Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia of the Eastern Pacific Ocean ...

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11111 12038893 

Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries 

and Aquatic Sciences 61 

Catalogue of the Living 

Bivalvia of the Eastern 

Pacific Ocean: 

Bering Strait to Cape Horn 

FR.Bernard 

Fisheries & Oceans 

LIBRARY , 

ratt 16 Igor 

BIBLIOTHÈQUE 

Pêc:las & Océans

CANADIAN SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC 

SCIENCES 61 

Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia 

of the Eastern Pacific Ocean: 

Bering Strait to Cape Horn 

F. R. BERNARD 

Department of Fisheries and Oceans 

Pacific Biological Station 

Nanaimo, British Columbia 

Canada V9R 5K6 

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS 

Ottawa 1983

Correct citation for this publication: 

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BERNARD, F.R. 1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern 

Pacific Ocean: Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Can. Spec. Publ. 

Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61:102 p. 

Catalog No. Fs 41-31/61E 

ISBN 0-660-11270-1 

ISSN 0706-6481 

Price subject to change without notice 

Ottawa 

Printed in Canada 

by 

Love Printing Services Ltd. 

Ottawa, Ontario 

Map on page viii is reproduced with permission of the 

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources.

To D.B. Quayle 

Fhariv.s & Oceans 

LIBRARY. 

j:Li 

BERLIOTHÈQUE 

P9i/Cill-,9S OCEiien 

'71 

'

ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ 

INTRODUCTION 

Contents 

Format 1 

Origin and classification of Bivalvia 2 

Acknowledgments 5 

Collections consulted 5 

Abbreviations 5 

OUTLINE OF CLASSIFICATION 

SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE 9 

Notes 

References cited 71 

TAXONOMIC BIBLIOGFtAPHY 73 

INDEX 

• 

Vii 

7 

67 

86

Abstract 

BERNARD, F.R. 1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean: 

Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61:102 p. 

This work consists of a systematic catalogue and primary bibliography of the living 

Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean from Bering Strait, Alaska (66°N) to Cape Horn, 

Tierra del Fuego (60°S). 1308 species from the high intertidal zone to deep waters extending 

approximately two thousand kilometers offshore are included, representing the total described 

fauna. Synonymies for each species and its distribution updated from the recent 

literature and museum and private collections, are given. Also presented are the thermal 

range and fossil occurrence in the region, abstracted from the literature and collections. The 

bibliography lists sources of primary descriptions and replacement names at the specific 

level only. New species are not proposed, though six replacement names and various 

changes of suprageneric categories are suggested. 

The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Anadara auricula nom. nov. pro 

Arca auriculata Sowerby, 1833 not Lamarck; Modiolus kurilensis nom. nov. pro Volsella 

difficilis Kuroda and Habe 1950 not Deshayes; Pecten berryi nom. nov. pro Pecten lunaris 

Berry 1963 not Renner; Petricola olssoni nom. nov. pro Petricola peruviana Olsson, 1961 

not Jay; Semele clydosa nom. nov. pro Amphidesma punctatum Sowerby 1833 not Say; 

Astartacea superfamily nom. transi.; Axinopsidinae subfamily nov.; Borniinae subfamily 

nov.; Crassatellacea superfamily emend.; Eryciniinae subfamily nom. transi.; Glycymeridacea 

superfamily nov.; Kelliinae subfamily nov.; Lasaeinae subfamily nom. transi.; 

Montacutinae subfamily nom. transi.; Mysellinae subfamily nov.; Orobitellinae subfamily 

nov.; Thecodontinae subfamily nov.; Thraciacea superfamily nom. transi.; Thyasirinae 

subfamily nov. 

Résumé 

BERNARD, F.R. 1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific Ocean: 

Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Agnat. Sci. 61:102 p. 

La présente publication contient un catalogue systématique et une bibliographie de base 

des Bivalvia existants du Pacifique oriental, depuis le détroit de Béring, en Alaska (66°N), 

jusqu'au cap Horn, en Terre de Feu (60°S). Elle comprend 1 308 espèces réparties de la 

zone intertidale supérieure aux eaux profondes jusqu'à environ 2 000 km au large et 

représentant le total de la faune décrite à ce jour. On y donne, pour chaque espèce, les 

synonymes et la répartition mise à jour d'après les récentes publications et les collections de 

musées ou privées. Sont inclus également les extrêmes de température où se trouvent ces 

espèces, ainsi que l'incidence de fossiles dans la région, ici encore extraits de la littérature et 

des collections. Dans la bibliographie, on indique les sources de descriptions originelles et 

les noms de remplacement seulement au niveau spécifique. Aucune nouvelle espèce n'est 

proposée, bien six noms de remplacement et divers changements de catégories supragénériques 

soient suggérés. 

Nous proposons les changements suivants dans la nomenclature : Anadara auricula 

nom. nov. pro Arca auriculata Sowerby, 1833, non pas Lamarck; Modiolus kurilensis 

nom. nov. pro Volsella difficilis Kuroda et Habe 1950, non Deshayes; Pecten berryi nom. 

nov. pro Pecten lunaris Berry 1963, non Römer; Petricola olssoni nom. nov. pro Petricola 

peruviana Olsson, 1961, non Jay; Semele clydosa nom. nov. pro Amphidesma punctatum 

Sowerby 1833, non Say; super-famille Astartacea nom, transi.; sous-famille Axinopsidinae 

nov.; sous-famille Borniinae nov.; super-famille Crassatellacea emend.; sous-famille 

Eryciniinae nom. transi.; super-famille Glycymeridacea nov.; sous-famille Kelliinae nov.; 

sous-famille Lasaeinae nom, transi.; sous-famille Montacutinae nom, transi.; sous-famille 

Mysellinae nov.; sous-famille Orobitellinae nov.; sous-famille Thecodontinae nov.; superfamille 

Thraciacea nom. transi.; sous-famille Thyasirinae nov. 

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RePe, ' eUENOS A

No comprehensive inventory of the bivalve fauna of the 

entire eastern Pacific has appeared, and it is more than 44 

years since A. M. Keen's Check list and bibliography of the 

northwestern American marine Mollusca (1937). The 

present catalogue was started over fifteen years ago to provide 

data for a re-interpretation of bivalve geography using 

new distributional data, segregated by depth to resolve 

effects of submergence of northern species at lower latitude, 

and submitted to computer techniques for analysis. This 

work is now in final preparation (Bernard & McKinnel MS), 

but it appeared useful for taxonomic workers to issue the 

data, and setting down in juxtaposition the northern and 

southern representatives of various groups may stimulate 

further study leading to monographie reviews. 

I have attempted to include all binomina used regionally, 

though the early literature is replete with extralimital analogues. 

I have built on the important faunistic works of 

Carpenter (1872), Dall (1921), Keen (1937), and Burch 

(1944-46) for the northern fauna; Olsson (1961) and Keen 

(1971) for tropical America; and Carcelles & Williamson 

(1951) and Osorio & Bahamonde (1970) for the southern 

fauna. Other records were obtained by abstracting the literature 

and more than 5000 titles were searched. I have avoided 

mere lucubrations of published records, that so often repeat 

and perpetuate errors, and wherever possible type material 

was examined and collections consulted contemporaneous to 

writings of authors where original material is unavailable or 

lost. In some cases the total nomenclatural confusion makes 

determination of identity a matter of idle but not uninteresting 

speculation. 

A critical review of each group is impossible on so large a 

scale and would result in several volumes of heroic proportions. 

I have let stand a number of incorrect generic 

usages, as these long-established errors require erection of 

new taxa for their correction. However, I have corrected 

homonyms and have merged a number of species. Doubtless, 

synonyms and other oversights have crept in. Besides such 

outright errors, two further difficulties will try the readerpertinent 

literature may have been overlooked, and the lag in 

publication time will result in omission of newly described 

species. I apologise for these shortcomings and hope they 

will be brought to my attention for revision. 

FORMAT 

Suprageneric taxa are arranged to reflect current concepts 

of taxonomic relationships, combining stratigraphie, anatomical, 

shell ultrastructure and other criteria with the classic 

shell morphology. A brief overview of the present status of 

the systematics of the higher taxa is given below. 

Bibliographic references for the supraspecific taxa are not 

cited, where they are available in the Treatise on Invertebrate 

Paleontology (Moore 1969), and do not require repetition, 

but references to authors of names which appeared after 

1969, are included. Authorities for corrections of names and 

INTRODUCTION 

changes in concepts or status are given, but do not appear in 

the bibliography. 

Genera and subgenera are arranged alphabetically. I have 

avoided listing the nominate genus directly following the 

family or subfamily entry as done in the 'Treatise' , as this 

merely reflects chronology and is often disruptive of the 

current view of natural relationships, which are constantly 

changing as more information accumulates. 

Each species comprises a separate entry, with the current 

binomen in heavy type. The original combination and full 

bibliographic reference follows for the species and its junior 

synonyms, arranged chronologically, the status indicated, 

where necessary, with abbreviated latin terrns. Distribution 

outside the area of concern is briefly indicated. Occurrence in 

the Clipperton, Cocos, or Galapagos Islands fauna is noted, 

as there appear to be features distinct from the continental 

shelf biota, notably the presence of a few endemic taxa and 

those species with Indo-Pacific affinities. The final line of 

each entry includes the geographic range to nearest degree of 

latitude and the mid-point of geographical distribution. The 

bathymetric range is in meters, and may differ from previously 

published records as I have not cited depths based on 

dead and probably displaced material. Thermal ranges are 

followed by the oldest paleontological occurrence on the 

American continent. Extralimital or incorrect binomina 

which have become embedded in the literature are presented 

in smaller type. Departures from current systematic arrangement 

and proposals of replacement names are annotated by a 

numbered entry appearing at the end of the catalogue section. 

It is an irritant to the non-taxonomist to be faced with 

changes of familiar names; however, it is unavoidable to 

eventual stability and universality. All genus taxa were 

checked with Neave (1939-75), and the specific names with 

Sherborn (1902-33), and the useful compilation by Ruhoff 

(1980) bridging the period between Sherborn and the start of 

the Zoological Record. Contemporary taxonomy has largely 

disgarded the typological concept of the species in favor of 

emphasis on infraspecific variability. Following this I do not 

use the subspecific designation, as the majority of wideranging 

species are expected to yield several subspecies. 

Formal taxonomie citation requires only the binomen 

(genus and species), however, the original author and 

publication date are usually appended. The addition of 

pagination, references to illustrations, addition of the author 

or editor of the work in which the description appeared, 

citation of the authority for change of genus, etc, is merely 

book-keeping with no formal taxonomie status. I have, 

generally, followed the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 

(Gorman & Winkler 1978) when citing authorities' names. 

The prefix Du, de, von, etc is not included (Orbigny not 

d' Orbigny; Blainville not Ducrotay de Blainville). Technically 

this is acceptable only when the prefix follows the first 

name, in other cases the name should be quoted in full 

(Megerle von Milhlfeld), but as no doubt arises, and considerable 

space is saved, I have followed the informal European 

usage among peers (Megerle). 

1

Geographic ranges were obtained by computer processing 

records compiled by one degree blocks of the coastline segregated 

in several depth categories. All end points were confirmed 

by examination of material: in the few situations 

where this was not possible, the literature records were 

accepted only if there is only a small possibility of error of 

identification. Even so, terminal ranges may frequently be 

collecting artifacts , rather than true end points, though the 

records from the central American region are fairly reliable 

thanks to good coverage in the Los Angeles County 

Museum, the Allan Hancock Foundation and the Stanford 

(now in the California Academy of Science) collections. The 

situation is less stable in the poorly collected Bering Sea and 

the Chilean fauna. 

The median latitude, the arithmetic mean of the north and 

south limits of distribution, may be a useful comparative 

index. Schenck & Keen (1936) proposed a faunistic analysis 

based on mid-points on the assumption that 'provinces' are 

indicated by clustering of mid-points at their centre. It is now 

accepted that centres of distribution do not necessarily coincide 

with the geographical centre (Newell 1948). The value 

of end-point analysis is not as much a pioneer attempt to use 

objective criteria for biogeographic province delimitation, as 

a tool for comparing faunas, particularly Pleistocene assemblages 

(Schenck & Keen 1940, largely repeated by Schenck 

1945), when bathymetrical and ecological conditions are 

taken into account. The use of mid-point analysis and correction 

factors for extant faunal displacement, will be fully 

discussed in a forthcoming paper (Bernard & McKinnell 

MS). 

The temperature range given for each species is an attempt 

to supply another index useful for estimating paleotemperatures 

of Pleistocene bivalve faunas. The shown values were 

generated by computer from data entered by depth. The 

calculated value is the mean of the closest adjoining records, 

ignoring sharp thermoclines or micro-regional climates, so at 

best it is a compromise, subject to revision as more precise 

data become available. Data were obtained from Love (1971, 

I 972a, b, 1973), Gorshov (1974), Muromtsev (1963), 

Stevenson et al. (1970), Kuksa (1978) and the U.S. Department 

of Commerce (1970). Averaging the temperatures of 

the species occurring probably will not yield a defendable 

estimate of temperature, but the proportion of thermophilic 

or cryophilic species will indicate the minimal temperature 

range. 

The geological range for each species is noted using standard 

Pacific coast provincial megafossil chronology and refers 

to the eastern Pacific only. Critical comparisons were 

made where possible between fossil and living material, 

particularly with fossils from the Atlantic and the northwestern 

Pacific Oceans. This brought to light the frequently 

diverging views of the species concept held by neontologists 

and their palaeontologist colleagues (Newell and Boyd 

1978). Differentiating characters change over time, but morphological 

features used to cluster populations into species 

must be accorded comparable importance over space and 

time. If characters fall into the expected variability of the 

species, then temporal separation is insufficient to maintain 

specific status. 

2 

ORIGIN AND CLASSIfiCATION OF BIVALVIA. 

Various organisms with apparently bivalved exterior 

shells are known from the earliest fossil strata, but undoubted 

Bivalvia first appear in the Ordovician, already diversified 

into major groups from which all living forms can be derived 

(Pojeta 1971). The antiquity of these major lines has resulted 

in the proposal of subclasses, and even subphyla (Scarlato & 

Starobogatov 1978), for a group long thought to be more 

uniform than many other invertebrate phyla. Nevesskaya et 

al. (1971) recognised the underlying uniformity of the Bivalvia 

and used only superorders for primary divisions. However, 

increasing information on comparative anatomy, , shell 

ultrastructure, systematic biochemistry, and palaeontology, 

require high-level taxa neccessary to express diverse relationships 

of a group which may be less cohesive than suggested 

by superficial study. 

Numerous classificatory schema have been proposed during 

the past two centuries, initially based solely on the shell, 

then on the soft anatomy or ecology. The growth and 

rationale of the various systems have been fully reviewed by 

Cox (1960) and again by Newell (1965), expanded and 

lightly revised by Newell in Moore (1969). As emphasis 

moved from conchology to malacology and attempts were 

made to draw in palaeontological data, it was soon evident 

that systems based on single characters were illogical and 

frequently contrary to obvious relationships. Recent efforts 

at classification qattempt to acknowlege the entire spectrum of 

information, but as characters have evolved at different rates 

and complicated by convergence, mosaic evolution, and 

parallelism, evidence frequently is conflicting and cannot be 

accorded equal importance. This subjective weighing that is 

the ultimate task of the systematists and becomes more controversial 

and personal the higher the taxon. Furthermore, as 

the shell is the most accessible structure, and the only available 

one to the palaeontologist, ideally taxonomy should be 

workable at the conchological level. 

Attempts to construct early phylogenies and origins for the 

Mollusca are an entertaining and harmless intellectual diversion, 

well summarised by Vagvolgyi (1967). There exists no 

comprehensive and persuasive theory of descent for the 

Bivalvia, but mention should be made of recent interesting 

speculations. Pojeta et al. (1972) advanced the view that 

rostroconchs, a heterogeneous group of fossils, variously 

assigned to the Arthropoda, Brachiopoda and Mollusca, in 

fact represent an extinct class of Mollusca, ancestral to the 

Bivalvia (Runnegar & Pojeta 1974). Heraultipegma, a Cambrian 

fossil of uncertain affinity is considered the earliest 

rostroconch by Pojeta & Runnegar (1976). Earlier, Pojeta et 

al. (1973) announced that Fordilla, hereto considered a 

Lower Cambrian arthropod (Müller 1975; Missarzhevskiy 

1974), represented the earliest known Bivalvia. Finally, 

Runnegar (1978) derived the bivalved Fordilla from the 

saddle-like single valve of Heraultipegma. This controversial 

contention that rostroconchs are ancestral to Bivalvia, 

is, at best, conjectural, as rostroconchs never developed 

a true bivalve shell, ligament, or adductor muscles. An 

explanation is neccessary to account for the absence of Bivalvia 

from the Middle Cambrian to the Ordovician if Fordilla is 

accepted as the first true Bivalvia. It may be more prudent to

follow Yochelson (1978) and consider Fordilla an early 

extinct molluscan experiment not related to the Bivalvia. 

It is possible to develop a bivalved shell from a single shell 

as demonstrated by Berthelinia and other bivalved sacoglossan 

gastropods. But there is no necessity to derive Bivalvia 

from a calcified, limpet-like ancestor as suggested by Jackson 

(1891) and repeated by others. There are numerous 

difficulties in attempting to obtain two shells by flexure along 

the dorsal line and eventual separation of a single shell. More 

probably it originated from the superficial mucoidproteinaceous 

layer present in a form similar to the wormshaped 

aplacophores (Beedham & Turner 1968). In the 

hypothetical ancestral mollusca, and possibly in the earliest 

Bivalvia, the external surfaces may have consisted of a 

mantle covered by an organic integument with imbedded 

spicules, similar to those occurring in the periostracum of 

some Bivalvia (Carter & Allen 1975). As mode of life 

changed to soft-substrate infaunal existence, the calcareous 

valves may have originated as a protective adaptation or to 

satisfy the requirement for greater rigidy of the walls of the 

mantle cavity. It may also be speculated that the calcareous 

shell represents a neotenous feature originally developed as 

an adaptation to planktonic existence. Calcification probably 

occured as two lateral patches and maintained the orientation 

of the covering integument. Gradual expansion of the calcified 

area was accompanied by development of the hinge 

followed by lateral rotation of the plates, development of the 

adductor muscles and eventual envelopment of the soft parts 

of the organism. This interpretation is supported by the fact 

that the ligament is not a decalcified, or modified portion of 

the shell, but originally represents hypertrophied periostracum 

(Waller 1978). Further support is provided by the 

observation that the initial larval shell originates from two 

bilateral centres of calcification occurring below a cuticle 

secreted by cells bordering the shell gland invagination 

(Kniprath 1979), forming a dumbell-shaped sheet, with 

calcification proceeding outwards in all directions, including 

the future hinge-line (Waller 1981). The shell gland is the 

primordial mantle, and, as it extends after evagination, deposits 

of shell occur along the commissural margins. 

It is frequently repeated that development of an enclosing 

mantle/shell, together with quasi-sedentary fossorial habits, 

led to loss of the head region. In fact the Bivalvia are as 

cephalised as their presumed turbellarian-like ancestors. 

There is no direct evidence that mucoid-ciliary or suspension 

feeding specializations involved disappearance of the radula 

and fore-gut, though retained by scaphopods with similar 

habits. It is my belief that on the basis of comparative 

anatomy and digestive physiology the Bivalvia evolved from 

an ancestral type distantly connected to other extant classes, 

lacking the radula and calcified shell. It is possible that 

considerable radiation of the class occurred prior to development 

of an adult shell, explaining the sudden appearance of 

the diverse groups of Bivalvia in the Ordovician. 

This catalogue presents a conservative arrangement of the 

taxa, but several changes are proposed and I have used, 

where necessary, palaeontological evidence and have leaned 

heavily on the collected papers presented at the 1977 discussion 

"Evolutionary systematics of the bivalve molluscs" 

organised by the Royal Society and the summation of prevailing 

Soviet view given by Scarlato and Starobogatov 

(1979). I summarise the views which led to my arrangement 

of taxa, together with arguments in the notes following the 

catalogue by section. 

There is much evidence supporting the homogeneity of the 

subclass Protobranchia (Cox 1959, Owen 1959, Purchon 

1959, Yonge 1959), but Newell (1965) thought that this 

grouping based primarily upon the common feature of the 

bipinnate gill was not defensible. Current published classifications 

divide the Protobranchia into two subclasses 

based on the presence or absence of taxodont dentition. The 

living taxodont protobranchs are probably derived from Ctenodontidae, 

differing only in the possession of a resilium. 

Though Solemya has existed since the Devonian, considering 

it a living representative of the Cryptodonta is highly conjectural, 

and Taylor et al. (1973) suggested the group may be 

descended from the actinodonts. The other doubtful protobranch 

group is the Nucinellidae, on anatomical evidence 

shown by Allen & Sanders (1969) to be close to Solemya, 

though Taylor et al. (1973) stated the shell to be closer to 

Nuculana than Solemya. I consider the Nucinellidae dating 

from the Jurassic, unrelated to the Permian Manzanellidae. 

The bipinnate gill, present in all the above taxa is strong 

evidence of affinity. It is an organ that is unlikely to have 

developed separately in two or more lineages, and, though 

the various groups have beep independent since earliest time, 

many similarities in anatomy and shell morphology, point to 

a natural group. 

Waller (1978) has provided the most comprehensive contribution 

to our understanding of the pteriomorphs, which he 

divided into three superorders of the subclass Autobranchia. 

I doubt the reality of this subclass, and prefer to arrange 

pteriomorphs as the subclass Pteriomorphia as it probably 

represents a monophyletic though much diversified group. 

The foliated calcite of the shells of living Pectinacea, 

Ostreacea, and Anomiacea evolved from prismatic calcite 

rather than nacreous aragonite (Waller 1975), thus separating 

this group from the obviously related Mytilacea, Pinnacea, 

and Pteriacea. Arcids are believed to be descended from 

cyrtodontids, though Morris (1967) felt the evidence was 

slender, the hypothesis is supported by Pojeta (1971). Newell 

(1954) published a phylogenetic diagram suggestive of 

. descent from actinodont stock, an interpretation supported 

by the gradual shift of the hinge teeth of Mesozoic arcids 

from horizontal to vertical configuration, but appears to have 

abandoned the idea in Moore (1969) by favouring the cyrtodontid 

association. The correct interpretation is obscured by 

the very variable shell form, though the anatomy is markedly 

conservative (Thomas 1978). Taylor et al. (1969) noted that 

arcid shells differed from other pteriomorphs, and I follow 

Cox (1960) in according the group a separate order, but 

would not go as far as Waller (1978) who placed them in the 

emended superorder Prionodonta. The placement of the Philobryidae 

is still uncertain, but shell ultrastructure and ligament 

are arcoid (Waller 1978) so I place it as a family in the 

Arcacea. The genus Glycymeris is known from the Lower 

Cretaceous and Nicol (1950) thought that glycymerids probably 

descended from Jurassic cucullaceans as in the 

Cretaceous there existed representatives of glycymerids with 

3

adial dentition. The small, and probably polyphyletic family 

Limopsidae is known from the Upper Triassic, and I would 

assign its oldest representative, Hoferia Bittner to the glycymerids, 

resulting in a supposed age of only Middle Jurassic. I 

consider, on the basis of stomach morphology and eéology, 

that the Limopsidae and Glycymerididae should be separated 

though roughly of the same age. I follow Habe (1977) in 

allocating only the limopsids to the superfamily Limopsacea, 

but do not agree with merging glycymerids at only the family 

level with the Arcacea and propose the superfamily Glycy- 

meridacea. 

• 

The Mytilacea possess an outer shell layer distinct from all 

other bivalves (Oberling 1964), warranting separation at the 

order level in agreement with Waller (1978). The Mytiloida 

probably represents a distinct lineage to the Ordovician Modiomorphidae 

(Cox 1960). The entirely different prismatic 

outer shell layer of the Pinnacea (Taylor et al. 1973) together 

with the anatomy, show this group should be removed from 

the mytilids and associated with the pteriids, I follow Waller 

(1978) and use the order Pterioida as emended by him, 

including his new suborder Pinnina. The status of limids has 

been mutable, usually included as a superfamily near the 

Anomiacea, their monomyarian condition confusing the 

issue until authors showed that the condition arose independently 

several times in the Pteriomorphia. I again follow 

Waller (1978) and use his new order Limoida emended 

to include only the Limidae. According to Waller the 

Limoida are distantly related to, but more ancient than the 

true oysters, anomiids and pectens. True oysters may have 

derived from pectinid-like Pseudomonotidae of the Triassic 

(Newell & Boyd 1970), but Waller (1978) considers their 

origin much earlier, and emended the Order Ostreoida to 

include the Plicatulacea, Dimyacea as well as the Ostreacea. 

Yonge (1975, 1977b) associated the Dimyidae with the Plicatulidae 

on the basis of ligamental structure and proposed 

the superfamily Plicatulacea. According to Waller (1978) 

scanning electron microscopy does not substantiate these 

conclusions and the taxa should not be merged in a common 

superfamily. The final superfamily in this taxon is the Anomiacea, 

a small group of curiously modified and specialised 

molluscs, including the bivalve 'limpet' Enigmonia. Yonge 

(1977a) reviewed the morphology and evolution of the 

group, reaching conclusions in agreement with Waller 

(1978), but segregated the Indo-Pacific Placuna together 

with the west American Placunanotnia in a separate family. 

The subclass Heterodonta first appeared in the Devonian 

and is certainly polyphyletic. It includes two living orders , 

The Veneroida and the Myoida, but as relationships are so 

poorly known, divisions are made at the superfamily level, 

though it is possible some groups deserve suborder or perhaps, 

ordinal, status. The Veneroidea comprises the largest 

and most diverse group of living Bivalvia, though derivable 

from a common ancestral actinidont stock, hinge and anatomical 

details support its division into a least three major 

groups, accorded subordinal rank by Korobkov (1954) and 

ordinal status by Nevesskaya et al. (1971). In my arrangement 

the superfamily Lucinacea is used for a well-defined 

group that has generally reverted to the presumed primitive 

anterior inhalant opening. The superfamily Carditacea con- 

4 

tains several families with little variability of shell ultrastructure 

(Taylor et al. 1973) and a basic common pattern 

of dentition; also included are the chamids, thought at one 

time to have descended from rudists, but now considered to 

arise from the Carditacea (Kennedy et al. 1970). The dentition 

of juvenile chamids is typically heterodont, but is replaced 

in the adult with large tubercles (Bernard 1976). The 

similarity of the Carditacea to the Crassatellacea was pointed 

out by Yonge (1969), but attributed to convergence by Boyd 

& Newell (1968), though, purely on the basis of the ligament, 

Yonge (1978) combined the Carditacea and Astartacea 

into the superfamily Crassatellacea. Boyd & Newell (1968) 

clearly demonstrated the distinction of the astartid and erassatellid 

lines in the Palaeozoic and that only recently have the 

two converged. I propose erection of the superfamily Astartellacea 

to include the extant astartids , which probably originated 

in the Lower Devonian through such forms as Eodon 

and Prosocoelus (Morris 1978), while crassatellaceans originated 

in the Permian. 

