.CONRAD T. A. 1869a [6 July]. — Descriptions ofMiocene, Eocene, and Cretaceous shells. AmericanJournal of Conchology 5 (1): 39-45, pls 1-2.CONRAD T. A. 1869b [7 October]. — Descriptions ofnew fossil Mollusca, principally Cretaceous.American Journal of Conchology 5 (2): 96-103, pl. 9.CONRAD T. A. 1870a [5 May]. — Errata to MrConrad’s papers published in this volume of theJournal. American Journal of Conchology 5 (4): 227.CONRAD T. A. 1870b [7 July]. — Notes on Recentand fossil shells, with descriptions of new species.American Journal of Conchology 6 (1): 71-78, pls 1-2.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)675

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.COOKE A. H. 1885 [October]. — Report on the testaceousMollusca obtained during a dredging excursionin the Gulf of Suez in the months February andMarch 1869 by Robert MacAndrew. Republished,with additions and corrections. Part III. Annals andMagazine of Natural History (5) 16: 262-276.COOKE C. W. 1928 [24 April]. — New Vicksburg(Oligocene) mollusks from Mexico. Proceedings ofthe United States National Museum 73 (10): 1-11,pls 1-2.COPPI F. 1876. — Frammenti di PaleontologiaModense. Bollettino del Reale Comitato Geologicod’Italia 7 (5-6): 190-209.COPPI F. 1881. — Paleontologia Modenese, o Guida alPaleontologo con nuove specie. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)COTTON B. C. & GODFREY F. K. 1940 [20 December].— The molluscs of South Australia. Part II:Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Aplacophora andCrepipoda. Government Printer, Adelaide, p. 315-600.COTTON B. C. & LUDBROOK N. H. 1938 [23 December].— Recent and fossil species of the scaphopodgenus Dentalium in southern Australia.Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia62 (2): 217-228, pl. 12.COX L. R. 1931. — The fossil fauna of the SamanaRange and some neighbouring areas. Part VIII. TheMollusca of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of theGeological Survey of India (n.s.), PalaeontologiaIndica 15: 139-222, pls 17-22.CREMA C. 1910. — Nuova specie fossile di Dentalium.Bollettino del R. Comitato Geologico d’Italia41 (1): 67-70.CRISTOFORI J. & JAN G. 1832. — Catalogus in IV sectionesdivisus rerum naturalium in museo exstantium.Section II, Pars I (Conchylia fossilia). 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.and the auriferous beaches of Nome, NortonSound, Alaska. United States Geological SurveyProfessional Paper 125-C: 23-37, pls 5-6.DALL W. H. 1926 [30 July]. — New shells from Japanand the Loochoo Islands. Proceedings of theBiological Society of Washington 39: 63-66.DALL W. H. 1927 [9 February]. — Diagnosis ofundescribed new species of mollusks in the collectionof the United States National Museum.Proceedings of the United States National Museum70 (19): 1-11.DANCE S. P. 1967 [January]. — Report on theLinnaean shell collection. Proceedings of the LinneanSociety of London 178 (1): 1-24, pls 1-10.DARRAGH T. A. 1997 [30 November]. — Gastropoda,Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda and new Bivalvia of thePaleoecene Pebble Point Formation, Victoria,Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria109 (1): 57-108.DAUTZENBERG P. 1884 [22 April] [“1883”]. — Listede coquilles du Golfe de Gabès. 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OccasionalPapers of the Hutton Foundation (New Zealand) 5:vi + 149 p.DE GREGORIO A. 1890. — Monographie de la fauneéocénique de l’Alabama et surtout de celle de Claibornede l’étage Parisien (horizon à Venericardiaplanicosta Lamk.). Annales de Géologie et dePaléontologie 1: 1-316, 46 pls.DEFRANCE M. J. L. 1819a. — Dentale (Foss.).Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles 13: 71-73.DEFRANCE M. J. L. 1819b. — Entale, Entalium.(Foss.). Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles 14:517-518.DELL R. K. 1952 [May]. — A revision of the molluscanfauna of the Hurupi Beds, southern Wairarapa.Dominion Museum Records in Zoology 1 (8): 71-86.DELL R. K. 1953 [October]. — A molluscan faunafrom the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Records ofthe Dominion Museum, Wellington 2 (1): 37-50.DELL R. K. 1957 [April]. — A revision of the Recentscaphopod Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactionsof the Royal Society of New Zealand 84 (3): 561-576,pl. 39.DELL R. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.II. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington71: 91-94.EMERSON W. K. 1962 [May]. — A classification ofthe scaphopod molluscs. Journal of Paleontology36 (3): 461-482, pls 76-80.EMERSON W. K. 1971 [25 January]. — Cadulus(Gadila) perpusillus (Sowerby, 1832), an earliername for C. (G.) panamensis Sharp and Pilsbry,1898. The Nautilus 84 (3): 77-81.EMERSON W. K. 1978 [12 July]. — Two new EasternPacific species of Cadulus, with remarks on the classificationof the scaphopod mollusks. The Nautilus92 (3): 117-123.EMMONS E. 1858. — Report of the North CarolinaGeological Survey. Agriculture of the Eastern Counties;Together with Descriptions of the Fossils of the MarlBeds. Henry D. Turner, Raleigh (North Carolina),xvi + 314 p. Remark: in 1969, the paleontologicalsection of this publication was reprinted in Bulletinsof American Paleontology 56 (249): x + 68-230.ENGEL T. 1890. — Palaeontologische Funde aus demLias delta des Filsbetts bei Eislingen. 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JR 1878. — A Catalogue of AustralianFossils (Including Tasmania and the Island of Timor)Stratigraphically and Zoologically Arranged.University Press, Cambridge, x + 232 p.EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS J. A. 1842. — Mémoire surles Patelles, Ombrelles, Calyptrées, Fissurelles,Emarginules et Dentales fossiles, des terrains secondairesdu Calvados. Mémoires de la Société linnéennede Normandie 7: 111-130, pl. 7.FANTINET D. 1959 [November]. — Contribution al’étude des scaphopodes fossiles de l’Afrique dunord. Publications du Service de la Carte géologiquede l’Algérie (Nouvelle série), Paléontologie, Mémoire1: 112 + ii p., 12 pls.FAVRE E. 1869. — Description des mollusques fossilesde la Craie des environs de Lemberg en Galicie.H. Georg, Geneva & Basel, xii + 187 p., 13 pls.FENAUX A. 1942 [23 May]. — Mollusques nouveauxdu littoral occidental de la Méditerranée. Bulletin del’Institut océanographique, Monaco 826: 2-3.FERREIRA C. S. & CUNHA O. R. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)FISCHER-PIETTE E. & NICKLÈS M. 1946 [10 December].— Mollusques nouveaux ou peu connusdes côtes de l’Afrique occidentale. Journal deConchyliologie 87 (2): 45-82, 1 pl.FISCHER-PIETTE E. 1937 [15 April]. — Dates de publicationdu Journal de Conchyliologie de 1861 à1900. Journal de Conchyliologie 81 (1): 88-92.FISHER D. W. 1958 [27 January]. — Polylopia Clark,an Ordovician scaphopod. Journal of Paleontology32 (1): 144-146, pl. 23.FLEMING C. A. 1955 [March]. — Kapitean (UpperMiocene) Mollusca from Te Waewae Bay, Southland,New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society ofNew Zealand 82 (5): 1049-1059, pls 40-41.FLEMING J. 1825. — On the British testaceousAnnelides. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 12 (24):238-248, pl. 9.FLÜGEL E. 1959 [December]. — Statement concerningthe types and figured originals from the collectionsof the Novara Expedition in the custody of theGeological-Paleontological Section of the Museumof Natural History, Vienna, Austria. 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Grøndahl &Søn, Christiania, viii + 132 p., 1 map.FUENZALIDA H. 1942. — El Magallanico de la IslaRiesco con referencias a algunas regiones adyacentes.Anales del Primer Congreso Panamericano deIngeniería de Minas y Geología, Geologia PrimeraParte 2: 402-428.GABB W. M. 1860 [November]. — Descriptions ofnew species of American Tertiary and Cretaceousfossils. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia (series 2) 4 (4): 375-406, pls 67-69.GABB W. M. 1864. — Description of the Cretaceousfossils. Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology1 (4): 55-271, pls 9-32.GABB W. M. 1869. — Synopsis of the Cretaceousinvertebrate fossils of California. Geological Surveyof California, Palaeontology 2 (2) [2]: 207-254.GABB W. M. 1873. — On the topography and geologyof Santo Domingo. Transactions of the AmericanPhilosophical Society (n.s.) 15: 49-260.GALEOTTI H. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Kreidegebirges. Arnold, Dresden; Leipzig, xxvi + 116+ xxii p., 25 pls.GEINITZ H. B. 1843. — Die Versteinerungen vonKieslingswalda und Nachtrag zur Charakteristik derSchichten und Petrefacten des sächsisch-böhmischenKreidegebirges. Arnold, Dresden; Leipzig, iv + 23 p.,6 pls.GEINITZH. B. 1849-1850. — Das Quadersandsteingebirgeoder Kreidegebirge in Deutschland.Craz & Gerlach, Freiburg, iv + 292 p., 12 pls.GEINITZ H. B. 1852 [post-February] [“1851”]. —Ueber den Zechstein der Wetterau. Jahresbericht derWetterauischen Gesellschaft für die gesamteNaturkunde über das Gesellschaftsjahr 1850/51.Hanau: 196-202.GEINITZ H. B. 1866. — Carbonformation und Dyasin Nebraska. Verhandlungen der KaiserlichenLeopoldino-Carolonischen deutschen Akademie derNaturforscher / Novarum Actorum AcademiaeCaesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae NaturaeCuriosorum 33 (4): xiii + 92 p., 5 pls.GENTILE R. J. 1974 [November]. — A new species ofDentalium from the Pennsylvanian of easternKansas. Journal of Paleontology 48 (6): 1213-1216.GERASIMOV P. A. 1969. — Verkhnii pod’iarus volzhskogoiarusa tsentral’noi chasti Russkoi platformy:paleontologo-stratigraficheskoe i litologicheskoeissledovanie [= The upper level of the Volga Stageof the central part of the Russian Platform: paleontological-stratigraphicaland lithological studies].Trudy, Akademiia nauk SSSR, Ministerstvo geologiiSSSR, Mezhvedomstvennyi stratigraficheskii komitetSSSR [= Transactions, Academy of Sciences of theUSSR, Ministry of Geology of the USSR, InterdepartmentalStratigraphic Committee of the USSR]2: 1-143, 22 pls (in Russian).GILES E. & GOSLINER T. 1983 [April]. — Primarytype specimens of marine Mollusca (excludingCephalopoda) in the South African Museum.Annals of the South African Museum 92 (1): 1-52.GIRTY G. H. 1904 [1 June]. — New molluscan generafrom the Carboniferous. Proceedings of the United StatesNational Museum 27 (1372): 721-736, pls 45-47.GIRTY G. H. 1909. — Paleontology of the Manzanogroup. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey389: 41-141, pls 6-12.GIRTY G. H. 1911 [26 August]. — On some new generaand species of Pennsylvanian fossils from theWewoka Formation of Oklahoma. Annals of theNew York Academy of Sciences 21: 119-156.GIRTY G. H. 1915. — Fauna of the WewokaFormation of Oklahoma. United States GeologicalSurvey Bulletin 544: 353 p., 35 pls.GMELIN J. F. 1791. — Systema Naturae per regna trianaturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species,cum characteristibus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.13th ed. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, I (6): 3021-3910.GODDEERIS B. 1977 [September] [“1976”]. —Cadulus (Gadila) dingdenensis sp. nov. and Cadulus(Gadila) benoisti houthalenensis subsp. nov. from theNeogene of the North Sea Basin. Bulletin de laSociété belge de géologie / Bulletin van de BelgischeVereniging voor Geologie 85 (4): 155-162.GODDEERIS B. 1978. — The biozonation of theMiocene of Belgium with Scaphopoda, in VINKENR. (ed.), Project 124, The Northwest EuropeanTertiary Basin, Report No. 2, InternationalGeological Correlation Programme, Hannover;Mainz: 68-72.GOLDFUSS A. 1841-1844. — Petrefacta Germaniae etea quae in Museo Universitatis Regiae BorussicaeFridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanae. Dritter Theil. Arnz& Comp., Düsseldorf, iv + 128 p., pls 166-200.GOTO Y. & POPPE G. T. 1996. — Tools in Malacology.A Listing of Living Mollusca. L’Informatore Piceno,Ancona (Italy) 2 (2): 525-1031 + [iii] p.GOUGEROT L. 1968. — Quelques espèces nouvelles demollusques de l’Éocène du Bassin de Paris. Bureaude Recherches géologiques et minières, Mémoires 58:221-243, 2 pls.GOULD A. A. 1859 [December]. — Descriptions ofshells collected by the North Pacific ExploringExpedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society ofNatural History 7: 161-166.GRANGE J. 1847. — Atlas d’histoire naturelle,minéralogie et géologie, in DUMONT D’URVILLE J.(ed.), Voyage au pôle sud et dans l’Océanie sur lescorvettes l’Astrolabe et la Zélée, exécuté pendant lesannées 1837-1838-1839-1840. Gide et Cie, Paris,Atlas: 4 maps + 9 pls. Note: the text was publishedin 2 volumes: 1 (1848); 2 (1854).GREGER D. K. 1933 [August]. — Throopella typa, anew Devonian scaphopod. Geological Magazine,London 70: 373-374, pl. 21.GRIFFITH R. 1844. — A Synopsis of the Characters ofthe Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland.University Press, Dublin, viii + 207 p., 29 pls.Remark: the new species in this book were authoredby Frederick McCoy.GRÖNWALL K. A. & HARDER P. 1907. — Paleocaenved Rugaard I Jydland og dets Fauna. Danmarksgeologiske Undersøgelse, II. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Akademie der wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 1933 (11): 101-102.GUGENBERGER O. 1933b. — Die Cardita-Schichtenvon Launsdorf in Mittelkärnten und ihre Fauna. II.Gastropoda. Akademie der wissenschaften in Wien,Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse,Sitzungsberichte, Abteilung I, Mineralogie, Biologie,Erdkunde 142 (3-4): 157-184, pl. 1.GUGENBERGER O. 1934. — Die Cardita-Schichtenvon Launsdorf in Mittelkärnten und ihre Fauna.III. Scaphopoden; IV. Cephalopoden. Akademie derwissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-NaturwissenschaftlicheKlasse, Sitzungsberichte, Abteilung I,Mineralogie, Biologie, Erdkunde 143 (1-2): 41-59.GUILDING L. 1834. — Observations on Naticina andDentalium, two genera of molluscous animals.Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1):29-35, pl. 3.GÜMBEL C. W. 1861. — Geognostische Beschreibungdes Königreichs Bayern, Abtheilung I, GeognostischeBeschreibung des bayerischen Alpengebirges und seinesVorlandes. Justus Perthes, Gotha, xx + 950 p.,42 pls.GÜMBEL C. W. 1866 [“1865”]. — Über das Vorkommenvon unteren Triasschichten in Hochasien.Sitzungsberichte der königlichen bayerisches Akademieder Wissenschaften zu München 1865 (II)(4): 348-366, 1 pl.GUPPY R. J. L. 1866 [1 August]. — On the TertiaryMollusca of Jamaica. Quarterly Journal of theGeological Society of London 22 (3): 281-295, pls 16-18.GUPPY R. J. L. 1873 [December]. — On some newTertiary fossils from Jamaica. Proceedings of theScientific Association of Trinidad 2 (2) [10]: 72-89,pls 1-3. Reprinted by Harris (1921: 56-72).GUPPY R. J. L. 1874 [October]. — On the WestIndian Tertiary fossils. Geological Magazine (n.s.)(Decade 2) 1 (10): 434-446, pls 16-18.GUPPY R. J. L. 1875 [January]. — Supplement to thepaper on West Indian Tertiary fossils. GeologicalMagazine (n.s.) (Decade 2) 2 (1): 41-42.GUPPY R. J. L. 1912. — Further note on the CaroniSeries at Savaneta. Proceedings of the AgriculturalSociety of Trinidad and Tobago, Society Paper 520:1-5. Reprinted by Harris (1921: 184-187).GUPPY R. J. L. & DALL W. H. 1896 [30 December].— Descriptions of Tertiary fossils from theAntillean Region. Proceedings of the United StatesNational Museum 19 (1110): 303-331, pls 27-30.GURLEY W. F. E. 1883 [24 September]. — NewCarboniferous fossils. Bulletin (Danville, Illinois) 1:1-9. Remark: Miller (1889: 402) claimed that thiswas an invalid publication (perhaps because it wasprivately published), but Yochelson & Saunders(1967: 14, 20) recognized this as a valid publication.HABE T. 1953. — Genera of Japanese Shells. Pelecypodaand Scaphopoda. Tokyo 4: 281-326.HABE T. 1957 [25 December]. — Report on theMollusca chiefly collected by the S.S. Soyo-Maru ofthe Imperial Fisheries Experimental Station on thecontinental shelf bordering Japan during theyears 1922 to 1930. Part 2. Scaphopoda. Publicationsof the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 6 (2):127-136.HABE T. 1960 [20 December]. — New species of molluscsfrom the Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory,Reihoku-cho, Amakusa, Kumamoto Pref.,Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine BiologicalLaboratory 8 (2): 289-298.HABE T. 1961. — Coloured Illustrations of the Shells ofJapan. II. Hoikusha, Japan, xii + 183 + 42 p.,66 pls.HABE T. 1963 [July]. — A classification of the scaphopodmolluscs found in Japan and its adjacent areas.Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 6 (3):252-281, pls 37-38.HABE T. 1964. — Fauna Japonica. Scaphopoda(Mollusca). Biogeographical Society of Japan,Electrical Engineering College Press, Tokyo, iv +59 p., 5 pls.HABE T. 1970 [August]. — A new subspecies ofFissidentalium formosum (Adams and Reeve) fromthe South China Sea. Journal of the MalacologicalSociety of Australia 2 (1): 95-96.HABE T. 1977. — Systematics of Mollusca in Japan.Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. 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Lamellibranchiata and Scaphopoda.The Science Reports of the Tôhoku ImperialUniversity, Sendai, Second Series (Geology) 8 (2):85-113 [1-29], pls 8-9 [1-2].HÉBERT E. 1849. — Notice sur les fossiles tertiaires duLimbourg et sur ceux de la couche à Ostrea cyathulaLamk., du Bassin de Paris. Bulletin de la Sociétégéologique de France (sér. 2) 6: 459-473.HÉBERT E. 1855. — Tableau des fossiles de la craie deMeudon, et description de quelques espèces nouvelles.Mémoires de la Société géologique de France(sér. 2) 5 (2): 345-374, pls 27-29.HEDLEY C. 1899 [7 August]. — The Mollusca ofFunafuti. Memoirs of the Australian Museum(Supplement) 3 (9): 549-565.HEDLEY C. 1903 [8 October]. — Scientific results ofthe trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. Thetis.Mollusca Part II. Scaphopoda and Gastropoda.Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4 (6): 325-402,pls 36-38.HEILPRIN A. 1881 [22 February]. — On some newLower Eocene Mollusca from Clarke Co. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)HODGKINSON K. A. 1974 [10 July]. — Stone City andCook Mountain (Middle Eocene) scaphopods fromsouthwest Texas. University of Kansas,Paleontological Contributions 70: 1-25, pls 1-8.HOENINGHAUS F. W. 1831. — Versuch einer geognostischenEintheilung seiner Versteinerung-Sammlung (Dritter Theil. Tertiär-Gebirge). Jahrbuchfür Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde1831 (2): 132-170.HOENINGHAUS F. W. 1836a. — Dentalium saturni.Krefeld: private publication, 1 p., 1 pl. [see Langer1967 for discussion of publication].HOENINGHAUS F. W. 1836b. — [Abbildung einesDentalium]. Mittheilungen aus den Verhandlungender Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin1836 (1): 12.HOERNES R. 1875. — Die Fauna des Schliers vonOttnang. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischenReichstanstalt, Wien 25 (4): 333-400 [1-68],pls 10-15.HOLLAND C. H. & YOCHELSON E. 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Opinions and Declarations rendered bythe International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature11 (11): 161-172.INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICALNOMENCLATURE 1957. — Direction 73: Additionto the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology.Opinions and Declarations rendered by theInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature1 (E) (E 12): 193-214.ITOIGAWA J. 1960 [December]. — Paleoecologicalstudies of the Miocene Mizunami Group, centralJapan. Journal of Earth Sciences, Nagoya University8(2): 246-300, pls 1-6.IVANOV A. P. 1926. — [Dépôts du Carbonifèremoyen et supérieur du gouvernement de Moscou].Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes de Moscou,Section géologique (n.s.) 34 (1-2): 133-180 (inRussian with French summary).JACK R. L. & ETHERIDGE R. JR 1892. — The Geologyand palaeontology of Queensland and New Guinea,with sixty-eight plates and a geological map ofQueensland. 2 vols. James Charles Beal, Brisbane;Dulau and Company, London, xxx + 768 p., 68 pls.JAECKEL S. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899 21 (2): 301-315.JAMES J. F. 1890 [June]. — On the Maquoketa shales,and their correlation with the Cincinnati group ofsouthwestern Ohio. The American Geologist 5 (6):335-356.JANSSEN A. W. 1984. — Mollusken uit het Mioceen vanWinterswijk-Miste. Een inventarisatie, met beschrijvingenen afbeeldingen van alle aangetroffen soorten.Koninklijke Nederlandse NatuurhistorischeVereniging, Leiden, 451 p., 82 pls.JANSSEN A. W. 1999 [22 December]. — Notes on thesystematics, morphology and biostratigraphy of fossilholoplanktonic Mollusca, 5. Cuvierina jagtiJanssen, 1995: a junior synonym of Dentalium(Gadilina) ludbrooki Caprotti, 1962. Basteria 63(4-6): 109-110.JANSSEN R. 1978a [March]. — Die Scaphopoden undGastropoden des Kasseler Meeressandes von Glimmerode(Niederhessen). 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I. 1976. — Stimpson, William, inGILLISPIE C. C. (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific BiographyVol. 13: 65-66.JOHNSON R. I. 1984 [17 October]. — Dates of publicationof the molluscan portion (including the brachiopods)of the “Fauna del Regno di Napoli”(1829-1886) by Oronzio Gabriele Costa andAchille Costa. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 4 (64):330-332.JOHNSON R. I. 1989 [30 August]. — Molluscan taxaof Addison Emery Verrill and Katharine JeanetteBush, including those introduced by SandersonSmith and Alpheus Hyatt Verrill. Occasional Paperson Mollusks 5 (67): 1-143.JORDAN H. K. 1895 [July]. — On some new species ofBritish Mollusca, from the Triton Expedition, witha list of other species new to the Faroe Channel.Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London1 (6): 264-269, pl. 16.JOUSSEAUME F. 1894. — Diagnoses des coquilles denouveaux mollusques. Bulletin de la Société philomatiquede Paris 8 (6): 98-105.JUNG P. 1969 [5 February]. — Miocene and Pliocenemollusks from Trinidad. