NEO-PI-R Bibliography for the Revised NEO - Sigma Assessment ...

NEO Inventories 

Bibliography for the 

NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) 

Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) 

and NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) 

______________________________________________________________________ 

Paul T. Costa, Jr., Ph.D., and Robert R. McCrae, Ph.D. 

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Note: Articles are listed under one heading, but may be relevant to several. Users 

are advised to search the entire bibliography for relevant terms. 

Personality Structure and Assessment................................................................. 2 

Personality Correlates ...................................................................................27 

Counseling, Clinical Psychology, and Psychiatry ......................................55 

Stress, Coping, and Well-Being ...................................................................80 

Behavioral and Molecular Genetics ............................................................88 

Personality Development and Aging ...........................................................95 

Health Psychology, Behavioral Medicine, and Biological Psychology .. 104 

Industrial/Organizational and Career Psychology ................................. 118 

Reviews and Commentary ......................................................................... 131 

Translations ................................................................................................ 132

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Personality Structure and Assessment 

Ahn, C. K., & Chae, J. H. (1997). Standardization of the Korean version of the Revised NEO Personality 

Inventory. Korean Journal of Counseling & Psychotherapy, 9, 443-473. 

Akrami, N., Hedlund, L., & Ekehammar, B. (2007). Personality scale response latencies as self-schema 

indicators: The inverted-U effect revisited. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 611-618. 

Allik, J., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Escapable conclusions: Toomela (2003) and the universality of trait 

structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 261-265. 

Allik, J., Realo, A., Mõttus, R. Kuppens, P. (2010). Generalizability of self–other agreement from one 

personality trait to another. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 128-132. 

Almeida, L., Azevedo, B., Nunes, T., Vaz-da-Silva, M., & Soares-da-Silva, P. (2007). Why healthy 

subjects volunteer for Phase I studies and how they perceive their participation? European Journal of 

Clinical Pharmacology, 63, 1085-1094. 

Aluja, A., García, Ó., & García, L. F. (2002). A comparative study of Zuckerman‘s three structural 

models for personality through the NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-III-R, EPQ-RS and Goldberg‘s 50-bipolar 

adjectives. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 713-726. 

Aluja, A., García, Ó., & García, L. F. (2003). Psychometric proterties of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman 

personality questionnaire (ZKPQ-III-R): A study of a shortened form. Personality and Individual 

Differences, 34, 1083-1098. 

Aluja, A., Garcia, O., & Garcia, L. F. (2004). Replicability of the three, four and five Zuckerman's 

personality super-factors: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the EPQ-RS, ZKPQ and 

NEO-PI-R. Personality & Individual Differences, 36, 1093-1108. 

Aluja, A., Garcia, O., Garcia, L. F., & Seisdedos, N. (2005). Invariance of the NEO-PI-R factor structure 

across exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 

1879-1889. 

Aluja, A., Garcia, O., Rossier, J., & Garcia, L. F. (2005). Comparison of the NEO-FFI, the NEO-FFI-R 

and an alternative short version of the NEO-PI-R (NEO-60) in Swiss and Spanish samples. 

Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 591-604. 

Aluja, A., Rossier, J., Garcia, L. F., & Verardi, S. (2005). The 16PF5 and the NEO-PI-R in Spanish and 

Swiss samples: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Individual Differences, 26, 53-62. 

Andersen., P., & Nordvik, H. (2002). Possible Barnum effect in the Five-Factor Model: Do respondents 

accept random NEO Personality Inventory-Revised scores as their actual trait profile? Psychological 

Reports, 90, 539-545. 

Angleitner, A., & Ostendorf, F. (1994). Temperament and the Big Five factors of personality. In C. F. 

Halverson, Jr., G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament 

and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 69-90). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., & Spinath, F. M. (2004). Investigating the ZKPQ-III-R: Psychometric 

properties, relations to the Five-Factor Model, and genetic and environmental Influences on its scales 

and facets. In R. M. Stelmack, (Ed), On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Marvin 

Zuckerman. (89-105). New York: Elsevier Science. 

Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2004). Interpersonal perceptions of the Five-Factor Model of personality: 

An examination using the structural summary method for circumplex data. Multivariate Behavior 

Research, 39, 167-201. 

Asendorpf, J. B., Borkenau, P., Ostendorf, F., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2001). Carving personality 

description at its joints: Confirmation of three replicable personality prototypes for both children and 

adults. European Journal of Personality, 15, 169-198. 

Austin, E. J., Deary, I. J., & Egan, V. (2006). Individual differences in response scale use: Mixed Rasch 

modelling of responses to NEO-FFI items. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1235-1245. 

Austin, E. J., Deary, I. J., Gibson, G. J., McGregor, M. J., & Schouten, E. (1998). Individual response 

spread in self-report scales: Personality correlations and consequences. Personality and Individual 

Differences, 24, 421-438.

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Avdeyeva, T. V. (2005). Testing the cross-cultural generalizability of personality types: A Philippine 

study. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(1-B), 198. 

Averill, J. R. (1999). Individual differences in emotional creativity: Structure and correlates. Journal of 

Personality, 67, 331-371. 

Avia, M. D., Sanz, J., Sanchez, M., & Silva, F.(1993, July). The Five-Factor Model in Spain: Relations of 

the NEO-PI with other variables. In M. D. Avia (Chair), The Five-Factor Model in Europe: Recent 

developments. Symposium presented at the Sixth Meeting of the International Society for the Study 

of Individual Differences, Baltimore, MD. 

Avia, M. D., Sanz, J., Sánchez-Bernardos, Martínez-Arias, Silva, R., & Graña, J. L. (1995). The Five- 

Factor Model--II. Relations of the NEO-PI with other personality variables. Personality and 

Individual Differences, 19, 81-97. 

Aziz, S. & Jackson, C. J. (2001). A comparison between three- and Five-Factor Models of Pakistani 

personality data. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1311-1319. 

Bäckström, M., Björklund, F., & Larsson, M. R. (2009). Five-factor inventories have a major general 

factor related to social desirability which can be reduced by framing items neutrally. Journal of 

Research in Personality, 43, 335-344. 

Baeckstroem, M., & Holmes, B. M. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of two 

self-report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,42, 79-86. 

Baer, R. A. (Chair). (2000, August). Validity scales for the NEO-PI-R. Symposium presented at the 108th 

Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. 

Bagby, R. M., & Marshall, M. B. (2003). Positive impression management and its influence on the 

Revised NEO Personality Inventory: A comparison of analog and differential prevalence group 

designs. Psychological Assessment, 2002, 15, 333-339. 

Ballenger, J. F.. Detecting positive impression management on the NEO-PI-R in a clinical population. 

Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(7), 3829B. 

Balluerka, N., Gorostiaga, A., Alonso-Arbiol, I., & Haranburu, M. (2007). Test adaptation to other 

cultures: A practical approach. Psicothema, 19, 124-133. 

Barbaranelli, C. (1993). Il modello dei Cinque Fattori: Analisi congiunta delle Comrey Personality Scales, 

del Questionario dei Cinque Fattori e del NEO Personality Inventory [The Five-Factor Model: 

Compared analyses of Comrey Personality Scales, Five-Factor Questionnaire, and NEO Personality 

Inventory]. Ricerche-di-Psicologia, 17, 33-51. 

Barbaranelli, C. (2002). Evaluating cluster analysis solutions: An application to the Italian NEO 

Personality Inventory. European Journal of Personality, 16, S43-S55. 

Becker, G. (2006). NEO-FFI scores in college men and women: A view from McDonald‘s unified 

treatment of test theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 911-941. 

Becker, P. (1996). How big are the Big Five? Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische 

Psychologie, 17, 209-221. 

Becker, P. (1999). Beyond the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 511-530. 