The Tellinacea comprises one of the largest superfamilies 

with many menibers adapted to a wide variety of predominantly 

shallow water infaunal habitats. Davies (1935) 

suggested that Solenaceans may be descended from 

Cretaceous tellinids; however, shell ultrastructure has more 

in common with the mactrids. The superfamily Dreissenacea 

is included as shell valves are frequently encountered near 

river mouths, and though some species are definitely brackish 

water inhabitants, the group is essentially fresh water. 

Because of their mytilid appearance, relationships have been 

obscure, but shell structure is close to that of the Corbiculacea 

and transitional forms between the two have been 

identified (Morton 1970). The Veneracea may be derived 

from Devonian Carditacea (Morris 1967), or perhaps erassatellaceans 

(Stanley, 1968), and Yonge (1969) commented 

on the similarity between these and the Carditacea, however, 

all may be attributable to a common origin from the cyrtodontacea. 

The order Myoida probably represents a single phylogeny 

from at least the Carboniferous. There are several conchological 

characters common to the Ordovician pholadomyids , 

possibly attributable to convergence. The Myida can be 

divided into well-defined natural suborders, the nestling or 

infaunal Myina and the highly modified bun-owing Pholadina. 

The evolution and status of the subclass Anomalodesmata 

was reviewed by Runnegar (1974). It is a widespread group 

but sparsely distributed and contains some of the rarest Bivalvia. 

It arose in the Middle Ordovician (Pojeta 1971), and, 

while the Palaeozoic representatives were classed as primitive, 

later and living species are considered highly evolved. 

Though long distinct, there exist similarities to the Myoida, 

attributable to convergence (Runnegar 1974). I follow 

accepted systematic arrangements for the group, but have 

proposed a new grouping for the so called `septibranchs'. 

The small group of carnivorous bivalves usually called 

septibranchs and presently included in the superfamily 

Poromyacea, has a dual origin. Yonge (1928) first expressed 

the view that they could be descended from protobranch

ancestors, and Purchon (1963) supported the hypothesis on 

the basis of stomach anatomy. Both these authors based their 

views on dissections of Cuspidaria and Poromya only. The 

observation that verticordiids are clearly related to Lyonsia 

and Entodesma led most authors to consider the septibranchs 

an evolutionary sequence from the typical eulamellibranch 

anomalodesmatans through verticordiids showing progressive 

reduction of the gill and stomach, to the 'perfected' 

condition in the entirely abranchiate cuspidariids and 

poromyids. Bernard (1974) examined the stomachs of several 

verticordiids, and the anatomys of other species were 

recorded by Allen & Turner (1974). It is evident the stomach 

is derived from the pholadomyan archetype and approximated 

the cuspidariid condition by convergence due to adaption 

to carnivorous macrophagous behavior. Bernard (1974) 

summarised the differences between verticordiids, cuspidariids, 

and poromyids and concluded the latter two are quite 

distinct from the former. This interpretation is supported by 

the conchological investigations of Taylor et al. (1973), who 

found the shell microstructure to be different. The paleontological 

record also supports separation, as the verticordiids 

only extend to the Pliocene, while cuspidariids are at least 

Triassic, and poromyids occur in the Cretaceous. It is concluded 

the Verticordiacea is a superfamily which represents a 

late adaptation of typical pandoraceans to carnivorous nutrition. 

Cuspidariids, on the other hand, arose much earlier, probably 

from pholadomyan stock, before the Triassic as suggested 

by Cox (1960), possibly from the Permian Edmondiacea. 

They form a cohesive group, all with seven siphonal 

tentacles and usually four pairs of septal ostia. The hinge is 

plastic, particularly in the presence of tubercles, and the 

insertion of the septal muscles is highly specific according to 

Knudsen (1967). The hinge and other features of poromyids 

are distinct (Yonge & Morton 1980) and support separation 

of the taxon at least at the superfamily level. It is conceivable 

that cuspidariids and poromyids did not originate from a 

stock with developed gills, but the septum developed in 

gill-less deposit-feeding Bivalvia with palliai structure similar 

to the Siliculidae or Pristiglomidae. The later are.both 

protobranchs, but it is significant to note that the earliest 

extinct anomalodesmaceans were similar to, and classified 

with, the paleotaxodonts (Newell 1965). This may also 

account for some of the affinities of the two groups. 

Though the lack of relationship between verticordiids, 

poromyids and cuspidariids is widely recognized (Nevesskaya 

et al. 1971, Runnegar 1974, Bernard 1974, 1979, 

Salvini-Plawen 1980), adherents to the gradual gill hypotrophy 

from typical eulamellibranch to the gill-less condition, 

still exist and most recently supported by the work of Allen & 

Turner (1974) on verticordiid anatomy and Yonge & Morton 

(1980) on hinge structure. The question will only be satisfactorarily 

resolved by comparative organogenic and 

embryological studies. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

A record of the many kindnesses I have received from 

colleagues over the years this catalogue has been in preparation 

would require a sizeable file and individual acknowledg- 

ments substantially increase its length. I would, therefore, 

express my obligation and deep appreciation to all those who 

so freely helped, particularly those who obtained articles for 

me using cryptic and skeletal references. My appreciation is 

also extended to the curators and staff of the following 

institutions who permitted me to view their holdings and 

were most generous with assistance and advice. 

I am indebted to the following colleagues for their critical 

reading of the manuscript: W. O. Addicott, W. C. Austin, E. 

V. Coan, D. Heppell, A. M. Keen, E. J. Moore, and D. B. 

Quayle. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to 

the library staff of the Pacific Biological Station, for their 

cheerful attention to numerous loan requests, and to M. 

Palmer and her Unit for so carefully typing the manuscript. 

COLLECTIONS CONSULTED 

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia. 

Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, 

Los Angeles. 

British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria. 

British Museum (Natural History), London. 

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 

Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles. 

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 

National Science Museum, Ottawa. 

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm. 

Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal. 

Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. 

United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park. 

United States National Museum, Washington. 

Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen. 

Zoologica Museum, Oslo. 

ABBREVIATIONS 

auctt. auctorum of authors, not as proposed 

originally. 

emend change in concept of 

suprageneric taxon. 

ex talcen from. 

lapsus. lapsus calami error in spelling. 

MS manuscript unpublished work. 

nom. cons. nomen comervandum otherwise unacceptable 

name 

preserved by ICZN. 

nom. correct. nomen correctum valid correction of a 

suprageneric taxon. 

nom. dub. nomen dubium an uncertain name. 

nom. emend. nomen emendatum major change of status 

nom. inq. nomen inquirendum doubtful name requiring 

elucidation 

nom. nov. nomen novum replacement for a preoccupied 

name 

5

nom. nud. nomen nudum technically unacceptable name 

nom, null. nomen nullum invalid accidental change 

of name 

nom. oblit. nomen oblitum name unused in the literature 

for more than 50 years 

nom, transi. nomen transliteratum valid change of a 

name 

nom, van. nomen vanus invalid intentional change of 

name 

enon. binom. invalid, not binominal. 

6 

part. pro parte in part 

preoc. preoccupied invalid name due to previous 

use 

pro. in place of 

s.l. sensu lato. in the broad sense 

s.s. sensu stricto. in the narrow sense 

sp. ind. species indeterminata species not identifiable 

from original description

Class Bivalvia 

Subclass Cryptodonta 

Order Solemyoida 

Superfamily Solemyacea 

Family Solemyidae 

Superfamily Nucinellacea 

Family Nucinellidae 

Subclass Palaeotaxodonta 

Order Nuculoida 

Superfamily Nuculacea 

Family Nuculidae 

Superfamily Nuculanacea 

Family Siliculidae 

Family Sareptidae 

Family Malletiidae 

Family Tindariidae 

Family Nuculanidae 

Family Spinulidae 

Family Yoldiidae 

Subclass Pteriomorphia 

Order Arcoida 

Superfamily Arcacea 

Family Arcidae 

Subfamily Arcinae 

Subfamily Anadarinae 

Subfamily Striarcinae 

Family Noetiidae 

Subfamily Noetiinae 

Family Philobryidae 

Superfamily Limopsacea 

Family Limopsidae 

Superfamily Glycymeridacea 

Family Glycymerididae 

Subfamily Glycymeridinae 

Order Mytiloida 

Superfamily Mytilacea 

Family Mytilidae 

Subfamily Mytilinae 

Subfamily Modiolinae 

Subfamily Crenellinae 

Subfamily Lithophaginae 

Order Pterioida 

Suborder Pteriina 

Subfamily Pteriacea 

Family Pteriidae 

Family Isognomonidae 

Family Vulsellidae 

Suborder Pinnina 

Superfamily Pinnacea 

Family Pinnidae 

Order Limoida 

Superfamily Limacea 

Family Limidae 

Order Ostreoida 

Suborder Ostreina 

Superfamily Ostreacea 

Family Ostreidae 

Subfamily Ostreinae 

OUTLINE OF CLASSIFICATION 

9 Subfamily Lophinae 

9 Superfamily Dimyacea 

9 Family Dimyidae 

9 Superfamily Plicatulacea 

9 

Family Plicatulidae 

9 Suborder Pectinina 

9 Superfamily Pectinacea 

9 Family Pectinidae 

9 Subfamily Chlamydinae 

9 Subfamily Camptonectinae 

9 Subfamily Pectininae 

10 Subfamily Patinopectininae 

10 Family Propeamussidae 

10 Subfamily Propeamussinae 

10 Family Spondylidae 

11 Superfamily Anomiacea 

11 Family Anomiidae 

13 Family Placunidae 

13 Subclass Heterodonta 

14 Order Veneroida 

14 Superfamily Lucinacea 

14 Family Lucinidae 

14 Subfamily Lucininae 

14 Subfamily Myrteinae 

15 Subfamily Milthinae 

16 Subfamily Divaricellinae 

16 Family Thyasiridae 

16 Subfamily Thyasirinae 

16 Subfamily Axinopsidinae 

16 Family Ungulinidae 

16 Family Cyrenoididae 

17 Superfamily Galeommatacea 

17 Family Galeommatidae 

17 Family Kelliidae 

17 Subfamily Kelliinae 

17 Subfamily Borniinae 

17 Family Lasaeidae 

17 Subfamily Lasaeinae 

19 Subfamily Erycininae 

20 Family Leptonidae 

21 Family Montacutidae 

21 Subfamily Montacutinae 

21 Subfamily Mysellinae 

21 Subfamily Orobitellinae 

21 Subfamily Thecodontinae 

21 Subfamily Cyamiacea 

22 Family Cyamiidae 

22 Family Perrierinidae 

22 Family Sportellidae 

22 Family Neoleptonidae 

22 Superfamily Chlamydoconchacea 

22 Family Chlamydoconchidae 

22 Superfamily Carditacea 

23 Family Carditidae 

23 Subfamily Carditinae 

23 Subfamily Carditesinae 

23 Subfamily Carditamerinae 

23 Subfamily Thecaliinae 

7

8 

Family Condylocardiidae 

Subfamily Condylocardiinae 

Superfamily Chamacea 

Family Chamidae 

Superfamily Crassatellacea 

Family Crassatellidae 

Subfamily Crassatellinae 

Subfamily Scambulinae 

Superfamily Astartacea 

Family Astartidae 

Subfamily Astartinae 

Family Cardiniidae 

Superfamily Cardiacea 

Family Cardiidae 

Subfamily Cardiinae 

Subfamily Trachycardiinae 

Subfamily Fraginae 

Subfamily Protocardiinae 

Subfamily Laevicardiinae 

Subfamily Clinocardiinae 

Superfamily Mactracea 

Family Mactridae 

Subfamily Mactrinae 

Subfamily Lutrariinae 

Subfamily Pteropsellinae 

Subfamily Zenatiinae 

Family Mesodesmatidae 

Subfamily Mesodesmatinae 

Subfamily Erviliinae 

Superfamily Solenacea 

Family Solenidae 

Family Cultellidae 

Superfamily Tellinacea 

Family Tellinidae 

Subfamily Tellininae 

Subfamily Macominae 

Family Scrobiculariidae 

Family Psammobiidae 

Subfamily Psammobiinae 

Family Donacidae 

Superfamily Dreissenacea 

Family Dreissenidae 

Superfamily Gaimardiacea 

Family Gaimardiidae 

Superfamily Arcticacea 

Family Trapeziidae 

Family Bernardinidae 

Family Kelliellidae 

Superfamily Glossacea 

Family Vesicomyidae 

Superfamily Corbiculacea 

Family Corbiculidae 

Superfamily Veneracea 

35 Family Veneridae 

35 Subfamily Venerinae 

35 Subfamily Circinae 

35 Subfamily Chioninae 

36 Subfamily Meretricinae 

36 Subfamily Pitarinae 

36 Subfamily Tapetinae 

36 Subfamily Clementinae 

36 Subfamily Cyclininae 

36 Subfamily Gemminae 

36 Family Turtoniidae 

37 Family Cooperellidae 

37 Family Petricolidae 

37 Order Myoida 

37 Suborder Myina 

37 Superfamily Myacea 

38 Family Myidae 

38 Subfamily Myinae 

38 Subfamily Cryptomyinae 

38 Subfamily Spheniinae 

39 Family Corbulidae 

39 Subfamily Corbulinae 

39 Family Spheniopsidae 

40 Superfamily Gastrochaenacea 

40 Family Gastrochaenidae 

41 Superfamily Hiatellacea 

41 F'amily Hiatellidae 

41 Suborder Pholadina 

41 Superfamily Pholadacea 

41 Family Pholadidae 

41 Subfamily Pholadinae 

41 Subfamily Martesiinae 

41 Subfamily Jouannetiinae 

41 Family Xylophagaidae 

41 Family Teredinidae 

44 Subfamily Teredininae 

46 Subfamily Bankiinae 

47 Subclass Anomalodesmata 

47 Order Pholadomyoida 

48 Superfamily Pandoracea 

49 Family Pandoridae 

49 Family Lyonsiidae 

49 Superfamily Thraciacea 

49 Family Thraciidae 

49 Family Periplomatidae 

49 Family Laternulidae 

49 Superfamily Verticordiacea 

49 Family Verticordiidae 

50 Order Septibranchida 

50 Superfamily Poromyacea 

50 Family Poromyidae 

50 Superfamily Cuspidariacea 

50 Family Cuspidariidae 

50 

50 

51 

51 

53 

54 

55 

56 

56 

56 

56 

56 

56 

57 

57 

57 

57 

57 

58 

58 

58 

58 

59 

59 

59 

59 

59 

60 

60 

60 

60 

60 

61 

61 

61 

61 

62 

62 

62 

62 

62 

63 

64 

64 

64 

65 

65 

65 

65 

65 

65 

65 

65

Class Bivalvia Linné, 1758. 

ex Buananni, 1681. = Acephela Cuvier, 1798; Lamellibranchiata Blainville, 

1824; Pelecypoda Goldfuss, 1820. 

Subclass Cryptodonta Neumayr, 1884. 

nom, trans!, et correct. Newell, 1965 ex Cryptodonten. 

Order SOLEMYOIDA DaII, 1889. 

nom , trans!, et correct. Newell, 1965 ex Solenomyacea. 

Superfamily SOLEMYACEA H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

nom. transi. Da11, 1895 ex Solemyida. 

Family Solemyidae Gray, 1840. 

nom. correct. H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857 ex Solenomyadae. 

Genus Acharax DaII, 1908. 

Acharax johnsoni (Dall, 1891). 

Solemya johnsoni Dall, 1891: 189; S. agassizii Dall, 1908a: 2 nom. n id.; 

1908c: 218, 365, pl. 16, f. 10; S. tokunagai Yokoyama, 1925a: 31, pl. 6, 

f. 1-2; S. (Acharax) tibai Kuroda, 1948: 29, f.2. 

Northwest Pacific 

125-57N: 22N 800-3000 m. + I° +9°C Recent. 

Genus Solemya Lamarck, 1818. 

Subgenus Solemya s.s. 

Solemya reidi Bernard, 1980. 

Soletnya (Solemya) reidi Bernard, 1980: 19, f. 1,4; part. S. pananzensis 

auctt. not Dall, 1980. 

34N-58N: 46N 40-600 m. — I° 13°C Recent. 

Subgenus Petrasma Dall, 1908. 

Solemya antarctica Philippi, 1887. 

Solenomya antarctica Philippi, 1887: 186, pl. 42, f. 5. 

50S 40m. +3° + 1 I °C Miocene. 

Solemya panamensis Dall, 1908. 

Solenzya panametzsis Dall, 1908a: 2 nom. turd.; 1908e: 219, 366. 

9N-16N: I2N 20-80m. +13° +30° Recent. 

Solemya valvulus Carpenter, 1864. 

Solenomya va/vu/us Carpenter, 1864b: 311; part. S. occidetztalis anat. 

not Deshayes, 1857 (Atlantic): part Soletnya velunz alien. not Say, 1877 

(Atlantic). 

21N-33N: 27N 2-400 m. +13° +31°C Pleistocene. 

Superfamily NUCINELLACEA Vokes, 1956. 

Family Nucinellidae Vokes, 1956. 

Genus Huxleyia A. Adams, 1860. 

Huxleyia manila (Dall, 1898). 

Cyrilla munita Dall, 1898: 602 (Carpenter MS); Nucula petriola Dall, 

I916a: 9 nonz.nud.; 1916b: 395. 

33N-45N: 39N. 150-600m. +5° +16°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Nucinella Wood, 1851. 

Nucinella subdola (Strong & Hertlein, 1937). 

Pleurodon subdolus Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 162, pl. 35,f. 14, 18, 19. 

23N-28N: 25N. 5-30 m. +17° 29°C Recent. 

Subclass Palaeotaxodonta Korobkov, 1954. 

Order NUCULOIDA Dall 1889. 

nom , trans!, et correct. Newell, 1965 ex Nuculacea. 

Superfamily Nuculacea Gray, 1824. 

nom. transi. Dall, 1889 ex Nuculidae. 

Family NUCULIDAE Gray, 1824. 

Genus Acila H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

Subgenus Acila s.s. 

SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE 

Acila divaricata (Hinds, 1843)) 

Nucula divaricata Hinds, 1843e: 97 not Conrad, 1848 not Valenciennes in Petit- 

Thouars, 1846; N. mirabilis Adams & Reeve in Adams, 1850: 75, pl. 21 . C. 9. 

Japan 

Subgenus Truncacila Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Acila castrensis (Hinds, 1843). 

Nucula castrensis Hinds, 1843e: 98; N. divaricata Conrad, 1848: 432, f. 

la, b, not Hinds, 1843 not Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846;N. lyallii 

Baird, I863b: 71; Acila empirensis Howe, 1922: 96, pl. 9, f. 4,5,8. 

28N-57N: 42N 5-200 m. +3° +26°C Miocene. 

Genus Nucula Lamarck, 1799. 

Subgenus Nucula s.s. 

Nucula chrysocoma Dall, 1908. 

Nucula chrysocoma Dall, 1908e: 219, 370, pl. 18, f. 3,4. 

7S-45N: 19N 750-3900 m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Nucula declivis Hinds, 1843. 

Nucula declivis Hinds, 1843e: 98. 

4S-31N: 13N 5-10m. 

Nucula interflucta Marincovich, 1973. 

Nucula (Nucula) itzterflucta Marincovich, 1973: 7, f. 1. 

20S Intertidal +16° +24°C Recent. 

Nucula iphigenia Dall, 1896. 

Nucula iphigenia Dall, 1896a: 15; N. iphigenia azulensis Olsson, 1942: 

24, pl. 4, f. 2, 5, 7. 

8N 475 m. +8° +25°C Pleistocene. 

Nucula profundorum E. A. Smith, 1885. 

Nucula profundorum E. A. Smith, 1885: 229, pl. 18, f. 13, a. 

36N (178E) 3800 m. +2°C Recent. 

Nucula schencki Hertlein & Strong, 1940. 

Nucula (Nuculopsis) schetzcki Hertlein & Strong, 1940: 384, pl. 1, f. 

8-10. 

16N-29N: 23N 10-45 m. +13° +31°C Recent. 

Nucula striata King & Broderip, 1832. 

Nucula striata King & Broderip, 1832: 337 not Lamarck, 1805 not Sowerby, 1833. 

Magellanic. nom. dub. 

Nucula taeniolata Dall, 1908. 

Nucula taetziolata Dall, 1908e: 219, 368, pl. 7, f. 3, 5. 

17N 900 m. +5° +9°C Recent. 

Sensu loto. 

Nucula agujana Dall, 1908. 

Nucula agujana Dall, 1908e: 219, 370, pl. 10, f. 6, 7. 

6S 1900 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Subgenus Lamellinucula Schenck, 1944. 

Nucula carlottensis Dall, 1897. 

carlottensis Dall, 1897a: 6, pl. 1, f. 15, 16. 

33N-55N: 44W 800-2200 m. +2° +9°C Recent. 

Nucula darella Dall, 1916. 

Nucula darella Dall, 1916b: 394. 

23N-48N: 36N 1500-2600 m. +1° +3°C Recent. 

Nucula exigua Sowerby, 1833. 

Nucula exigua Sowerby, 1833: 198; N. suprastriata Carpenter MS. 

4S-28N: 12N 50-200 m. +10° +27°C Pliocene. 

Nucula paytensis A. Adams, 1856. 

Nucula paytensis A. Adams, 1956: 51. 

5S depth unknown 

Subgenus Leionucula Quenstedt, 1930. 

+10° +31°C Pliocene. 

Recent. 

Nucula bellotii A. Adams, 1856. 

Nucula bellotii A. Adams, 1856: 51; part. Arca tetzuis auctt. not Monta- 

9

gu, 1808 (Atlantic); Nucula inflata Hancock, 1846: 333, pl. 5, f. 13, 14 

not Sowerby, 1827 not Wissman & Münster, 1841; N. expansa Reeve in 

Belcher, 1855: 397, pl. 33, f. 2 not Wissman & Münster, 1841 not Bronn, 

1848; N. tenuis typica G. O. Sars, 1878: 34. 

Panarctic and circumboreal. 

60N-72N: 66N 10-2500 m. —1° +6°C Pleistocene. 

Nucula cardara Dall, 1916. 

Nucula cardara Dall, 1916a: 9 nom. nud.; 1916b: 394. 

23N-48N: 36N 1600-2600 m. +r +3°C Recent. 

Nucula colombiana Dall, 1908. 2 

Nucula colombiana Dall, 1908c: 219, 371. 

9S-17S: 13S 45-120 m. +IO° +29°C Pleistocene. 

Nucula grayi Orbigny, 1846. 

Nucula grayi Orbigny, 1846: 625;N. obliqua Sowerby, 1833: 5, pl. 16, f. 

21 not Lamarck, 1819, not Say, 1820; part. N. savatieri auctt. not 

Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889; N. tanneri Dall, 

1908c: 219, 367. 

43S-54S: 49S 300-700 m, +2° +13°C Recent. 

Nucula linki Dall, 1916. 3 

Nucula linki Dall, 1916a: 9 nom. nud.; 1916b: 394. 

28N-34N: 3IN 45-150 m. +5° +31°C Recent. 

Nucula panamina Dall, 1908. 4 

Nucula panamina Dall, 1908c: 219, 368, pl. 6, f. 11. 

6N 3000 m. 2°C Recent. 

Nucula quirica Dall, 1916. 

Nucula quirica Dall, 1916a: 9 nom. nud.; 1916b: 394; part. Arca tenuis 

auctt. not Montagu, 1808 (Atlantic); Leda cancellata auctt. not Jeffreys, 

1876 (Atlantic); part. N. bellotil auctt. not A. Adams, 1856. 

58N-60N: 59N 100-225 m. -1 ° +18°C Recent. 

Nucula puelcha Orbigny, 1842. 

Nucula puelcha Orbigny, 1842: 162; N. uruguayensis E. A. Smith, 

1880b: 320 not Marshall, 1929; N. savatieri auctt. not Mabille & Rochebrune 

in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889; N. pigafettae Dall, 1908c: 219, 

368; N. felipponei Marshall, 1929: 6, pl. 4, f. 10-12. 

South Atlantic 

47S-55S: 515 400-800 m. 0° +7°C Recent. 

Nucula tenuis (Montagu, 1808). 

Arca tenuis Montagu, 1808: 56, pl. 29, f. 1; Nucula tamis lucida 

Whiteaves, 1887: 120. 

Circumboreal 

28°N-62N: 45N 5-300 m. +10 +16°C Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Linucula Marvvick, 1931. 

Nucula crenulata A. Adams, 1856. 

Nucula crenulata A. Adams, 1856: 52; ? N. culebrensis E. A. Smith, 

1885: 228, pl. 8, f. 11, a. 


45S-54S: 50S 800-1300 m. 0° +7°C Recent. 

Nucula fernandensis Villarroel, 1971. 

Nucula (Nucula) fernandensis Villarroel, 1971: 161, pl. 1, f. 1, a, 2, b. 

345 220 m. +9° +19°C Recent. 

Nucula pisum Sowerby, 1833. 

Nucula pisum Sowerby, 1833: 198 not T. Brown, 1845; N. semiornata 

Orbigny, 1846: 624, pl. 84, f. 27-29. 


33S-55S: 44S 10-100 m. +1 0 +20°C Pliocene. 

Superfamily NUCULANACEA H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

Family Siliculidae Allen & Sanders, 1973. 

Genus Silicula Jeffreys, 1879. 

Silicula fragilis Jeffreys, 1880. 

Silicula fragilis Jeffreys, 1880: 574, pl. 45, f. 6, a. 

Magellanic? Recent. 

10 

Silicula patagonica Dall, 1908. 

Phaseolus (Silicula) patagonicus Dall, 1908c: 220, 392. 

51S 223 m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Family Sareptidae A. Adams, 1860 

nom. transi. Nevesskaya, Scarlato, Starobogatov, & Ebersin, 1971. 

Genus Sarepta A. Adams, 1860 

Sarepta abyssicola E. A. Smith, 1885. 

Sarepta abyssicola E. A. Smith, 1885: 242, pl. 20, f. 6a, b. 

22S(150W),36N(178E)3750-3450 m. I°C Recent. 

Sarepta hoylei (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Yoldia hoylei E. A. Smith, 1885: 320, text-f. 

35N(169E) 5300 m. 1°C Recent. 

Family Malletiidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

nom. correct. McAlester, 1969 pro Malletidae Bellardi, 1875. 

Genus Malletia Moulins, 1832. 

Subgenus Malletia s.s. 

Malletia chilensis Moulins, 1832. 

Malletia chilensis Moulins, 1832: 85, pl. 1, f. 1-8; Solenella norrissii 

Sowerby, 1832: 197; Ctenoconcha nuculoides Valenciennes in Petit- 

Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 2; Solenella subequalis Sowerby, 1870: 250, pl. 

21, f. 5; Malletia inequalis Dall, 1908c: 219, 383. 


30S-54S: 42 5 100-400 m. +1° +20°C Recent. 

Malletia faba Dall, 1897. 

Malletia faba Dall, 1897a: 10, pl. 2, f. 10. 

23N-53N: 38N 900-1600 m. +2° +10°C Recent. 

Malletia goniura Dall, 1890. 

Malletia goniura Dall, 1890a: 251, pl. 10, f. 10. 

1N-7N: 4N 1350-3050 m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Malletia magellanica E. A. Smith, 1881. 