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)W. H. Dall (1908). Bulletin of the Museum ofComparative Zoology 155: 1-31.KANNO S. 1958 [20 September]. — New Tertiarymolluscs from the Chichibu Basin, SaitamaPrefecture, central Japan. Science Reports of theTokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Section C, Geology,Mineralogy and Geography 55: 157-229, 7 pls.KAUNHOWEN F. 1897. — Die Gastropoden derMaestrichter Kreide. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen8 (1): 1-132, 13 pls.KAUTSKY F. 1925. — Das Miocän von Hemmoor undBasbeck-Osten. Abhandlungen der preußischen geologischenLandesanstalt (n.f.) 97: 1-255, pls 1-12.KEEN A. M. 1966 [30 June]. — Moerch’s westCentral American molluscan types with proposal ofa new name for a species of Semele. OccasionalPapers of the California Academy of Sciences 59:1-33.KEEN A. M. 1968 [1 April]. — West American mollusktypes at the British Museum (Natural History).IV. Carpenter’s Mazatlan Collection. 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Transactions and Proceedings of theNew Zealand Institute 12: 306-307.KIRKBY J. W. 1880 [1 November]. — On the zones ofmarine fossils in the calciferous sandstone series ofFife. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society ofLondon 36 (4): 559-590.KISILEV G. N. 2001. — O prirode i sistematicheskoiiprinadlezhnosti Dentalium acus Eichwald, 1860 izotlozhenii nizhnego – srednego ordovika yuzhnogopriladozh’ya [= The nature and systematic positionof Dentalium acus Eichwald, 1860, found in LakeLadoga region, Russian platform, Early-MiddleOrdovician]. Vestnik Sankt-PetersburgskogoUniversiteta, Seriia 7, Geologiia, Geografiia 2001(4): 89-91, 116 (in Russian with English summary).KITTL E. 1891. — Die-Gastropoden der Schichtenvon St Cassian der südalpinen Trias. I. Theil.Annalen des K.K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums6: 166-262 [1-97], pls 1-7.KITTL E. 1894. — Die-Gastropoden der Schichtenvon St Cassian der südalpinen Trias. III. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.KOENEN A. VON 1886. — Ueber das Mittel-Oligocänvon Aarhus in Jütland. Zeitschrift der deutschengeologischen Gesellschaft 38: 883-893.KOENEN A. VON 1892 [July]. — Das norddeutscheUnter-oligocän und seine Molluskenfauna. LieferungIV. Abhandlungen zur Geologischen Specialkartevon Preußen und den Thüringischen Staaten10 (4): 819-1004 [1-187], pls 53-62.KOKAY J. 1966. — Geologische und paläontologischeUntersuchung des Braunkohlengebietes von Herend-Márkó (Bakony-Gebirge, Ungarn). GeologicaHungarica, Series Palaeontologica 36: 1-149, pls 1-15.KOKEN E. 1897. — Die Gastropoden des baltischenUntersilurs. Bulletin de l’Académie impériale desSciences de St-Pétersbourg (sér. 5) 7 (2): 97-214.KÖNIG C. D. E. 1825. — Icones fossilium sectiles.Centuria prima. London, 4 p., 19 pls.KONINCK L. G. DE 1843 [in 1842-1844]. — Descriptiondes Animaux Fossiles qui se trouvent dans leterrain carbonifère de Belgique. H. Dessain, Liège, iv+ 650 p., 69 pls. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)LE RENARD J. 1994 [November]. — Révision desmollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. I. Rectificationsde nomenclature d’espèces. Cossmanniana3 (2): 35-40.LE RENARD J. 1995 [December]. — Révision desmollusques paléogènes du bassin de Paris III –Chronologie des créateurs de références primaires.Cossmanniana 3 (4): 133-150.LE RENARD J. & PACAUD J.-M. 1995 [May]. —Révision des mollusques paléogènes du bassin deParis II – Liste des références primaires des espèces.Cossmanniana 3 (3): 65-132.LEA H. C. 1849. — Catalogue of the Tertiary Testaceaof the United States. Proceedings of the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia 1848, 4: 95-107.LEA I. 1833. — Contributions to Geology. Carey, Leaand Blanchard, Philadelphia, 227 p., pls 1-6.LIKHAREV B. 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Sumta & literis Laurentii Salvii,Stockholmiae, xxvii + 411 p., 2 pls [not seen].LINNAEUS C. 1758. — Systema Naturae per regna trianaturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species,cum characteristibus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.10th ed. Laurentii salvii, Holmiae, I, vi + 824 p.LINNAEUS C. 1767. — Systema Naturae per regna trianaturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cumcharacteristibus, differentiis synonymis, locis. 12th ed.Laurentii salvii, Holmiae, I: 533-1327 + [36] p.LISTER M. 1685-1692 [97]. — Historia sive Synopsismethodicae Conchyliorum. Printed for the author,Londini, 6 parts [2 volumes], 1059 pls [not seen].LOCARD A. 1887. — Prodrome de malacologiefrançaise. Catalogue général des mollusques vivantsde France. Mollusques marins. Annales de la Sociétéd’Agriculture, Histoire naturelle et Arts utiles de Lyon(5) 9: x + 778 p.LOCARD A. 1896a. — Catalogue des mollusques etbrachiopodes dragués dans le golfe de Gascogne parM. le professeur Koehler (campagne du Caudan,Août 1895). Annales de la Société d’Agriculture deLyon (sér. 7) 4: 205-222.LOCARD A. 1896b. — Mollusques Testacés etBrachiopodes, in KOEHLER (ed.), Résultats scientifiquesde la campagne du Caudan dans le golfe deGascogne, Août-Septembre 1895. Annales del’Université de Lyon 26: 129-242, pls 5-6.LOCARD A. 1897a [January]. — Notices conchyliologiques,43: Cadulus nouveaux. L’Échange, Revuelinnéeenne (Lyon) 13: 3-4.LOCARD A. 1897b [February]. — Notices conchyliologiques,44: Dentalium nouveaux ou peu connus.L’Échange, Revue linnéeenne (Lyon) 13: 9-11.LOCARD A. 1898. — Mollusques Testacés, inExpéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talismanpendent les années 1880-1883. Masson, Paris,2, 515 p., 18 pls.LORIOL P. DE & PELLAT E. 1874. — Monographiepaléontologie et géologique des étages supérieurs dela formation jurassique des environs de Boulognesur-mer.Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoirenaturelle de Genève 23 (2): 253-425, pls 1-10.LOZOUET P. & LESPORT J.-F. 1994 [November]. —Sur les dates de publication de la Conchologienéogénique de l’Aquitaine par Cossmann & Peyrot(1909-1924) puis par Peyrot (1925-1935).Cossmanniana 3 (1): 9-12.LUDBROOK N. H. 1954 [29 January]. — Scaphopoda.The John Murray Expedition 1933-34, ScientificReports 10 (2): 91-120, pl. 1.LUDBROOK N. H. 1956 [May]. — The molluscanfauna of the Pliocene strata underlying the AdelaidePlains. Part III – Scaphopoda, Polyplacophora,Gastropoda (Haliotidae to Tornidae). Transactionsof the Royal Society of South Australia 79: 1-36, pls 1-2.LUDBROOK N. H. 1959 [April]. — Revision of theTate molluscan types. Scaphopoda. Transactions ofthe Royal Society of South Australia 82: 141-149,2 pls.LUDBROOK N. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Province of Tôtômi, Japan. Memoirs of the College ofScience, Kyoto Imperial University (B) 3 (1): 1-147,pls 1-6.MAKIYAMA J. 1931 [October]. — Stratigraphy of theKakegawa Pliocene in Totomi. Memoirs of theCollege of Science, Kyoto Imperial University (B)7 (1): 1-53, pls 1-3.MALARODA R. 1951. — Il lattorfiano del Montecciodi Costozza (Colli Berici). Parte prima: I macrofossili.Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale diVerona 2: 147-210, 7 pls.MANGANELLI G. & CIANFANELLI S. 2001. — Thedates of publication of Bullettino malacologicoItaliano (1868-1875) and Bullettino della SocietàMalacologica Italiana (1875-1899). Archives ofNatural History 28 (3): 337-346.MANSFIELD W. C. 1925 [18 September]. — Miocenegastropods and scaphopods from Trinidad, BritishWest Indies. Proceedings of the United StatesNational Museum 66 (2559): 1-65, pls 1-9.MANSFIELD W. C. 1930. — Miocene gastropods andscaphopods of the Choctawhatchee Formation ofFlorida. Florida State Geological Survey, Bulletin 3:185 + [iv] p., 21 pls.MANSFIELD W. C. 1935 [7 June]. — New Miocenegastropods and scaphopods from Alaqua CreekValley, Florida. State of Florida, Department ofConservation, Geological Bulletin 12: 1-64, pls 1-5.MANSFIELD W. C. 1940 [1 May]. — Mollusks of theChickasawhay Marl. Journal of Paleontology 14 (3):171-226, pls 25-27.MANSUY H. 1914. — Faunes des calcaires à Productusde l’Indochine. Deuxième série. Mémoires du servicegéologique de l’Indochine, Hanoi-Haiphong 3 (3):1-52, 7 pls.MARSHALL B. A. 1991 [27 August]. — Dates of publicationand supraspecific taxa of Bellardi and Sacco’s(1873-1904) “I molluschi dei terreni terziarii delPiemonte e della Liguria” and Sacco’s (1890)“Catalogo paleontologica del bacino terziario delPiemonte”. The Nautilus 105: 104-115.MARSHALL B. A. 1996. — Molluscan name-bearingtypes in the Museum of New Zealand Te PapaTongarewa. 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Verhandeling No. 19. PalaeontologischeErgebnisse von Tiefbohrungen auf Java. NebstBeschreibung von Organismen aus oberflächlichenSchichten von Java und Timor. Jaarboek van hetMijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië, WetenschappelijkGedeelte 14: 5-108, pls 10-15.MARTIN K. 1887 [“1883-1887”]. — PalaeontologischeErgebnisse von Tiefbohrungen auf Java,nebst allgemeineren studien über das Tertiär vonJava, Timor und einiger anderer Inseln. Sammlungendes Geologischen Reichs-Museum in Leiden(series 1), Beiträge zur Geologie Ost-Asiens undAustraliens 3: ii + 380 p., pls 1-15. Remark: this wasoriginally published in the Jaarboek van hetMijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië, WetenschappelijkGedeelte, 12: 371-412 (1883) [Vertebrataand Crustacea]; 13: 77-216 (1884) [Gastropoda];14: 5-108 (1885) [Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiataand Brachiopoda]; 16: 253-342 (1887) [Vermes,Echinoidea and Allgemeiner Theil].MARTIN K. 1915. — Die Fauna des Obereocäns vonNanggulan, auf Java. B. Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata,Rhizopoda u. Allgemeiner Teil. Sammlungendes Geologischen Reichs-Museum in Leiden(n.s.) 2 (5): 172-222, pls 7-8.MARTIN K. 1917. — Die altmiocäne Fauna des West-Progogebirges auf Java. B. Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata,Rhizopoda u. Allgemeiner Teil.Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museum inLeiden (n.s.) 2 (7): 261-296, pls 4-5.MARTIN K. 1919. — Unsere PalaeozoologischeKenntnis von Java mit einleitenden Bemerkungenüber die Geologie der Insel. Sammlungen desGeologischen Reichs-Museum Beilage-Band: xii +158 p., 4 pls.MARTIN K. 1921. — Die Mollusken derNjalindungschichten. Sammlungen des GeologischenReichs-Museum in Leiden (n.s.) 1 (2) [Heft III]:446-496, pls 58-61 [1-4].MARTINI F. H. W. 1769. — Neues SystematischesConchylien Cabinet, geordnet und beschrieben. Vol. I.Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe, Nürnberg, [xx] + xxviii +408 p., pls 1-31.MARWICK J. 1926. — New Tertiary Mollusca fromNorth Taranaki. 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New Zealand Geological Survey PaleontologicalBulletin 65: 1-280, pls 1-30.MAYER C. 1858 [July]. — Description de coquillesfossiles des étages supérieurs des terrains tertiaires.Journal de Conchyliologie 7 (1): 73-89, pls 3-4.MAYER C. 1863 [30 January]. — Description decoquilles fossiles des terrains tertiares inférieurs.Journal de Conchyliologie 11 (1): 91-101, pl. 3.MAYER C. 1864 [17 October]. — Description decoquilles fossiles des terrains tertiaires supérieurs.Journal de Conchyliologie 12 (4): 350-361, pl. 14.MAYER-EYMAR C. 1887. — Systematisches Verzeichnissder Kreide- und Tertiär-Versteinerungender Umgegend von Thun, nebst Beschreibung derneuen Arten. Beiträge zur geologischen Karte derSchweiz 24 (2): xxviii + 128 p., 6 pls.MAYER-EYMAR C. 1903 [10 July]. — NummulitischeDentaliiden, Fissurelliden, Capuliden und HipponicidenAegyptens auf der geologischen Sammlungin Zurich. Vierteljahrsschrift der NaturforschendenGesellschaft in Zürich 48 (1-2): 271-286.MAYER-EYMAR C. 1904 [28 April] [“1903”]. —Description de coquilles fossiles des terrains tertiairesinférieurs (suite). Journal de Conchyliologie 51 (4):308-320, pl. 13.MCCLELLAND J. 1834. — Notice of some fossilimpressions occurring in the Transition Limestoneof Kamaon. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal3 (36): 628-631, pl. 35.MCMILLAN N. 1992. — A note on the dates of two ofCaptain Thomas Brown’s conchological books.Archives of Natural History 19 (2): 169-170.MEDINA F. A. & DEL VALLE R. A. 1985 [4 February].— Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the UpperCretaceous found at the James Ross Group ofIslands, Antarctica. Contribución del InstitutoAntártico Argentino 314: 1-9.MEEK F. B. 1858. — Descriptions of new organicremains from the Cretaceous rocks of VancouverIsland. Transactions of the Albany Institute 4: 37-49.MEEK F. B. 1860. — Descriptions of new fossilremains collected in Nebraska and Utah, by theExploring Expeditions under the command ofCapt. J. H. Simpson, of U. S. TopographicalEngineers (extracted from that officer’s forthcomingreport). Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 1860: 308-315.MEEK F. B. 1876. — Descriptions and illustrations offossils from Vancouver’s and Sucia Islands, andother northwestern localities. Bulletin, United StatesGeological and Geographical Survey of the Territories2 (4): 351-374, pls 1-6.MEEK F. B. & HAYDEN F. V. 1856. — Descriptions ofnew species of Gasteropoda from the Cretaceousformations of Nebraska Territory. Proceedings ofthe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:63-69.MEEK F. B. & HAYDEN F. V. 1860. — Descriptions ofnew organic remains from the Tertiary, Cretaceousand Jurassic rocks of Nebraska. Proceedings of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1860:175-185.MEEK F. B. & WORTHEN A. 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.MELVILL J. C. 1909 [October]. — Report on themarine Mollusca obtained by Mr J. StanleyGardiner, F.R.S., among the islands of the IndianOcean in 1905. Transactions of the Linnean Societyof London (series 2) 13 (1): 65-138, pl. 5.MELVILL J. C. 1918 [February]. — Descriptions ofthirty-four species of marine Mollusca from thePersian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea,collected by Mr F. W. Townsend. Annals andMagazine of Natural History (9) 1: 137-158, pls 4-5.MELVILL J. C. & STANDEN R. 1896 [12 November].— Notes on a collection of shells from Lifu andUvea, Loyalty Islands, formed by the Rev. Jamesand Mrs Hadfield, with list of species. Part II.Journal of Conchology 8 (9): 273-315, pls 9-11.MELVILL J. C. & STANDEN R. 1898 [1 April]. — Themarine Mollusca of Madras and the immediateneighbourhood. Journal of Conchology 9 (2): 30-48,pl. 1.MELVILL J. C. & STANDEN R. 1901 [October]. — TheMollusca of the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman andArabian Seas as evidenced mainly through the collectionsof Mr F. W. Townsend, 1893-1900; withdescriptions of new species. Part I, Cephalopoda,Gastropoda, Scaphopoda. Proceedings of theZoological Society of London 1901 (2): 327-460,pls 21-24.MELVILL J. C. & STANDEN R. 1907 [21 December]. —The marine Mollusca of the Scottish NationalAntarctic Expedition. Transactions of the RoyalSociety of Edinburgh 46 (1): 119-157, 1 pl. [Reprinted1909 as Report of the Scientific Results of theVoyage of the S. Y. Scotia (1902-04), 5 (8): 89-127.]MERKLIN R. L. 1961. — New scaphopod species fromthe Middle Eocene of the northern Caucasus.Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1961 (4): 155-158.MERKLIN R. L. & GONCHAROVA I. A. 1967. —Molliuskii oligotsena yugo-zapadnogo Krima. 1,Bivalvia i Scaphopoda [Bivalvia and Scaphopoda ofOligocene in south-western Crimea]. Biulletin,Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateleii Prirodi, (novaiseria), tom. 72, Otdel Geologicheskii 42 (5): 100-121(in Russian).MESTAYER M. K. 1926 [5 May]. — New ZealandMollusca. No. 3. Transactions and Proceedings of theNew Zealand Institute, Wellington 56: 583-587,pls 100-101.MEUNIER S. 1878. — Contributions paléontologiques.Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académiedes Sciences 86 (2): 122-123.MEYER O. 1883. — Beitrag zur Kenntniss desmärkischen Rupelthons. Berichte über dieSenckenbergischen naturforschende Gesellschaft 1882-1883: 255-264, 1 pl.MEYER O. 1884. — Notes on Tertiary shells.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 1884: 104-112.MEYER O. 1885 [June]. — The genealogy and theage of the species in the southern Old-Tertiary.American Journal of Science (series 3) 29 (174):457-468.MEYER O. 1886. — Contributions to the Eocene paleontologyof Alabama and Mississippi. Bulletin,Alabama Geological Survey 1: 63-85, pls 1-3.MEYER O. & ALDRICH T. H. 1886 [July]. — TheTertiary Fauna of Newton and Wautubbee, Miss.[Mississippi]. Journal of the Cincinnati Society ofNatural History 9 (2): 40-50, pl. 2.MICHELOTTI G. 1847. — Description des fossiles desterrains Miocènes de l’Italie septentrionale.Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de HollandscheMaatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlen (ser. 2)3 (3): 1-409, 17 pls.MICHELOTTI G. 1861. — Études sur le Miocèneinférieur de l’Italie septentrionale. NatuurkundigeVerhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij derWetenschappen te Haarlem (ser. 2) 15 (2): 1-184,16 pls.MIKKELSEN P. M. & BRADFORD A. 1997 [30 November].— Annotated catalog of type specimensin the malacological collection of the DelawareMuseum of Natural History. Part II. Additions andcorrections to Part I (Prosobranchs, Heterostropha,and Opisthobranchia), plus Bivalvia, Scaphopoda,and Polyplacophora. Nemouria, Occasional Papersof the Delaware Museum of Natural History 41:1-76.MILLER S. A. 1877. — The American PalaeozoicFossils: A Catalogue of the Genera and Species, withNames of Authors, Dates, Places of Publication,Groups of Rocks in Which Found, and the Etymologyand Signification of the Words, and an IntroductionDevoted to the Stratigraphical Geology of thePalaeozoic Rocks. Privately published, Cincinnati,Ohio, xvi + 253 p.MILLER S. A. 1889. — North American Geology andPalaeontology for the Use of Amateurs, Students, andScientists. Privately published, Cincinnati, Ohio,664 p.MONTAGU G. 1803. — Testacea Britannica, orNatural History of British Shells, Marine, Land, andFresh Water, Including the Most Minute: SystematicallyArranged and Embellished with Figures.Stillingfleet, London, 606 p., 16 pls.MONTEROSATO T. A. DI 1872. — Notizie intorno alleconchiglie fossili di Monte Pellegrino e Ficarazzi.Ufficio Tipografico di Michele Amenta, Palermo,44 p.MONTEROSATO T. A. DI 1875. — Nuova Rivista delleconchiglie Mediterranee. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)MONTEROSATO T. A. DI 1884. — Nomenclatura genericae specifica di alcune Conchiglie Mediterranee.Stabilimento Tipografico Virzi, Palermo, 152 p.MONTFORT P. DENYS DE 1808 [in 1808-1810]. —Conchyliologie systématique, et classification méthodiquedes coquilles... Tome Premier. F. Schoell,Paris, lxxxviii + 410 p.MOORE C. 1866. — On the Middle and Upper Liasof the South West of England. Proceedings of theSomersetshire Archaeological and Natural HistorySociety 13: 119-230, 7 pls.MOORE C. 1870 [2 May]. — Australian Mesozoicgeology and palaeontology. Quarterly Journal ofthe Geological Society of London 26 (2): 226-261,pls 10-18.MOORE E. J. 1963. — Miocene marine mollusks fromthe Astoria Formation in Oregon. United StatesGeological Survey Professional Paper 419: iv + 109 p.,33 pls.MORAES REGO L. F. DE 1936 [31 March]. — Contribuiçãoao estudo das camadas superiores da seriePassa Dous. Annaes da Academia Brasileira deSciencias 8 (1): 41-54.MÖRCH O. A. 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Journal of the Faculty of Science,Hokkaido Imperial University, Series IV, Geology andMineralogy 4 (1-2): 117-142, pls 14-16 [1-3].NARDO G. D. 1847. — Sinonimia moderna delle specieregistrate nell’ opera intitolata: Descrizione de’ crostacei,de’ testacei e de’ pesci che abitano le Lagune etGolfo Veneto, rappresentati in figure a chiaroscuro eda colori, dall’Abate Stefano Chiereghini, Ven.Clodiense. Antonelli, Venezia, xi + 128 [= 64] p.NASSICHUK W. W. & HODGKINSON K. A. 1976[29 December]. — Scaphopods from the PermianAssistance Formation, Canadian Arctic Archipelago.Journal of Paleontology 50 (6): 1150-1156,pl. 1.NECHAEV A. V. 1897. — Fauna Eotzenovykhotlozhenii na Volghye mezhdu Saratovuim iTzaritzuinuim / Die Fauna der Eocänablagerungenan der Wolga unterhalb Saratow. Trudy, ObshchestvoEstestvoispuitatelei pri Imperatorskom KazanskomUniversitetye [Transactions of the Society ofNaturalists of the Imperial Kazan University] 32 (1):1-247 + 10 pls (in Russian).NEGRI L. 1934 [December]. — Gasteropodi,Scafopodi e Cefalopodi paleogenici della Sirtica edel Fezzan orientale. Missione Scientifica dellaReale Accademia d’Italia a Cufra (1931-IX), Roma3: 131-181, pl. 14.NEWTON R. B. 1891. — Systematic List of the FrederickE. Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and EoceneMollusca in the British Museum (Natural History),with References to the Type-Specimens from SimilarHorizons Contained in other Collections Belonging tothe Geological Department of the Museum. BritishMuseum (Natural History), London, xxviii + 365 p.NEWTON R. B. 1902 [July]. — List of Thomas Say’stypes of Maryland (U.S.) Tertiary Mollusca in theBritish Museum. Geological Magazine (n.s.) (decadeIV) 9 (7): 303-305.NEWTON R. B. & HARRIS G. F. 1894 [March]. — Arevision of the British Eocene Scaphopoda, withdescriptions of some new species. Proceedings of theMalacological Society of London 1 (2): 63-69, pl. 6.NICKLÈS M. 1955 [25 November]. — Scaphopodes etLamellibranches récoltés dans l’Ouest Africain.Atlantide Report. Scientific Results of the DanishExpedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa1945-1946 3: 93-237.NICKLÈS M. 1979 [31 March]. — Scaphopodes del’Ouest-Africain (Mollusca, Scaphopoda). Bulletindu Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Section A,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)693

