Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List

Southern Ontario 

Vascular Plant Species List 

(Sorted by Common Name) 

Based on the 

Ontario Plant List 

(Newmaster et al. 1998) 

David J. Bradley 

Southern Science & Information Section 

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 

Peterborough, Ontario 

Revised Edition, 2010

Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List 

This species checklist has been compiled in order to assist field biologists who are sampling 

vegetative plots in Southern Ontario. It is not intended to be a complete species list for the 

region. The intended range for this vascular plant list is Ecoregions (Site Regions) 5E, 6E and 7E. 

i

Nomenclature 

The nomenclature used for this listing of 2,326 plant species, subspecies and varieties, is in 

accordance with the Ontario Plant List (OPL), 1998. This publication has been used as the 

standard reference for plant names by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for the past 

decade. 

There have been many nomenclatural innovations in the past several years since the publication 

of the Ontario Plant List that are not fully reflected in this listing. However, the OPL includes a 

listing of many of the synonyms that have been used in the botanical literature. For a more up to 

date listing of scientific plant names visit either of the following web sites: 

Flora of North America - http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 

NatureServe - http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species 

PLANTS Database - http://plants.usda.gov/index.html 

For those of you who have utilized the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) plant species 

list for Ontario, notice that there have been some major rearrangements in the taxonomy. For 

example, most of the Aster species have now been put into the genus Symphyotrichum, with a 

few going into the genus Eurybia. In addition, the Flat-topped White Aster is now classified as 

Doellingeria umbellata. The genus Scirpus has also been split into different genera, with just a 

few remaining species being retained in the original genus. Most of the species originally in 

Scirpus are now described under the genus names of Schoenoplectus, Trichophorum or 

Bolboschoenus. 

With the use of DNA and other chemical analysis, botanical researchers will probably rearrange 

many more species in the near future. 

Since additional plant species have been observed for the first time in the province (after 1998), 

41 new entries have been included in this listing. This has been done to keep the listing more 

compatible with other Ontario plant listings. These include the addition of new species to the 

provincial flora, Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla), and/or are the result of taxonomic 

splits to existing species. 

Species Code 

For data entry in the field it is more efficient to write down (or enter) an abbreviated code, rather 

than writing out the entire species name. Therefore an abbreviated code has been developed 

that is unique for each species, subspecies and variety listed in this publication. 

A seven digit code has been assembled by using the first four characters of the genus name 

followed by the first 3 characters of the species name. Therefore, White Trillium (Trillium 

grandiflorum) has the 7 digit code of TRILGRA. If there is a subspecies or variety ranking for a 

species, then the first two characters are used from the species name, and the third character is 

the first letter of the subspecies or varietal epithet. Enchanter’s Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana 

ssp. canadensis) has the code CIRCLUC. 

In situations where the 7 digit codes for two separate species are the same, then another 

character is used for the seventh digit of the code. For example, Water Arum (Calla palustris) and 

Common Water Starwort (Callitriche palustris) would both produce the same seven character 

code. In this case the code CALLPLS is used for Water Arum, and CALLPLU is used for the 

Common Water Starwort. Here are some additional examples; 

ii

SRank 

Black Maple Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum ACERSAN 

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum ACERSAS 

Northern Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum ATHYFIA 

Plantain-leaved Sedge Carex plantaginea CAREPLA 

Broad-leaved Wood Sedge Carex platyphylla CAREPLT 

Slender Wood Sedge Carex gracilescens CAREGRA 

Graceful Sedge Carex gracillima CAREGRM 

The Natural Heritage Information Centre uses a ranking system that considers the provincial rank 

of an element as a tool to prioritize protection efforts. The provincial (Sub-national) rank is 

known as the SRANK. These ranks have been assigned using the best available scientific 

information, and follow a systematic ranking procedure developed by The Nature Conservancy 

(U.S.). The ranks are based on three factors: estimated number of occurrences, estimated 

community extent, and estimated range of the community within the province. The provincial 

ranks are summarized below. 

S1 - Extremely rare in Ontario; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the province, or very 

few remaining hectares 

S2 - Very rare in Ontario; usually between 6 and 20 occurrences in the province, 

or few remaining hectares 

S3 - Rare to uncommon in Ontario; usually between 21 and 80 occurrences in the 

province; may have fewer occurrences, but with some extensive examples 

remaining 

S4 - Considered to be common in Ontario. It denotes that a species is apparently secure, 

with over 80 occurrences in the province 

S5 - Indicates that a species is widespread in Ontario, it is demonstrably secure in the 

province 

These provincial ranks may further be modified. 

S2S3 - Indicates that an element is rare, but insufficient information exists to accurately 

assign a single rank 

SE - Indicates exotic introductions to the flora 

SH - Indicates that an element is known historically for the province, but it hasn't 

been verified in the past 20 years. It is not known conclusively to be extirpated 

in Ontario 

SHB - Indicates that the species is of a hybrid origin 

SX - Indicates that an element is extirpated from the province 

SU - Indicates that the status is uncertain due to insufficient information 

SRF - Is a species that was recorded falsely for the province 

iii

With the publication of the new Rare Vascular Plant List for Ontario (Oldham, M. and S. Brinker, 

2009) many of the provincial S rankings have also been updated in this version of the list. 

Species such as Pin Oak is now known to be more common in Ontario and has a S4 ranking. 

Some species however are in decline due to fungal diseases. Included in this category are 

Butternut (Juglans cinerea), which was ranked as S4 and is now ranked S3, and American 

Chestnut (Castanea dentata) which has gone from an S3 to a S2 ranking. 

Form Code 

This column describes the general growth form of a plant species. Is it a forb, shrub or tree? 

Non vascular plants such as moss, liverwort, hornwort, algae and lichen have general placeholder 

codes which have been included in this listing. In the case of some rock barrens, moss and lichen 

species can be the dominate plant forms, so it is necessary to record a percent cover for these 

larger plant groups. If your organization has someone who has expertise with these non vascular 

plants or lichens, then by all means identify them down to the genus or species level when 

possible. Generally, only one estimated % cover value is recorded for all of the Lichen species 

combined together. 

The following is a listing of the abbreviations used in the table along with a brief explanation of 

what each represents. 

AL Algae colonial filamentous algal species found in aquatic habitats 

FE Fern non-flowering, vascular plant, reproducing by spores 

(includes the fern allies) 

FO Forb herbaceous broad-leaved plant 

GR Grass graminoid plants that have stems with nodes (Poaceae) 

HR Hornwort members of the Anthocerotophyta division of plants 

LC Lichen crustose, foliose and fruticose lichen species 

LV Liverwort members of the Hepaticophyta division of plants 

MO Moss members of the Bryophyta division of plants 

RU Rush graminoid plants with round stems (Juncaceae) 

SE Sedge graminoid plants with angular stems (Cyperaceae) 

SH Shrub plants with erect, reclining or prostrate woody stems (usually 

with more than one stem) 

TR Tree woody perennial plant having a single (1- 3), usually with an 

elongate main stem more than 10 m high 

VI Vine herbaceous plant that trail, cling, or twine, and require 

support to grow vertically 

VW Woody Vine a vine with a perennial woody stem 

iv

Further Reading and Resources 

Flora of North America north of Mexico: online website 2009 

Flora of North America Editorial Committee 

Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri 

http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 

Flora Ontario: online website 2009 

Flora Ontario – Integrated Botanical Information System (FOIBIS), Phase 1, 2005 

University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario 

http://www.uoguelph.ca/foibis/ 

Manual of Grasses for North America: online website 2009 

Utah State University 

Part of the Flora of North America project covering volumes 25, 2003, and vol. 24 which 

was published later in 2007 

http://herbarium.usu.edu/grassmanual/ 

Natural Heritage Information Centre: online website 2009 

Vascular Plant Species List 

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario 

http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhic_.cfm 

Nature Conservancy Canada: online website 2009 

R.R. #5, 5420 Highway 6 North, Guelph, Ontario 

http://www.natureconservancy.ca/site/PageServer?pagename=ncc_main 

NatureServe Explorer: online website 2009 

National Biological Information Infrastructure, U. S. Geological Survey 

Arlington, Virginia 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species 

Newmaster, S. G., A. Lehela, Peter W. C. Uhlig, Sean McMurray and Michael J. Oldham. 1998 

Ontario Plant List 

Forest Research Information Paper No. 123, Ontario Forest Research Institute 

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario 

Oldham, Michael J. and Sam R. Brinker. 2009 

Rare Vascular Plants of Ontario. 4 th edition 

Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, 

Ontario 

PLANTS Database 2009 

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service 

http://plants.usda.gov/adv_search.html 

v


Common Name Scientific Name Code S Rank Form 

Adder's-mouth Species Malaxis sp MALA-SP FO 

Agrimony Species Agrimonia sp AGRI-SP FO 

Alaska Orchid Piperia unalascensis PIPEUNA S4 FO 

Alder Species Alnus sp ALNU-SP SH 

Alder-leaved Buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia RHAMALN S5 SH 

Alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. sativa MEDISAS SE5 FO 

Alga Pondweed Potamogeton confervoides POTACON S2 FO 

Algae Species Algae sp ALGA-SP AL 

Allegheny Vine Adlumia fungosa ADLUFUN S4 VI 

Alpine Blue Grass Poa alpina POA-ALP S4 GR 

Alpine Rush Juncus alpinoarticulatus JUNCALP S5 RU 

Alsike Clover Trifolium hybridum ssp. elegans TRIFHYE SE5 FO 

Alternate-leaved Dogwood Cornus alternifolia CORNALT S5 SH 

American Beech Fagus grandifolia FAGUGRA S4 TR 

American Bur-reed Sparganium americanum SPARAME S4? FO 

American Chestnut Castanea dentata CASTDEN S2 TR 

American Columbo Frasera caroliniensis FRASCAR S2 FO 

American Elm Ulmus americana ULMUAME S5 TR 

American Glyceria Glyceria grandis GLYCGRA S4S5 GR 

American Gromwell Lithospermum latifolium LITHLAT S3 FO 

American Hazelnut Corylus americana CORYAME S5 SH 

American Lotus Nelumbo lutea NELULUT S2 FO 

American Mountain-ash Sorbus americana SORBAME S5 SH 

American Pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides HEDEPUL S4 FO 

AAmerican i Plum Pl PPrunus americana i PRUNAME S4 SH 

American Senna Cassia hebecarpa CASSHEB S1 FO 

American Shore-grass Littorella americana LITTAME S3 FO 

American Slough Grass Beckmannia syzigachne BECKSYZ S4 GR 

American Speedwell Veronica americana VEROAME S5 FO 

American Willow-herb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum EPILCIC S5 FO 

Amethyst Aster Aster X amethystinus ASTEAMT SHB3? FO 

Amur Honeysuckle Lonicera maackii LONIMAA SE2 SH 

Amur Maple Acer ginnala ACERGIN SE1 SH 

Andrews' Lady's Slipper Cypripedium X andrewsii CYPRAND SHB1 FO 

Anemone Species Anemone sp ANEM-SP FO 

Aniseroot Osmorhiza longistylis OSMOLON S5 FO 

Annual Baby's-breath Gypsophila elegans GYPSELE SE1 FO 

Annual Blue Grass Poa annua POA-ANN SE5 GR 

Annual Honesty Lunaria annua LUNAANN SE2 FO 

Appalachian Polypody Polypodium appalachianum POLYAPP S1 FE 

Appalachian Sedge Carex appalachica CAREAPP S2S3 SE 

Appendaged Water-leaf Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDRAPP S2 FO 

Apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes NICAPHY SE1 FO 

Arrow Grass Species Triglochin sp TRIG-SP FO 

Arrow-feather Three-awn Grass Aristida purpurascens var. purpurascens ARISPUP S1 GR 

Arrowhead Species Sagittaria sp SAGI-SP FO 

Arrow-leaved Aster Aster urophyllus ASTEURO S4 FO 

Arrow-leaved Tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum 

1 

POLYSAG S4 FO



Arrow-leaved Violet Viola sagittata var. sagittata VIOLSAS S4 FO 

Ash Species Fraxinus sp FRAX-SP TR 

Ashy Cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata POTEINC SE4 FO 

Ashy Willow Salix cinerea SALICIC SE2 SH 

Asiatic Day-flower Commelina communis COMMCOM SE3 FO 

Asparagus Asparagus officinalis ASPAOFF SE5 FO 

Aster Species Aster sp ASTE-SP FO 

Atlantic Star Sedge Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea CAREATL S1 SE 

Auricled Twayblade Listera auriculata LISTAUR S3 FO 

Austrian Pine Pinus nigra PINUNIG SE2 TR 

Autumn Bent Grass Agrostis perennans AGROPER S5 GR 

Autumn Coralroot Corallorhiza odontorhiza CORAODO S2 FO 

Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbellata ELAEUMB SE3 SH 

Autumn Water Starwort Callitriche hermaphroditica CALLHER S5 FO 

Autumn Willow Salix serissima SALISER S4 SH 

Avens Species Geum sp GEUM-SP FO 

Awl-fruited Sedge Carex stipata CARESTI S5 SE 

Awned Graceful Sedge Carex davisii CAREDAV S2 SE 

Awnless Graceful Sedge Carex formosa CAREFOR S4 SE 

Awnless Wild Rye Elymus virginicus var. submuticus ELYMVIS S2S3 GR 

Azure Aster Aster oolentangiensis ASTEOOL S4 FO 

Bachbungen's Speedwell Veronica beccabunga VEROBEC SE2 FO 

Bachelor's Button Centaurea cyanus CENTCYA SE1 FO 

Back's Sedge Carex backii CAREBAC S4S5 SE 

BBalsam l Fir Fi Abies Abi balsamea b l ABIEBAL S5 TR 

Balsam Poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera POPUBAB S5 TR 

Balsam Ragwort Senecio pauperculus SENEPAU S5 FO 

Balsam Willow Salix pyrifolia SALIPYR S5 SH 

Baneberry Species Actaea sp ACTA-SP FO 

Barberry Species Berberis sp BERB-SP SH 

Barley Hordeum vulgare HORDVUL SE2 GR 

Barnyard Grass Echinochloa crusgalli ECHICRU SE5 GR 

Barnyard Grass Species Echinochloa sp ECHI-SP GR 

Barren Brome Bromus sterilis BROMSTE SE1 GR 

Barren Strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides WALDFRA S5 FO 

Basket Willow Salix viminalis SALIVIM SE2 SH 

Basswood Tilia americana TILIAME S5 TR 

Bastard Pennyroyal Trichostema dichotomum TRICDIC S1 FO 

Bastard Toadflax Comandra umbellata COMAUMB S5 FO 

Bayberry Myrica pensylvanica MYRIPEN S1 SH 

Bay-leaved Willow Salix pentandra SALIPEN SE2 SH 

Bayonet Rush Juncus militaris JUNCMIL S4 RU 

Beach Grass Ammophila breviligulata AMMOBRE S4 GR 

Beach Pea Lathyrus japonicus LATHJAP S4 VI 

Beach Wormwood Artemisia stelleriana ARTESTE SE1 FO 

Beak Grass Diarrhena obovata DIAROBO S1 GR 

Beak Rush Species Rhynchospora sp RHYN-SP SE 

Beaked Hazelnut Corylus cornuta 

2 

CORYCOR S5 SH



Beaked Sedge Carex utriculata CAREUTR S5 SE 

Beaked Spike-rush Eleocharis rostellata ELEOROS S3 SE 

Bear Oak Quercus ilicifolia QUERILI S1 SH 

Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ARCTUVA S5 SH 

Bearded Beggar-ticks Bidens aristosa BIDEARI SE1 FO 

Bearded Flat Sedge Cyperus squarrosus CYPESQU S4 SE 

Bearded Meadow-parsnip Thaspium barbinode THASBAR S1 FO 

Bearded Pink Dianthus barbatus DIANBAR SE1 FO 

Beard-tongue Species Penstemon sp PENS-SP FO 

Beautiful Hawthorn Crataegus formosa CRATFOR S? SH 

Bebb's Oak Quercus X bebbiana QUERBEB SHB1 TR 

Bebb's Sedge Carex bebbii CAREBEB S5 SE 

Bebb's Willow Salix bebbiana SALIBEB S5 SH 

Beck's Water-marigold Megalodonta beckii MEGABEC S5 FO 

Bedstraw Species Galium sp GALI-SP FO 

Beechdrops Epifagus virginiana EPIFVIR S5 FO 

Beggar-ticks Species Bidens sp BIDE-SP FO 

Bellfower Species Campanula sp CAMP-SP FO 

Bellwort Species Uvularia sp UVUL-SP FO 

Bent Grass Species Agrostis sp AGRO-SP GR 

Bent Trillium Trillium flexipes TRILFLE S1 FO 

Bent-leaved Hybrid Pondweed Potamogeton X scoliophyllus POTASCO SHB1? FO 

Berchtold's Pondweed Potamogeton berchtoldii POTABER S4S5 FO 

Bessey's Sand Cherry Prunus pumila var. besseyi PRUNPUB S1 SH 

Bi Bicknell's k ll' Frostweed F t d Helianthemum H li th bicknellii bi k llii HELIBIC S4 FO 

Bicknell's Geranium Geranium bicknellii GERABIC S4 FO 

Biennial Campion Silene cserei SILECSE SE4 FO 

Biennial Gaura Gaura biennis GAURBIE S3 FO 

Biennial Wormwood Artemisia biennis ARTEBIE SE5 FO 

Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii ANDRGER S4 GR 

Big Shellbark Hickory Carya laciniosa CARYLAC S3 TR 

Bighead Knapweed Centaurea macrocephala CENTMCR SE1 FO 

Big-sheath Pondweed Potamogeton vaginatus POTAVAG S5 FO 

Bindweed Species Calystegia sp CALS-SP FO 

Birch Species Betula sp BETU-SP TR 

Bird's-eye Speedwell Veronica persica VEROPES SE4 FO 

Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus LOTUCOR SE5 FO 

Bird's-foot Violet Viola pedata VIOLPED S1 FO 

Birthwort Aristolochia clematitis ARISCLE SE1 VI 

Bishop's Cap Mitella diphylla MITEDIP S5 FO 

Bishop's Cap Species Mitella sp MITE-SP FO 

Bitter Cress Cardamine flexuosa CARDFLE SE1 FO 

Bitter Cress Species Cardamine sp CARD-SP FO 

Bitter Dock Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius RUMEOBO SE5 FO 

Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis CARYCOR S5 TR 

Bittersweet Nightshade Solanum dulcamara SOLADUL SE5 VW 

Black Alder Alnus glutinosa ALNUGLU SE4 SH 

Black Ash Fraxinus nigra 

3 

FRAXNIG S5 TR



Black Bindweed Polygonum convolvulus POLYCON SE5 VI 

Black Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens SCIRATR S5 SE 

Black Cherry Prunus serotina PRUNSER S5 TR 

Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa ARONMEL S5 SH 

Black Cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa CIMIRAC S2 FO 

Black Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus COSMBIP SE1 FO 

Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica NYSSSYL S3 TR 

Black Hawthorn Crataegus douglasii CRATDOU S4 SH 

Black Huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata GAYLBAC S4 SH 

Black Knapweed Centaurea nigra CENTNIG SE? FO 

Black Locust Robinia pseudo-acacia ROBIPSE SE5 TR 

Black Maple Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum ACERSAN S4? TR 

Black Medick Medicago lupulina MEDILUP SE5 FO 

Black Mustard Brassica nigra BRASNIG SE5 FO 

Black Nightshade Solanum nigrum SOLANIG SE1 FO 

Black Oak Quercus velutina QUERVEL S4 TR 

Black Raspberry Rubus occidentalis RUBUOCC S5 SH 

Black Snakeroot Sanicula marilandica SANIMAR S5 FO 

Black Spruce Picea mariana PICEMAR S5 TR 

Black Swallow-wort Cynanchum nigrum CYNANIG SE? VI 

Black Walnut Juglans nigra JUGLNIG S4 TR 

Black Willow Salix nigra SALINIG S4? TR 

Black-edged Sedge Carex nigromarginata CARENIG S1 SE 

Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta RUDBHIR S5 FO 

Bl Blackgrass k RRushh Juncus J gerardii dii JUNCGER SE3 RU 

Black-seeded Rice Grass Oryzopsis racemosa ORYZRAC S4 GR 

Bladder Campion Silene latifolia SILELAT SE5 FO 

Bladder Fern Species Cystopteris sp CYST-SP FE 

Bladder Sedge Carex intumescens CAREINU S5 SE 

Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia STAPTRI S4 SH 

Bladderwort Species Utricularia sp UTRI-SP FO 

Blanchard's Hawthorn Crataegus irrasa CRATIRR S4? SH 

Blanket-flower Gaillardia aristata GAILARI SE1 FO 

Blazing Star Species Liatris sp LIAT-SP FO 

Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis SANGCAN S5 FO 

Bloody Crane's-bill Geranium sanguineum GERASAN SE1 FO 

Blooming Spurge Euphorbia corollata EUPHCOR S4 FO 

Blotched Broomspurge Chamaesyce maculata CHAMMAC SE5 FO 

Blue Ash Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAXQUA S3 TR 

Blue Beech Carpinus caroliniana CARPCAR S5 SH 

Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides CAULTHA S5 FO 

Blue Giant Hyssop Agastache foeniculum AGASFOE S4 FO 

Blue Grass Species Poa sp POA--SP GR 

Blue Sedge Carex glaucodea CAREGLU S1 SE 

Blue Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora SCUTLAT S5 FO 

Blue Toadflax Linaria canadensis LINACAN S1 FO 

Blue Vervain Verbena hastata VERBHAS S5 FO 

Bluebead Lily Clintonia borealis 

4 

CLINBOR S5 FO



Blueberry Species Vaccinium sp VACC-SP SH 

Bluebuttons Knautia arvensis KNAUARV SE1 FO 

Blue-eyed Grass Species Sisyrinchium sp SIRI-SP FO 

Blue-hearts Buchnera americana BUCHAME S1 FO 

Blue-leaved Willow Salix myricoides SALIMYR S3 SH 

Blue-stem Goldenrod Solidago caesia SOLICAE S5 FO 

Bluets Hedyotis caerulea HEDYCAE SH FO 

Blunt Broom Sedge Carex tribuloides CARETRI S4S5 SE 

Blunt Spike-rush Eleocharis obtusa ELEOOBT S5 SE 

Blunt Spurge Euphorbia obtusata EUPHOBT S1 FO 

Blunt-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton obtusifolius POTAOBT S4S5 FO 

Blunt-leaf Rein Orchid Platanthera obtusata PLATOBT S5 FO 

Blunt-leaved Bedstraw Galium obtusum GALIOBT S4S5 FO 

Blunt-lobed Grape Fern Botrychium oneidense BOTRONE S3? FE 

Blunt-lobed Woodsia Woodsia obtusa ssp. obtusa WOODOBO S1 FE 

Blunt-scaled Bulrush Scirpus smithii SCIRSMI S3 SE 

Blunt-scaled Oak Sedge Carex albicans var. albicans CAREALB S3 SE 

Blunt-scaled Wood Sedge Carex albursina CAREALU S5 SE 

Bog Aster Aster nemoralis ASTENEM S5 FO 

Bog Laurel Kalmia polifolia KALMPOL S5 SH 

Bog Rosemary Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla ANDRPOG S5 SH 

