Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland. April

Rare, Threatened, and 

Endangered Plants of Maryland 

April 2010 

Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service 

Natural Heritage Program 

Tawes State Office Building 

580 Taylor Ave., Suite E-1 

Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 260-8563

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources would like to express sincere appreciation to the 

many scientists and naturalists who willingly share information and provide their expertise to 

further our mission of conserving Maryland's diminishing natural heritage. 

Publication of this report was made possible by taxpayer donations to Maryland's Chesapeake 

Bay and Endangered Species Fund. 

Cover photo: Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) © Richard Wiegand, Maryland Natural Heritage 

Program. 

Suggested citation: 

Maryland Natural Heritage Program. 2010. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland. April 2010 

edition. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Annapolis, Maryland.

INTRODUCTION 

RARE, THREATENED, AND ENDANGERED PLANTS 

OF MARYLAND 

April 5, 2010 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

Wildlife and Heritage Service 


Tawes State Office Building 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

(410) 260-8563 

The following report identifies those native Maryland plants that are among the rarest and most in need of conservation 

efforts as elements of our State's natural diversity. It includes species occurring in Maryland that are listed or that are candidates 

for listing on the Federal list of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, species currently on the State's Threatened and 

Endangered Species List, and additional species that are considered rare by the Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service. The 

purpose of this report is to inform the public of which species are rare, to provide an indication of their degree of rarity, to solicit 

additional information on the status and distribution of these species, and to promote an interest in their protection. 

Compiled by Wildlife and Heritage Service staff, this list of rare species is a result of 30 years of data gathering from 

numerous sources, such as herbaria and private collections, scientific literature, unpublished documents, reports from botanists 

and amateur naturalists, and field work conducted by scientists from the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The original 

version of this list was included in the Department of Natural Resources' 1984 publication Threatened and Endangered Plants and 

Animals of Maryland, which also contained detailed information on the distribution and status of Maryland's rare species known at 

that time. 

Since 1984, our knowledge of Maryland's flora has grown steadily. Through extensive field work, Wildlife and Heritage 

Service biologists and other researchers have located species which were previously unrecorded for the State and have 

discovered that some species are scarcer than previously known. Similarly, some species are now known to be either more 

widespread or less vulnerable to ecological disturbances than previously believed. Thus, the list and status of each species is 

periodically revised to keep pace with new information. 

The official State Threatened and Endangered Species List is part of the State Threatened and Endangered Species 

regulations (COMAR 08.03.08). Wildlife and Heritage Service biologists are concerned with many more species than those 

included on the State's Threatened and Endangered Species List. Some of these species are potential candidates for listing and 

usually require further investigation into their rarity and endangerment status. Others are thought to be secure at present, but are 

worthy of attention because of limited distributions, declining populations, or ecological vulnerabilities. 

ABOUT THIS LIST 

The list of rare, threatened, and endangered plants is arranged alphabetically by scientific name. Four columns are 

printed to the right of each name. The global and state rarity ranks of each species are included in the first and second columns, 

respectively. The third column indicates the species' status on the State Threatened and Endangered Species List. The last 

column shows the Federal status of each species as determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Definitions for the codes 

used in all four columns are provided below. At the end of the list is a series of four Appendices. Appendix I contains a summary 

of the changes to state ranks and statuses since the last time this list was published. Because taxonomists periodically update 

scientific names, a partial list of synonym names is included as a cross reference in Appendix II. The names used in this 

publication might not reflect the most recently published taxonomic changes or standards. Species currently under consideration 

for inclusion on the list appear in Appendix III. Appendix IV contains a list of species with unusual, non-standard ranks and has 

been provided to clarify their current conservation status in Maryland. Natural Heritage Program biologists welcome any 

information on the status and location of the species in Appendices III and IV from all interested parties. 

1

GLOBAL AND STATE RANKS 

EXPLANATION OF SPECIES RANK AND STATUS CODES 

The global and state ranking system is used by all 50 state Natural Heritage Programs and numerous Conservation 

Data Centers in other countries in this hemisphere. Because they are assigned based upon standard criteria, the 

ranks can be used to assess the range-wide status of a species, as well as the status within portions of the species' 

range. The primary criterion used to define these ranks is the number of known distinct occurrences with 

consideration given to the total number of individuals at each locality. Additional factors considered include the 

current level of protection, the types and degree of threats, ecological vulnerability, and population trends. Global and 

state ranks are used in combination to set inventory, protection, and management priorities for species both at the 

state as well as regional level. 

GLOBAL RANK 

G1 Highly globally rare. Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (typically 5 or fewer estimated 

occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially 

vulnerable to extinction. 

G2 Globally rare. Imperiled globally because of rarity (typically 6 to 20 estimated occurrences or few remaining 

individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its 

range. 

G3 Either very rare and local throughout its range or distributed locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) 

in a restricted range (e.g., a single western state, a physiographic region in the East) or because of other 

factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range; typically with 21 to 100 estimated 

occurrences. 

G4 Apparently secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. 

G5 Demonstrably secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. 

GH No known extant occurrences (i.e., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be 

rediscovered). 

GU Possibly in peril range-wide, but its status is uncertain; more information is needed. 

GX Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be 

rediscovered. 

G? The species has not yet been ranked. 

_Q Species containing a "Q" in the rank indicates that the taxon is of questionable or uncertain taxonomic 

standing (i.e., some taxonomists regard it as a full species, while others treat it at an infraspecific level). 

_T Ranks containing a "T" indicate that the infraspecific taxon is being ranked differently than the full species. 

2

STATE RANK 

S1 Highly State rare. Critically imperiled in Maryland because of extreme rarity (typically 5 or fewer estimated 

occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres in the State) or because of some factor(s) making it 

especially vulnerable to extirpation. Species with this rank are actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage 

Service. 

S2 State rare. Imperiled in Maryland because of rarity (typically 6 to 20 estimated occurrences or few remaining 

individuals or acres in the State) or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to becoming extirpated. 

Species with this rank are actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service. 

S3 Watch List. Rare to uncommon with the number of occurrences typically in the range of 21 to 100 in 

Maryland. It may have fewer occurrences but with a large number of individuals in some populations, and it 

may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. Species with this rank are not actively tracked by the 

Wildlife and Heritage Service. 

S3.1 A "Watch List" species that is actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service because of the global 

significance of Maryland occurrences. For instance, a G3 S3 species is globally rare to uncommon, and 

although it may not be currently threatened with extirpation in Maryland, its occurrences in Maryland may be 

critical to the long term security of the species. Therefore, its status in the State is being monitored. 

S4 Apparently secure in Maryland with typically more than 100 occurrences in the State or may have fewer 

occurrences if they contain large numbers of individuals. It is apparently secure under present conditions, 

although it may be restricted to only a portion of the State. 

S5 Demonstrably secure in Maryland under present conditions. 

SA Accidental in Maryland. 

SE Established, but not native to Maryland; it may be native elsewhere in North America. 

SH Historically known from Maryland, but not verified for an extended period (usually 20 or more years), with the 

expectation that it may be rediscovered. 

SNA Species is not a suitable conservation target 

SP Potentially occurring in Maryland or likely to have occurred in Maryland (but without persuasive 

documentation). 

SR Reported from Maryland, but without persuasive documentation that would provide a basis for either 

accepting or rejecting the report (e.g., no voucher specimen exists). 

SRF Reported falsely (in error) from Maryland, and the error may persist in the literature. 

SU Possibly rare in Maryland, but of uncertain status for reasons including lack of historical records, low search 

effort, cryptic nature of the species, or concerns that the species may not be native to the State. Uncertainty 

spans a range of 4 or 5 ranks as defined above. 

SX Believed to be extirpated in Maryland with virtually no chance of rediscovery. 

S? The species has not yet been ranked. 

3

STATE STATUS 

State status is the legal protection status of a species as determined by the Maryland Department of Natural 

Resources in accordance with the Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act. Definitions for the following 

categories have been taken from Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR) 08.03.08. 

E Endangered; a species whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's flora or fauna is 

determined to be in jeopardy. 

T Threatened; a species of flora or fauna that appears likely, within the foreseeable future, to become 

endangered in the State. 

X Endangered Extirpated; a species that was once a viable component of the flora or fauna of the State, but for 

which no naturally occurring populations are known to exist in the State. 

* A qualifier denoting the species is listed in a limited geographic area only. 

FEDERAL STATUS 

Federal Status is the legal protection status of a species as determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 

Office of Endangered Species, in accordance with the Endangered Species Act. Definitions for the following 

categories have been modified from 50 CFR 17. 

LE Taxa listed as endangered; in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range. 

LT Taxa listed as threatened; likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a 

significant portion of their range. 

PE Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered. 

PT Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened. 

C Candidate taxa for listing for which the Service has on file enough substantial information on biological 

vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. 

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AND INFORMATION 

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of Endangered Species publishes a list of federally-designated threatened and 

endangered species, as well as those species considered to be candidates for official listing. Copies of the U.S. Department of 

Interior's booklets, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants and Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened 

Species; Notice of Review (reprinted from the Federal Register) can be obtained from the Publication Unit, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, Washington, DC 20240 or viewed at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html. 

To obtain additional copies of this report, to receive a copy of "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals of Maryland," 

or to receive other information on Maryland's rare species and natural areas, please contact the Maryland Wildlife and Heritage 

Service at the address shown above or visit their website at http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/nhpintro.asp. 

There are several online resources for plant taxonomy, which include comprehensive databases of taxonomic synonym, 

scientific names, common names, and plant distribution. The USDA Plants Database (http://plants.usda.gov/) includes a general 

seach of plant taxonomy, habitat, and distribution. The Biota of North American Program (http://www.bonap.org/synth.html) 

includes a link to The Synthesis of North American Flora, a database developed by Dr. John Kartesz that shows county-level 

distribution maps. NatureServe Explorer (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/) provides information on the global, national, and 

state conservation ranks and statuses of over 70,000 plants and animals. 