Becker, P. (2004). About invariance and intercorrelation of factores in the Revised NEO Personality 

Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Trier Integrated Personality Inventory (TIPI). Diagnostica, 50, 39-48. 

Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait, 

multi-method analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and 

Social Psychology, 75, 729-750. 

Berry, D. S., & Hansen, J. S. (1996). Positive affect, negative affect, and social interaction. Journal of 

Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 796-809. 

Berry, D. T. R., Bagby, R. M., Smerz, J., Rinaldo, J. C., Caldwell-Andrews, A., & Baer, R. A. (2001). 

Effectiveness of NEO-PI-R research validity scales for discriminating analog malingering and 

genuine psychopathology. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 496-516. 

Blackburn, R., Renwick, S. J., D; Donnelly, J. P., & Logan, C. (2004). Big Five or Big Two? 

Superordinate factors in the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Antisocial Personality Questionnaire. 

Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 957-970.

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Blais, M. A. (2010). The common structure of normal personality and psychopathology: Preliminary 

exploration in a non-patient sample Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 322-326. 

Blickle, G. (1995). Conceptualization and measurement of argumentativeness: A decade later. 

Psychological Reports, 77, 99-110. 

Bodunov, M., V., Bezdenezhnykh, B. N., & Akexandrov, Y. I. (1996). Peculiarities of psychodiagnostic 

test item responses and the structure of individual experience [Russian]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 

17, 87-96. 

Boehm, B., Asendorpf, J. B., & Avia, M. D. (2002). Replicable types and subtypes of personality: 

Spanish NEO-PI samples. European Journal of Personality, 16, S25-S41. 

Borkanau, P., & Ostendorf, F. (1989). Untersuchungen zum Fünf-Factoren-Modell der Persönlichkeit und 

seiner diagnostischen Erfassung [Investigations of the Five-Factor Model of personality and its 

assessment]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 10, 239-251. 

Borkenau, P., & Liebler, A. (1992). Trait inferences: Sources of validity of zero acquaintance. Journal of 


Borkenau, P., & Liebler, A. (1995). Observable attributes as manifestations and cues of personality and 

intelligence. Journal of Personality, 63, 1-25. 

Borkenau, P., & Ostendorf, F. (1990). Comparing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: A study 

on the 5-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 515-524. 

Borkenau, P., & Ostendorf, F. (1991). Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung fünf robuster Persönlichkeitsfaktoren 

[A questionnaire for assessing five robust personality factors]. Diagnostica, 37, 29-41. 

Borkenau, P., & Ostendorf, F. (1992). Social desirability scales as moderator and suppressor variables. 

European Journal of Personality, 6, 199-214. 

Borkenau, P., Brecke, S., Möttig, C., & Paelecke, M. (2009). Extraversion is accurately perceived after a 

50-ms exposure to a face. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 703-706. 

Borkenau, P., Mauer, N. Riemann, R., Spinath, F. M., & Angleitner, A. (2004). Thin slices of behavior as 

cues of personality and intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 599-614. 

Botwin, M. D., & Foley, P. J. (1988, August). Replication of the NEO-PI and its relation to EPQ. Paper 

presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA. 

Bowler, M. C., Bowler, J. L., & Phillips, B. C. (2009). The Big-5 ± 2? The impact of cognitive 

complexity on the factor structure of the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 

47, 979-984. 

Boyle, G. & Smari, J. (1997). The Big Five and the problem of measurement in the psychology of 

personality. Nordisk Psykologi, 49, 12-21. 

Bradshaw, S. D. (1997). Impression management and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory: Cause for concern? 


Bratko, D., Vukosav, Z., Zarevski, P., & Vranic, A. (2002). The relations of shyness and assertiveness 

traits with the dimensions of the FFM in adolescence. Review of Psychology, 9, 17-23. 

Brookings, J. B., Zembar, M. J., & Hochstetler, G. M. (2003). An interpersonal circumplex/five-factor 

analysis of the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 449- 

461. 