Malletia magellanica E. A. Smith, 1881: 39, pl. 5, f. 3, a; M. hyadesi 

Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 114, pl. 7, f. 8. 


50S depth unknown Recent. 

Malletia patagonica Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889. 

Malletia patagonica Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 

1889: 114, pl. 8, f. 1. 

53 5-555: 545 400-600 m. 0° +5°C Recent. 

Malletia peruviana Dall, 1908. 

Malletia peruviana Dall, 1908c: 219, 384, pl. 10, f. 3, 4. 

6S 1900 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Malletia talama Dall, 1916. 

Malletia talama Dall, 1916a: 13 nom. nud.; 191611: 400 (Minormalletia). 

44N-55N: 55N 1000-3250 m. + 2°C Recent. 

Malletia truncata Dall, 1908. 

Malletia truncata Dall, 1908c: 219, 384, pl. 17, f. a. 

3N-55N: 29N 2700-3900 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Subgenus Malletiella Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Malletia cumingii (Hanley, 1860). 

Solenella cumingii Hanley, 1860b: 441. 

545 25-210 m. 


Malletia pacifica Dall, 1897. 

Malletia pacifica Dall, 1897a: 11, pl. 2, f. 11. 

34N-56N: 45N 400-2900 m. +1° +9°C Recent. 

Malletia sorror Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Malletia sorror Soot-Ryen, 1957a: 2; 1959: 18, pl. 1, f. 4, 5. (redescription) 

385 1240 m. +2°C Recent. 

Subgenus Minormalletia Dall, 1908. 

+2° +8°C Recent.

Malletia arciformis Dall, 1908. 

Malletia (Minormalletia) arciformis Dall, 1908c: 219, 385, pl. 15, f. 5, 

6. 

17N 900 m. +4° +8°C Recent. 

Malletia benthima Dall, 1908. 

Malletia (Minormalletia) benthima Dall, 1908c: 219, 386, pl. 15, f. 1, 2. 

17N 900 m. +4° +8°C Recent. 

Malletia kolthoffi (Hâgg, 1904). 5 

Portlandia kolthoffi Hâgg, 1904: 12, pl. 1, f. 1-3; M fiora Dall, 1916a: 13 

nom. nud.; 191613: 400. 

North Atlantic and Arctic 

6N-72N: 39N 2200-3600 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Family Tindariidae Scarlato & Starobogatov in Nevesskaya et al., 1971. 

Genus Saturnia Seguenza, 1877. 

Subgenus Saturnia s.s. 

Saturnia brunnea (Dall, 1916). 

Tindaria brunnea Dall, 1916a: nom. mal. ; 19161); 401. 

45N-55N: 50N 2500-3700m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Saturnia californica (Dall, 1916). 6 

Tindaria californica Dali, 1916a: 13 nom. nud.; 1916b: 100. 

34N 50 m. +8° +26°C Recent. 

Saturnia cervola (Dall, 1916). 

Tindaria cervola Dall, 1916a: nom. nud.; 1916b: 402. 

33N-48N: 41N 2000-2550 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Saturnia kennerlyi (Dall, 1897). 

Malletia (Tindaria) kennerlyi Dall, 1897a: 11, pl. 2, f. 9. 

33N-57N: 45N 700-1500 m. -1° +4°C Recent. 

Saturnia lucasana (Strong & Hertlein, 1937). 

Nuculana lucasana Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 160, pl. 34, f. 9, 12, 13. 

23N 37-400 m. +10° +28°C Recent. 

Saturnia lobula (Dall, 1908). 

Leda (Jupiteria) lobula Dall, 1908c: 219, 375. 

17N 260m. +10° +26°C Recent. 

Saturnia martiana (Dall, 1916). 

Tindaria martiana Dall, 19I6a: 13 nom. nud.; 1916b: 401. 

34N 2013 m. +2°C Recent. 

Saturnia ritteri (Dall, 1916). 

Titzdaria ritteri Dall, 1916a: nom. nud. ; 1916b: 401. 

33N 536m. +4° +10°C Recent. 

Genus Tindaria Bellardi, 1875. 

Sensu loto. 

Tindaria atossa Dall, 1908. 

Tindaria atossa Dall, 1908e: 220, 388, pl. 15, f. 3, 4. 

7N 2350 m. +1°C Recent. 

Tindaria compressa Dall, 1908. 

Tindaria compressa Dall, 1908c: 219, 387, pl. 15, f. 7, 8, pl. 17, f. 15, 

16. 

6N-44N: 25N 2500-4080m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Tindaria dicofania Dall, 1916. 

Tindaria dicofania Dall, 1916a: 13 nom. n'id.; 1916b: 401. 

33N-48N: 40N 1600-2500 m. + I° +3°C Recent. 

Tindaria mexicana Dall, 1908. 

Tindaria mexicana Dall, 1908c: 220, 389, pl. 17, f. 11, 14. 

17N-33N: 25N 1200-2000 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Tindaria panamensis Dall, 1908. 

Tindaria panamensis Dall, 1908c: 219, 388, pl. 17, fi 10, 12. 

7N-48N: 28N 2350-2850m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Tindaria smirna Dall, 1908. 

Tindaria smirtza Dall, 1908c: 220, 389, pl. 17, f. 6, 7. 

6N 3060 m. +2°C Recent. 

Tindaria sulcata (Gould, 1852). 

Nucula sulcata Gould, 1852: 434 (Couthouy MS); Leda lugubris A. 

Adams, 1856: 49; L. orangica Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & 

Mabille, 1899: 113, pl. 8, f. 3. 


54S-56S: 55S 35-185 m. +1° +8°C Recent. 

Tindaria virens (Dall, 1890). 

Malletia (Tindaria) virens Dall, 1890a: 254, pl. 13, f. 3; Yoldia (Yoldiella) 

infrequens Dall, 1908e: 219, 381. 

49S-52S: 51S 220-650m. +2° +1I°C Recent. 

Family Nuculanidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

Genus Adrana H. Adams & H. Adams, 1858. 

Adrana crenifera (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula cretzifera Sowerby, 1833:197; Laeda arcuta Sowerby in Reeve, 

1871: 18 Laeda pl. 4, sp. 20. 

14S-17N: 2N 2-50m. +13° +31°C Recent. 

Adrana cultrata Keen, 1958. 

Adrana cultrata Keen, 1958: 240, 211; Nucula elongata Sowerby, 1833: 

197 not Bose, 1801 not Defrance, 1825. 

1S-17N: 8N 20-30m. +10° +31°C Recent. 

Adrana exoptata (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Leda (Adrana) exoptata Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 107. pl. 17, f. 8, 9. 

1N-28N: 14N 5-55 m. +13° +30°C Recent. 

Adrana penascoensis (Lowe, 1935). 

Leda penascoensis Lowe, 1935: 18, pl. 1, f. 8; part. Y oldia electra 

not A. Adams, 1846 (Atlantic). 

28N-31N: 30N 10-20 m. +23° 31°C Recent. 

Adrana sowerbyana (Orbigny, 1845). 

Leda sowerbyana Orbigny, 1845; 544; Nucula lanceolata midi. not 

Lamarck, 1819. 

1S-7N: 3N 15-40m. +13° +29°C Recent. 

Adrana suprema (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935). 

Nuculana (Adrana) suprema Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935; 117, pl. 6, f. I. 

7N-22N: I5N 15-20 m. +13° +29°C Recent. 

Adrana taylori (Hanley, 1860). 

Leda taylori Hanley, 1860a: 370. 

14N Depth unknown Recent. 

Adrana tonosiana (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935). 

Nuculana (Adrana) tonosiana Pilsbry & Olsson 1935: 117, pl. 6, f. 4. 

8N-23N: I6N 25-40 m. +16° +31°C Recent. 

Genus Ledella Verrill & Bush, 1897. 

Ledella fiascona (Dall, 1916). 

Leda fiascona Dall, 1916a: ii nom. !nid.; 1916b: 397. 

33N 1504 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Genus Nuculana Link, 1807. 

Subgenus Nuculana s.s. 

Nuculana amblia (Dall, 1905). 

Leda amblia Dall, 1905b: 123. 

19N-37N: 28N 450-1050 m. +2° +9°C Recent. 

Nuculana amiata (Dall, 1916). 

Leda amiata Dall 1916a: 10 nonz. tzud.; 1916b: 395. 

33N-49N: 41N 200-900m. +2° +14°C Recent. 

Nuculana buccata (Moller, 1842). 

Leda buccata Moller, 1842: 17 (Steenstrup MS) L jacksoni Gould, 1870: 

163 f. 469. 

Arctic, Circumboreal 

66N-72N: 69N 10-300 m. -2° +4°C Pleistocene. 

Nuculana concepfionis (Dall, 1896). 

Leda conceptionis Dall, I896b: 2. 

34N-57N: 46N 300-950 m. 0° +9°C Recent. 

11

Nuculana gomphoidea (Da11, 1916). 

Leda gomphoidea Da11, 1916a: 11 nom. nud.; 19166: 396. 

44N-45N. 1438-2300 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Nuculana lomaensis (Da11, 1919). 

Leda lomaensis Da11, 1919c: 249; part. Arca minuta auctt. not_Fabricius, 

1776. 

33N-48N: 40N 400-700 m. 0° +25°C Recent. 

Nuculana minuta (Fabricius, 1776). 

Area minuta Müller, 1776: 414 not Brocchi, 1814 not Reeve, 1884. 

Panarctic and North Atlantic 


Nuculana pernula (Müller, 1779). 

Arca pernula Müller, 1779: 57 (pennula nom. null. auctt.); Leda rostrata 

Schumacher, 1817: 173, pl. 19, f. 4 not Wood, 1825; Nucula obsoleta 

Brown, 1827: 72, pl. 25, f. 17;N. oblonga Brown, 1845: 84, pl. 33, f. 17; 

Leda pernuloides Dunker, 1882: 238; L. pernula costigera Leche, 1883: 

447, pl. 33, f. 23-25 (Beck MS); L. pernula lamellosa Leche, 1883: 448, 

pl. 33, f. 26. 

Panarctic and circumboreal 

52N-71N: 62N 20-1400 m. -I° +7°C Pliocene. 

Nuculana peruviana (Dall, 1908.) 7 

Leda peruviana Dall, 1908c: 219, 377 not Dall, 1898. 

6S 1830 m. +5° +8°C Recent. 

Nuculana radiata (Krause, 1885). 

Leda pernula radiata Krause, 1885: 23, pl. 3, f. 2a-c. 

Panarctic and Japan. 

63N-7IN: 67N 40-60 m. +2° +4°C Pleistocene. 

Nuculana tenuisukata (Couthouy, 1838). 

Nucula tenuisulcata Couthouy, 1838: 64, pl. 3, f. 8. 

North Atlantic 

57N 45 m. —1° +11°C Recent. 

Subgenus Costelloleda Hertlein & Strong, 1940. 

Nuculana costellata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula costellata Sowerby, 1833: 198 (rostellata nom. null. auctt.). 

4N-27N: 16N 18-45 m. +11° +30°C Recent. 

Nuculana marella Hertlein, Hanna & Strong, 1940. 

Nuculana (Costelloleda) marella Hertlein, Hanna & Strong, in Hertlein 

& Strong, 1940: 399, pl. 2, f. 12,13; part. Leda cestrota auctt. not Dall, 

1889 (Atlantic). 

8N-29N: 19N 65-75 m. +13° +31°C Recent. 

Subgenus Jupiteria Bellardi, 1875. • 

Nuculana agapea (Dall, 1908). 

Leda (Jupiteria) agapea Dall, 1908c: 373, pl. 6, f. 4, 5. 

1N-6N: 3N 2870-3050 m. +r +3°C Recent. 

Nuculana phenaxia (Dall, 1916). 

Leda phenaxia Dall, 1916a: 11 nom. mid.; 19166: 397. 

33N 1500 m. +2°C Recent. 

Nuculana pontonia (Dall, 1890). 

Leda pontonia Dall, 1890a: 257, pl. 13, f. 56. 

Galapagos Islands 

0-33N: I6N 1450-3050 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Subgenus Politoleda Hertlein & Strong, 1940. 

Nuculana polita (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula polita Sowerby, 1833: 198. 


9N-14N: 13N 10-75 m. +12° +30°C Recent. 

Subgenus Saccella Woodring, 1925. 

12 

Nuculana acrita (Dall, 1908). 

Leda (Jupiteria) acrita Dall, 1908c: 374; Leda laeviradius Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932: 106, pl. 17, f. 7. 

1N-31N: 16N 40-70 m. +13° +31°C Recent. 

Nuculana bicostata (Sowerby, 1871). 

Laeda bicostata Sowerby in Reeve, 1871: 18, Laeda, pl. 6, sp. 37; 

Nuculana (Sacella) dranga Olsson, 1961: 63, pl. 2, f. 5. 

1N-9N: 5N 5-25 m. +12° +29°C Recent. 

Nuculana callimene (Dall, 1908). 

Leda (Jupiteria) callimene Dall, 1908e: 342, pl. 17, f. 3, 4. 

ION-37N: 23N 180-500 m. +11° +27°C Pliocene. 

Nuculana cellulita (Dall, 1896). 

Leda cellulita Dall, 18966: 1; Nuculana kamtschatica Slodkevich, 1938: 

85, pl. 7, f. 23a. 

48N-56N: 52N 30-40 m. —1° +14°C Pliocene. 

Nuculana cuneata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula cuneata Sowerby, 1833: 198 not J. Phillips, 1836; ? Leda 

inornata A. Adams, 1856: 48. 

20S 20 m. + le +26°C Recent. 

Nuculana eburnea (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula eburnea Sowerby, 1833: 198; N. lyrata Hinds, 1843c: 100. 

4S-13N: 8N 10-120 ni. +9° +29°C Pleistocene. 

Nuculana elenensis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Nucula elenensis Sowerby, 1833:198; Leda excavata Hinds, I 843e: 100 

not Munster in Goldfuss, 1837; L. crispa Hinds, I 843e: 100; L. elenensis 

gibbosa Hanley in Sowerby, 1866: 121 not Nucula gibbosa Fleming, 

1828, not Sowerby, 1833 not McChesney, 1860; L. elenensis media 

Hanley in Sowerby, 1866: 121; L. elenensis pyriformis Hanley in Sowerby, 

1866: 121; L. acapulcensis Pilsbry &Lowe, 1932: 107, pl. 17,f. I , 2. 


6S-29N: 17N 4-85 m. +12° +20°C Pleistocene. 

Nuculana fastigata Keen, 1958. 

Nuculana (Sacella) fastigata Keen, 1958: 240, pl. 31, f. I, 2. Nucula 

gibbosa Sowerby, 1833: 198 not Fleming, 1828. 

4S-28N: 16N 5-85 m. +7° +3I°C Recent. 

Nuculana fossa (Baird, 1863). 

Leda fossa Baird, 18636: 71; L. fossa curtulosa Dall, 191 6a:11 nom. 

mid.; 1916b: 396; L. fossa sculpta Dall, 1916a: I nom. nud.; 19 I 66: 396; 

L. fossa vaginata Dall, 1916a: 11 nom. nud.; 19166: 396. 


Nuculana hindsii (Hanley, 1860). 

Leda hindsii Hanley, 18606: 440; part. Leda acuta aucn . not Conrad, 


8N-28N: 18N 90-140 m. +9° +30°C Pliocene. 

Nuculana impar (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Leda impar Pisbry & Lowe, 1932:106, pl. 17, f. 3-6. 

11N-31N: 21N 4-40m. +10° +31°C Recent. 

Nuculana liogona (Dall, 1916). 

Leda liogona Dall, I916a: 10 nom. and.; 19166: 396. 

45N-55N: 50N 1400-2600 m. + I° +3°C Recent. 

Nuculana ornata (Orbigny, 1845). 

Leda ornata Orbigny, 1845: 546, pl. 82, f. 4-6. L. acuminata Nelson, 

1870: 205 pl. 7+ 8 not Orbigny 1850 (Buch MS); L. peruviana Dall, 

1988: 579 not Dall, 1908. 

1S-6S: 4 5 80-240 m. + I I° +29°C Pliocene. 

Nuculana oxia (Dall, 1916). 

Leda oxia Dall, I 916a: 10 nom. nud.; 19166: 395. 

23N-34N: 29N 60-140 m. +8° +30°C Recent. 

Nuculana penderi (Dall & Bartsch, 1910). 

Leda penderi Dali & Bartsch, 1910: 9, pl. I, f. 3,4. part. Nucula acuta 

alien. not Conrad, 1832 (Atlantic); Nuculana burchi Willett, 19446: 71, 

Pi. 14, f. 3; N. redondoensis Burch, 1944: 9. 

28N-57N: 43N 22-2200 m. +I° +9°C Pleistocene.

Nuculana taphria (Da11, 1896). 

Leda taphria Da11, 1896c: 70; Nucula caelata Hinds, 1843c: 99 not 

Conrad, 1833. 

28N-37N: 33N 10-85 m. +C +29°C Miocene. 

Subgenus Thestyleda Iredale, 1929. 

Nuculana cordyla (DaII, 1908). 

Leda cordyla DaII, 1908e: 219, 375, pl. 6, f. 6, 7. 

1S-7N: 3N 700-1300 m. +5° +28°C Recent. 

Nuculana extenuata (Da11, 1897). 

Leda extenuata Da11, 1897a: 8, pl. 2, f. 2. 

49N-54N: 52N 2000-2900 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Nuculana hamata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Leda hamata Carpenter, I864c: 612, 644; L. hamata limata DaII, 1916a: 

10 limn. nod.; 1916b: 397. 


Nuculana leonina (DaII, 1896). 

Leda leonina Da11, 1896b: 2 

38N-54N: 46N 350-800 m. —1° +13°C Recent. 

Nuculana loshka (Da11, 1908). 

Leda loshka DaII, 1908e: 219, 376, pl. 17, f. 2. 

7N 2320 m. +r +3°C Recent. 

Nuculana navisa (Da11, 1916). 

Leda navisa DaII, 1916a: 10 nom. nid.; 1916b: 395. 

38N 350 m. +7° +9°C Recent. 

Nuculana patagonica (Orbigny, 1846). 

Leda patagonica Orbigny, 1846: 544, pl. 82, f. 13; Nucula lanceolata 

Orbigny, 1842: 162 not Sowerby, 1817, not Lamarck, 1819. 

515-54S: 525 20-80 m. +2° +8°C 

Recent. 

Nuculana rhytida (Da11, 1908). 8 

Leda (Leda) rhytida Da 11, 1908e: 219, 376. 

51S 223 m. +7° +9°C Recent. 

Nuczdana spargana (Da11, 1916). 

Leda spargana DaII, 1916a: 11 nom. nud.; 1916b: 397; L. austini Oldroyd, 

1935: 13, f. 2. 

33N-59N: 46N 125-585 m. 0° +10°C Recent. 

Family. Spinulidae Allen & Sanders 1982. 

nom. transi. hercia, ex Spinulinae 

Genus Spirit'la Da11, 1908. 

Subgenus Spinula s.s. 

Spinula cakar (Da11, 1908). 

Leda (Spinula) calcar Da11, 1908e: 219, 378, pl. 10, f. 1, 10; L. (Spinula) 

calcarella Da11, 1908e: 219, 378. 

Northwest Pacific 

32S-55N: 12N 4000-5500 m. +1°C Recent. 

Subgenus Bathyspinula Filatova, 1958. 

Spinula bogorovi Filatova, 1958. 

Spinula (Bathyspinula) bogorovi Filatova, 1958: 216, f. 5. 

27N(131W) 3528-6600 m. +2°C Recent. 

Spinula oceanica Filatova, 1958. 

Spinula (Bathyspinula) oceanica Filatova, 1958: 213, f. 3, 4. 

50N(159E) 4640-5582 m. +1°C Recent. 

Sabath: vityazi Filatova, 1964. 

Spinala vilyazi Filatova, 1960: 138 nom. n id.; Filatova, 1964: 1866, f. 4 (Bathyspinula). 

50N(159E) 7220-7230 m. +1°C Recent. 

Family Yoldiidae Habe, 1977. 

nom. transl., herein, ex Yoldiinae. 

Genus Katadesmia Da11, 1908. 

Katadesmia gibbsii (DaII, 1897). 

Malletia gibbsii Da11, 1897a: 10, pl. 2, f. 14. 

32N-53N: 43N 1600-2000 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Katadesmia vincula DaII, 1908. 

Yoldia (Katadesmia) vincula Da11, 1908e: 219, 379, pl. 5, f. 5. 

6N 589-3050 m. +2° +21°C Recent. 

Genus Portlandia Morch, 1857. 

Subgenus Portlandia s.s. 

Portlandia arctica (Gray, 1824). 

Nucula arctica Gray, 1824: 241 not Broderip & Sowerby, 1829; N. 

glacialis Wood, 1828: 45 not Gray, 1825 (Leach MS); N. siliqua Reeve in 

Belcher, 1855: 396, pl. 33, f. 4; Yoldia arctica inflata Leche, 1883: 445, 

pl. 33, f. 20-22; Y. oleacina Dall, I916a: 12 nom. nud.; 1916b: 398; 

(oleagina nom. null .); Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni Dall, I919b: 19A, pl. 

2, f. 3, 4. 

Arctic 


Portlandia dalli Krause, 1885. 

Portlandia dalli Krause, 1885: 27, pl. 3, f. la—c. 

54N-6IN: 58N 100-500 m. -1° +6°C Recent. 

Genus Yoldia Moller, 1842. 

Subgenus Yoldia s.s. 

Yoldia amygdalea (Valenciennes, 1846). 

Nucula amygdalea Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 26, f. 6. 

(amygdala nom. nul. auctt.); Yoldia norvegica Dautzenberg & Fischer, 

1912: 403; Y. gardneri Oldroyd, 1935: 14; Y. hyperborea limatuloides 

Ockelmann, 1954: II. 

North Atlantic 

40N-63N: 52N 15-200 m. —1° +12°C Recent. 

Yoldia hyperborea Torell, 1859. 

Yoldia hyperborea Torell, 1859:142, pl. 2, f. 6a, b (Lovén MS); Nucula 

glacialis Wood, 1828: 45, pl. 2, f. 6 not Gray, 1825 (Leach MS); Y oldia 

arctica Moller, 1842:18. 

Panarctic 


Yoldia myalis (Couthouy, 1838). 

%cola malls Couthouy, 1838: 62; N. cascoensis Mighels & C. B. 

Adams, 1841: 48; Yoldia vancouverensis E. A. Smith, 1880: 289. 

Arctic, North Atlantic 

55N-71N: 63N 20-80 m. 0° +7°C 

Subgenus Aeqviyoldia Soot-Ryen, 1951. 

Pleistocene. 

Yoldia eightsii (Couthouy, 1839). 

Nucula eightsii Couthouy in Jay, 1839: 113, pl. I, f. 12, 13; Yoldia 

woodwardi Hanley in Sowerby, 1860: 140, f. 17, 22. 


545 20-80 m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Subgenus Cnesterium Dall, 1898. 

Yoldia scissurata Dall, 1897. 

Yoldia scissurata Dall, 1897a: 8; Nucula arctica Broderip & Sowerby, 

1829: 359 not Gray, 1825; Yoldia ensifera Dall, 1897a: 9, pl. 2, f. 4; Y. 

ensifera plena Dall, 1908c: 256; Y. (Cnesterium) strigata Dall, 1909a: 

18, 104, pl. 14, f. 9, a; Y. kulunnmensis Slodkevich, 1938: 22, pl. 1, f. 

1-4; Y. kuluntunensis sachalinensis Slodkevich, 1938: 28, pl, 7, f. I. 

Northwest Pacific, Arctic 

34N-71N: 53N 15-150 m. —2° +26°C Miocene. 

Yoldia seminuda Dall, 1871. 

Yoldia seminuda Dall, 1871: 153. 


Subgenus Kalayoldia Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Yoldia cooperii Gabb, 1865. 

Yoldia cooperii Gabb, 1865: 189; Nucula impressa Conrad in Dana, 

1849a: 726, pl. 18, f. 7 not Sowerby, 1842 not Hall in Fremont, 1845; 

13

Yoldia tenuissima Clark, 1918: 125, pl. II, f. 10, pl. 12, f. 8, 14. 

28N-40N: 34N 5-40 m. +2° +29°C Miocene. 

Subgenus Megayoldia Verni! & Bush, 1897. 

Yoldia beringiana Dall, 1916. 

Yoldia beringiana Dall, I916a: 11 nom. tiud.; I916b: 399. 

37N-60N: 49N 600-1950 m. - I° +5°C Pliocene. 

Yoldia martyria Dall, 1897. 9 

Yoldia martyria Dall, 1897a: 9, pl. 2, f. 15. 

45N-60N: 53N 150-200m. -1° +8°C Recent. 

Yoldia montereyensis Dall, 1893. 

Yoldia montereyensis Dall, 1893: 29. 

37N-49N: 43N 270-2150 m. + I° +14°C Recent. 

Yoldia thraciaeformis (Storer, 1838). 

Nucula thraciaeformis Storer, 1838: 222 (thraciaformis nom, van. aucit.); 

Yoldia multidentata Khomenko, 1937: 127, pl. 3, f. 3; Y. secunda 

Dall, 19I6a: 11 nom. nud.; 1916b: 398. 

Circumboreal 

46N-70N: 58N 25-600 m. -1° + I4 °C Miocene. 

Subgenus Orthoyoldia Verrill & Bush, 1897. 

Yoldia panamensis Dall, 1908. 

Yoldia (Orthoyoldia) panamensis Dall, 1908c: 219, 380; Y. (Orthoyoldia) 

quiba Olsson, 1942: 26, pl. 3, f. 5. 

7N 300-1000 m. +5° +21°C Pleistocene. 

Genus Yoldiella Verrill & Bush, 1897. 

Subgenus Yoldiella as. 

Yoldiella capsa (Dall, 1916). 

Yoldia capsa Dall, 1916a: 12 nom. nud.; I916b: 400. 

44N-49N: 47N 800-1800 m. +2° +5°C Recent. 

Yoldiella cecinella (Dall, 1916). 

Yoldia cecinella Dall, I916a: nom. nud. ; 19166:399. 

24N 50 m. +26° +32°C Recent. 

Yoldiella chilenica (Dall, 1908). 

Yoldia(Yoldiella)chilenicaDall, 1908e: 219, 380; Y.(Yoldiella)indolens 

Dall, 1908e: 219, 381 (Yoldie nom. null.). 

485-52S: 50S 350-850 m. +1° +10°C Recent. 

Yoldiella derjugini (Gorbunov, 1946). 

Tindaria derjugini Gorbunov, 1946: 319, pl. 2, f. la, b, pl. 3, f. 3, not 

Yoldiella derjugini Scarlato, 1981: 206, f 106-109 (Bartsch MS). 

Northwest Pacific, Arctic 

58N 525-770m. -1° +4°C Recent. 

Yoldiella dicella (Dall, 1908). 

Yoldia (Yoldiella) dicella Dall, 1908e: 219, 382. 

17N-45N: 31N 1000-1200m. +1° +3°C Recent. 

Yoldiella granula (Dall, 1908). 

Yoldia (Yoldiella) granula Dall, 1908e: 219, 382 (granulata nom, van. 

auctt.). 