Bog Willow Salix pedicellaris SALIPED S5 SH 

Borage Borago officinalis BORAOFF SE1 FO 

Boreal Wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis ARTECAB S4? FO 

BBosc's ' Goosefoot G f t Chenopodium Ch di standleyanum t dl CHENSTA S2 FO 

Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix ELYMHYS S5 GR 

Bouncing Bet Saponaria officinalis SAPOOFF SE5 FO 

Boxwood Knotweed Polygonum buxiforme POLYBUX S4? FO 

Brainerd's Hawthorn Crataegus brainerdii CRATBRA S2 SH 

Branched Bartonia Bartonia paniculata BARTPAN S1 FO 

Branching Bur-reed Sparganium androcladum SPARAND S1 FO 

Branching Centaury Centaurium pulchellum CENTPUL SE3 FO 

Braun's Holly Fern Polystichum braunii POLYBRA S3 FE 

Braun's Wood Fern Dryopteris X uliginosa DRYOULI SHB2? FE 

Brazilian Water Meal Wolffia brasiliensis WOLFBRA S2? FO 

Bridal Wreath Spiraea X vanhouttei SPIRVAN SHBE1 SH 

Bride's Feather Aruncus dioicus ARUNDIO SE1 FO 

Bright-green Spike-rush Eleocharis olivacea ELEOOLI S4 SE 

Bristle-leaved Sedge Carex eburnea CAREEBU S5 SE 

Bristleless Dark Green Bulrush Scirpus georgianus SCIRGEO S1? SE 

Bristle-stalked Sedge Carex leptalea CARELEP S5 SE 

Bristly Buttercup Ranunculus pensylvanicus RANUPEN S5 FO 

Bristly Cattail Sedge Carex frankii CAREFRA S2 SE 

Bristly Clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum LYCOANN S5 FE 

Bristly Foxtail Setaria verticillata SETAVER SE4 GR 

Bristly Greenbrier Smilax hispida SMILHIS S4 VW 

Bristly Raspberry Rubus setosus RUBUSET S4? SH 

Bristly Sarsaparilla Aralia hispida ARALHIS S5 SH 

5



Bristly Sedge Carex comosa CARECOO S5 SE 

Brittle Fern Cystopteris fragilis CYSTFRA S5 FE 

Brittle Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia fragilis OPUNFRA S3 FO 

Brittle-leaf Naiad Najas minor NAJAMIN SE2 FO 

Broad Beech Fern Phegopteris hexagonoptera PHEGHEX S3 FE 

Broad-leaf Hawthorn Crataegus dilatata CRATDIL S? SH 

Broad-leaved Cattail Typha latifolia TYPHLAT S5 FO 

Broad-leaved Panic Grass Panicum latifolium PANILAT S4 GR 

Broad-leaved Sand Cherry Prunus pumila var. susquehanae PRUNPUS S4? SH 

Broad-leaved Spurge Euphorbia platyphyllos EUPHPLA SE4 FO 

Broad-leaved Toothwort Cardamine diphylla CARDDIP S5 FO 

Broad-leaved Wild Rye Elymus wiegandii ELYMWIE S4 GR 

Broad-leaved Wood Sedge Carex platyphylla CAREPLT S5 SE 

Broad-leaved Woolly Sedge Carex pellita CAREPEL S5 SE 

Broad-lipped Twayblade Listera convallarioides LISTCON S4 FO 

Broad-winged Sedge Carex alata CAREALA S1 SE 

Brome Species Bromus sp BROM-SP GR 

Bromelike Sedge Carex bromoides CAREBRO S5 SE 

Bronze Sedge Carex foenea CAREFOE S5 SE 

Brook Nut Sedge Cyperus bipartitus CYPEBIP S5 SE 

Broom-corn Millet Panicum miliaceum PANIMIL SE4 GR 

Broom-sedge Andropogon virginicus ANDRVIR S4 GR 

Brown Beak Rush Rhynchospora capitellata RHYNCPT S4 SE 

Brown Flat Sedge Cyperus fuscus CYPEFUS SE2 SE 

BBrown Knapweed K d Centaurea C t jjacea CENTJAC SE5 FO 

Brown-eyed Coneflower Rudbeckia triloba RUDBTRI SE4 FO 

Brown-fruited Rush Juncus pelocarpus JUNCPEL S5 RU 

Brown-headed Fox Sedge Carex alopecoidea CAREALO S5 SE 

Brownish Sedge Carex brunnescens CAREBRU S5 SE 

Buckeye Species Aesculus sp AESC-SP TR 

Buckthorn Species Rhamnus sp RHAM-SP SH 

Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum FAGOESC SE3 FO 

Buffalo Berry Shepherdia canadensis SHEPCAN S5 SH 

Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock Cicuta bulbifera CICUBUL S5 FO 

Bulblet Bladder Fern Cystopteris bulbifera CYSTBUL S5 FE 

Bulbous Blue Grass Poa bulbosa POA-BUL SE3 GR 

Bulbous Buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus RANUBUL SE3 FO 

Bulhead Pond-lily Nuphar variegata NUPHVAR S5 FO 

Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare CIRSVUL SE5 FO 

Bulrush Species Scirpus sp SCIR-SP SE 

Bunchberry Cornus canadensis CORNCAN S5 SH 

Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa QUERMAC S5 TR 

Burdock Species Arctium sp ARCT-SP FO 

Burgess Wood Fern Dryopteris X burgessii DRYOBUR SHB1 FE 

Burnet Saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga PIMPSAX SE1 FO 

Burning Bush Euonymus atropurpurea var. atropurpurea EUONATA S3 SH 

Bur-reed Sedge Carex sparganioides CARESPA S5 SE 

Bur-reed Species Sparganium sp 

6 

SPAR-SP FO



Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera DIERLON S5 SH 

Bush-clover Species Lespedeza sp LESP-SP FO 

Bush's Goosefoot Chenopodium bushianum CHENBEB S1S2 FO 

Bush's Hawthorn Crataegus persimilis CRATPER S? SH 

Bushy Aster Aster dumosus var. strictior ASTEDUS S2 FO 

Bushy Cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa POTEPAR S4 FO 

Bushy Knotweed Polygonum ramosissimum POLYRAM S4 FO 

Butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris LINAVUL SE5 FO 

Buttercup Species Ranunculus sp RANU-SP FO 

Butterfly Dock Petasites japonicus PETAJAP SE1 FO 

Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa ASCLTUB S4 FO 

Butternut Juglans cinerea JUGLCIN S3? TR 

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis CEPHOCC S5 SH 

Button-bush Dodder Cuscuta cephalanthi CUSCCEP S2 FO 

Cabbage Rose Rosa centifolia ROSACEN SE1 SH 

Calamus Acorus calamus ACORCAL SE1 FO 

Calcic Maidenhair Spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens ASPLTRQ S5 FE 

Calico Aster Aster lateriflorus var. hirsuticaulis ASTELAU S4? FO 

Calypso Calypso bulbosa CALYBUL S4S5 FO 

Canada Anemone Anemone canadensis ANEMCAN S5 FO 

Canada Blue Grass Poa compressa POA-COM SE5 GR 

Canada Blue-joint Calamagrostis canadensis CALACAN S5 GR 

Canada Brome Bromus pubescens BROMPUB S4 GR 

Canada Enchanter's Nightshade Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis CIRCLUC S5 FO 

CCanada d Goldenrod G ld d Solidago S lid canadensis d i SOLICAN S5 FO 

Canada Lily Lilium canadense LILICAN S1 FO 

Canada Mayflower Maianthemum canadense MAIACAN S5 FO 

Canada Milkvetch Astragalus canadensis ASTRCAN S4 FO 

Canada Plum Prunus nigra PRUNNIG S4 SH 

Canada Pussytoes Antennaria howellii ssp. canadensis ANTEHOC SU FO 

Canada Rush Juncus canadensis JUNCCAN S5 RU 

Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense CIRSARE SE5 FO 

Canada Violet Viola canadensis VIOLCAN S5 FO 

Canada Waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense HYDRCND S4 FO 

Canada Waterweed Elodea canadensis ELODCAN S5 FO 

Canada Wild Rye Elymus canadensis ELYMCAN S4S5 GR 

Canada Yew Taxus canadensis TAXUCAN S4 SH 

Canadian St. John's-wort Hypericum canadense HYPECAN S4? FO 

Canary Grass Phalaris canariensis PHALCAN SE2 GR 

Canary Grass Species Phalaris sp PHAL-SP GR 

Canterbury-bells Campanula medium CAMPMED SE1 FO 

Caper Spurge Euphorbia lathyris EUPHLAT SE1 FO 

Cardamine Cardamine impatiens CARDIMP SE1 FO 

Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis LOBECAR S5 FO 

Carey's Knotweed Polygonum careyi POLYCAR S4 FO 

Carey's Wood Sedge Carex careyana CARECAR S2 SE 

Carolina Crane's-bill Geranium carolinianum var. confertiflorum GERACAC S4 FO 

Carolina Poplar Populus X canadensis 

7 

POPUCAN SHBE1 TR



Carolina Spring Beauty Claytonia caroliniana CLAYCAR S5 FO 

Carolina Vetch Vicia caroliniana VICICAR S2 VI 

Carolina Whitlow-grass Draba reptans DRABREP S3 FO 

Carpenter's Square Scrophularia marilandica SCROMAR S4 FO 

Case's Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes casei SPIRCAS S4 FO 

Catchfly Silene vulgaris SILEVUL SE5 FO 

Catchfly Species Silene sp SILE-SP FO 

Catnip Nepeta cataria NEPECAT SE5 FO 

Cattail Sedge Carex typhina CARETYP S2 SE 

Cattail Species Typha sp TYPH-SP FO 

Caughuawaga Hawthorn Crataegus suborbiculata CRATSUB S2 SH 

Celandine Chelidonium majus CHELMAJ SE5 FO 

Chapman's Meadow-parsnip Thaspium chapmanii THASCHA S2 FO 

Checkered Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera tesselata GOODTES S4S5 FO 

Cheeses Malva neglecta MALVNEG SE5 FO 

Cherry Birch Betula lenta BETULEN S1 TR 

Cherry Species Prunus sp PRUN-SP SH 

Chess Bromus secalinus ssp. secalinus BROMSES SE4 GR 

Chestnut-scaled Sedge Carex castanea CARECAS S5 SE 

Chickweed Species Cerastium sp CERA-SP FO 

Chickweed Species Stellaria sp STEL-SP FO 

Chicory Cichorium intybus CICHINT SE5 FO 

Chinese Bush-clover Lespedeza cuneata LESPCUN SE1 SH 

Chinese Lantern Physalis alkekengi PHYSALK SE2 FO 

Chi Chinese Pl Plume GGrass Miscanthus Mi th sinensis i i MISCSIN SE1 GR 

Chinquapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii QUERMUE S4 TR 

Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana ssp. virginiana PRUNVIV S5 SH 

Christmas Fern Polystichum acrostichoides POLYACR S5 FE 

Churchmouse Three-awned Grass Aristida dichotoma ARISDIC S1 GR 

Cicer Milkvetch Astragalus cicer ASTRCIC SE1 FO 

Ciliolate Aster Aster ciliolatus ASTECIL S5 FO 

Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea OSMUCIN S5 FE 

Cinnamon Rose Rosa majalis ROSAMAJ SE1 SH 

Cinquefoil Species Potentilla sp POTE-SP FO 

Clammy Ground-cherry Physalis heterophylla PHYSHET S4 FO 

Clammy Hedge-hyssop Gratiola neglecta GRATNEG S4 FO 

Clasping Bellwort Triodanis perfoliata TRIOPRF S4 FO 

Clasping Mullein Verbascum phlomoides VERBPHL SE1 FO 

Clasping Pepper-grass Lepidium perfoliatum LEPIPER SE1 FO 

Clasping-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus POTAPER S4 FO 

Clear-eye Salvia sclarea SALVSCL SE1 FO 

Clearweed Species Pilea sp PILE-SP FO 

Cleavers Galium aparine GALIAPA S5 FO 

Cleland's Evening-primrose Oenothera clelandii OENOCLE S1 FO 

Clematis Species Clematis sp CLEM-SP VW 

Climbing Bittersweet Celastrus scandens CELASCA S5 VW 

Climbing False Buckwheat Polygonum scandens POLYSCN S4S5 VI 

Climbing Poison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. negundo 

8 

RHUSRAN S5 VW



Clinton's Bulrush Scirpus clintonii SCIRCLI S2S3 SE 

Clinton's Wood Fern Dryopteris clintoniana DRYOCLI S4 FE 

Closed Gentian Gentiana andrewsii GENTAND S4 FO 

Clover Species Trifolium sp TRIF-SP FO 

Clubmoss Species Lycopodium sp LYCO-SP FE 

Club-spur Orchid Platanthera clavellata PLATCLA S4S5 FO 

Clustered Cancer-root Orobanche fasciculata OROBFAS SH FO 

Clustered Sedge Carex cumulata CARECUM S4 SE 

Clustered Snakeroot Sanicula odorata SANIODO S5 FO 

Coast Jointweed Polygonella articulata POLYART S4 FO 

Coast Sedge Carex exilis CAREEXI S5 SE 

Coastal Plain Goldentop Euthamia caroliniana EUTHCAR S1 FO 

Coast-blite Chenopodium rubrum CHENRUB SE2 FO 

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium XANTSTR S5 FO 

Cockspur Hawthorn Crataegus crus-galli CRATCRU S5 SH 

Colicroot Aletris farinosa ALETFAR S2 FO 

Colonial Bent Grass Agrostis capillaris AGROCAP SE2 GR 

Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara TUSSFAR SE5 FO 

Columbia Water Meal Wolffia columbiana WOLFCOL S4S5 FO 

Common Apple Malus pumila MALUPUM SE5 SH 

Common Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia SAGILAT S5 FO 

Common Barberry Berberis vulgaris BERBVUL SE5 SH 

Common Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis RUBUALL S5 SH 

Common Bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris UTRIVUL S5 FO 

CCommon Bl Blue Vi Violet l t Vi Viola l sororia i VIOLSOR S5 FO 

Common Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum SISYMON S5 FO 

Common Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata MENYTRI S5 FO 

Common Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum EUPAPER S5 FO 

Common Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica RHAMCAT SE5 SH 

Common Bugle Ajuga reptans AJUGREP SE2 FO 

Common Bur Sedge Carex grayi CAREGRY S4 SE 

Common Burdock Arctium minus ssp. minus ARCTMIM SE5 FO 

Common Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris PINGVUL S5 FO 

Common Caraway Carum carvi CARUCAR SE1? FO 

Common Centaury Centaurium erythraea CENTERY SE3 FO 

Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex POTESIM S5 FO 

Common Clearweed Pilea pumila PILEPUM S5 FO 

Common Clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum LYCOCLA S5 FE 

Common Comfrey Symphytum officinale ssp. officinale SYMPOFO SE5 FO 

Common Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum CERADEM S5 FO 

Common Coriander Coriandrum sativum CORISAT SE1 FO 

Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale TARAOFF SE5 FO 

Common Dodder Cuscuta gronovii CUSCGRO S5 FO 

Common Elderberry Sambucus canadensis SAMBCAN S5 SH 

Common Evening-primrose Oenothera biennis OENOBIE S5 FO 

Common Flax Linum usitatissimum LINUUSI SE3 FO 

Common Forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides MYOSSCO SE5 FO 

Common Gaura Gaura longiflora 

9 

GAURLON SE1 FO



Common Globe-thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus ECHISPH SE4 FO 

Common Goldentop Euthamia graminifolia EUTHGRA S5 FO 

Common Greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia SMILROT S2 SH 

Common Gromwell Lithospermum officinale LITHOFF SE5 FO 

Common Hairgrass Deschampsia flexuosa DESCFLE S5 GR 

Common Hop Sedge Carex lupulina CARELUP S5 SE 

Common Hound's-tongue Cynoglossum officinale CYNOOFF SE5 FO 

Common Juniper Juniperus communis JUNICOM S5 SH 

Common Knotweed Polygonum aviculare POLYAVI SE5 FO 

Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris SYRIVUL SE5 SH 

Common Meadow-beauty Rhexia virginica RHEXVIR S4 FO 

Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca ASCLSYR S5 FO 

Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium fontanum CERAFON SE5 FO 

Common Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris ARTEVUL SE5 FO 

Common Mullein Verbascum thapsus VERBTHA SE5 FO 

Common Oak Fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris GYMNDRD S5 FE 

Common Peach Prunus persica PRUNPER SE1 SH 

Common Pear Pyrus communis PYRUCOM SE4 SH 

Common Pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum LEPIDEN SE5 FO 

Common Plantain Plantago major PLANMAJ SE5 FO 

Common Plum Prunus domestica var. domestica PRUNDOD SE2 SH 

Common Poppy Papaver somniferum PAPASOM SE1 FO 

Common Potato Solanum tuberosum SOLATUB SE1 FO 

Common Privet Ligustrum vulgare LIGUVUL SE5 SH 

CCommon RRagweedd Ambrosia A b i artemisiifolia t i iif li AMBRART S5 FO 

Common Ragwort Senecio vulgaris SENEVUL SE5 FO 

Common Reed Phragmites australis PHRAAUS S5 GR 

Common Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius TRAGPOR SE4? FO 

Common Smartweed Polygonum hydropiper POLYHDP SE5 FO 

Common Sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus SONCOLE SE5 FO 

Common Speedwell Veronica officinalis VEROOFF SE5 FO 

Common Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis TRADOHI S2 FO 

Common St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum HYPEPER SE5 FO 

Common Stitchwort Stellaria media STELMED SE5 FO 

Common Strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana FRAGVIV S5 FO 

Common Sunflower Helianthus annuus ssp. annuus HELIANA SE FO 

Common Teasel Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris DIPSFUS SE5 FO 

Common Three-square Scirpus pungens SCIRPUN S5 SE 

Common Valerian Valeriana officinalis VALEOFF SE3 FO 

Common Vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra VICISAN SE5 VI 

Common Water Starwort Callitriche palustris CALLPLU S5 FO 

Common Water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica ALISPLA S4? FO 

Common Wheat Triticum aestivum TRITAES SE1 GR 

Common Wintercress Barbarea vulgaris BARBVUL SE5 FO 

Common Wood Sedge Carex blanda CAREBLA S5 SE 

Common Woodrush Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora LUZUMUM S5 RU 

Common Wormwood Artemisia absinthium ARTEABS SE3? FO 

Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium 

10 

ACHIMIM SE FO



Common's Panic Grass Panicum columbianum var. commonsianum PANICOC S1 GR 

Compass Plant Silphium laciniatum var. laciniatum SILPLAL S1 FO 

Coniferous Wood Sedge Carex concinna CARECON S5 SE 

Convoluted Single-spike Sedge Carex scirpoidea ssp. convoluta CARESCC S3 SE 

Coontail Species Ceratophyllum sp CERT-SP FO 

Cooper's Milkvetch Astragalus neglectus ASTRNEG S3 FO 

Copper-shouldered Sedge Carex bicknellii CAREBIC S2 SE 

Coralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus SYMPORB SE1 SH 

Coralroot Species Corallorhiza sp CORA-SP FO 

Cord Grass Species Spartina sp SPTI-SP GR 

Coreopsis Species Coreopsis sp CORE-SP FO 

Corn Zea mays ZEA-MAY SE2 GR 

Corn Chamomile Anthemis arvensis ANTHARV SE5 FO 

Corn Gromwell Buglossoides arvensis BUGLARV SE5 FO 

Corn Poppy Papaver rhoeas PAPARHO SE1 FO 

Corn Speedwell Veronica arvensis VEROARV SE5 FO 

Cottage Pink Dianthus plumarius DIANPLU SE1 FO 

Cottongrass Species Eriophorum sp ERIO-SP SE 

Cow Vetch Vicia cracca VICICRA SE5 VI 

Cowbane Oxypolis rigidior OXYPRIG S2 FO 

Cow-parsnip Heracleum lanatum HERALAN S5 FO 

Cowslip Primula veris PRIMVER SE1 FO 

Cow-wheat Melampyrum lineare MELALIN S4S5 FO 

Crabapple Species Malus sp MALU-SP SH 

CCrabgrass b SSpecies i Di Digitaria it i sp DIGI DIGI-SP SP GR 

Crack Willow Salix fragilis SALIFRA SE5 TR 

Crane's-bill Species Geranium sp GERA-SP FO 

Crawford's Sedge Carex crawfordii CARECRW S5 SE 

Cream Violet Viola striata VIOLSTR S3 FO 

Creeping Bent Grass Agrostis stolonifera AGROSTO S5 GR 

Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens RANUREP SE5 FO 

Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis JUNIHOR S5 SH 

Creeping Love Grass Eragrostis hypnoides ERAGHYP S4 GR 

Creeping Rush Juncus subtilis JUNCSUB S3 RU 

Creeping Sedge Carex chordorrhiza CARECHO S5 SE 

Creeping Snowberry Gaultheria hispidula GAULHIS S5 SH 

Creeping Spearwort Ranunculus flammula var. reptans RANUFLR SU FO 

Creeping Wood-sorrel Oxalis corniculata OXALCOR SE1 FO 

Creeping Yellow-cress Rorippa sylvestris RORISYL SE5 FO 

Crested Arrowhead Sagittaria graminea var. cristata SAGIGRC S3 FO 

Crested Dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus CYNOCRI SE1 GR 

Crested Sedge Carex cristatella CARECRS S5 SE 

Crested Wheat Grass Agropyron cristatum ssp. pectinatum AGROCRP SE2 GR 

Crested Wood Fern Dryopteris cristata DRYOCRI S5 FE 

Crooked-stem Aster Aster prenanthoides ASTEPRE S2 FO 

Crowded Sedge Carex aggregata CAREAGG S1 SE 

Crown-vetch Coronilla varia COROVAR SE5 FO 

Cuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis ssp. pratensis 

11 

CARDPRA S5 FO



Cucumber Magnolia Magnolia acuminata MAGNACU S2 TR 

Cultivated Oats Avena sativa AVENSAT SE3 GR 

Culver's-root Veronicastrum virginicum VEROVRG S2 FO 

Cup-plant Silphium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum SILPPEP S2 FO 

Curled Thistle Carduus crispus CARDCRI SE FO 

Curly Cup Gumweed Grindelia squarrosa GRINSQU SE3 FO 

Curly Dock Rumex crispus RUMECRI SE5 FO 

Curly Pondweed Potamogeton crispus POTACRI SE5 FO 

Currant Species Ribes sp RIBE-SP SH 

Cursed Crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus RANUSCS S5 FO 

Cut Grass Species Leersia sp LEER-SP GR 

Cut-leaved Anemone Anemone multifida ANEMMUL S5 FO 

Cut-leaved Coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata RUDBLAC S5 FO 

Cut-leaved Evening-primrose Oenothera laciniata OENOLAC SE1 FO 

Cut-leaved False Foxglove Aureolaria pedicularia AUREPED S2? FO 

Cut-leaved Grape Fern Botrychium dissectum BOTRDIS S5 FE 

Cut-leaved Nightshade Solanum triflorum SOLATRI SE1 FO 

Cut-leaved Toothwort Cardamine concatenata CARDCON S5 FO 

Cut-leaved Water-horehound Lycopus americanus LYCOAME S5 FO 

Cylindric Blazing Star Liatris cylindracea LIATCYL S3 FO 

Cypress Spurge Euphorbia cyparissias EUPHCYP SE5 FO 

Cypress-like Sedge Carex pseudo-cyperus CAREPSE S5 SE 

Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus NARCPSE SE2 FO 

Daffodil Species Narcissus sp NARC-SP FO 

DDaisy i Fleabane Fl b Ei Erigeron annuus ERIGANN S5 FO 

Daisy-leaved Grape Fern Botrychium matricariifolium BOTRMAT S4S5 FE 

Dame's Rocket Hesperis matronalis HESPMAT SE5 FO 

Dandelion Species Taraxacum sp TARA-SP FO 

Daphne Daphne mezereum DAPHMEZ SE2 SH 

Dark-green Sedge Carex tonsa var. rugosperma CARETOR S5 SE 

Dark-leaved Mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana ARTELUD S4? FO 