Byravan, A., & Ramanaiah, N. V. (1995). Structure of the 16 PF Fifth Edition from the perspective of the 

Five-Factor Model. Psychological Reports, 76, 555-560. [See also Psychological Reports, 77, 1307- 

1311.] 

Caldwell-Andrews, A., Baer, R. A., & Berry, D. T. (2000). Effects of response sets on NEO-PI-R scores 

and their relations to external criteria. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 472-488. 

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., & Comrey, A. L. (1995). Factor analysis of the NEO-PI Inventory and 

the Comrey Personality Scales in an Italian sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 193- 

200. 

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., & Livi, S. (1994). Mapping personality dimensions in the Big Five 

model. European Review of Applied Psychology, 44, 9-15. 

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., Perugini, M. (1993). The ―Big Five Questionnaire‖: A new

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questionnaire to assess the Five-Factor Model. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 281-288. 

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Hahn, R., & Comrey, A. L. (2001). Factor analyses of the NEO-PI-R 

Inventory and the Comrey Personality Scales in Italy and the United States. Personality and 


Caprara, G. V., Caprara, M., & Steca, P. (2003). Personality‘s correlates of adult development and aging. 

European Psychologist, 8, 131-147. 

Carrillo-de-la-Pena, M. T. (1995, July). Impulsiveness and sensitivity to reward: Their place in Eysenck's 

and Costa and McCrae's personality spaces. Paper presented at the Seventh Meeting of the 

International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, Warsaw, Poland. 

Caruso, J. C. (2000). Reliability generalization of the NEO Personality scales. Educational and 

Psychological Measurement, 60, 236-254. 

Caruso, J. C., & Cliff, N. (1997). An examination of the Five-Factor Model of normal personality 

variation with reliable component analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 317-325. 

Casey, M. M. (1999). Response latency to computer administered personality inventory items: A method 

to control for reading speed and item length. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(8), 4530B. 

Catanzaro, J. M. (1997). The effect of response latencies on the validity of personality scales. 


Cattell, H. E. P. (1995). Some comments on a factor analysis of the 16PF and the NEO Personality 

Inventory-Revised. Psychological Reports, 77, 1307-1311. 

Cawley, M. J. (2000). A virtues approach to personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 997- 

1013. 

Chapman, B. P. (2007). Bandwidth and fidelity on the NEO Five-Factor Inventory: Replicability and 

reliability of Saucier's (1998) item cluster subcomponents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 

220-234. 

Chapman, B. P., & Hayslip, B., Jr. (2005). Incremental validity of a measure of emotional intelligence. 

Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 154-169. 

Chen, M. C., & Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Development and validation of the NEO-PI-R for a Taiwanese 

sample. In T. Sugiman, M. Karasawa, J. H. Liu, & C. Ward (Eds.), Progress in Asian social 

psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 105-119). Seoul, South Korea: Kyoyook-Kwahak-Sa Publishing. 

Cheng, C., Cheng Pik Yee, L., Ng Ching Man, A., & Yip Juen Juen, F. (1991). Validation of the eightfactor 

model of Chinese personality across instruments. Unpublished manuscript, Chinese University 

of Hong Kong. 

Cheung, F. M., Cheung, S. F., Leong, K., Ward, C., & Leong, F. (2003). The English version of the 

Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 417-432. 

Cheung, F. M., Leong, K., Zhang, J. X, Sun, H. F., Gan, Y. Q., Song, W. Z., & Xie, D. (2001). 

Indigenous Chinese personality constructs: Is the Five-Factor Model complete? Journal of Cross- 

Cultural Psychology, 32, 407-433. 

Cheung, F.M., Cheung, S.F., Zhang, J.X., Leung, K., Leong, F., & Yeh, K.H. (2008). Relevance of 

Openness as a personality dimension in Chinese culture: Aspects of its cultural relevance. Journal of 

Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 81-108. 

Church, A. T. (1994). Relating the Tellegen and Five-Factor Models of personality structure. Journal of 


Church, A. T., & Burke, P. J.(1994). Exploratory and confirmatory test of the Big Five and Tellegen‘s 

three-and four-dimensional models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 93-114. 