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie animales (sér. 4) 1 (1):41-77, 1 pl.NOETLING F. 1901. — Fauna of the Miocene Beds ofBurma. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India,Palaeontologia Indica (n.s.) 1 (3): 1-378, pls 1-25.NOMURA S. 1935. — Catalogue of the Tertiary andQuaternary Mollusca from the island of Taiwan(Formosa) in the Institute of Geology andPalaeontology, Tôhoku Imperial University,Sendai, Japan. Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda.Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University,Sendai, Japan, Second Series (Geology) 18 (2): 53-228 [1-176], pls 6-10 [1-5].NOMURA S. 1938 [December]. — Variation of ribs inDentalium octangulatum Donovan. Venus 8 (3-4):155-158.NOMURA S. 1940 [March]. — Mollusca dredged bythe Husa-Maru from the Pacific coast of TibaPrefecture, Japan. Records of the OceanographicWorks in Japan 12 (1): 81-116, 1 pl.NOMURA S. & HATAI K. 1940 [July]. — The marinefaune of Kyûroku-sima and its vicinity, northeastHonsyû, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum ResearchBulletin 19: 57-115, pls 3-4.NOMURA S. & NIINO H. 1940 [March]. — Molluscadredged from off the coast of Hukui Prefecture inthe Japan Sea. Records of Oceanographic Works inJapan 12 (1): 23-79, 1 pl.NOSZKY J. 1936 [29 October]. — Az egri felsöCattien molluszkafaunája / Die Molluskenfaunades oberen Cattiens von Eger, in Ungarn. AnnalesHistorico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici,Budapest, Pars mineralogica, geologica, palaeontologica30: 53-115, pls 5-6 (in Hungarian withGerman summary).NOSZKY J. 1940. — A kiscelli agyag Molluszka-faunája.II. Rész Loricata, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda / DieMolluskenfauna des Kisceller Tones (Rupelien) ausder Umgebung von Budapestn II. Teil Loricata,Gastropoda und Scaphopoda. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, ParsMineralogica, Geologica et Palaeontologica 33: 1-80,pls 1-2 (in Hungarian with German summary).NYST P. H. 1835. — Recherches sur les coquilles fossilesde la province d’Anvers. Perichon, Bruxelles, iii +36 p., 5 pls [not seen].NYST P. H. 1836. — Recherches sur les coquilles fossilesde Kleyn-Spauwen et Housselt (Province duLimbourg). Messager des Sciences et des Arts de laBelgique, ou Nouvelles Archives historiques, littéraireset scientifiques (Gand) 4: 139-180, pls 1-4.NYST P. H. 1843. — [Sur les coquilles fossiles de laprovince d’Anvers]. Bulletin de la Société géologiquede France 14: 451-456.NYST P. H. 1845 [“1843”]. — Description descoquilles et des polypiers fossiles des terrains tertiairesde la Belgique. Mémoire couronné de l’Académieroyale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 17:1-697, pls 1-15.NYST P. H. 1883. — Conchyliologie des terrainstertiaires de la Belgique. Première Partie. TerrainPliocène Scaldisien. Annales du Musée royald’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Série paléontologique3: lv + 263 p., 28 pls.NYST P. H. & WESTENDORP G. D. 1839. —Nouvelles recherches sur les coquilles fossiles de laprovince d’Anvers. Bulletins de l’Académie royale desSciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 6 (2) 393-414,3 pls.ODHNER N. HJ. 1931. — Die Scaphopoden. FurtherZoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition1901-1903 2 (5): 1-8, pls 1-2.O’GORMAN G. & COSSMANN M. 1923. — Le gisementCuisien de Gan (Basses-Pyrénées). Privately published,Pau, xxvii + 188 p., 14 pls [“Description desmollusques” by M. Cossmann: 1-188, pls 1-11].OKUTANI T. 1964 [July]. — Report on the archibenthaland abyssal scaphopod Mollusca mainly collectedfrom Sagami Bay and adjacent waters by theR.V. Soyo-Maru during the years 1955-1963, withsupplementary notes for the previous report onLamellibranchiata. Venus 23 (2): 72-90.OKUTANI T. 1966 [May]. — Archibenthal and abyssalMollusca collected by the R.V. Soyo-Maru fromJapanese waters during 1964. Bulletin of the TokaiRegional Fisheries Research Laboratory 46: 1-32,pls 1-2.OKUTANI T. 1975 [August]. — Deep-sea bivalves andscaphopods collected from deeper than 2,000 m inthe northwestern Pacific by the R/V Soyo-Maru andthe R/V Kaiyo-Maru during the years 1969-1974.Bulletin of the Tokai Regional Fisheries ResearchLaboratory 82: 57-87, pls 1-3.OKUTANI T. 1982 [April]. — A remarkable tusk shell,Fissidentalium horikoshii n. sp., trawled from thedeep sea shelf off Sanriku, Pacific coast of NortheastHonshu, Japan. Venus 41: 1-4.OLIVER P. G. 1984. — Scaphopoda. National Museumof Wales, Handlists of the Molluscan Collections in theDepartment of Zoology. Series 1: The Melvill-TomlinCollection 26: ii + 8 + vi + v + ii p.OLSSON A. A. 1922 [21 April]. — The Miocene ofnorthern Costa Rica; with notes on its generalstratigraphic relations. Part I. Bulletins of AmericanPaleontology 9 (39):174-482 [1-310], pls 4-35 [1-32].OLSSON A. A. 1930 [25 December]. — Contributionsto the Tertiary paleontology of northern Peru.Part 3, Eocene Mollusca. Bulletins of AmericanPaleontology 17 (62): 1-96, pls 1-12.OLSSON A. A. 1942 [25 December]. — Tertiary andQuaternary fossils from the Burica Peninsula ofPanama and Costa Rica. Bulletins of AmericanPaleontology 27 (106): 153-258 [1-106], pls 14-25[1-12].OLSSON A. A. 1964 [28 October]. — NeogeneMollusks from Northwestern Ecuador. PaleontologicalResearch Institution, Ithaca (NY), 256 p.,38 pls.694ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)OMALIUS-D’HALLOY J. J. D’ 1853. — Géologie de laBelgique. Encyclopédie populaire. A. Jamar,Bruxelles: 279-400. Remark: see Dupont (1876:272, 289) for date of publication.OPPEL A. 1856-58. — Die Juraformation Englands,Frankreich und des sudwestlichen Deutschlands. Nachihren einzelnen Gliedern eingetheilt und verglichen.Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, 857 p. Dates of publication:1-438 (1856); 439-694 + map (1857);695-857 + table (1858).OPPENHEIM P. 1906. — Zur Kenntnis alttertiärerFaunen in Ägypten. 2. Lieferung: Der Bivalvenzweiter Teil, Gastropoda und Cephalopoda.Palaeontographica 30 (III) (7): 165-348, pls 18-27.OPPENHEIM P. 1919 [“1918”]. — Das Neogen inKleinasien. I. Teil. Zeitschrift der deutschen GeologischenGesellschaft 70 (1-4): 1-210, pls 1-12.ORBIGNY A. C. D. D’ 1843 [in 1842-1843]. —Paléontologie française. Description zoologique etgéologique de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnésfossiles de France. Terraines cretacées, Tome II[Gastropoda]. V. Masson, Paris, 456 p., pls 149-236. Remark: pages 1-80 were published in1842; pages 81-456 in 1843 (fide Sherborn 1899:223).ORBIGNY A. C. D. D’ 1845. — Terrain Secondaire.Système Jurassique (étage Oxfordien). Mollusques,in MURCHISON R. I., VERNEUIL É. DE & KEYSERLINGA. DE (eds), Géologie de la Russie d’Europe et desmontagnes de l’Oural, Volume II, Troisième Partie,Paléontologie. John Murray, London; Bertrand,Paris: 419-488, pls 28-42.ORBIGNY A. C. D. D’ 1850-1852. — Prodrome depaléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animauxmollusques et rayonnés faisant suite au cours élémentairede paléontologie et de géologie stratigraphiques.Victor Masson, Paris 1: lx + 394 p. (1850); 2:428 p. (1850); 3: 196 p. + 190 p. [Index] (1852).Remark: The new species in this work are erroneouslydated as “d’Orb., 1847” in the text.ORBIGNY A. C. D. D’ 1853 [in 1842-1853]. — Mollusques,in SAGRA R. DE LA (ed.), Histoire physique,politique et naturelle de l’Île de Cuba. Vol. 2.Bertrand, Paris, 380 p., 28 pls. Remark: refer toAguayo (1943) for dates of publication.ORTMANN A. E. 1902 [19 April]. — TertiaryInvertebrates. Reports of the Princeton UniversityExpeditions to Patagonia 1896-1899, IV, PaleontologyI (Part II): 45-332, pls 11-39.OTUKA Y. 1933 [December]. — Description of a newDentalium from Southern Japan. Venus 4 (3): 159-161. Remark: the name of this author was transliteratedin the original publication as “Otuka” butsome modern authorities have transliterated thisname as “Otsuka”.OTUKA Y. 1935 [December]. — The Oti Graben inSouthern Noto Peninsula (Part 3). Bulletin of theEarthquake Research Institute 13 (4): 846-909,pls 53-57.OYAMA K. 1973 [30 November]. — Revision ofMatajiro Yokoyama’s type Mollusca from theTertiary and Quaternary of the Kanto Area.Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Papers 17:148 p., 57 pls.OZAKI H. 1956 [March]. — Some new and interestingmolluscs from Miocene Nobori Formation inthe eastern Kôti Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of theNational Science Museum, Tokyo 3 (1): 1-6, 1 pl.PAETEL F. 1873. — Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlungvon F. Paetel, nebst uebersicht des angewandtenSystems. Berlin, iv + 172 p.PAETEL F. 1887-1888. — Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung, mit Hinzufügung der bis jetzt publicirtenrecenten Arten, sowie der ermittelten Synonyma.Fourth Edition. Vol. 1. Berlin, 639 p. Remark:pages 1-480 (parts 1-6) were published in 1887;pages 481-639 (parts 7-8) were published in 1888.PALMER C. P. 1974a [1 October]. — A supraspecificclassification of the scaphopod Mollusca. TheVeliger 17: 115-123.PALMER C. P. 1974b [1 October]. — Rectification ofnomenclature in the molluscan class Scaphopoda.The Veliger 17: 124-125.PALMER C. P. 1975 [17 May]. — A new Jurassicscaphopod from the Oxford Clay of Buckinghamshire.Palaeontology 18 (2): 377-383, pl. 52.PALMER C. P. 1986 [December]. — Catalogue ofgenera in the class Scaphopoda. The Conchologists’Newsletter 99: 395-397.PALMER C. P. 1987a [September]. — Confessions of ataxonomic sinner-mea culpa. The ConchologistsNewletter 102: 30-31.PALMER C. P. 1987b [December]. — The case forAntalis tarentinum Lamarck, 1818. The Conchologists’Newsletter 103: 54-56.PALMER C. P. 2001 [May]. — Dentalium giganteumPhillips: a serpulid worm tube. Proceedings of theYorkshire Geological Society 53 (3): 253-255.PALMER C. P. & STEINER G. 1998. — Scaphopoda,Introduction, in BEESLEY P. L., ROSS G. J. P. &WELLS A. (eds), Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis.Fauna of Australia. Vol. 5A. CSIRO Publishing,Melbourne: 431-438.PALMER D. B. K. 1923 [3 November]. — A faunafrom the Middle Eocene shales near Vacaville,California. University of California Publications,Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences14 (8): 289-318, pls 52-57.PALMER K. VAN W. 1937 [20-25 December]. — TheClaibornian Scaphopoda, Gastropoda anddibranchiate Cephalopoda of the southern UnitedStates. Bulletins of American Paleontology 7 (32):1-730, pls 1-90.PALMER K. VAN W. 1947 [6 February]. — The Molluscaof the Jackson Eocene of the Mississippi Embayment(Sabine River to the Alabama River). Part II,Univalves and Index. Bulletins of AmericanPaleontology 30 (117) (Section 2): 207-564, pls 26-65.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)695