53S 112m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Yokliella intermedia (M. Sans, 1865). 

Yoldia intermedia M. Sars, 1859: 57 nom. nud.; 1865: 38, f. 92-96; 

Yoldiella intermedia major Leche, 1878: 24, pl. 1, f. 5. 

Panarctic. 

64N-71N: 68N 120-450 m. -2° +2°C Recent. 

Yoldiella lenticula (Moller, 1842). 

Nucula lenticula M011er, 1842: 90, Yoldia abyssicola Torell, 1859: 149, 

pl. 1, f. 4a, b; Yoldiella lenticula amblia Verrill & Bush, 1898: 866, pl. 

80, f. 9, pl. 81, f. 4; Portlandia persei Messjatsev, 1931: 44. 

14 

Panarctic, North Atlantic 


Yoldiella leonilda (Dall, 1908). 

Yoldia (Yoldiella) leonilda Dall, 1908e: 219, 382. 

7N 3060m. +1°C 

Yoldiella mantana (Dall, 1908). 

Yoldia (Yoldiella) mantana Dall, 1908e: 219, 381. 

I S 733 m. +5° +8°C Recent. 

Yoldiella orcia (Dall, 1916). 

Yoldia orcia Dall, 1916a: 12 nom. nud.; 1916b: 399; part. Y. cecinella 

alien. not Dall, 1916. 

33N-54N: 44N 400-1500 m. - I° +10°C Recent. 

Yoldiella prolata (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Leda prolata E. A. Smith, 1885:320. 

30N(155W) 5398 m. +1°C Recent. 

Yoldiella sanesia (Dall, 1916). 

Yoldia sanesia Dall, 1916a: 12, nom. nud.; 1916b: 399. 

34N-61N: 47N 200-800m. -1° +7°C Recent. 

Subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944. 

nom. transi. Newell, 1965 ex Pteriomorphia. 

Order ARCOIDA Stoliczka, 1871. 

nom. correct. Newell, 1965 ex Arcacea. 

Superfamily ARCACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transi. Gill, 1871 ex arcacees. 

Family Arcidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Broderip, 1839 pro arcacees. 

Subfamily Arcinae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom, trans!, et correct. Stoliczka, 1871 ex arcacees. 

Genus Arca Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Arca s.s. 

Area fernandezensis Hertlein & Strong, 1943. 

Arca (Arca) fernandezensis Hertlein & Strong, 1943:154; A. angulata 

King & Broderip, 1832: 336 not Bruguiére, 1792 not Meuschen, 1787. 

33S 146 m. +9° +13°C Recent. 

Arca mutabilis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca mutabilis Sowerby, 1833: 17; Arca crossei Dunker, in Pfeiffer 

1870: 136, pl. 45, f. 8-11. 

Clipperton, Galapagos Islands 

2S-25N: 12N Int-I00 m. +12° +32°C Pleistocene. 

Arca pacifica (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca pacifica Sowerby, 1833: 17; part. Arca ventricosa audit. not 

Lamarck, 1819 (Indo-Pacific). 

5S-28N: I6N Int-I50 m. +12° +31°C Pliocene. 

Arca truncata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca truncata Sowerby, 1833: 19. 


IN Int-50 m. +12° +30°C Recent. 

Genus Barbatia Gray, 1842. 

Subgenus Barbatia sa. 

Barbatia lurida (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca lurida Sowerby, 1833:19: B. vespertilio Carpenter, 1857a: 

249, 310 nom. nud.; I857b: 140. 

45-30N: 13N Int-30 m. +12° +34°C Pleistocene. 

Barbatia solidula Dunker, 1868.' 

Barbai la solidula Dunker, in Pfeiffer, 1868: 114, pl. 38, f. 10-13. Extralimital. 

Subgenus Acar Gray, 1857. 

Recent. 

Barbatia bailyi (Bartsch, 1931). 

Acar bailyi Bartsch, 1931b, 2, pl. 1; part. Arca gradata audit. not 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1829; part. A. pernoides audit. not Carpenter, 

1856. 

26N-34N: 30N Int-5 m. +13° +30°C Recent.

Barbatia divaricata (Sowerby, 1833)." 

Byssoarca divaricata Sowerby, 1833: 18; Acar hawaiensis DaII, Bartsch 

& Rehder, 1938: 14, pl. 1, f. 5-8; A. laysana BartsDall, ch & Rehder, 

1938: 16, pl. I, f. 13-16. 

Clipperton Island, Indo-Pacific. 

lON 15 m. +12° +28°C Recent. 

Barbatia gradata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Arca gradata Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 365; part. A. plicata auctt. not 

Chemnitz, 1795; part. A. reticulata alien. not Gmelin, 1791;part. Byssoarca 

divaricata auctt. not Sowerby, 1833; Area panamensis Bartsch, 1931b: 

3, pl. 1. 

Galapagos Islands. 

5S-28N: 14N Int-40 m. +11° +32°C Pliocene. 

Barbatia pusilla (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca pusilla Sowerby, 1833: 18 not Arca pusilla Nyst, 1835; part. 

A. gradata auctt. not Broderip & Sowerby, 1829. 

20S-23S: 225 Int-5 m. +16° +29°C Recent. 

Barbatia rostae Berry, 1954. 

Barbatia (Acar) rostae Berry, 1954: 67; Arca (Byssoarca) pholadiformis 

C. B. Adams, 1852: 484, 545 not Orbigny, 1844. 

2S-28N: 13N Int-5 m. 

Subgenus Calloarca Gray, 1857. 


BarbatM alternata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca alternata Sowerby, 1833: 17. 


1S-27N: 13N 5-30 m. +12° +30°C Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Cucullaearca Conrad, 1865. 

Barbatia magellanica (Gmelin, 1791). 

Arca magellanica Gmelin, 1791: 3311; A. (Barbatia) platei Stempell, 

1899: 220, pl. 12, f. 10-12. 

33S-53S: 43S Int-10 m. +2° +24°C Recent. 

BarbatM reeveana (Orbigny, 1846). 

Arca reeveana Orbigny, 1846: 636 not Nyst, 1848; part. A. helblingii 

auctt. not Bruguiére, 1792; part. A. complanata auctt. not Chemnitz, 

1794; part. A. nivea auctt. not Chemnitz, 1794; part. A. velata auctt. not 

Troschel, 1852; part. A. decussata auctt. not Wimmer, 1879; Barbatia 

nova Mabille, 1895: 71; Calloarca reeveana velataformis Sheldon & 

Maury in Maury, 1922: 177, pl. 2, f. 15; C. reeveam lasperlensis 

Sheldon & Maury in Maury, 1922: 177, pl. 2, f. 17; Barbatia (Cucullaearca) 

bramkampi Durham, 1950: 55 pl. 1, f. 5, 7, 9. 

Clipperton, Galapagos Islands. 


Genus Fugleria Reinhart, 1937. 

Fugleria illota (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca illota Sowerby, 1833:18; Arca (Byssoarca) tabogensis C. B. 

Adams, 1852: 486, 545. 



Genus Litharca Gray, 1842. 

Litharca lithodomus (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca lithodomus Sowerby, 1833: 16 , 

5S-10N: 3N Int-5 m. +12° +31°C Recent. 

Subfamily Anadarinae Reinhart, 1935. 

Genus Anadara Gray, 1847. 

Subgenus Anadara s.s. 

+14° +32°C Recent. 

Anadara adamsi Olsson, 1961. 

Anadara (Diluvarca) adamsi Olsson, 1961: 90, pl. 6, f. 7a, b. 

9N Intertidal +25° +30°C Recent. 

Anadara concinna (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca concinna Sowerby, 1833: 20 not preoc. Cucullaea concinna Phillips, 

1829; Arca cumingiana Nyst, 1848: 22. 

0-29N: 14N 5-100 m. +13° +30°C Pliocene. 

Anadara mazatlanica (Hertlein & Strong, 1943). 

Arac (Anadara) mazatlanica Hertlein & Strong, 1943:156. pl. 1, f. 1, 4. 

4S-27N: 12N 30— 110 m. +15° +31°C Recent. 

Anadara obesa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca obesa Sowerby, 1833, 21. 


Anadara shnilis (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Arca similis C. B. Adams, 1852: C485, 545. 

3S-12N: 5N 15-50 m. +13° +30°C Recent. 

Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca tuberculosa Sowerby, 1833:19;A. secticostata Reeve, 1844: 2 Arca 

PI. 6, sp. 38; A. valdiviana Philippi, 1887: 187, pl. 2, f. 1, a. 

3S-27N: I2N Int-5 m. +19° +32°C Pliocene. 

Subgenus Cunearca Dall, 1898. 

Anadara aequatorialis (Orbigny, 1846). 

Arca aequatorialis Orbigny, 1846: 636; A. ovata Reeve, 1844: 2 Arca pl. 

8, sp. 49 not Gmelin, 1791; A. subelongata Nyst, 1848: 70. 


IS-23N: 11N 10-75 m. +12° +25°C Pliocene. 

Andara bifrons (Carpenter, 1857). 

Arca beans Carpenter, 1857a: 249, 310, nonz. nud., 1857b: 134; A. 

inaequivalvis Sowerby, 1832: pl. 8, f. 3 not Bruguiere, 1790; A. cardiiformis 

Sowerby, 1833: 22 not Basterot, 1825; A. brasiliana auctt. not 

Lamarck, 1859; A. (Scapharca) corculum Morch, 1861: 205. 

5S-28N: 12N 5-20 m. +13° +30°C Recent. 

Anadara esmeralda (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941). 

Arca (Cunearca) esmeralda Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 53, pl. 13, f. 4, 5. 


Anadara nux (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca mix Sowerby, 1833: 19; A. zorritensis Spieker, 1922: 

96, pl. 5, f. 4, 5; A. patheonensis Spieker, 1922: 99, pl. 5, f. 8, 9. 


3S-27N: 12N Intertidal-75 m +12° +30°C Pliocene. 

Anadara perlabiata (Grant & Gale, 1931). 

A. (Arca) perlabiata Grant & Gale, 1931: 141; Arca labiata Sowerby, 

1833: 21 not Solander, 1786; 

3S-25N: 11N Intertidal-100 m71-12° +29°C Pleistocene. 

Anadara reinharti (Lowe, 1935). 

Arca (Anadara) reinharti Lowe, 1935: 16, pl. 1, f. 3a—c. 

Cocos Island. 

2S-29N: 14N Intertidal-95 m. +13° +30°C Recent. 

Subgenus Grandiarca Olsson, 1961. 

Anadara grandis (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Arca grandis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 365;A. quadrilatera Sowerby, 

1833: 22; A. larkinii Nelson, 1870: 204, pl. 7, f. 5-7. 

3S-25N: 11N Intertidal-5 m. +19° +32°C Miocene. 

Subgenus Larkinia Reinhart, 1935. 

Anadara multicostata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca multicostata Sowerby, 1833: 21; A. brandtii Philippi, 1845: 29; A. 

camuloensis Osmont, 1904: 98, pl. 10, f. 6, a; pl. 11, f. 6b, c. 


0-34N: 17N 50-130 m. +8° +30°C Pliocene. 

Anadara transversa (Say, 1822). 12 

Arca transversa Say, 1822: 269. 

North Atlantic. 

38N. Intertidal Recent. 

15

Subgenus Rasia Gray, 1857. 

Anadara auricula nom. nov." 

Arca auriculata Sowerby, 1833: 20 not Lamarck, 1819; part. A. aviculaeformis 

auctt. not Nyst, 1848. 

IS: 2S 15-30m. -1-16° +29°C Recent. 

Anadara emarginata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca emarginata Sowerby, 1833: 20. 

5S-25N: ION 5-25 m. 

Anadara formosa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca formosa Sowerby, 1833: 20; A. aviculoides Reeve, 1844: 2 Arca pl. 

10, sp. 60 not deKoninck, 1842; A. aviculaefortnis Nyst, 1848: 12. 


Subgenus Scapharca Gray, 1847. 

Anadara biangulata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca biangulata Sowerby, 1833: 21;A. sowerbyi Orbigny, 1846: 637;A. 

gordita Lowe, 1935: 16, pl. I, f. 1. 


1S-29N: I4N 5-80 m. +12° +30°C Recent. 

Anadara cepoides (Reeve, 1844). 

Arca cepoides Reeve, 1844: 2 Arca pl. 10, sp. 66. 

7N-30N: 19N 75-90 m. +22° +29°C Recent. 

Anadara hyphalopilema Campbell, 1962. 

Anadara (Scapharca) hyphalopilema Campbell, 1962: 152, pl. 37, f. 

1-8. 

28N 90 m. +13° +26°C Recent. 

Anadara labiosa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca labiosa Sowerby, 1833: 21. 

4S-27N: 12N 25-40 m. +16° +28°C Recent. 

Genus Bathyarca Kobelt, 1891. 14 

Bathyarca corpulenta (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Arca (Barbatia) corpulenta E. A. Smith, 1885: 263, pl. 17, f. 5a, b; A. 

(Barbatia) imitata E. A. Smith, 1885: 321. 

Indo-Pacific. 

33S-23N: 55 2030-2516 m. +r +3°C Recent. 

Bathyarca endemica (Dall, 1908). 

Arca (Cucullaria) endemica Dall, 1908c: 399, pl. 17, f. 8. 

8S 3814 m. +1°C Recent. 

Bathyarca nucleator Dall, 1908. 

Arca (Bathyarca) nucleator Dall, 1908c: 397, pl. 18, f. 9; A. (Bathyarca) 

corpulenta pompholyx Dall, 1908c: 220, 398. 

Mid Paci fic. 

23N-49N: 36N 2030-3480 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Bathyarca pteroessa (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Arca pteroessa E. A. Smith, 1885: 262, pl. 17, f. 41, b. 

Atlantic? 

36N (178E) 3751 m. +2°C Recent. 

Genus Lunarca Gray, 1857. 

Lunarca brevifrons (Sowerby, 1833). 

Area brevifrons Sowerby, 1833: 22;A. (Argina) vespertina MOrch, 1861: 

204; Argina brevifrons bucaruana Sheldon & Maury in Maury, 1922: 

200, pl. 2, f. 16, pl. 3, f. 10; Arca melanoderma Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 

105, pl. 14, f. 11-13. 

5S-25N: ION 20-50 m. +12° +31°C Pliocene. 

Subfamily Striarcinae MacNeil, 1938. 

Genus Arcopsis Koenen, 1885. 

Subgenus Arcopsis as. 

Arcopsis solida (Sowerby, 1833). 

Byssoarca souda Sowerby, 1833:18; part. Arca fusca auctt. not Bruguiére, 

1792; Barbatia digueti Mabille, 1895: 72. 

16 

+17° +30°C Pleistocene. 


9S-29N: ION Intertidal +20° +34°C Pliocene. 

Family Noetiidae Stewart, 1930. 

nom. transi. Newell, 1969 ex Noetiinae. 

Subfamily Noetiinae Stewart, 1930. 

Genus Noetia Gray, 1857. 

Subgenus Noetia as. 

Noetia magna MacNeil, 1938. 

Noetia magna MacNeil, 1938: 38, pl. 6, f. 20, 21. 

2S-I2N: 5N 5-20 m. +13° +30°C Pliocene. 

Noetia reversa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Arca reversa Sowerby, 1833: 20 (Gray MS); A. hemicardium Philippi, 

1843: 43, pl. 1, f. 1 (Koch MS); Noetia triangulons Gray, 1857: 372. 



Subgenus Eontia MacNeil, 1938. 

Noetia olssoni Sheldon & Maury in Maury, 1922. 

Noetia olssoni Sheldon & Maury in Maury, 1922: 10, pl. 1, f. 9. 

5S-23N: 9N 20-30 m. +13° +30°C Recent. 

Subgenus Barbatiella Lamy, 1917. 

Noetia delgada (Lowe, 1935). 

Arca delgada Lowe, 1935: 16, pl. I, f. 2. 

8N-28N: 18N 35-550 m. +12° +31°C Recent. 

Family Philobryidae Bernard, 1897. 

nom. transi. Suter, 1913 ex Philobryinae. 

Genus Philobrya Carpenter, 1872. 

Subgenus Philobrya sa. 

Philobrya antarctica (Philippi, 1868). 

Modiola antarctica Philippi, 1868: 224; Avicu/a (Me leagrina) mage llani 

ca Stempell, 1899: 230, f. 13-15; A. (Stempellia) aequivalvis Odhner, 

1922:221, pl. 8, f. 3, 4. 

33S-54S: 44S 10-50 m. +10 +18°C Recent. 

Philobrya brattstroemi Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Philobrya brattstroemi Soot-Ryen, I957a: 2, 1959: 22 (redescription) 

41S-42S 5-10 m. +6° +16°C Recent. 

Philobrya setosa (Carpenter, 1864). 

Bryophila setosa Carpenter, 1864b: 314. 

25N-60N: 43N Intertidal-40 m. 0° +26°C Pleistocene. 

Superfamily LIMOPSACEA Dall, 1895. 

Family Limopsidae Dall, 1895. 

Genus Empleconia Dall, 1908. 

Empleconia vaginata (Dall, 1891). 

Litnopsis vaginata Dall, 1891: 190; L. skenia Dall, 1916a: 14 nom. nud; 

19I6b: 402 (skenea nom. null. auctt.) 

54N-57N: 56N 400-650 m. 0° +6° ni. Recent. 

Genus Limopsis Sassi, 1827. 

Subgenus Limopsis s.s. 

Limopsis akutanica Dall, 1916. 

Limopsis akutanica Dail, 1916a:I4 nom. nud.; I 9 I 61): 403. 

52N-54N: 53N 130-275 m. - I°+7°C Recent. 

Limopsis dalli Lamy, 1912. 

Limopsis dalli, Lamy, 1912b: 137; L. compressus Dall, I 896a: 16 not G. 

Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874; part. Lima elliptica alien. not Jeffreys, 1879 

(Atlantic); part. L. pelagica E. A. Smith, 1885. 

6N-52N: 29N 3060-3900 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Limopsis diazi Dall, 1908. 

Limopsis diazi Dall, 1908e: 397, pl. 18, f. 7. 

17N 1208 m. +2° +4°C Recent.

Limopsis diegensis Da11, 1908. 

Linzopsis diegensis DaII, 1908c:220, 395, pl. 15, f. 13, 15. 

28N-33N: 31N 120-1500 m. +3° +27°C Recent. 

Limopsis hirtella Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889. 

Linzopsis hirtella Mabille &Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 

115. 

Atlantic. 

54S-56S: 55S 80-300 m. + I° +8°C Recent. 

Limopsis juarezi Dall, 1908. 

Linzopsis juarezi Dall, 1908e: 220, 396, pl. I8,f. 8. 

6N 3060 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Limopsis mabilleana Dall, 1908. 

Limopsis mabilleana Dall, 1908e: 220, 395. 

53S 675 m. +1° +5°C Recent. 

Limopsis panamensis Dall, 1902. 

Limopsis panamensis Dall, I902a: 559. 

7N 1867 m. +2° +4°C Recent. 

Limopsis perieri P. Fischer, 1869. 

Linzopsis perieri P. Fischer in Folin, 1869: 235 pl. 31, f. 2. 

Atlantic. 

55S 300m. +1° +7°C Recent. 

Limopsis stitnpsoni Dall, 1908. 

Limopsis stitnpsoni Dall, 1908c:220, 396. 

7N 1870-2320 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Limopsis zones Dall, 1908. 

Limopsis zones Dall, 1908e: 220, 393, pl. 7, f. 6, 19. 

7N 950-1430 m. +2° +8°C Recent. 

Subgenus Felicia Rochebrune & Mabille, 1882. 

Litnopsis marionensis E. A. Smith, 1885. 

Linzopsis marionensis E. A. Smith, 1885: 254, pl. 18, f. 2, 6; part. L. 

tenella midi. not Jeffreys, 1876; L. straminea E. A. Smith, 1885:255, pl. 

18, f. 5, a; Felicia jousseaumi Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebnine & 

Mabille: 116, pl. 7, f. 9a, b; Limopsis grandis E. A. Smith, 1907: 5, pl. 

3,f. 7a, b; L. hardingii Melville & Standen, 1914: 128 pl. 7, f. 2, 3. 

Panantarctic, South Atlantic. 

4IS-565: 49S 485-520 m. +2° +3°C Recent. 

Limopsis ruizana Rehder, 1971. 

Limopsis (Felicia) ruizana Rehder, 1971: 585, f. I. 

33S 200 m. +9° +21°C Recent. 

Genus Lissarca Smith, 1877. 

Lissarca miliaris (Philippi, 1845). 

Pecninculus miliaris Philippi, 1845: 56; Lissarca media Thiele, 1912: 253, pl. 18, f. 

5; L. bennetti Preston, 1916: 271, pl. 13, f. 7, a. 

Extralimital? Subantarctic 

Superfamily GLYCYMERIDACEA Newton, 1916. 

nom. transl, et correct, herein, ex Glycymeridae. 

Family Glycymerididae Newton, 1916. 

nom. transi. Stenzel, Krause & Twinning, 1957 pro Glycymeridae. 

Subfamily Glycymeridinae Newton, 1916. 

nom, trans!, et correct. Newell, 1969 ex Glycymeridae. 

Genus Glycymeris Costa, 1778. 

Subgenus Glycymeris s.s. 

Glycymeris gigantea (Reeve, 1843). 

Pectunculus gigatztea Reeve, 1843: 1 Pectunculus pl. I, sp. 3a, b. 


Glycymeris lintea Olsson, 1961. 

Glycymeris (Glycymeris) lintea Olsson, 1961: 106, pl II, f. 4, a. 



Glycymeris maculata (Broderip, 1832). 

Pectunculus maculata Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832; 126; part. 

P. gigantea auctt. not Reeve, 1843. 


Glycymeris ovata (Broderip, 1832). 

Pectunculus ovatus Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 126; P. 

intermedius, Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 126. 

5S-I2S: 9S Intertidal-20 m. +15° +30°C Pliocene. 

Subgenus Axinactis Morch, 1861. 

Glycymeris delessertii (Reeve, 1843). 

Pectunculus delessertii Reeve, 1843: / Pectunculus pl. 9, sp. 52. 

2N-23N: 12N 10-40 m. +13 ° +30°C Pleistocene. 

Glycymeris inaequalis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Pectunculus inaequalis Sowerby, 1833: 196; P. assimilis Sowerby, 1833: 

196. 

65-27N: ION Intertidal-25 in. +14° +30°C Pliocene. 

Subgenus Axinola Hertlein & Grant, 1972. 

Glycymeris corteziatta Dall, 1916. 

Glycynzeris corteziana Dall, 191 6a: 13 nom. n id.; 1916b: 402; part. 

Axinea profunda auctt. not Dall, 1878; G. nzigueliana Dall, I916a: 13 

nom. nud.; I916b: 402; G. vancouverensis Clark & Arnold, 1923; 137, 

pl. 27, f. 2a, b, 5; G. keenae Willett, 1944a: 114, pl. 12, f. 4-7. 

32N-55N: 43N 20-250 m. -1° +9°C Recent. 

Glycymeris guadalupensis Strong, 1938. 

Glycynzeris guadalupensis Strong, 1938: 213, pl. 16, f. I, 2. 

23N-27N: 25N 15-30 m. + 11° +29°C Recent. 

Glycymeris subobsoleta (Carpenter, 1864). 

Axitzea (?septetztrionalis) subobsoleta Carpenter, 1864b: 627,644. 

37N-60N: 48N Intertidal-55 m. +4° +16°C Pliocene. 

Glycymeris profiinda (Dall, 1878). 15 

itrinea profunda Dall, 1878: 11, 13. 

Not Living. 

Subgenus Tucetona Iredale, 1931. 

Glycymeris canoa Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Glycymeris canoa Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 54, pl. 13, f. 2, a. 


Glycymeris multicostata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Pectunculus multicostatus Sowerby, 1833: 195; part. Arca pectinata 

auctt. not Gmelin, 1791; Pectunculus parcipictus Reeve, 1843: / Pectunculus 

pl. 4, sp. 14; P. bicolor Reeve, 1843: 1 Pectunculus pl. 5, sp. 20; P 

nzinor Orbigny, 1846: 628 not Lea, 1833; Glycymeris chemnitzii Dall, 

1909b: 253. 


2S-31N: I5N 40-90m. +12° +31 °C Pliocene. 

Glycymeris strigilata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Pectuncuhts strigilatus Sowerby, 1833: 196; P. tessellatus Sowerby, 

1833: 196; P. pectinoides Deshayes, in Cuvier, 1843: descrip. to pl. 87; 

P. tenuisculptus "Carpenter" auctt. not Carpenter (tennuisculptus nom. 

mill. auctt.). 

2S-28N: 13N 10-110m. +22° +30°C Recent. 

Order MYTILOIDA Férussac, 1822 

nom. correct. Newell, 1965 ex Mytillaces. Emend. Waller, 1978. 

Superfamily MYTILACEA Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. trans!, et correct. Tryon, 1844 ex Mytilidae. 

Family Mytilidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. Newell, 1965 pro Mytilidia. 

Subfamily Mytilinae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. Soot-Ryen, 1969 ex Mytilidia. 

Genus Aulacotnya MOrch, 1853. 

Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782). 

Mytilus ater Molina, 1782:202; M. magellanicus Lamarck, 1819; 119 (ex 

Chemnitz, 1795); M. decussatus Lamarck, 1819: not Montagu, 1808 M. 

crenatus Lamarck, 1819: 120;M. capensis Dunker, 1846: 108; part. M. 

17

darwinianus auctt. not Orbigny, 1846; M. americanus Orbigny, 1846: 

648; M. orbignyanus Hupé in Gay, 1854: 311, pl. 5, f. 5; M. oblongus 

Clessin in Kiister & Kobelt, 1887: 78, pl. 22, f. 1, f; M. magellanicus 

margaritacea Gotschlich, 1913: 220; Aulacomya ater regia Powell, 

1957: 120. 

Atlantic 

12S-54S: 33S Intertidal-40 m. 0° +24°C Recent. 

Genus Brachidontes Swainson, 1840. 

Brachidontes adamsianus (Dunker, 1857). 

Mytilus adamsianus Dunker, 1857: 360; part. M. cubitus auctt. not Say, 

1822; M. stearnsii Pilsbry & Raymond, 1898: 70; part. M. puntarensis 

auctt. not Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 104, pl. 10, f. 6. 


1S-34N: 17N Intertidal. +14° +32°C Recent. 

Brachidontes blakeanus Melvill & Standen, 1914. 

Brachydontes blakeanus Melvill & Standen, 1914: 129, pl. 7, f. 4, a. 

A 54S Intertidal +14° +32°C Recent. 

Brachidontes granulatus (Hanley, 1843). 

Mytilus granulatus Hanley, 1843: 246, pl. 24, f. 3; M. pilosus Reeve, 

1858: 10 Mytilus pl. 8, sp. 35 (Recluz MS). 

9S-43S: 26S Intertidal +9° +29°C Recent. 

Brachidontes playasensis (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935). 

Modiolus (Brachydontes) playasensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935: 17, pl. 1, 

f. 4; Scolimytilus (Scolimytilus) esmeraldensis Olsson, 1961: 119, pl. 13, 

f. la, b. 