4

SUBMITTING INFORMATION ON RARE, THREATENED, AND ENDANGERED SPECIES 

The Wildlife and Heritage Service is the lead State agency for the identification, ranking, and protection of Maryland's rare 

species and significant natural areas. Staff biologists obtain information on the biology and status of rare native flora and fauna 

from various sources, including scientific experts, knowledgeable amateur naturalists, and research projects funded through the 

Chesapeake Bay and Endangered Species tax check-off. You can take an active part in protecting Maryland's rare species by 

contacting the Wildlife and Heritage Service with the following types of information: 

1. Location (exact mapped location, if possible) and population size/vigor information for any species on the Program's rare, 

threatened, and endangered species list, including historical information. 

2. Data indicating that a species should be assigned a different state rank or status. 

3. Nominations of additional rare species to be included on the list or of species that should be deleted from the list, with 

supporting data. 

4. Documentation of threats to any rare species populations, including the species' habitat. 

5. Information on the biology or ecology of rare species and references to the species in the literature. 

6. Any additional information that would support the protection, conservation, or management of rare species, habitats, or natural 

communities in Maryland. 

If you would like to provide location information for any rare species, please fill out the reporting form found at the web 

address provided above and mail it to the Wildlife and Heritage Service along with a location map. You can also send an e-mail 

message to Peter Stango, Natural Heritage Information Manager, at pstango@dnr.state.md.us. 

5

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland 

Global State State Federal 

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Rank Rank Status Status 

Abies balsamea Balsam Fir G5 S1 

Aconitum uncinatum Blue Monkshood G4 S1 E 

Actaea podocarpa American Bugbane G4 S2 

Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory G4 S2 T 

Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Joint-vetch G2 S1 E LT 

Agalinis acuta Sandplain Gerardia G1 S1 E LE 

Agalinis auriculata Auricled Gerardia G3 S1 E 

Agalinis fasciculata Fascicled Gerardia G5 SH 

Agalinis obtusifolia Blunt-leaved Gerardia G4G5Q S1 E 

Agalinis setacea Thread-leaved Gerardia G5? S1 E 

Agalinis skinneriana Midwestern Gerardia G3G4 S1 E 

Agastache scrophulariifolia Purple Giant Hyssop G4 S1S2 T 

Agrimonia microcarpa Small-fruited Agrimony G5 SU 

Agrimonia striata Woodland Agrimony G5 S1 E 

Aletris aurea Golden Colicroot G5 SH X 

Alnus maritima Seaside Alder G3 S3.1 

Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth G2 S1 E LT 

Amelanchier humilis Running Serviceberry G5 S1 T 

Amelanchier nantucketensis Nantucket Shadbush G3Q S1 T 

Amelanchier sanguinea Round-leaf Serviceberry G5 S1 E 

Amelanchier stolonifera Running Juneberry G5 S2 

Amianthium muscitoxicum Fly-poison G4G5 S2? 

Ammannia coccinea Scarlet Ammannia G5 SU 

Ammannia latifolia Koehne's Ammannia G5 S2 

Ampelopsis arborea Pepper-vine G5 SU 

Ampelopsis cordata Heartleaf Peppervine G5 SU 

Amphicarpum purshii Pursh's Amphicarpum G4 S3 

Anagallis minima Chaffweed G5 SU X 

Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlasting G5 S3 

Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone G5 SH X 

Anemone lancifolia Mountain Thimble-weed G5 SU 

Angelica atropurpurea Great Angelica G5 SH X 

Angelica triquinata Filmy Angelica G4 S1 E 

Antennaria solitaria Single-headed Pussytoes G5 S2 T 

Arabis glabra Tower Mustard G5 SU 

Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rockcress G5 SU 

Arabis missouriensis Missouri Rockcress G5?Q S1 E 

Arabis patens Spreading Rockcress G3 S3 

Arabis shortii Short's Rockcress G5 S3 

Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla G5 S1 E 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry G5 S1 E 

Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa G4 SH X 

Aristida lanosa Woolly Three-awn G5 S1 E 

Aristida tuberculosa Sea-beach Three-awn G5 S1 

Aristida virgata Wire Grass G5 S1 E 

Aristolochia macrophylla Pipevine G5 S1 T 

Armoracia lacustris Lake Cress G4? S1 E 

Arnica acaulis Leopard's-bane G4 S1 E 

Arundinaria gigantea Giant Cane G5 S2 

6




Asclepias lanceolata Smooth Orange Milkweed G5 SU 

Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed G5? SU 

Asclepias rubra Red Milkweed G4G5 S1 E 

Asclepias verticillata Whorled Milkweed G5 S3 

Asplenium bradleyi Bradley's Spleenwort G4 SH X 

Asplenium pinnatifidum Lobed Spleenwort G4 S1 E 

Asplenium resiliens Black-stem Spleenwort G5 S1 E 

Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue G5 S3 

Astilbe biternata False Goat's-beard G4G5 S? 

Astragalus canadensis Canada Milkvetch G5 S1 E 

Astragalus distortus Bent Milkvetch G5 S2 T 

Atriplex arenaria Sea-beach Orach G5 S3 

Aureolaria flava Smooth False Foxglove G5 S3 

Aureolaria laevigata Downy Yellow Foxglove G5 SU 

Axonopus furcatus Big Carpet Grass G5 S2? 

Bacopa innominata Mat-forming Water-hyssop G3G5 SH X 

Bacopa monnieri Coastal Water-hyssop G5? SU 

Baptisia australis Wild False Indigo G5 S2 T 

Bartonia paniculata Twining Bartonia G5 S3 

Berberis canadensis American Barberry G3 SH X 

Betula populifolia Gray Birch G5 SU 

Bidens bidentoides var. mariana Maryland Bur-marigold G3T3 S3.1 

Bidens coronata Tickseed Sunflower G5 S2S3 

Bidens mitis Small-fruited Beggar-ticks G4? S1 E 

Blephilia ciliata Downy Woodmint G5 S3 

Blephilia hirsuta Hairy Woodmint G5? S2 

Boltonia asteroides Aster-like Boltonia G5 S1 E 

Borrichia frutescens Sea Ox-eye G5TNR SH X 

Botrychium lanceolatum var. 

angustisegmentum Triangle Grape-fern G5 SH X 

Botrychium matricariifolium Matricary Grape-fern G5 SU 

Botrychium multifidum Leathery Grape-fern G5 SH X 

Botrychium oneidense Blunt-lobe Grape-fern G4Q S1 E 

Botrychium simplex Small Grape-fern G5 SH X 

Bouteloua curtipendula Side-oats Grama G5 S2 

Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome G5 S1? 

Bromus kalmii Wild Chess G5 S1 E 

Bromus latiglumis Broad-glumed Brome G5 S1 E 

Bromus nottowayanus Nottoway's Brome G3G5 S1S2 

Buchnera americana Blue-hearts G5? SH X 

Cacalia muehlenbergii Great Indian-plantain G4 SH X 

Calamagrostis porteri Porter's Reedgrass G4 S1 E 

Calla palustris Wild Calla G5 S1 E 

Callicarpa americana French Mulberry G5 SH X 

Calopogon tuberosus Grass-pink G5 S1 E 

Calystegia spithamaea Low Bindweed G4G5 S2 

Campanula divaricata Southern Harebell G4 SU X 

Campanula rotundifolia Harebell G5 S2 

Cardamine douglassii Purple Cress G5 S3 

Cardamine longii Long's Bittercress G3 S1 E 

Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower G5 S1 

7




Cardamine rotundifolia Mountain Watercress G4 S3 

Carex aestivalis Summer Sedge G4 S1 E 

Carex albursina A Sedge G5 S3 

Carex appalachica Appalachian Sedge G4 S1? 

Carex aquatilis Water Sedge G5 S1 

Carex argyrantha Hay Sedge G5 S3 

Carex barrattii Barratt's Sedge G4 S3 

Carex brevior Fescue Sedge G5? S2? 

Carex brunnescens Brownish Sedge G5 S3 

Carex bullata Button Sedge G5 S3 

Carex buxbaumii Buxbaum's Sedge G5 S2 T 

Carex careyana Carey's Sedge G4G5 S1 E 

Carex cephaloidea Thin-leaved Sedge G5 SH 

Carex conoidea Field Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex cristatella Crested Sedge G5 S1? 

Carex davisii Davis' Sedge G4 S1 E 

Carex decomposita Cypress-knee Sedge G3 S1 E 

Carex diandra Lesser Panicled Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex digitalis var. macropoda A Carex G5TNR S1? 

Carex eburnea Ebony Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex echinata Little Prickly Sedge G5 S3 

Carex emoryi Emory's Sedge G5 S3 

Carex exilis Coast Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex gigantea Giant Sedge G4 S3 

Carex glaucescens A Sedge G4 S1 E 

Carex haydenii Cloud Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex hirtifolia Pubescent Sedge G5 S3 

Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex hyalinolepis Shoreline Sedge G4G5 S2S3 

Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex interior Inland Sedge G5 S1 

Carex joorii Cypress-swamp Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex lacustris Lake-bank Sedge G5 S2 

Carex lasiocarpa Hairy-fruited Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex laxiculmis var. copulata Spreading Sedge G5T3T5 S1? 

Carex louisianica Louisiana Sedge G5 S3 

Carex lucorum A Sedge G4 S1 

Carex lupuliformis Hop-like Sedge G4 S2 

Carex meadii Mead's Sedge G4G5 S1 E 

Carex mitchelliana Mitchell's Sedge G4 S2 

Carex molesta Troublesome Sedge G4 S1? 

Carex pedunculata Long-stalked Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex pellita Woolly Sedge G5 S2? 

Carex planispicata A Sedge G4Q S1S2 

Carex plantaginea Plantain-leaved Sedge G5 S1? 