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.PALMER K. VAN W. 1958 [8 December]. — Typespecimens of marine Mollusca described byP. P. Carpenter from the West Coast (San Diego toBritish Columbia). Memoirs of the Geological Societyof America 76: viii + 376 p., pls 1-35.PALMER K. VAN W. & BRANN D. C. 1965 [25 June].— Catalogue of the Paleocene and Eocene Molluscaof the southern and eastern United States. Part I.Pelecypoda, Amphineura, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda,and Cephalopoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology48 (218): 1-466, 3 pls.PATRULIUS D. 1996. — Heteromorphic ammonitesand other parkinsoniids of the Bathonian-LowerCallovian of Vadu Crisului (Apuseni Mountains-Romania). Memoriile Institutului Geologic alRomaniei 36: 13-19.PAVIA G. 1991 [27 February]. — I molluschi delMessiniano di Borelli (Torino). 2. Scaphopoda.Bolletino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali(Torino) 9 (1): 105-172, 9 pls.PENNA-NEME L. 1974 [28 June]. — Consideraçõessobre os Scaphopoda (Mollusca) da costa brasilieira,com descrição de uma nova espécie. Papéis Avulsosde Zoologia, São Paulo 28 (6): 105-126.PENNA-NEME L. & DA COSTA BARROS MUNIZ G.1976 [30 September]. — Um novo Dentalium(Mollusca – Scaphopoda) da Formacâo MariaFarinha, Paleoceno de Pernambuco. Anais daAcademia Brasiliera de Ciências 48(3): 523-525.PERRILLIAT M. DEL C. 1974. — Monografia de losMoluscos del Mioceno medio de Santa Rosa,Veracruz, México. Parte IV (Escafópodos:Dentaliidae, Siphonodentaliidae). PalaeontologiaMexicana 37: 51-64, pls 9-14.PERRY G. 1811. — Conchology, or the Natural Historyof Shells: Containing a New Arrangement of theGenera and Species, Illustrated by ColouredEngravings, Executed from the Natural Specimens andIncluding the Latest Discoveries. Miller, London,4p., 62 pls.PETIT R. E. & BOSS K. J. 1989 [30 August]. — SearlesV. Wood’s “Monograph of the Crag Mollusca”(1848-1882), with notes on the generic nameAstartella. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 5 (68):145-153.PETIVER J. 1702-1711. — Gazophylacium Naturae etArtis. London.PETIVER J. 1713. — Aquatilium Animalium Amboinae,&c. Icones & nomina. Containing near 400 figures...of aquatick crustaceous and testaceous Animals; ...found about Amboina, and the neighboring Indianshores, with their Latin, English, Dutch, and nativenames. J. Bateman, London, 4 p., 20 pl.PEYROT A. 1938. — Les mollusques testacés univalvesdes dépots helvétiens du Bassin Ligérien. Cataloguecritique, descriptif et illustré. Actes de la Société linnéennede Bordeaux 89 (Supplément): 361 p., 5 pls.PHILIPPI R. A. 1836. — Enumeratio MolluscorumSiciliae, cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium,quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. I. SimonisSchroppii, Berlin, xiv + 268 p., pls 1-12.PHILIPPI R. A. 1844. — Enumeratio MolluscorumSiciliae, cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium,quae in itinere suo observavit. Continens addendaet emendenda, nec non comparationem faunae recentisSiciliae cum faunis aliarum terrarum et cum faunaperiodi tertiariae. Vol. II. E. Anton, Halle, iv +303 p., pls 13-28.PHILIPPI R. A. 1846 [April]. — Diagnosen neuerConchylien-Arten. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie3: 49-55.PHILIPPI R. A. 1846-1847. — Verzeichniss der in derGegend von Magdeburg aufgefundenen Tertiärversteinerungen.Palaeontographica 1 (1): 42-44[August 1846]; 1 (2): 45-90 [March 1847].PHILIPPI R. A. 1849 [March]. — Centuria alteratestaceorum novorum. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie5 (9): 129-144.PHILIPPI R. A. 1887a. — Die Tertiären und QuartärenVersteinerungen Chiles. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig,266 p., 58 pls.PHILIPPI R. A. 1887b. — Los Fósiles Terciarios ICuartarios de Chile. Government of Chile, Santiago,256 p., 58 pls.PHILLIPS J. 1829. — Illustrations of the Geology ofYorkshire; or a Description of the Strata and OrganicRemains of the Yorkshire Coast. York, xvi + 192 p.,23 pls.PHILLIPS J. 1835. — Illustrations of the Geology ofYorkshire; or a Description of the Strata and OrganicRemains; Accompanied by a Geological Map, Sections,and Plates of the Fossil Plants and Animals. Part I.The Yorkshire Coast. 2nd ed. John Murray, London,xii + 184 p., 23 pls.PHILLIPS J. 1836. — Illustrations of the Geology ofYorkshire; or a Description of the Strata and OrganicRemains. Accompanied by a Geological Map, Sections,and Diagrams, and Figures of the Fossils. Part II. TheMountain Limestone District. John Murray,London, xx + 253 p., 24 pls.PICHLER A. 1857. — Zur Geognosie der TirolerAlpen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie,Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1857: 689-695.PICTET F.-J. & CAMPICHE G. 1864 [April] [in 1861-1864]. — Description des fossiles du terrain crétacédes environs de Sainte-Croix. Matériaux pour laPaléontologie suisse, ou Recueil de Monographies surles Fossiles du Jura et des Alpes (sér. 3) 2: 1-752,pls 44-98.PICTET F.-J. & ROUX W. 1849. — Description desmollusques fossiles qui se trouvent dans les grèsverts des environs de Genève. Mémoires de la Sociétéde Physique et d’Histoire naturelle de Genève 12:21-151, pls 16-27.PIETTE É. 1855. — Observations sur les étages inférieursdu terrain jurassique dans les départementsdes Ardennes et de l’Aisne. Bulletin de la Sociétégéologique de France (n.s.) 12: 1083-1122, pl. 31.696ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)PIETTE É. 1856. — Sur les coquilles voisines desPurpurines trouvées dans la grande oolithe desArdennes et de l’Aisne. Bulletin de la Société géologiquede France (n.s.) 13: 587-598, pls 13-15.PILSBRY H. A. 1904 [8 January]. — Publicationsreceived [Book review: The paleontology andstratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistoceneof San Pedro, California, by Ralph Arnold]. TheNautilus 17 (9): 107-109.PILSBRY H. A. 1905 [April-May]. — New Japanesemarine Mollusca. Proceedings of the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia 57: 101-122, pls 2-5.PILSBRY H. A. 1911 [24 May]. — Scaphopoda of theJamaican Oligocene and Costa Rican Pliocene.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 58: 165-169.PILSBRY H. A. 1922 [January]. — Revision of W. M.Gabb’s Tertiary Mollusca of Santo Domingo.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 73: 305-428. Remark: pages 305-352published 4 January 1922; pages 353-416 published18 January 1922; pages 417-428 published23 January 1922.PILSBRY H. A. 1927 [29 April]. — Publications received:The Fauna of the Ripley Formation on CoonCreek, Tennessee. The Nautilus 40 (4): 141-142.PILSBRY H. A. & BROWN A. P. 1917 [6 April]. —Oligocene fossils from the neighborhood ofCartagena, Colombia, with notes on some Haitianspecies. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 69: 32-41, pls 4-6.PILSBRY H. A. & HARBISON A. 1933 [17 July]. —Notes on the Miocene of southern New Jersey.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 85: 107-120, pls 3-5.PILSBRY H. A. & JOHNSON C. W. 1917 [5 May]. —New Mollusca of the Santo Dominican Oligocene.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 69: 150-202.PILSBRY H. A. & OLSSON A. A. 1941 [9 September].— A Pliocene fauna from western Ecuador.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 93: 1-80, pls 1-19.PILSBRY H. A. & SHARP B. 1897-1898. —Scaphopoda, in Manual of Conchology, 17. ConchologicalSection, Academy of Natural Sciences,Philadelphia, 280 p. [1897: 144 p., 26 pls; 1898: i-xxxii + 145-280, pls 27-37; refer to Vanatta (1927)for further details].PILSBRY H. A. & SHARP B. 1898a [18 January]. —Scaphopoda of the San Domingo Tertiary.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 1897: 465-476, pls 10-11.PLANCUS J. 1739. — De Conchis minus notis liber, cuiaccessit specimen aestus reciproci maris superiad littusportumque Arimini. Pasquali aeri autoris, Venetiis,88 p., 5 pls.PLATE L. H. 1908a [10 May]. — Die Solenoconchender Valdivia Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisseder Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem DampferValdivia 1898-1899 9 (3): 337-362, pl. 30.PLATE L. H. 1908b. — Die Scaphopoden derDeutschen Südpolar-Expedition. Deutsche SüdpolarExpedition 1901-1903 10, Zoologie 2: 1-6.POJETA J. JR & RUNNEGAR B. 1979 [30 May]. —Rhytiodentalium kentuckyensis, a new genus and newspecies of Ordovician scaphopod, and the early historyof scaphopod mollusks. Journal of Paleontology53 (3): 530-541, pls 1-3.PONDER W. F. & STANBURY P. J. 1972 [22 June]. —Type specimens in the Macleay Museum,University of Sydney. VI. Molluscs. Proceedings ofthe Linnean Society of New South Wales 97: 42-55.PONZI G. 1858. — Note sur les diverses zones de laformation pliocène des environs de Rome. Bulletinde la Société géologique de France (n.s.) 15: 555-561.PONZI G. 1876. — I fossili del Monte Vaticano. Attidella Reale Accademia dei Lincei (series 2) 3 (2):925-959, pls1-3.PORTLOCK J. E. 1843. — Report on the Geology of theCounty of Londonderry, and of parts of Tyrone andFermanagh. Andrew Milliken, Dublin, xxxii +784 p., pls 1-38, A-I.POTIEZ V. L. F. & MICHAUD A. L. G. 1838. —Galerie des mollusques, ou Catalogue méthodique,descriptif et raisonné des mollusques et coquilles dumuséum de Douai. Volume 1. J.-B. Baillière, Paris,xxxvi + 560 + iv p.POWELL A. W. B. 1976. — Shells of New Zealand. AnIllustrated Handbook. Whitcoulls, Christchurch,154 p.QI Z. & MA X. 1989. — A study of the familyDentaliidae (Molusca [sic]) found in China. ChineseJournal of Oceanology and Limnology 7 (2): 112-122.QUAAS A. 1902 [November]. — Die Fauna derOverwegischichten und der Blätterthone in derlibyschen Wüste. Palaeontographica 30 (II) (4):153-336, pls 20-33.QUENSTEDT F. A. 1852. — Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde.Laupp, Tübingen, iv + 793 p., 62 pls.QUENSTEDT F. A. 1856-1858. — Der Jura. Laupp,Tübingen, vi + 842 p., 103 pls. Remark: dates ofpublication (fide BMNH Library Catalogue: 1633),Lieferung 1, 1-208, pls 1-24 (April 1856);Lieferung 2, 209-368, pls 25-49 (September 1856);Lieferung 3, 369-576, pls 50-72 (December 1856);Lieferung 4, 577-823, pls 53-100 (May 1857);1858 (prefatory material and indexes) (1858); threecolored plates showing strata were issued withLieferungen 2-4, bringing the total to 103 plates.QUENSTEDT F. A. 1867. — Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde.Second edition. Laupp, Tübingen, viii+ 982 p., 86 pls.RAINES B. K. 2002. — Contributo alla conscenza deimolluschi dell’Isola di Pasqua. La Conchiglia34 (304): 11-40.RANG P. C. S. A. L. 1828. — Notice sur quelquesMollusques nouveaux appartenant au genre Cléodore,ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)697

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.et établissement et monographie du sous-genreCréseis. Annales des Sciences naturelles 13: 302-319,pls 17-18.RANG P. C. S. A. L. 1829. — Description de cinqespèces de coquilles fossiles appartenant à la classedes Ptéropodes. Annales des Sciences naturelles16: 492-499, pl. 19.RAVN J. P. J. 1918. — De marine Kridtaflejringer iVest-Grønland og deres Fauna. Meddelelser omGrønland, København 56: 309-366, pls 5-9.RAVN J. P. J. 1939. — Études sur les mollusques dupaléocène de Copenhague. Det Kongelige DanskeVidenskabernes Selskabets, Biologiske Skrifter 1 (1):1-106, pls 1-4.RAYMOND W. J. 1904 [5 March]. — A new Dentaliumfrom California. The Nautilus 17 (11): 123-124.RAYNEVAL A. G., HECKE V. & PONZI G. 1854. —Catalogue des fossiles du Monte Mario (près Rome).Beau, Versailles, 20 p.RAZZORE A. 1896. — Alcuni scafopodi del PlioceneLigure. Atti della società Ligustica di scienze naturalie geografiche, Genova 7: 247-258, pl. 3.REEVE L. A. 1843 [February]. — Descriptions of newspecies of shells figured in the ConchologicaSystematica. Proceedings of the Zoological Society ofLondon for 1842 10 (119): 197-202.REHDER H. A. 1942 [14 October]. — Dentalium(Antalis) pilsbryi, new name. The Nautilus 56 (2): 69.REHDER H. A. & LADD H. S. 1973 [25 February]. —Deep and shallow-water mollusks from the CentralPacific. Science Reports of the Tohoku University,Sendai 2nd ser. (Geology), Special Vol. 6 (HataiMemorial Volume): 37-49, pl. 3.RENIER S. A. 1804. — Tavola alfabetica delleConchiglei Adriatiche [and] Prospetto della Classe deiVermi. Padua, xiii + xv-xxviii p. [Placed on theOfficial Index of Rejected and Invalid Works inZoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1954: Opinion316)].REPELIN J. 1907. — Monographie de la faunesaumâtre du campanien inférieur du sud-est de laFrance (Zone du Plan d’Aups). Annales du Muséed’Histoire Naturelle, Marseille 10: 1-87, pls 1-12.REUSS A. E. VON 1844. — Geognostische Skizze ausBöhmen. Band 2, Die Kreidegebilde des westlichenBöhmens, ein mongraphischer Versuch. NebstBemerkungen über die Braunkohlenlager jenseits derElbe und eine Uebersicht der fossilen FischresteBöhmens. Prag, vi + 304 p., 3 pls.REUSS A. E. VON 1845-1846. — Die Versteinerungender Böhmischen Kreideformation. E. Schweizerbart’scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Part I: iv + 58 p.,pls 1-13 (1845); Part II: 148 p., pls 14-51 (1846).RICHARDSON L. 1906 [30 November]. — LiassicDentaliidae. Quarterly Journal of the GeologicalSociety of London 62 (4): 573-596, pl. 45.RICKER P. L. 1908 [23 January]. — Dates of the signaturesof the “Mémoires de l’Académie impériale desSciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, Série VI, Sciencesmathématiques, physiques et naturelles”. Proceedingsof the Biological Society of Washington 21: 11-18.RILEY T. H. 1974. — Type specimens in the palaeontologicalcollections of Sheffield City Museums,England. Newsletter of the Geological Curators Group1 (2): 36-37.RISSO A. 1826a. — Histoire naturelle des principalesproductions de l’Europe méridionale, et particulièrementde celles des environs de Nice et des AlpesMaritimes. Vol. 1. Levrault, Paris, xii + 448 p.RISSO A. 1826b. — Histoire naturelle des principalesproductions de l’Europe méridionale, et particulièrementde celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes.Vol. 4 Levrault, Paris, vii + 1-439, 12 pls.ROCHEBRUNE A.-T. DE & MABILLE J. 1889. —Mollusques. Mission du Cap Horn 1882-1883(Paris) 6 (Zoologie 2): H.1-H.129, pls 1-8.RÖDING P. F. 1798. — Museum Boltenianum siveCatalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quaeolim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten: Pars Secunda continensConchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia &multivalvia. Johan, Christi, Trappii, Hamburg,199 + ii p.ROMANOVSKII G. D. 1890. — Materialyi dliia GeologiiTurkestanskago Kraia. Istoricheskaia geologiia: paleontologicheskiikharakter osadochnyikh obrazovaniizapadnago Tyan-Shanya i Turanskoi nizmennosti[Materials on the Geology of Turkestan. HistoricalGeology: Paleontological Character of the Sediments ofEast Tian-Shan and of the Turkestan Plain]. Volume3. Akademiia Nauka, St Petersburg, 163 p., 21 pls(in Russian).RÖMER F. A. 1836-1839. — Die Versteinerungen desnorddeutschen Oolithen-Gebirges. Hahn, Hannover,218 p. + 16 pls; Nachtrag (1839), iv + 59 p., 5 pls.RÖMER F. A. 1855 [April]. — Beiträge zur Kenntnissdes nordwestlichen Harzgebirges. Dritte Abtheilung.Palaeontographica 5 (1): 1-46, pls 1-8.ROSENBERG G. & PETIT R. E. 1987 [28 December].— Ryckholt’s Mélanges Paléontologiques, 1851-1862, with a new name for Tudicula H. &A. Adams non Ryckholt. Proceedings of the Academyof Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 139: 53-64.ROSSI RONCHETTI C. 1955. — I tipi della “ConchiologiaFossile Subappennina” di G. Brocchi. Parte II:Gastropodi, Scafopodi. Rivista Italiana diPaleontologia e Stratigrafia, Memorie 5 (2): 91-343 +[xiii] p.ROUAULT A. 1850. — Description des fossiles du terrainÉocène des environs de Pau. Mémoires de laSociété géologique de France (sér. 2) 3 (2): 457-502,pls 14-18.ROYO Y GOMEZ J. 1945 [19 December]. — Fósiles delBarremiense colombiano. Servico GeologícoNacional, Compilacion de los Estudios GeologicosOficiales en Colombia 6: 455-494, pls 70-75.RUGGIERI G. 1980. — Cadulus (Gadila) razzoreiCaprotti, 1979. Una opinione. Bolletino Malacologico16 (3-4): 95-96.698ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)RUHOFF F. A. 1980 [9 December]. — Index to thespecies of Mollusca introduced from 1850 to 1870.Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 294: 640 p.RUMPHIUS G. E. 1705. — D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer,behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zooweekeals harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare Krabben,Kreeften, en diergelyke Zeedieren, als mede allerhandeHoorntjes en Schulpen, die men in d’Amboinsche Zeevindt: daar beneven zommige Mineraalen, Gesteenten,en soorten van Aarde, die in d’Amboinsche, en zommigeomleggendeEilanden gevonden worden. Verdeeltin drie booken, &c. Fr. Halma, Amsterdam, xxviii +340 [43] p., 60 pls.RYCKHOLT P. DE 1851-1862. — Mélanges Paléontologiques.Part 1 (1851), Mémoires couronnés etMémoires des Savants étrangers de l’Académie royaledes Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique24: 1-176, pl. 1-10. Part 2 (1854), 205 p., pls 11-20 (privately published). Part 3 (1860-1862),pl. 23-36 (privately published) [refer to Rosenberg& Petit (1987) for further details].SABATTINI N. 1979 [November]. — Presencia deScaphopoda (Mollusca) en el Paleozoico superior deArgentina. Ameghiniana, Revista de la AsociaciónPaleontológica Argentina 16 (1-2): 19-26.SACCO F. 1896 [14 December]. — I molluschi dei terreniterziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Bolletinodei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata dellaReale Università di Torino 11 (267): 79-98 [refer toMarshall (1991) for dates and collation].SACCO F. 1897 [March]. — I molluschi dei terreniterziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 22.Clausen, Torino, 148 p., pls 1-10 [refer to Marshall(1991) for dates and collation].SAFFORD J. M. 1869. — Geology of Tennessee.Geological Survey, Nashville, xi + 550 pp, 8 pls.SAKURAI K. & SHIMAZU T. 1963 [July]. — A new tuskshell, Striocadulus (Sagamicadulus) elegantissimussubgen. et sp. nov., from Sagami Bay, Japan.Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 6:250-251.SALIS MARSCHLINS C. U. VON 1793. — Reisen in verschiedneProvinzen des Königreichs Neapel. Ziegler,Zurich, 442 p., 10 pl.SALTER J. W. 1857. — On the Cretaceous fossils ofAberdeenshire, with a note on the position of theChalk-flints and Greensand (by W. Ferguson).Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London13 (1): 83-89, pl. 2.SANDBERG L. & WARÉN A. 1993. — Molluscan taxaintroduced by Nils Hjalmar Odhner. MalakologischeAbhandlungen 16: 117-134.SANDBERGER G. & SANDBERGER F. 1856 [in 1850-1856]. — Die Versteinerungen des RheinischenSchichtensystems in Nassau. Kreidel & Niedner,Weisbaden, xv + 564 p., 41 pls.SANDBERGER G. 1842. — Vorläufige Übersicht überdie eigenthümlichen bei Villmar an der Lahnauftretenden jüngeren Kalk-Schichten der älteren(sog. Uebergangs-) Formation, besonders nachihren organischen Einschlüssen, und Beschreibungihrer wesentlichen neuer Arten. Neues Jahrbuch fürMineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1842: 379-402, pl. 8-B.SANGIORGI D. 1926. — Gasteropodi neogenici dellaPonticella di Sàvena presso Bologna. Giornale diGeologia, Bologna (ser. 2) 1: 65-121, pl. 7.SARS G. O. 1872. — Some remarkable forms of animallife from the great deeps off the Norwegiancoast. I. Partly from posthumous manuscripts ofthe late Professor Dr Michael Sars. Universitets-Program Christiana forste halvaar 1869 [1], i-viii,82 p., 6 pls.SARS G. O. 1878. — Bidrag til Kundskaben omNorges arktiske Fauna. I. Mollusca regionis ArcticaeNorvegiae. Oversigt over de i Norges arktiskeregion forkommende Bløddyr. Universitets-ProgramChristiana forste halvaar 1878 [1]: xiii + [iii] +466 p., 34 pls (shells), 18 pls (radulae).SARS M. 1851. — Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken.Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 6 (2): 121-211.SARS M. 1859. — Bidrag til en Skildring af den arctiskeMolluskfauna ved Norges nordlige KystnForhandelinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i ChristianiaAar 1858: 34-87.SARS M. 1860. — Zoologisk og anatomisk Beskrivelseover Siphonodentalium, en ny Slaegt af DentalidernesFamilie. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania Aar 1859: 182-184.SARS M. 1861. — Om Siphonodentalium vitreum,en ny Slaegt og Art af Dentalidernes Familie.Universitets-Program Christiania forste halvaar1861: 29 p., 3 pls.SARS M. 1865a. — Malakozoologiske Iagttagelser. II.Nye Arter af Slaegten Siphonodentalium. Forhandelingeri Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania Aar1864: 296-315, pls 6-7.SARS M. 1865b. — Om de i Norge forekommendefossile Dyrelevninger fra Qvatærperioden etbidrag til vor Faunas Historie. Universitets-Program Christiana forste halvaar 1865: viii +134 p., 4 pls.SARS M. 1869. — Fortstatte Bemaerkninger overdet dyriske Livs Udbredning I Havets Dybder.Forhandelinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christianiafor 1868: 246-275 [1-32 in reprint].SARS M. 1870. — Bidrag til Kundskab om ChristianiafjordensFauna. II. Nyt Magazin forNaturvidenskaberne 17 (2-3): 113-226, pls 8-13.SASONOVA I. G. 1958. — [Lower Cretaceous layers ofthe central districts of the Russian Platform], inFLEROVA O. V. (ed.), Mezozoiskie I TretichnyeOtlozheniia Tsentral’nykh Oblastei Russkoi [Mesozoicand Tertiary layers of the central districts of theRussian Platform]. Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel’skii Geologorazvedochnyi NeftianoiInstitut, Moscow: 31-183, pls 1-23 (in Russian).ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)699