2S-1N: 0 Intertidal-2 m. +14° + 32°C Recent. 

Brachiclontes puntarenensis (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Mytilus (Hormomya)puntarenensisPilsbry &Lowe, 1932: 104, pl. 10, f. 

6; Brachidontes multiformis houstonius Bartsch & Rehder, 1939b: 14, pl. 

4, f. 4-7. 


2S-10N: 4N Intertidal +19° +31°C Pliocene. 

Brachidontes purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819). 

Modiola purpurata Lamarck, 1819: 113; Mytilus ovalis Lamarck, 1819: 

121; ?M. exaratus Philippi, 1847: 119; M. exilis Philippi, 1847: 120; M. 

bifurcatus Dautzenberg, 1896: 67 not Conrad, 1837. 


1S-41S: 21S Intertidal +6° +30°C Pleistocene. 

Brachidontes semilaevis (Menke, 1848). 

Modiola semilaevis Menke, 1848:5; Mytilus multiformis Carpenter, 

1857b: 118; Scolimytilus (Scolimytilus) aequatorialis Olsson, 1961: 120, 

pl. 12, f. 9, b. 


Genus Choromytilus Soot-Ryen, 1952. 

Choromytilus chorus (Molina, 1782). 

Mytilus chorus Molina, 1782: 202; M. caerulus Molina, 1782: 202; 

(Mytulus nom. null.); M. latus Lamarck, 1819: 122; M. achatinus 

Lamarck, 1819: 125; M. ungulatus Valenciennes in Humboldt & Bonpland, 

1832: 223, pl. 49, f. la- c not Linné, 1758 not Lamarck, 1819; M. 

compressus Reeve, 1858: 10 Mytilus pl. 12, sp. 5 (Philippi MS). 

6S-55S: 3IS Intertidal-5 m. — I° +30°C Pleistocene. 

Choromytilus palliopunctatus (Carpenter, 1857). 

Mytilus palliopunctatus Carpenter, I857b: 118 "Dunker"; M. tenuiaratus 

Dunker MS. 

9N-25N: 17N Intertidal +17° +32 °C Recent. 

Genus Ischadium Jukes-Browne, 1905. 

Ischadium recurvus (Rafinesque, 1820),I 6 

Mytilus recto-vus Rafinesque, 1820: 320. 

Extralimital. Atlantic 

Genus Mytella Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

18 

Mytella arciformis (Dall, 1909). 

Modiolus arciformis Dall, 1909b: 152, 258, pl. 28, f. 2. 

2S-13N: 6N Intertidal +19° +31°C Recent. 

Mytella guyanensis (Lamarck, 1819). 

Modiola guyanensis Lamarck, 1819: 112; Mytilus bicolor Lamarck, 

1819: 112 (Bruguiére MS); Modiola semifusca Sowerby 1825: f. 16 not 

Lamarck, 1819;M. sinuosa King & Broderip, 1832: 337;M. brasiliensis 

mutabilis Carpenter, 18576: 122; M. subfuscata auctt. not Clessin in 

Küster & Kobelt, 1889 

Atlantic. 

35-31N: 14N Intertidal-2 m. +22° +33°C Recent. 

Mytella speciosa (Reeve, 1857). 

Modiola speciosa Reeve, 1857: 10 Modiola pl. 7 , sp. 35 (Dunker MS);M . 

planata Tomlin, 1928: 192 (Carpenter MS) nom. nud.; Modiolus (Modlotus) 

tumbezensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935: 16, pl. 1, f. 5. 

45-25N: 11N Intertidal. +17° +32°C Recent. 

Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843). 

Modiola strigatus Hanley, 1843:15; Mytilus falcatus Orbigny, 1846: 645, 

pl. 84, f. 38, 39 not Münster in Goldfuss, 1837 not Orbigny, 1844; M . charruana 

Orbigny, 1846: 649, pl. 85, f. 14-16 (not chenuanus nom, 

null. auctt.); M. nitens auctt. not Carpenter, 1855: M. sinuatus Reeve, 

1857: 10 Mytilus p1.5, sp. 16 (Dunker MS). 


0-29N: 15N Intertidal +2° +33°C Recent. 

Genus Mytilus Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Mytilus s.s. 

Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837.' 7 

Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837: 242, pl. 18, f. 15 (californicus nom. 

van. auctt.); M. condoni Dall, 1890b: 89; M. kamtschaticus Slodkevich, 

1935: 203, pl. 27, f. 1, 2; M. highoohiae Mandra, 1949: 104, f. 1. 

19N-60N: 40N Intertidal-50 m. -2° +31°C Pliocene. 

Mytilus chilensis Hupé, 1854. 18 

Mytilus chilensis Hupé in Gay, 1854: 309, pl. 5, f. 4; ?M. fulgidus 

Molina, 1782: 179; part. M. patagonicus mica. not Orbigny, 1846; ?M. 

obesus Reeve, 1858: 10 Mytilus pl. 8, sp. 31. M. fischerianus Tapparone- 

Canefri, 1874: 138, pl. 4, f. 1; (Dunker MS); M. infumatus Mabille & 

Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 118; M. hupeanus Mabille 

& Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 118; M. similis Clessin in 

Küster & Kobelt, 1882: 82, pl. 16, f. 3,4 (Dunker MS) not Giebel, 1848 

not Orbigny, 1849; M. edulis desolationis Lamy, 1936: 112; M. kerguelensis 

Fletcher, 1938: 107. 

Atlantic 

205-54S: 37S Intertidal-120 1° +22°C Pleistocene. 

Mytilus edulis Linné, 1758. 

Mytilus edulis Linné, 1758: 705 (Official List ICZN Opinion 333); M. 

trossulus Gould, 1850: 344; M. glomeratus Gould, 1851: 92; M. pedroanus 

Conrad, 1855b: 15, M. edulis latissimus Carpenter, 1857a: 197; 

M. edulis normalis Carpenter, 1857a: 197; M. septentrionalis Clessin in 

Küster & Kobelt, 1889: 58, pl. 8, f. I; M. edulis diegensh Coe, 1945: 28; 

M. (Mytilus) edulis kussakini Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979: 109. 

Introduced cosmopolitan in temperate & cold seas. 

23N-7IN: 47N Intertidal-5 m. —4° +30°C Miocene. 

Genus Perna Retzius, 1788. 

Perna perna (Linné, 1758). 

Mya perna Linné, 1758: 671; Mytilus auratus Molina, 1782: 179 (Mytulus nom. 

null); M. elongatus Chemnitz, 1785: 16 (nom binam.) not Hlainville, 1824; M. 

achatinus auctt. not Lamarck, 1819. 

Atlantic, Magellanic. 

Recent. Extralimital. Intertidal 

Recent. 

Genus Semimytilus Soot-Ryen, 1955.

Senfimyfilus algosus (Gould, 1850). 

Mytilus algosus Gould, 1850: 344; part. M. angustanus auctt. not 

Lamarck, 1819; M. dactyliformis Hupé in Gay, 1854: 310, pl. 5, f. 6 

(dactyloides nom. null. auctt.); M. cuneiformis Reeve, 1857: 10 Mytilus 

PI. 5, sp. 18 (crucifortnis nom. null. auctt.); Modiolus (Modiolus) nonuranus 

Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935: 16, pl. I, f. 3. 

5S-37S: 21S Intertidal +8° +25°C Recent. 

Genus Septifer Recluz, 1848. 

Subgenus Septifer s.s. 

Septifer bifurcatus (Conrad, 1837). 

Mytilus bifurcatus Conrad, 1837: 241, pl. 18, f. 14 not Dautzenberg, 

1896; S. bifurcatus obsoletus Dall, I916a: 18 nom. n id.; I916b: 404. 

23N-40N: 32N Intertidal-50 m. +5° +32°C Pliocene. 

Septzfer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Septifer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 71, pl. I , f. 1, 2; part. S. cumingii 

auctt. not Recluz, 1849 (South Pacific); Mytilus cumingianus Reeve, 

1858; 10 Mytilus pl. 11, sp. 52 (Recluz MS). 

5S-28N: 17N 

Sensu loto. 

Genus Botula MOrch, 1853. 


Septifer crassus Dunker, 1853. 

Seer crassus Dunker, 1853: 86. nom. Mg. 

Intertidal-90 m. +12° +33°C Recent. 

Subfamily Modiolinae Keen, 1958. 

nom. transi. Bowden 8z Heppell, 1966 ex Modiolini. 

Genus Amygdalum Megerle, 1811. 

Amygdalum americanum Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

Amygdalum americanum Soot-Ryen, 1955: 70, pl. 8, f. 37. 

5S-28N: 12N 4-40 m. +12° +31°C Recent. 

Amygdalum pallidulum (Dall, 1916). 

Modiolus politus pallidulus Dall, 1916a: 18 nom. nud.; 1916b: 404, part. 

Modiola polita auctt. not Verrill & Bush, 1880 (Atlantic). 

28N-37N: 33N 40-150 m. +6° +25°C Recent. 

Botula fusca (Gmelin, 1791). 

Mytilus fuscus Gmelin, 1791: 3359; part. M. cinnamonzeus auctt. not 

Chemnitz, 1785 not Modiolus cinnamomeus Link, 1807 not Modiola 

cinnamonzea Lamarck, 1819; Botula cylista Berry, 1959: 107. 

Atlantic 

1S-23N: 12N Intertidal +17° +31°C Recent. 

Genus Dacrydium Torell, 1859. 

Subgenus Dacrydium s.s. 

Dacrydium albidum Pelseneer, 1903. 

Dacrydium albidum Pelseneer, 1903: 26, f. 100;D. modioliforme Thiele, 

1912: 226, pl. 17, f. 9. 

85 (81W) 

Cosmopolitan in deep water. 

5759-5760 m. +1°C Recent. 

Dacrydium pacificum Dall, 1916. 

Dactydium pacfficum Dall, 1916a: 18 nom. nud.; 1916b: 405; part. 

Mytilus vitrea auctt. not Moller, 1842. 

55N 2564 m. +2°C Recent. 

Dacrydium panamensis Knudsen, 1970. 

Dacrydium panamensis Knudsen, 1970: 91, text-f. 53, 54. 

6N-9N: 8N 3270-3670 m. +1°C Recent. 

Daczydium rostrtferum Bernard, 1978. 

Dacrydium (Dacrydiunz) rostriferum Bernard, 1978: 62, f. 1, 12. 

45N-48N: 47N 2530-2865 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Dacrydium vitreum (M011er, 1842). 

Mytilus vitrea »Mier, 1842: 19 (Holbüll MS); Dacrydium occidentale E. 

A. Smith, 1885: 282, pl. 17, f. la. 

Circumboreal 

53N-71N: 62N 30-455 m. —2° +7°C Recent. 

Subgenus Quendreda Iredale, 1936. 

Dacrydium elegantulum Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

Dacrydium (Quendreda) elegantulum Soot-Ryen, 1955: 87, pl. 8, f. 41. 

28N-34N: 31N 45-201 m. +11 0 +27°C Recent. 

Genus Geukensia Poel, 1959. 

Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817). 

Mytilus demissus Dillwyn, 1817:314 (Solander MS); Modiola plicatula 

Lamarck, 1819: 113; M. semicostata Conrad, 1837: 244. 

Introduced from Atlantic. 

34N. 38N. Intertidal Recent. 

Genus Habepegris Bernard, 1978. 

Habepegris washingtonia Bernard, 1978. 

Habepegris washingtonia Bernard, 1978; 63, f. 3, 13. 

48N 2189 m. +1° +2°C Recent. 

Genus Lioberus Dall, 1898. 19 

Lioberus salvadoricus (Hertlein & Strong, 1946). 

Volsella salvadoriens Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 73, pl. 1, f. 7, 11. 

11N-31N: 21N Intertidal-30 m. +13° +31°C Recent. 

Lioberus splendidus (Dunker, 1857). 20 

Volsella splendida Dunker, 1857: 365. nom. Mg. Califomia? 

Genus Modiolus Lamarck, 1799. 

Subgenus Modio/us s.s. 

Modiolus aurum Osorio, 1979. 

Modiolus aurum Osorio, 1979: 199, f. 119; part. M. plumescens aucct. 

not Dunker, 1868 (Australia). 

345 Intertidal +13° +23°C Recent. 

Modiolus americanus (Leach, 1815). 

Modiola americana Leach in Leach & Nodder, 1815: 32, pl. 72, f. 1; M. 

tulipa Lamarck, 1819: 1 1 1; Modiolus psendotulipus Olsson, 1961: 127, 

pl. 14, f. 2, a. 

5S-25N: ION Intertidal-20 m. +13° +31 °C Recent. 

Modiolus capax (Conrad, 1937). 

Modiola capax Conrad, 1837: 242; Mytilus spatula Menke, 1848: 2; M. 

spletzdens Dunker, 1857: 358; Modiola subffiscata Clessin in Küster & 

Kobelt, 1889: 122 pl. 25, f. 13 (Sowerby MS). 


5S-35N: 15N Intertidal-50 m. +12° +30°C Miocene. 

Modiohts carpenteri Soot-Ryen, 1963. 

Modiolus carpenteri Soot-Ryen, 1963: 127; Modiola fornicata Carpenter, 

1864c: 536, 643, not Romer, 1836; part. Volsella sacculifer auctt. not 

Berry, 1953. 

34N-37N: 36N Intertidal-20 m. +C +28°C Miocene. 

Modiolus eiseni Strong & Hertlein, 1937. 

Modiolus eiseni Strong & Henlein, 1937: 160, pl. 34, f. 11, 14-16. 

IS-28N: 14N Intertidal-360 22° +31°C Recent. 

Modiolus flabellatus (Gould, 1850). 

Mytilus (Modiola) ,flabellatus Gould, 1850: 343; Modiola elongata 

Carpenter, 1857a: 211, 309 nom. nud. (Gould MS); Modiolus directus 

Dall, 1909a: 12, 17, 113, pl. 12, f. 11, 12. 

30N-54N: 47N Intertidal + 2° + 31°C Miocene. 

Modiohts kurilensis nom. nov. 21 

Volsella decilis Kuroda & Habe, 1950: 30 not Modiola difficilis Deshayes, 

1863; part. Mytilus modiolus aucct. not Linné, 1758. 

Northwestern Pacific. 

47N-56N: 52N Intertidal-50 m. —3° +18°C Recent. 

Modiohts modiolus (Linné, 1758). 

Mytilus modiolus Linné, 1758: 706; Modiola gibbsii Leach 01 Leach & 

19

Nodder, 1815: 34; M. papuana Lamarck, 1828: I 11 M. vulgaris Fleming, 

1812: 412; M. grandis Philippi, 1844: 51. 

Circumboreal 


Modiolus neglectus Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

Modiolus neglectus Soot-Ryen, 1955: 64, pl. 7, f. 31, 32; part. Modiola 

recta auctt. not Conrad, 1837; part. Volsella flabellata aucct. not Gould, 

1850. 

23N-37N: 30N 15-110 m. +5° +30°C Recent. 

Modiolus nitens (Gould & Carpenter, 1856). 

Modiola nitens Gould & Carpenter, 1857: 22. 

Extralimital. notn. dub. 

Modiolus patagonicus (Orbigny, 1846). 

Mytilus patagonicus Orbigny, 1846: 646, pl. 85, fi 12, 13; Modiola 

magellanica Reeve, 1857: 10 Modiola pl. 8, sp. 41 (Dunker MS) not 

Phaseolicama magellanica Rousseau in Jacquinot, 1854. 

Atlantic. 

50S-54S: 52S Intertidal. +1 ° +19°C Recent. 

Modiolus rectus (Conrad, 1837). 

Modiola recta Conrad, 1837: 243, pl. 19, f. 1; Modioluspacificus Olsson, 

1961: 126, 127, pl. 14, f. 3, a. 


5S-35N: I5N Intertidal-15 m. +19° +34°C Miocene. 

Modiolus sacculifer (Berry, 1953). 

Volsella sacculifer Berry, 1953: 407, pl. 28, f. I, 2, Text-f.1. 

35-50 m. +8° +26°C Pliocene. 

33N-34N. 

Senus lato. 

Modiolus abyssicola Knudsen, 1970. 

Modiolus abyssicola Knudsen, 1970: 92, pl. 14, f. 6. 

6N. 3270-3670 m. +1 ° +2°C Recent. 

Subfamily Crenellinae Gray, 1840. 

Genus Crenella Brown, 1827. 

Crenella caudiva Olsson, 1961. 

Crenella caudiva Olsson, 1961: 130, pl. 17, f. 2. 

2S. Intertidal. +19° +31°C Recent. 

Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808). 

Mytilus decussatus Montagu, 1808: 69; Crenella yokoyamal Nomura, 

1932: 74; C. decussata laticostata Scarlato, 1960: 65, pl. 1, f. 3. 

Circumboreal 


Crenella divaricata (Orbigny, 1847). 

Nuculocardia divaricata Orbigny in Sagra, 1847: 311, pl. 27, f. 56-59; 

Crenella inflata Carpenter, 1864b: 3 not Mytilus inflatus Müller, 1847; C. 

ecuadoriana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 55 pl. 18, f. 2, 3. 

Cocos Island. 


Crenella leana Dall, 1897. 

Crenella leana Dall, 1897a: 4, pl. 1, f. 6, 7. 

55N-60N: 58N 10-80 m. —1 0 +11°C Pleistocene. 

Crenella seminuda (Dall, 1897). 

Modiolaria seminuda Dall, 1897a: 5, pl. 1, f. 1; Crenella grisea Dall, 

1907: 171. 

Northwest Pacific. 

54N. 10-50 m. +4° +27°C Recent. 

Genus Gregariella Monterosato, 1883. 

Gregariella chenuana (Orbigny, 1846). 

Mytilus chenuanus Orbigny, 1846: 649, pl. 85, f. 14-16; M fontaineanus 

Orbigny, 1846: 710 (plate caption) pl. 85, f. 14-16; Modiolaria denticulata 

Dall, 1871: 154. 

20 

Recent. 


9S—17N: 4N. Intertidal +16° +32°C Recent. 

Gregariella chenui (Recluz, 1842). 

Mytilus chenui Recluz, 1842: 306; part. Modiola opifex auctt. not Say, 


Atlantic. 

13S-37N: 12N 30-100 in. +10° +28°C Recent. 

Gregariella coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791). 

Mytilus coralliophagus Gmelin, 1791: 3359; Crenella coarctata Carpenter, 

1857b: 123 (Dunker MS). 

IS-28N: 14N Intertidal. , +14° +30°C Recent. 

Genus Megacrenella Habe, 1965. 

Megacrenella columbiana (Dall, 1897). 

Crenella columbiana Dall, 1897a: 4, pl. 1, f. 3, 5; C. rotundata Dall, 

1916a: 20 nom. nud.; 1916b: 406; C. tamurai Habe, 1955: 26, pl. 7, f. 1, 

2. 


17N-60N: 39N 20-550 m. +r +31°C Recent. 

Genus Musculista Yamamoto & Habe, 1958. 

Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842). 

Modiola senhousia Benson, 1842:489 (senhousii, senhousei nom. van. 

aucct.); M. bellardina Tapparone-Canefri, 1874: 144, pl. 4, f. 4a, b. 

Introduced from Japan. 

34N. 38N. 48N. Intertidal-20 m. —1 0 +28°C Recent. 

Genus Muscu/us Rficling, 1798. 

Subgenus Muscu/us s.s. 

Musculus cultellus (Deshayes, 1839). 

Modiola cultellus Deshayes, 1839: 359; Modiolaria impressa Dall, 

1907b: 172; Musculus olivaceus Dall, 19I6a: 19 nom. nud; 1916b: 405; 

M. incurvatus Scarlato, 1960: 87, pl. 4, f. 4. 

Panarctic, Atlantic. 

70N-71N. 25-70 m. —2° +10°C Recent. 

Musculus cultellus (Deshayes, 1839). 

Modiola cultellus Deshayes, 1839: 359; Modiolaria impressa Dall, 

1907b: 172; Musculus olivaceus Dall, 1916a: 19 nom. nud; 19166: 405; 

M. incurvatus Scarlato, 1960: 87, pl. 4, f. 4. 

Western Bering Sea. 

57N. 50-200 m. —1° +7°C Recent. 

Musculus discors (Linné, 1767). 

Mytilus discors Linné, 1767: 1159; M. discrepans Montagu, 1803: 169 

not Leach, 1815; Modiola substriata Gray, 1824: 245; M. laevigata Gray, 

1824: 246 not Wood, 1828; Modiolaria laevis Beck in Robert, 1851: pl. 

17 not Modiola laevis Sowerby, 1812; Musculus filatovae Scarlato, 1955: 

189, pl. 50, f. 3. 

Panarctic, circumboreal. 

47N-71N: 59N. 5-150 m. —2° +10°C Pleistocene. 

Musculus niger (Gray, 1824). 

Modiola nigra Gray, 1824: 244; M. discrepans Leach, 1815: 36 not 

Mytilus discrepans Montagu, 1803 not Modiola discrepans Lamarck, 

1819:M. nexa Gould, 1841: 128; Musculus niger obesus Dall, 1916a: 19 

nom. nud; 1916b: 405 not Mytilus obesus Reeve, 1858; M. protractus 

Dall, 1916a: 19 nom. nud.; M. niger protractus Dall, 1916b: 405. 



Musculus pygmaeus Glynn, 1964. 

Musculus pygmaeus Glynn, 1964: 121, f. la, b. 

35N-37N: 36N Intertidal +4° +31°C Recent.

Musculus taylori (DaII, 1897). 

Modiolaria taylori Newcombe 1893:5 nom. nud. (Da11MS); DaII, 1897a: 

5, pl. 1, f. 17-18; Musculus phenax Da11, 19I5d: 138. 

48N-57N: 53N Intertidal. Recent. 

Subgenus Vilasina Scarlato, 1960 (Bartsch MS). 

Musculus vernicosus (Middendorff, 1849). 

Modiolaria vernicosa Middendorff, 1849: 84. 


57N-60N: 59N 10-80 m. —1° +27°C Recent. 

Subfamily Lithophaginae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

Genus Adula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

Adula californiensis (Philippi, 1847). 

Modiola californiensis Philippi, 1847: 113 (Eschscholtz MS); Adula 

stylina Carpenter, 1864c: 599, 627, 644, 669. 

33N-49N: 41N Intertidal. —1° +24°C Recent. 

Adula diegensis (DaII, 1911). 

Modiolus diegensis DaII, 1911: 110. 

23N-43N: 33N. Intertidal +1° +30°C Recent. 

Adula falcata (Gould, 1851). 

Lithodomus falcatus Gould, 1851: 92; L. gruneri Reeve, 1858: 10 Lithodomus 

pl. 3, sp. 12 (Philippi MS). 

28N-43N: 35N Intertidal. —1° +30°C. Recent. 

Adula soleniformis (Orbigny, 1846). 

Mytilus soleniformis Orbigny, 1846: 649, pl. 85, f. 17, 18; Adula soleniformis 

panamensis Olsson, 1961: 132, pl. 16, f. 3, a. 

5S-8N: IN. Intertidal. +14° +31°C Recent. 

Genus Lithophaga Reding, 1798. 

Subgenus Diberus Dall, 1898. 

Lithophaga camera (Hanley, 1843). 

Modiola canalifera Hanley, 1843: 239, pl. 24, f. 22; part. M. appendiculata 

auctt. not Philippi, 1846 (Caribbean). 

1S-9N: 4N Intertidal. +20° +31°C Recent. 

Lithophaga patagonica (Orbigny, 1846). 

Lithodomus patagotzicus Orbigny, 1846: 650, pl. 85, f. 19, 20. 

South Atlantic. 

47S-56S: 52S Intertidal —1°+18°C Recent. 

Lithophaga plumula (Hanley, 1844). 

Lithodomus plumula Hanley, 1844; 17; part. Modiola teres auctt. not 

Philippi, 1846 (IndoPacific); Lithodomus subula Reeve, 1857: 10 Lithodomus 

pl. 4, sp. 26; Lithophaga plumula kelseyi Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 

75, pl. 1, f. 9. 


4S-40N: 18N Intertidal-40 m. 0 +29°C Pliocene. 

Subgenus Labis Dall, 1916. 

Lithophaga peruviana (Orbigny, 1846). 

Lithodomus peruvianus Orbigny, 1846: 651; Modiola attenuata Philippi, 

1847: 148, pl. 1, f. 6 not Deshayes, 1836; Lithodomus cumingianus 

Reeve, 1857: 10 Lithodomus pl. 21, sp. 8a, b (Dunker, MS). 

Cocos Island. 

12S-18S: 15S Intertidal-25 m. +15° +31°C Recent. 

Lithophaga rogersi Berry, 1957. Lithophaga (Labis) attenuata rogersi 

Berry, 1957: 76. 

I7N-33N: 2-15 m. +40 +31°C Recent. 

Subgenus Leiosolenus Carpenter, 1856. 

Lithophaga hancocki Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

Lithophaga (Leiosolenus) hatwocki Soot-Ryen, 1955: 102, pl. 10, f. 60. 


I S-9N: 4N 10-35 m. +12° +29°C Recent. 

Lithophaga spatiosa (Carpenter, 1857). 

Leiosolenus spatiosus Carpenter, 1857b: 130; Lithophagus rugiferus 

Carpenter, 1857b: 125 nom. nud (Dunker MS); Lithophrya abboti Lowe, 

1935; 17, pl. 1, f. 5. 

2S-3IN: 15N Intertida1-27 m. +13° +33°C Recent. 

Subgenus Myoforceps Fischer, 1886. 

Lithophaga aristata (Dillwyn, 1817). 

Mytilus aristatus Dillwyn, 1817: 303 (Solander MS); Modiola caudigera 

Lamarck, 1819: 116; Lithophagus caudatus Gray in King, 1827: 477; L. 

aristatus gracilior Carpenter, 1857b: 129; L. aristatus tumidior Carpenter, 

1857b: 129; Dactylus carpenteri MOrch, 1861: 206; Lithophaga 

incurva Gabb, 1861: 377 p. 147-180. 

Cocos, Galapagos Island 

4S-33N: I5N Intertidal-20 m. +2° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Rudiphaga Olsson, 1961. 

Lithophaga hastasia Olsson, 1961. 

Lithophaga (Rudiphaga) hastasia Olsson, 1961: 139, pl. 

1N-9N: 5N Intertidal +21° +31°C. 

Subgenus Stumpiella Soot-Ryen, 1955. 

Lithophaga calyculata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lit hophagus calyculatus Carpenter, 1857b: 124. 


1S-28N: 14N Intertidal-5 m. +13° +32°C. Recent. 

Order PTERIOIDA Newell, 1965. 

emend. Waller, 1978. 

Suborder PfERIINA Newell, 1965. 


StIperfaMily PTERIACEA Gray, 1847. 

nom. trans!. Dall, 1894 ex Pteriidae. 

Family Pteriidae Gray, 1847. 

nom. correct. Meek, 1864 pro Pteriadae Gray not Pteridae Broderip, 1839 

(ICZN 402). 

Genus Pteria Scopoli, 1777. 

Pteria cumingii (Reeve, 1857). 

Avicula cumingii Reeve, 1857: 10 Avicula pl. 4, sp. 6. 

Extralimital. Indo-Pacific. 

Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851).' 

Avicula sterna Gould, 1851: 93; part. A. heteroptera auctt. not Lamarck, 

1819: part. A. atlantica auctt. not Lamarck, 1819; A. (Meleagrina) 

fimbriata Dunker, 1852: 79 not Reeve, 1857; A. peruviana Reeve, 1857: 

/0 Avicula pl. 14, sp. 53;A. eximia Reeve, 1857: 10 Avicula pl. 16, sp. 62 

not Verneuil in Murchison, 1845; A. libella Reeve, 1857: 10 Avicula pl. 

17, sp. 69; A. vivesi Rochebrune, 1895: 240; Pteria rositae Henlein, 

1928: 150, pl. 25, f. 3; P. beiliana Olsson, 1961: 146, pl. 18, f. 5a-c. 

5S-34N: 13N. 5-35 m. +10° +30°C. ?Miocene. 

Pieria viridizona Dall, 1916. 2' 

Pteria viridizona Dall, 1916a: 15 nom. nud.; I916b: 403 (viridozona nom. null.) 

Extralimital. 

Genus Pinctada Reding, 1798. 

Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856). 

Meleagrina niazatlanica Hanley, 1856b: 388, pl. 24, f. 40; part. Mytilus 

margaritiferus auctt. not Linné, 1758 (Indo-Pacific); part. Avicula 

(Meleagrina)fimbriata auctt. not Dunker, 1852: A. barbata Reeve, 1857: 

10 Avicula pl. 5, sp. 9. 


5S-29N: I2N. 5-30m. +12° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Family Isognomonidae Woodring, 1925. 

Genus Isognomon [Lightfoot, 1786. 1 

Subgenus Isognomon s.s. 

15, f. 5a-f. 

Recent. 

21

lsognomon californium (Conrad, 1837). 

Perna californica Conrad, 1837:245, pl. 19, f. 13; P. hawaiiensis Pease, 1871: 25. 

Extralimital. Hawaii. 

lsognomon costellatum (Conrad, 1837). 

Perna costellata Conrad, 1837: 246. 

Extralimital. Hawaii. 

Isognomon gaudichaudi (Orbigny, 1842). 

Perna gaudichaudi Orbigny, 1842: 131, pl. 15, f. 14-16; part. P. chemnitzianus 

auctt. not Orbigny in Sagra, 1845 (Caribbean); part. P. bicolor 

auctt. not A. Adams, 1845; Melina araucana Philippi, 1887: 208, pl. 45, 

f. 4; M. pusilla Philippi, 1887: 208, pl. 45, f. 5; part. Perna recognita 

auctt. not Mabille, 1895: 72. 

24S-33S: 29S. Intertidal-10 m. +11° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857. • 

Isognomon Janus Carpenter, 1857b: 151; ?Perna anomioides Reeve, 

1858: 11 Perna pl. 3, sp. 11. 

16N-34N: 25N. 1-35 m. +11° +30°C. Pliocene. 

lsognomon quadratus (Anton, 1837). 

Perna quadrata Anton, 1837: 285; part. Ostrea legume,' auctt. not 

Gmelin, 1791 (Indo-Pacific); part. Perna chemnitziana auctt. not Orbigny 

in Sagra, 1845; part. Perna linguaeformis auctt. not Reeve, 1858; 

part. P. quadrangularis Reeve, 1858: 11 Perna pl;. 20, sp. 6; P. recognita 

Mabille, 1895: 72. 

Cocos, Galapagos Islands. 

2S-26N: 12N. Intertidal-5 m. +13° +32°C. Recent. 

Family Vulsellidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

Genus Malleus Lamarck, 1799. 

Subgenus Malvtifundus Gregorio, 1885. 

Malleus regulus (Forskàl, 1775). 

Ostrea regula Forskâl, 1775: 124; Vulsella nuttalli Conrad, 1837: 257, 

pl. 20, f. 10; Avicula candeana Orbigny in Sagra, 1846: 343, pl. 28, f. 

25-27 (Caribbean); Malleus tigrinus Reeve, 1858: 11 Mallets pl. 3, sp. 7; 

M. rufipunctatus Reeve, 1858: 11 Malleus pl. e, sp. 8; M. aquatilis 

Reeve, 1858: 11 Malleus pl. 3, sp. 11; M. vesiculatus Reeve, 1858: 11 

Maliens pl. 3, sp. 12; M. panamensis Morch, 1861: 209; M. obvolutus 

Folin, 1867b: 27, pl. 4, f. 6, 8. 

9N-23N: 16N. 1-50 m. 

Genus Vulsella Rfiding, 1798. 

Vulsella pacifica Dail, 1916. 24 

Vulsella pacifica Dall, 1916b: 403. 

Extralimital? 

Suborder PINNINA Waller, 1978. 

Cosmopolitan in warm water. 

Superfamily Pinnacea Leach, 1819. 

nom. transi. Newell, 1965 ex Pinnidae. 

Family Pinnidea Leach, 1819. 

Genus Atrina Gray, 1842. 

Atrina lister! (Orbigny, 1846). 25 

Pinna listen Orbigny, 1846: 641, pl. 85, f. 

Extralimital. 

+12° +30°C. Recent. 

1. 

Atlantic. 

Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835). 

Pinna maura Sowerby, 1835: 84; part. P. rudis alien. not Linné, 1758 

(Atlantic); P. lanceolata Sowerby, 1835: 84 not Sowerby, 1821; P. 

cumingii Reeve, 1858: 11 Pinna pl. 16, sp. 29 (Hanley MS). 

3S-26N: 11N. 2-10 m. + Ir +30°C. Recent. 

Atrina oldroydii Dall, 1901. 

Atrina oldroydii Dall, 1901b: 143; part. Pinna saccata auctt. not Linne, 

1758 (Indo-Pacific). 

25N-34N: 30N. 5-30 m. +10° +28°C. Recent. 

Atrina texta Hertlein, Hanna, 8e. Strong, 1943. 

Atrina texta Hertlein, Hanna, & Strong in Hertlein & Strong, 1943: 166, 

Pi. 1, f. 9, 10. 

22 


1S-23N: 12N. 5-20 m. +12° +28°C. Recent. 

Atrina tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1835). 

Pinna tuberculosa Sowerby, 1835: 84. 

5S-28N: I2N. 1-10 m. 

Genus Pinna Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Pinna s.s. 

Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835. 

Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835: 84 


Clipperton Island. 

ION-28N: I9N. Intertidal-5 m. +17° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Order LIMOIDA Waller, 1978. 

Superfamily LIMACEA Rafinesque, 1815 

nom. transi. Newell, 1969 ex Limidae 

Family Limidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. Orbigny, 1846 pro Limaridia. 

Genus Acesta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

Subgenus Acesta s.s. 

Acesta diomedae (Dall, 1908). 

Lima (Acesta) diomedae Dall„ 1908c: 407, pl. 7, f. 2. 


IS 704 m. +5° +8°C. Recent. 

Acesta mon i (Hertlein, 1952). 

Lima (Acesta) mon i Henlein, 1952: 379, pl. 20, f. 12, 13. 

37N. 1263-1464 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Acesta patagonica (Dall, 1902). 26 

Lima patagonica Dall, 19026: 16 not Ihering, 1907; part. L. goliath 

auctt. not Sowerby, 1883 (Japan); part. L. eAcavata auctt. not Jeffreys, 

1879 not Fischer, 1807 (Atlantic); L. agassizii Dall, 1902b: 16. 

(9N) 14S-53S: 33 5. 600-2200 m. +1 0 +7°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Plicacesta Vokes, 1963. 

Acesta sphoni (Hertlein, 1963). 

Lima (Plicacesta) sphoni Hertlein, 1963: 3, f. 1-3. 

33N. 457-549 m. +4° +9°C. Recent. 

Genus Lima Bruguiére, 1797. 

Subgenus Lima s.s. 

Lima tetrica Gould, 1851. 

Lima tetrica Gould, 1851: 93; part. L. squamosa malt. not Lamarck, 



2S-30N: 14N. 5-110 m. +8° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Limaria Link, 1807. 

Subgenus Limaria s.s. 

Limaria hemphilli (Hertlein & Strong, 1946). 

Lima (Limaria) hemphilli Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 66, pl. I , f. 3, 4; part. 

L. hians auctt. not Gmelin, 1741; part. L. dehiscens num. flot Conrad, 

1837; part. L. orientalis auctt. not Adams & Reeve, 1850. 

17N-37N: 27N. 15-100 m. +5° +26°C. Recent. 

Genus Limatula Wood, 1839. 

+100 +31°C. Pliocene. 

Limatula attenuata Dall, 1916. 

Limatula attenuata Dall, 1916a:17 nom. nud.; 1916b: 404. 

52N-54N: 53N. 15-25 m. - I° +12°C. ?Pleistocene. 

Limatula pygmaea (Philippi, 1845). 

Lima pygmaea Philippi, 1845b: 56; Limatula falklandica A. Adams, 

1863: 509; Litnea martiali Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune &

Mabille, 1889: 124; Lima (Limatula) hodgsoni E. A. Smith, 1907:6, pl. 

3, f. 8, a, b. 

Antarctic Ocean. 

43S-56S: 50S. 100-300m. +1° +10°C. Recent. 

Limatula saturna Bernard, 1978. 

Limatula saturna Bernard, 1978:71, f. 8, 17. 

45N-49N: 47N. 10-50m. +6° +14°C. Recent. 

Limatula similaris (Dall, 1908). 

Lima (Linzatula) similaris Dall, 1908e: 408. 

9S-28N: ION. 55-110m. +9° +15°C. Recent. 

Limatula subauriculata (Montagu, 1808.) 

Pecten subauriculata Montagu, 1808: 63, pl. 29, f. 2. 

Circumboreal. 

37N-60N: 48N. 50-350m. -2° +11°C. Recent. 

Limatzda vancouverensis Bernard, 1978. 

Limatula vancouverensis Bernard, 1978: 72, f. 9, 18. 

46N-50N: 48N. 2000-2200 m. +1° +2°C. Recent. 

Genus Promantellum Iredale, 1939. 

Promantellum orbignyi Lamy, 1930. 

Lima (Mantellum) orbigezyi Lamy, 1930b: 180; L. angulata Sowerby, 

1843: 86 not Münster, 1841. 


34S-31N: 3N. 5-30 m. +9° +31°C. Recent. 

Promantellum pacifica (Orbigny, 1846). 

Lima pacifica Orbigny, 1846: 654; L. arcuata Sowerby, 1843: 86, pl. 22, 

f. 41, 42; L. galapagensis Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1902: 556, pl. 35, f. 4. 


5S-31N: I3N. Intertidal-2 m. +5° +34°C. Recent. 

Order OSTREOIDA Waller, 1978. 

Suborder OSTREINA Férussac, 1822. 


Superfamily OSTREACEA Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. Waller, 1978 ex Ostreidae. 

Family Ostreidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. Gray, 1833 pro Ostreacia (Off. List, ICZN Op. 356). 

Subfamily Ostreinae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. Vyalov, 1936 ex Ostreidae. 

Genus Agerostrea Vyalov, 1936. 

Agerostrea megodon (Hanley, 1846). 

Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846: 106 (megadon nom. van. aucu.); O. 

gallus Valenciennes, 1846: pl. 21; 0. veatchi Gabb, 1869: 34, pl. 11, f. 

59; 0. cerrosensis Gabb, 1869: 35, pl. 11, f. 61. 

55-28N: 12N. 5-20m. +10° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897. 

Crassostrea callichroa (Hanley, 1846). 

Ostrea callichroa Hanley, 1846a: 107; 0. cibialis Hupé in Gay, 1854: 

281, pl. 5, f. 1; 0. longiscula Hupé in Gay, 1854: 282, pl. 5, f. 3. 

30S-42S: 36S. Intertidal +4° +25°C. Recent. 

Crassostrea columbiensis (Hanley, 1846). 27 

Ostrea colueezbiensis Hanley, 1846: 107; part. O. rosacea auctt. not 

Gmelin, 1791 not Deshayes in Lamarck, 1836; 0. aequatorialis Orbigny, 

1846: 672; 0. ochracea Sowerby in Reeve, 1871: 18 Ostrea pl. 10, sp. 

19; 0. tulipa Sowerby in Reeve, 1871: 18 Ostrea pl. 18, sp. 39. 



Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951). 28 

Ostrea corteziensis Hertlein, 1951: 68, pl. 24, f. 1, 2, pl. 25, pl. 26, f. 7; 

part. O. chilensis auctt. not Philippi, 1844. 

35-31N: 14N. Intertidal. +13° +33°C. Pliocene. 

Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). 29 

Ostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793: 140, pl. 6, f. 1-3 not Meuschen, 1781 (110,11 

binonz.) (ICZN Op. 261); 0. laperousii Schrenck, 1861:411; 0. fallen- 

whanensis Crosse, 1862: 149, pl. 6, f. 6; 0. posjetica Raugh, 1934: 36, 

n1 10 

Introduced to No rthwest Pacific. 

38N.60N. Intertida1-6 m. -4° +24°C. Recent. 

Crassostrea palmula (Carpenter, 1857). 

Ostrea conchaphila palmula Carpenter, 1857b: 163; part. O. folium 

alien. not Linné, 1758 (Indu-Pacifie); 0. panamensis Carpenter, 1864a: 

24 (sp. bed. Adams, 1852); 0. amara Carpenter, 1864a: 24 (sp. ind. 215, 

Carpenter 1857). 


1S-25N: 12N. 1-7 m. +12° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Crassostrea rivularis (Gould, 1861). 

Ostrea rivularis Gould, 1861: 39 (revularis notn. null. unit.) 


Introduced to Washington and British Columbia; not established. 

Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). 

Ostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791: 3336 (virgieziana nom. van. alien.) not O. 

virginica califorwica Marcou, 1858. 

Northwest Atlantic. 

Intertidal 

Introduced to many west coast locations, a small population established in 

British Columbia. 

Genus Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971. 

Hyotissa hyotis (Linné 1758) 

Mytilus hyotis Linné, 1758: 704 

Clipperton, Galapagos Islands 

IS.ION. 2-25 m. +12° +28°C. Recent 

Hyotissa souda (Sowerby, 1871). 

Ostrea souda Sowerby in Reeve, 1871: 18 Ostrea pl. 14, sp. 28; part. O. 

sinensis mica. not Gmelin, 1791 (Indian Ocean); part. O. turbinata auctt. 

flot Lamarck, 1819 29(Indo-Pacific); 0. jacobaea Rochebrune, 1895: 1 

not Linné, 1758; O. fischeri Dall, 1914: 1. 


1S-28N: 14N. Intertidal. +8° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Tiostrea Chantey & Dinamani, 1980. 

Tiostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845. 

Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845: 74, pl. 13, f. 78 not 0. chillyensis 

Terguem & Piette, 1865; part. O. edulis alien. not Linné, 1758 (Atlantic); 

0. chiloensis Reeve, 1871: 18 Ostrea pl. 15, sp. 33. 

30S-42S: 36S. Intertidal. +4° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Ostrea Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Ostrea es. 

Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857. 

Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857b: 161; 0. multistriata alien. not 

Hanley, 1845 not Deshayes, 1830; 0. procella Lamy, 1929: 106 (Valenciennes 

MS). 

8N-31N: 20N. Intertidal-40 m. +15° +34°C. Pliocene. 

Ostrea edulis Linné, 1758. 

Ostrea edulis Linné, 1758: 699. 

Introduced to several west coast Atlantic locations but not established. 

Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864. 

Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864c:599, 606, 615, 645; part. O. edulis auctt. 

not Linné, 1758 (Atlantic); part. O. palmula auctt. not Carpenter, 1857; 

part. 0. conchaphila auctt. not Carpenter, 1857; 0. lurida laticaudata 

Carpenter, 1864e: 527, 615, 646 (Nuttall MS); 0. lurida rufoides Catpenter, 

1864e: 542, 615, 646; 0. lurida expansa Carpenter, 1864e: 615, 646 

not Sowerby, 1819; Monoeciostrae vancouverensis Orton, 1928: 320 

nom. van. 

33N-57N: 45N. Intertidal-50 m. -3° +28°C. Miocene. 

23

Ostrea tubulifera Da11, 1914." 

Ostrea tubulifera DaII, 1914: 3. 

Extralimital? 

Genus Striostrea Vyalov, 1936. 

Striostrea prismatica (Gray, 1825). 

Ostrea prismatica Gray, 1825: 139; part. O. spathulata auctt. not 

Lamarck, 1819; part. O. puelchana auctt. not Orbigny, 1841 (Atlantic); 

O. iridescens Hanley, 1854:pl. 2, f. 6, 7, (Gray MS); O. virginica 

californica Marcou, 1858: 32, p. 15, f. 2a; O. lucasiana Rochebrune , 

1895: 241; 0. turturina Rochebrune, 1895: 242. 


4S-24N: ION. Intertidal. + 1 2 +32°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Lophinae Vyalov, 1936. 

Genus Lopha Rtiding, 1798. 

Subgenus Lopha s.s. 

Lopha angelica (Rochebrune, 1895). 

Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895: 241; part. O. cumingiana auctt. not 

Dunker, 1846 (Indo-Pacific); part. O. veatchi auctt. not Gabb, 1866. 


Lopha folium (Linné, 1758). 31 

Ostrea folium Linné, 1758: 699; Mytilus frons Linné, 1758:704; M. 

cristagalli Linné, 1758: 704; Ostrea serra Dall, 1914: 2 not Lamarck, 

1819; 0. dalli Lamy, 1930a: 252; 0. (Pretostrea) bresia Iredale, 1939: 

396, pl. 7, f. 4. 

Cosmopolitan in warm waters. 

8N. 2-10 m. +25° +31°C. Recent. 

Superfamily Dimyacea Fischer, 1886. 

nom. transi. Waller, 1978 ex Dimyidae. 

Family Dimyidae Fischer, 1886. 

Genus Dimya Rouault, 1850. 

Dimya californica Berry, 1937. 

Dimya californica Berry, 1937: 126, pl. 13. 

29N-34N: 31N. 85-1250 m. +4° +22°C. Recent. 

Dimya coralliotis Berry, 1944. 

Dimya coralliotis Berry, 1944: 25, f. 1-4. 

32N-34N: 33N. 70-185 m. +7° +26°C. Recent. 

Superfamily PLICATULACEA Gray, 1854 

emend. Yonge, 1955, emend. Waller, 1978. 

Family Plicatulidae Gray, 1854. 

nom. transi. Iredale, 1939 ex Plicatulinae. 

Genus Plicatula Lamarck, 1801. 

Subgenus Plicatula s.s. 

Plicatula anomioides Keen, 1958. 

Plicatula anomioides Keen, 1958: 241, pl. 31, f. 4, 7, 8. 

23N-28N: 25N. Intertidal. +18° +33°C. Recent. 

Plicatula inezana Durham, 1950. 

Plicatula inezana Durham, 1950:69, pl. 18, f. 1, 3, 6; part. P. spondylopsis 

auctt. not Rochebrune, 1895. 

17N-26N: 21N. 45-140 m. +13 ° +29°C. Pleistocene. 

Plicatula penicillata Carpenter, 1857. 

Plicatula penicillata Carpenter, 1857b: 155. 


0-2S: IS. Intertidal. +19° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Plicatula spondylopsis Rochebrune, 1895. 

Plicatula spondylopsis Rochebrune, 1895: 242; part. P. gibbosa auctt. 

not Lamarck, 1801 (Caribbean); P. dubia auctt. not Hanley, 1847; P. 

ostreivaga Rochebrune, 1895: 242. 

24 


15-26N: 13N. Intertidal-5 m. +26° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Suborder PECTININA Waller, 1978. 

Superfamily PECTINACEA Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. et correct. Dall, 1896 ex Pectenia. 

Family Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct Orbigny, 1839 pro Pectenidae. emend. Waller, 1978. 

Subfamily Chlamydinae Korobkov, 1957. 

nain. correct Korobkov, 1960 ex Chlamysinae. 

Genus Argopecten Monterosato, 1889. 

Argopecten circularis (Sowerby, 1835). 

Pecten circulons Sowerby, 1835: 110 not Goldfuss, 1836; P. tumidus 

Sowerby, 1835: 109 not Ostrea tumida Turton, 1819 not Pecten tumidus 

Hartmann in Zieten, 1833; P. ventricosus Sowerby, 1842: 51, pl. 12, f. 

18, 19, 26; P. pomatia Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 19, f. 3; 

P. inca Orbigny, 1846: 663; P. solidulus Reeve, 1853: 8 Pecten pl. 32, 

sp. 155; P. ventricosus aequisulcatus Carpenter, 18646, 1898: 536, 540, 

592, 599;P. (Plagioctenium) subventricosusDall, 1898: 707, pl. 29, f. 8; 

P. compactus Dall, 1898: 707, pl. 34, f. 5; P. newsomi Arnold, 1903: 

113, p1.11, f. 1, a; P. filitextus Li, 1930: 255, pl. 2, f. 10. 


5S-30N: 12N. Intertidal-150 m.+ 10° +30°C Pliocene. 

Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819). 

Pecten purpuratus Lamarck, 1819: 166. 

65-30N: 12N. 5-95 ni. +8° +28°C Pliocene. 

Argopecten tehuelchus (Orbigny, 1846). 

Pecten tehuelchus Orbigny, 1846: 662, pl. 85, f. 21-24. 


53S-55S: 54 5 . 5-10m. +1° +9°C. Recent. 

Genus Chlamys Rtiding, 1798. 

Subgenus Chlamys s.s. 

Chlamys albida (Arnold, 1906). 

Pecten (Chlamys) hastatus albidus Arnold, 1906: 136, pl. 52, f. 2, a (Dall 

MS); P. (Chlamys) erythrocomatus Dail, 1907 b: 170; Chlamys (Chlamys) 

wainwrightensis McNeil, 1967: 27, pl. 18, f. 3, pl. 19, f. 8, 9, pl. 23, f. 4, 

5. 


54N-71N: 62N. 100-200 m. —2° + 6°C. Recent. 

Chlamys behringiana (Middendorff, 1849). 

Pecten islandicus behringiana Middfendorff, 1849: 528, pl. 3, f. 1-3 

(beringiana nom. van. audit.); P. hericius strategus Dall, 1898: 709; 

Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana graui MacNeil, 1967: 26; C. (Chlamys) 

beringiana unalaskae MacNeil, 1967: 27, pl. 20, f. 1, 3, 4. 


53N-71N: 62N. 40-150 m. —1° +12°C. Pliocene. 

Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1843). 

Pecten hastatus Sowerby, 1843: 72, pl. 20, f. 236; P. comatus Valenciennes 

in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 18, f. 2 not Münster in Goldfuss, 

1833; P. rastellinum Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 19, f. 4; P. 

hericius Gould, 1850: 345; (hericeus nom. van. audit.); P. altiplicatus 

Conrad, 1857: 191, pl. 3, f. 2; P. islandicus pugetensis Oldroyd, 1920: 

136, pl. 4, f. 5, 6. 

33N-60N: 46N. 2-150 m. 0° +23°C. Miocene. 

Chlamys incantata Hertlein 1972. 

Chlamys incantata Hertlein, I972a: 2, f. 1-5 


1 S 200m. Recent. 

Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776). 32 

Pecten islandicus Milner, 1776:248; P. rubidus Martyn, 1784: pl. 153, f. 

1 (non. binom.) not Hinds, 1845; Ostrea cinnabarina Born, 1780: 103; 

Pecten pealeii Conrad, 18316: 12, pl. 2, f. 2; Chlamys islandica insculpta 

Verrill, 1897: 73, pl. 16, f. 4, 5, a; C. costellata Verrill, 1897: 75; C. 

(Chlamys) pseudislandica MacNeil, 1967: 31, pl. 31, f. 7, pl. 20, f. 8; C. 

(Chlamys) pseudislandica plafkeri MacNeil, 1967: 32, pl. 12, f. I, 2, 6,

7, pl. 13, f. I, 2; C. (Chlatnys) pseudislandica arconis MacNeil, 1967: 

33, pl. 23, f. 7, 8; C. (Chlanzys) islandica thulensis MacNeil, 1967: 34, 

pl. 18, f. 2. 

Panarctic, Circumboreal 


Chlamys jordani Arnold, 1903. 

Pecten (Chlanzys) jordani Arnold, 1903: 111, pl. 12, f. 6, 7; part. P. 

rubidus auctt. not Hinds, 1845. 

48N-52N; 50N. 2-60 m. —1° +20°C. Pliocene. 

Chlamys lowei (Henlein, 1935). 

Pecten (Chlamys) lowei Hertlein, 1935: 308, pl. 19, f. 1, 2, 7, 8. 


1S-33N: I6N. 2-175 m. +10° +29°C. Recent. 

Chlamys rubida (Hinds, 1845). 

Pecten rubidus Hinds, 1845: 61 not Martyn, 1784 (non. binom.); part. P. 

fabricii auctt. not Philippi, 1844; P. hindsii Carpenter, 1864c: 574 606, 

645; P. hericeus navarchus Dall, 1898: 708; P. kincaidi Oldroyd, 1920: 

135, pl. 4, f. 3, 4; P. (Chlamys) islandicus picoenis Waterfall, 1929: 79, 

83, pl. 5, f. 2, 4; Chlanzys durhami Adegoke, 1969: 97, pl. 2, f. 5. 


33N-58N: 46N. 1-200 m. +1 0 +17°C. Miocene. 

Chlamys squarosa (Carpenter, 1865). 

Pecten squarosus Carpenter, 1864c: 536 nom. nud.; Carpenter, 18656: 179 

Extralimital. nom. dub. 

Subgenus Hinnites DeFrance, 1821. 33 

Chlamys gigantea (Gray, 1825). 

Lima gigatztea Gray, 1825: 139 not preoc. Plagiostonza gigantea Sowerby, 

1814; Hitznita poulsoni Conrad, 1834: 182 not Pecten poulsoni 

Morton, 1834; Hinnites crassa Conrad, 1857b: 190, pl. 2, f. I not Pecten 

crassus Risso, 1826; Pecten (Chlamys) multirugosus Gale, 1928: 92; P. 

(Chlanzys) multirugosus crassiplicatus Gale, 1928: 93; Hinnites benedicti 

Adegoke, 1969: 103, pl. 3, f. 3, 5. 

25N-60N: 43N. Intertidal 2-80 ml-4° +29°c. Miocene. 

Subgenus Zygochlamys Ihering, 1907. 

Chlamys darwinii (Reeve, 1853). 

Pecten danvinii Reeve, 1853: 8 Pecten pl. 17, sp. 62. 

53S. depth unknown. Recent. 

Chlamys lishkei (Dunker, 1850). 

Pecten lishkei Dunker, 1850: 32, f. 4; P. australis Philippi, 1845: 56 not 

Sowerby, 1842 (Indo-Pacific); P. rosaceus Stempell, 1899: 228 not 

P.varius rosacea Locard, 1888; P. (Chlamys) anzandi Hertlein, 1935: 

305. 

45S-50S: 47S. 15-50 m. +2° +13°C. Recent. 

Chlamys patagonica (King & Broderip, 1832). 

Pecten patagonicus King and Broderip, 1832; 337; ?P. rufiradiatus 

Reeve, 1853: 8 Pecten pl. 32, sp. 147. 