Carex polymorpha Variable Sedge G3 SH X 

Carex projecta Necklace Sedge G5 S2 

Carex richardsonii Richardson's Sedge G4 S1 E 

Carex sartwellii Sartwell Sedge G4G5 SH 

Carex shortiana Short's Sedge G5 S2 E 

8




Carex silicea Sea-beach Sedge G5 S1 E 

Carex sparganioides Burr-reed Sedge G5 S1S2 

Carex straminea Straw Sedge G5 S1S2 

Carex striatula Lined Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex tenera Slender Sedge G5 SH X 

Carex tetanica Rigid Sedge G4G5 SH X 

Carex trichocarpa Hairy-fruited Sedge G4 S2 

Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman Sedge G4 S1 E 

Carex venusta Dark Green Sedge G4 S2 T 

Carex vesicaria Inflated Sedge G5 S1 T 

Carex vestita Velvety Sedge G5 S2 T 

Carya laciniosa Big Shellbark Hickory G5 S1 E 

Cassia marilandica Maryland Senna G5 S3 

Castanea dentata American Chestnut G4 S2S3 

Castilleja coccinea Indian Paintbrush G5 S1 E 

Celtis laevigata Sugarberry G5 SU 

Centella erecta Coinleaf G5 S3 

Centrosema virginianum Spurred Butterfly-pea G5 S2 

Ceratophyllum echinatum Prickly Hornwort G4? S1 E 

Chamaecrista fasciculata var. macrosperma Marsh Wild Senna G5T3 S1 E 

Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White Cedar G4 S3 

Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf G5 S1 T 

Chamaelirium luteum Devil's-bit G5 S3 

Chamaesyce vermiculata Hairy Spurge G5 SH 

Chelone obliqua Red Turtlehead G4 S1 T 

Chenopodium gigantospermum Maple-leaved Goosefoot G5 S1 E 

Chenopodium leptophyllum Narrow-leaved Goosefoot G5 SX 

Chenopodium standleyanum Standley's Goosefoot G5 S1 E 

Chimaphila umbellata Prince's Pine G5 S3 

Chrysogonum virginianum Golden-knees G5 S3 

Cicuta bulbifera Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock G5 S1 E 

Cinna latifolia Slender Wood Reedgrass G5 S3 

Cirsium horridulum Yellow Thistle G5 S3 

Cirsium muticum Swamp Thistle G5 S3 

Claytonia caroliniana Carolina Spring-beauty G5 S3 

Cleistes divaricata Spreading Pogonia G4 S1 E 

Clematis occidentalis Purple Clematis G5 S1 E 

Clematis ochroleuca Curly-heads G4 SH X 

Clematis viorna Leatherflower G5 S3 

Clintonia alleghaniensis Harned's Swamp Clintonia G1Q S1 

Clintonia borealis Yellow Clintonia G5 S2 T 

Coeloglossum viride Long-bracted Orchis G5 S1 E 

Coelorachis rugosa Wrinkled Jointgrass G5 S1 E 

Commelina erecta Slender Dayflower G5 S3 

Coptis trifolia Goldthread G5 S1 E 

Corallorhiza trifida Early Coralroot G5 S1 E 

Corallorhiza wisteriana Wister's Coralroot G5 S1 E 

Coreopsis rosea Rose Coreopsis G3 S1 E 

Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed G5 S1 E 

Coreopsis verticillata Whorled Coreopsis G5 S3 

9




Cornus canadensis Bunchberry G5 S1 E 

Cornus rugosa Round-leaved Dogwood G5 S1 E 

Corydalis sempervirens Pale Corydalis G4G5 S3 

Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelwood G5 S3 

Crassula aquatica Pygmyweed G5 SH X 

Crotalaria rotundifolia Rabbit-bells G5 S1 E 

Croton capitatus Hogwort G5 SU 

Cuscuta coryli Hazel Dodder G5? SH X 

Cuscuta indecora Pretty Dodder G5 S1? 

Cuscuta polygonorum Smartweed Dodder G5 S1 E 

Cuscuta rostrata Beaked Dodder G4 S1 E 

Cymophyllus fraserianus Fraser's Sedge G4 S1 E 

Cyperus dentatus Toothed Sedge G4 SH X 

Cyperus diandrus Low Cyperus G5 SU 

Cyperus haspan Sheathed Flatsedge G5 S1? 

Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's Umbrella-sedge G4? S1 

Cyperus lancastriensis Lancaster's Sedge G5 SU 

Cyperus plukenetii Plukenet's Cyperus G5 SH X 

Cyperus refractus Reflexed Cyperus G5 S2? 

Cyperus retrofractus Rough Cyperus G5 S2 

Cypripedium candidum Small White Lady's Slipper G4 S1 E 

Cypripedium reginae Showy Lady's Slipper G4 SU X 

Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet Fern G5 S3 

Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fern G5 S1 

Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur G3 S1 E 

Delphinium tricorne Dwarf Larkspur G5 S3 

Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hairgrass G5 S1 E 

Desmodium canadense Showy Tick-trefoil G5 S3 

Desmodium cuspidatum Large-bracted Tick-trefoil G5 S1 

Desmodium humifusum Trailing Tick-trefoil G1G2Q SH X 

Desmodium laevigatum Smooth Tick-trefoil G5 S3S4 

Desmodium lineatum Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil G5 S1 E 

Desmodium nuttallii Nuttall's Tick-trefoil G5 SU 

Desmodium ochroleucum Cream-flowered Tick-trefoil G1G2 S1 E 

Desmodium pauciflorum Few-flowered Tick-trefoil G5 S1 E 

Desmodium rigidum Rigid Tick-trefoil GNRQ S1 E 

Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile-leaved Tick-trefoil G5 SH X 

Desmodium strictum Stiff Tick-trefoil G4 S1 E 

Desmodium viridiflorum Velvety Tick-trefoil G5? S3S4 

Dicentra eximia Wild Bleeding-heart G4 S2 T 

Dichanthelium aciculare Bristling Panicgrass G5 S2? 

Dichanthelium boreale Northern Panicgrass G5 SU X 

Dichanthelium laxiflorum Lax-flowered Witchgrass G5 S1? 

Dichanthelium leucothrix Roughish Panicgrass G4?Q SU 

Dichanthelium oligosanthes Few-flowered Panicgrass G5 S2S3 

Dichanthelium ravenelii Ravenel's Witchgrass G5 S3 

Dichanthelium scabriusculum Tall Swamp Panicgrass G4 S1 E 

Dichanthelium wrightianum Wright's Panicgrass G4 S1 E 

Digitaria villosa Shaggy Crabgrass G5 SU X 

Dioscorea hirticaulis Wild Yam G3Q SH 

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Diplazium pycnocarpon Glade Fern G5 S2 T 

Dirca palustris Leatherwood G4 S2 T 

Dodecatheon meadia Shooting-star G5 S3 

Doellingeria infirma Cornel-leaf Aster G5 S3 

Drosera capillaris Pink Sundew G5 S1 E 

Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundew G5 S3 

Dryopteris campyloptera Mountain Wood-fern G5 S1 E 

Dryopteris celsa Log Fern G4 S3 

Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton's Wood-fern G5 S1 E 

Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's Wood-fern G4 S2 

Echinodorus cordifolius Upright Burhead G5 S1 E 

Elatine americana American Waterwort G4 S3 

Elatine minima Small Waterwort G5 S1 E 

Eleocharis albida White Spikerush G4G5 S2 T 

Eleocharis compressa Flattened Spikerush G4 S1 E 

Eleocharis engelmannii Engelmann's Spikerush G4G5Q S3 

Eleocharis equisetoides Knotted Spikerush G4 S1 E 

Eleocharis erythropoda Bald Spikerush G5 SU 

Eleocharis geniculata Capitate Spikerush G5 SU 

Eleocharis halophila Salt-marsh Spikerush G4 S1 E 

Eleocharis intermedia Matted Spikerush G5 S1 E 

Eleocharis melanocarpa Black-fruited Spikerush G4 S1 E 

Eleocharis robbinsii Robbins' Spikerush G4G5 S1 E 

Eleocharis rostellata Beaked Spikerush G5 S2? 