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.SAY T. 1824. — An account of some of the fossil shellsof Maryland. Journal of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 4 (1): 124-155, pls 7-13.SCACCHI A. 1835. — Notizie intorno alle conchiglie ed a’Zoofiti fossili, che si trovano nelle vicinanze di Gravinain Puglia. Annali Civici del Regno Delle due Sicilie7 (13): 5-18, pls 1-2 [refer to Boss (1968) for full data].SCALIA S. 1914. — La fauna del Trias superiore delgruppo di Mte Judica. Parte III. Atti dellaAccademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in CataniaAnno 91 (ser. 5), Volume 7, Memoria XXIV: 1-25,pls 1-2 [7-8].SCARABINO V. 1973. — Scaphopoda (Mollusca) delsur del Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina hasta 42°S.(Sistematica, Distribucion). Trabajos de V. CongressoLatinoamericano de la Zoologia 1: 192-203, pl. 1.SCARABINO V. 1975 [December]. — Scaphopoda, inRIOS E. C. (ed.) Brazilian Marine MollusksIconography. 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Deep-Sea Research, Supplement tovol. 3: 309-320.TURTON W. 1819. — A Conchological Dictionary ofthe British Islands. J. Booth, London, xxvii + 272 p.,28 pls.VAN DEN BINKHORST J. T. 1861-1862. —Monographie des Gastéropodes et des Céphalopodes dela Craie Supérieure du Limbourg, suivie d’unedescription de quelques espèces de Crustacés du mêmedépôt Crétacé. Verlag Muquardt, Bruxelles, 2 parts,83 p., 10 pls; 44 p., 6 pls.VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., LELOUX J,WESSELINGH F. P. & WINKLER PRINS C. F. 2002.— Cenozoic Molluscan types from Java (Indonesia)in the Martin Collection (Division of CenozoicMollusca), National Museum of Natural History,Leiden. NNM Technical Bulletin (Leiden) 5: 1-130,pls 1-3.VAN INGEN G. 1905. — Fossils and rocks collected inSyria, in LIBBEY W. & HOSKINS F. E. (eds), TheJordan Valley and Petra. Volume 2, Appendix VII.G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York: 353-370 + pls A-C.VANATTA E. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)VERCO J. C. 1911a [December]. — Notes on SouthAustralian marine Mollusca, with descriptions ofnew species. Part 14. Transactions of the RoyalSociety of South Australia 35: 204-215, pls 26-27.VERCO J. C. 1911b [December]. — Notes on themarine shells of Western Australia, with descriptionsof new species. Part I. Transactions of the RoyalSociety of South Australia 35: 216-219, pl. 26.VERGNEAU-SAUBADE A.-M. 1968. — Quelquesespèces nouvelles de mollusques de l’Oligocèneaquitain. Bulletin de l’Institut de Géologie du Bassind’Aquitaine 4: 196-211, 1 pl.VERRILL A. E. 1880 [November]. — Notice of theremarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banksoff the southern coast of New England. AmericanJournal of Science (3) 20: 390-403.VERRILL A. E. 1884 [April-July]. — Second catalogueof Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the NewEngland coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic,consisting mostly of deep-sea species, with notes onothers previously recorded. Transactions of theConnecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 139-294, pls 28-32.VERRILL A. E. 1885a [April-June]. — Third catalogueof Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the NewEngland coast and the adjacent parts of theAtlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species, withnotes on others previously recorded. Transactionsof the Connecticut Academy of Art and Sciences 6:395-452, pls 42-44.VERRILL A. E. 1885b. — Results of the explorationsmade by the steamer Albatross off the northern coastof the United States in 1883. Annual Report ofthe Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1883:503-699, pls 1-44.VINASSA DE REGNY P. E. 1895. — I Molluschi delleGlauconie bellunesi (Nota preventiva). 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Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.WEINKAUFF H. C. 1868 [in 1867-68]. — DieConchylien des Mittelmeeres, ihre geographische undgeologische Verbreitung. Vol. 2. T. Fischer, Cassel,vi + 512 p.WEISBORD N. E. 1964 [19 June]. — Late Cenozoicscaphopods and serpulid polychaetes from northernVenezuela. Bulletins of American Paleontology47 (214): 107-204, pls 16-22.WELLE J. 1997 [July]. — Oligozäne Mollusken ausdem Schacht 8 der Bergwerksgesellschaft SophiaJacoba bei Erkelenz (Niederrheinische Bucht).Leipziger Geowissenschaften 4: 1-137, 16 pls.WETHERELL N. T. 1837. — Observations on a welldug on the south side of Hampstead Heath.Transactions of the Geological Society of London(ser. 2) 5 (1): 131-136, pls 8-9. Remark: page 136consists of “Description of the new species andvarieties figured in plates VIII and IX. By Mr. J. deCarle Sowerby”.WHITE C. A. 1874 [December]. — Preliminary Reportupon Invertebrate Fossils Collected by the Expeditionsof 1871, 1872, and 1873, with Descriptions of NewSpecies. Geographical and Geological Explorations andSurveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian.Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,27 p.WHITE C. A. 1875. — Report upon the Invertebratefossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah,Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties ofthe Expeditions of 1871, 872, 1873, and 1874.Report Upon Geographical and Geological Explorationsand Surveys West of the One HundredthMeridian, Part 1, Volume 4 (Paleontology).Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,219 p., 21 pls.WHITE R. D. 1998 [15 October]. — A type catalog offossil invertebrates (Mollusca: Coleoidea, Monoplacophoraand Scaphopoda) in the Yale PeabodyMuseum. Postilla 216: 1-6.WHITE R. D., HORSTMAN B. H., MCFADDEN K. E. &SKORINA L. K. 1999 [29 December]. — A typecatalog of fossil invertebrates (Mollusca: Gastropoda)in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 218: 1-76.WHITEAVES J. F. 1887. — On some Marine Invertebratadredged or otherwise collected by Dr G. M. Dawson,in 1885, in the northern part of the Strait ofGeorgia, in Discovery Passage, Johnstone Strait andQueen Charlotte and Quatsino Sounds, BritishColumbia; with a Supplementary List of a few landand fresh water shells, fishes, birds, etc., from thesame region. Transactions of the Royal Society ofCanada 4 (4): 111-137.WHITFIELD R. P. 1882. — Description of some newspecies of fossils from Ohio, with remarks on someof the geological formations in which they occur.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2:193-244.WILCKENS O. 1907 [October]. — Die Lamellibranchiaten,Gastropoden etc. der oberen KreideSüdpatagoniens. Berichte der naturforschendenGesellschaft zu Freiburg im Breslau 15: 97-166 (1-70),pls 2-9.WILCKENS O. 1911. — Die Mollusken der antarktischenTertiärformation. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisseder Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-19033(13): 1-42, 1 pl.WILCKENS O. 1922. — The Upper CretaceousGastropods of New Zealand. New ZealandGeological Survey, Palaeontological Bulletin 9: viii +42 p., 5 pls.WINCHELL A. 1862. — Descriptions of fossils fromthe Marshall and Huron Groups of Michigan.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 1862: 405-430.WINCHELL A. 1863. — Descriptions of fossils fromthe Yellow Sandstone lying beneath the “BurlingtonLimestone,” at Burlington, Iowa. Proceedings ofthe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia1863: 2-25.WINCHELL A. 1865. — Descriptions of new species offossils, from the Marshall Group of Michigan, andits supposed equivalent, in other States; with noteson some fossils of the same age previously described.Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 1865: 109-133.WINCKWORTH R. 1927 [May]. — Marine Molluscafrom India and Ceylon.-I. Dentalium. Proceedings ofthe Malacological Society of London 17 (4): 167-169,pl. 14.WINCKWORTH R. 1936 [14 November]. — Journal deConchyliologie: dates of publication. 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Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)WOODS H. 1896 [1 February]. — The Mollusca ofthe Chalk Rock. Quarterly Journal of the GeologicalSociety of London 52 (1): 68-98, pls 2-4.WOODWARD H. B. 1893. — Memoirs of the GeologicalSurvey of the United Kingdom. The Jurassic Rocks ofBritain. Volume III. The Lias of England and Wales(Yorkshire excepted). HMSO, London, xii + 399 p.WORTHEN A. H. 1883. — Descriptions of some newspecies of fossil shells from the UpperCarboniferous Limestones and Coal Measures ofIllinois. Geological Survey of Illinois (Geology andPalaeontology) 8: 323-338.WRIGHT C. W. & CLEEVELY R. J. 1985 [2 April]. —Authorship and dates of the Sowerby’s MineralConchology of Great Britain. Bulletin of ZoologicalNomenclature 42 (1): 64-71.WU S.-K. & BRANDAUER N. E. 1982 [1 October]. —Type specimens of Recent Mollusca in theUniversity of Colorado Museum. Natural HistoryInventory of Colorado 7: 1-47.YANCEY T. 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United States Geological Survey Bulletin1210: 271 p.YOKOYAMA M. 1920 [22 March]. — Fossils from theMiura Peninsula and its immediate north. Journalof the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo39 (6): 1-198, pls 1-20.YOKOYAMA M. 1922 [7 July]. — Fossils from theUpper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. Journalof the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo44 (1): viii + 1-200, pls 1-17.YOKOYAMA M. 1923. — Tertiary fossils from Kii.Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography 2 (3):47-58, pls 6-7.YOKOYAMA M. 1926 [18 September]. — Fossil shellsfrom Sado. Journal of the Faculty of Science,Imperial University of Tokyo. Section II: Geology,Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology 1 (8): 249-312,pls 32-37.YOKOYAMA M. 1927a. — Mollusca from the UpperMusashino of Toyko and its suburbs. Journal of theFaculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo.Section II: Geology, Mineralogy, Geography,Seismology 1 (10): 391-437, pls 46-50.YOKOYAMA M. 1927b [28 July]. — Tertiary shellsfrom the coal-field of Haboro, Teshio. Journal ofthe Faculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo,Section II: Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology2: 191-204, pls 51-52YOKOYAMA M. 1929. — Pliocene shells fromTonohama, Tosa. Report, Imperial Geological Surveyof Japan 104: 9-17, pls 7-8.YOKOYAMA M. 1931 [30 June]. — Neogene shellsfrom Karafto and the Hokkaido. Journal of theFaculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, SectionII: Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology 3 (4):197-204, pl. 11.YOO E. K. 1988 [16 December]. — Early CarboniferousMollusca from Gundy, Upper Hunter,New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum40 (3-4): 233-264.YOUNG J. A. JR 1942 [9 January]. — PennsylvanianScaphopoda and Cephalopoda from New Mexico.Journal of Paleontology 16 (1): 120-125, pl. 20.ZARDINI R. 1978 [November]. — Fossili Cassiani(Trias Medio-Superiore). Atlante dei gasteropodidella formazione di S. Cassiano raccolta nellaregione dolomitica attorno a Cortina d’Ampezzo.Edizioni Ghedina, Cortina d’Ampezzo, 58 p.,41 pls.ZEIDLER W. & MACPHAIL M. K. 1978 [12 June]. —Mollusc type-specimens in the South AustralianMuseum; I: Cephalopoda and Scaphopoda.Records of the South Australian Museum 17 (26):381-385.ZEKELI L. F. 1852. — Die Gastropoden der Gosaugebilde.Abhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichenZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)707

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.geologischen Reichstanstalt in Wien, 2. Abtheilung1(2): 1-124, pls 1-24.ZENKER J. C. 1836. — Historisch-topographischesTaschenbuch von Jena und seiner Umgebung besondersin naturwissenschaftlicher u. medicinischerBeziehung. F. Frommann, Jena, x + 338 p.ZILCH A. 1934 [21 December]. — Zur Fauna desMittel-Miocäns von Kostej (Banat). Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger’sBearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana 16 (4-6): 193-302,22 pls.ZIMMERMANN K. G. 1847. — Ueber Tertiärpetrefacteaus dem Sachsenwalde. Amtlicher Bericht über die24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerztein Kiel im September 1846: 240-244.ZINNDORF J. 1928. — Die Versteinerungen aus denTertiär-Ablagerungen von Offenbach a. M. I. Teil.Die Conchylien des Rupeltones (Septarientones).Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Offenbacher Vereins fürNaturkunde 66-68: 1-65, pls 1-6.ZITTEL K. A. 1864. — Fossile Mollusken undEchinodermen aus Neu-Seeland. Novara-Expedition,Geologischer Theil, I., Band 2. Abtheilung,Paläontologie von Neu-Seeland. Beiträge zurKenntniss der Fossilen Flora und Fauna der ProvinzenAuckland und Nelson: 15-68, pls 6-15.Submitted on 19 October 2001;accepted on 15 October 2004.708ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)APPENDIX 1Rectification of nomenclature. Renaming of homonyms.In the course of preparing this catalog, we identifieda significant number of junior homonyms.Since the majority of scaphopod species wereoriginally described in the genus Dentalium, it isnot surprising that the same species nameshould be used twice, or even more often, forthis genus. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898)renamed numerous homonyms, except for severalthat they considered to be nomina dubia orotherwise invalid (e.g., “The name is preoccupied;but as this is probably not a valid species itneed not be renamed”, Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:310).Subsequently, Emerson (1954) renamed 12 juniorhomonyms, and Palmer (1974b) renamed11 junior homonyms. These authors tartly notedthat nearly all of these homonyms “could havebeen avoided” if the authors had taken the timeto consult Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) beforedescribing their new species.We have uncovered an additional 29 juniorhomonyms, 13 of which are listed below and areherein renamed. Full bibliographic data for eachspecies is given in the main catalog. There are 11taxa that we have not renamed, although ICZN(1999) article 60.1 requires replacement namesfor junior homonyms that do not have an “availableand potentially valid synonym”. If either thesenior or the junior homonym is a dubiousspecies due to the lack of type material, localitydata, or proper descriptions, or if a junior synonymis available, we avoided introducing newnames for probably invalid taxa. For each of thesejunior homonyms we justified our decisions inthe main catalog: Dentalium attenuatumSowerby, 1860 non Say, 1824; Dentalium ovaleCooke, 1928 non “Malm.”; Dentalium dentalisvar. aequicostata Foresti, 1895 non Dentaliumaequicostatum Koenen, 1892; Dentalium angulatumVinassa de Regny, 1897 non Buckman inMurchison, 1845; Dentalium annulatumCristofori & Jan, 1832 non Gmelin, 1791; Dentaliumbrevifissum Galeotti, 1837 non Deshayes,1825; Dentalium calabrum Crema, 1910 nonO. G. Costa, 1851; Dentalium conicum Seguenza,1876 non Hutton, 1873; Dentalium decemcostatumQuaas, 1902 non Brazier, 1877; Dentalium(Fustiaria) geinitzi Koenen, 1892 non Böhm,1885; Dentalium(?) giganteum Zenker, 1836 nonPhillips, 1829; Dentalium inaequicostatumDautzenberg, 1891 non Seguenza, 1879;Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum Cossmann, 1915non Deshayes, 1825; Dentalium octogonumRayneval, Hecke & Ponzi, 1854 non Lamarck,1818; Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinatapliocenica Koperberg, 1931 non Sacco, 1897;Dentalium rugosum Eichwald, 1857 non Dunker,1849.Furthermore, this list of renamed homonymsdoes not include the numerous subspecific-ranknames of Sacco (1897) and Locard, who repeatedlyused the same name below the species level.Should a subsequent researcher recognize one ofSacco’s or Locard’s junior homonyms as beingvalid, it can then be renamed.Further, to the best of our knowledge, only oneof these junior homonyms, Antalis inaequicostata(Dautzenberg, 1891) can be preserved pursuantto ICZN (1999) article 23.9.1, which allows forhomonyms that have been widely used in the literatureto be preserved if the senior name has notbeen used since 1899.Where possible, we contacted the authors of thespecies taxa that are junior homonyms, i.e.Rodolfo Brunet, Maria del Carmen Perrilliat andVictor Scarabino, to ascertain whether theywould prefer to rename their own homonyms.Drs Perrilliat and Scarabino kindly consented toour renaming their homonyms; no reply wasreceived from Mr Brunet, despite severalinquiries.Dentalium (Graptacme) acuticostatum Plate, 1908anon Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes, 1825. Hereinrenamed Graptacme acutistriata Steiner & Kabat,2004.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)709