42S-54S: 48S 15-25 m +10 +16°C. Recent. 

Chlamys patriae Doello-Jurado, 1918. 

Chlanzys patriae Doello-Jurado. 1918: 269; Pecten magellanicus Bose, 

not Ostrea magellanica Gmelin, 1791. 

1801: 261 

35S-53S: 44S. 20-120 m. +r +14°C. Recent. 

Chlamys phalara Roth, 1975. 

Chlanzys phalara Roth, 1975: 81, pl. 6, f. 1-14; part. Pecten (Chlatnys) 

anzandi auctt. not Hertlein, 1935. 

335-45S: 39S. 5-300m. +1° +19°C. Recent. 

Genus Leptopecten Verrill, 1897. 

Subgenus Leptopecten s.s. 

Leptopecten biolleyi (Henlein & Strong, 1946). 

Pecten (Leptopecten)velero biolleyi Henlein & Strong, 1946: 60, pl. 1, f. 

6. 

2S-32N: 17N. 15-220 m. +8° +29°C. Recent. 

Leptopecten camerella (Berry , 1968). 

Aequipecten (Leptopecten) canzerella Berry, 1968: 155. 

24N. 65-73 m. +13° +28°C. Recent. 

Leptopecten euterpes (Berry, 1957). 

Pecten (Leptopecten) eutetpes Berry, 1957: 75. 

17N-28N: 22N. 10-190 m. +10° +29°C. Recent. 

Leptopecten latiauratus (Conrad, 1837). 

Pecten latiauratus Conrad, 1837: 238, pl. 18, f. 9 (latiauritzts nom. van. 

mien.); P. monotimeris Conrad, 1837: 238, pl. 18, f. 10; P. tunica 

Philippi, 1844: 100, pl. I, f. 3; P. latiauritusfiwicolusDall, 1898: 710; P. 

(Chlamys) latiauritus .fragilis Arnold, 1903: 112, pl. 12, f. 8 not P. 

fragilis DeFrance, 1825; P. (Chlamys) latiauritus bellilamellants Arnold, 

1903: 108, pl. 41, f. 6, a; P. (Chlamys) latiauritus cerritensis Arnold, 

1906: 129, pl. 46, f. 6, 7; P. (Chlamys) latiauritus delosi Arnold, 1906: 

130, pl. 46, f. 9, a, 10, a. 

23N-38N: 30N. I-250 m. +4° + 24°C. M iocene. 

Leptopecten palmeri (Dall, 1897). 

Pecten palmeri Dall, 1897c: 85. 

3 1 N . Intertidal-90 m. +22° +33°C. Recent. 

Leptopecten velero (Henlein, 1935). 

Pecten (Leptopecten) velero Henlein, 1935: 316, pl. 19, f. 13, 14. 

4S-29N: I2N. 5-85 m. +13° +3I°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Pacipecten Olsson, 1961. 

Leptopecten tumbezensis (Orbigny, 1846). 

Pecten tumbezensis Orbigny, 1846: 663; P aspersus Sowerby, 1835: 110 

not Lamarck, 1819 (adspersus nom. nul'. alleu.); P. sowerbyi Reeve, 

1852: 8 Pecten pl. 1, sp. 4; P. paucicostatus Carpenter, 1864c: 536, 614, 

645; P. latiauritus splendens Li, 1930: 256, pl. 2, f. 12; P. latimtritus 

indetuus Li, 1930: 256, pl. 2, f. 13. 

5S-31N: I3N. 2-128 m. +9° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Lyropecten Conrad, 1862. 

Subgenus Nodipecten Dall, 1898. 

Lyropecten magnificus (Sowerby, 1835). 

Pecten magnificus Sowerby, 1835: 109 not Michelottis, 1839. 


0-1S. 120-200 m. +10° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Lyropectetz subnodosus (Sowerby, 1835). 

Pecten subnodosus Sowerby, 1835: 109; Lyropecten intermedius Conrad, 

I867a: 7; Pecten (Lyropecten) pittieri Dall, 1912a: 10. 

5S-28N: I2N. Intertidal-110 m+ 10° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Placopecten Verril I , 1897. 

Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791). 

Ostrea magellanica Gmelin, 1791: 3317 not Pecten magellanicus Bose, 1801. 

Extralimital. 

Northwest Atlantic. 

Genus Semipallium Jousseaume, 1928. 

Subgenus Semipalliunz s.s. 

Semipallium natans (Philippi, 1845). 

Pecten natans Philippi, 1845: 57 (nasans nom. null. auctt.); P. vitreus 

King & Broderip, 1832: 337 not Ostrea vitrea Gmelin, 1791; P. corneus 

Sowerby, 1842: 71, pl. 13, f. 44, 45 not Sowerby, 1818; P. jeffreysi 

Gregorio, 1884: 133. 


435-505: 47S. 5-10m. +2° +14°C. Recent. 

Semipallium zeteki (Hertlein, 1935). 14 

Pecten (Chlamys) zeteki Hertlein, 1935: 306, pl. 19, f. 7: P. digitatus Hinds, 1844: 

61, pl. 17, f. 2 not P. digitanun Perry, 1811 (Indian Ocean). 

Extralimital. 

Subfamily Camptonectinae Habe, 1977. 

Genus Cyclopecten Verrill , 1897. 

Sensu lat. 

25

Cyclopecten acutus Grau, 1959. 

Cyclopecten acutus Grau, 1959: 31, pl. 10, f. 2. 

3N-7N: 5N. 55-140 m. +13° +27°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten argenteus Bernard, 1978. 

Cyclopecten argenteus Bernard, 1978: 66, f. 4, 14. 

44N-53N: 49N. 820-1530 m. +1° +8°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten barbarensis Grau, 1959. 

Cyclopecten barbarensis Grau, 1959: 37, pl. 14, f. I, 2. 

33N-34N: 33N. 50-55 m. +4° +17°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten benthalis Grau, 1959. 

Cyclopecten benthalis Grau, 1959: 24, pl. 5. 

33N. 897 m. +6° +8°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten bistriatus (Dall, 1916). 

Pseudamusium bistriatum Dall, 1916a: 16 nom. nad.; 191 6b: 404, not 

Pecten bistriatus Defrance, 1825. 

Northwest Pacifie. 

23N-46N: 35N. 1100-1160 m. +2° +4°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten carlottensis Bernard, 1968. 

Cyclopecten carlottensis Bernard, 1968: 1509, f. 1, 2. 

53N-54N: 54N. 1450-1650 m. + I° +3°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten cocosensis (Dall, 1908). 

Pecten (Cyclopecten) cocosensis Dall, 1908c: 220, 405, pl. 6, f. I, 2. 

Cocos Island. 

6N. 90-120m. +14° +27°C. Redent. 

Cyclopecten exquisitus Grau, 1959. 

Cyclopecten exquisitus Grau, 1959: 34, pl. 12. 


12S-29N: 8N. 20-300 m. +7° +19°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten graui Knudsen, 1970. 

Cyclopecten (H yalopecten) graui Knudsen, 1970: 97, pl. 13, f. I , text-f. 

59, 60. 

6N. 3270-3670 m. +1° +2°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten itninifer (Loven, 1847). 35 

Pecten imbrifer Loves, 1847: 185. 

Arctic, North Atlantic. 

49N. 2030-2189 m. 2°C 

Recent. 

Cyclopecten incongruus (Dall, 1916). 36 

Pseudamusium incongruum Dall, 1916a: 16 nom. nud.; 1916: 403. 

29N. 1252 m. +2°C Recent. 

Cyclopecten knudseni Bernard, 1978. 

Cyclopecten knudseni Bernard, 1978: 68, f. 5, 15. 

44N-50N: 47N. 1700-2870m. +1° +2°C. 

Cyclopecten liriope (Dall, 1908). 

Pecten (Pseudamusium) liriope Dall, 1908e: 220, 407 , 


1N-7N: 4N 1460-2320m. +1° +2°C. 

Recent. 

Recent. 

Cyclopecten pernomus (Hertlein, 1935). 

Pecten (Cyclopecten) pernomus Hertlein, 1935: 320, pl. 18, f. 11-13; P. 

(Cyclopecten) rotundus Dall, 1908e: 404 not Hagenow, 1842. 


2S-29N: 13N. 2-355m. +10° +31°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten polyleptus (Dall, 1908). 

Pecten (Pseudamusiunz) polyleptus Dall, 1908e: 220, 403, pl. 10, f. 9. 


0-52S: 26S. 550-650m. +1° +7°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten squamiformis Bernard, 1978. 

Cyclopecten squamiformis Bernard, 1978: 69, f. 6, 16. 

45N-49N: 47N. 2030-2885 m. +1 ° +3 °C. Recent. 

26 

Cyclopecten subhyalinus (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Pecten subhyalinus E. A. Smith, 1885: 304, pl. 22, f. 2, a. 

5IS 732 m. +1°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791). 37 

Ostrea vitrea Gmelin, 1791: 3328 (ex Pallium vitreum Chemnitz, 1788); 

Chlamys papyracea Reding, 1798: 164; Pseudamussium gelatinosum 

Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1891: 126. 


10S-52S: 21S. 25-425 m. +1° +12°C. Pliocene. 

Cyclopecten zacae (Hertlein, 1935). 

Pecten (Delectopecten) zacae Henlein, 1935: 321; P. panamensis Dall, 

1908c: 404, pl. 6, f. 8, pl. 18, f. 3-6 not Dall, 1898. 


1N-29N: I4N. 10-700 m. +6° +30°C. Recent. 

Cyclopecten zephyrus Grau, 1959. 

Cyclopecten zephyrus Grau, 1959: 25, pl. 7, f. 1-3. 

33N-36N: 34N. 730-1150 m. +2° +10°C. Recent. 

Genus Delectopecten Stewart, 1930. 

Delectopecten randolphi (Dall, 1897). 

Pecten randolphi Dall, 1897c: 86; P. whiteavesi Orcutt, 1915: 183 (Dall 

MS); P. (Pseudamussium) randolphi tillamookensis Arnold, 1906: 139, 

pl. 4, f. 3, a; P. (Pseudamussium) arces Dall, 1913: 592. 


28N-58N: 43N. 50-2000 m. +1° +14°C. Recent. 

Delectopecten vancouverensis (Whiteaves, 1893). 

Pecten (Pseudamussium) vancouverensis Whiteaves, 1893: 133, pl. 1, 

f.1, a; part. P. alaskensis auctt. not Dall, 1871. 

27N-60N: 43N. 25-450 m. 0 + I6°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Hyalopecten Verrill, 1897. 

Hyalopecten neoceanus (Dall, 1908). 

Pecten (Pseudamussium) neoceanus Dall, 1908c: 220, 402, pl. 9, f. 4. 


8S-45N: 19N. 3900-4000 m. + I° +2°C. Recent. 

Genus Pseudamussium Morch, 1853. 

Subgenus Peplum Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889. 

Pseudamussium fasciculatum (Hinds, 1845). 

Pecten fasciculatus Hinds, 1845:61, pl. 12, f. 4; P. (Pallium)miserDall, 

1908c: 220, 401, pl. 8, f. 6; P. panamensis Dall, 1898c: 696, not Dall, 

1908. 

7N-26N: 18N. 30-600 m. +4° +19°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Pectininae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transl. et correct. Habe, 1977 ex Pectenia. 

Genus Pecten Müller, 1776. 

Subgenus Flabellipecten Sacco, 1897. 

Pecten berryi nom. nov." 

Pecten lunaris Berry, 1963: 139 not Affiner, 1839. 


Pecten diegensis Dall, 1898. 

Pecten diegensis Dall, 1898c: 710; part . P. laqueatus auctt. not Sowerby, 

1842 (Japan); P floridus Hinds, 1844: 60, pl. 17, f. 6 not Ostrea florida 

Gmelin, 1791. 


Pecten sericeus Hinds, 1845. 

Pecten sericeus Hinds, 1845: 60, pl. 17, f. 1, a. 


4S-29N: 13N. 10-155 m. +9° +30°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Oppenheimopecten Teppner, 1922. 

Pecten galapagensis Grau, 1959. 

Pecten (Oppenheimopecten) galapagensis Grau, 1959: 152, pl. 56.


O. 18-275 m. +15° +27°C. Recent. 

Pecten hancocki Grau, 1959. 

Pecten (Oppenheimopecten) hancocki Grau, 1959: 154, pl. 57. 

Cocos Island. 

6N. 86 m. +10° +29°C Recent. 

Pecten perulus Olsson, 1961. 

Pecten (Oppenheimopecten) perultis Olsson, 1961: 158, pl. 20, f. 3a-c. 

4S-9N: 3N. 5-10m. +12° +29°C. Recent. 

Pecten vogdesi Arnold, 1906. 

Pecten (Pecten) vogdesi Arnold, 1906: 100, pl. 33, f. la, pl. 34, f. 1; P. 

dentatus Sowerby, 1835: 109 not Sowerby, 1829; part. P. excavants 

auctt. not Valenciennes, 1846 not Anton, 1839; P. (Envola) cataractes 

Dall, 1914: 121. 

IS-28N: 14N. 4-220 m. +17° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Patinopectininae Masuda, 1962. 

Genus Patinopecten Dall, 1898. 

Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850). 

Pecten caurinus Gould, 1850: 345 (Pectin nom. null.); P. oregonensis 

Howe, 1922: 98, pl. 11, f. I, 2. 


Family Propeamussidae Abbott, 1954. 


Subfamily Propeamussinae Abbott, 1954. 

Genus Parvamussium Sacco, 1897. 

Parvantussium alaskensis (Dall, 1871). 

Pecten (Pseudanzussium) alaskensis Dall, 1871: 155, pl. 16, f. 4a, b 

(alaskense nom. van. auctt.); part. P. similis auctt. not Lasky, 1811 

(Atlantic); P. davidsoni Dall, 1897c; 86; P. (Propeanzusium) riversi 

Arnold, 1906: 126, pl. 44, f. 8,9; P. (Propeamusiunz) levis Moody, 1916: 

56, pl. 2, f. 2a-d not P. laevis Pennant, 1777; P. calamitus Hanna, 1924: 

176; P. intucostatus sawanensis Hertlein, 1931: 367; P. shimanensis 

Kuroda in Homma, 1931: 72, f. 92, 93. 


25N-61N: 43N. 15-650 m, 0° +21°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Propeamussium Gregorio, 1884. 

Propeamussium malpelonium (Dall, 1908). 

Amusium (Propeamussium) nzalpelonium Dall, 1908c: 220,405, pl. 6, f. 

9; part. Amussium meridionale auctt. not E. A. Smith, 1885. 

6N-45N: 26N. 3060-3900 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Propeamussium meridionale (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Amussium nzeridionale E. A. Smith, 1885: 316, pl. 24, f. I, 2. 


40S-43S: 4I 5 . 2650-3300 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Family Spondylidae Gray, 1826. 

Genus Spondylus Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Spondylus s.s. 

Spondylus calcifer Carpenter, 1857. 

Spondylus calcifer Carpenter, 1857b: 152; part. Pecten lamarckii auctt. 

not Chenu, 1844 (Indian Ocean); Spondylus radula Reeve, 1856: 9 

Spondylus pl. 14, sp. 52 not Lamarck, 1806; S. limbatus Reeve, 1856: 9 

Spondylus pl. 19, sp. 34 not Sowerby, 1847; part. S. varians auctt. not 

Reeve, 1856 (Indo-Pacific); S. smithi Fulton, 1915: 357. 

5S-31N: I3N. 2-55 m. +13° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847. 

Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847: 87; S. gloriosus Dall, Bartsch & 

Rehder, 1938: 102, pl. 26, f. 8-11; S. mimas Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 

1938: 102, pl. 26, f. 6-7; S. kualensisDall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 103, 

pl. 26, f. 12-13. 


ION. 5 m. +19° -h 29°C. Recent. 

Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833. 

Spondylus princeps, Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1833: 4; part. S. 

americanus auctt. not Hermann, 1781 (Atlantic); part. S. crassisquarna 

auctt. not Lamarck, 1819 (Indian Ocean); S. dubius Broderip, 1833 in 

Broderip & Sowerby; 4; S. leucacantha Broderip, 1833: 5; S. unicolor 

Sowerby, 1847: 86; S. limbatus Sowerby, 1847: 87; D. pictorum Sowerby, 

1848: 422, pl. 86, f. 28 not Chemnitz, 1784. 


Spondylus tenebrosus Reeve, 1856." 

Spondylus tenebrosus Reeve, 1856: 9 Spondylus pl. 9, sp. 33; S. hawaiensis 

Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 100, pl. 25, f. 1-4. 

Clipperton Island, Western Pacific. 

ION. Intertidal. +21 0 +33°C. Recent. 

Spondylus ursipes Berry, 1959. 

Spondylus ursipes Berry, 1959: 107. 

27N-31N: 28N. 10-25 m. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Spondylus victoriae Sowerby, 1859. 4° 

Spondylus victoriae Sowerby, 1859: 428, f. 8. 

26N-30N: 28N. 10-40 m. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Superfamily ANOMIACEA Rafinesque, 1815 . 

nom. transi. et correct. Gill, 1871 ex Anominia. 

Family Anomiidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 pro Anominia. 

Genus Anomia Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Anomia s.s. 

Anomia adamas Gray, 1850. 

Anomia adamas Gray, 1850: 115; A. simplex Mabille, 1895: 73. 

9N-25N: 17N. Intertida1-5 m. +27° +32°C. Recent. 

Monda chinensis Philippi, 1849. 4 ' 

Ationlia chinensis Philippi, 1849: 140; A. cytaeum Gray, 1850: 115; A. lischkei 

Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1907: 210, pl. 5, f. 8-11; A. nipponensis Yokoyama, 1920: 

146, pl. 11, f. 18a, b; A. cuticula Grabau & King, 1928: 166, pl. 2, f. 17. 

Northwest Pacifie. 

Accidently introduced, not established. 

Anomia fidenas Gray, 1850. 

Anomiafidenas Gray, 1850: 116; A. tennis C. B. Adams, 1852: 469,544; 

Placunanomia claviculata Carpenter, 1857b: 166. 


Anomia peruviana Orbigny, 1846. 

Anomia peruviana Orbigny, 1846:673; A. alectus Gray, 1850: 117; A. 

hamillus Gray, 1850: 117; A. lampe Gray, 1850: 117; A. larbas Gray, 

1850; 117 (largua nom. null. auctt.); A. pacilus Gray, 1850: 117; Calyptraea 

aberrans C. B. Adams, 1852; 219; ?Anomia laqueata Reeve, 1859: 

I 1 Anomia pl. 4, sp. 18; A. limatula Dall, 1878: I I, 15. 


5S-37N: I6N. Intertidal-130 m+ 15° +32°C Pliocene. 

Genus Pododesmus Philippi, 1837. 

Subgenus Pododesmus s.s. 

Pododesmus foliatus (Broderip, 1834). 

P lacnnanonzia foliata Broderip, 1834: 2; P. pernoides Carpenter, I 857b: 

165 not Tedinia pernoides Gray, 1853; Pododesmus puntarensis Soot- 

Ryen, 1952: 309, pl. I. 

4S-23N: ION. Intertidal-20 m. +14° +30°C. ?Miocene. 

Subgenus Monia Gray, 1850. 

Pododesmus cepio (Gray, 1850). 42 

Placunanomia cepio Gray, 1850:1; P. n'ope Gray, 850: 122. 

28N-58N: 43N. Intertidal-90 m. +1° +26°C. Miocene. 

27

Pododesmus macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839). 

Atzomia nzacrochisma Deshayes, 1839: 359 (macroschisma nom. van. 

alien.); part. A. patellifortnis aucu. not Linné, 1767 (Atlantic); A. denticostulata 

Yokoyama, I925b: 16; Pododesmus newcombei Clark & 

Arnold, 1923: 141, pl. 21, f. 3-6; P. nzacroschismus ezoanus Kanehara, 

1942: 136, pl. 15, f. I. 


57N-70N: 64N. Intertidal-40 m. —2° +14°C. Miocene. 

Subgenus Tedinia Gray, 1853. 

Pododesmus pernoides (Gray, 1853). 

Tedinia pernoides Gray, 1853: 197 not Placunanomia pernoides Carpenter, 

1857. 

23N-33N: 28N. 2-20 m. -1-18° +30°C. Recent. 

Family Placunidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

entend. Yonge, 1977. 

Genus Placunanomia Broderip, 1832. 

Placunanomia cumingii Broderip, 1832. 

Placunanotnia cumingii Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 29. 

1S-26N: 13N. Intertidal-50 m. +18° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Placunanomia panamensis Olsson, 1942. 

Placunanotnia panamensis Olsson, 1942: 183, pl. 1, f. I, 4, 5. 

9N Intertidal +27° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Subclass Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884. 

nom. trans!. Newell, 1965 ex Heterodonta (unspecified). 

Order Veneroida H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

nom. correct Newell, 1965 pro Veneracea. 

Superfamily Lucinacea Fleming, 1828. 

nom. transi. Anton, 1839 ex Lucinidae. 

Family Lucinidae Fleming, 1828. 

nom. correct. Orbigny, 1837 pro Lucinaclae. 

Subfamily Lucininae Fleming, 1828. 

nom. transi. Chavan, 1969 ex Lucinidae. 

Genus Codakia Scopoli, 1777. 

Codakia distinguenda (Tryon, 1872). 

Lucina (Codakia) distinguenda Tryon, I872b: 130, pl. 6, f. 3; part. 

Venus tigerina auctt. not Linné, 1758 (Caribbean); part. V. orbicularis 

auctt. not Linné, 1758 (Caribbean); Codakia colpoica Dall, 1901e: 801, 

821, pl. 41, f. 4; C. pinchoti Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 103, pl. 14, f. 1, 2. 



Codakia punctata (Linné, 1758). 

Vetzus punctata Linné, 1758: 688; Codakia (Codakia) thaanumi Pilsbry, 

1918: 332, pl. 22, f. 9. 

Clipperton, Galapagos Islands; Indo-Pacific. 


Genus Ctena Morch, 1861. 

Ciena bella (Conrad, 1837). 

Lucina bella Conrad, 1837: 254, pl. 19, f. 11. 

Extralimital, Hawaii. 

Ctena chiquita (Dall, 1901). 

Codakia (Jagonia) chiquita Dall, 1901e: 801, 823, pl. 39, f. I. 

28N-31N: 30N. 10-120 m. +14° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Ctena clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Ctetza clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 118, pl. 1, f. 11, 12, 14. 

I8N depth unknown Recent. 

Ctena clippertonensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Ctena clippertonensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939b: 13, pl. 13, f. 1-5. 

28 


9N—ION. Intertidal-75 m. +18 ° +30°C. Recent. 

Ctena galapagana (Dall, 1901). 

Codakia (Jagonia) galapagana Dall, 1901e: 801, 823, pl. 40, f. 4. 


2S—I3N: 6N. Intertidal-40 m. +19° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Ctena mexicana (Dall, 1901). 

Codakia (Jagonia) mexicana Dall, 1901e: 801, 822, pl. 40, f. 6; part. 

Lucitza bella auctt . not Conrad, 1837; L. fibula Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 

7, sp. 33, 37, 38 not Adams & Reeve, 1848; L. pectinata Carpenter, 

I857b: 98. 


IN-31N: I6N. Intertida1-80 m. +17° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Here Gabb, 1866. 

Subgenus Here s.s. 

Here excavata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lucina excavata Carpenter, 1857b: 98 part. L. richthofeni auctt. not 

Gabb, 1869. 

23N-25N: 24N. 5-110 m. +16° +30°C. Oligocene. 

Here richthofeni Gabb, 1866. 

Lucina (Here) richthofeni Gabb, 1866: 29, pl. 8, f. 49a, b. 


Genus Lucina Bruguiére, 1797. 

Sensu lat. 

Lucina capax Carpenter, 1864. 

Lucina capax Carpenter, I864e: 553 nain. nud. 

Panamie. 

Subgenus Callucina Dall, 1901. 

Lucina lampra (Dall, 1901). 

Phacoides (Cavilucina) lamprus Dall, 1901e: 811, 827, pl. 39, f. 9 

(lampsus nom. null. Dall, 1913); 

16N-31N: 23N. Intertida1-55 m. +22° +33°C. Pleistocene. 

Lucina lingualis Carpenter, 1864. 

Lucina lingualis Carpenter, 18646: 313. 

I7N-25N: 2IN. Intertida1-25 m. +22° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Lucina prolongata Carpenter, 1857. 

Lucina prolongata Carpenter, 1857b: 100. 

17N-28N: 23N. Intertida1-5 in. +22° +32°C Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Epilucina Dall, 1901. 

Lucina californica Conrad, 1837. 

Lucina californica Conrad, 1837: 255, pl. 20, f. I:L. artemidis Carpenter 

in Gould & Carpenter, 1857: 201. 


Subgenus Lucinisca Dall, 1901. 

Lucina centrifuga (Dall, 1901). 

Phacoides (Lucinisca) nuttallii cent rifugus Dall , I 901c: 812, 828, pl . 39, 

f. 1,3; part. Tellina muricata auctt. not Chemnitz, 1795; part. Lucina 

fibula auctt. not Reeve, 1850; part. Phacoides hispaniolana auctt. not 

Maury, 1917; P. (Lucinisca) liana Pilsbry, 193 1b: 435, pl. 41, f. 3. 


4S-29N: 13N. Intertidal-100 m:+16° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Lucina fenestrata Hinds, 1845. 

Lucina fenestrata Hinds, 1845: 66, pl. 19, f. 2; L. ochracea Reeve, 1850: 

6 Lucina pl. 8, sp. 44; L. (Lucinisca) fausta Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 58, 

pl. 17, f. 3, 6. 


Lucina nuttalli Conrad, 1837. 

Lucina nuttalli Conrad, 1837: 255, pl. 20, f. 2. 

22N-37N: 29N. 10-75 m. +13° +29°C. Miocene. 

Subgenus Parvilucina Dall, 1901. 

Recent.

Lucina approximata (DaII, 1901). 43 

Phacoides (Parvilucina) approximatus DaII, 190Ic: 813, 828, pl. 39, f. 

4. 


Lucina mazadanica Carpenter, 1857» 

Lucina tnazatlanica Carpenter, 1857b: 99. 

1S-29N: 14N. Intertidal-40 m. +260 +33°C. Pleistocene. 

Lucina tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864. 

Lucina tetzuisculpta Carpenter, I864c: 602, 611, 642; Phacoides (Parvilucina) 

intensus Da11, 1903c: 1385, pl. 50, f. 8. 


Subgenus Pleurolucina Da11, 1901. 

Lucina cancellaris Philippi, 1846. 

Lucina catzcellaris Philippi, 1846: 21. 


Lucina leucocymoides (Lowe, 1935). 

Phacoides (Pleurolucina) leucocymoides Lowe, 1935: 17, pl. 1, f. 4. 

22N-29N: 26N. 35-110m. +27° +33°C Recent. 

Lucina undatoides Hertlein & Strong, 1945. 

Lucina undatoides Hertlein & Strong, 1945: 105; L. undata Carpenter, 

1865e; 279 not L. undata Lamarch, 1818. 

24N-27N: 26N. Intertidal-5 m. +27° +33°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Myrteinae Chavan, 1969. 

Genus Lucinoma Dall, 1901. 