Eleocharis tortilis Twisted Spikerush G5 S3 

Eleocharis tricostata Three-ribbed Spikerush G4 S1 E 

Elephantopus tomentosus Tobaccoweed G5 S1? E 

Epilobium ciliatum Northern Willowherb G5 S1 E 

Epilobium leptophyllum Linear-leaved Willowherb G5 S2S3 

Epilobium strictum Downy Willowherb G5? S1 E 

Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail G5 S1 E 

Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail G5 S1 E 

Eragrostis refracta Meadow Lovegrass G5 S3S4 

Erigenia bulbosa Harbinger-of-spring G5 S3 

Erigeron pulchellus var. brauniae Lucy Braun's Robin Plantain G5T4 S1 

Eriocaulon aquaticum Seven-angled Pipewort G5 S1 E 

Eriocaulon compressum Flattened Pipewort G5 S2 

Eriocaulon decangulare Ten-angled Pipewort G5 S2 

Eriocaulon parkeri Parker's Pipewort G3 S2 T 

Eriophorum gracile Slender Cottongrass G5 S1 E 

Eriophorum virginicum Tawny Cottongrass G5 S3 

Eryngium yuccifolium Tall Rattlesnake Master G5 SH X 

Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily G5 S2 T 

Eupatorium altissimum Tall Boneset G5 S3 

Eupatorium leucolepis White-bracted Boneset G5 S2S3 T 

Eupatorium maculatum Spotted Joe-pye-weed G5 SU X 

Euphorbia obtusata Blunt-leaved Spurge G5 S1 E 

Euphorbia pubentissima Flowering Spurge G5 SU 

Euphorbia purpurea Darlington's Spurge G3 S1 E 

Eurybia radula Rough-leaved Aster G5 S1 E 

11




Eurybia spectabilis Showy Aster G5 S1 E 

Festuca paradoxa Cluster Fescue G5 SU X 

Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie G4G5 S1 E 

Fimbristylis annua Baldwin's Fimbristylis G5 S3 

Fimbristylis caroliniana Carolina Fimbry G4 S1S2 

Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper's Fimbristylis G2 S2 E 

Fimbristylis puberula Hairy Fimbristylis G5 SU 

Fraxinus nigra Black Ash G5 S3 

Fuirena pumila Smooth Fuirena G4 S2S3 

Galactia volubilis Downy Milk Pea G5 S3 

Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw G5 S1 E 

Galium concinnum Shining Bedstraw G5 S3 

Galium hispidulum Coast Bedstraw G5 S1 E 

Galium latifolium Purple Bedstraw G5 S3 

Galium trifidum Small Bedstraw G5 SU 

Gaultheria hispidula Creeping Snowberry G5 S1 E 

Gaylussacia brachycera Box Huckleberry G3 S1 E 

Gentiana andrewsii Fringe-tip Closed Gentian G5? S2 T 

Gentiana linearis Narrow-leaved Gentian G4G5 S3 

Gentiana puberulenta Downy Gentian G4G5 SH X 

Gentiana villosa Striped Gentian G4 S1 E 

Gentianella quinquefolia Stiff Gentian G5 S1 E 

Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian G5 S1 E 

Geranium robertianum Herb-robert G5 S1 

Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens G5 S1 E 

Geum laciniatum Rough Avens G5 S3 

Glaux maritima Sea Milkwort G5 SH X 

Glyceria acutiflora Sharp-scaled Mannagrass G5 S1 E 

Glyceria grandis American Mannagrass G5 S1 E 

Goodyera repens Dwarf Rattlesnake-plantain G5 SH X 

Goodyera tesselata Tesselated Rattlesnake-plantain G5 SH X 

Gratiola ramosa Branching Hedge-hyssop G4G5 SH X 

Gratiola viscidula Short's Hedge-hyssop G4G5 S1 E 

Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern G5 S1 E 

Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffee-tree G5 S1 

Gymnopogon brevifolius Broad-leaved Beardgrass G5 S1 E 

Hasteola suaveolens Sweet-scented Indian-plantain G4 S1 E 

Helianthemum bicknellii Hoary Frostweed G5 S1 E 

Helianthus hirsutus Hirsute Sunflower G5 SU 

Helianthus laevigatus Smooth Sunflower G4 S1 E 

Helianthus microcephalus Small-headed Sunflower G5 S1 E 

Helianthus occidentalis Mcdowell's Sunflower G5 S1 T 

Helonias bullata Swamp Pink G3 S2 E LT 

Heracleum lanatum Cow-parsnip G5 S3 

Heuchera pubescens Downy Heuchera G4? S3 

Heuchera villosa Rough Heuchera G5 SH X 

Hexalectris spicata Crested Coralroot G5 SH X 

Hexastylis virginica Virginia Heartleaf G4 S1 E 

Hibiscus laevis Halberd-leaved Rose-mallow G5 S3 

Hierochloe odorata Holy Grass G5 S1 E 

12




Honckenya peploides Sea-beach Sandwort G5 S1 E 

Hottonia inflata Featherfoil G4 S1 E 

Houstonia serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Bluets G4? S3 

Houstonia tenuifolia Slender-leaved Bluets G4G5 S1 

Hudsonia ericoides Golden-heather G4 S1 E 

Huperzia porophila Rock Clubmoss G4 SX 

Hybanthus concolor Green Violet G5 S3 

Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal G4 S2 T 

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Large-leaved Waterleaf G5 S2 T 

Hypericum adpressum Creeping St. John's-wort G3 S1 E 

Hypericum denticulatum Coppery St. John's-wort G5 S2 T 

Hypericum drummondii Drummond's St. John's-wort G5 SH X 

Hypericum ellipticum Pale St. John's-wort G5 SU 

Hypericum gymnanthum Clasping-leaved St. John's-wort G4 S3 

Hypericum pyramidatum Great St. John's-wort G4 SH X 

Ilex decidua Deciduous Holly G5 S2 

Iresine rhizomatosa Bloodleaf G5 S1 E 

Iris cristata Crested Iris G5 S1 E 

Iris prismatica Slender Blue Flag G4G5 S1 E 

Iris verna Dwarf Iris G5 S1 E 

Iris virginica Virginia Blue Flag G5 S3 

Isoetes engelmannii Appalachian Quillwort G4 S3 

Isoetes riparia Riverbank Quillwort G5? SU 

Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia G2 SH X LT 

Juglans cinerea Butternut G4 S2S3 

Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush G5 S1 

Juncus balticus Baltic Rush G5 SH X 

Juncus brachycarpus Short-fruited Rush G4G5 SU 

Juncus brachycephalus Small-headed Rush G5 SH X 

Juncus brevicaudatus Narrow-panicled Rush G5 S2 

Juncus caesariensis New Jersey Rush G2 S1 E 

Juncus longii Long's Rush G3Q S1 E 

Juncus megacephalus Big-headed Rush G4G5 SH X 

Juncus militaris Bayonet Rush G4 SH X 

Juncus pelocarpus Brown-fruited Rush G5 S1 E 

Juncus torreyi Torrey's Rush G5 S1 E 

Juncus trifidus Highland Rush G5 S1 E 

Juniperus communis Juniper G5 SH X 

Kalmia angustifolia Sheep-laurel G5 S3S4 

Krigia biflora Two-flowered Cynthia G5 S3 

Krigia dandelion Potato Dandelion G5 S1 E 

Kyllinga pumila Thin-leaved Flatsedge G5 S1 E 

Lachnanthes caroliana Red-root G4 S1 E 

Lactuca hirsuta Hairy Lettuce G5? SH X 

Larix laricina Larch G5 S1 E 

Lathyrus palustris Vetchling Peavine G5 S1 E 

Lathyrus venosus Veiny Pea G5 S3 

Lechea maritima Beach Pinweed G5 S3 

Lechea tenuifolia Narrow-leaved Pinweed G5 SH X 

Leersia hexandra Club-headed Cutgrass G5 S1 E 

13




Leersia lenticularis Catchfly-grass G5 S1 E 

Lemna trisulca Star Duckweed G5 S1 E 

Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Long-awned Diplachne G5T5 SU 

Lespedeza frutescens Violet Bushclover G5 S3 

Lespedeza stuevei Downy Bushclover G4? S3 

Liatris spicata Spiked Blazing-star G5 S1 

Liatris squarrosa Scaly Blazing-star G5 S1 E 

Liatris turgida Robust Blazing-star G3 SH X 

Ligusticum canadense American Lovage G4 SH X 

Lilium philadelphicum Wood Lily G5 SH X 

Limnobium spongia American Frog's-bit G4 S1 E 

Limosella australis Mudwort G4G5 S2 E 

Linnaea borealis Twinflower G5 SU X 

Linum floridanum Florida Yellow Flax G5? SH X 

Linum intercursum Sandplain Flax G4 S2 T 

Linum sulcatum Grooved Flax G5 S1 E 

Liparis liliifolia Large Twayblade G5 S2S3 

Liparis loeselii Loesel's Twayblade G5 S1S2 

Lipocarpha micrantha Small-flowered Hemicarpha G5 S1 E 

Listera australis Southern Twayblade G4 S3 

Listera cordata Heartleaf Twayblade G5 SH X 

Listera smallii Appalachian Twayblade G4 S1 E 

Lithospermum latifolium American Gromwell G4 S1 E 

Litsea aestivalis Pondspice G3 S1 E 

Lobelia canbyi Canby's Lobelia G4 S1 E 

Lobelia elongata Elongated Lobelia G4G5 S3 

Lonicera canadensis Canada Honeysuckle G5 S1 E 

Ludwigia brevipes Creeping Ludwigia G2G3 SU 

Ludwigia decurrens Primrose Willow G5 S2S3 

Ludwigia glandulosa Cylindric-fruited Seedbox G5 S1 E 

Ludwigia hirtella Hairy Ludwigia G5 S1 E 

Lupinus perennis Wild Lupine G5 S2 T 

Lycopodiella caroliniana Carolina Clubmoss G5 S1 E 

Lycopodiella inundata Bog Clubmoss G5 S2 

Lycopodium tristachyum Ground-cedar G5 S3 

Lycopus amplectens Sessile-leaved Water-horehound G5 S1 E 

Lygodium palmatum Climbing Fern G4 S2 T 

Lysimachia hybrida Lowland Loosestrife G5 S2 T 

Lysimachia lanceolata Lance-leaved Loosestrife G5 S3 

Lysimachia thyrsiflora Tufted Loosestrife G5 S1 E 

Lythrum alatum Winged Loosestrife G5 S1 E 

Magnolia tripetala Umbrella Magnolia G5 S3 

Malus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Wild Crab G5? S3 

Manfreda virginica False Aloe G5 SU 

Marshallia grandiflora Large-flowered Barbara's Buttons G2 SU X 

Matelea carolinensis Anglepod G4 S1 E 

Matelea decipiens Old-field Milkvine G5 SH X 

Matelea gonocarpos Angular-fruited Milkvine G5 S1? 