Dark-scaled Sedge Carex buxbaumii CAREBUX S5 SE 

Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum VACCSTA S1 SH 

Deer-tongue Panic Grass Panicum clandestinum PANICLA S2 GR 

Dense Long-beaked Sedge Carex sychnocephala CARESYC S4 SE 

Deptford Pink Dianthus armeria DIANARM SE5 FO 

Devil's Beggar-ticks Bidens frondosa BIDEFRO S5 FO 

Dewdrop Dalibarda repens DALIREP S4S5 FO 

Dewey's Sedge Carex deweyana CAREDEW S5 SE 

Dicentra Species Dicentra sp DICE-SP FO 

Dill Anethum graveolens ANETGRA SE1? FO 

Dillen's Tick-trefoil Desmodium paniculatum var. dillenii DESMPAD S4 FO 

Dillen's Wood-sorrel Oxalis dillenii OXALDIL S5? FO 

Distant Sedge Carex lucorum CARELUC S4 SE 

Dock Species Rumex sp RUME-SP FO 

Dodder Species Cuscuta sp CUSC-SP FO 

Dodge's Hawthorn Crataegus dodgei CRATDOD S4 SH 

Dog Nettle Urtica urens 

12 

URTIURE SE1 FO



Dog Rose Rosa canina ROSACAN SE2 SH 

Dog Violet Viola conspersa VIOLCON S5 FO 

Dogbane Species Apocynum sp APOC-SP FO 

Dogwood Species Cornus sp CORN-SP SH 

Doorweed Polygonum arenastrum POLYARE SE5 FO 

Dotted Hawthorn Crataegus punctata CRATPUN S5 SH 

Dotted Smartweed Polygonum punctatum POLYPUN S5 FO 

Dotted Water Meal Wolffia borealis WOLFBOR S4S5 FO 

Doubtful Goat's-beard Tragopogon dubius TRAGDUB SE5 FO 

Douglas' Knotweed Polygonum douglasii POLYDOU S4 FO 

Dove's-foot Crane's-bill Geranium molle GERAMOL SE1 FO 

Dowell's Wood Fern Dryopteris X dowellii DRYODOW SHB1 FE 

Downy Arrow-wood Viburnum rafinesquianum VIBURAF S5 SH 

Downy Birch Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens BETUPUP SE1 TR 

Downy Chess Bromus tectorum BROMTEC SE5 GR 

Downy False Foxglove Aureolaria virginica AUREVIR S1 FO 

Downy Goldenrod Solidago puberula SOLIPUB S2 FO 

Downy Green Sedge Carex swanii CARESWA S4 SE 

Downy Hawthorn Crataegus mollis CRATMOL S5 SH 

Downy Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera pubescens GOODPUB S4 FO 

Downy Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea AMELARB S5 SH 

Downy Wild Rye Elymus villosus ELYMVIL S4 GR 

Downy Willow-herb Epilobium strictum EPILSTR S5 FO 

Downy Wood Mint Blephilia ciliata BLEPCIL S1 FO 

DDragon's ' MMouth th AArethusa th bbulbosa lb ARETBUL S4 FO 

Drooping Bulrush Scirpus pendulus SCIRPEN S5 SE 

Drooping Sedge Carex prasina CAREPRS S4 SE 

Drooping Wood Sedge Carex arctata CAREART S5 SE 

Drooping Woodreed Cinna latifolia CINNLAT S5 GR 

Dropseed Species Sporobolus sp SPOR-SP GR 

Drummond's Rock Cress Arabis drummondii ARABDRU S4 FO 

Dryland Blueberry Vaccinium pallidum VACCPAL S4 SH 

Duckweed Species Lemna sp LEMN-SP FO 

Dudley's Rush Juncus dudleyi JUNCDUD S5 RU 

Dune Bluestem Schizachyrium littorale SCHILIT S2? GR 

Dutchman's-breeches Dicentra cucullaria DICECUC S5 FO 

Dutchman's-pipe Aristolochia macrophylla ARISMAC SE1 VI 

Dwarf Birch Betula pumila BETUPUM S5 SH 

Dwarf Canadian Primrose Primula mistassinica PRIMMIS S4 FO 

Dwarf Chickweed Cerastium pumilum CERAPUM SE2 FO 

Dwarf Chinquapin Oak Quercus prinoides QUERPRI S2 SH 

Dwarf Cinquefoil Potentilla canadensis POTECAN S2? FO 

Dwarf Dandelion Krigia virginica KRIGVIR S1 FO 

Dwarf Enchanter's Nightshade Circaea alpina CIRCALP S5 FO 

Dwarf Flax Linum catharticum LINUCAT SE2 FO 

Dwarf Ginseng Panax trifolius PANATRI S4 FO 

Dwarf Hackberry Celtis tenuifolia CELTTEN S2 SH 

Dwarf Lake Iris Iris lacustris IRISLAC S3 FO 

13



Dwarf Mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum ARCEPUS S5 FO 

Dwarf Plantain Plantago virginica PLANVIR SE1 FO 

Dwarf Raspberry Rubus pubescens RUBUPUB S5 SH 

Dwarf Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera repens GOODREP S5 FO 

Dwarf Scouring Rush Equisetum scirpoides EQUISCI S5 FE 

Dwarf Spurge Euphorbia exigua EUPHEXI SE1 FO 

Dwarf St. John's-wort Hypericum mutilum ssp. mutilum HYPEMUM S5 FO 

Early Blue Violet Viola palmata var. palmata VIOLPAP S2S3 FO 

Early Buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis RANUFAS S4 FO 

Early Coralroot Corallorhiza trifida CORATRI S5 FO 

Early Eyebright Odontites verna ssp. serotina ODONVES SE1 FO 

Early Fen Sedge Carex crawei CARECRA S4 SE 

Early Goldenrod Solidago juncea SOLIJUN S5 FO 

Early Meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum THALDIO S5 FO 

Early Oak Sedge Carex umbellata CAREUMB S5 SE 

Early Saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis SAXIVIR S5 FO 

Early Wild Rye Elymus macgregorii ELYMMAC S1S3 GR 

Eastern Black Nightshade Solanum ptychanthum SOLAPTY S5 FO 

Eastern Bracken Fern Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum PTERAQL S5 FE 

Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides POPUDED S5 TR 

Eastern Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida CORNFLO S2? SH 

Eastern Glyceria Glyceria septentrionalis GLYCSEP S4 GR 

Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis TSUGCAN S5 TR 

Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid Platanthera leucophaea PLATLEU S2 FO 

EEastern t PPrickly i kl PPear CCactus t OOpuntia ti hhumifusa if OPUNHUM S1 FO 

Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana JUNIVIR S5 TR 

Eastern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis THUJOCC S5 TR 

Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus PINUSTR S5 TR 

Eaton's Panic Grass Panicum spretum PANISPR S2 GR 

Ebony Spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron ASPLPLA S4 FE 

Eel-grass Vallisneria americana VALLAME S5 FO 

Eglantine Rosa rubiginosa ROSARUB SE4 SH 

Elderberry Species Sambucus sp SAMB-SP SH 

Elecampane Inula helenium INULHEL SE5 FO 

Elliptic Spike-rush Eleocharis elliptica ELEOELL S5 SE 

Elm Species Ulmus sp ULMU-SP TR 

Elm-leaved Goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia SOLIULU S1 FO 

Elongated Wild Rye Elymus elongatus ssp. ponticus ELYMELP SE3 GR 

Emerson's Hawthorn Crataegus submollis CRATSBM S4S5 SH 

Enchanter's Nightshade Species Circaea sp CIRC-SP FO 

Engelmann's Quillwort Isoetes engelmannii ISOEENG S1 FE 

Engelmann's Spike-rush Eleocharis engelmannii ELEOENG S1 SE 

English Daisy Bellis perennis BELLPER SE5 FO 

English Sundew Drosera anglica DROSANG S5 FO 

English Violet Viola odorata VIOLODO SE2 FO 

Erect Bugle Ajuga genevensis AJUGGEN SE1 FO 

Erect Knotweed Polygonum erectum POLYERE SH FO 

Erysimum Species Erysimum sp 

14 

ERYS-SP FO



Euonymus Species Euonymus sp EUON-SP SH 

European Ash Fraxinus excelsior FRAXEXC SE2 TR 

European Bellflower Campanula rapunculoides CAMPRAP SE5 FO 

European Chives Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum ALLISCC SE2 FO 

European Common Hop Humulus lupulus var. lupulus HUMULUL S4 VI 

European Euonymus Euonymus europaea EUONEUR SE2 SH 

European Eyebright Euphrasia stricta EUPHSTR SE4? FO 

European Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum LONIXYL SE2 SH 

European Frog-bit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae HYDRMOR SE5 FO 

European Highbush Cranberry Viburnum opulus VIBUOPU SE4 SH 

European Honeysuckle Lonicera caprifolium LONICAP SE1 VW 

European Larch Larix decidua LARIDEC SE2 TR 

European Mallow Malva alcea MALVALC SE1 FO 

European Mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia SORBAUC SE4 SH 

European Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica ssp. dioica URTIDID SE2 FO 

European Water-horehound Lycopus europaeus LYCOEUR SE5 FO 

European White Birch Betula pendula BETUPEN SE4 TR 

European White Poplar Populus alba POPUALB SE5 TR 

Evening-primrose Species Oenothera sp OENO-SP FO 

Evergreen Wood Fern Dryopteris intermedia DRYOINT S5 FE 

Everlasting Pea Lathyrus latifolius LATHLAT SE4 VI 

Expressway Sedge Carex praegracilis CAREPRA SE5 SE 

Fall Hawkbit Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis LEONAUA SE5 FO 

Fall Panic Grass Panicum dichotomiflorum PANIDIF SE5 GR 

FFall ll Phlox Phl Phl Phlox paniculata i l t PHLOPAN SE3 FO 

Fall Witch Grass Digitaria cognata var. cognata DIGICOC S1 GR 

False Daisy Eclipta prostrata ECLIPRO S2 FO 

False Golden Sedge Carex garberi CAREGAR S4 SE 

False Lettuce Lactuca floridana var. floridana LACTFLF S2 FO 

False Melic Schizachne purpurascens ssp. purpurascens SCHIPUP S5 GR 

False Mermaid Floerkea proserpinacoides FLOEPRO S4 FO 

False Nettle Boehmeria cylindrica BOEHCYL S5 FO 

False Pennyroyal Trichostema brachiatum TRICBRA S4 FO 

False Pimpernel Lindernia dubia var. dubia LINDDUD S4 FO 

False Ragweed Iva xanthifolia IVA-XAN SE1 FO 

False Rue Anemone Enemion biternatum ENEMBIT S2 FO 

False Rusty Nut Sedge Cyperus odoratus CYPEODO S5 SE 

False Solomon's Seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum MAIARAR S5 FO 

False Solomon's Seal Species Maianthemum sp MAIA-SP FO 

False Spiraea Sorbaria sorbifolia SORBSOR SE4 SH 

False St. John's-wort Hypericum gentianoides HYPEGEN S1 FO 

False Timothy Crypsis schoenoides CRYPSCH SE1 GR 

False-indigo Amorpha fruticosa AMORFRU SE1 SH 

Fanleaf Hawthorn Crataegus flabellata CRATFLA S4 SH 

Farwell's Water-milfoil Myriophyllum farwellii MYRIFAR S4 FO 

Feathertop Calamagrostis epigejos CALAEPI SE2 GR 

Fen Star Sedge Carex sterilis CARESTE S4 SE 

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare 

15 

FOENVUL SE3? FO



Fern Pondweed Potamogeton robbinsii POTAROB S4S5 FO 

Fern Species Fern sp FERN-SP FE 

Fescue Oval Sedge Carex festucacea CAREFES S1 SE 

Fescue Species Festuca sp FEST-SP GR 

Fetid Marigold Dyssodia papposa DYSSPAP SE1 FO 

Few-flowered Collinsia Collinsia parviflora var. parviflora COLLPAP S4 FO 

Few-flowered Nut Rush Scleria pauciflora SCLEPAU S1 SE 

Few-flowered Panic Grass Panicum oligosanthes PANIOLI S4 GR 

Few-flowered Sedge Carex pauciflora CAREPAU S5 SE 

Few-flowered Spike-rush Eleocharis pauciflora ELEOPAU S5 SE 

Few-fruited Sedge Carex oligocarpa CAREOLG S3 SE 

Few-nerved Wood Sedge Carex leptonervia CARELET S4 SE 

Few-seeded Sedge Carex oligosperma CAREOLI S4 SE 

Fibrous Rooted Sedge Carex communis CARECOM S5 SE 

Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis CONVARV SE5 VI 

Field Chickweed Cerastium arvense ssp. strictum CERAARS S4 FO 

Field Cress Lepidium campestre LEPICAM SE5 FO 

Field Garlic Allium vineale ssp. vineale ALLIVIV SE2 FO 

Field Hawkweed Hieracium caespitosum ssp. caespitosum HIERCAC SE5 FO 

Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense EQUIARV S5 FE 

Field Milkwort Polygala sanguinea POLYSAN S3 FO 

Field Nut Sedge Cyperus esculentus CYPEESC S5 SE 

Field Pansy Viola bicolor VIOLBIC S1 FO 

Field Penny-cress Thlaspi arvense THLAARV SE5 FO 

Fi Field ld PPussytoes t AAntennaria t i neglecta l t ANTENEG S5 FO 

Field Scorpion-grass Myosotis arvensis MYOSARV SE4 FO 

Field Sedge Carex conoidea CARECOI S3 SE 

Field Sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis SONCARA SE5 FO 

Field Thistle Cirsium discolor CIRSDIS S3 FO 

Figwort Species Scrophularia sp SCRO-SP FO 

Filago Logfia arvensis LOGFARV SE1 FO 

Filiform Rush Juncus filiformis JUNCFIL S4S5 RU 

Fireberry Hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa CRATCHR S5 SH 

Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium EPILANG S5 FO 

Flabby Sedge Carex flacca CAREFLA SE2 SE 

Flat Rattlesnake-master Eryngium planum ERYNPLA SE1 FO 

Flat Sedge Species Cyperus sp CYPE-SP SE 

Flat-hair Rock Cress Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis ARABHIA S1 FO 

Flat-leaved Bladderwort Utricularia intermedia UTRIINT S5 FO 

Flat-stem Oat Grass Danthonia compressa DANTCOM S4 GR 

Flat-stem Pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis POTAZOS S5 FO 

Flat-stem Rush Juncus compressus JUNCCOM SE5 RU 

Flat-stem Spike-rush Eleocharis compressa ELEOCOM S4 SE 

Flat-topped White Aster Aster umbellatus var. umbellatus ASTEUMU S5 FO 

Fleabane Species Erigeron sp ERIG-SP FO 

Fleshy Hawthorn Crataegus succulenta CRATSUC S4S5 SH 

Flixweed Descurainia sophia DESCSOP SE5 FO 

Floating Bur-reed Sparganium angustifolium 

16 

SPARANG S4? FO



Floating-heart Nymphoides cordata NYMPCOR S4? FO 

Floating-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton natans POTANAT S5 FO 

Flowering-rush Butomus umbellatus BUTOUMB SE5 FO 

Flower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum HIBITRI SE4 FO 

Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis LONICAN S5 SH 

Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia TIARCOR S5 FO 

Fogfruit Phyla lanceolata PHYLLAN S2 FO 

Fogg's Goosefoot Chenopodium foggii CHENFOG S2 FO 

Fool's Parsley Aethusa cynapium AETHCYN SE1 FO 

Forb Species Forb sp FORB-SP FO 

Forget-me-not Species Myosotis sp MYOS-SP FO 

Forked Catchfly Silene dichotoma SILEDIC SE1 FO 

Forked Panic Grass Panicum dichotomum PANIDIC S2 GR 

Forked Three-awned Grass Aristida basiramea ARISBAS S2 GR 

Forsythia Forsythia viridissima FORSVIR SE2 SH 

Four-angled Spike-rush Eleocharis quadrangulata ELEOQUA S1 SE 

Four-leaved Milkweed Asclepias quadrifolia ASCLQUA S1 FO 

Fowl Blue Grass Poa palustris POA-PAL S5 GR 

Fowl Glyceria Glyceria striata GLYCSTR S4S5 GR 

Fox Grape Vitis labrusca VITILAB S1 VW 

Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea CAREVUL S5 SE 

Foxglove Beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis PENSDIG S4S5 FO 

Foxtail Millet Setaria italica SETAITA SE1 GR 

Foxtail Species Setaria sp SETA-SP GR 

FFragrant t BBedstraw d t GGalium li ttriflorum ifl GALITRI S5 FO 

Fragrant Cudweed Gnaphalium obtusifolium GNAPOBT S5 FO 

Fragrant Sumac Rhus aromatica RHUSARO S5 SH 

Fragrant White Water-lily Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa NYMPODT SU FO 

Fraser's St. John's-wort Triadenum fraseri TRIAFRA S5 FO 

Freeman's Maple Acer X freemanii ACERFRE SHB4 TR 

French Rocket Erucastrum gallicum ERUCGAL SE5 FO 

Freshwater Cord Grass Spartina pectinata SPARPEC S4 GR 

Fries' Pondweed Potamogeton friesii POTAFRI S4 FO 

Fringed Bindweed Polygonum cilinode POLYCIL S5 VI 

Fringed Brome Bromus ciliatus BROMCIL S5 GR 

Fringed Gentian Gentianopsis crinita GENTCRI S5 FO 

Fringed Loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata LYSICIL S5 FO 

Fringed Polygala Polygala paucifolia POLYPAU S5 FO 

Fringed Puccoon Lithospermum incisum LITHINC S1 FO 

Fringed Sedge Carex crinita CARECRI S5 SE 

Frosted Hawthorn Crataegus pruinosa CRATPRU S4? SH 

Frost-wort Helianthemum canadense HELICAN S3 FO 

Fuller's Hawthorn Crataegus fulleriana CRATFUL S2? SH 

Fumitory Fumaria officinalis FUMAOFF SE3 FO 

Garden Black Currant Ribes nigrum RIBENIG SE2 SH 

Garden Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris AQUIVUL SE3 FO 

Garden Cress Lepidium sativum LEPISAT SE2 FO 

Garden Lettuce Lactuca sativa 

17 

LACTSAT SE1 FO



Garden Loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris LYSIVUL SE3 FO 

Garden Orache Atriplex hortensis ATRIHOR SE1 FO 

Garden Parsley Petroselinum crispum PETRCRI SE1 FO 

Garden Pea Pisum sativum PISUSAT SE1 VI 

Garden Radish Raphanus sativus RAPHSAT SE1 FO 

Garden Red Currant Ribes rubrum RIBERUB SE5 SH 

Garden Sorrel Rumex acetosa RUMEACT SE FO 

Garlic Allium sativum ALLISAT SE2 FO 

Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolata ALLIPET SE5 FO 

Gattinger's Panic Grass Panicum gattingeri PANIGAT S4 GR 

Gaultheria Species Gaultheria sp GAUL-SP SH 

Geniculate Spike-rush Eleocharis geniculata ELEOGEN S1 SE 

Gentian Species Gentiana sp GENT-SP FO 

German Chamomile Matricaria recutita MATRREC SE FO 

German Iris Iris germanica IRISGER SE1 FO 

Germander Speedwell Veronica chamaedrys VEROCHA SE3 FO 

Ghostweed Euphorbia marginata EUPHMAR SE2 FO 

Giant Bur-reed Sparganium eurycarpum SPAREUR S5 FO 

Giant Foxtail Setaria faberi SETAFAB SE4 GR 

Giant Goldenrod Solidago gigantea SOLIGIG S5 FO 

Giant Ironweed Vernonia gigantea ssp. gigantea VERNGIG S3? FO 

Giant Knotweed Polygonum sachalinense POLYSAC SE1 FO 

Giant Pinedrops Pterospora andromedea PTERAND S2 FO 

Giant Ragweed Ambrosia trifida AMBRTRI S5 FO 

Gi Ginseng PPanax quinquefolius i f li PANAQUI S3 FO 

Ginseng Species Panax sp PANA-SP FO 

Glandular Swamp Fern Dryopteris X boottii DRYOBOO SHB2 FE 

Glaucous Blue Grass Poa glauca ssp. glaucantha POA-GLL S4 GR 

Glaucous Dabra Draba glabella DRABGLA S4S5 FO 

Glaucous Honeysuckle Lonicera dioica LONIDIO S5 VW 

Glaucous King Devil Hieracium piloselloides HIERPIL SE5 FO 

Glaucous White Lettuce Prenanthes racemosa ssp. racemosa PRENRAR SU FO 

Globe Candytuft Iberis umbellata IBERUMB SE1 FO 

Glossy Buckthorn Rhamnus frangula RHAMFRA SE5 SH 

Glyceria Species Glyceria sp GLYC-SP GR 

Goat's Rue Tephrosia virginiana TEPHVIR S1 FO 

Goat's-beard Species Tragopogon sp TRAG-SP FO 

Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea ZIZIAUR S5 FO 

Golden Coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria CORETIN SE1 FO 

Golden Corydalis Corydalis aurea CORYAUR S5 FO 

Golden Creeper Thladiantha dubia THLADUB SE2 VI 

Golden Currant Ribes odoratum RIBEODO SE4 SH 

Golden Dock Rumex maritimus RUMEMAR S4 FO 

Golden Hedge-hyssop Gratiola aurea GRATAUR S4? FO 

Golden Lungwort Hieracium murorum HIERMUR SE1 FO 

Golden Ragwort Senecio aureus SENEAUR S5 FO 

Golden Saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum CHRYAME S5 FO 

Golden Seal Hydrastis canadensis 

18 

HYDRCAN S2 FO



Golden-fruited Sedge Carex aurea CAREAUR S5 SE 

Goldenrod Species Solidago sp SOLI-SP FO 

Goldentuft Aurinia saxatilis AURISAX SE1 FO 

Goldie's Wood Fern Dryopteris goldiana DRYOGOL S4 FE 

Gold-of-pleasure Camelina sativa CAMESAT SE3 FO 

Goldthread Coptis trifolia ssp. groenlandica COPTTRG S5 FO 

Good King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus CHENBON SE1 FO 

Goose Grass Eleusine indica ELEUIND SE3 GR 

Goosefoot Corn-salad Valerianella chenopodiifolia VALECHE S1 FO 

Goosefoot Species Chenopodium sp CHEN-SP FO 

Gourd Species Cucurbita sp CUCU-SP VI 

Goutweed Aegopodium podagraria AEGOPOD SE5 FO 

Graceful Sedge Carex gracillima CAREGRM S5 SE 

Grape Fern Species Botrychium sp BOTR-SP FE 

Grape Hyacinth Muscari botryoides MUSCBOT SE3 FO 

Grape Species Vitis sp VITI-SP VW 

Grass Pink Calopogon tuberosus CALOTUB S4S5 FO 

Grass Species Grass sp GRAS-SP GR 

Grass-leaved Arrowhead Sagittaria graminea var. graminea SAGIGRG S4S5 FO 

Grass-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton gramineus POTAGRA S5 FO 

Grass-leaved Rush Juncus marginatus JUNCMAR S3 RU 

Grass-leaved Stitchwort Stellaria graminea STELGRA SE5 FO 

Grass-of-parnassus Parnassia glauca PARNGLA S5 FO 

Grass-of-parnassus Species Parnassia sp PARN-SP FO 

GGray Beak B k RRushh Rhynchospora Rh h ffusca RHYNFUS S4? SE 

Gray Birch Betula populifolia BETUPOP S5 TR 

Gray Dogwood Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa CORNFOR S5 SH 

Gray Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis SOLINEN S5 FO 

Gray Sedge Carex amphibola var. amphibola CAREAMA S2 SE 

Gray-headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata RATIPIN S3 FO 

Great Blue Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica LOBESIP S5 FO 

Great Burdock Arctium lappa ARCTLAP SE5 FO 

Great Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza SPIRPOL S5 FO 

Great Lakes Wheat Grass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. psammophilus ELYMLAP S3 GR 

Great Plains Flat Sedge Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus CYPELUM S4 SE 

Great Plains Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes magnicamporum SPIRMAG S3? FO 