Church, A. T., & Katigbak, M. S. (2002). The Five-Factor Model in the Philippines: Investigating trait 

structure and levels across cultures. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The Five-Factor Model of 

personality across cultures (pp. 129-154). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 

Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., & del Prado, A. (in press). Cultural similarities and differences in 

perceived affordances of situations for Big Five behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality.

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Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., & Reyes, J. A. S. (1998). Further exploration of Filipino personality 

structure using the lexical approach: Do the Big-Five or Big-Seven dimensions emerge? European 

Journal of Personality, 12, 249-269. 

Church, A. T., Reyes, J. A. S., Katigbak, M. S., & Grimm, S. D. (1997). Filipino personality structure and 

the Big Five Model: A lexical approach. Journal of Personality, 65, 477-528. 

Clark, W. B., & Newberry, B. H. (1995, July). Temperament and the five-factor personality formulations: 

Some initial findings. Paper presented at the Seventh Meeting of the International Society for the 

Study of Individual Differences, Warsaw, Poland. 

Conn, S. R. (1993, August). Relationship between 16PF Fifth Edition Global Factors and the Personality 

Research Form, California Psychological Inventory, NEO Personality Inventory, and the Myers- 

Briggs Type Indicator: A study of construct validity. In P. Farber (Chair), The Revised 16PF— 

psychometric issues. Symposium presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological 

Association, Toronto, Canada. 

Conn, S. R., & Rieke, M. L. (Eds.). (1994). The 16PF Fifth Edition technical manual. Champaign, IL: 

Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. 

Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2002). Looking backward: Changes in the mean levels of personality 

traits from 80 to 12. In D. Cervone & W. Mischel (Eds.), Advances in personality science (pp. 219- 

237). New York: Guilford. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1986). Major contributions to personality psychology. In S. Modgil & 

C. Modgil (Eds.), Hans Eysenck: Consensus and controversy (pp. 63-72, 86, 87). Barcombe Lewes 

Sussex, England: Falmer. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1988). From catalog to classification: Murray‘s needs and the Five- 

Factor Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 258-265. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1989, November). What lies beneath the Big Five? Facet scales for 

Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. In O. P. John (Chair), The Big Five: Historical perspective 

and current research. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Multivariate 

Experimental Psychology, Honolulu, HI. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual 

Differences, 13, 653-665. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Reply to Eysenck. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 

861-865. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using 

the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 21-50. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Primary traits of Eysenck's P-E-N system: Three- and fivefactor 

solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 308-317. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: A reply to Block. 

Psychological Bulletin, 117, 216-220. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1997). Stability and change in personality assessment: The Revised 

NEO Personality Inventory in the Year 2000. Journal of Personality Assessment,. 68, 86-94. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1998). Trait theories of personality. In D. F. Barone, M. Hersen, & V. 

B. Van Hasselt (Eds.), Advanced personality (pp. 103-121). New York: Plenum. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2000). A theoretical context for adult temperament. In T. D. Wachs & 

G. A. Kohnstamm (Eds.), Temperament in context (pp.1-21). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum 

Associates. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2006). Trait and factor theories. In J. C. Thomas & D. L. Segal (Eds.), 

Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology (Vol. I, pp. 96-114). New York: 

Wiley. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (in press). The Five-Factor Model and the NEO Inventories. In J. M. 

Butcher (Ed.), Oxford handbook of personality and clinical assessment. New York: Oxford 

University Press. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (in press). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory. In S. R. Briggs, J.

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Cheek. & E. Donahue (Eds.), Handbook of adult personality inventories. New York: Plenum. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., Herbst, J. H., McCrae, R. R., Samuels, J., & Ozer, D. J. (2002). The replicability and 

utility of three personality types. European Journal of Personality, 16, S73-S87. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., McCrae, R. R., & Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for Agreeableness and 

Conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual 


Costa, P. T., Jr., McCrae, R. R., & Jónsson, F. H. (2002). Validity and utility of the Revised NEO 

Personality Inventory: Examples from Europe. In B. De Raad & M. Perugini (Eds.), Big Five 

assessment (pp. 61-77). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber. 