Matelea obliqua Climbing Milkweed G4? S1 E 

Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern G5 S2 

14




Mecardonia acuminata Erect Water-hyssop G5 S1 E 

Melanthium latifolium Broad-leaved Bunchflower G5 S1 E 

Melanthium virginicum Virginia Bunchflower G5 S3 

Melica mutica Two-flowered Melicgrass G5 S1 T 

Melica nitens Three-flowered Melicgrass G5 S2 T 

Melothria pendula Creeping Cucumber G5? S1 E 

Menyanthes trifoliata Buckbean G5 S1 E 

Micranthemum micranthemoides Nuttall's Micranthemum GH SH X 

Milium effusum Millet Grass G5 S3 

Minuartia caroliniana Carolina Sandwort G5 S1 E 

Minuartia glabra Mountain Sandwort G4 S1 E 

Minuartia michauxii Rock Sandwort G5 S2 T 

Moehringia lateriflora Grove Sandwort G5 S1 E 

Monarda clinopodia Basal Bee-balm G5 S3 

Monarda media Purple Bergamot G4? SU 

Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap G3 S1 E 

Morella caroliniensis Evergreen Bayberry G5 S1 E 

Muhlenbergia capillaris Long-awned Hairgrass G5 S1 E 

Muhlenbergia glabrifloris Hair Grass G4? SU 

Muhlenbergia glomerata Marsh Muhly G5 SU 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica Woodland Dropseed G5 S3 

Muhlenbergia torreyana Torrey's Dropseed G3 S1 E 

Myosotis macrosperma Large-seeded Forget-me-not G5 S2S3 

Myosotis verna Spring Forget-me-not G5 S3 

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Broadleaf Water-milfoil G5 S1 

Myriophyllum tenellum Slender Water-milfoil G5 SH X 

Myriophyllum verticillatum Whorled Water-milfoil G5 SU 

Najas flexilis Slender Naiad G5 S3 

Najas gracillima Thread-like Naiad G5? SU X 

Najas guadalupensis Southern Naiad G5 S3 

Napaea dioica Glade Mallow G4 S1 E 

Nelumbo lutea American Lotus G4 S2 

Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly G5 S3 

Nemophila aphylla Small-flowered Baby-blue-eyes G5 S1 

Nymphoides aquatica Larger Floating-heart G5 S1 E 

Nymphoides cordata Floating-heart G5 S1 E 

Oenothera argillicola Shale-barren Primrose G3G4 S3 

Oldenlandia uniflora Clustered Bluets G5 S3 

Oligoneuron rigidum Hard-leaved Goldenrod G5 SH X 

Onosmodium molle Shaggy False-gromwell G4G5 S1 E 

Onosmodium virginianum Virginia False-gromwell G4 S1 E 

Orthilia secunda One-sided Pyrola G5 SH X 

Oryzopsis asperifolia White-fruited Mountainrice G5 S2 T 

Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood G5 S1 E 

Oxypolis canbyi Canby's Dropwort G2 S1 E LE 

Packera antennariifolia Shale-barren Ragwort G4 S3 

Packera paupercula Balsam Ragwort G5 S3 

Panax quinquefolius Ginseng G3G4 S3 

Panicum flexile Wiry Witch-grass G5 S1 E 

Panicum hemitomon Maidencane G5? S3 

15




Panicum philadelphicum Tuckerman's Panicgrass G5 SU 

Parnassia asarifolia Kidneyleaf Grass-of-parnassus G4 S1 E 

Paronychia virginica var. virginica Yellow Nailwort G4T1Q S1 E 

Parthenium integrifolium American Feverfew G5 S1 E 

Paspalum dissectum Walter's Paspalum G4? S2 T 

Paspalum fluitans Floating Paspalum G5 S1 E 

Paxistima canbyi Canby's Mountain Lover G2 S1 E 

Pedicularis lanceolata Swamp Lousewort G5 S1 E 

Pellaea glabella Smooth Cliffbrake G5 S1 E 

Penstemon laevigatus Smooth Beardtongue G5 S3 

Persea palustris Red Bay G5 S1 E 

Phacelia covillei Coville's Phacelia G3 S2 E 

Phacelia purshii Miami-mist G5 S3 

Phalaris caroliniana May Grass G5? SH X 

Phaseolus polystachios Wild Bean G5 S3 

Phegopteris connectilis Northern Beech Fern G5 S2 

Phlox glaberrima Smooth Phlox G5 S1 E 

Phlox latifolia Mountain Phlox G4 SH X 

Phlox pilosa Downy Phlox G5 S1 E 

Photinia floribunda Purple Chokeberry G4G5Q S3 

Phyllanthus caroliniensis Carolina Leaf-flower G5 S3 

Physalis virginiana Virginia Ground-cherry G5 S3 

Picea rubens Red Spruce G5 S3 

Pilea fontana Coolwort G5 S3 

Piptatherum racemosum Black-fruited Mountainrice G5 S2 T 

Plantago cordata Heart-leaved Plantain G4 SH X 

Plantago pusilla Slender Plantain G5 SH X 

Platanthera blephariglottis White Fringed Orchid G4G5 S2 T 

Platanthera ciliaris Yellow Fringed Orchid G5 S2 T 

Platanthera cristata Crested Yellow Orchid G5 S3 

Platanthera flava Pale Green Orchid G4 S2 

Platanthera grandiflora Large Purple Fringed Orchid G5 S2 T 

Platanthera peramoena Purple Fringeless Orchid G5 S1 T 

Platanthera psycodes Small Purple Fringed Orchid G5 SH X 

Pleopeltis polypodioides Resurrection Fern G5 S3 

Pluchea camphorata Marsh Fleabane G5 S1 E 

Poa alsodes Grove Meadow-grass G4G5 S2 

Poa languida Weak Speargrass G3G4Q SU 

Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass G5 SH 

Poa saltuensis Drooping Bluegrass G5 S1 E 

Podostemum ceratophyllum Threadfoot G5 S3 

Pogonia ophioglossoides Rose Pogonia G5 S3 

Polanisia dodecandra Clammyweed G5 S1 E 

Polemonium vanbruntiae Jacob's-ladder G3G4 S2 T 

Polygala cruciata Cross-leaved Milkwort G5 S2 T 

Polygala incarnata Pink Milkwort G5 S2S3 

Polygala polygama Racemed Milkwort G5 S1 T 

Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot G4G5 S2 T 

Polygonum careyi Carey's Knotweed G4 SU 

Polygonum cilinode Fringed Bindweed G5 S3 

16




Polygonum glaucum Seaside Knotweed G3 S1 E 

Polygonum ramosissimum Bushy Knotweed G5 SH X 

Polygonum robustius Stout Smartweed G4G5 SU X 

Polygonum setaceum Bristly Smartweed G5 SU 

Porteranthus stipulatus American Ipecac G5 SH X 

Potamogeton amplifolius Large-leaved Pondweed G5 SH X 

Potamogeton foliosus Leafy Pondweed G5 S1 E 

Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois Pondweed G5 S1 

Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed G5 SU 

Potamogeton perfoliatus Clasping-leaved Pondweed G5 S2 

Potamogeton pusillus Slender Pondweed G5 S1 

Potamogeton richardsonii Redheadgrass G5 SH X 

Potamogeton robbinsii Robbins' Pondweed G5 SH X 

Potamogeton spirillus Spiral Pondweed G5 S1 

Potamogeton zosteriformis Flatstem Pondweed G5 S1 E 

Potentilla arguta Tall Cinquefoil G5 SU 

Prenanthes autumnalis Slender Rattlesnake-root G4G5 S1 E 

Prunus alleghaniensis Alleghany Plum G4 S2 T 

Prunus maritima Beach Plum G4 S1 E 

Prunus pumila Eastern Dwarf Cherry G5 SU 

Psoralea psoralioides False Scurf-pea G4? SX 

Ptelea trifoliata Wafer-ash G5 S3 

Ptilimnium nodosum Harperella G2 S1 E LE 

Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Basil Mountain-mint G2 SH 

Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides Southern Mountain-mint G5 SH X 

Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's Mountain-mint G2 S1 E 

Pycnanthemum verticillatum Whorled Mountain-mint G5 S1 E 

Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia Mountain-mint G5 S2 

Pyrola virens Greenish-flowered Pyrola G5 SH X 

Quercus macrocarpa Mossy-cup Oak G5 S1 

Quercus prinoides Dwarf Chestnut Oak G5 S3 

Quercus shumardii Shumard's Oak G5 S2 T 

Ranunculus allegheniensis Mountain Crowfoot G4G5 S3 

Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort G4 SH X 

Ranunculus carolinianus Carolina Buttercup G5T5 SU X 

Ranunculus fascicularis Early Buttercup G5 S1 E 

Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow Water-crowfoot G5 S1 E 

Ranunculus hederaceus Long-stalked Crowfoot G5 S1 E 

Ranunculus laxicaulis Mississippi Buttercup G5? SU 

Ranunculus pensylvanicus Bristly Crowfoot G5 SH X 

Ranunculus pusillus Low Spearwort G5 SU 

Ranunculus trichophyllus White Water-crowfoot G5 S1 E 

Rhododendron arborescens Smooth Azalea G4G5 S3 

Rhododendron calendulaceum Flame Azalea G5 S1 

Rhododendron canescens Hoary Azalea G5 SU 

Rhynchosia tomentosa Hairy Snoutbean G5 S2 T 

Rhynchospora alba White Beakrush G5 S3 

Rhynchospora cephalantha Capitate Beakrush G5 S1 E 

Rhynchospora globularis Grass-like Beakrush G5? S1 E 

Rhynchospora glomerata Clustered Beakrush G5 S3 

17




Rhynchospora harperi Harper's Beakrush G4? S1 T 

Rhynchospora inundata Drowned Hornedrush G4? S1 E 

Rhynchospora microcephala Tiny-headed Beakrush G5 S2 

Rhynchospora nitens Short-beaked Baldrush G4? S1 E 

Rhynchospora oligantha Few-flowered Beaked-rush G4 SH X 

Rhynchospora pallida Pale Beakrush G3 SH X 

Rhynchospora rariflora Few-flowered Beakrush G5 SU X 

Rhynchospora recognita Globe Beaksedge G5? S2 

Rhynchospora scirpoides Long-beaked Baldrush G4 S2 T 

Rhynchospora torreyana Torrey's Beakrush G4 S2 T 

Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant G5 SH X 

Ribes cynosbati Prickly Gooseberry G5 S3 

Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant G5 S3 

Ribes hirtellum Low Wild Gooseberry G5 S1 

Rosa blanda Smooth Rose G5 S1 E 

Rudbeckia fulgida Orange Coneflower G5 S3 

Rudbeckia triloba Thin-leaved Coneflower G5 S3 

Ruellia humilis Hairy Wild-petunia G5 S1 E 

Ruellia purshiana Pursh's Ruellia G3 S1 E 

Ruellia strepens Rustling Wild-petunia G4G5 S1 E 

Rumex altissimus Tall Dock G5 S1 E 

Rumex hastatulus Engelmann's Dock G5 SU 

Sabatia campanulata Slender Marsh Pink G5 S1 E 

Sabatia difformis Lance-leaved Sabatia G4G5 S1 E 

Sabatia dodecandra Large Marsh Pink G5? S3 

Saccharum alopecuroidum Woolly Beardgrass G5 S1? 