Great St. John's-wort Hypericum ascyron HYPEASC S3? FO 

Great Water Dock Rumex orbiculatus RUMEORB S4S5 FO 

Great-spurred Violet Viola selkirkii VIOLSEL S5 FO 

Green Adder's-mouth Malaxis unifolia MALAUNI S4S5 FO 

Green Alder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa ALNUVIC S5 SH 

Green Arrow-arum Peltandra virginica ssp. virginica PELTVIV S2 FO 

Green Dragon Arisaema dracontium ARISDRA S3 FO 

Green Foxtail Setaria viridis SETAVIR SE5 GR 

Green Milkweed Asclepias viridiflora ASCLVIR S2 FO 

Green Pigweed Amaranthus powellii AMARPOW SE5 FO 

Green Spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum ASPLTRI S4 FE 

Green Violet Hybanthus concolor 

19 

HYBACON S2 FO



Greenbrier Species Smilax sp SMIL-SP VI 

Green-flowered Pyrola Pyrola chlorantha PYROCHL S4S5 FO 

Greenish Sedge Carex viridula CAREVIV S5 SE 

Green's Rush Juncus greenei JUNCGRE S3 RU 

Gromwell Species Lithospermum sp LITH-SP FO 

Grooved Yellow Flax Linum sulcatum LINUSUL S3 FO 

Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea GLECHED SE5 FO 

Ground-cedar Diphasiastrum tristachyum DIPHTRI S5 FE 

Ground-cherry Species Physalis sp PHYS-SP FO 

Groundnut Apios americana APIOAME S5 VI 

Ground-pine Lycopodium obscurum LYCOOBS S4 FE 

Grove Blue Grass Poa alsodes POA-ALS S4 GR 

Grove Sandwort Moehringia lateriflora MOEHLAT S5 FO 

Hackberry Celtis occidentalis CELTOCC S4 TR 

Hackberry Species Celtis sp CELT-SP TR 

Hagstroem's Hybrid Pondweed Potamogeton X hagstroemii POTAHAG SHB1? FO 

Hair Fescue Festuca filiformis FESTFIL SE2 GR 

Hairgrass Species Deschampsia sp DESC-SP GR 

Hair-like Bulbostylis Bulbostylis capillaris ssp. capillaris BULBCAC S4 SE 

Hair-like Sedge Carex capillaris ssp. capillaris CARECAP S5 SE 

Hair-like Speedwell Veronica filiformis VEROFIL SE2 FO 

Hairy Aster Aster pilosus var. pilosus ASTEPIP S5 FO 

Hairy Beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus PENSHIR S4 FO 

Hairy Bedstraw Galium pilosum var. pilosum GALIPIP S3 FO 

HHairy i Bitt Bitter CCress Cardamine C d i hi hirsuta t CARDHIR SE3 FO 

Hairy Broomspurge Chamaesyce vermiculata CHAMVER S5 FO 

Hairy Bush-clover Lespedeza hirta LESPHIR S4 FO 

Hairy Buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus RANUHIH S3 FO 

Hairy Chess Bromus commutatus BROMCOM SE4 GR 

Hairy Fimbristylis Fimbristylis puberula var. puberula FIMBPUP S1 SE 

Hairy Germander Teucrium canadense ssp. viscidum TEUCCAV SU FO 

Hairy Goldenrod Solidago hispida var. hispida SOLIHIS S5 FO 

Hairy Green Sedge Carex hirsutella CAREHIR S3 SE 

Hairy Hawkweed Hieracium gronovii HIERGRO S3? FO 

Hairy Honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta LONIHIR S5 VW 

Hairy Mock-orange Philadelphus pubescens PHILPUB SE1 SH 

Hairy Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. pilosum PYCNVEP S1 FO 

Hairy Nighshade Solanum physalifolium SOLAPHY SE2 FO 

Hairy Panic Grass Panicum acuminatum PANIACU S5 GR 

Hairy Pinweed Lechea villosa LECHVIL S3 FO 

Hairy Pussytoes Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax ANTEPAF SU FO 

Hairy Rock Cress Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa ARABHIP S5 FO 

Hairy Solomon's Seal Polygonatum pubescens POLYPUB S5 FO 

Hairy Sunflower Helianthus mollis HELIMOL SE1 FO 

Hairy Sweet-cicely Osmorhiza claytonii OSMOCLA S5 FO 

Hairy Umbrella-wort Mirabilis hirsuta MIRAHIR SE1 FO 

Hairy Vetch Vicia villosa VICIVIL SE5 VI 

Hairy Willow-herb Epilobium hirsutum 

20 

EPILHIR SE5 FO



Hairy Wood Lettuce Lactuca hirsuta LACTHIR S4? FO 

Hairy Wood Mint Blephilia hirsuta BLEPHIR S1 FO 

Hairy Wood Sedge Carex hirtifolia CAREHII S5 SE 

Hairy Woodrush Luzula acuminata LUZUACU S5 RU 

Hairy-fruited Sedge Carex trichocarpa CARETRC S3 SE 

Hairy-leaved Lake Sedge Carex atherodes CAREATH S4S5 SE 

Hairy-nerved Carrion Flower Smilax lasioneura SMILLAS S4 VI 

Halberd-leaved Tearthumb Polygonum arifolium POLYARI S3 FO 

Hammer Sedge Carex hirta CAREHRT SE2 SE 

Harbinger-of-spring Erigenia bulbosa ERIGBUL S3? FO 

Hard Fescue Festuca trachyphylla FESTTRA SE4 GR 

Hard Rush Juncus inflexus JUNCINF SE1 RU 

Hardhack Spiraea tomentosa SPIRTOM S4S5 SH 

Hardstem Bulrush Scirpus acutus SCIRACU S5 SE 

Hare Figwort Scrophularia lanceolata SCROLAN S4 FO 

Harebell Campanula rotundifolia CAMPROT S5 FO 

Hart's-tongue Fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum ASPLSCA S3 FE 

Hawkins' Oak Quercus X hawkinsiae QUERHAW SHB1 TR 

Hawk's Beard Species Crepis sp CREP-SP FO 

Hawkweed Oxtongue Picris hieracioides ssp. hieracioides PICRHIH SE5 FO 

Hawkweed Species Hieracium sp HIER-SP FO 

Hawkweed-leaved Mustard Erysimum hieraciifolium ERYSHIE SE5 FO 

Hawthorn Species Crataegus sp CRAT-SP SH 

Hay Sedge Carex siccata CARESIC S5 SE 

HHaynes' ' HHybrid b id PPondweed d d PPotamogeton t t X hhaynesii ii POTAHAY SHB1? FO 

Hay-scented Fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula DENNPUN S5 FE 

Hazel Dodder Cuscuta coryli CUSCCOR S1 FO 

Hazelnut Species Corylus sp CORY-SP SH 

Heal-all Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata PRUNVUL S5 FO 

Heart-leaved Alexanders Zizia aptera ZIZIAPT S1 FO 

Heart-leaved Aster Aster cordifolius ASTECOR S5 FO 

Heart-leaved Plantain Plantago cordata PLANCOR S1 FO 

Heart-leaved Twayblade Listera cordata LISTCOR S5? FO 

Heart-leaved Willow Salix cordata SALICOR S4S5 SH 

Heath Aster Aster ericoides var. ericoides ASTEERE S5 FO 

Heavy Sedge Carex gravida CAREGRV S1 SE 

Hedge Bindweed Calystegia sepium ssp. angulata CALYSEG S5 FO 

Hedge Mustard Sisymbrium officinale SISYOFF SE5 FO 

Hedge Mustard Species Sisymbrium sp SISY-SP FO 

Hedgehog Woodrush Luzula echinata LUZUECH S1 RU 

Hedge-nettle Species Stachys sp STAC-SP FO 

Hedgerow Crane's-bill Geranium pyrenaicum GERAPYR SE1 FO 

Helleborine Epipactis helleborine EPIPHEL SE5 FO 

Hemlock-parsley Conioselinum chinense CONICHI S2 FO 

Hempnettle Species Galeopsis sp GALE-SP FO 

Henbit Dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule LAMIAMP SE3 FO 

Herb Robert Geranium robertianum GERAROB SE5 FO 

Herbaceous Carrion Flower Smilax herbacea 

21 

SMILHER S4 VI



Herbaceous Vine Species Vine sp VINE-SP VI 

Hexagon Stonecrop Sedum sexangulare SEDUSEX SE1 FO 

Hickey's Tree Clubmoss Lycopodium hickeyi LYCOHIC S4 FE 

Hickory Species Carya sp CARY-SP TR 

Hidden-fruited Bladderwort Utricularia geminiscapa UTRIGEM S3? FO 

High Mallow Malva sylvestris MALVSYL SE1 FO 

Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum VACCCOR S4 SH 

Highbush Cranberry Viburnum trilobum VIBUTRI S5 SH 

Hill's Pondweed Potamogeton hillii POTAHIL S2 FO 

Hitchcock's Sedge Carex hitchcockiana CAREHIT S5 SE 

Hoary Alyssum Berteroa incana BERTINC SE5 FO 

Hoary Draba Draba cana DRABCAN S3 FO 

Hoary Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum incanum var. incanum PYCNINI S1 FO 

Hoary Plantain Plantago media PLANMED SE3 FO 

Hoary Puccoon Lithospermum canescens LITHCAN S3 FO 

Hoary Tick-trefoil Desmodium canescens DESMCAN S2 FO 

Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta VERBSTR S4 FO 

Hobble Bush Viburnum lantanoides VIBULAO S5 SH 

Hog Peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata AMPHBRA S5 VI 

Hog's-bean Hyoscyamus niger HYOSNIG SE1 FO 

Holly Fern Polystichum lonchitis POLYLON S4 FE 

Holly Fern Species Polystichum sp POLS-SP FE 

Hollyhock Alcea rosea ALCEROS SE4 FO 

Holmes Hawthorn Crataegus holmesiana CRATHOL SRF SH 

HHonewortt Cryptotaenia C t t i canadensis d i CRYPCAN S5 FO 

Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos GLEDTRI S2 TR 

Honeysuckle Species Lonicera sp LONI-SP SH 

Hooded Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana SPIRROM S5 FO 

Hooded Skullcap Scutellaria galericulata SCUTGAL S5 FO 

Hooked Buttercup Ranunculus recurvatus RANUREC S5 FO 

Hooked-spur Violet Viola adunca VIOLADU S4S5 FO 

Hooker's Bugseed Corispermum hookeri CORIHOO S1S3 FO 

Hooker's Orchid Platanthera hookeri PLATHOO S3 FO 

Hop-tree Ptelea trifoliata PTELTRI S3 SH 

Horned Bladderwort Utricularia cornuta UTRICOR S5 FO 

Horned Pondweed Zannichellia palustris ZANNPAL S4 FO 

Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum AESCHIP SE2 TR 

Horse Gentian Species Triosteum sp TRIO-SP FO 

Horse Mint Monarda punctata var. villicaulis MONAPUV S1 FO 

Horse Nettle Solanum carolinense SOLACAR SE3 FO 

Horsebalm Collinsonia canadensis COLLCAN S4 FO 

Horseradish Armoracia rusticana ARMORUS SE4 FO 

Horsetail Species Equisetum sp EQUI-SP FE 

Horsetail Spike-rush Eleocharis equisetoides ELEOEQU S1 SE 

Horseweed Conyza canadensis CONYCAN S5 FO 

Houghton's Goldenrod Solidago houghtonii SOLIHOU S2 FO 

Houghton's Sedge Carex houghtoniana CAREHOU S5 SE 

Hudson Bay Bulrush Scirpus hudsonianus 

22 

SCIRHUD S5 SE



Humped Bladderwort Utricularia gibba UTRIGIB S4 FO 

Hungarian Spurge Euphorbia esula EUPHESU SE5 FO 

Hyaline-scaled Sedge Carex hyalinolepis CAREHYA S4 SE 

Hybrid Baneberry Actaea X ludovici ACTALUD SHB1? FO 

Hybrid Cattail Typha X glauca TYPHGLA SHB5 FO 

Hybrid Mulberry Morus alba X rubra MORUALR SU TR 

Hybrid Petunia Petunia X hybrida PETUHYB SHBE1 FO 

Hybrid Soft Brome Bromus X pseudothominii BROMPSE SHBE2 GR 

Hybrid Sumac Rhus X pulvinata RHUSPUL SHB2? SH 

Hybrid Violet Viola X brauniae VIOLBRA SHB1 FO 

Hybrid Woolly Sedge Carex X subimpressa CARESUI SHB2 SE 

Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis HYSSOFF SE2 FO 

Hyssop-leaved Fleabane Erigeron hyssopifolius ERIGHYS S5 FO 

Illinois Carrion Flower Smilax illinoensis SMILILL S2? VI 

Illinois Pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis POTAILL S4 FO 

Indian Chickweed Mollugo verticillata MOLLVER SE5 FO 

Indian Cucumber-root Medeola virginiana MEDEVIR S5 FO 

Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans SORGNUT S4 GR 

Indian Hemp Apocynum cannabinum APOCCAN S5 FO 

Indian Love Grass Eragrostis pilosa ERAGPIL SE1 GR 

Indian Mustard Brassica juncea BRASJUN SE5 FO 

Indian Paintbrush Castilleja coccinea CASTCOC S5 FO 

Indian Strawberry Duchesnea indica DUCHIND SE1 FO 

Indian Tobacco Lobelia inflata LOBEINF S5 FO 

IIndian-pipe di i MMonotropa t uniflora ifl MONOUNI S5 FO 

Inflated Sedge Carex vesicaria CAREVES S5 SE 

Inland Sedge Carex interior CAREINT S5 SE 

Interrupted Fern Osmunda claytoniana OSMUCLA S5 FE 

Interrupted Windgrass Apera interrupta APERINT SE2 GR 

Inverted Bladderwort Utricularia resupinata UTRIRES S4 FO 

Iris Species Iris sp IRIS-SP FO 

Ironwood Ostrya virginiana OSTRVIR S5 TR 

Ironwort Galeopsis tetrahit GALETET SE5 FO 

Ivy-leaved Morning-glory Ipomoea hederacea IPOMHED SE1 VI 

Jack Pine Pinus banksiana PINUBAN S5 TR 

Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum ARISTRT S5 FO 

Jack's Poplar Populus X jackii POPUJAC SHB2 TR 

James' Sedge Carex jamesii CAREJAM S4 SE 

Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii BERBTHU SE5 SH 

Japanese Chess Bromus japonicus BROMJAP SE4 GR 

Japanese Hedge Parsley Torilis japonica TORIJAP SE4 FO 

Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica LONIJAP SE2 VW 

Japanese Hop Humulus japonicus HUMUJAP SE3 VI 

Japanese Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum POLYCUS SE4 FO 

Japanese Meadowsweet Spiraea japonica SPIRJAP SE1 SH 

Japanese Plume Grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus MISCSAC SE3 GR 

Jerusalem Artichoke Helianthus tuberosus HELITUB S5 FO 

Jerusalem Oak Goosefoot Chenopodium botrys 

23 

CHENBOT SE4 FO



Jewel-weed Species Impatiens sp IMPA-SP FO 

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium DATUSTR SE5 FO 

Joe-pye-weed Species Eupatorium sp EUPA-SP FO 

Johnny-jump-up Viola tricolor VIOLTRI SE2 FO 

Johnson Grass Sorghum halepense SORGHAL SE2 GR 

Joilet Horsetail Equisetum X ferrissii EQUEFER SHB3 FE 

Jointed Rush Juncus articulatus JUNCART S5 RU 

Jumpseed Polygonum virginianum POLYVIR S4 FO 

Junegrass Koeleria macrantha KOELMAC S4 GR 

Juniper Sedge Carex juniperorum CAREJUN S1 SE 

Juniper Species Juniperus sp JUNI-SP SH 

Kalm's Hawkweed Hieracium kalmii HIERKAL SU FO 

Kalm's Lobelia Lobelia kalmii LOBEKAL S5 FO 

Kalm's St. John's-wort Hypericum kalmianum HYPEKAL S4 SH 

Katune Salsola collina SALSCOL SE4 FO 

Kenilworth Ivy Cymbalaria muralis CYMBMUR SE1 FO 

Kentucky Blue Grass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis POA-PRP S5 GR 

Kentucky Coffee-tree Gymnocladus dioicus GYMNDIO S2 TR 

Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulneraria ANTHVUL SE1 FO 

Kidney-leaf Buttercup Ranunculus abortivus RANUABO S5 FO 

Kidney-leaf Violet Viola renifolia VIOLREN S5 FO 

King Devil Hawkweed Hieracium X floribundum HIERFLO SHBE5 FO 

Knapweed Species Centaurea sp CENT-SP FO 

Knawel Scleranthus annuus SCLEANN SE5 FO 

KKnobbed bb d HHop SSedge d CCarex llupuliformis lif i CARELPL S1 SE 

Knotted Rush Juncus nodosus JUNCNOD S5 RU 

Labrador Marsh Bedstraw Galium labradoricum GALILAB S5 FO 

Labrador Tea Ledum groenlandicum LEDUGRO S5 SH 

Lace-grass Eragrostis capillaris ERAGCAP SH GR 

Laciniate Teasel Dipsacus laciniatus DIPSLAC SE1 FO 

Ladies' Tresses Species Spiranthes sp SPIT-SP FO 

Lady's Slipper Species Cypripedium sp CYPR-SP FO 

Lady's Thumb Polygonum persicaria POLYPER SE5 FO 

Lake Cress Armoracia lacustris ARMOLAC S3? FO 

Lake Quillwort Isoetes lacustris ISOELAC S4 FE 

Lakebank Sedge Carex lacustris CARELAC S5 SE 

Lakeside Daisy Hymenoxys herbacea HYMEHER S3 FO 

Lamb's Quarters Chenopodium album var. album CHENALA SE5 FO 

Lance-leaved Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata CORELAN S4? FO 

Lance-leaved Grape Fern Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum BOTRLAA S3? FE 

Lance-leaved Speedwell Veronica austriaca ssp. teucrium VEROAUT SE1 FO 

Lance-leaved Violet Viola lanceolata VIOLLAN S4 FO 

Land Caltrop Tribulus terrestris TRIBTER SE1 FO 

Larch Species Larix sp LARI-SP TR 

Large Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis DIGISAN SE5 GR 

Large Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon VACCMAC S4S5 SH 

Large Hop Clover Trifolium campestre TRIFCAM SE5 FO 

Large Purple-fringed Orchid Platanthera grandiflora 

24 

PLATGRA S1 FO



Large Round-leaf Orchid Platanthera macrophylla PLATMAC S2 FO 

Large Toothwort Cardamine X maxima CARDMAX SHB3 FO 

Large White Ground-cherry Leucophysalis grandiflora LEUCGRA S3 FO 

Large Whorled Pogonia Isotria verticillata ISOTVER S1 FO 

Large Yellow Lady's Slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens CYPRCAB S5 FO 

Large Yellow Pond-lily Nuphar advena NUPHADV S3 FO 

Large-bracted Plantain Plantago aristata PLANARI SE1 FO 

Large-bracted Tick-trefoil Desmodium cuspidatum var. cuspidatum DESMCUC S3 FO 

Large-bracted Vervain Verbena bracteata VERBBRA S4? FO 

Large-flowered Barnyard Grass Echinochloa muricata ECHIMUR S4 GR 

Large-flowered Bellwort Uvularia grandiflora UVULGRA S5 FO 

Large-flowered Coreopsis Coreopsis grandiflora COREGRA SE3? FO 

Large-flowered Hempnettle Galeopsis speciosa GALESPE SE1 FO 

Large-fruited Oval Sedge Carex praticola CAREPRT S2 SE 

Large-fruited Snakeroot Sanicula trifoliata SANITRI S4 FO 

Large-fruited Star Sedge Carex echinata CAREECH S5 SE 

Large-leaved Aster Aster macrophyllus ASTEMAC S5 FO 

Large-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius POTAAMP S5 FO 

Larger Canadian St. John's-wort Hypericum majus HYPEMAJ S5 FO 

Larger Straw Sedge Carex normalis CARENOR S4 SE 

Larger Water Starwort Callitriche heterophylla ssp. heterophylla CALLHEH S2? FO 

Large-seeded Forget-me-not Myosotis macrosperma MYOSMAC S1 FO 

Largetooth Aspen Populus grandidentata POPUGRA S5 TR 

Late-flowering Joe-pye-weed Eupatorium serotinum EUPASER SE1 FO 

LLaurel l SSpecies i KKalmia l i sp KALM KALM-SP SP SH 

Laurentian Bladder Fern Cystopteris laurentiana CYSTLAU S3 FE 

Le Conte's Violet Viola affinis VIOLAFF S4? FO 

Leafy Blue-flag Iris brevicaulis IRISBRE S1 FO 

Leafy Pondweed Potamogeton foliosus POTAFOL S5 FO 

Leafy Satin Grass Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana MUHLMEM S5 GR 

Least Grape Fern Botrychium simplex BOTRSIM S4? FE 

Leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata CHAMCAL S5 SH 

Leatherwood Dirca palustris DIRCPAL S4? SH 

Leathery Grape Fern Botrychium multifidum BOTRMUL S5 FE 

Leavenworth's Sedge Carex leavenworthii CARELEA S1 SE 

Lemon-balm Melissa officinalis MELIOFO SE1 FO 

Lenticular Sedge Carex lenticularis CARELEN S5 SE 

Leonard's Skullcap Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii SCUTPAL S3 FO 

Lesser Bladderwort Utricularia minor UTRIMIN S5 FO 

Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria RANUFIC SE1 FO 

Lesser Daisy Fleabane Erigeron strigosus ERIGSTR S5 FO 

Lesser Duckweed Lemna minor LEMNMIN S5 FO 

Lesser Panicled Sedge Carex diandra CAREDIA S5 SE 

Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria pallida STELPAL SE1 FO 

Lesser Toadflax Chaenorrhinum minus CHAEMIN SE5 FO 

Lettuce Species Lactuca sp LACT-SP FO 

Lichen Species Lichen sp LICH-SP LC 

Lily Species Lilium sp 

25 

LILI-SP FO



Lily-leaved Twayblade Liparis liliifolia LIPALIL S2 FO 

Lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis CONVMAJ SE5 FO 

Limestone Hedge-hyssop Gratiola quartermaniae GRATQUA S2 FO 

Limestone Oak Fern Gymnocarpium robertianum GYMNROB S2 FE 

Lindheimer's Panic Grass Panicum acuminatum var. lindheimeri PANIACL S4 GR 

Linear-leaved Loosestrife Lysimachia quadriflora LYSIQUF S4 FO 

Linear-leaved Sundew Drosera linearis DROSLIN S3 FO 

Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium SCHISCO S4 GR 

Little Ground Broomspurge Chamaesyce nutans CHAMNUT S4S5 FO 

Little Love Grass Eragrostis minor ERAGMIN SE5 GR 

Live Forever Sedum telephium SEDUTEL SE2 FO 

Livid Sedge Carex livida CARELIV S5 SE 

Lizard's Tail Saururus cernuus SAURCER S3 FO 

Lobelia Species Lobelia sp LOBE-SP FO 

Loesel's Twayblade Liparis loeselii LIPALOE S4S5 FO 

Lombardy Poplar Populus nigra POPUNIG SE4 TR 

London Plane Tree Platanus X acerifolia PLATACE SHBE1 TR 

Long Sedge Carex folliculata CAREFOL S3 SE 

Long-awned Wood Grass Brachyelytrum erectum var. erectum BRACERE S4? GR 

Long-beaked Sedge Carex sprengelii CARESPR S5 SE 

Long-bracted Green Orchid Coeloglossum viride var. virescens COELVIV S4 FO 

Long-bristled Smartweed Polygonum caespitosum POLYCAE SE1 FO 

Long-hairy Chickweed Cerastium velutinum CERAVEL S2 FO 

Long-headed Anemone Anemone cylindrica ANEMCYL S4 FO 

LLong-leaved l d Bl Bluets t HHedyotis d ti llongifolia if li HEDYLON S4? FO 

Long-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton nodosus POTANOD S5 FO 

Long-leaved Speedwell Veronica longifolia VEROLON SE3 FO 

Long-leaved Stitchwort Stellaria longifolia STELLON S5 FO 

Long-scaled Nut Sedge Cyperus strigosus CYPESTR S5 SE 

Long-scaled Tussock Sedge Carex haydenii CAREHAY S4 SE 

Long-spiked Three-awn Grass Aristida longespica var. geniculata ARISLOG S2 GR 

Long-spined Hawthorn Crataegus macracantha CRATMAC S5 SH 

Long-spurred Violet Viola rostrata VIOLROS S5 FO 

Long-stalked Crane's-bill Geranium columbinum GERACOL SE1 FO 

Long-stalked Panic Grass Panicum perlongum PANIPER S2 GR 

Long-stalked Sedge Carex pedunculata CAREPED S5 SE 

Long-stalked Stitchwort Stellaria longipes STELLGP S5 FO 

Long-stemmed Waterwort Elatine triandra ELATTRI S3 FO 

Long-styled Canada Snakeroot Sanicula canadensis var. grandis SANICAG S2 FO 

Long-styled Rush Juncus longistylis JUNCLON S3 RU 

Loose-flowered Sedge Carex laxiflora CARELAX S5 SE 

Loose-flowered Water-milfoil Myriophyllum alterniflorum MYRIALT S4 FO 

Loosestrife Species Lysimachia sp LYSI-SP FO 

Lopseed Phryma leptostachya PHRYLEP S4S5 FO 

Lovage Levisticum officinale LEVIOFF SE1 FO 

Love Grass Species Eragrostis sp ERAG-SP GR 

Love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena NIGEDAM SE1 FO 

Low Baby's-breath Gypsophila muralis 

26 

GYPSMUR SE1 FO



Low Bindweed Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea CALYSPS S4S5 FO 