Costa, P. T., Jr., McCrae, R. R., & Martin, T. A. (2008). Incipient adult personality: The NEO-PI-3 in 

middle-school-aged children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26, 71-89. 

Couch, L. L., Adams, J. M., & Jones, W. H. (1996). The assessment of trust orientation. Journal of 

Personality Assessment, 67, 305-323. 

Craig, R. J., Loheide, R. A., Rudolph, B., Leifer, M., & Rudin, N. (1998). Relationship between 

psychological needs and the Five-Factor Model of personality classification. Journal of Research in 


Crandall, B. D. (N.D.). Item response latency in computerized personality assessment and the effect of 

socially desirable responding. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & 

Engineering, 59(3-B), 1363. 

Curtis, G., Kieffer, K. M, & Schinka, J. A. (2000, August). Further attempts to confirm the factor 

structure of the NEO-PI-R. Paper presented at the 108th Annual Convention of the American 

Psychological Association, Washington, DC. 

Dai, X., Yao, S. & Cai, T. (2004). Reliability and validity of the NEO-PI-R in Mainland China. [Chinese]. 

Chinese Mental Health Journal, 18, 171-174. 

Davidson, W. B., & Logan, S. M. (1998). The development and validation of a brief Q-sort measure of 

personality, the Angelo Q-Set. Psychology: A Quarterly Journal of Human Behavior, 35, 18-26. 

De Clercq, B., De Fruyt, F., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2004). A ―little-five‖ lexically based perspective on 

personality disorder symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 479-499. 

De Fruyt, F., & Furnham, A. (2000). Advances in the assessment of the Five-Factor Model. Psychologica 

Belgica, 40, 51-75. 

De Fruyt, F., & Mervielde, I. (1998). The assessment of the Big Five in the Dutch language domain. 

Psychologica Belgica, 38, 1-22. 

De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R. R., Szirmák, Z., & Nagy, J. (2004). The Five-Factor Personality Inventory as a 

measure of the Five-Factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO- 

PI-R. Assessment, 11, 207-215. 

De Fruyt, F., Mervielde, I., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2002). The consistency of personality type classification 

across samples and five-factor measures. European Journal of Personality, 16, S57-S72. 

De Fruyt, F., Van De Wiele, L, & Van Heeringen, C. (2000). Cloninger's psychobiological model of 

temperament and character and the Five-Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual 


De Raad, B., & Perugini, M. (Eds.). (2002). Big Five assessment. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrete & Huber. 

Decuyper, M., De Fruyt, F., & Buschman, J. (in press). Personality dimensions measured using the 

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO-FFI on a Polish sample. International Journal 

of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 

Deinzer, R., Steyer, R., Eid, M., Notz, P., Schwenkmezger, P., Ostendorf, F., & Neubauer, A. (1995). 

Situational effects in trait assessment: the FPI, NEO-FFI, and EPI questionnaires. European Journal 

of Personality, 9, 1-23. 

Deitsch, S. E. (1997). Structure of personality: An evaluation of alternative models. Dissertation 

Abstracts International, 57(11), 7263B/ 

Deniston, W. M., & Ramanaiah, N. V. (1993). California Psychological Inventory and the Five-Factor 

Model of personality. Psychological Reports, 73, 491-496.

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Detwiler, F. R. J. (1996). The Jackson Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor Model of personality. 


Detwiler, F. R. J., & Ramanaiah, N. V. (1996). Structure of the Jackson Personality Inventory from the 

perspective of the Five-Factor Model. Psychological Reports, 79, 411-416. 