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886 non Dentaliumannulatum Gmelin, 1791. Herein renamedDentalium parannulatum Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium asperum Brunet, 1995 non Dentalium asperumMichelotti, 1847. Herein renamed Dentaliumbruneti Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium bicarinatum Wanner, 1902 non Dentaliumbicarinatum Deshayes, 1825. Herein renamedDentalium wanneri Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium brevifissum Brugnone, 1876 non Dentaliumbrevifissum Deshayes, 1825. Herein renamedDentalium brugnonei Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877 nonDentalium duodecimcostatum d’Archiac, 1850.Herein renamed Dentalium healyi Steiner & Kabat,2004.Dentalium (Laevidentalium) ellipticum Koenen, 1892non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. Hereinrenamed Laevidentalium pseudellipticum Steiner &Kabat, 2004.Dentalium flavum Scarabino, 1995 non Dentaliumflavum Henderson, 1920. Herein renamed Dentaliumscarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium hexagonum Van Ingen, 1905 nonDentalium hexagonum Gould, 1859. Hereinrenamed Dentalium vaningeni Steiner & Kabat,2004.Cadulus martini Scarabino, 1995 non Cadulus martiniFinlay, 1927. Herein renamed Cadulus scarabinoiSteiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium (Tesseracme) mexicanum Perrilliat, 1975non Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909. Hereinrenamed Dentalium perrilliatae Steiner & Kabat,2004.Dentalium minor Stephenson, 1952 non Dentaliumcaudani var. minor Locard, 1898. Herein renamedDentalium minorinum Steiner & Kabat, 2004.Dentalium polygonum Casey, 1903 non Dentaliumpolygonum Reuss, 1844. Herein renamed Dentaliumcaseyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004.APPENDIX 2Arguments for the taxonomic decisions.NEW GENERIC COMBINATIONSDentalium americanum Chenu, 1843 has previouslybeen placed in Dentalium (e.g., Pilsbry &Sharp 1897: 22; Henderson 1920: 27; Scarabino1975: 183). This species shows six primary ribscharacteristic for the genus Paradentalium,whereas Dentalium has eight to 12 primary ribs.Therefore, we have transferred this species toParadentalium.Dentalium peruvianum Dall, 1908 has the followingcharacters diagnostic of Fissidentalium:large (90 mm), almost straight shell with slightlydepressed anterior aperture; a high number ofprimary ribs (about 26); a long and wide slit onthe ventral side of the apex. In agreement with V.Scarabino (in litt. 6.III.2000), we have transferredthis species to Fissidentalium.Dentalium cancellatum Sowerby, 1860 shows sixto eight primary ribs (intercalating towards theanterior aperture) intersected by raised transversestriae giving the shell a cancellated appearancetypical for Coccodentalium. Similar patterns ofsculpture are also present in some species ofFissidentalium and Compressidentalium, both ofwhich have more than 12 primary ribs. We,therefore, transferred this species to Coccodentalium.Cadulus (Platyschides) foweyensis Henderson,1920 has four apical lobes, two lateral and oneeach dorsal and ventral, separated by distinctnotches. This is typical for the genus Polyschides.We, therefore, transferred this species toPolyschides.Cadulus (Platyschides) nitidus Henderson, 1920has four apical lobes, two lateral and one eachdorsal and ventral, separated by distinct notches.This is typical for the genus Polyschides. We,therefore, have transferred this species toPolyschides.Cadulus poculum Dall, 1889 has been transferredto the genus Polyschides because of the position ofthe maximum diameter being in the anteriorthird of the shell and the lateral projections at theapex indicating four apical lobes. Henderson710ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)(1920: 108, 109) listed this species in his subgenusPlatyschides that was synonymized withGadila by Scarabino (1995). Although the placementinto Gadila is possible due to the inadequatelypreserved apical features, the stronglyoblique anterior aperture resembles that of severalPolyschides species.Cadulus (Platyschides) portoricensis Henderson,1920 has four apical lobes typical for the genusPolyschides. We, therefore, have transferred thisspecies to Polyschides.Siphodentalium teres Jeffreys, 1883 has beenremoved from Siphonodentalium because it hasneither more than four apical lobes nor an anteriorconstriction, which is diagnostic ofSiphonodentalium. Because of the long and slightlytapering shell and the radula morphology(polygonal, unicuspidate rhachis; lateral toothwith three cusps, the posterior two being closer toeach other and separated from the anterior cuspby a nodulous ridge), we have transferred thisspecies to Pulsellum. The two lateral lobes atthe shell apex, however, are unique among theScaphopoda.NEW SYNONYMIESThe following taxa have previously been recognizedas a valid species, or as infrasubspecific taxa,of Fissidentalium: Dentalium ergasticum Fischer,1883 (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 74, 75) and itsforms D. e. var. albida Locard, 1898, D. e. var.elongata Locard, 1898, D. e. var. major Locard,1896, D. e. var. minor Locard, 1898; D. milneedwardsiLocard, 1897; D. scamnatum Locard,1897 (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 79) and its formsD. s. var. alba Locard, 1898, D. s. var. minorLocard, 1898, D. s. var. subrecta Locard, 1898.However, these taxa fall within the range of variationof Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877),as Bernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers.comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison ofavailable type material and additional material.The synoymy of D. ergasticum Fischer, 1883,D. milneedwardsi Locard, 1897, and D. scamnatumLocard, 1897 with Fissidentalium capillosum(Jeffreys, 1877) is, therefore, credited toB. Métivier. Note that this synonymy changesthe name of the type species of the genusFissidentalium from Fissidentalium ergasticum toFissidentalium capillosum.Dentalium caudani Locard, 1896 and its formsD. c. var. parfaiti Locard, 1898, D. c. var. intermediaLocard, 1898, and D. c. var. minor Locard,1898 have previously been recognized as a validspecies, or as infrasubspecific taxa, of Laevidentalium(Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 104).However, these taxa fall within the range of variationof Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877),as Bernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers.comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison ofavailable type material and additional material.The synonymy of D. caudani Fischer, 1883 withF. candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) is, therefore, creditedto B. Métivier.Dentalium exuberans Locard, 1897 and its formD. e. var. minor Locard, 1898 have previouslybeen recognized as a valid species, or as infrasubspecifictaxon, of Fissidentalium (Pilsbry & Sharp1897: 78, 79). However, shell shape and sculptureof these taxa are identical with the previouslydescribed F. paucicostatum (Watson, 1879), asBernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers.comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison ofavailable type material and additional material.The synonymy of D. exuberans Locard, 1897with F. paucicostatum (Watson, 1879) is, therefore,credited to B. Métivier.Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum Cossmann, 1915is placed in tentative synonymy with Fustiariamontense (Briart & Cornet, 1889) because it differsonly in the dorsal position of the apical slit.Cossmann (1915: 7) remarked that the type specimenmay be only an inverted specimen ofFustiaria montense. Dorsal displacement of the slitinfrequently occurs in other species of the genus(G. S. pers. obs.) and is, thus, not considered sufficientto separate a species, especially since thedescription was based on a single specimen only.Dentalium tessellatum Scarabino, 1995 matchesthe description and illustration of Dentaliumhabutae Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933 in all details ofshell shape and sculpture (V. Scarabino pers.comm., and in litt. 14.I.1997). Dentaliumhabutae is considered a valid species ofZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)711

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.Entalinopsis (Habe, 1957: 13). Therefore, wecredit the synonymization of D. tessellatumScarabino, 1995 with Entalinopsis habutae(Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) to V. Scarabino.Since this species is known from its shell only, itssystematic position remains tentative.Cadulus (Cadulus) halius Henderson, 1920(p. 149) falls within the range of variation ofCadulus (Cadulus) podagrinus Henderson, 1920(p. 148, 149). Both taxa were described from thesame sample. Examination of the type materialshowed that the shells are identical except for thevarying length between the posterior apertureand the location of the maximum diameter.Because these differences are insignificant, wehave synonymized Cadulus halius Henderson,1920 with C. podagrinus Henderson, 1920.Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum tenax Henderson,1920 falls within the range of variation of thenominate species, Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881), andis, therefore, placed in synonymy with the nominatespecies.Cadulus (Platyschides) rushii arne Henderson,1920 falls within the range of variation of thenominate species, Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898), and is, therefore, placed in synonymywith the nominate species.Cadulus (Gadila) agassizii var. hatterasensis Sharp& Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 falls withinthe range of variation of the nominate species,Gadila agassizii (Dall, 1881), and is, therefore,placed in synonymy with the nominate species.Dentalium bartonense Palmer, 1974 is an objectivejunior synonym of Dentalium acuticostataDeshayes, 1825. Both names are replacementnames for Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814non Born, 1778. Palmer (1974b: 125) proposedDentalium bartonense as a replacement name,apparently being unaware that Deshayes hadalready renamed this species.APPENDIX 3Generic catalog of Recent species.The compilation of valid Recent species names istaken from Steiner & Kabat (2001) and modifiedaccording to the nomenclatural and taxonomicacts in this catalog. It alphabetically lists thespecies names for each genus, the authority foreach taxon, and the number of valid Recentspecies for each genus in brackets.Annulipulsellum Scarabino, 1986 [1]euzkadii Scarabino, 1986Antalis H. & A. Adams, 1854 [41]aculeata (Sowerby, 1860)agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872)antillaris (d’Orbigny, 1853)bartletti (Henderson, 1920)berryi (Smith & Gordon, 1948)boucheti Scarabino, 1995cerata (Dall, 1881)circumcincta (Watson, 1879)dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758)diarrhox (Watson, 1879)disparile (d’Orbigny, 1853)entalis (Linnaeus, 1758)gardineri (Melvill, 1909)glaucarena (Dell, 1953)guillei Scarabino, 1995inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891)inflexa (Sowerby, 1903)infracta (Odhner, 1931)intesi (Nicklès, 1979)longitrorsa (Reeve, 1843)marukawai (Otuka, 1933)minutissima (Ludbrook, 1954)nana (Hutton, 1873)novemcostata (Lamarck, 1818)occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851)panorma (Chenu, 1843)perinvoluta (Ludbrook, 1954)phanea (Dall, 1895)pilsbryi (Rehder, 1942)porcata (Gould, 1859)712ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860)rossati (Caprotti, 1966)senegalensis (Dautzenberg, 1891)suteri (Emerson, 1954)taphria (Dall, 1889)tibana (Nomura, 1940)tubulata (Henderson, 1920)usitata (E. A. Smith, 1894)valdiviae (Plate, 1908)vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778)weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877)Anulidentalium Chistikov, 1975 [1]bambusa Chistikov, 1975Bathoxiphus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [5]ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877)inexpectatus Scarabino, 1995soyomaruae Okutani, 1964stanisici Lamprell & Healy, 1998steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998Bathycadulus Scarabino, 1995 [1]fabrizioi Scarabino, 1995Cadulus Philippi, 1844 [54]aequatorialis Jaeckel, 1932amphora Jeffreys, 1883ampullaceus Watson, 1879aratus Hedley, 1899artatus Locard, 1897atlanticus Henderson, 1920attenuatus Monterosato, 1875californicus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898campylus Melvill, 1906catharus Henderson, 1920chuni Jaeckel, 1932colliverae Lamprell & Healy, 1998congruens Watson, 1879cucurbitus Dall, 1881curtus Watson, 1879cyathoides Jaeckel, 1932cylindratus Jeffreys, 1877delicatulus Suter, 1913euloides Melvill & Standen, 1901exiguus Watson, 1879florenciae Scarabino, 1995gibbus Jeffreys, 1883glans Scarabino, 1995gracilis Jeffreys, 1877jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875)labeyriei Scarabino, 1995lunulus Dall, 1881macleani Emerson, 1978minusculus Dall, 1889monterosatoi Locard, 1897obesus Watson, 1879occiduus Verco, 1911ovulum (Philippi, 1844)parvus Henderson, 1920platei Jaeckel, 1932platensis Henderson, 1920podagrinus Henderson, 1920propinquus G. O. Sars, 1878rossoi Nicklès, 1979rudmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004siberutensis Jaeckel, 1932simillimus Watson, 1879simpsoni Henderson, 1920sofiae Scarabino, 1995subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865)teliger Finlay, 1926tersus Henderson, 1920thielei Plate, 1908transitorius Henderson, 1920tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877valdiviae Jaeckel, 1932vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey, 1940woodhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998Calliodentalium Habe, 1964 [4]balanoides (Plate, 1908)callipeplum (Dall, 1889)crocinum (Dall, 1907)semitracheatum (Boissevain, 1906)Chistikovia Scarabino, 1995 [1]kermadecae Scarabino, 1995Coccodentalium Sacco, 1896 [2]cancellatum (Sowerby, 1860)gemmiparum (Melvill, 1909)Compressidens Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [9]brevicornu (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)comprimatum (Plate, 1908)infimus Scarabino, 1995kikuchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1952)ophiodon (Dall, 1881)platyceras (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)pressum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)stearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)wellsiana (Kraeuter, 1972)Compressidentalium Habe, 1963 [10]ceciliae Scarabino, 1995clathratum (von Martens, 1881)compressiusculum (Boissevain, 1906)hungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)lardum (Barnard, 1963)sedecimcostatum (Boissevain, 1906)sibogae (Boissevain, 1906)subcurvatum (E. A. Smith, 1906)sumatrense (Plate, 1908)zanzibarense (Plate, 1908)Costentalina Chistikov, 1982 [7]caymanica Chistikov, 1982ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)713

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.elegans Chistikov, 1982indica Chistikov, 1982leptoconcha Chistikov, 1982pacifica Chistikov, 1982tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982vemae Scarabino, 1986Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758 [68]aciculum Gould, 1859adenense Ludbrook, 1954agassizi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897aprinum Linnaeus, 1767austini Lamprell & Healy, 1998bisexangulatum Sowerby, 1860buccinulum Gould, 1859burtonae Lamprell & Healy, 1998caledonicum Scarabino, 1995cheverti Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897clavus Cooke, 1885collinsae Lamprell & Healy, 1998congoensis Plate, 1908cookei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897crosnieri Scarabino, 1995curtum Sowerby, 1860dacostianum Chenu, 1843decemcostatum Brazier, 1877deforgesi Scarabino, 1995elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758eupatrides Melvill & Standen, 1907exmouthensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998filosum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830garrardi Lamprell & Healy, 1998goftoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998gouldii Dall, 1889grahami Lamprell & Healy, 1998healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004hedleyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998hillae Lamprell & Healy, 1998hyperhemileuron Verco, 1911invalidum Emerson, 1954javanum Sowerby, 1860jeanae Lamprell & Healy, 1998jelli Lamprell & Healy, 1998katchekense Fischer-Piette & Nicklès, 1946kathwayae Lamprell & Healy, 1998kessneri Lamprell & Healy, 1998laqueatum Verrill, 1885lessoni Deshayes, 1825letsonae Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897leucoryx Boissevain, 1906lochi Lamprell & Healy, 1998majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune &Mabille, 1889mannarense Winckworth, 1927mediopacificensis Rehder & Ladd, 1973michelottii Hörnes, 1856neohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897obscurum Dall, 1889obtusum Qi & Ma, 1989octangulatum Donovan, 1803oerstedii Mörch, 1861oryx Boissevain, 1906peitaihoensis King & Ping, 1935pluricostatum Boissevain, 1906potteri Lamprell & Healy, 1998reevei Fischer, 1871regulare E. A. Smith, 1903robustum Brazier, 1877rowei Lamprell & Healy, 1998scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004strigatum Gould, 1859stumkatae Lamprell & Healy, 1998tomlini Melvill, 1918vallicolens Raymond, 1904variabile Deshayes, 1825wellsi Lamprell & Healy, 1998woolacottae Colman, 1958Dischides Jeffreys, 1867 [13]atlantideus (Nicklès, 1955)belcheri Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898dartevellei (Nicklès, 1979)dichelus (Watson, 1879)hintoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998leloeuffi (Nicklès, 1979)minutus (H. Adams, 1872)ovalis (Boissevain, 1906)politus (S. Wood, 1842)prionotus (Watson, 1879)splendens Raines, 2002viperidens (Melvill & Standen, 1896)yateensis Scarabino, 1995Entalina Monterosato, 1872 [7]adenensis Ludbrook, 1954dorsicostata Lamprell & Healy, 1998inaequisculpta Ludbrook, 1954mirifica (E. A. Smith, 1895)platamodes (Watson, 1879)subterlineata (Tomlin, 1931)tetragona (Brocchi, 1814)Entalinopsis Habe, 1957 [4]habutae (Kuraoda & Kikuchi, 1933)intercostata (Boissevain, 1906)micra Scarabino, 1995stellata Scarabino, 1995Epirhabdoides Steiner, 1999 [1]ivanovi Steiner, 1999Episiphon Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [17]bordaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938)candelatum (Kira, 1959)didymum (Watson, 1879)filum (Sowerby, 1860)fistula (Sowerby, 1860)gazellae (Plate, 1908)714ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)innumerabile (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998kiaochowwanense (Tchang & Tsi, 1950)longum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)pichoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998sominium (Okutani, 1964)sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834)subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871)truncatum (Boissevain, 1906)virginieae Scarabino, 1995virgula (Hedley, 1903)Eudentalium Cotton & Godfrey, 1933 [1]quadricostatum (Brazier, 1877)Fissidentalium Fischer, 1885 [41]actiniophorum Shimek, 1997aegeum (Watson, 1879)amphialum (Watson, 1879)candidum (Jeffreys, 1877)capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877)carduus (Dall, 1889)ceras (Watson, 1879)complexum (Dall, 1895)concinnum (von Martens, 1878)cornubovis (E. A. Smith, 1906)edenensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998erosum Shimek & Moreno, 1996eualdes (Barnard, 1963)exasperatum (Sowerby, 1903)franklinae Lamprell & Healy, 1998horikoshii Okutani, 1982kawamurai Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961laterischismum Shikama & Habe, 1963levii Scarabino, 1995magnificum (E. A. Smith, 1896)malayanum (Boissevain, 1906)megathyris (Dall, 1890)metivieri Scarabino, 1995opacum (Sowerby, 1829)paucicostatum (Watson, 1879)peruvianum (Dall, 1908) n. comb.platypleurum (Tomlin, 1931)ponderi Lamprell & Healy, 1998profundorum (E. A. Smith, 1894)salpinx (Tomlin, 1931)semivestitum (Locard, 1897)serrulatum (E. A. Smith, 1906)shirleyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894)tenuicostatum Qi & Ma, 1989verconis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938)vicdani Kosuge, 1981waterhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998yokoyamai (Makiyama, 1931)zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860)Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868 [11]caesura (Colman, 1958)crosnieri Nicklès, 1979engischista (Barnard, 1963)gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910)langfordi (Habe, 1963)liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922)polita (Linnaeus, 1767)rubescens (Deshayes, 1825)stenoschiza (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)vagina Scarabino, 1995Gadila Gray, 1847 [63]aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887)abruptoinflata (Boissevain, 1906)acuminata (Tate, 1887)acus (Dall, 1889)aequalis (Dall, 1881)agassizii (Dall, 1881)amianta (Dall, 1889)anguidens (Melvill & Standen, 1898)angustior (Verco, 1911)arctus (Henderson, 1920)austinclarki (Emerson, 1951)boissevainae (Jaeckel, 1932)bordaensis (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940)boucheti (Nicklès, 1979)braziliensis (Henderson, 1920)brycei Lamprell & Healy, 1998bushii (Dall, 1889)carlessi Lamprell & Healy, 1998clavata (Gould, 1859)cobbi Lamprell & Healy, 1998desaintlaurentae Scarabino, 1995divae (Vélain, 1877)dominguense (d’Orbigny, 1853)doumenci Scarabino, 1995elenae Scarabino, 1995elephas (Henderson, 1920)fraseri Nicklès, 1955gadus (Montagu, 1803)greenlawi (Henderson, 1920)honoluluensis (Watson, 1879)iota (Henderson, 1920)ludbrookae (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940)marchadi (Nicklès, 1979)mayori (Henderson, 1920)minutalis Scarabino, 1995monodonta Scarabino, 1995nicklesi (Dell, 1964)opportuna Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961pandionis (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880)perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832)peruviana (Dall, 1908)platystoma (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)providensis (Henderson, 1920)pseudolivae (Boissevain, 1906)rastridens (Watson, 1879)regularis (Henderson, 1920)sagamiensis Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)715