Low Fimbristylis Fimbristylis autumnalis FIMBAUT S4 SE 

Low Forked Chickweed Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata PAROFAF S1 FO 

Low Hairy Ground-cherry Physalis pubescens PHYSPUB SE1 FO 

Low Nut Rush Scleria verticillata SCLEVER S3 SE 

Low Serviceberry Amelanchier stolonifera AMELSTO S4? SH 

Low Water-milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum MYRIVER S5 FO 

Lowland Yellow Loosestrife Lysimachia hybrida LYSIHYB S1 FO 

Low-sweet Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium VACCANG S5 SH 

Lyme Grass Leymus arenarius LEYMARE SE1 GR 

Lyre-leaved Rock Cress Arabis lyrata ARABLYR S4 FO 

Mackay's Brittle Fern Cystopteris tenuis CYSTTEN S5 FE 

Mack's Horsetail Equisetum X mackaii EQUIMAC SHB3 FE 

Mahaleb Cherry Prunus mahaleb PRUNMAH SE2 SH 

Maiden Pink Dianthus deltoides DIANDEL SE2 FO 

Maidenhair Spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes ASPLTRT SU FE 

Male-fern Dryopteris filix-mas DRYOFIL S4 FE 

Mallow Species Malva sp MALV-SP FO 

Manitoba Maple Acer negundo ACERNEG S5 TR 

Manna Grass Species Torreyochloa sp TORR-SP GR 

Many-fruited Ludwigia Ludwigia polycarpa LUDWPOL S2S3 FO 

Many-leaved Lupine Lupinus polyphyllus LUPIPOL SE4 FO 

Maple Species Acer sp ACER-SP TR 

Maple-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium simplex CHENSIM S5 FO 

MMaple-leaved l l d Vib Viburnum Vib Viburnum acerifolium if li VIBUACE S5 SH 

Mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris HIPPVUL S5 FO 

Marginal Wood Fern Dryopteris marginalis DRYOMAR S5 FE 

Marijuana Cannabis sativa CANNSAT SE1 FO 

Marsh Arrow Grass Triglochin palustre TRIGPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Bedstraw Galium palustre GALIPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Bellflower Campanula aparinoides CAMPAPA S5 FO 

Marsh Blue Violet Viola cucullata VIOLCUC S5 FO 

Marsh Cinquefoil Potentilla palustris POTEPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum GNAPULI SE5 FO 

Marsh Dandelion Taraxacum palustre TARAPAL SE5 FO 

Marsh Fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens THELPAP S5 FE 

Marsh Goldenrod Solidago uliginosa SOLIULI S5 FO 

Marsh Hedge-nettle Stachys palustris STACPAL SE5 FO 

Marsh Horsetail Equisetum palustre EQUIPAL S5 FE 

Marsh Mallow Althaea officinalis ALTHOFF SE1 FO 

Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris CALTPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Mermaid-weed Proserpinaca palustris PROSPAL S4 FO 

Marsh Muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata MUHLGLO S5 GR 

Marsh Pennywort Hydrocotyle americana HYDRAME S5 FO 

Marsh Purslane Ludwigia palustris LUDWPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Sow-thistle Sonchus palustris SONCPAL SE1 FO 

Marsh Speedwell Veronica scutellata VEROSCU S5 FO 

Marsh Vetchling Lathyrus palustris 

27 

LATHPAL S5 VI



Marsh Willow-herb Epilobium palustre EPILPAL S5 FO 

Marsh Yellow-cress Rorippa palustris ssp. fernaldiana RORIPAF S5 FO 

Massachusetts Fern Thelypteris simulata THELSIM S1 FE 

Matted Panic Grass Panicum meridionale PANIMER S1 GR 

Matted Spike-rush Eleocharis intermedia ELEOINT S4 SE 

Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum PODOPEL S5 FO 

Meadow Chickweed Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense CERAARA SE3 FO 

Meadow Fescue Festuca pratensis FESTPRA SE5 GR 

Meadow Foxtail Alopecurus pratensis ALOPPRA SE5 GR 

Meadow Goat's-beard Tragopogon pratensis ssp. pratensis TRAGPRP SE5 FO 

Meadow Horsetail Equisetum pratense EQUIPRA S5 FE 

Meadow Sage Salvia pratensis SALVPRA SE2 FO 

Meadow Sedge Carex granularis CAREGRN S5 SE 

Meadow Spikemoss Selaginella eclipes SELAECL S4 FE 

Meadow-rue Species Thalictrum sp THAL-SP FO 

Meadowsweet Species Spiraea sp SPIR-SP SH 

Mead's Sedge Carex meadii CAREMEA S2 SE 

Media Sand Spurrey Spergularia media SPERMED SE3 FO 

Medicago Species Medicago sp MEDI-SP FO 

Melica-leaf False Oats Trisetum melicoides TRISMEL S4 GR 

Menzies Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera oblongifolia GOODOBL S4 FO 

Merritt's Sedge Carex merritt-fernaldii CAREMER S5 SE 

Mexican Prickly Poppy Argemone mexicana ARGEMEX SE1 FO 

Mexican Tea Chenopodium ambrosioides CHENAMB SE1 FO 

Mi Miami-mist i i t Ph Phacelia li purshii hii PHACPUR S1 FO 

Michigan Lily Lilium michiganense LILIMIC S5 FO 

Midland Sedge Carex mesochorea CAREMES S1 SE 

Mild Water Pepper Polygonum hydropiperoides POLYHYD S5 FO 

Milkvetch Species Astragalus sp ASTR-SP FO 

Milkweed Species Asclepias sp ASCL-SP FO 

Milkwort Species Polygala sp POGA-SP FO 

Mingan Grape Fern Botrychium minganense BOTRMIN S4 FE 

Mint Species Mentha sp MENT-SP FO 

Missouri Ironweed Vernonia missurica VERNMIS S3? FO 

Missouri Willow Salix eriocephala SALIERI S5 SH 

Mistflower Eupatorium coelestinum EUPACOE SE1 FO 

Monarda Species Monarda sp MONA-SP FO 

Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia LYSINUM SE5 FO 

Monkey-flower Species Mimulus sp MIMU-SP FO 

Moonseed Menispermum canadense MENICAN S4 VW 

Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii LONIMOR SE3 SH 

Mosquito Bulrush Scirpus hattorianus SCIRHAT S4 SE 

Mosquito Fern Azolla caroliniana AZOLCAR S1? FE 

Mossy Stonecrop Sedum acre SEDUACR SE5 FO 

Moth Mullein Verbascum blattaria VERBBLA SE5 FO 

Mother-of-thyme Acinos arvensis ACINARV SE5 FO 

Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca LEONCAC SE5 FO 

Mountain Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera villosa LONIVIL S5 SH 

28



Mountain Maple Acer spicatum ACERSPI S5 SH 

Mountain Mint Species Pycnanthemum sp PYCN-SP FO 

Mountain Woodsia Woodsia scopulina WOODSCO S3 FE 

Mountain-ash Species Sorbus sp SORB-SP SH 

Mountain-holly Nemopanthus mucronatus NEMOMUC S5 SH 

Mouse-ear Hawkweed Hieracium pilosella HIERPLO SE5 FO 

Mouse-tail Myosurus minimus MYOSMIN S2 FO 

Mouse-tail Fescue Vulpia myuros VULPMYU SE1 GR 

Much-cleft Conobea Leucospora multifida LEUCMUL S2 FO 

Mud Sedge Carex limosa CARELIM S5 SE 

Muhlenberg's Sedge Carex muhlenbergii var. muhlenbergii CAREMUH S4S5 SE 

Mulberry Species Morus sp MORU-SP TR 

Mullein Pink Lychnis coronaria LYCHCOR SE3 FO 

Multiflora Rose Rosa multiflora ROSAMUL SE4 SH 

Musk Mallow Malva moschata MALVMOS SE5 FO 

Musky Monkey-flower Mimulus moschatus MIMUMOS S2? FO 

Mustard Species Brassica sp BRAS-SP FO 

Naiad Species Najas sp NAJA-SP FO 

Naked Mitrewort Mitella nuda MITENUD S5 FO 

Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil Desmodium nudiflorum DESMNUD S4 FO 

Nannyberry Viburnum lentago VIBULEN S5 SH 

Nap-at-noon Ornithogalum umbellatum ORNIUMB SE3 FO 

Narrow False Oats Trisetum spicatum TRISSPI S4 GR 

Narrow Reed Grass Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa CALASTI S5 GR 

NNarrow-leaved l d BBur-reed d SSparganium i emersum ssp. emersum SPAREME S5 FO 

Narrow-leaved Cattail Typha angustifolia TYPHANG S5 FO 

Narrow-leaved Cattail Sedge Carex squarrosa CARESQU S2 SE 

Narrow-leaved Gentian Gentiana linearis GENTLIN S4 FO 

Narrow-leaved Hawk's Beard Crepis tectorum CREPTEC SE5 FO 

Narrow-leaved Hawkweed Hieracium umbellatum HIERUMB SE FO 

Narrow-leaved Knotweed Polygonum neglectum POLYNEG S4? FO 

Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet Spiraea alba SPIRALB S5 SH 

Narrow-leaved New Jersey Tea Ceanothus herbaceus CEANHER S4 SH 

Narrow-leaved Panic Grass Panicum linearifolium PANILIN S4S5 GR 

Narrow-leaved Pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale LEPIRUD SE3 FO 

Narrow-leaved Spleenwort Diplazium pycnocarpon DIPLPYC S4 FE 

Narrow-leaved Vervain Verbena simplex VERBSIM S4 FO 

Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Alisma gramineum ALISGRA S4 FO 

Narrow-leaved Willow-herb Epilobium leptophyllum EPILLEP S5 FO 

Narrow-leaved Wood Sedge Carex digitalis CAREDIG S4S5 SE 

Narrow-leaved Woolly Sedge Carex lasiocarpa CARELAS S5 SE 

Navel-shaped Corn-salad Valerianella umbilicata VALEUMB S1 FO 

Necklace Sedge Carex projecta CAREPRO S5 SE 

Necklace-like Spiked Sedge Carex ormostachya CAREORM S4 SE 

Needle Beak Rush Rhynchospora capillacea RHYNCAP S4? SE 

Needle Spike-rush Eleocharis acicularis ELEOACI S5 SE 

Nelson's Horsetail Equisetum X nelsonii EQUINEL SHB2? FE 

Nerveless Muhlenber's Sedge Carex muhlenbergii var. enervis 

29 

CAREMUE S1S2 SE



Nettle Species Urtica sp URTI-SP FO 

Nettle-leaved Bellflower Campanula trachelium CAMPTRA SE1 FO 

New England Aster Aster novae-angliae ASTENOV S5 FO 

New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus CEANAME S4 SH 

New Jersey Tea Species Ceanothus sp CEAN-SP SH 

New York Fern Thelypteris noveboracensis THELNOV S4S5 FE 

Niblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi MUHLSCH S4 GR 

Night-flowering Catchfly Silene noctiflora SILENOC SE5 FO 

Nightshade Species Solanum sp SOLA-SP FO 

Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius PHYSOPU S5 SH 

Nipplewort Lapsana communis LAPSCOM SE5 FO 

Nodding Beggar-ticks Bidens cernua BIDECER S5 FO 

Nodding Chickweed Cerastium nutans CERANUT S4 FO 

Nodding Fescue Festuca subverticillata FESTSUB S4 GR 

Nodding Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes cernua SPIRCER S5 FO 

Nodding Pogonia Triphora trianthophora TRIPTRI S1 FO 

Nodding Sedge Carex gynandra CAREGYN S5 SE 

Nodding Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum nutans ORNINUT SE1 FO 

Nodding Thistle Carduus nutans ssp. leiophyllus CARDNUL SE5 FO 

Nodding Trillium Trillium cernuum TRILCER S5 FO 

Nodding Wild Onion Allium cernuum ALLICER S2 FO 

Norrow-leaved Wild Leek Allium burdickii ALLIBUR S1? FO 

Northern Adder's-tongue Ophioglossum pusillum OPHIPUS S4S5 FE 

Northern Arrowhead Sagittaria cuneata SAGICUN S4? FO 

NNorthern th BBedstraw d t GGalium li bboreale l GALIBOR S5 FO 

Northern Beech Fern Phegopteris connectilis PHEGCON S5 FE 

Northern Blue Violet Viola septentrionalis VIOLSEP SU FO 

Northern Blue-flag Iris versicolor IRISVER S5 FO 

Northern Bog Clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata LYCOIND S5 FE 

Northern Bog Violet Viola nephrophylla VIOLNEP S4 FO 

Northern Catalpa Catalpa speciosa CATASPE SE1 TR 

Northern Commandra Geocaulon lividum GEOCLIV S5 FO 

Northern Cudweed Gnaphalium macounii GNAPMAC S5 FO 

Northern Dewberry Rubus flagellaris RUBUFLA S4 SH 

Northern Dropseed Sporobolus heterolepis SPORHET S3 GR 

Northern Glyceria Glyceria borealis GLYCBOR S5 GR 

Northern Hawkweed Hieracium scabriusculum HIERSCA SE FO 

Northern Hawthorn Crataegus dissona CRATDIN S3 SH 

Northern Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum ATHYFIA S5 FE 

Northern Long-awned Wood Grass Brachyelytrum erectum var. glabratum BRACERG S4S5 GR 

Northern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum pedatum ADIAPED S5 FE 

Northern Moss Phlox Phlox subulata ssp. subulata PHLOSUS S1? FO 

Northern Panic Grass Panicum boreale PANIBOR S4 GR 

Northern Pin Oak Quercus ellipsoidalis QUERELL S3 TR 

Northern Running-pine Diphasiastrum complanatum DIPHCOM S5 FE 

Northern Sedge Carex deflexa CAREDEF S5 SE 

Northern Single-spike Sedge Carex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea CARESCI S5 SE 

Northern Slender Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes lacera var. lacera 

30 

SPIRLAL S4S5 FO



Northern Spikemoss Selaginella selaginoides SELASEL S4 FE 

Northern St. John's-wort Hypericum mutilum ssp. boreale HYPEMUB S5 FO 

Northern Stitchwort Stellaria borealis ssp. borealis STELBOB S5 FO 

Northern Water-horehound Lycopus uniflorus LYCOUNI S5 FO 

Northern White-edged Sedge Carex debilis CAREDEB S5 SE 

Northern White-fringed Orchid Platanthera blephariglottis var. blephariglottis PLATBLB S4 FO 

Northern Wild Black Currant Ribes hudsonianum RIBEHUD S5 SH 

Northern Wild Rice Zizania palustris ZIZAPAL S4 GR 

Northern Willow-herb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum EPILCIG SU FO 

Northern Wintercress Barbarea orthoceras BARBORT S4? FO 

Northern Yellow-eyed-grass Xyris montana XYRIMON S4 FO 

Norway Maple Acer platanoides ACERPLA SE5 TR 

Norway Sedge Carex novae-angliae CARENOE S4 SE 

Norway Spruce Picea abies PICEABI SE3 TR 

Not Applicable Not Applicable NA 

Nottoway Brome Bromus nottowayanus BROMNOT S1S2 GR 

Nut Rush Species Scleria sp SCLE-SP SE 

Nuttall's Goose Grass Puccinellia nuttalliana PUCCNUT SE1 GR 

Oak Species Quercus sp QUER-SP TR 

Oakes' Evening-primrose Oenothera oakesiana OENOOAK S4? FO 

Oakes' Pondweed Potamogeton oakesianus POTAOAK S4 FO 

Oak-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum ssp. glaucum CHENGLG SE5 FO 

Oat Grass Species Danthonia sp DANT-SP GR 

Ohio Buckeye Aesculus glabra AESCGLG S1 TR 

Ohi Ohio Goldenrod G ld d Solidago S lid ohioensis hi i SOLIOHI S4 FO 

One-cone Clubmoss Lycopodium lagopus LYCOLAG S4? FE 

One-flowered Cancer Root Orobanche uniflora OROBUNI S4 FO 

One-flowered Pyrola Moneses uniflora MONEUNF S5 FO 

One-flowered Satin Grass Muhlenbergia uniflora MUHLUNI S4 GR 

One-seeded Bur Cucumber Sicyos angulatus SICYANG S5 VI 

One-seeded Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna CRATMON SE5 SH 

One-sided Aster Aster lateriflorus var. lateriflorus ASTELAF S5 FO 

One-sided Blue Grass Poa secunda POA-SEC S1 GR 

One-sided Shinleaf Orthilia secunda ORTHSEC S5 FO 

Onion Species Allium sp ALLI-SP FO 

Ontario Aster Aster ontarionis var. ontarionis ASTEONO S4 FO 

Ontario Goldenrod Solidago simplex var. ontarioensis SOLISIO S3? FO 

Orach Species Atriplex sp ATRP-SP FO 

Orange Coneflower Rudbeckia fulgida RUDBFUL S1 FO 

Orange Hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum HIERAUR SE5 FO 

Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata DACTGLO SE5 GR 

Orchid Species Platanthera sp PLAT-SP FO 

Oregon Woodsia Woodsia oregana ssp. cathcartiana WOODORC S4 FE 

Oriental Poppy Papaver orientale PAPAORI SE1 FO 

Osage-orange Maclura pomifera MACLPOM SE2 SH 

Osmunda Species Osmunda sp OSMU-SP FE 

Ostrich Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica MATTSTP S5 FE 

Oswego Tea Monarda didyma 

31 

MONADID S3 FO



Oval Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata SPIROVE S1 FO 

Oval-headed Sedge Carex cephalophora CARECEH S5 SE 

Oval-leaved Privet Ligustrum ovalifolium LIGUOVA SE1 SH 

Ovate Spike-rush Eleocharis ovata ELEOOVA S5 SE 

Ox-eye Daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum CHRYLEU SE5 FO 

Ozark Dropseed Sporobolus ozarkanus SPOROZA S2? GR 

Painted Trillium Trillium undulatum TRILUND S5? FO 

Pale Alyssum Alyssum alyssoides ALYSALY SE5 FO 

Pale Avens Geum virginianum GEUMVIR S1 FO 

Pale Corydalis Corydalis flavula CORYFLA S2 FO 

Pale Dock Rumex altissimus RUMEALT S2? FO 

Pale False Foxglove Agalinis skinneriana AGALSKI S1 FO 

Pale Jewel-weed Impatiens pallida IMPAPAL S5 FO 

Pale Manna Grass Torreyochloa fernaldii TORRFER S4 GR 

Pale Plantain Plantago rugelii PLANRUG S5 FO 

Pale Purple Coneflower Echinacea pallida ECHIPAL S1 FO 

Pale Sedge Carex pallescens CAREPAE S5 SE 

Pale Smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium POLYLAP S5 FO 

Pale St. John's-wort Hypericum ellipticum HYPEELL S5 FO 

Pale Vetchling Lathyrus ochroleucus LATHOCH S4 VI 

Pale Water-milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum MYRISIB S5 FO 

Pale-leaved Wood Sunflower Helianthus strumosus HELISTR S5 FO 

Pale-spiked Lobelia Lobelia spicata LOBESPI S4 FO 

Pallas Bugseed Corispermum pallasii CORIPAL S1S3 FO 

PPanic i GGrass Panicum P i columbianum l bi var. siccanum i PANICOS S4 GR 

Panic Grass Species Panicum sp PANI-SP GR 

Panicled Aster Aster lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus ASTELAN S5 FO 

Panicled Hawkweed Hieracium paniculatum HIERPAN S2? FO 

Panicled Tick-trefoil Desmodium paniculatum var. paniculatum DESMPAP S4 FO 

Parry's Sedge Carex parryana CAREPAR S1? SE 

Partridge Berry Mitchella repens MITCREP S5 SH 

Pasture Rose Rosa carolina ROSACAR S4 SH 

Path Rush Juncus tenuis JUNCTEN S5 RU 

Pawpaw Asimina triloba ASIMTRI S3 SH 

Peach-leaved Willow Salix amygdaloides SALIAMY S5 TR 

Pear Hawthorn Crataegus calpodendron CRATCAL S4S5 SH 

Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea ANAPMAR S5 FO 

Pear-shaped Hawthorn Crataegus apiomorpha CRATAPI S1S2 SH 

Peck's Sedge Carex peckii CAREPEC S5 SE 

Pedicelled Bulrush Scirpus pedicellatus SCIRPED S4? SE 

Pedicelled Hawthorn Crataegus pedicellata CRATPED SRF SH 

Pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica PARIPEN S4 FO 

Pennsylvania Bitter Cress Cardamine pensylvanica CARDPEN S5 FO 

Pennsylvania Hawthorn Crataegus pennsylvanica CRATPEN S1S2 SH 

Pennsylvania Sedge Carex pensylvanica CAREPEN S5 SE 

Pepper-grass Species Lepidium sp LEPI-SP FO 

Peppermint Mentha X piperita MENTPIP SHBE4 FO 

Perennial Blue Flax Linum perenne 

32 

LINUPER SE3 FO



Perennial Ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya AMBRPSI S4 FO 

Perennial Rye Grass Lolium perenne LOLIPER SE4 GR 

Perennial Sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus SONCARU SE5 FO 

Perfoliate Bellwort Uvularia perfoliata UVULPER S1 FO 

Perfoliate Horse Gentain Triosteum perfoliatum TRIOPER S1 FO 

Periwinkle Vinca minor VINCMIN SE5 VW 

Persian Walnut Juglans regia JUGLREG SE1 TR 

Petty Spurge Euphorbia peplus EUPHPEP SE4 FO 

Philadelphia Fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. philadelphicus ERIGPHP S5 FO 

Philadelphia Panic Grass Panicum philadelphicum PANIPHI S4 GR 

Phlox Species Phlox sp PHLO-SP FO 

Pickerel-weed Pontederia cordata PONTCOR S5 FO 

Pignut Hickory Carya glabra CARYGLA S3 TR 

Pigweed Species Amaranthus sp AMAR-SP FO 

Pilewort Erechtites hieracifolia ERECHIE S5 FO 

Pin Cherry Prunus pensylvanica PRUNPEN S5 SH 

Pin Oak Quercus palustris QUERPAL S4 TR 

Pine Species Pinus sp PINU-SP TR 

Pineapple Weed Matricaria matricarioides MATMATR SE5 FO 

Pinesap Monotropa hypopithys MONOHIP S4 FO 

Pink Corydalis Corydalis sempervirens CORYSEM S5 FO 

Pink Jewel-weed Impatiens glandulifera IMPAGLA SE4 FO 

Pink Knotweed Polygonum pensylvanicum POLYPEN S5 FO 

Pink Milkwort Polygala incarnata POLYINC S1 FO 

Pi Pink k Moccasin M i Flower Fl Cypripedium C i di acaule l CYPRACA S5 FO 

Pink Pyrola Pyrola asarifolia PYROASA S5 FO 

Pink Species Dianthus sp DIAN-SP FO 

Pink Spring Cress Cardamine douglassii CARDDOU S4 FO 

Pinnate Tansy-mustard Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa DESCPIB S4 FO 

Pinweed Species Lechea sp LECH-SP FO 

Pipewort Eriocaulon aquaticum ERIOAQU S5 FO 

Pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica CHIMUMC S5 SH 

Pitch Pine Pinus rigida PINURIG S2? TR 

Pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea SARRPUR S5 FO 

Pitcher's Thistle Cirsium pitcheri CIRSPIT S2 FO 

Plains Blue Grass Poa arida POA-ARI SE4 GR 

Plains Puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense var. croceum LITHCAC S3 FO 