DeYoung, C. G., Higgins, D. M., & Peterson, J. B. (2001, February). Socially desirable responding is 

related to higher-order factors in the Big Five. Paper presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the 

Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio 

DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the 

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Translations 

The copyright to the NEO-PI-R is owned by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., and a signed 

agreement with PAR is needed prior to the initiation of any translation, use of unpublished 

translations, or research activities. 

Published Translations 

British. An English-language version of the NEO-PI-R adapted for use in the United Kingdom is 

available through The Test Agency, Henley-on-Thames, UK. 

Brazilian Portuguese. NEO-PI-R, adapted by C. E. Flores-Mendoza, E. do Nascimento, R. Primi, F. 

Sisto, E. Legal, & M. Calegaro. Vetor Editora, Rua Cubatão, 48, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, Brazil. 

Bulgarian. The NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI, by N. Alexandrova and Julian Genov, is published by 

Organizzazioni Speciali, Bulgaria. 

Croatian. The Croatian NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI are paublished by Naklada Slap, Croatia. 

Czech. The Czech NEO-FFI and NEO-PI-R, by M. Hřebíčková and T. Urbánek, are published by Hogrefe 

Testcentrum, Prague. 

Danish. by E. L. Mortensen (NEO-PI-R) Dansk Psychologisk Forlag, Kongevejen 155, 2830 Virum, 

Denmark. 

Dutch. Dutch versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI by H. A. Hoekstra, J. Ormel, & F. de Fruyt are 

published by Hogrefe, Amsterdam. 

Finnish. The NEO-PI-R, by A. Tuulio-Henriksson and J-E. Longqvist, is published by Hogrefe 

Psykologiforlaget AB. 

French. A version of the NEO-PI-R by J. P. Rolland & J. M. Petot has been published by Hogrefe, Paris, 

France.

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French Canadian. The NEO-PI-R is published by Institute de Recherches Psychologiques, 34, rue Fleury 

Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3L 1S9. 

German. German versions of the NEO-FFI by P. Borkenau and F. Ostendorf and the NEO-PI-R by F. 

Ostendorf and A. Angleitner are published by Hogrefe, Göttingen, Germany. 

Hebrew. The NEO-PI-R, by I. Montag, is distributed by BIP Institute of Psychology Ltd., 11 Ben Gurion 

Str., Bnei Brak, Israel, 51260. 

Japanese. Japanese versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI by Y. Shimonaka, N. Nakazato, O. Gondo, 

& M. Takayama are published by Tokyo Shinri. 

Korean. A Korean version of the NEO-PI-R is published by PSI Consulting, Seoul, S. Korea. 

Lithuanian. The NEO-PI-R, by Rita Žukauskienė & Rasa Barkauskienė, is published by Psichologija, 

Vilnius University Press, Vilnius. 

Norwegian. Øyvind Martinsen, Hilmar Nordvik, & Laila Eriksen Ostbo, Gyldendal Akademisk, Oslo. 

Polish. The NEO-FFI, by B. Zawadzki, J. Strelau, P. Szczepaniak, and M. Sliwinska, and the NEO-PI-R 

by J. Siuta are published by Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych, Warsaw. 

Portuguese. The NEO-PI-R, by M. P. de Lima and A Simões, is published by CEGOC-TEA, Lisbon. 

Romanian. The NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI, by D. Iliescu, M. Minulescu, C. Nedelcea, & D. Ispas, are 

published by D&D Consultants Grup, SRL, Bucharest. 

Russian. The Russian NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI, by T. A. Martin, J. G. Draguns, V. E. Oryol, I. G. Senin, 

A. A. Rukavishnikov, & M. L. Klotz, are published by Psychodiagnostica, Yaroslavl, Russia. 

Slovak. The NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI by I. Ruisel and P. Halama, is published by Hogrefe Testcentrum, 

Prague, Czech Republic. 

Spanish. The NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI are published in Spanish by Psychological Assessment Resources, 

Inc. Castilian versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI, by A. Cordero, A. Pamos and N. Seisdedos, 

based on the translation by M. Avia, are published by TEA Ediciones, Madrid. 