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.sauridens (Watson, 1879)senegalensis (Locard, 1897)singaporensis (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)spreta (Tate & May, 1900)strangulata (Locard, 1897)striata (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)subcolubridens (Ludbrook, 1954)subtilis (Plate, 1908)subula (Henderson, 1920)tolmiei (Dall, 1897)verrilli (Henderson, 1920)virginalis (Boissevain, 1906)vulpidens (Watson, 1879)watsoni (Dall, 1881)whitneyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998zonata (Boissevain, 1906)Gadilina Foresti, 1895 [2]insolita (E. A. Smith, 1894)pachypleura (Boissevain, 1906)Graptacme Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [16]acutissima (Watson, 1879)acutistriata Steiner & Kabat, 2004africana (Sowerby, 1903)calamus (Dall, 1889)eborea (Conrad, 1846)elpis (Winckworth, 1927)inversa (Deshayes, 1825)lactea (Deshayes, 1825)marchadi (Nicklès, 1979)nielseni Lamprell & Healy, 1998novaehollandiae (Chenu, 1843)perlonga (Dall, 1881)secta (Deshayes, 1825)semistriata (Turton, 1819)splendida (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832)takakoae Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999Heteroschismoides Ludbrook, 1960 [1]subterfissus (Jeffreys, 1877)Laevidentalium Cossmann, 1888 [18]ambiguum (Chenu, 1843)arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998banale (Boissevain, 1906)bisinuatum (André, 1896)coruscum (Pilsbry, 1905)eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767)ensiforme (Chenu, 1842)erectum (Sowerby, 1860)gofasi Scarabino, 1995houbricki Scarabino, 1995jaffaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938)largicrescens (Tate, 1899)lebruni (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune &Mabille, 1889)leptosceles (Watson, 1879)lubricatum (Sowerby, 1860)marshae Lamprell & Healy, 1998martyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998zeidleri Lamprell & Healy, 1998Megaentalina Habe, 1963 [2]cornucopiae (Boissevain, 1906)mediocarinata (Boissevain, 1906)Omniglypta Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1953 [1]cerina (Pilsbry, 1905)Paradentalium Cotton & Godfrey, 1933 [14]americanum (Chenu, 1843) n. comb.angustistriatum Chistikov, 1979flindersi (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938)francisense (Verco, 1911)gradile Chistikov, 1979hemileuron (Verco, 1911)hexagonum (Gould, 1859)intercalatum (Gould, 1859)katowense (Brazier, 1877)natalense (Barnard, 1963)octopleuron (Verco, 1911)pistis (Winckworth, 1940)pseudosexagonum (Deshayes, 1825)rudoi Scarabino, 1995Pertusiconcha Chistikov, 1982 [2]callithrix (Dall, 1889)tridentata Chistikov, 1982Pictodentalium Habe, 1963 [3]festivum (Sowerby, 1914)formosum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)vernedei (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860)Plagioglypta Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [1]pertracheata (Plate, 1908)Polyschides Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [25]andersoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998arnaudi Scarabino, 1995carolinensis (Bush in Verrill, 1885)cuspidatus (Nicklès, 1979)elongatus (Henderson, 1920)fausta Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971foweyensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb.gibbosus (Verco, 1911)grandis (Verrill, 1884)kaiyomaruae Okutani, 1975miamiensis (Henderson, 1920)nedallisoni (Emerson, 1978)nitidus (Henderson, 1920) n. comb.olivi (Scacchi, 1835)pelamidae Chistikov, 1979poculum (Dall, 1889) n. comb.portoricensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb.quadrifissatus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)716ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961)spectabilis (Verrill, 1885)sutherlandi Lamprell & Healy, 1998tetraschistus (Watson, 1879)tetrodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)vietnamicus Chistikov, 1979Pulsellum Stoliczka, 1868 [15]affine (M. Sars, 1865)beecheyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998bushi (Henderson, 1920)eboracense (Watson, 1879)falklandicum (Dell, 1964)fragile Scarabino, 1995hige Habe, 1963kurogenge Habe & Kosuge, 1964lofotense (M. Sars, 1865)occidentale (Henderson, 1920)pusillum (Watson, 1879)salishorum Marshall, 1980teres (Jeffreys, 1883)thomassini Scarabino, 1995verrilli (Henderson, 1920)Rhabdus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [5]aequatorius (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897)perceptus (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune &Mabille, 1889)rectius (Carpenter, 1864)toyamaense (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933)Rhomboxiphus Chistikov, 1983 [2]colmani (Palmer, 1974)tricarinatus (Boissevain, 1906)Sagamicadulus Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963 [1]elegantissimus Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963Schizodentalium Sowerby, 1894 [1]plurifissuratum Sowerby, 1894Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1859 [16]australasiae Boissevain, 1906booceras (Tomlin, 1926)colubridens (Watson, 1879)dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)hexaschistum (Boissevain, 1906)isaotakii Habe, 1953jaeckeli Scarabino, 1995japonicum Habe, 1960laubieri Bouchet & Warén, 1979lobatum (Sowerby, 1860)longilobatum (Boissevain, 1906)magnum (Boissevain, 1906)okudai Habe, 1953promontorii (Barnard, 1963)summa (Okutani, 1964)tytthum Watson, 1879Solenoxiphus Chistikov, 1983 [1]striatulus Chistikov, 1983Spadentalina Habe, 1963: 264 [2]ingrata Scarabino, 1995tubiformis (Boissevain, 1906)Striocadulus Emerson, 1962 [4]albicomatus (Dall, 1890)ludbrookae Scarabino, 1995pulcherrimus (Boissevain, 1906)sagei Scarabino, 1995Striodentalium Habe, 1964 [8]chinensis Qi & Ma, 1989concretum (Colman, 1958)hosoi (Habe, 1963)kanakorum Scarabino, 1995polycostatum Qi & Ma, 1989rhabdotum (Pilsbry, 1905)thetidis (Hedley, 1903)tosaensis (Habe, 1963)Striopulsellum Scarabino, 1995 [3]galatheae (Knudsen, 1964)minimum (Plate, 1908)striatinum (Henderson, 1920)Tesseracme Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [7]dispar (Sowerby, 1860)hancocki (Emerson, 1956)philcolmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998quadrangularis (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby,1832)quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860)tesseragona (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832)tetrapleura (Boissevain, 1906)Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986 [4]duartei Scarabino, 1986indica Scarabino, 1995knudseni Scarabino, 1995turnerae Scarabino, 1986ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)717

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.APPENDIX 4Geological catalog of fossil species.The fossil species that are currently treated as valid– i.e. neither junior synonyms nor juniorhomonyms – are indexed by geological period(Paleozoic and Mesozoic) and epoch (Cenozoic).However, it must be emphasized that some of thisinformation is based on the older literature, whichmay have been based on erroneous or outdatedstratigraphic determinations. A question mark (“?”)before a species name indicates a doubtful placement;at the end are those elusive species describedonly as “fossil” but without further stratigraphicdetails. Many of the Pleistocene and some of thePliocene species are also known from the Recent, asindicated in the main catalog. Generic placementsare as in the original description, except for thoserelatively few fossil species that were subsequentlytransferred to other genera. The sequence of geologicaleras, periods, and epochs, and the assignmentsof stages and other subdivisions to epochs, istaken from Harland et al. (1990).It must be emphasized that the majority of fossilspecies listed herein have not been analyzed in anysubstantive manner since the time of Pilsbry &Sharp (1897-1898). Hence, their inclusion in thisAppendix is merely a compilation of nomenclaturallyavailable names arranged by stratigraphictime periods. Thus, the numbers of species namesfor each time period should not be taken as anactual measure of paleontological diversity, whichwill require a modern determination of the phylogeneticvalidity of each described species.PALEOZOICCambrianNoneOrdovicianiowaensis, Plagioglypta (James, 1890)kentuckyensis, Rhytiodentalium Pojeta & Runnegar,1979Siluriangranosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857notabile, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857Devonianapplanatum, Dentalium Torley, 1908crox, Dentalium Keyserling, 1847ibergense, Dentalium Römer, 1855patriciae, Laevidentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992?saturni, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1836?tenuissimum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1876Carboniferousacumen, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883)acutisulcatum, Dentalium Gurley, 1883annuliferum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898annulostriatum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1871barquense, Dentalium Winchell, 1862batheri, Dentalium Finlay, 1927chubutensis, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Sabattini,1979cornu, Dentalium de Koninck, 1877cyrtoceratoides, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883)dentaloideum, Dentalium (Phillips, 1836)grandaevum, Dentalium Winchell, 1863herculea, Plagioglypta (de Koninck, 1863)illinoiensis, Dentalium Worthen, 1883ingens, Plagioglypta (de Koninck, 1843)kansasense, Dentalium (Paleodentalium) Gentile,1974longistriatum, Fissidentalium “?” Yoo, 1988meekiana, Plagioglypta (Geinitz, 1866)mexicanum, Dentalium Girty, 1909missouriense, Dentalium Swallow, 1863navicanum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851novaresei, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) de Stefani, 1917numerosa, Plagioglypta Yoo, 1988obsoletum, Prodentalium (Hall, 1858)ornatum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843orthoceras, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898perarmatum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851primarium, Dentalium Hall, 1858priscum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841prosseri, Plagioglypta Morningstar, 1922protuberans, Pipadentalium Yoo, 1988raymondi, Prodentalium Young, 1942rectiusculum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857runnegari, Scissuradentalium Yoo, 1988semicostatum, Prodentalium (Girty, 1911)subannulata, Plagioglypta Easton, 1962subcanaliculatum, Dentalium Sandberger &Sandberger, 1856taeniolatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger,1856venustum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1861verrucosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857walciodorense, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883)718ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)Permianakasakensis, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925arcturus, Calstevenus Yancey, 1973canna, Prodentalium (White, 1874)furcata, Plagioglypta “?” Waterhouse, 1980girtyi, Plagioglypta Knight, 1940komiensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967lanceolata, Theca Morris, 1845neornatum, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925robusta, Plagioglypta Detre, 1993sorbii, Dentalium King, 1850sueroi, Calstevenus Sabattini, 1979wymensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967“Paleozoic” (period not specified)arenarium, Dentalium Römer, 1855granvillensis, Dentalium Herrick, 1888 (“Subcarboniferous”)striatus, Prodentalium (Romanovskii, 1890)MESOZOICTriassicangelae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992anisicum, Dentalium Schnetzer, 1934arctoides, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934arctum, Dentalium Pichler, 1857bangtoupoensis, Laevidentalium Stiller, 2001boreale, Dentalium Böhm, 1904cannaliculatum, Dentalium Klipstein, 1843castellacei, Dentalium Scalia, 1914cyrtoceroides, Dentalium Broili, 1907decoratum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841exile, Dentalium Tommasi, 1901gallensteini, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934guizhouensis, Plagioglypta Stiller, 2001herritschi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934kahleri, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934kittli, Dentalium Cossmann, 1900klipsteini, Dentalium Kittl, 1891laevis, Entalis (Schlotheim, 1820)?lombardicum, Dentalium Kittl, 1899multiclathratum, Dentalium Martelli, 1905pentagonale, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898qingyanicum, Prodentalium Stiller, 2001quadrangulum, Dentalium Assmann, 1937readi, Dentalium Emerson, 1954regium, Dentalium Assmann, 1937schafferi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934simile, Dentalium Wissmann, 1841spitiense, Dentalium Gümbel, 1866subregulare, Dentalium Palmer, 1974torquata, Entalis (Schlotheim, 1820)undulatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841Jurassicamalthei, Laevidentalium (Engel, 1891)andleri, Dentalium Oppel, 1856angulatum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison, 1845bandeli, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992boonei, Dentalium Cossmann, 1924calvertensis, Prodentalium Palmer, 1975cinctum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841corallinum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850dehmi, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935etalense, Laevidentalium (Terquem & Piette, 1865)filicauda, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852glabellum, Dentalium Blake, 1907gladiolus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1846hexagonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906jaegeri, Suevidontis Engeser, Riedel & Bandel, 1993liassicum, Prodentalium (Moore, 1866)limatuloides, Baltodentalium (Kuhn, 1935)limatulum, Baltodentalium (Tate, 1870)minimum, Laevidentalium (Buckman in Murchison,1845)moreanum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1845normanianum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850nudum, Dentalium Zekeli, 1852oblongum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906oolithicum, Dentalium Piette, 1856opalina, Dentalium filicauda var. Quenstedt, 1856ovale, Dentalium “Malm.” Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898parkinsoni, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852pellati, Laevidentalium (Loriol in Loriol & Pellat,1874)portlocki, Dentalium Tate, 1870quenstedti, Dentalium Blake, 1875richardsoni, Laevidentalium (Cossmann, 1907)rigauxi, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Fischer & Vadet,1985sabrinae, Dentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992soliticum, Dentalium Piette, 1855spaethi, Progadilina Engeser & Riedel, 1992subovata, Progadilina (Richardson, 1906)subparvulum, Laevidentalium (Emerson, 1954)subquadratum, Dentalium Meek, 1860subtrigonalis, Progadilina (Richardson, 1906)tenue, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841tenuistriata, Cyrtoconella Patrulius, 1996terquemi, Dentalium Richardson, 1906triedra, Serpula Quenstedt, 1856trigonalis, Progadilina “?” (Moore, 1866)weitschati, Baltodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992Cretaceousalatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878alineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952angulare, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897aquensis, Cadulus (Holzapfel, 1888)arcotinum, Dentalium Forbes, 1846barremicum, Dentalium Cossmann, 1916binkhorsti, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898californicum, Dentalium Stanton, 1895cazadorianum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1907chilense, Dentalium d’Orbigny in Grange, 1847ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)719

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.cidaris, Dentalium Geinitz, 1850coelatulum, Dentalium Baily in Salter, 1857confusum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898coonensis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1941cooperi, Dentalium Gabb, 1864crassulum, Dentalium Stoliczka, 1868cretaceum, Dentalium Conrad, 1852cretaustralium, Laevidentalium Stilwell, 1999curva, Entalina (Gardner, 1878)decemcostatum, Dentalium Quaas, 1902decussatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814dilatatum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887divisiense, Dentalium Gardner, 1878duodecimplicatum, Dentalium Repelin, 1907elongatum, Laevidentalium (Goldfuss, 1841)ezoense, Dentalium cooperi var. Nagao, 1938fragilis, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1856frontierensis, Cadulus Sidwell, 1932gardneri, Entalina Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898gardneri, Fustiaria (Holzapfel, 1888)gaultinus, Cadulus Gardner, 1878geinitzi, Dentalium (Böhm, 1885)geinitzianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851glabratum, Antale Stoliczka, 1868gracilis, Dentalium Hall & Meek, 1855grandis, Eodentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985groenlandicum, Dentalium Ravn, 1918groenlandicus, Cadulus Ravn, 1918gucuoensis, Dentalium Yao, 1990hexapleuron, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897infortunatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898jeffreysi, Dentalium Gardner, 1878kubraense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974lamberti, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897laticostatum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844leve, Dentalium Stephenson, 1923limatum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Stanton, 1901lineatum, Dentalium Gueranger, 1853major, Dentalium Gardner, 1877medium, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814meyeri, Entalis Gardner, 1878michauxianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851minorinum, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.morganianum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Wilckens,1922muellerianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898multicanaliculatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861multicostatum, Dentalium Favre, 1869navarroi, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941niceforoi, Dentalium Royo y Gomez, 1945nodulosus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820nutans, Cadulus Böhm, 1891obrutus, Cadulus (Conrad, 1870)octevillense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899otatumei, Dentalium Nagao, 1938ovosectum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898parvula, Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868patulum, Dentalium Potiez & Michaud, 1838paulini, Dentalium Maury, 1925pauperculum, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1860planicostatum, Dentalium Hébert, 1855polygonum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844praetenuis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1952rhodani, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849rothomagense, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850ripleyanum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860rugosum, Dentalium Dunker, 1849sacheri, Dentalium Alth, 1850schlosseri, Dentalium Traub, 1938sougraignense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1904stramineum, Dentalium Gabb, 1864subarcuatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1853subcylindricum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887sublineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952subplanum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898tenuicostatum, Dentalium Böhm, 1891turoniense, Dentalium Woods, 1896uchauxiense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897valangiense, Dentalium Pictet & Campiche, 1864vaningeni, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.vaughani, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941wadei, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927wanneri, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.whiteavesi, Dentalium (Entalis) Anderson & Hanna,1935wilckensi, Laevidentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985wollumbillaensis, Dentalium Etheridge in Jack &Etheridge, 1892“Mesozoic” (period not specified)?elephantinus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820subquadrangulare, Dentalium Emerson, 1954CENOZOICPaleogene [Paleocene to Oligocene, epoch notspecified]pagellai, Dentalium Negri, 1934Paleoceneashiyaensis, Dentalium Nagao, 1928ewekoroense, Dentalium (Antalis) Adegoke, 1977golovtschenki, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970guineense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke,1977infraeocaenicanum, Compressidens (Cossmann, 1907)intumescens, Cadulus (Koenen, 1885)laguncula, Gadila Darragh, 1997laticornuata, Compressidens Darragh, 1997lusanensis, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970mauryae, Dentalium Penna-Neme & da Costa BarrosMuniz, 1976720ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)montense, Fustiaria (Briart & Cornet, 1889) [asD. inversum Cossmann, 1915 non Deshayes]multistricta, Antalis (Finlay & Marwick, 1937)nigeriense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke, 1977rarinodosum, Dentalium haeringense var. Báldi,Hovarth & Makk, 1974rugiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885seriaeforme, Siphonodentalium Ravn, 1939subgracile, Dentalium Emerson, 1954sundkrogensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Schnetler, 2001undiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885Eoceneabsconditum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861acicula, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Hodgkinson, 1974acre, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898acuticostata, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825aequale, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861aldrichi, Cadulus Gardner, 1933anceps, Dentalium J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837andrewsi, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933angustum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861annulopunctatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann &Pissarro, 1902apicostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Vokes, 1939arabicum, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933archiaci, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873arciformis, Dentalium Conrad, 1846armoricense, Siphonodentalium Cossmann, 1902arnoensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992atavus, Cadulus (Gadila) Finlay & Marwick, 1937bellulus, Cadulus Clark, 1895bilabiatus, Dischides (Deshayes, 1861)bironense, Dentalium Douvillé, 1929bisissura, Cadulus “(?)” Garvie, 1996bitubatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886blandum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890boggsi, Dentalium Berry, 1926bouryi, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann, 1888brazosensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974breve, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861brevis, Dischides (Deshayes, 1861)brongniarti, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861calafium, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Vokes, 1939castellanensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850centenniale, Dentalium Marwick, 1942circinatum, Fustiaria (G. B. Sowerby, 1823)claibornense, Dentalium (Antalis) thalloides var. Palmer,1937coislinense, Dentalium (Entalis) Cossmann, 1902constricta, Antalis (Newton & Harris, 1894)corpulentus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886curvus, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974danai, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) (Meyer, 1885)danvillense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947defrancii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861depressus, Cadulus Meyer, 1884dilatatum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888dolichus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1973dumasi, Fustiaria “(?)” Cossmann, 1919duplex, Lobantale (Defrance, 1819)emersoni, Coccodentalium Squires, 1988emersoni, Entalina Maxwell, 1992erleneae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974eugenii, Dentalium Dall, 1892gabbi, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898ganense, Laevidentalium Cossmann in O’Gorman &Cossmann, 1923gnizum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890gracilicostatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Singleton,1943gracilis, Episiphon Garvie, 1996grande, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825grossheimi, Dentalium Merklin, 1961hannonicum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889ignotum, Dentalium Korobkov, 1955incisissimum, Dentalium Meyer & Aldrich, 1886inopinatum, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1887jacksonense, Dentalium (Antalis) mississippiense var.Palmer, 1947jacksonensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885juvenis, Cadulus Meyer, 1886kahirahense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1901kapuaensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992korobkovi, Cadulus (Gadila) Merklin, 1961landinense, Dentalium Vincent, 1876leoniae, Dentalium Meunier, 1878leroyi, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Hodgkinson, 1974lighti, Dentalium (Laevidentalium “?”) Vokes, 1939lucidum, Pseudantalis (Deshayes, 1861)magnum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889magnus, Gadus Mayer-Eymar, 1887mancorens, Dentalium Olsson, 1930mantelli, Dentalium Zittel, 1864maoria, Fustiaria Maxwell, 1992margarita, Cadulus (Polyschides) Palmer, 1947marthae, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902masoni, Gadilina Maxwell, 1992mcfarlandae, Cadulus (Cadulus) Emerson, 1957mediaviense, Dentalium Harris, 1896meganosensis, Cadulus Palmer, 1923meyeri, Polyschides (Cossmann, 1888)michelinii, Dentalium Rouault, 1850microstria, Dentalium Heilprin, 1881minutiannulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Hodgkinson,1974minutistriatum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860molengraaffi, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915montense, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889moseleyensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974multannulatum, Dentalium Aldrich, 1895nanggulanense, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915neglectum, Dischides (Cossmann, 1888)newtonensis, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886nitens, Fustiaria (J. Sowerby, 1814)nitidum, Laevidentalium (Deshayes, 1861)ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)721