Plains Sea-blite Suaeda calceoliformis SUAECAL S2 FO 

Plains Sunflower Helianthus petiolaris ssp. petiolaris HELIPEP SE1 FO 

Plantain Species Plantago sp PLAN-SP FO 

Plantain-leaved Sedge Carex plantaginea CAREPLA S5 SE 

Plumeless Thistle Species Carduus sp CARU-SP FO 

Pod Grass Scheuchzeria palustris SCHEPAL S4S5 FO 

Pointed Broom Sedge Carex scoparia CARESCO S5 SE 

Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum DESMGLU S4 FO 

Poison Hemlock Conium maculatum CONIMAC SE2? FO 

Poison Sumac Rhus vernix RHUSVER S4 SH 

Poke Milkweed Asclepias exaltata 

33 

ASCLEXA S4 FO



Pokeweed Phytolacca americana PHYTAME S4 FO 

Pond-lily Species Nuphar sp NUPH-SP FO 

Pondweed Species Potamogeton sp POTA-SP FO 

Poplar Species Populus sp POPU-SP TR 

Porcupine Grass Stipa spartea STIPSPA S4 GR 

Porcupine Sedge Carex hystericina CAREHYS S5 SE 

Potato-weed Galinsoga parviflora GALIPAR SE FO 

Pot-marigold Calendula officinalis CALEOFF SE1 FO 

Poverty Dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus SPORVAG S4 GR 

Poverty Oat Grass Danthonia spicata DANTSPI S5 GR 

Prairie Brome Bromus kalmii BROMKAL S4 GR 

Prairie Buttercup Ranunculus rhomboideus RANURHO S4 FO 

Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera RATICOL SE1 FO 

Prairie Dock Silphium terebinthinaceum var. terebinthinaceum SILPTET S1 FO 

Prairie Dodder Cuscuta campestris CUSCCAM S2 FO 

Prairie Evening-primrose Oenothera pilosella ssp. pilosella OENOPIP S2 FO 

Prairie Hummock Sedge Carex richardsonii CARERIC S4? SE 

Prairie Milkweed Asclepias sullivantii ASCLSUL S3 FO 

Prairie Panic Grass Panicum leibergii PANILEI S2 GR 

Prairie Ragwort Senecio plattensis SENEPLA S2S3 FO 

Prairie Rose Rosa setigera ROSASET S3 SH 

Prairie Rosin-weed Silphium integrifolium SILPINT SE1 FO 

Prairie Sedge Carex prairea CAREPRI S5 SE 

Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum GEUMTRI S4 FO 

PPrairie i i St Straw Sedge S d CCarex suberecta b t CARESUB S2 SE 

Prairie Sunflower Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus HELIPAS S2S3 FO 

Prairie Thistle Cirsium hillii CIRSHIL S3 FO 

Prairie Three-awn Grass Aristida oligantha ARISOLI SE2 GR 

Prairie Violet Viola pedatifida VIOLPDF S1 FO 

Prairie Wedge Grass Sphenopholis obtusata SPHEOBT S1 GR 

Prairie Wormwood Artemisia frigida ARTEFRI S3 FO 

Pretty Pinweed Lechea pulchella var. pulchella LECHPUP S1 FO 

Prickly Comfrey Symphytum asperum SYMPASP SE2 FO 

Prickly Gooseberry Ribes cynosbati RIBECYN S5 SH 

Prickly Hornwort Ceratophyllum echinatum CERAECH S3? FO 

Prickly Lettuce Lactuca serriola LACTSER SE5 FO 

Prickly Mallow Sida spinosa SIDASPI SE2 FO 

Prickly Nightshade Solanum rostratum SOLAROS SE1 FO 

Prickly Tree Clubmoss Lycopodium dendroideum LYCODEN S5 FE 

Prickly Wild Rose Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi ROSAACS S5 SH 

Prickly-ash Zanthoxylum americanum ZANTAME S5 SH 

Prince's Feather Polygonum orientale POLYORI SE3 FO 

Pringle's Aster Aster pilosus var. pringlei ASTEPIR S4 FO 

Pringle's Hawthorn Crataegus pringlei CRATPRI S5 SH 

Procumbent Pearlwort Sagina procumbens SAGIPRO SE4 FO 

Prostrate Broomspurge Chamaesyce humistrata CHAMHUM SE1 FO 

Prostrate Pigweed Amaranthus blitoides AMARBLI SE4? FO 

Pumpkin Ash Fraxinus profunda 

34 

FRAXPRO S2? TR



Purple Bergamot Monarda media MONAMED S1 FO 

Purple Clematis Clematis occidentalis CLEMOCC S4S5 VW 

Purple Cockle Agrostemma githago AGROGIT SE3 FO 

Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea ECHIPUR SE1 FO 

Purple Dead-nettle Lamium purpureum LAMIPUR SE3 FO 

Purple False Foxglove Agalinis purpurea AGALPUR S1 FO 

Purple Flowering Raspberry Rubus odoratus RUBUODO S5 SH 

Purple Giant-hyssop Agastache scropuhlariifolia AGASSCR S1 FO 

Purple Joe-pye-weed Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum EUPAPUP S4 FO 

Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria LYTHSAL SE5 FO 

Purple Love Grass Eragrostis spectabilis ERAGSPE S4 GR 

Purple Meadow-rue Thalictrum dasycarpum THALDAS S4? FO 

Purple Milkweed Asclepias purpurascens ASCLPUR S2 FO 

Purple Osier Willow Salix purpurea SALIPUR SE4 SH 

Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea DALEPUR S1 FO 

Purple Rock Cress Arabis divaricarpa var. divaricarpa ARABDIL S5 FO 

Purple Vetch Vicia americana VICIAME S5 VI 

Purple-flowered Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum giganteum CAULGIG S4? FO 

Purple-headed Sneezeweed Helenium flexuosum HELEFLE SE2? FO 

Purple-leaved Willow-herb Epilobium coloratum EPILCOL S5 FO 

Purple-stem Angelica Angelica atropurpurea ANGEATR S5 FO 

Purple-stem Aster Aster puniceus var. puniceus ASTEPUP S5 FO 

Purple-stem Cliff-brake Pellaea atropurpurea PELLATR S3 FE 

Purple-stem Gentian Gentiana rubricaulis GENTRUB S4 FO 

PPurple-tinged l ti d SSedge d CCarex woodii dii CAREWOO S4 SE 

Purpletop Tridens flavus TRIDFLA SE1 GR 

Purple-vein Rocket Eruca vesicaria ERUCVES SE1 FO 

Pursh's Bulrush Scirpus purshianus SCIRPUR S1? SE 

Purslane Portulaca oleracea PORTOLE SE5 FO 

Purslane Speedwell Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina VEROPEP S5 FO 

Pussy Willow Salix discolor SALIDIS S5 SH 

Pussytoes Species Antennaria sp ANTE-SP FO 

Putty-root Aplectrum hyemale APLEHYE S2 FO 

Pyrola Species Pyrola sp PYRO-SP FO 

Quack Grass Elymus repens ELYMREP SE5 GR 

Quick Weed Galinsoga quadriradiata GALIQUA SE5 FO 

Quill Spike-rush Eleocharis nitida ELEONIT S2S3 SE 

Quillwort Species Isoetes sp ISOE-SP FE 

Rabbit-foot Clover Trifolium arvense TRIFARV SE4 FO 

Racemed Milkwort Polygala polygama POLYPOL S4 FO 

Radiate Sedge Carex radiata CARERAD S4 SE 

Ragged-fringed Orchid Platanthera lacera PLATLAC S4S5 FO 

Ragweed Species Ambrosia sp AMBR-SP FO 

Ragwort Species Senecio sp SENE-SP FO 

Raindeer Moss Species Cladonia sp CLAD-SP LC 

Ram's-head Lady's Slipper Cypripedium arietinum CYPRARI S3 FO 

Rand's Goldenrod Solidago simplex var. gillmanii SOLISIG S1 FO 

Rape Brassica napus 

35 

BRASNAP SE1 FO



Rattlesnake Chess Bromus briziformis BROMBRI SE1 GR 

Rattlesnake Fern Botrychium virginianum BOTRVIR S5 FE 

Rattlesnake Glyceria Glyceria canadensis GLYCCAN S4S5 GR 

Rattlesnake Plantain Species Goodyera sp GOOD-SP FO 

Rattlesnake Weed Hieracium venosum HIERVEN S2 FO 

Raven's-foot Sedge Carex crus-corvi CARECRU S1 SE 

Rayless Annual Aster Aster brachyactis ASTEBRA S4 FO 

Red Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAXPEN S5 TR 

Red Baneberry Actaea rubra ACTARUB S5 FO 

Red Clover Trifolium pratense TRIFPRA SE5 FO 

Red Fescue Festuca rubra FESTRUB S5 GR 

Red Maple Acer rubrum ACERRUB S5 TR 

Red Mulberry Morus rubra MORURUB S2 TR 

Red Oak Quercus rubra QUERRUB S5 TR 

Red Orache Atriplex rosea ATRIROS SE1 FO 

Red Pine Pinus resinosa PINURES S5 TR 

Red Pondweed Potamogeton alpinus POTAALP S5 FO 

Red Raspberry Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus RUBUIDI SE1 SH 

Red Sand Spurrey Spergularia rubra SPERRUB SE3? FO 

Red Spruce Picea rubens PICERUB S3 TR 

Red Trillium Trillium erectum TRILERE S5 FO 

Red-berried Elderberry Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens SAMBRAP S5 SH 

Redbud Cercis canadensis CERCCAN SX SH 

Red-disked Yellow Pond-lily Nuphar rubrodisca NUPHRUB S3? FO 

RRed-osier d i DDogwood d CCornus stolonifera t l if CORNSTO S5 SH 

Redroot Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus AMARRET SE5 FO 

Red-rooted Nut Sedge Cyperus erythrorhizos CYPEERY S4 SE 

Red-seeded Dandelion Taraxacum erythrospermum TARAERY SE5 FO 

Redstem Filaree Erodium cicutarium ERODCIC SE3 FO 

Red-stemmed Spike-rush Eleocharis erythropoda ELEOERY S5 SE 

Redtop Grass Agrostis gigantea AGROGIG SE5 GR 

Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea PHALARU S5 GR 

Reed Grass Species Calamagrostis sp CALA-SP GR 

Reflexed Sedge Carex retroflexa CARERTF S2 SE 

Reflex-leaved Sage Salvia reflexa SALVREF SE1 FO 

Retrorse Sedge Carex retrorsa CARERET S5 SE 

Rhodora Rhododendron canadense RHODCAN S1 SH 

Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum RHEURHA SE2 FO 

Ribbed Sedge Carex virescens CAREVIR S3 SE 

Ribbon-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus POTAEPI S4S5 FO 

Ribgrass Plantago lanceolata PLANLAN SE5 FO 

Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides LEERORY S5 GR 

Rice Grass Species Oryzopsis sp ORYZ-SP GR 

Richardson's Pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii POTARIC S5 FO 

Riddell's Goldenrod Solidago riddellii SOLIRID S3 FO 

Ridged Sedge Carex gynocrates CAREGYO S5 SE 

Ridged Yellow Flax Linum striatum LINUSTR S1 FO 

Ridge-seeded Broomspurge Chamaesyce glyptosperma 

36 

CHAMGLY SE5 FO



Rigid Sedge Carex tetanica CARETET S3 SE 

River Bulrush Scirpus fluviatilis SCIRFLU S4S5 SE 

Riverbank Grape Vitis riparia VITIRIP S5 VW 

Riverbank Quillwort Isoetes riparia ISOERIP S3 FE 

Riverbank Sedge Carex emoryi CAREEMO S4 SE 

Riverbank Wild Rye Elymus riparius ELYMRIP S4? GR 

River-weed Podostemum ceratophyllum PODOCER S2 FO 

Robbins' Spike-rush Eleocharis robbinsii ELEOROB S4 SE 

Robin's Plantain Erigeron pulchellus ERIGPUL S5 FO 

Rock Alyssum Alyssum murale ALYSMUR SE1 FO 

Rock Cress Species Arabis sp ARAB-SP FO 

Rock Elm Ulmus thomasii ULMUTHO S4? TR 

Rock Polypody Polypodium virginianum POLYVIG S5 FE 

Rock Sandwort Minuartia michauxii MINUMIC S5 FO 

Rock Satin Grass Muhlenbergia sobolifera MUHLSOB S1 GR 

Rock Spikemoss Selaginella rupestris SELARUP S5 FE 

Rock-cress Whitlow-grass Draba arabisans DRABARA S4 FO 

Rocket Larkspur Consolida ajacis CONSAJA SE1 FO 

Rock-geranium Heuchera americana var. americana HEUCAMA S2 FO 

Rocky Mountain Fescue Festuca saximontana FESTSAX S4 GR 

Roman Wormwood Artemisia pontica ARTEPON SE2? FO 

Rose Pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides POGOOPH S4S5 FO 

Rose Species Rosa sp ROSA-SP SH 

Rose Twisted Stalk Streptopus roseus STREROS S5 FO 

RRough h AAvens GGeum llaciniatum i i t GEUMLAC S4 FO 

Rough Bedstraw Galium asprellum GALIASP S5 FO 

Rough Blazing Star Liatris aspera var. intermedia LIATASI S2 FO 

Rough Blue Grass Poa trivialis POA-TRI SE3 GR 

Rough Brome Bromus squarrosus BROMSQU SE2 GR 

Rough Cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis POTENOM S5 FO 

Rough Dropseed Sporobolus asper SPORASP S2 GR 

Rough Goldenrod Solidago rugosa ssp. rugosa SOLIRUR S5 FO 

Rough Hair Grass Agrostis scabra AGROSCA S5 GR 

Rough Hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides LEONTAT SE1 FO 

Rough Hawkweed Hieracium scabrum HIERSCB S4 FO 

Rough Hawthorn Crataegus scabrida CRATSCA S3? SH 

Rough Hedge-nettle Stachys hispida STACHIS S4S5 FO 

Rough Pennyroyal Hedeoma hispidum HEDEHIS S4 FO 

Rough Sand Sedge Cyperus schweinitzii CYPESCH S3 SE 

Rough Sedge Carex scabrata CARESCA S5 SE 

Rough Woodland Sunflower Helianthus divaricatus HELIDIV S5 FO 

Rough-clustered Sedge Carex cephaloidea CARECEP S5 SE 

Rough-fruited Cinquefoil Potentilla recta POTEREC SE5 FO 

Rough-leaved Dogwood Cornus drummondii CORNDRU S4 SH 

Rough-leaved Goldenrod Solidago patula SOLIPAT S5 FO 

Rough-leaved Rice Grass Oryzopsis asperifolia ORYZASP S5 GR 

Rough-pointed Sedge Carex muricata CAREMUR SE1 SE 

Rough-seed Clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra 

37 

POLADOD S4 FO



Round-fruited Panic Grass Panicum sphaerocarpon PANISPH S3 GR 

Round-fruited St. John's-wort Hypericum sphaerocarpum HYPESPH S1 FO 

Round-headed Bush-clover Lespedeza capitata LESPCAP S4 FO 

Round-leaved Dogwood Cornus rugosa CORNRUG S5 SH 

Round-leaved Hawthorn Crataegus lumaria CRATLUM S3? SH 

Round-leaved Mallow Malva rotundifolia MALVROT SE2 FO 

Round-leaved Mint Mentha suaveolens MENTSUA SE1 FO 

Round-leaved Orchis Amerorchis rotundifolia AMERROT S4S5 FO 

Round-leaved Pyrola Pyrola americana PYROAME S4? FO 

Round-leaved Ragwort Senecio obovatus SENEOBO S3 FO 

Round-leaved Serviceberry Amelanchier sanguinea AMELSAN S5? SH 

Round-leaved Sundew Drosera rotundifolia DROSROT S5 FO 

Round-leaved Tick-trefoil Desmodium rotundifolium DESMROT S2 FO 

Round-leaved Violet Viola rotundifolia VIOLROT SH FO 

Round-lobed Hepatica Anemone americana ANEMAME S5 FO 

Round-stem False Foxglove Agalinis gattingeri AGALGAT S2 FO 

Royal Fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis OSMURES S5 FE 

Royal Hawthorn Crataegus schuettei CRATSCH S4 SH 

Rubus Species Rubus sp RUBU-SP SH 

Rue Anemone Thalictrum thalictroides THALTHA S3 FO 

Running Marsh Sedge Carex sartwellii CARESAR S4 SE 

Running Strawberry-bush Euonymus obovata EUONOBO S5 SH 

Running-pine Species Diphasiastrum sp DIPH-SP FE 

Rush Juncus pylaei JUNCPYL S5? RU 

RRush h Aster A t Aster A t borealis b li ASTEBOR S5 FO 

Rush Species Juncus sp JUNC-SP RU 

Russian Olive Elaeagnus angustifolia ELAEANG SE3 SH 

Russian Thistle Salsola tragus SALSTRA SE5 FO 

Rusty Woodsia Woodsia ilvensis WOODILV S5 FE 

Rye Secale cereale SECACER SE3 GR 

Rye Grass Species Lolium sp LOLI-SP GR 

Sage-leaved Willow Salix candida SALICAN S5 SH 

Sagewort Wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata ARTECAC S4S5 FO 

Sago Pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus POTAPEC S5 FO 

Salad Burnet Sanguisorba minor SANGMIN SE4 FO 

Sallow Sedge Carex lurida CARELUR S5 SE 

Salt-marsh Aster Aster subulatus var. subulatus ASTESUS SE2 FO 

Salt-marsh Bulrush Scirpus maritimus SCIRMAR S3? SE 

Salt-marsh Grass Spartina patens SPARPAT SE1 GR 

Saltmarsh Sand Spurrey Spergularia marina SPERMAR SH FO 

Sand Cherry Prunus pumila var. pumila PRUNPUP S3 SH 

Sand Dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus SPORCRF S4 GR 

Sand Grass Triplasis purpurea TRIPPUR S4? GR 

Sand Heather Hudsonia tomentosa HUDSTOM S3 SH 

Sand Hedge-nettle Stachys pilosa var. arenicola STACPIA SU FO 

Sand Plantain Plantago arenaria PLANARE SE4 FO 

Sand Reed Calamovilfa longifolia var. magna CALALOM S3 GR 

Sand Rocket Diplotaxis muralis 

38 

DIPLMUR SE1 FO



Sandbar Love Grass Eragrostis frankii ERAGFRA S4 GR 

Sandbar Willow Salix exigua SALIEXI S5 SH 

Sandbur Cenchrus longispinus CENCLON S4 GR 

Sarsaparilla Species Aralia sp ARAL-SP FO 

Saskatoon Berry Amelanchier alnifolia AMELALN S4? SH 

Sassafras Sassafras albidum SASSALB S4 TR 

Satin Grass Species Muhlenbergia sp MUHL-SP GR 

Savanna Pinweed Lechea intermedia LECHINT S4 FO 

Savin-leaf Club-moss Diphasiastrum X sabinifolium DIPHSAB S3 FE 

Savory Satureja hortensis SATUHOR SE2 FO 

Saw-toothed Sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus HELIGRO SE1? FO 

Saxifrage Pink Petrorhagia saxifraga PETRSAX SE2 FO 

Scarlet Ammannia Ammannia robusta AMMAROB S1 FO 

Scarlet Cockle Lychnis chalcedonica LYCHCHA SE1 FO 

Scarlet Gaura Gaura coccinea GAURCOC SE1 FO 

Scarlet Pimpernel Anagallis arvensis ANAGARV SE4 FO 

Scented Myrrhis Myrrhis odorata MYRRODO SE1 FO 

Scentless Chamomile Matricaria perforata MATRPER SE FO 

Schreber's Aster Aster schreberi ASTESCH S2S3 FO 

Schweinitz's Sedge Carex schweinitzii CARESCH S3 SE 

Scotch Thistle Onopordum acanthium ONOPACA SE4 FO 

Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris PINUSYL SE5 TR 

Scouring Rush Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine EQUIHYA S5 FE 

Scratch Grass Muhlenbergia asperifolia MUHLASP SE3 GR 

SSea-rocket k t CCakile kil edentula d t l CAKIEDE S4 FO 

Seaside Arrow Grass Triglochin maritimum TRIGMAR S5 FO 

Seaside Broomspurge Chamaesyce polygonifolia CHAMPOL S4 FO 

Seaside Crowfoot Ranunculus cymbalaria RANUCYM S4 FO 

Seaside Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens SOLISEM SE2 FO 

Secund Rush Juncus secundus JUNCSEC S3 RU 

Sedge Species Carex sp CARE-SP SE 

Sedge Species Sedge sp SEDG-SP SE 

Seedbox Ludwigia alternifolia LUDWALT S1 FO 

Seedbox Species Ludwigia sp LUDW-SP FO 

Selfheal Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris PRUNVUV SE3 FO 

Seneca Snakeroot Polygala senega POLYSEN S4 FO 

Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis ONOCSEN S5 FE 

Serviceberry Species Amelanchier sp AMEL-SP SH 

Sessile-fruited Arrowhead Sagittaria rigida SAGIRIG S4? FO 

Sessile-leaved Bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia UVULSES S4 FO 

Sessile-leaved Pussytoes Antennaria howellii ssp. petaloidea ANTEHOP SU FO 

Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata CARYOVA S5 TR 

Shaggy False Gromwell Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissimum ONOSMOH S2 FO 

Sharp-fruited Rush Juncus acuminatus JUNCACU S3 RU 

Sharp-leaved Goldenrod Solidago arguta var. arguta SOLIARA S4 FO 

Sharp-lobed Hepatica Anemone acutiloba ANEMACU S5 FO 

Sharp-scaled Oak Sedge Carex albicans var. emmonsii CAREALE S2 SE 

Sheathed Cottongrass Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum 

39 

ERIOVAS S5 SE



Sheathed Sedge Carex vaginata CAREVAG S5 SE 

Sheep Laurel Kalmia angustifolia KALMANG S5 SH 

Sheep Sorrel Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella RUMEACA SE FO 

Shepherd's Purse Capsella bursa-pastoris CAPSBUR SE5 FO 

Shining Bedstraw Galium concinnum GALICON S1 FO 

Shining Clubmoss Huperzia lucidula HUPELUC S5 FE 

Shining Hybrid Pondweed Potamogeton X subnitens POTASUB SHB1? FO 

Shining Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes lucida SPIRLUC S4 FO 

Shining Sumac Rhus copallina var. latifolia RHUSCOL S4 SH 

Shining Wedge Grass Sphenopholis nitida SPHENIT S1 GR 

Shining Willow Salix lucida SALILUC S5 SH 

Shinleaf Pyrola elliptica PYROELL S5 FO 

Shiny Spurge Euphorbia lucida EUPHLUC SE1 FO 

Shore Horsetail Equisetum X litorale EQUILIT SHB2? FE 

Short-awned Foxtail Alopecurus aequalis ALOPAEQ S4S5 GR 

Short-beaked Sedge Carex brevior CAREBRE S4S5 SE 

Short-fruited Rush Juncus brachycarpus JUNCBRA S1 RU 

Short-horned Rice Grass Oryzopsis pungens ORYZPUN S5 GR 

Short's Aster Aster shortii ASTESHO S4 FO 

Short's Sedge Carex shortiana CARESHO S1 SE 

Short-stalked Bedstraw Galium brevipes GALIBRE S2S3 FO 

Short-stalked Chickweed Cerastium brachypodum CERABRA S2 FO 

Short-styled Snakeroot Sanicula canadensis var. canadensis SANICAC S4 FO 

Short-tailed Rush Juncus brevicaudatus JUNCBRE S5 RU 

Sh Showy Fl Fly HHoneysuckle kl LLonicera i X bbella ll LONIBEL SHBE2 SH 

Showy Gaillardia Gaillardia pulchella GAILPUL SE1 FO 

Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula SOLISPR S1 FO 

Showy Hawkweed Hieracium lachenalii HIERLAC SE2? FO 

Showy Lady's Slipper Cypripedium reginae CYPRREG S4 FO 

Showy Mountain-ash Sorbus decora SORBDEC S5 SH 

Showy Orchis Galearis spectabilis GALISPC S4 FO 

Showy Tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense DESMCND S4 FO 

Shrub Species Shrub sp SHUB-SP SH 

Shrubby Cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda POTEFRF S5 SH 

Shrubby St. John's-wort Hypericum prolificum HYPEPRO S2 SH 

Shumard Oak Quercus shumardii QUERSHU S3 TR 

Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila ULMUPUM SE3 TR 

Siberian Pea Tree Caragana arborescens CARAARB SE1 SH 

Sicklepod Arabis canadensis ARABCAN S4 FO 

Side-oats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula BOUTCUR S2 GR 

Silky Dogwood Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua CORNAMO S5 SH 