Swedish. The Swedish translation of the NEO-PI-R, by H. Bergman, is published by Psykologiförlaget, 

Stockholm 

Turkish. The NEO-PI-R by S. Gulgoz is published by Assess Insan Gucu Degerlendirme ve danismanhk, 

Istanbul. 

Validated Translations 

Validated translations, available by license from PAR, are available for the following languages: 

Basque, by N. Balluerka & I. Alonso-Arbiol (NEO-PI-R) 

Chinese, by M. H. Bond, W. K. Li, et al., Hong Kong. (NEO-PI-R); adapted for Mainland China by J. 

Yang. 

Croatian, by I. Marušić, D. Bratko, & H. Eterovic, Zagreb, Croatio (NEO-PI-R) 

Estonian, by J. Allik, A. Realo, & T. Kallasmaa, Tartu, Estonia (NEO-PI-R) 

Filipino, by G. del Pilar, Paris, France (NEO-PI-R). 

French, by J. M. Robbins & L. J. Kirmayer, Montreal, Canada. (NEO-FFI) 

Hmong, by Ger Moua (NEO-PI-R). 

Hungarian, by Z. Szirmak, Bielefeld, Germany (NEO-PI-R). 

Icelandic, by F. H. Jónsson, Reykiavik, Iceland. (NEO-PI-R) 

Indian (Marathi), by S. Deo, Pune, India (NEO-PI-R). 

Indian (Telegu), by B. Vijayalakshmi, Kakinada, India (NEO-PI-R) 

Indonesian (Maleis), by J. Derksen, M. S. Halim, & A. G. Herabadi, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (NEO- 

PI-R). 

Iranian (Farsi), by Shahriar Shahidi (NEO-PI-R) 

Iraqi (Arabic), by A. J. Hanna (NEO-PI-R). 

Italian, by G.V. Caprara & C. Barbaranelli, Rome, Italy. (NEO-PI-R) 

Malay, by K. Mastor, Sydney, Australia (NEO-PI-R) 

Romanian, by S. Borza, Timisoara (NEO-FFI); by D. Ispas & D. Iliescu (NEO-PI-R).

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Russian, by M. Bodunov, Moscow, Russia (NEO-FFI). 

Serbian, by G. Knezevic & D. D. Jocic, Belgrade (NEO-PI-R). 

Slovakian, by E. Fickova (NEO-PI-R). 

Slovene, by V. Russ (NEO-PI-R) 

South African (Afrikaans), by R. van Niekerk, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. (NEO-PI-R) 

South African (Southern Sotho), by R. van Niekerk, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. (NEO-PI-R) 

South African (Xhosa), by R. van Niekerk, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. (NEO-PI-R) 

Spanish (Castilian), by J. F. Salgado, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. (NEO-FFI) 

Swedish, by B. Hagberg, Lund, Sweden. (NEO-FFI). 

Thai, by N. Chittcharat, Bangkok (NEO-PI-R); by D. Reynolds, Bridgeville, PA (NEO-FFI); by C. 

Smithikrai (NEO-FFI). 

Turkish, by D. Sunar, Istanbul, Turkey (NEO-FFI). 

Urdu, by A. Chisti, Pakistan (NEO-PI-R). 

Zimbabwean (Shona), by E. Bain & R. L. Piedmont, Baltimore, MD, USA (NEO-PI-R). 

Research Translations 

Validational research is currently in progress on the following versions: 

Albanian, by A. Arenliu (NEO-PI-R). 

Eretrian (Tigrigna), by T. Bahta (NEO-PI-R). 

French, by P. Cappeliez, Ottawa, Canada. (NEO-PI). 

Greek, by K. N. Fountoulakis (NEO-PI-3). 

Hindi, by A. M. Dolke, Mumbai (NEO-PI-R). 

Latvian, by S. Sebra (NEO-PI-R).

NEO-PI-R Bibliography for the Revised NEO - Sigma Assessment ...

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