Saccharum baldwinii Narrow Plumegrass G5 S1 E 

Saccharum contortum Bent-awn Plumegrass G5 S3S4 

Sacciolepis striata Sacciolepis G5 S1 E 

Sagittaria australis Long-beaked Arrowhead GNRQ SU 

Sagittaria calycina Spongy Lophotocarpus G5 S2 

Sagittaria engelmanniana Engelmann's Arrowhead G5? S2 T 

Sagittaria graminea Grass-leaved Arrowhead G5 SU 

Sagittaria rigida Sessile-fruited Arrowhead G5 S1 E 

Sagittaria subulata Subulate Arrowhead G4 SU 

Salix bebbiana Bebb's Willow G5 SH X 

Salix caroliniana Carolina Willow G5 S3 

Salix discolor Pussy Willow G5 SU 

Salix exigua Sandbar Willow G5 S1 E 

Salix humilis var. tristis Dwarf Prairie Willow G5T4T5 S1 

Salix lucida Shining Willow G5 SH X 

Salvia urticifolia Nettle-leaved Sage G5 SX X 

Sanguisorba canadensis Canada Burnet G5 S2 T 

Sanicula marilandica Sanicle G5 S3 

Sanicula trifoliata Three-leaved Snakeroot G4 S3 

Sarracenia purpurea Northern Pitcher-plant G5 S2 T 

Saxifraga micranthidifolia Lettuce-leaved Saxifrage G5 S3 

Schizachne purpurascens Purple Oat G5 S1 E 

Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Canby's Bulrush G3G4 S1 E 

Schoenoplectus novae-angliae Salt-marsh Bulrush G5 S2 

18




Schoenoplectus smithii Smith's Clubrush G5? SU X 

Schoenoplectus subterminalis Water Clubrush G4G5 S1 E 

Schoenoplectus torreyi Torrey's Clubrush G5? SH X 

Schwalbea americana Chaffseed G2G3 SX X LE 

Scirpus ancistrochaetus Northeastern Bulrush G3 S1 E LE 

Scirpus expansus Wood Bulrush G4 S3 

Scirpus pendulus Pendulous Bulrush G5 S3 

Scleria minor Slender Nutrush G4 S1 E 

Scleria muehlenbergii Muhelenberg's Nutrush G5 S1S2 

Scleria nitida Shining Nutrush GNR S1 E 

Scleria pauciflora Papillose Nutrush G5 S3 

Scleria reticularis Reticulated Nutrush G4 S2S3 

Scleria triglomerata Tall Nutrush G5 S1S2 

Scleria verticillata Whorled Nutrush G5 S1 E 

Sclerolepis uniflora Pink Bog-button G4 S2 T 

Scrophularia lanceolata Hare Figwort G5 S3 

Scutellaria galericulata Common Skullcap G5 S1 

Scutellaria incana Downy Skullcap G5 S3 

Scutellaria leonardii Leonard's Skullcap G4 S2 T 

Scutellaria nervosa Veined Skullcap G5 S1 E 

Scutellaria ovata Heart-leaved Skullcap G5 S3 

Scutellaria parvula Small Skullcap G4 SH X 

Scutellaria saxatilis Rock Skullcap G3 S1 E 

Scutellaria serrata Showy Skullcap G4G5 S3 

Sedum glaucophyllum Cliff Stonecrop G4 S1 E 

Sesuvium maritimum Sea-purslane G5 S1 E 

Sida hermaphrodita Virginia Mallow G3 S1 E 

Silene nivea Snowy Campion G4? S1 E 

Silphium trifoliatum Three-leaved Rosinweed G4? S3 

Sisyrinchium fuscatum (arenicola) Coastal Plain Blue-eyed Grass G5? S1 E 

Smilacina stellata Star-flowered False Solomon's-seal G5 S1 E 

Smilax bona-nox Bullbrier G5 S3 

Smilax ecirrata Upright Smilax G5? SU 

Smilax pseudochina Halberd-leaved Greenbrier G4G5 S2 T 

Solidago arguta var. arguta Late Goldenrod G5T4T5 S1? 

Solidago arguta var. harrisii Cut-leaved Goldenrod G5T4 S3 

Solidago curtisii Curtis' Goldenrod G4G5 S1 E 

Solidago hispida Hairy Goldenrod G5 SH X 

Solidago latissimifolia Elliott's Goldenrod G5 S3 

Solidago patula Sharp-leaved Goldenrod G5 S3 

Solidago roanensis Mountain Goldenrod G4G5 S1? E 

Solidago rupestris Rock Goldenrod G4? SH X 

Solidago simplex var. racemosa Riverbank Goldenrod G5T3? S1 T 

Solidago speciosa Showy Goldenrod G5 S2 T 

Solidago stricta Wandlike Goldenrod G5 SU 

Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod G4G5 S3 

Sorbus americana American Mountain-ash G5 S3 

Sorghastrum elliottii Long-bristled Indian-grass G5 S1 E 

Sparganium androcladum Branching Bur-reed G4G5 S3 

Sparganium erectum Green-fruited Bur-reed G5 S3 

19




Sparganium eurycarpum Broad-fruited Bur-reed G5 S3 

Spermacoce glabra Buttonweed G4G5 S1 E 

Sphenopholis pensylvanica Swamp-oats G4 S2 T 

Spiraea betulifolia Corymbed Spiraea G5 S3 

Spiranthes laciniata Lace-lip Ladys' Tresses G4G5 SU 

Spiranthes lucida Wide-leaved Ladys' Tresses G5 S1 E 

Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow Nodding Ladys' Tresses G4 S1 E 

Spiranthes odorata Sweet-scented Ladys' Tresses G5 SH X 

Spiranthes praecox Grass-leaved Ladys' Tresses G5 S1 

Spiranthes tuberosa Little Ladys' Tresses G5 S3 

Sporobolus asper Long-leaved Rushgrass G5 S1 

Sporobolus clandestinus Rough Rushgrass G5 S2 T 

Sporobolus heterolepis Northern Dropseed G5 S1 E 

Sporobolus neglectus Small Rushgrass G5 S1? X 

Stachys aspera Rough Hedge-nettle G4? S1 E 

Stachys hyssopifolia Hyssop-leaved Hedge-nettle G4G5 SU 

Stachys latidens Broad-toothed Hedge-nettle G4G5 S1 

Stachys nuttallii Nuttall's Hedge-nettle G5? S1 

Stellaria alsine Trailing Stitchwort G5 S1 E 

Stenanthium gramineum Featherbells G4G5 S1 T 

Stenanthium leimanthoides Death-camas G4Q S1 

Streptopus roseus Rose Twisted-stalk G5 S1S2 T 

Suaeda linearis Tall Sea-blite G5 S3 

Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry G5 S1 T 

Symphyotrichum concolor Silvery Aster G5 S1 E 

Symphyotrichum depauperatum Serpentine Aster G2 S1 E 

Symphyotrichum drummondii Drummond Aster G5 S1 

Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Steele's Aster G5T4 SH X 

Symphyotrichum praealtum Willow Aster G5 S1 

Symphyotrichum shortii Short's Aster G5 S3 

Symplocos tinctoria Sweetleaf G5 S3 

Taenidia montana Mountain Pimpernel G3 S2 T 

Talinum teretifolium Fameflower G4 S1 T 

Taxus canadensis American Yew G5 S2 T 

Tephrosia spicata Southern Goat's Rue G4G5 S1 E 

Thaspium trifoliatum Purple Meadow-parsnip G5 S1 E 

Thelypteris simulata Bog Fern G4G5 S2 T 

Thuja occidentalis Arbor-vitae G5 S1 T 

Tillandsia usneoides Spanish Moss G5 SX 

Tofieldia racemosa Coastal False Asphodel G5 SX X 

Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Pale Mannagrass G5T5? S3 

Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii Fernald's Mannagrass G5T4Q S1 