Silphium Species Silphium sp SILP-SP FO 

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum ACERSCR S5 TR 

Silverweed Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina POTEANA S5 FO 

Silvery Cinquefoil Potentilla argentea POTEAGT SE5 FO 

Silvery Sedge Carex canescens CARECAN S5 SE 

Silvery Spleenwort Deparia acrostichoides DEPAACR S4 FE 

Silvery-flowered Sedge Carex argyrantha 

40 

CAREARG S2? SE



Sitka Valerian Valeriana sitchensis ssp. uliginosa VALESIU S2 FO 

Six-weeks Fescue Vulpia octoflora VULPOCT S2 GR 

Skeleton-weed Chondrilla juncea CHONJUN SE1 FO 

Skullcap Species Scutellaria sp SCUT-SP FO 

Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus SYMPFOE S5 FO 

Skunk Currant Ribes glandulosum RIBEGLA S5 SH 

Sleepy Catchfly Silene antirrhina SILEANT S5 FO 

Slender Beadgrass Paspalum setaceum PASPSET S2 GR 

Slender Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium mucronatum SISYMUC S4S5 FO 

Slender Bulrush Scirpus heterochaetus SCIRHET S3 SE 

Slender Bush-clover Lespedeza virginica LESPVIR S1 FO 

Slender Cliff-brake Cryptogramma stelleri CRYPSTE S4S5 FE 

Slender Cottongrass Eriophorum gracile ERIOGRA S5 SE 

Slender False Foxglove Agalinis tenuifolia var. parviflora AGALTEP S4S5 FO 

Slender False Pimpernel Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea LINDDUA S1 FO 

Slender Froelichia Froelichia gracilis FROEGRA SE1 FO 

Slender Knotweed Polygonum tenue var. tenue POLYTET S2 FO 

Slender Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium PYCNTEN S3 FO 

Slender Naiad Najas flexilis NAJAFLE S5 FO 

Slender Panic Grass Panicum xanthophysum PANIXAN S4 GR 

Slender Satin Grass Muhlenbergia tenuiflora var. tenuiflora MUHLTET S2 GR 

Slender Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis URTIDIG S5 FO 

Slender Straw Sedge Carex tenera CARETEN S5 SE 

Slender Water-milfoil Myriophyllum tenellum MYRITEN S4 FO 

Sl Slender d WWedge d GGrass SSphenopholis h h li iintermedia t di SPHEINT S4S5 GR 

Slender Wheat Grass Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus ELYMTRT S5? GR 

Slender Willow Salix petiolaris SALIPET S5 SH 

Slender Wood Sedge Carex gracilescens CAREGRA S4 SE 

Slender Yellow Flax Linum virginianum LINUVIR S2 FO 

Slim-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium leptophyllum CHENLEP S1 FO 

Slim-spiked Three-awn Grass Aristida longespica var. longespica ARISLON S2 GR 

Slippery Elm Ulmus rubra ULMURUB S5 TR 

Small Bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum GALITRT S5 FO 

Small Beggar-ticks Bidens discoidea BIDEDIS S4 FO 

Small Bur-reed Sparganium natans SPARNAT S5 FO 

Small Crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum DIGIISC SE5 GR 

Small Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos VACCOXY S5 SH 

Small Forget-me-not Myosotis laxa MYOSLAX S5 FO 

Small Fringed Gentian Gentianopsis virgata GENTVIR S4 FO 

Small Love Grass Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea ERAGPEP S5 GR 

Small Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum CERASEM SE5 FO 

Small Pondweed Potamogeton pusillus POTAPUS S4S5 FO 

Small Purple-fringed Orchid Platanthera psycodes PLATPSY S5 FO 

Small Pussytoes Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica ANTEHON SU FO 

Small Quaking Grass Briza media BRIZMED SE1 GR 

Small Round-leaf Orchid Platanthera orbiculata PLATORB S4S5 FO 

Small Rush Grass Sporobolus neglectus SPORNEG S4 GR 

Small Skullcap Scutellaria parvula var. parvula 

41 

SCUTPAP S4 FO



Small Sundrops Oenothera perennis OENOPER S4S5 FO 

Small Waterwort Elatine minima ELATMIN S4 FO 

Small White Lady's Slipper Cypripedium candidum CYPRCAN S1 FO 

Small White Water-lily Nymphaea odorata ssp. odorata NYMPODD S5? FO 

Small Whorled Pogonia Isotria medeoloides ISOTMED S1 FO 

Small Yellow Flax Linum medium var. texanum LINUMET S1 FO 

Small Yellow Fox Sedge Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa CAREANX S2 SE 

Small Yellow Lady's Slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum CYPRCAP S4S5 FO 

Small Yellow Pond-lily Nuphar microphylla NUPHMIC S3 FO 

Small Yellow Sedge Carex cryptolepis CARECRY S4 SE 

Small-flowered Agrimony Agrimonia parviflora AGRIPAR S4 FO 

Small-flowered Barnyard Grass Echinochloa microstachya ECHIMIC S4S5 GR 

Small-flowered Bitter Cress Cardamine parviflora CARDPAR S5 FO 

Small-flowered Bulrush Scirpus verecundus SCIRVER S1 SE 

Small-flowered Crane's-bill Geranium pusillum GERAPUS SE4 FO 

Small-flowered Dragonhead Dracocephalum parviflorum DRACPAR S5 FO 

Small-flowered Evening-primrose Oenothera parviflora OENOPAR S4? FO 

Small-flowered False Foxglove Agalinis paupercula var. paupercula AGALPAP S4S5 FO 

Small-flowered Grass-of-parnassus Parnassia parviflora PARNPAR S4? FO 

Small-flowered Leaf-cup Polymnia canadensis POLYCAN S4 FO 

Small-flowered Lipocarpha Lipocarpha micrantha LIPOMIC S2 SE 

Small-flowered Prairie-rocket Erysimum inconspicuum ERYSINC S4 FO 

Small-flowered Rose Rosa micrantha ROSAMIC SE1 SH 

Small-flowered Tufted Hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. parviflora DESCCEP SE2 GR 

SSmall-flowered ll fl d Willow-herb Will h b Epilobium E il bi parviflorum ifl EPILPAR SE4 FO 

Small-fruited Bulrush Scirpus microcarpus SCIRMIC S5 SE 

Small-fruited False Flax Camelina microcarpa CAMEMIC SE5 FO 

Small-headed Rush Juncus brachycephalus JUNCBCE S4S5 RU 

Small-leaved Water-cress Nasturtium microphyllum NASTMIC SE5 FO 

Small's Spike-rush Eleocharis smallii ELEOSMA S5 SE 

Small-wild Pansy Viola arvensis VIOLARV SE4 FO 

Smartweed Dodder Cuscuta polygonorum CUSCPOL S1 FO 

Smartweed Species Polygonum sp POLY-SP FO 

Smith's Melic Grass Melica smithii MELISMI S4? GR 

Smooth Aster Aster laevis var. laevis ASTELAL S5 FO 

Smooth Bedstraw Galium mollugo GALIMOL SE5 FO 

Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis RUBUCAN S4? SH 

Smooth Brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis BROMINI SE5 GR 

Smooth Cliff-brake Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella PELLGLG S4 FE 

Smooth False Foxglove Aureolaria flava AUREFLA S2? FO 

Smooth Gooseberry Ribes hirtellum RIBEHIR S5 SH 

Smooth Ground-cherry Physalis virginiana PHYSVIR SU FO 

Smooth Hawk's Beard Crepis capillaris CREPCAP SE1 FO 

Smooth Meadow-parsnip Thaspium trifoliatum var. aureum THASTRA S2 FO 

Smooth Pigweed Amaranthus hybridus AMARHYB SE5? FO 

Smooth Pussytoes Antennaria parlinii ssp. parlinii ANTEPAP SU FO 

Smooth Rock Cress Arabis laevigata ARABLAE S5 FO 

Smooth Rupturewort Herniaria glabra 

42 

HERNGLA SE1 FO



Smooth Sand Sedge Cyperus houghtonii CYPEHOU S3 SE 

Smooth Scouring Rush Equisetum laevigatum EQUILAE S4 FE 

Smooth Serviceberry Amelanchier laevis AMELLAE S5 SH 

Smooth Solomon's Seal Polygonatum biflorum POLYBIF S4 FO 

Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra RHUSGLA S5 SH 

Smooth White Violet Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens VIOLMAP S5 FO 

Smooth Wild Rose Rosa blanda ROSABLA S5 SH 

Smooth-fruited Oak Sedge Carex tonsa var. tonsa CARETOT S4S5 SE 

Smooth-sheathed Sedge Carex laevivaginata CARELAE S4 SE 

Snailseed Pondweed Potamogeton bicupulatus POTABIC S3 FO 

Snakeroot Species Sanicula sp SANI-SP FO 

Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale HELEAUT S5 FO 

Sneezewort Achillea ptarmica ACHIPTA SE2? FO 

Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus SYMPALB S4S5 SH 

Snow-in-summer Cerastium tomentosum CERATOM SE2 FO 

Soft Agrimony Agrimonia pubescens AGRIPUB S4 FO 

Soft Cinquefoil Potentilla pulcherrima POTEPUL S2 FO 

Soft Rush Juncus effusus ssp. solutus JUNCEFS S5 RU 

Soft-leaf Muhly Muhlenbergia richardsonis MUHLRIC S2S3 GR 

Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus SCIRVAL S5 SE 

Solomon's Seal Polygonatum multiflorum POLYMUL SE1 FO 

Solomon's Seal Species Polygonatum sp POGT-SP FO 

Sorghum Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor SORGBIB SE1 GR 

Sour Cherry Prunus cerasus PRUNCEU SE1 TR 

SSouthern th AArrow-woodd Viburnum Vib recognitum it VIBUREC S4 SH 

Southern Bladder Fern Cystopteris protrusa CYSTPRO S2 FE 

Southern Blue-flag Iris virginica IRISVIR S5 FO 

Southern Naiad Najas guadalupensis NAJAGUA S3 FO 

Southern Running-pine Diphasiastrum digitatum DIPHDIG S5 FE 

Southern Slender Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis SPIRLAG S1 FO 

Southern Twayblade Listera australis LISTAUS S2 FO 

Southern Wild Rice Zizania aquatica ZIZAAQU S3 GR 

Southern Wormwood Artemisia abrotanum ARTEABR SE1 FO 

Sow-bane Chenopodium murale CHENMUR SE1 FO 

Sow-thistle Species Sonchus sp SONC-SP FO 

Soybean Glycine max GLYCMAX SE2 FO 

Spanish Cowherb Vaccaria hispanica VACCHIS SE3 FO 

Spanish Stonecrop Sedum hispanicum SEDUHIS SE1 FO 

Sparrow Vetch Vicia tetrasperma VICITET SE5 VI 

Sparse-flowered Sedge Carex tenuiflora CARETEU S5 SE 

Sparse-flowered Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus RUBUPAR S4 SH 

Spatulate Hybrid Pondweed Potamogeton X spathuliformis POTASPA SHB1? FO 

Spatulate-leaved Sendew Drosera intermedia DROSINT S5 FO 

Spear Wild Licorice Galium lanceolatum GALILAN S5 FO 

Spearmint Mentha spicata MENTSPI SE4 FO 

Spearscale Atriplex patula ATRIPAT S5 FO 

Speckled Alder Alnus incana ssp. rugosa ALNUINR S5 SH 

Speedwell Veronica catenata 

43 

VEROCAT S4 FO



Speedwell Species Veronica sp VERO-SP FO 

Spicebush Lindera benzoin LINDBEN S5 SH 

Spider Plant Cleome hassleriana CLEOHAS SE1 FO 

Spiked Blazing Star Liatris spicata LIATSPI S3 FO 

Spiked Sedge Carex spicata CARESPI SE5 SE 

Spiked Water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum MYRISPI SE5 FO 

Spikemoss Species Selaginella sp SELA-SP FE 

Spikenard Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa ARALRAR S5 FO 

Spike-rush Species Eleocharis sp ELEO-SP SE 

Spinulose Wood Fern Dryopteris carthusiana DRYOCAR S5 FE 

Spiny Cocklebur Xanthium spinosum XANTSPI SE2? FO 

Spiny Naiad Najas marina NAJAMAR S1 FO 

Spiny Plumeless Thistle Carduus acanthoides CARDACA SE5 FO 

Spiny-leaved Sow-thistle Sonchus asper ssp. asper SONCASA SE5 FO 

Spiny-spored Quillwort Isoetes echinospora ISOEECH S5 FE 

Spiral Pondweed Potamogeton spirillus POTASPI S4S5 FO 

Spleenwort Species Asplenium sp ASPL-SP FE 

Spotted Bladderwort Utricularia purpurea UTRIPUR S4 FO 

Spotted Coralroot Corallorhiza maculata CORAMAC S5 FO 

Spotted Crane's-bill Geranium maculatum GERAMAC S5 FO 

Spotted Jewel-weed Impatiens capensis IMPACAP S5 FO 

Spotted Joe-pye-weed Eupatorium maculatum ssp. maculatum EUPAMAM S5 FO 

Spotted Knapweed Centaurea maculosa CENTMAC SE5 FO 

Spotted St. John's-wort Hypericum punctatum HYPEPUN S5 FO 

SSpotted tt d WWater-hemlock t h l k Cicuta Ci t maculata l t CICUMAC S5 FO 

Spotted Wintergreen Chimaphila maculata var. maculata CHIMMAM S1 SH 

Sprangletop Leptochloa acuminata LEPTACU SE3 GR 

Spreading Chervil Chaerophyllum procumbens var. procumbens CHAEPRP S2 FO 

Spreading Dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium ssp. androsaemifolium APOCANA S5 FO 

Spreading Goose Grass Puccinellia distans PUCCDIS SE5 GR 

Spreading Knapweed Centaurea diffusa CENTDIF SE1 FO 

Spreading Wallflower Erysimum repandum ERYSREP SE2 FO 

Spreading Wood Sedge Carex laxiculmis var. copulata CARELAU S3? SE 

Spring Avens Geum vernum GEUMVER S4 FO 

Spring Beauty Species Claytonia sp CLAY-SP FO 

Spring Clearweed Pilea fontana PILEFON S4 FO 

Spring Forget-me-not Myosotis verna MYOSVER S4? FO 

Spring Speedwell Veronica verna VEROVER SE3 FO 

Spring Whitlow-grass Erophila verna EROPVER SE4 FO 

Spruce Species Picea sp PICE-SP TR 

Spurge Species Chamaesyce sp CHAM-SP FO 

Spurge Species Euphorbia sp EUPH-SP FO 

Spurred Gentian Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa HALEDED S5 FO 

Spurred Stickseed Hackelia deflexa HACKDEF S5 FO 

Spurrey Spergula arvensis SPERARV SE5 FO 

Square-stemmed Monkey-flower Mimulus ringens MIMURIN S5 FO 

Squawroot Conopholis americana CONOAME S4? FO 

Squill Scilla siberica 

44 

SCILSIB SE2 FO



Squirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis DICECAN S5 FO 

Squirrel-tail Grass Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum HORDJUJ SE5 GR 

St. John's-wort Species Hypericum sp HYPE-SP FO 

St. Lawrence Grape Fern Botrychium rugulosum BOTRRUG S2 FE 

Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina RHUSTYP S5 SH 

Stalked Water-horehound Lycopus rubellus LYCORUB S3 FO 

Standing Cypress Ipomopsis rubra IPOMRUB SE1 FO 

Standing Dead Wood Snag SNAG 

Star Duckweed Lemna trisulca LEMNTRI S5 FO 

Starflower Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis TRIEBOB S5 FO 

Starry False Solomon's Seal Maianthemum stellatum MAIASTE S5 FO 

Starved Panic Grass Panicum depauperatum PANIDEP S4 GR 

Stellate Sedge Carex rosea CAREROE S5 SE 

Sticky Chickweed Cerastium glomeratum CERAGLO SE1 FO 

Sticky False Asphodel Tofieldia glutinosa ssp. brevistyla TOFIGLB S4? FO 

Sticky Ragwort Senecio viscosus SENEVIS SE3 FO 

Stiff Gentian Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. occidentalis GENTQUO S2 FO 

Stiff Marsh Bedstraw Galium tinctorium GALITIN S5 FO 

Stiff Panic Grass Panicum rigidulum PANIRIG S3 GR 

Stiff Sunflower Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. pauciflorus HELIPAP SE FO 

Stiff Yellow Flax Linum medium var. medium LINUMEM S3? FO 

Stiff-haired Sunflower Helianthus hirsutus HELIHIR SE FO 

Stiff-leaved Goldenrod Solidago rigida ssp. rigida SOLIRIR S3 FO 

Stink Grass Eragrostis cilianensis ERAGCIL SE5 GR 

Sti Stinking ki Ch Chamomile il AAnthemis th i cotula t l ANTHCOT SE5 FO 

Stinking Clover Cleome serrulata CLEOSER SE1 FO 

Stinking Goosefoot Chenopodium vulvaria CHENVUL SE1 FO 

Stipa Species Stipa sp STIP-SP GR 

Stonecrop Species Sedum sp SEDU-SP FO 

Stonewort Species Chara sp CHAR-SP AL 

Stout Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium SISYANG S4 FO 

Stout Goldenrod Solidago squarrosa SOLISQU S4 FO 

Stout Smartweed Polygonum robustius POLYROB S2 FO 

Stout Woodreed Cinna arundinacea CINNARU S4 GR 

Straight-leaved Pondweed Potamogeton strictifolius POTASTR S4 FO 

Strawberry Blite Chenopodium capitatum CHENCAP S5 FO 

Strawberry Species Fragaria sp FRAG-SP FO 

Striate Knotweed Polygonum achoreum POLYACH S5 FO 

Stringy Stonecrop Sedum sarmentosum SEDUSAR SE1 FO 

Striped Coralroot Corallorhiza striata CORASTR S4 FO 

Striped Maple Acer pensylvanicum ACERPEN S5 SH 

Stunted Sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua CAREMAG S5 SE 

Suckling Clover Trifolium dubium TRIFDUB SE4 FO 

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum ACERSAS S5 TR 

Sumac Species Rhus sp RHUS-SP SH 

Summer Cypress Kochia scoparia KOCHSCO SE5 FO 

Summer Grape Vitis aestivalis VITIAES S4 VW 

Sun Spurge Euphorbia helioscopia 

45 

EUPHHEL SE3 FO



Sundew Species Drosera sp DROS-SP FO 

Sunflower Species Helianthus sp HELI-SP FO 

Sun-loving Sedge Carex inops ssp. heliophila CAREINO S1 SE 

Swallow-wort Species Cynanchum sp CYNA-SP VI 

Swamp Aster Aster puniceus var. firmus ASTEPUF SU FO 

Swamp Black Currant Ribes lacustre RIBELAC S5 SH 

Swamp Buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum RANUHIC S5 FO 

Swamp Candles Lysimachia terrestris LYSITER S5 FO 

Swamp Cottonwood Populus heterophylla POPUHET S1 TR 

Swamp Dewberry Rubus hispidus RUBUHIS S4S5 SH 

Swamp Dock Rumex verticillatus RUMEVER S4 FO 

Swamp Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera oblongifolia LONIOBL S4S5 SH 

Swamp Loosestrife Decodon verticillatus DECOVER S5 FO 

Swamp Lousewort Pedicularis lanceolata PEDILAN S4 FO 

Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata ASCLINI S5 FO 

Swamp Red Currant Ribes triste RIBETRI S5 SH 

Swamp Rose Rosa palustris ROSAPAL S5 SH 

Swamp Rose-mallow Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. moscheutos HIBIMOM S3 FO 

Swamp Sedge Carex muskingumensis CAREMUS S3 SE 

Swamp Star Sedge Carex seorsa CARESEO S2 SE 

Swamp Thistle Cirsium muticum CIRSMUT S5 FO 

Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor QUERBIC S4 TR 

Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima LOBUMAR SE2 FO 

Sweet Cherry Prunus avium PRUNAVI SE4 TR 

SSweet t CColtsfoot lt f t PPetasites t it ffrigidus i id PETAFRI S5 FO 

Sweet Fern Comptonia peregrina COMPPER S5 SH 

Sweet Gale Myrica gale MYRIGAL S5 SH 

Sweet Grass Hierochloe odorata HIERODO S4 GR 

Sweet Ox-eye Heliopsis helianthoides HELIHEL S5 FO 

Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus LATHODO SE1 VI 

Sweet Scented Grape Vitis vulpina VITIVUL S1 VW 

Sweet Vernal Grass Anthoxanthum odoratum ssp. odoratum ANTHODO SE4 GR 

Sweet White Violet Viola blanda VIOLBLA S4S5 FO 

Sweet William Silene armeria SILEARM SE2 FO 

Sweet Wormwood Artemisia annua ARTEANN SE1 FO 

Sweet-cicely Species Osmorhiza sp OSMO-SP FO 

Sweet-clover Species Melilotus sp MELI-SP FO 

Sweetflag Acorus americanus ACORAME S4 FO 

Sweet-leaved Milkvetch Astragalus glycophyllos ASTRGLY SE1 FO 

Switch Grass Panicum virgatum PANIVIR S4 GR 

Sycamore Platanus occidentalis PLATOCC S4 TR 

Sycamore Species Platanus sp PLTA-SP TR 

Tall Agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala AGRIGRY S5 FO 

Tall Baby's-breath Gypsophila paniculata GYPSPAN SE3 FO 

Tall Beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata BIDEVUL S5 FO 

Tall Bellflower Campanula americana CAMPAME S4 FO 

Tall Blue Lettuce Lactuca biennis LACTBIE S5 FO 

Tall Boneset Eupatorium altissimum 

46 

EUPAALT S1 FO



Tall Brome Bromus latiglumis BROMLAT S4 GR 

Tall Buttercup Ranunculus acris RANUACR SE5 FO 

Tall Cinquefoil Potentilla arguta POTEARG S4 FO 

Tall Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris CORETRP S2 FO 

Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea FESTARU SE5 GR 

Tall Forked Chickweed Paronychia canadensis PAROCAN S1 FO 

Tall Glyceria Glyceria maxima GLYCMAI SE4 GR 

Tall Goldenrod Solidago altissima var. altissima SOLIALA S4? FO 

Tall Green Milkweed Asclepias hirtella ASCLHIR S1 FO 

Tall Hedge Mustard Sisymbrium loeselii SISYLOE SE2 FO 

Tall Lettuce Lactuca canadensis LACTCAN S5 FO 

Tall Meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens THALPUB S5 FO 

Tall Morning-glory Ipomoea purpurea IPOMPUR SE2 VI 

Tall Northern Green Orchid Platanthera hyperborea PLATHYP S4 FO 

Tall Nut Rush Scleria triglomerata SCLETRI S1 SE 

Tall Oat Grass Arrhenatherum elatius ARRHELA SE4 GR 

Tall Swamp Beggar-ticks Bidens coronata BIDECOR S2 FO 

Tall Tumble-mustard Sisymbrium altissimum SISYALT SE5 FO 

Tall White Bog Orchid Platanthera dilatata PLATDIL S5 FO 

Tall White Lettuce Prenanthes altissima PRENALT S5 FO 

Tall Wild Sunflower Helianthus giganteus HELIGIG S5 FO 

Tamarack Larix laricina LARILAR S5 TR 

Tansy Tanacetum vulgare TANAVUL SE5 FO 

Tansy Ragwort Senecio jacobaea SENEJAC SE1 FO 

TTansy-leaved l d Milk Milkvetch t h Ph Phacelia li ttanacetifolia tif li PHACTAN SE1 FO 

Taprooted Valerian Valeriana edulis ssp. ciliata VALEEDC S1 FO 

Tartarian Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica LONITAT SE5 SH 

Tawny Day-lily Hemerocallis fulva HEMEFUL SE5 FO 

Thames Hawthorn Crataegus compacta CRATCOC S4 SH 

Thelypteris Species Thelypteris sp THEL-SP FE 

Thicket Creeper Parthenocissus inserta PARTINS S5 VW 

Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana var. virginiana ANEMVIV S5 FO 