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.orthezense, Dentalium Tournouër, 1873ouachitensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Palmer, 1937palmerae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974palmerae, Dentalium (Antalis) Garvie, 1996parannulatum, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004n. nom.parisiensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850pellucens, Fustiaria (Deshayes, 1861)perinii, Dentalium Malaroda, 1951phoenicea, Cadulus Gardner, 1933potiezi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994pseudocircinata, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968pseudohungaricus, Cadulus (Gadila) Szöts, 1953pseudorakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames,1952pukaea, Fissidentalium Maxwell, 1992quadriturritus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886rakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames, 1952rei, Fissidentalium “?” Maxwell, 1992reticulatum, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873samanicum, Dentalium Berry, 1926?sandbergeri, Dentalium Bosquet, 1859seminudum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861soriense, Dentalium Eames, 1952speciosum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861stentor, Dentalium Anderson & Hanna, 1925stonecityensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974striatulinum, Antale “?” Cossmann in O’Gorman &Cossmann, 1923subcoarcuatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) (Gabb, 1860)subcompressa, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) (Meyer,1885)subeburneum, Fustiaria (d’Orbigny, 1850)subfissura, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) (Tate, 1887)substriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825sylvaerupis, Serpulorbis Harris, 1899tatei, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898tenuicincta, Plagioglypta (Gougerot, 1968)tenuis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873tenuistriatum, Dentalium Rouault, 1850thalloides, Dentalium Conrad, 1833turgidus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886turritum, Dentalium Lea, 1833vacavillensis, Dentalium Palmer, 1923vincense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947vredenburgi, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909xiphias, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898yasilum, Dentalium Olsson, 1930zingulai, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974Oligoceneabruptus, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886acuta, Antalis (Hébert, 1849)aequicostatum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892alazanum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Cooke, 1928asphaltodes, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943boussaci, Dentalium Emerson, 1954callioglyptum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898cartagenense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917caseyi, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.casselensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989chipolanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947clarae, Cadulus Maury, 1910colobus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898cossmannianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898cucumis, Cadulus Koenen, 1892cylindricus, Cadulus R. Janssen, 1989dejtarense, Dentalium densitextum var. Báldi, 1973dekagonum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892densitexta, Dentalium haeringense var. Noszky, 1940depressicollis, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898diopon, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947duodecimcostatum, Dentalium d’Archiac, 1850durhami, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1957elegantissimus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898exiguum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892fritschi, Dentalium Koenen, 1892gabbi, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898geinitzi, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Koenen, 1892geminatum, Antalis (Goldfuss, 1841)heptagonum, Dentalium Boettger, 1882infraoligocaenicum, Compressidens Welle, 1997insuranum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954kickxii, Antalis (Nyst, 1843)ladinum, Dentalium Dall, 1916laneensis, Dentalium (“?” Fissidentalium) Hickman,1969mayeri, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861menthifonta, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Dockery in MacNeil& Dockery, 1984microreticulata, Antalis “?” Welle, 1997minor, Cadulus gracilina var. Báldi, Hovarth & Makk,1974mississippiensis, Dentalium Conrad, 1848nicense, Dentalium Bellardi, 1852novaki, Dentalium Koenen, 1892novemcinctum, Dentalium “?” Sacco, 1897nunomae, Dentalium Takeda, 1953obliquatus, Cadulus Koenen, 1892oligocenica, Gadila Vergneau-Saubade, 1968opaculum, Dentalium Casey, 1903ottoi, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1897ovale, Dentalium Cooke, 1928parallelus, Rhabdus (Zinndorf, 1928)parianus, Cadulus Guppy in Guppy & Dall, 1896perfragile, Dentalium (Pulsellum)Koenen, 1892phenax, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898pictile, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899polypleurum, Dentalium Seifert, 1959praecursor, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898proterum, Dentalium (Dentalium) armillatumWoodring, 1973pseudacutum, Fissidentalium novaki R. Janssen, 1989722ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)pseudellipticum, Laevidentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004n. nom.pseudofissura, Dentalium (Antalis) R. Janssen, 1978pyrum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898radiolineata, Dentalium Clark, 1918rhenanus, Dentalium R. Janssen, 1978rupeliensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989sagittarii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917santarosanum, Dentalium Maury, 1910sobrantensis, Dentalium radiolineata var. Clark, 1918solidissimum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917spiniformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Gardner, 1947strenuum, Dentalium Casey, 1903sulcatulum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892tenuicinctum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892tenuisulcatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hölzl, 1962trautscholdi, Dentalium Koenen, 1868tryoni, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898varicostata, Dentalium Dockery in MacNeil &Dockery, 1984vicksburgensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885vinassai, Dentalium Cossmann, 1912volvulus, Cadulus (Gadila?) Gardner, 1947waisiuense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943watanabei, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Kanno, 1958waynensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1940weinheimensis, Antalis R. Janssen, 1989yotsukurensis, Dentalium Hirayama, 1955zephyrinum, Dentalium Casey, 1903Neogene [Miocene to Pleistocene, unspecified]bifrons, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887tigillum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1931Mioceneacriculum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) (Tate, 1887)addicotti, Cadulus (Platyschides “?”) Emerson, 1957angsananum, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1921angusticostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972annectens, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925annulatus, Polyschides (Pilsbry, 1911)anomalocostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata “?”var. Sacco, 1897anomalum, Dentalium (Entalina) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917aratum, Dentalium Tate, 1887armillatum, Dentalium Toula, 1911arrosus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925atava, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco,1897attenuatum, Dentalium Say, 1824aturensis, Pseudantalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917australe, Laevidentalium (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898)badense, Fissidentalium (Hörnes, 1856)bakoniense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974basteroti, Entalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917benoisti, Gadila Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917blountense, Cadulus Mansfield, 1935bocasensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1922boettgeri, Dentalium Noetling, 1901borealis, Dentalium (Entalis) badense var. Kautsky, 1925borelliana, Gadilina Pavia, 1991bothrum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Woodring, 1973bruneti, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.burdigalinum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864burnsii, Cadulus floridanus var. Dall, 1892caduloide, Dentalium Dall, 1892carolinense, Dentalium Conrad, 1862caronensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1925catulloi, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1896conradi, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Harbison, 1933costatior, Dentalium (Entalis) miopseudoentalis “?” var.Sacco, 1897costulatior, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var.Sacco, 1897costulatior, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897davasense, Dentalium (Entalis) Oppenheim, 1919decemcostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var.Sacco, 1897degrangei, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917degrangei, Gadila (Loxoporus) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917densmuris, Dentalium Mayer, 1858dentalina, Gadilopsis (Guppy, 1873)denticulustigris, Cadulus Maury, 1917depressum, Laevidentalium Pavia, 1991dertornensis, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897dijki, Dentalium Martin, 1885dingdenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Goddeeris, 1977dissimilis, Tesseracme (Guppy, 1866)divulgatum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jung, 1969dodecacostatum, Antalis Brunet, 1995dollfusi, Dentalium Koenen, 1883dujardini, Dentalium (Antale) Peyrot, 1938dumasi, Dentalium Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917elassum, Dentalium (Episiphon) innumerabile Woodring,1973elaticosta, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897epetrion, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1973exdispar, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) rubescens var. Sacco,1897exlamarcki, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897feruglioi, Laevidentalium Brunet, 1995fibula, Gadila Boettger, 1907flechensis, Antalis Brunet, 1995floratum, Fissidentalium (Zimmermann, 1847)floridanus, Cadulus Dall, 1892fodinense, Laevidentalium (s.l.) Maxwell, 1988glaucoterrarum, Dentalium Maury, 1917gracilina, Cadulus (Gadila) Sacco, 1897gracillima, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var.Sacco, 1897granadanum, Dentalium Anderson, 1929granosa, Entalis Martin, 1885ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)723

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.helveticum, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.” Cossmann& Peyrot, 1917helveticum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides “?”)Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917hemigymnum, Dentalium (Antale) degrangei var.Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917houthalenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) benoisti var.Goddeeris, 1977hurupiensis, Cadulus Dell, 1952iheringi, Dentalium Brunet, 1995ihungia, Dentalium Marwick, 1931inaequicostata, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879infans, Cadulus (Gadila) Tate, 1899infundibulum, Pulsellum Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917interbinarium, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.”Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917interrupta, Antalis (Gmelin, 1791)intertrinarium, Dentalium sexangulum var. Cossmann& Peyrot, 1917irregularis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873ixhuatlanensis, Dentalium Alencaster-Ibarra, 1950jani, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856jonkeri, Dentalium Martin, 1885junghuhni, Dentalium Martin, 1880karreri, Dentalium R. Hörnes, 1875korytnicense, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972leonense, Dentalium (Dentalium “?”) disparileMansfield, 1930ligeriense, Dentalium Peyrot, 1938macilentum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911magnumcostatum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995mawsoni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook, 1956minoensis, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Itoigawa,1960miocaenicum, Pulsellum Boettger, 1902miocenicum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847miopseudoentalis, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897misatoensis, Dentalium Araki, 1958mucronatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887mutabile, Fissidentalium (Hörnes, 1856)noetlingi, Dentalium Martin, 1915octogonalis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var.Sacco, 1897ornatus, Cadulus (Dischides) Baluk, 1972ortus, Fissidentalium Palmer, 1974otamaringaensis, Dentalium Marwick, 1926pardelensis, Dentalium Brunet, 1995pareorensis, Antalis (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)parvulina, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897parvum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864passerinianum, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874patagonicum, Dischides Brunet, 1995paucicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897paucistriata, Pulsellum (Entalina) tetragona var. Sacco,1897perigonicum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864perlaevis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897perplexa, Gadila Boettger, 1907perrilliatae, Tesseracme Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.perseveratum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995petricola, Rhabdus (Dall, 1909)peyreirense, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot,1917?philippi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843pilsbryi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925planatum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831planicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897porterensis, Dentalium Weaver, 1912prismaticum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879?proliferum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843prosperus, Striocadulus (Marwick, 1931)prudens, Dentalium Brunet, 1995pseudobouei, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897pseudomutabile, Lentigodentalium R. Janssen, 1989pseudonyma, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898quadratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885radula, Coccodentalium (Gmelin, 1791)radularis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820raricostata, Dentalium (Antale) fossile var. Sacco, 1897raricostata, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var.Sacco, 1897rimosum, Dentalium Böse, 1906rotundatior, Dentalium inaequale var. Sacco, 1897rutteni, Dentalium Martin, 1917saccoi, Cadulus taurovulum Pavia, 1991saucatsense, Dentalium Benoist, 1873schencki, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Moore, 1963schumoi, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911sectiforme, Dentalium (Graptacme) Tate, 1899seguenzianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Moroni & Ruggieri,1980semarangense, Dentalium Altena, 1938seminuda, Dentalium (Antale) raricostatum “race”Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917septemcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatumvar. Sacco, 1897simplex, Laevidentalium (Michelotti, 1861)simplicior, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco,1897simrothi, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911sokkohense, Dentalium Martin, 1917solidum, Fissidentalium (Hutton, 1873)spiniforme, Dentalium Martin, 1885striatellulata, Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani var. Sacco,1897stromeri, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Oppenheim, 1906subgiganteum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852subjuvenis, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco,1897sublaevis, Dentalium dentalis var. Cocconi, 1874subpolitum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann &Peyrot, 1917subprismaticum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Baluk, 1972subserratum, Dentalium Palmer, 1974subsexangulare, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852724ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)superbus, Dentalium Brunet, 1995syltense, Fissidentalium floratum R. Janssen, 1989taurasperum, Fissidentalium (Sacco, 1897)taurocostata, Antalis (Sacco, 1897)taurogracilis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco,1897taurogracilis, Fustiaria (Sacco, 1897)taurominima, Cadulus (Loxoporus) Sacco, 1897taurostriata, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897taurotumidosus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897taurovulus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897tenue, Gadila Ozaki, 1956tenuis, Cadulus (Seguenza, 1879)thallus, Cadulus (Conrad, 1834)transiens, Dentalium michelotti var. Boettger, 1907transsilvanicum, Siphonodentalium Boettger, 1897trigonaloides, Gadilina Palmer, 1974tutongense, Dentalium (Dentalium) javanum Beets,1984twistringense, Fissidentalium R. Janssen, 1989uscarianum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1922ventricosa, Gadila (Bronn, 1828)vitreum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791waihoraense, Laevidentalium (Emerson, 1954)weinbrechti, Polyschides R. Janssen, 1989zecaninus, Gadila (Laws, 1939)Plioceneacuminatus, Gadila (Tate, 1887)acutangularis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi,1874adelaidense, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Ludbrook,1956arcticus, Siphonodentalium (Dall, 1920)astensis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco,1897astensis, Dentalium (Fustiaria) polita var. Sacco, 1897bruscasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964calabrum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851caloosaense, Dentalium Dall, 1892costae, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898?costaricense, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911costatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814costulatissima, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897crebrestriata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi, 1881crux, Dentalium (Antale) Boettger, 1907cyathus, Cadulus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832)decemcostulata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var.Sacco, 1897delli, Striocadulus (Marwick, 1965)delphinense, Dentalium Fontannes, 1880denotatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Ludbrook, 1956diploconus, Cadulus Seguenza, 1876dufresnii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825duodecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897?enneagonum, Dentalium Martin, 1885entaloides, Dentalium Fleming, 1825equisetum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1964esmeraldum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942exaratum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927gadula, Cadulus (Gadila) gadus var. Sacco, 1897gibba, Cadulus ovulum var. Seguenza, 1879gonatodes, Dentalium Martin, 1885guidottii, Dentalium Sacco, 1897?incisum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843intercosticillata, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897laevigatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830latesulcatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tate, 1899laticostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897leptodoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941linnei, Dentalium Foresti, 1895longifissum, Dentalium Harmer, 1923maculatellata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897magnocostata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897mayor, Siphondentalium (Gadila) gadus var. Foresti,1895nana, Antalis (Hutton, 1873)nipponicum, Siphonodentalium Makiyama, 1927noe, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897oleacinum, Dentalium agile var. Dall, 1892ozawai, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Yokoyama,1926paucicostulata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897peracuta, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897perstriolata, Dentalium (Antale) vulgare var. Sacco,1897playagrandensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964pleiocenum, Dentalium Tuomey & Holmes, 1856pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco,1897pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinataKoperberg, 1931politus, Dischides (S. Wood, 1842)polyedrum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879prisma, Dentalium Dall, 1892proteiforme, Dentalium Cossmann, 1910pseudaprina, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var.Sacco, 1897quadrangulatum, Dentalium Hu & Lee, 1991quatuordecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentalevar. Sacco, 1897quindeciesstriatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1853quitus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941rotundosimplex, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco,1897rotundulina, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897salicensis, Cadulus Seguenza, 1879sangiorgi, Antalis (Emerson, 1954)sexangulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791sexdecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var.Sacco, 1897striatissimum, Dentalium Razzore, 1896ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)725

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.striolatissima, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897subirregulare, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898subrecta, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874suzukii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1929tetragona, Entalina (Brocchi, 1814)tornatissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tate, 1899totomiensis, Dentalium (Antalis) Makiyama, 1931tredecimcostatum, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatumvar. Sacco, 1897triquetra, Gadilina (Brocchi, 1814)undecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var.Sacco, 1897venezuelana, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium “?”) Weisbord,1964viallii, Entalina Caprotti, 1962waccamawense, Dentalium (Antalis?) Gardner, 1948wangwaensis, Cadulus Nomura, 1935yatalensis, Cadulus (Dischides) Ludbrook, 1956Pleistocene and Quaternaryburicum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium)Olsson, 1942caprottii, Cadulus (Sulcogadila) Moroni & Ruggieri,1981expolita, Entalina Della Bella & Tabanelli, 1996nipponicum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1922olivi, Polyschides (Scacchi, 1835)ovatum, Dentalium Hu, 1992tumidum, Dentalium W. D. Smith, 1913vaughani, Cadulus Dall, 1912“Tertiary” (epoch not specified)antarctotubulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Stilwell &Zinsmeister, 1992araucanum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887bouei, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825breviforme, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904brugnonei, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom.byorituense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Nomura, 1935camaronesia, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907cristatus, Entalis Mansuy, 1914deshayesi, Dentalium Risso, 1826diazicum, Dentalium Maury, 1920fissura, Pseudantalis (Lamarck, 1818)hanguense, Dentalium Cox, 1931haytense, Laevidentalium (Gabb, 1873)hoernesi, Cadulus (Gadila) Boettger, 1902incertum, Laevidentalium (Deshayes, 1825)intermedium, Dentalium Hupé, 1854javense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974juliana, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907lebuense, Dentalium Philippi, 1887lentum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1923lobion, Cadulus (Polyschides) Gardner, 1947matanzasense, Dentalium Ihering, 1907medius, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898monterosatoi, Dentalium rectum var. Pilsbry & Sharp,1898navidadense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898nobile, Dentalium Mayer, 1863?novum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843octocostellatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898parvulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887peranulatus, Cadulus Guppy, 1912poncensis, Cadulus Maury, 1920ponderosum, Dentalium Gabb, 1873pseudoantalis, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818pulchrum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1911?semialternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843semiaratum, Dentalium Chapman & Crespin, 1928semiclausum, Dentalium Nyst, 1835sulcosum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846sunieri, Dentalium (Antalis) Koperberg, 1931teschi, Dentalium subrectum Koperberg, 1931“FOSSIL” [WITHOUT FURTHER SPECIFICATION]annulatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791?annulatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823bifissuratum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850brevifissum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825denticulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850fossile, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791fusiforme, Dentalium Link, 1807leptoceras, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1862operculatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823rectum, Fissidentalium (Gmelin, 1791)rex, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898transversatum, Dentalium Link, 1807vulpeculum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847vulpinum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847726ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)

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