Trachelospermum difforme Climbing Dogbane G4G5 S1 E 

Trautvetteria caroliniensis Carolina Tassel-rue G5 S3 

Triadenum tubulosum Large Marsh St. John's-wort G4? S1 

Trichophorum planifolium Bashful Bulrush G4G5 S2S3 

Trichostema brachiatum False Pennyroyal G5 S3 

Trichostema setaceum Narrow-leaved Bluecurls G5 S1 

Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Chapman's Redtop G5T3 S1 

Trifolium reflexum Buffalo Clover G3G4 SH X 

20




Trifolium virginicum Kate's-mountain Clover G3 S2S3 T 

Triglochin striata Three-ribbed Arrow-grass G5 S1 E 

Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium G5 S3 

Trillium flexipes Drooping Trillium G5 S1 E 

Trillium nivale Snow Trillium G4 S1 E 

Trillium pusillum (var. virginianum) Dwarf Trillium G3T2 S2 T 

Triosteum angustifolium Narrow-leaved Horse-gentian G5 S1 E 

Triphora trianthophora Nodding Pogonia G3G4 S1 E 

Typha domingensis Southern Cattail G4G5 S3 

Utricularia cornuta Horned Bladderwort G5 SH 

Utricularia inflata Swollen Bladderwort G5 S1 E 

Utricularia purpurea Purple Bladderwort G5 S1 T 

Utricularia resupinata Reversed Bladderwort G4 S1 E 

Utricularia striata Fibrous Bladderwort G4G5 S1 E 

Utricularia subulata Zig-zag Bladderwort G5 S3 

Uvularia grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort G5 S1 

Vaccinium macrocarpon Large Cranberry G4 S3 

Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf Blueberry G5 S3 

Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry G5 S2 T 

Valeriana pauciflora Valerian G4 S1 E 

Valerianella chenopodiifolia Goose-foot Cornsalad G5 S1 E 

Valerianella umbilicata Tall Cornsalad G3G5 SH X 

Vernonia gigantea Giant Ironweed G5 SU 

Veronica scutellata Marsh Speedwell G5 S1 E 

Viburnum lentago Nannyberry G5 S1 

Vicia americana Purple Vetch G5 SU X 

Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Blue Violet G3 S2 

Viola blanda var. palustriformis Large-leaved White Violet G4G5T4T5 S1 

Viola rostrata Long-spurred Violet G5 S3 

Viola septentrionalis Northern Blue Violet G5 SU 

Vitis cinerea Graybark G4G5 SU 

Vitis novae-angliae New England Grape G4G5Q SH X 

Vitis rupestris Sand Grape G3 S1 

Wolffia columbiana Columbian Water-meal G5 S3 

Wolffia papulifera Water-meal G4 S2 

Wolffia punctata Dotted Water-meal G5 S2 

Wolffiella floridana Wolffiella G5 SH X 

Woodsia ilvensis Rusty Woodsia G5 S1 T 

Xyris fimbriata Fringed Yelloweyed-grass G5 S1 E 

Xyris smalliana Small's Yelloweyed-grass G5 S1 E 

Zanthoxylum americanum Northern Prickly-ash G5 S1 E 

Zephyranthes atamasca Atamasco Lily G4G5 S1 E 

Zizaniopsis miliacea Southern Wildrice G5 S1 E 

Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders G5 S3 

21

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland 

APPENDIX I 

CHANGES TO STATE RANKS AND STATUSES SINCE LAST 

PUBLISHED LIST (November 2007) 

Current Former State Former 

Scientific Name Common Name Rank Rank Status Status 

Agalinis fasciculata Fascicled Gerardia SH S1 - E 

Amelanchier obovalis Coastal Juneberry S4 SR 

Aristida curtissii Curtiss' Three-awn S4 SU 

Axonopus furcatus Big Carpet Grass S2? SU - X 

Azolla caroliniana Mosquito Fern SE SU 

Bidens discoidea Swamp Beggar-ticks S4 S3 

Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome S1? SU - X 

Bromus nottowayanus Nottoway's Brome S1S2 SU - X 

Chimaphila umbellata Prince's Pine S3 S1? 

Desmodium cuspidatum Large-bracted Tick-trefoil S1 SU 

Dichanthelium aciculare Bristling Panicgrass S2? SU 

Dichanthelium laxiflorum Lax-flowered Witchgrass S1? SU 

Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton’s Wood-fern S1 S1 E - 

Eleocharis fallax Creeping Spikerush SRF S3 

Eleocharis flavescens Pale Spikerush SRF S1 

Fraxinus profunda Pumpkin Ash S4 S2S3 

Juncus polycephalus Many-headed Rush SR SU 

Liparis liliifolia Large Twayblade S2S3 NEW 

Liparis loeselii Loesel's Twayblade S1S2 S3 

Lobelia glandulosa Glandular Lobelia SRF SU - X 

Passiflora incarnata Purple Passionflower SE SU 

Phacelia covillei Coville's Phacelia S2 S1 E 

Platanthera psycodes Small Purple Fringed Orchid SH SU X X 

Polygonum densiflorum Dense-flowered Knotweed SNA S1? - E 

Polygonum robustius Stout Smartweed SU S1? X X 

Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Basil Mountain-mint SH S1S2 

Ranunculus carolinianus Carolina Buttercup SU S1? X X 

Ranunculus hederaceus Long-stalked Crowfoot S1 S1 E X 

Rhynchospora microcephala Tiny-headed Beakrush S2 S2S3 

Rhynchospora rariflora Few-flowered Beakrush SU S1 X X 

Rhynchospora recognita Globe Beaksedge S2 NEW 

Scleria muehlenbergii Muhelenberg's Nutrush S1S2 NEW 

Scleria reticularis Reticulated Nutrush S2S3 S2 

Solidago rupestris Rock Goldenrod SH S1 X X 

Stenanthium leimanthoides Death-camas S1 NEW 

Symphyotrichum lowrieanum Lowrie's Aster S5 S3 

Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Pale Mannagrass S3 S1S2 - E 

22


APPENDIX II 

CROSS REFERENCE OF PLANT SYNONYM NAMES 

Synonym Name Current Name 

Agalinis decemloba Agalinis obtusifolia 

Agalinis virgata Agalinis fasciculata 

Agave virginica Manfreda virginica 

Agropyron trachycaulum Elymus trachycaulus 

Amelanchier spicata Amelanchier stolonifera 

Ammannia teres Ammannia latifolia 

Anemone virginiana var riparia Anemone riparia 

Arabis perstellata var shortii Arabis shortii 

Arctostaphylos alpina Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 

Arctostaphylos rubra Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 

Arenaria caroliniana Minuartia caroliniana 

Arenaria groenlandica var glabra Minuartia glabra 

Arenaria lateriflora Moehringia lateriflora 

Arenaria peploides Honckenya peploides 

Arenaria stricta Minuartia michauxii 

Aristida purpurascens var virgata Aristida virgata 

Aristolochia durior Aristolochia macrophylla 

Armoracia aquatica Armoracia lacustris 

Arnoglossum muehlenbergii Cacalia muehlenbergii 

Aronia prunifolia Photinia floribunda 

Asarum virginicum Hexastylis virginica 

Asplenium cryptolepis Asplenium ruta-muraria 

Aster concinnus Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum 

Aster concolor Symphyotrichum concolor 

Aster depauperatus Symphyotrichum depauperatum 

Aster drummondii Symphyotrichum drummondii 

Aster infirums Doellingeria infirma 

Aster laevis var. concinnus Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum 