Thin-leaved Cottongrass Eriophorum viridi-carinatum ERIOVRC S5 SE 

Thin-leaved Sunflower Helianthus decapetalus HELIDEC S5 FO 

Thistle Species Cirsium sp CIRS-SP FO 

Thread-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton filiformis POTAFIL S5 FO 

Three-awn Grass Species Aristida sp ARIS-SP GR 

Three-leaved Solomon's Seal Maianthemum trifolium MAIATRI S5 FO 

Three-lobed Beggar-ticks Bidens tripartita BIDETRI S5 FO 

Three-seeded Mercury Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea ACALVIR S5 FO 

Three-seeded Sedge Carex trisperma CARETRT S5 SE 

Three-way Sedge Dulichium arundinaceum DULIARU S5 SE 

Thunberg's Bush-clover Lespedeza thunbergii LESPTHU SE1 SH 

Thyme Thymus pulegioides THYMPUL SE1 FO 

Thyme-leaved Broomspurge Chamaesyce serpyllifolia CHAMSRP SE2? FO 

Thyme-leaved Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia ARENSER SE5 FO 

Thyme-leaved Speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia VEROSES SE5 FO 

Tickle Grass Agrostis hyemalis 

47 

AGROHYE S1 GR



Tick-trefoil Species Desmodium sp DESM-SP FO 

Tiger Lily Lilium lancifolium LILILAN SE1 FO 

Timothy Phleum pratense PHLEPRA SE5 GR 

Tiny Vetch Vicia hirsuta VICIHIR SE1 VI 

Toad Rush Juncus bufonius JUNCBUF S5 RU 

Toadflax Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica LINAGED SE3 FO 

Toadflax Species Linaria sp LINA-SP FO 

Toothcup Rotala ramosior ROTARAM S1 FO 

Toothed Flat Sedge Cyperus dentatus CYPEDEN S1 SE 

Toothed Rock Cress Arabis shortii ARABSHO S2 FO 

Toothed Spurge Euphorbia dentata EUPHDEN SE4 FO 

Torrey's Manna Grass Torreyochloa pallida TORRPAL S2 GR 

Torrey's Rush Juncus torreyi JUNCTOR S5 RU 

Torrey's Three-square Scirpus torreyi SCIRTOR S4 SE 

Tower Mustard Arabis glabra ARABGLA S5 FO 

Trailing Arbutus Epigaea repens EPIGREP S5 SH 

Trailing Bush-clover Lespedeza procumbens LESPPRO S1 FO 

Trailing Wild Bean Strophostyles helvula STROHEL S4 FO 

Trail-plant Adenocaulon bicolor ADENBIC S1 FO 

Treacle Mustard Conringia orientalis CONRORI SE2 FO 

Tread-like Naiad Najas gracillima NAJAGRA S2 FO 

Tree Species Tree sp TREE-SP TR 

Tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima AILAALT SE5 TR 

Trembling Aspen Populus tremuloides POPUTRE S5 TR 

TTrillium illi SSpecies i TTrillium illi sp TRIL-SP TRIL SP FO 

Triploid Wood Fern Dryopteris X triploidea DRYOTRI SHB4 FE 

Troublesome Sedge Carex molesta CAREMOL S4? SE 

Trout Lily Species Erythronium sp ERYT-SP FO 

True Wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosella ssp. montana OXALACM S5 FO 

Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans CAMPRAD S2? VW 

Tubercled Orchid Platanthera flava var. herbiola PLATFLH S3 FO 

Tuberous Indian-plantain Cacalia plantaginea CACAPLA S3 FO 

Tuberous Vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus LATHTUB SE3 VI 

Tubular-flowered Beard-tongue Penstemon tubaeflorus PENSTUB SE1 FO 

Tuckerman's Panic Grass Panicum tuckermanii PANITUC S4 GR 

Tuckerman's Quillwort Isoetes tuckermanii ISOETUC S1 FE 

Tuckerman's Sedge Carex tuckermanii CARETUC S4 SE 

Tufted Bulrush Scirpus cespitosus SCIRCES S5 SE 

Tufted Bunch Grass Stipa comata STIPCOM S1 GR 

Tufted Hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa DESCCEC S4S5 GR 

Tufted Loosestrife Lysimachia thyrsiflora LYSITHY S5 FO 

Tulip Tree Liriodendron tulipifera LIRITUL S4 TR 

Tumble Pigweed Amaranthus albus AMARALB SE5 FO 

Turtlehead Chelone glabra CHELGLA S5 FO 

Tussock Sedge Carex stricta CARESTR S5 SE 

Twayblade Species Listera sp LIST-SP FO 

Twig-rush Cladium mariscoides CLADMAR S5 SE 

Twinflower Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora 

48 

LINNBOL S5 SH



Twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla JEFFDIP S4 FO 

Two Row Stonecrop Sedum spurium SEDUSPU SE1 FO 

Two-coloured Forget-me-not Myosotis discolor MYOSDIS SE1 FO 

Two-flowered Cynthia Krigia biflora var. biflora KRIGBIB S2 FO 

Two-flowered Rush Juncus biflorus JUNCBIF S1 RU 

Two-formed Yellow-eyed-grass Xyris difformis XYRIDIF S4 FO 

Two-rayed Blue Grass Poa saltuensis POA-SAL S4 GR 

Two-row Stickweed Lappula squarrosa ssp. squarrosa LAPPSQS SE5 FO 

Two-seeded Sedge Carex disperma CAREDIS S5 SE 

Tyrol Knapweed Centaurea nigrescens CENTNIN SE5 FO 

Umbelled Jagged Chickweed Holosteum umbellatum HOLOUMB SE2 FO 

Umbrella Flat Sedge Cyperus diandrus CYPEDIA S4 SE 

Unknown Species Unknown sp UNKNOWN 

Upland White Goldenrod Solidago ptarmicoides SOLIPTA S5 FO 

Upland Willow Salix humilis SALIHUM S5 SH 

Upright Brome Bromus erectus BROMERE SE1 GR 

Upright Carrion Flower Smilax ecirrhata SMILECI S3? FO 

Upright Forget-me-not Myosotis stricta MYOSSTR SE4 FO 

Upright Goosefoot Chenopodium urbicum CHENURB SE1 FO 

Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel Oxalis stricta OXALSTR S5 FO 

Variable Hawthorn Crataegus macrosperma CRATMCS S5 SH 

Variegated Horsetail Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum EQUIVAV S5 FE 

Various-leaved Water-milfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum MYRIHET S4? FO 

Vasey's Pondweed Potamogeton vaseyi POTAVAS S4 FO 

VVasey's ' Rush R h Juncus J vaseyii JUNCVAS S3 RU 

Veined Skullcap Scutellaria nervosa SCUTNER S1 FO 

Veiny Meadow-rue Thalictrum venulosum THALVEN S5? FO 

Veiny Pea Lathyrus venosus LATHVEN S4 VI 

Velvet Grass Holcus lanatus HOLCLAN SE2 GR 

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti ABUTTHE SE5 FO 

Velvetleaf Blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides VACCMYR S5 SH 

Vervain Species Verbena sp VERB-SP FO 

Vetch Species Vicia sp VICI-SP VI 

Vetchling Species Lathyrus sp LATH-SP VI 

Viburnum Species Viburnum sp VIBU-SP SH 

Villose Bugseed Corispermum villosum CORIVIL S1S3 FO 

Villose Evening-primrose Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa OENOVIV S2? FO 

Violet Bush-clover Lespedeza violacea LESPVIO S1 FO 

Violet Species Viola sp VIOL-SP FO 

Viper's Bugloss Echium vulgare ECHIVUL SE5 FO 

Virginia Bluebells Mertensia virginica MERTVIR S3 FO 

Virginia Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica WOODVIR S4 FE 

Virginia Cottongrass Eriophorum virginicum ERIOVIR S5 SE 

Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARTQUI S4? VW 

Virginia Creeper Species Parthenocissus sp PART-SP VW 

Virginia False Dragonhead Physostegia virginiana PHYSVIV S4 FO 

Virginia Mallow Sida hermaphrodita SIDAHER S1 FO 

Virginia Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum 

49 

PYCNVIR S4 FO



Virginia Pepper-grass Lepidium virginicum LEPIVIR S5 FO 

Virginia Spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana TRADVIR SE1 FO 

Virginia Spring Beauty Claytonia virginica CLAYVIR S5 FO 

Virginia Stickseed Hackelia virginiana HACKVIR S5 FO 

Virginia Stonecrop Penthorum sedoides PENTSED S5 FO 

Virginia Water-horehound Lycopus virginicus LYCOVIR S3 FO 

Virginia Water-leaf Hydrophyllum virginianum HYDRVIR S5 FO 

Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus var. virginicus ELYMVIV S5 GR 

Virgin's Bower Clematis virginiana CLEMVIR S5 VW 

Viscid Grass-leaved Goldenrod Euthamia gymnospermoides EUTHGYM S1 FO 

Walking Fern Asplenium rhizophyllum ASPLRHI S4 FE 

Wall Cress Arabidopsis thaliana ARABTHA SE5 FO 

Wall Lettuce Mycelis muralis MYCEMUR SE2 FO 

Wall Rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia DIPLTEN SE5 FO 

Wall Rue Asplenium ruta-muraria ASPLRUT S2 FE 

Walnut Species Juglans sp JUGL-SP TR 

Walter's Barnyard Grass Echinochloa walteri ECHIWAL S3 GR 

Wand-like Bush-clover Lespedeza intermedia LESPINT S4 FO 

Water Arum Calla palustris CALLPLS S5 FO 

Water Avens Geum rivale GEUMRIV S5 FO 

Water Awlwort Subularia aquatica ssp. americana SUBUAQA S3 FO 

Water Bulrush Scirpus subterminalis SCIRSUB S4 SE 

Water Bur-reed Sparganium fluctuans SPARFLU S4? FO 

Water Chickweed Myosoton aquaticum MYOSAQU SE3 FO 

WWater t Foxtail F t il Al Alopecurus geniculatus i l t ALOPGEN SE3 GR 

Water Horsetail Equisetum fluviatile EQUIFLU S5 FE 

Water Lobelia Lobelia dortmanna LOBEDOR S4? FO 

Water Meal Species Wolffia sp WOLF-SP FO 

Water Pimpernel Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus SAMOVAP S4 FO 

Water Sedge Carex aquatilis CAREAQU S5 SE 

Water Smartweed Polygonum amphibium POLYAMP S5 FO 

Water Speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica VEROANA SE5 FO 

Water Star-grass Heteranthera dubia HETEDUB S5 FO 

Water Starwort Species Callitriche sp CALH-SP FO 

Water Willow Justicia americana JUSTAME S1 FO 

Water-clover Marsilea quadrifolia MARSQUA SE1 FE 

Water-cress Nasturtium officinale NASTOFF SE FO 

Water-cress Species Nasturtium sp NAST-SP FO 

Water-hemlock Species Cicuta sp CICU-SP FO 

Water-hemp Amaranthus tuberculatus AMARTUB S4 FO 

Water-horehound Species Lycopus sp LYCP-SP FO 

Water-leaf Species Hydrophyllum sp HYDR-SP FO 

Water-lily Species Nymphaea sp NYMP-SP FO 

Water-milfoil Species Myriophyllum sp MYRI-SP FO 

Water-parsnip Sium suave SIUMSUA S5 FO 

Waterpod Ellisia nyctelea ELLINYC SE1 FO 

Water-shield Brasenia schreberi BRASSCH S5 FO 

Waterweed Species Elodea sp 

50 

ELOD-SP FO



Waxy Meadow-rue Thalictrum revolutum THALREV S2 FO 

Wayfaring Tree Viburnum lantana VIBULAN SE2 SH 

Wayside Speedwell Veronica polita VEROPOL SE4 FO 

Weak Blue Grass Poa languida POA-LAN S3 GR 

Weak-stemmed Wood Sedge Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis CARELXC S4 SE 

Wedge Grass Species Sphenopholis sp SPHE-SP GR 

Weeping White Willow Salix X rubens SALIRUB SHBE4 TR 

Western Elodea Elodea nuttallii ELODNUT S3 FO 

Western Fescue Festuca occidentalis FESTOCC S4? GR 

Western Grape Fern Botrychium hesperium BOTRHES S1 FE 

Western Poison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. rydbergii RHUSRYD S5 SH 

Western Purslane Speedwell Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis VEROPEX S4 FO 

Western Water-horehound Lycopus asper LYCOASP S4 FO 

Western Wheat Grass Elymus smithii ELYMSMI S2 GR 

White Adder's-mouth Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda MALAMOB S4 FO 

White Ash Fraxinus americana FRAXAME S5 TR 

White Avens Geum canadense GEUMCAN S5 FO 

White Baneberry Actaea pachypoda ACTAPAC S5 FO 

White Beak Rush Rhynchospora alba RHYNALB S5 SE 

White Birch Betula papyrifera BETUPAP S5 TR 

White Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium albidum SISYALB S1 FO 

White Camass Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus ZIGAELG S4 FO 

White Clover Trifolium repens TRIFREP SE5 FO 

White Dead-nettle Lamium album LAMIALB SE1 FO 

Whit White Evening-primrose E i i Oenothera O th nuttallii tt llii OENONUT SE1 FO 

White Goldenrod Solidago bicolor SOLIBIC S4? FO 

White Grass Leersia virginica LEERVIR S4 GR 

White Horehound Marrubium vulgare MARRVUL SE2 FO 

White Lettuce Prenanthes alba PRENALB S5 FO 

White Lettuce Species Prenanthes sp PREN-SP FO 

White Mulberry Morus alba MORUALB SE5 TR 

White Mustard Sinapis alba SINAALB SE2 FO 

White Oak Quercus alba QUERALB S5 TR 

White Snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum EUPARUG S5 FO 

White Spring Cress Cardamine bulbosa CARDBUL S4 FO 

White Spruce Picea glauca PICEGLA S5 TR 

White Stonecrop Sedum album SEDUALB SE1 FO 

White Swallow-wort Cynanchum rossicum CYNAROS SE5 VI 

White Sweet-clover Melilotus alba MELIALB SE5 FO 

White Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana var. alba ANEMVIA SU FO 

White Trillium Trillium grandiflorum TRILGRA S5 FO 

White Trout Lily Erythronium albidum ERYTALB S4 FO 

White Vervain Verbena urticifolia VERBURT S5 FO 

White Water Crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus RANUAQD S4S5 FO 

White Wild Licorice Galium circaezans GALICIR S5 FO 

White Willow Salix alba SALIALB SE4 TR 

White Wood Aster Aster divaricatus ASTEDIV S2 FO 

White-haired Panic Grass Panicum villosissimum 

51 

PANIVIL S3 GR



White-stem Pondweed Potamogeton praelongus POTAPRA S4S5 FO 

Whitlow Pepperwort Cardaria draba ssp. draba CARDDRD SE2 FO 

Whitlow-grass Species Draba sp DRAB-SP FO 

Whorled Loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia LYSIQUA S4 FO 

Whorled Mallow Malva verticillata MALVVER SE1 FO 

Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata ASCLVER S4 FO 

Whorled Milkwort Polygala verticillata POLYVER S4 FO 

Whorled Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. verticillatum PYCNVEV S1? FO 

Whorled Pogonia Species Isotria sp ISOT-SP FO 

Whorled Wood Aster Aster acuminatus ASTEACU S4 FO 

Wiegand's Sedge Carex wiegandii CAREWIE S1 SE 

Wild Basil Clinopodium vulgare CLINVUL S5 FO 

Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa MONAFIS S5 FO 

Wild Black Currant Ribes americanum RIBEAME S5 SH 

Wild Blue Phlox Phlox divaricata PHLODIV S4 FO 

Wild Carrot Daucus carota DAUCCAR SE5 FO 

Wild Chervil Anthriscus sylvestris ANTHSYL SE4? FO 

Wild Chives Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum ALLISCS S4 FO 

Wild Coffee Triosteum aurantiacum TRIOAUR S5 FO 

Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis AQUICAN S5 FO 

Wild Comfrey Cynoglossum boreale CYNOBOR S4 FO 

Wild Crabapple Malus coronaria MALUCOR S4 SH 

Wild Cucumber Echinocystis lobata ECHILOB S5 VI 

Wild Four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea MIRANYC S4 FO 

Wild GGarlic li Alli Allium canadense d var. canadense d ALLICAC S5 FO 

Wild Ginger Asarum canadense ASARCAN S5 FO 

Wild Hyacinth Camassia scilloides CAMASCI S2 FO 

Wild Leek Allium tricoccum ALLITRI S5 FO 

Wild Licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota GLYCLEP S3 FO 

Wild Lupine Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis LUPIPEP S3 FO 

Wild Marjaram Origanum vulgare ORIGVUL SE5 FO 

Wild Mint Mentha arvensis ssp. borealis MENTARB S5 FO 

Wild Mustard Sinapis arvensis SINAARV SE5 FO 

Wild Oats Avena fatua AVENFAT SE3 GR 

Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa PASTSAT SE5 FO 

Wild Potato-vine Ipomoea pandurata IPOMPAN S1 VI 

Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum RAPHRAP SE3 FO 

Wild Raisin Viburnum cassinoides VIBUCAS S5 SH 

Wild Red Raspberry Rubus idaeus ssp. melanolasius RUBUIDM S5 SH 

Wild Rice Species Zizania sp ZIZA-SP GR 

Wild Rye Species Elymus sp ELYM-SP GR 

Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis ARALNUD S5 FO 

Wild Savoury Calamintha arkansana CALAARK S4S5 FO 

Wild Stonecrop Sedum ternatum SEDUTER SE1 FO 

Wild Sweet William Phlox maculata PHLOMAC SE1 FO 

Wild Tobacco Nicotiana rustica NICORUS SE1 FO 

Wild Turnip Brassica rapa BRASRAP SE5 FO 

Wild Yamroot Dioscorea quaternata 

52 

DIOSQUA S4 VI



Williams' Sedge Carex willdenowii CAREWIL S1 SE 

Willow Aster Aster praealtus var. praealtus ASTEPRP S2 FO 

Willow Species Salix sp SALI-SP SH 

Willow-herb Species Epilobium sp EPIL-SP FO 

Willow-leaved Dock Rumex triangulivalvis RUMETRI S4 FO 

Willow-leaved Lettuce Lactuca saligna LACTSAL SE1 FO 

Willow-leaved Meadowsweet Spiraea salicifolia SPIRSAL SE1 SH 

Windlestraw Apera spica-venti APERSPI SE3 GR 

Winged Euonymus Euonymus alata EUONALA SE2 SH 

Winged Lythrum Lythrum alatum LYTHALA S3 FO 

Winged Monkey-flower Mimulus alatus MIMUALA S2 FO 

Winged Pigweed Cycloloma atriplicifolium CYCLATR S4 FO 

Wing-stem Verbesina alternifolia VERBALT S3 FO 

Winter Creeper Euonymus fortunei EUONFOR SE1 SH 

Winterberry Ilex verticillata ILEXVER S5 SH 

Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens GAULPRO S5 SH 

Wire Rush Juncus balticus JUNCBAL S5 RU 

Wirestem Muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa MUHLFRO S4 GR 

Wiry Panic Grass Panicum flexile PANIFLE S4 GR 

Witch Panic Grass Panicum capillare PANICAP S5 GR 

Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana HAMAVIR S5 SH 

Wolfberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis SYMPOCC SE3 SH 

Wood Anemone Anemone quinquefolia ANEMQUI S5 FO 

Wood Avens Geum urbanum GEUMURB SE2 FO 

WWood d Bl Blue GGrass PPoa nemoralis li POA POA-NEM NEM SE3 GR 

Wood Fern Species Dryopteris sp DRYO-SP FE 

Wood Germander Teucrium canadense ssp. canadense TEUCCAC S5? FO 

Wood Gray Sedge Carex amphibola var. turgida CAREAMT S4 SE 

Wood Lily Lilium philadelphicum LILIPHI S5 FO 

Wood Millet Milium effusum MILIEFF S4S5 GR 

Wood Nettle Laportea canadensis LAPOCAN S5 FO 

Wood Pea Lathyrus sylvestris LATHSYL SE3 VI 

Wood Poppy Stylophorum diphyllum STYLDIP S1 FO 

Wood Spurge Euphorbia commutata EUPHCOM S1 FO 

Wood Whitlow-grass Draba nemorosa DRABNEM S4? FO 

Wood-betony Pedicularis canadensis PEDICAN S5 FO 

Wood-betony Species Pedicularis sp PEDI-SP FO 

Woodland Blue Grass Poa sylvestris POA-SYL S2 GR 

Woodland Bulrush Scirpus expansus SCIREXP S1 SE 

Woodland Burdock Arctium minus ssp. nemorosum ARCTMIN SE1? FO 

Woodland Forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica MYOSSYL SE4 FO 

Woodland Hawthorn Crataegus sylvestris CRATSYL SU SH 

Woodland Horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum EQUISYL S5 FE 

Woodland Satin Grass Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. sylvatica MUHLSYS S2 GR 

Woodland Sedge Carex sylvatica CARESYL SE2 SE 

Woodland Strawberry Fragaria vesca ssp. americana FRAGVEA S5 FO 

Woodreed Species Cinna sp CINN-SP GR 

Woodrush Species Luzula sp 

53 

LUZU-SP RU



Woodsia Species Woodsia sp WOOD-SP FE 

Wood-sorrel Species Oxalis sp OXAL-SP FO 

Woody Vine Species Woody vine sp WOVI-SP VW 

Wool Grass Scirpus cyperinus SCIRCYP S5 SE 

Woolly Croton Croton capitatus CROTCAP SE1 FO 

Woolly Mint Mentha X villosa MENTVIL SHBE1 FO 

Woolly Yarrow Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa ACHIMIL S5 FO 

Wormseed Mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides ssp. cheiranthoides ERYSCHC SE5 FO 

Wormwood Species Artemisia sp ARTE-SP FO 

Wrinkled Rose Rosa rugosa ROSARUG SE1 SH 

Yarrow Species Achillea sp ACHI-SP FO 

Yellow Avens Geum aleppicum GEUMALE S5 FO 

Yellow Ball-mustard Neslia paniculata NESLPAN SE3 FO 

Yellow Bartonia Bartonia virginica BARTVIR S2 FO 

Yellow Bedstraw Galium verum GALIVER SE4 FO 

Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis BETUALL S5 TR 

Yellow Chamomile Anthemis tinctoria ANTHTIN SE1 FO 

Yellow Clover Trifolium aureum TRIFAUE SE5 FO 

Yellow Day-lily Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus HEMELIL SE4 FO 

Yellow Flat Sedge Cyperus flavescens CYPEFLA S2 SE 

Yellow Flax Species Linum sp LINU-SP FO 

Yellow Foxglove Digitalis grandiflora DIGIGRA SE1 FO 

Yellow Foxtail Setaria pumila SETAPUM SE5 GR 

Yellow Giant Hyssop Agastache nepetoides AGASNEP S4 FO 

YYellow ll Horse-gentian H ti Triosteum T i t angustifolium tif li TRIOANG S1 FO 

Yellow Indigo Baptisia tinctoria BAPTTIN S2 FO 

Yellow Iris Iris pseudacorus IRISPSE SE3 FO 

Yellow Ladies' Tresses Spiranthes ochroleuca SPIROCH S2 FO 

Yellow Mandarin Disporum lanuginosum DISPLAN S4 FO 

Yellow Pimpernel Taenidia integerrima TAENINT S4 FO 

Yellow Sedge Carex flava CAREFLV S5 SE 

Yellow Star-grass Hypoxis hirsuta HYPOHIR S3 FO 

Yellow Sweet-clover Melilotus officinalis MELIOFF SE5 FO 

Yellow Trout Lily Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum ERYTAMA S5 FO 

Yellow Vetchling Lathyrus pratensis LATHPRA SE2 VI 

Yellow Violet Viola pubescens VIOLPUB S5 FO 

Yellow Water Buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris RANUFLA S4? FO 

Yellow-fruited Fox Sedge Carex annectens CAREANA S2 SE 

Yellowish Gentian Gentiana flavida GENTFLA S1 FO 

Zig-zag Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis SOLIFLE S5 FO 

54

Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?