Aster nemoralis Oclemena nemoralis 

Aster praealtus Symphyotrichum praealtum 

Aster radula Eurybia radula 

Aster shortii Symphyotrichum shortii 

Aster spectabilis Eurybia spectabilis 

Aster steeleorum Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum 

Athyrium pycnocarpon Diplazium pycnocarpon 

Bacopa acuminata Mecardonia acuminata 

Bacopa stragula Bacopa innominata 

Botrychium dissectum forma oneidense Botrychium oneidense 

Botrychium lanceolatum Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum 

Cacalia suaveolens Hasteola suaveolens 

Calopogon pulchellus Calopogon tuberosus 

Carex amphibola var. amphibolia Fernald Carex planispicata 

Carex aquatilis var substricta Carex aquatilis 

Carex brevior, in part. Carex molesta 

Carex cephalantha Carex echinata 

23


Synonym Name 

APPENDIX II 

Current Name 

Carex copulata Carex laxiculmis var. copulata 

Carex crinita var. mitchelliana Carex mitchelliana 

Carex filiformis Carex lasiocarpa 

Carex lanuginosa Carex pellita 

Carex pensylvanica var. distans Carex lucorum 

Carex ritchii Carex straminea 

Cassia fasciculata var macrosperma Chamaecrista fasciculata var. macrosperma 

Centunculus minimus Anagallis minima 

Ceratophyllum echinatum Ceratophyllum echinatum 

Chenopodium hybridum var gigantospermum Chenopodium gigantospermum 

Chenopodium hybridum var standleyanum Chenopodium standleyanum 

Cimicifuga americana Actaea podocarpa 

Clematis verticillaris Clematis occidentalis 

Convolvulus spithamaeus Calystegia spithamaea 

Coptis groenlandica Coptis trifolia 

Cymophyllus fraseri Cymophyllus fraserianus 

Cyperus aristatus Cyperus squarrosus 

Cyperus inflexus Cyperus squarrosus 

Cyperus tenuifolius Kyllinga pumila 

Dichanthelium aciculare var. aciculare Dichanthelium aciculare 

Digitaria filiformis var villosa Digitaria villosa 

Dioscorea villosa var hirticaulis Dioscorea hirticaulis 

Diplachne fascicularis Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis 

Dryopteris cristata var clintoniana Dryopteris clintoniana 

Dryopteris disjuncta Gymnocarpium dryopteris 

Dryopteris spinulosa var americana Dryopteris campyloptera 

Eleocharis calva Eleocharis erythropoda 

Epilobium glandulosum var adenocaulon Epilobium ciliatum 

Eragrostis virginica Eragrostis refracta 

Erianthus alopecuroides Saccharum alopecuroidum 

Erianthus contortus Saccharum contortum 

Erianthus strictus Saccharum baldwinii 

Eriocaulon septangulare Eriocaulon aquaticum 

Eupatoriadelphus maculatus Eupatorium maculatum 

Euphorbia vermiculata Chamaesyce vermiculata 

Euthamia minor Euthamia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia 

Festuca shortii Festuca paradoxa 

Fimbristylis baldwiniana Fimbristylis annua 

Galax urceolata Galax aphylla 

Gentiana crinita Gentianopsis crinita 

Gentiana puberula Gentiana puberulenta 

Gentiana quinquefolia Gentianella quinquefolia 

Gerardia auriculata Agalinis auriculata 

Gerardia laevigata Aureolaria laevigata 

Gillenia stipulata Porteranthus stipulatus 

Glyceria fernaldii Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii 

Glyceria pallida Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida 

Habenaria blephariglottis Platanthera blephariglottis 

Habenaria ciliaris Platanthera ciliaris 

Habenaria cristata Platanthera cristata 

24

Synonym Name 


APPENDIX II 

25 

Current Name 

Habenaria fimbriata Platanthera grandiflora 

Habenaria flava Platanthera flava 

Habenaria grandiflora Platanthera grandiflora 

Habenaria peramoena Platanthera peramoena 

Habenaria psycodes Platanthera psycodes 

Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora Platanthera grandiflora 

Habenaria viridis var bracteata Coeloglossum viride 

Hedyotis michauxii Houstonia serpyllifolia 

Hedyotis uniflora Oldenlandia uniflora 

Hemicarpha micrantha Lipocarpha micrantha 

Heracleum maximum Heracleum lanatum 

Hibiscus militaris Hibiscus laevis 

Hypericum ascyron Hypericum pyramidatum 

Hypericum tubulosum Triadenum tubulosum 

Isanthus brachiatus Trichostema brachiatum 

Jussiaea decurrens Ludwigia decurrens 

Lachnanthes caroliniana Lachnanthes caroliana 

Leptochloa fascicularis Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis 

Limosella subulata Limosella australis 

Lophotocarpus calycina Sagittaria calycina 

Lycopodium carolinianum Lycopodiella caroliniana 

Lycopodium inundatum Lycopodiella inundata 

Lycopodium porophilum Huperzia porophila 

Maianthemum stellatum Smilacina stellata 

Manisuris rugosa Coelorachis rugosa 

Melanthium hybridum Melanthium latifolium 

Myrica heterophylla Morella caroliniensis 

Nemophila microcalyx Nemophila aphylla 

Nymphaea tuberosa Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa 

Onosmodium hispidissimum Onosmodium molle 

Orbexilum pedunculatum var psoralioides Psoralea psoralioides 

Oryzopsis racemosa Piptatherum racemosum 

Pachistima canbyi Paxistima canbyi 

Panicum aciculare Dichanthelium aciculare 

Panicum angustifolium Dichanthelium aciculare 

Panicum boreale Dichanthelium boreale 

Panicum ensifolium Dichanthelium dichotomum var. ensifolium 

Panicum laxiflorum Dichanthelium laxiflorum 

Panicum leucothrix Dichanthelium leucothrix 

Panicum oligosanthes Dichanthelium oligosanthes 

Panicum ravenelii Dichanthelium ravenelii 

Panicum scabriusculum Dichanthelium scabriusculum 

Panicum tuckermanii Panicum philadelphicum 

Panicum wrightianum Dichanthelium wrightianum 

Persea borbonia Persea palustris 

Phlox ovata Phlox latifolia 

Polemonium van-bruntiae Polemonium vanbruntiae 

Polygonum opelousanum Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum

Synonym Name 


APPENDIX II 

26 

Current Name 

Polypodium polypodioides Pleopeltis polypodioides 

Pseudotaenidia montana Taenidia montana 

Psilocarya nitens Rhynchospora nitens 

Psilocarya scirpoides Rhynchospora scirpoides 

Pteretis pensylvanica Matteuccia struthiopteris 

Ptilimnium fluviatile Ptilimnium nodosum 

Puccinellia fernaldii Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii 

Puccinellia pallida Torreyochloa pallida 

Pyrola chlorantha Pyrola virens 

Pyrola secunda Orthilia secunda 

Ranunculus aquatilis Ranunculus trichophyllus 

Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus Ranunculus carolinianus 

Rhynchospora globularis (in part) Rhynchospora recognita 

Rhynchospora globularis var. recognita Rhynchospora recognita 

Rumex floridanus Rumex verticillatus 

Saccharum alopecuroides Saccharum alopecuroidum 

Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum Saccharum contortum 

Sagittaria longirostra Sagittaria australis 

Sagittaria spathulata Sagittaria calycina 

Salix humilis Salix humilis var. tristis 

Salix humilis var microphylla Salix humilis var. tristis 

Salix interior Salix exigua 

Scirpus acutus Schoenoplectus acutus 

Scirpus cylindricus Schoenoplectus novae-angliae 

Scirpus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus etuberculatus 

Scirpus maritimus var fernaldi Schoenoplectus novae-angliae 

Scirpus smithii Schoenoplectus smithii 

Scirpus subterminalis Schoenoplectus subterminalis 

Scirpus torreyi Schoenoplectus torreyi 

Scirpus verecundus Trichophorum planifolium 

Scleria reticularis (in part) Scleria muehlenbergii 

Scleria reticularis var. pubescens Scleria muehlenbergii 

Scutellaria epilobiifolia Scutellaria galericulata 

Scutellaria parvula var leonardii Scutellaria leonardii 

Senecio antennarifolius Packera antennariifolia 

Senecio pauperculus Packera paupercula 

Senna marilandica Cassia marilandica 

Silphium asteriscus Silphium trifoliatum 

Sisyrinchium arenicola Sisyrinchium fuscatum 

Smilax tamnifolia Smilax pseudochina 

Solidago elliottii Solidago latissimifolia 

Solidago microcephala Euthamia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia 

Solidago racemosa Solidago simplex var. racemosa 

Solidago rigida Oligoneuron rigidum 

Solidago spathulata Solidago simplex var. racemosa 

Solidago tarda Solidago arguta var. arguta 

Spiraea corymbosa Spiraea betulifolia 

Spiranthes cernua var ochroleuca Spiranthes ochroleuca 

Stachys cordata Stachys nuttallii 

Stachys hyssopifolia var ambigua Stachys aspera

Synonym Name 


APPENDIX II 

27 

Current Name 

Stachys riddellii Stachys nuttallii 

Stachys tenuifolia var latidens Stachys latidens 

Synosma suaveolens Hasteola suaveolens 

Thelypteris phegopteris Phegopteris connectilis 

Tillaea aquatica Crassula aquatica 

Tomanthera auriculata Agalinis auriculata 

Tridens chapmanii Tridens flavus var. chapmanii 

Trisetum pensylvanicum Sphenopholis pensylvanica 

Utricularia fibrosa Utricularia striata 

Utricularia gibba Utricularia biflora 

Vernonia altissima Vernonia gigantea 

Viola incognita Viola blanda var. palustriformis 

Xanthoxylum americanum Zanthoxylum americanum


APPPENDIX III 

PLANT SPECIES UNDER REVIEW FOR INCLUSION ON LIST 

GLOBAL STATE 

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME RANK RANK 

Desmodium fernaldii Fernald's tick-trefoil G4 S? 

Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry G5 S? 

Hypericum virgatum Coppery St. Johnswort G4? S? 

Rhamnus alnifolia Alderleaf Buckthorn G5 S? 

Rhynchospora inexpansa Nodding Beakrush G5 S? 

Spartina pectinata Fresh Water Cordgrass G5 S? 

28


APPENDIX IV 

PLANT SPECIES REPORTED, FALSELY REPORTED, OR POTENTIALLY 

OCCURRING IN MARYLAND 

The following species do not regularly occur in Maryland based on currently available information. Although not 

exhaustive, the list is included to provide clarification for those species whose rank in Maryland may be unclear 

due to conflicting reports or vague published accounts. For those species with a rank of SR, only unverified 

reports exist. Species with a rank of SRF have been falsely reported, and the error may persist in the literature. 

The list is also provided to bring attention to those species that potentially occur in Maryland (SP) and, if 

documented, their presence could have significant conservation value. 

STATE 

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME RANK 

Aconitum reclinatum White Monkshood SRF 

Agalinis linifolia Flax-leaved Gerardia SP 

Anemone riparia Large White Anemone SRF 

Carex foenea Dry-spike Sedge SRF 

Carex novae-angliae New England Sedge SRF 

Carex retrorsa Retrorse Sedge SP 

Carex rostrata Beaked Sedge SRF 

Carex verrucosa A Sedge SRF 

Collinsonia verticillata Whorled Horse-balm SR 

Corydalis aurea Golden Corydalis SR 

Crataegus flabellata A Hawthorn SRF 

Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea SR 

Diarrhena americana Twin Oats SRF 

Eleocharis fallax Creeping Spikerush SRF 

Eleocharis flavescens Pale Spikerush SRF 

Elymus trachycaulus Slender Wild Rye SR 

Galax aphylla Galax SR 

Juncus polycephalus Many-headed Rush SR 

Lobelia glandulosa Glandular Lobelia SRF 

Lycopodium sabinifolium Ground-fir SRF 

Narthecium americanum Bog Asphodel SRF 

Paspalum boscianum Bull Paspalum SR 

Poa chapmaniana Chapman Bluegrass SR 

Populus balsamifera Balsam Poplar SRF 

Quercus laurifolia Laurel-leaved Oak SRF 

Rhexia aristosa Awned Meadow-beauty SRF 

Rhynchospora knieskernii Knieskern’s Beaksedge SRF 

Sagittaria teres Slender Arrowhead SRF 

Spigelia marilandica Indian-pink SRF 

Stachys clingmanii Clingman's Hedge-nettle SRF 

Streptopus amplexifolius White Mandarin SR 

Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadowrue SRF 

Thalictrum macrostylum Piedmont Meadowrue SRF 

Thalictrum subrotundum Reclined Meadowrue SRF 

Tofieldia glutinosa False Asphodel SR 

Triglochin maritima Seaside Arrow-grass SR 

Trillium pusillum var. pusillum Least Trillium SRF 

Verbesina virginica White Crownbeard SRF 

29


SCIENTIFIC NAME 

Xerophyllum asphodeloides 

APPENDIX IV 

30 

COMMON NAME 

Eastern Turkeybeard 

STATE 

RANK 

SRF

Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

Wildlife and Heritage Service 


580 Taylor Ave E-1 

Annapolis MD 21401 

www.dnr.state.md.us 

Martin O’Malley 

Governor 

Anthony G. Brown 

Lt. Governor 

John R. Griffin 

Secretary 

Joseph P. Gill 

Deputy Secretary 

The facilities and services of the Maryland Department of Natural resources are available to all 

without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, 

national origin or physical or mental disability. 

This document is available in an alternative format upon request from a 

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