Lucinoma aequizonata (Stearns, 1891). 

Lucina aequizonata Steams, 1891: 220, pl. 17, f. 3, 4. 


Lucinoma annulata (Reeve, 1850). 

Lucina annulata Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 4, sp. 17; part. L. borealis 

auctt. not Linné, 1767 (Atlantic); part. L. acutilineata auctt. not Conrad, 

1849 (Miocene); L. filosa auctt. not Simpson, 1851 (Atlantic); Lucinoma 

densilineata Dall, 1916a: 27 nom. nod; L. annulata densilirata Dall, 

1919e: 249; Lucina spectabilis Yokoyama 1920: 134, pl. 10, f. 10-12; 

Woodia concentrica Yokoyama, 1920: 141, pl. 12, f. 7. 

33N-60N: 47N. 25-750m. +1° +12°C. Miocene. 

Lucinoma antarctica (Philippi, 1855). 

Lucina antarctica Philippi, 1855:209; Diplodonta lamellata E. A. Smith, 

1881: 38, pl. 15, f. la—c; part. Lucina aequizonata auctt. not Stearns, 

1890. 

52S-54S: 53S. 15-700m. +1° +8°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Milthinae Chavan, 1969. 

Genus Miltha H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

Miltha xantusi (Dall, 1905). 

Phacoides (Miltha)xantusi Dall, 1905a: 1 I 1 ;part. P. (Miltha)childrenae 

auctt. not Gray, 1825 (childretti nom. van. auctt.) (Atlantic); ?P. joannis 

Dall, 1905a: 112; P. (Miltha) sanctaecrucis Arnold, 1910: 57, pl. 6, f. 6. 

25N-26N. 55-80 m. +22° +30°C Miocene. 

Genus Pegophysema Stewart, 1930. 

Pegophysema edentuloides (Verrill, 1870). 

Loripes edetztuloides Verrill, 1870: 226; part. Lucitza spherica alien. not 

Dall & Ochsner, 1928. 


Subfamily Divaricellinae Glibert, 1967. 

Genus Divalinga Chavan, 1951. 

Subgenus Divalinga s.s. 

Divalinga eburnea (Reeve, 1850). 

Lucina eburnea Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 8, sp. 49; part. L. quadrisulcata 

auctt. not Orbigny, 1842 (Atlantic); Divaricella lucasana Dall 

& Ochsner, 1928: 122, pl. 2, f. 17, 21, 24;D. columbietzsis Lamy, 1934: 

433 nom. nod. 

5S-25N: ION. Intertidal-55 m. +17° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Viaderella Chavan, 1951. 

Divalinga perparvula (Dall, 1901). 

Divaricella perparvula Dall, 1901b: 815, 829, pl. 39, f. 8; part. Lucina 

dentata alien. not Deshayes, 1850 nom. nud. (Caribbean); L. pisunz 

Philippi, 1850: 105 not Sowerby, 1836, not Sowerby in Reeve, 1850. 

2S-26N: 12N. Intertida1-20 m. +22° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Family Thyasiridae Dall, 1900. 

Subfamily Thyasirinae nov.' 

Genus Conchocele Gabb, 1866. 

Conchocele bisecta (Conrad, 1849). 

Venus bisecta Conrad, I849a: 724, pl. 17, f. 10a. 


43N-57N: 50N. 50-300 m. — I° +11°C. Miocene. 

Conchocele disjuncta Gabb, 1866. 

Conchocele disjoncta Gabb, 1866:27, pl. 7, f. 48a, b; part. Venus bisecta 

auctt, not Conrad, 1849; Thyasira bisecta nipponica Yabe & Nomura, 

1925:85, pl. 23, f. 3a,b; T. disjucta ochotica Krishtofovich, 1936:35, pl. 

3, f. 2. 


48N-60N: 54N. 100-750 m. 0° +7°C. Oligocene. 

Conchocele excavata (Dall, 1901). 46 

Thyasira excavata Dall, 1901e: 790, 818, pl. 39, f. 12, 15; T. tricarinata 

Dall, 1916a: 26 nom. n id.; 19 I 6b: 409. 

23N-45N: 34N. 800-2050m. +1° +3°C. Recent. 

Genus Thyasira in Lamarck, 1818. (Leach MS) 

Subgenus Thyasira s.s. 

Thyasira barbarensis (Dall, 1890). 

Clyptodon barbarensis Dall, 1890a: 261, pl. 8, f. 9. 

28N-34N: 3IN. 40-150m. +4° +16°C. Recent. 

Thyasira cygnus Dall, 1916. 

Thyasira cygnus Dall, 1916a: 26 nom. nud.; 1916b: 409. 

45N-60N: 53N. 110-600m. —1° +9°C. Recent. 

Thyasira fuegiensis (Dall, 1890). 

Cryptodon fuegiensis Dall, 1890a: 262, pl. 14, f. 2. 


53S. 140m. +1° +6°C. Recent. 

Thyasira gouldii (Philippi, 1845). 

Lucina gouldii Philippi, 1845a:74, pl. 2, f. 7; part. Tellinaflexuosa auctt. 

not Montagu, 1803 (Atlantic); Thyasira wajampolkatza Krishtofovich, 

1936: 44, pl. 3, f. 3 a; pl. 6, f. 3, a. 

Panarctic, North Pacific. 

33N-71N: 52N. 20-250m. —2° +13°C. Pliocene. 

Thyasira magellanica Dall, 1901. 

Thyasira magellanica Dall, 1901e: 790, 819, pl. 42, f. 6. 


50S-54S: 52S. 190-350m. +2° +17°C. Recent. 

Thyasira tomeana Dall, 1901. 

Thyasira tomeana Dall, 1901e: 790, 819, pl. 39, f. 3. 

36S-50S: 43S. 20-200 m. +2° +17°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Axinopsidinae nov.' 

Genus Axinopsida Keen & Chavan in Chavan, 1951. 

Axinopsida serricata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Ctyptodon serricatus Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 643 (sericatus nom, van. 

auctt.) 

28N-60N: 44N. Intertida1-275 2° +15°C. Pleistocene. 

Axinopsida viridis (Dall, 1901). 

Axinopsis viridis Dall, 1901e: 791, 819, pl. 40, f. I. 

33N-57N: 45N. 30-200 m. 0° + I9°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Axinulus Verrill & Bush, 1898. 

29

Axinulus redondoensis (T. Burch, 1941). 

Aligena redondoensis T. Burch, 1941: 50. pl. 4, f, 5, 6, 7. 

34N-45N: 40N. 150-225 m. +4° +12°C. Recent. 

Genus Adontorhina Berry, 1947. 

Adontorhina cyclia Berry, 1847. 

Adontorhina cyclia Berry, 1947:260, pl. 1, f. 1-2. 

34N. 70-800 m. +4° +13 °C. Pleistocene. 

Family Ungulinidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

Genus Diplodonta Bronn, 1831. 

Diplodonta aleutica Dall, 1901. 

Diplodonta torelli aleutica Dail, 1901e: 795, 820, pl. 42, f. 3. 

Arctic Ocean. 

58N-71N: 65N. 1-40 m. -2° +7°C. Pleistocene. 

Diplodonta impolita Berry, 1953. 

Diplodonta impolita Berry, 1953b: 409, pl. 28, f. 3, 4: part. Lucina 

orbella auctt. not Gould, 1851. 

33N-55N: 44N. 2-100 m. 0 +19°C. Recent. 

Diplodonta inezensis (Hertlein & Strong, 1947). 

Taras (Taras) inezensis Hertlein & Strong, 1947: 130, pl. 1, f. 4. 

9N-27N: I8N. 10-65 m. +12° +27°C. Recent. 

Diplodonta orbella (Gould, 1851). 

Lucina orbella Gould, 1851: 90; part. Diplodonta semiaspera auctt. not 

Philippi, 1836 (Atlantic); Sphaerella tumida Carpenter, I 864e: 544 (Conrad 

MS) nom. nud. 

8N-60N: 44N. Intertidal-55 m.00 28°C. Pleistocene. 

Diplodonta pacifica Fischer, 1860. 

Diplodonta pacifica Fischer, 1860: 376, pl. 13, f. 3;D. suprema Olsson, 

1961: 201, pl. 32, f. 2-6. 

8N. Intertidal. +25° +31°C. Recent. 

Diplodonta subquadrata Carpenter, 1856. 

Diplodonta subquadrata Carpenter, 1856b: 230; D. subquaclrata baltrana 

Hertlein, 1972b: 28, 33, f. 8, 11. 


3N-26N: 15N. Intertidal-140 m+12° +33°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Felaniella Dall, 1899. 

Subgenus Zenzysia Finlay, 1926. 

Felaniella inconspicua (Philippi, 1845). 

Diplodonta inconspicua Philippi, 1845: 53; part. Amphidesma punctata 

auctt. not Say, 1822, (Atlantic); Diplodonta philippii Hupé in Gay, 1845: 

357, pl. 8, f. 5. (phillippii nom. null. auctt.) 

25S-42S: 34S. Intertidal-25 m. +7° +28°C. Recent. 

Felaniella obliqua (Philippi, 1846). 

Diplodonta obliqua Philippi, 1846: 20; Lucina calculus Reeve, 1850: 6 

Lucina pl. 1 I, sp. 68. 

ION-23N: 16N. Intertidal. +18° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Felaniella par/lis (Conrad, 1848)." 

Loripes parilis Conrad, 1848: 432; Lucina cornea Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina 

pl. 9, sp. 25; L. nitens Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 9, sp. 50; L. sericata 

Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 9, sp. 55; L. tellinoides Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina 

PI. 9, sp. 56;Diplodonta (Felaniella)artemidis Dall, 19096: 156, 263, pl. 

28, f. 8. 

4S-37N: 17N. Intertidal-75 m. +9° +32°C. Oligocene. 

Genus Phlyctiderma Dall, 1899. 

Subgenus Phlyctiderma s.s. 

Phlyctiderma discrepans (Carpenter, 1857). 

Diplodonta semiaspera discrepans Carpenter, 1857b: 103; D. semiaspera 

audit. not Philippi, 1836 (Atlantic); D. semirugosa Dall, I899b: 

246. 

7N-25N: 16N. 10-20 m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Phlyctiderma elenensis Olsson, 1961. 

Phlyctiderma elenensis Olsson, 1961: 205, pl. 32, f. 6a. 

2S-22N: ION. Intertida1-5 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

30 

Phlyctiderma insula Olsson, 1961. 

Phlyctiderma insula Olsson, 1961: 205, pl. 32, f. 9. 

2N-8N: 5N. 5-10 m. +19° +29°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Pegtnapex Berry, 1960. 

Phlyctiderma caelatum (Reeve, 1850). 

Lucina caelata Reeve, 1850: 6 Lucina pl. 6, sp. 27a, b. 

3S-18N: 8N. Intertida1-25 m. +16° +31°C. Recent. 

Phlyctiderma phoebe (Berry, 1960). 

Pegtnapex phoebe Berry, 1960: 115. 

23N. Intertidal-10 m. +16° +31°C. Recent. 

Family Cyrenoididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857. 

Genus Cyrenoida Joannis, 1835. 

Cyrenoida insula Morrison, 1946. 

Cyrenoida insula Morrison, 1946: 45, pl. 1, f. 8-11. 

9N. Intertidal-2 m. +25° +31°C. Recent. 

Cyrenoida panamensis Pilsbry & Zetek, 1931. 

Cyrenoida panamensis Pilsbry & Zetek, 1931: 69, pl. 3, f. 4. 


Superfamily Galeommatacea Gray, 1840. 

nom. transi. et . correct. Bowden & Heppell, 1968 ex Galiommidac Gray, 

1847 ex Galeommidii. 

Family Galeommatidae Gray, 1840. 

nom. correct. Dall, 1899 pro Galeommidae Gray, 1847 ex Galeommidii. 

Genus Cymatioa Berry, 1964. 

Cymatioa dubia (Deshayes, 1856). 

Erycina dubia Deshayes, 1856b: 183. 

1S-3S: 2 5 . Intertidal-10 m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Cymatioa electilis (Berry, 1963). 

Crenirnargo electilis Berry, 1963: 140. 

IS-28N: 13N. 10-45 m. +15° +28°C. Recent. 

Cymatioa pulchra (Philippi, 1849). 

Kellia pulchra Philippi, 1849: 149; Scintilla cumingii Deshayes, I856a: 

173. 

9N. ?I 0-15 m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Genus Galeommella Habe, 1958. 

Galeomella peruviana (Olsson, 1961). 

Solecardia peruviana Olsson, 1961: 240, pl. 36, f. 3, a. 



Genus Scintilla Deshayes, 1856. 

Scintilla chions Dall, 1918. 

Scintilla chions Dall, 19186: 5. 

Gastropod genus Berthelina in family Juliiclae. 

Genus Ttyphomyax Olsson, 1961. 

Tryphomyax mexicanus (Berry, 1959). 

Galeomma (Lepirodes) mexicanum Berry, 1959: 108; Tryphomyax lepidofortnis 

Olsson, 1961: 240, pl. 36, f. 4, a; T. lepidoformis laevis Olsson, 

1961: 241. 

9N-31N: 20N. 2-10 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Family Kelliidae Forbes & Hanley, 1849. 

nain. correct. Sowerby, 1862 pro Kelliadae. 

Subfamily Kelliinae Forbes & Hanley, 1849.' 

Genus Aligena Lea, 1846. 

Aligena cokeri Dall, 1909. 

Aligena cokeri Dall, 1909b: 155, 264, pl. 28, f. 5, 6. 


Aligena diegoana Hertlein & Grant, 1972. 

Aligenadiegoana Hertlein & Grant, 1972: 235, pl. 44, f. 1,6, pl. 45, f. 6,7,10,11 , 

13. 

California Pliocene, possibly also living.

Aligena nucea DaII, 1913. 

Aligena nucea Da11, 1913: 597. 

12N-31N: 22N. Intertidal-25 m. +13° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Aligena pisoln Da11, 1908." 

Aligena pima:: Da11, 1908e: 221, 413. 

53S. 112m. +2° +7°C. Recent. 

Genus Diplodontina Stempell, 1899. 

Diplodontina tumbesiana Stempell, 1899. 

Diplodontina tumbesiana Stempell, 1899: 232, pl. 12, f. 18, 19, a. 

20S-52S: 36S. Intertidal-50 m. + I° +27°C. Recent. 

Genus Kellia Turton, 1822. 

Kellia bullata Philippi, 1845. 

Kellia bullata Philippi, 18456:51 (bulluta 110171. null . anat.); K. nzagellanica 

E. A. Smith, 1881: 41, pl. 5, f. 6, a. 

53S-54S. Intertidal-50 m. + I° + I3°C. Recent. 

Kellia cycladiformis (Deshayes, 1851). 

Etycina cycladiformis Deshayes, 1851: 736, f. 6-9. 


52S-54S: 53S. 80-125 m. 0° +12°C. Recent. 

Kellia suborbicularis (Montagu, 1803). 

Mya suborbicularis Montagu, 1803: 39, 564: pl. 2, f. 6; Tellimya lactea 

Brown, 1827: 106, pl. 14,f. 10, 11; T. tennis Brown, 1827: 106, pl. 14,f. 

?Bornia infiata Philippi, 1836: 18; Chironia laperousii Deshayes, 12, 13; 

1839: 357; Bornia luticola Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 

7a, b; Motztacuta chalcedottica Carpenter, 1857b: 531; Kellia rotundata 

Carpenter, 1864e: 643. 

Circumboreal, Mediterranean. 

4S-60N: 28N. Intertidal-20 m. +6° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Odontogena Cowan, 1964. 

Odontogena borealis (Cowan, 1964). 

Aligetza (Odontogena) borealis Cowan, 1964: 108, pl. 2, f. 1, 2. 

44N-60N: 52N. 150-400m. -1° +6°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Borniinae nov. 5I 

Genus Bornia Philippi, 1836. 

Subgenus Bornia s.s. 

Bornia chiclaya Olsson, 1961. 

Bortzia chiclaya Olsson, 1961: 233, pl. 35, f. 13. 

5S. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Bornia egretta Olsson, 1961. 

Bornia egretta Olsson, 1961: 232, pl. 35, f. 11. 


Bornia obtusa (Carpenter, 1865). 

Montacuta obtusa Carpenter, 1865d: 270. 

23N. 75 m. +18° +30°C. Recent. 

Bornia papyracea (Deshayes, 1856). 

Erycitza papyracea Deshayes, 1856: 183. 

1S-24N: 12N. 10-50m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Bornia venada Olsson, 1961. 

Bornia venada Olsson, 1961: 232, pl. 35, f. 12. 

7N. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Bornia zorritensis Olsson, 1961. 

Bornia zorritensis Olsson, 1961: 232, pl. 35, f. 9, a. 

4S-6S: 5S. 20-40m. +15° +29°C. Recent. 

Genus Rhamphidonta Bernard, 1975. 

Rhamphidonta retifera (Dall, 1899). 

Bornia retifera Dall, 1899a: 880, 889, pl. 87, f. 2. 

34N.48N.50N. Intertidal-25 m. -1° +28°C. Recent. 

Genus Solecardia Conrad, 1849. 

Solecardia eburnea Conrad, 1849. 

Solecardia eburnea Conrad, 1849: 155 not Scintilla eburnea Morch, 

1876: (Caribbean); Scintilla cumingii Deshayes, 1856a: 173. 

9N-3IN: 20N. Intertidal-5 m. +16° +33°C. Pleistocene. 

Solecardia obliqua (Sowerby, 1862). 

Scintilla obliqua Sowerby, 1862: 179, pl. 235, f. 35. Nom. dub. 

Ecuador? 

Family Lasaeidae Gray, 1842. 

Subfamily Lasaeinae Gray, 1842. 53 

nom, trans!. herein ex Lasaeidae. 

Genus Lasaea Brown, 1827. 

Lasaea cistula Keen, 1938. 

Lasaea cistztla Keen, 1938: 25, pl. 5, f. 7-9; Erycina catalinae Dall, 

I 916a: 28 nom. 'nid.; 1916b: 409. 

28N-40N: 34N. Intertidal-2 in. +8° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Lasaea macrodon Stempell, 1899. 

Lasaea nzacrodon Stempell, 1899:231, f. 16, 17. 

34S. Intertidal-5 m. +11° +23°C. Recent. 

Lasaea miliaris (Philippi, 1845). 

Kellia 'Minn* Philippi, 1845:51. 

Extralimital South Atlantic. 

Lasaea petitiana (Recluz, 1843). 

Poronia petitiana Recluz, 1843:175; Lasaea helenae Soot-Ryen, 1959: 

52, pl. 2, f. 21. 

20S-52S: 41S. Intertidal. +1° +29°C. Recent. 

Lasaea subviridis Dall, 1899. 

Lasaea rubra subviridis Stearns, 1894: 149 nom. nud. (Carpenter MS); 

Cardiunz rubrunz auctt . not Mongatu, 1803 (Atlantic); L. rubra subviridis 

Dall, 1899a: 881 (Carpenter MS). 

23N-55N: 39N. Intertidal-10 m. + I° +24°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Erycininae Deshayes, 1850. 52 

nom, trans!, herein ex Erycinidae. 

Genus Amerycina Chavan, 1959. 

Amerycina colpoica (Dall, 1913). 

Erycina colpoica Dall, 1913: 596. 



Amerycina cultrata Keen, 1971. 

Amerycincz cultrata Keen, 1971: 135, f. 310. 

24N-28N: 26N. 5-35 in. +22° +32°C. Recent. 

Genus Erycina Lamarck, 1805. 

Sensu lato. 

Erycina balliana Dall, 1916. 

Erycitza balliatta Dall, 1916a: 28 nom. nud; 1916b: 410. 

32N. 6 m. +8° +22°C. Recent. 

Eiycina coronata Dall, 1916. 

Erycina coronata Dall, 1916a: 28 nom. muid; I916b: 409 

26N-32N: 29N. 1-10 m. +14° +28°C. Recent. 

Erycina platei (Stempell, 1899). 

Lepton platei Stempell, 1899: 233, pl. 12, f. 20, 21. 


Family Leptonidae Gray, 1847. 

Genus Lepton Turton, 1822. 

Subgenus Lepton s.s. 

Lepton ellipticum (Carpenter, 1857). 

Montacuta elliptica Carpenter, 1857b: 113. 


Lepton lediforme Olsson, 1961. 

Lepton lediformis Olsson, 1961:230, pl. 36, f. 10. 


31

Genus Platomysia Habe, 1951. 

Platomysia meroeum (Carpenter, 1864). 

Lepton meroeum Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 643. 

33N-48M: 4IN. Intertidal-20 m. +2° +22°C. Recent. 

Family Montacutidae Clark, 1855. 

Subfamily Montacutinae Clark, 1855. 54 

nom, transi. herein ex Montacutidae. 

Genus Montacuta Turton, 1822. 

Montacuta dawsoni Jeffreys, 1864. 

Montacuta dawsotti Jeffreys, 1864: 216; Mysella sovaliki MacGinitie, 

1959: 173, pl. 4, f. 10. 

Circumboreal, Panarctic. 

64N-71N: 68N. 10-40 m. -2° +8°C. Recent. 

Genus Montacutona Yamamoto & Habe, 1959. 

Montacutona montemarensis (Ramorino, 1968). 

Pythinella montemarensis Ramorino, 1968: 211, pl. 2, f. 7. 

335. 65 m. +12° +18°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Mysellinae nov. 55 

Genus Mysella Angas, 1877. 

Subgenus Mysella s.s. 

Mysella deanneae Ramorino, 1968. 

Mysella (Mysella) deanneae Ramorino, 1968: 207, pl. 1, f. 7, pl. 7, f. 2, 

3. 

33S. 97m. +10° +17°C, Recent. 

Mysella dionaea (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lepton dionaeum Carpenter, 1857b: 111. 

23N. ?Intertidal. +27° +32°C. Recent. 

Mysella umbonata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lepton umbonatum Carpenter, 185713:111. 

23N. 2-10 m. +22° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Rochefortia Velain, 1877. 

Mysella aleutica Da11, 1899. 

Mysella aleutica Da11, 1899a: 881, 892, 896, pl. 87, f. 6. 


37N-59N: 48N. 10-120 m. 0° +16°C. Pleistocene. 

Mysella beringensis (DaII, 1916). 

Rochefortia beringensis DaII, 1916a: 29 nom. nud.; 1916b: 411. 

57N-61N: 59N. 5-60m. -2° +11 °C. Recent. 

Mysella clementina (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lepton clementiman Carpenter, 185713: 110. 

23N , nom. dub. 

Mysella compressa (Dall, 1913). 

Rochefortia compressa Dall, 1913: 596. 

23N-33N: 28N. 5-40 m. +9° +27°C, Recent. 

Mysella coquimbensis (Hanley, 1856). 

Montacuta coquimbensis Hanley, 1856a: 340. 


Mysella grebnitzskii (Dall, 1916). 

Rochefortia grebnitzskii Dall, 1916a: 29 nom. nud.; 1916b: 411. 

56N-60N: 58N. 10-50m. -1 ° +8°C. Recent. 

Mysella mabillei (Dall, 1908). 

Rochefortia mabillei Dall, 1908e: 221, 413. 

53S-54S. 80-120 m. +2° +9°C. Recent. 

Mysella molinae Ramorino, 1968. 

Mysella (Rochefortia)molinae Ramorino, 1968: 209, pl. 2, f. 5, 6, pl. 7, 

f. 1, 4. (malinae nom. null.). 

33S. 20m. +8° +19°C. Recent. 

Mysella negritensis Olsson, 1961. 

Mysella negritensis Olsson, 1961: 234, pl. 35, f. 8. 

5S. Depth unknown. 

32 

Recent. 

Mysella pedroana Dall, 1899. 

Mysella pedroana Dall, 1899a: 881, 893, pl. 88, f. 4; Rochefortia grippi 

Dall, 1912b: 128; R . ferruginosa Dall, 191 6a: 29 nom. nud.; 1916b: 411; 

R. golischi Dall, I916a: 29 nom. nud.; 1916b: 411. 

33N-38N: 35N. 15-50 m. +7° +21°C. Recent. 

Mysella planata (Krause, 1885). 

Tellimya pianota Krause, 1885: 34, pl. 3, f. 6a-d (Dall, MS); Montacuta 

elevata MOrch in Jones, 1875: 131 not Stimpson, 1851 (Atlantic). 

Chukchi Sea. 

53N-71N: 62N. 10-100 m. -2° +7°C. Recent. 

Mysella rochebrunei (Dall, 1908). 

Rochefortia rochebrunei Dall, 1908e: 221, 414, pl. 17, f. 3; Mysella 

sculpta Soot-Ryen, 1957a: 5; Soot-Ryen, 1959: 53, f. 5 (redescription). 

53S. 100-120 m. +2° +9°C. Recent. 

Mysella tumida (Carpenter, 1864). 

Tellimya tumida Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 611, 643. 


Subfamily Orobitellinae nov. 56 

Genus Isorobitella Keen, 1962. 

Isorobitella singularis (Keen, 1962). 

Orobitella (Isorobitella) singularis Keen, 1962: 323, f. 4a-c, f. 5a- c. 


Isorobitella trigonalis (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lasea trigonalis Carpenter, 185713: 109; Aligena cerritensis Arnold, 

1903: 138, pl. 13, f. 3. 

23N-34N: 29N. 2-20m. +18° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Neaeromya Gabb, 1873. 

Neaeromya compressa (Dall, 1899). 

Erycina compressa Dall, 1899a: 880,888, pl. 87, f. I, 8. 

48N-60N: 54N. 10-150 iii . +1° +14°C. Recent. 

Neaeromya rugifera (Carpenter, 1864). 

Pythina rugiferus Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 643; Lepton rude Whiteaves 

1880: 198B, fi 2 (Dall, MS); Sportella californica Dall, 1899a: 879, 885, 

pl. 88, f. 5; Pseudopythina myaciformis Dall, 1916a: 29 nom. nud.; 

1916b: 412. 

28N-54N: 4IN. Intertidal-5 m. +5° +29°C. Recent. 

Neaeromya stearnsii (Dall, 1899). 

Sportella stearnsii Dall, 1899a: 879, 885, pl. 87, f. 9, 12. 


1S-25N: 12N. Intertidal-20 ni. +18° +30°C. Recent. 

Genus Orobitella Dall, 1900. 

Orobitella bakeri (Dall, 1916). 

Erycina bakeri Dall, 19I6a: 28 nom. nui!.; 1916b: 410; E. chacei Dall, 

1916a: 28 nom. nud.; 1916b: 410; ?E. santarosae Dall, 1916a: 28 nom. 

nud.; 1916b: 410. 

26N-34N: 30N. 5-285 m. +5° +27°C. Recent. 

Orobitella grandis (Philippi, 1887). 

Montacuta grandis Philippi, 1887: 185, pl. 23, f. 3. 

30S. Depth unknown. Pliocene. 

Possibly also living. 

Orobitella jipijapa Olsson, 1961. 

Orobitella jipijapa Olsson, 1961: 238, pl. 35, f. 5. 

IS. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Orobitella margarita Olsson, 1961. 

Orobitella margarita Olsson, 1961: 237, pl. 35, f. 2. 

9N. depth unknown. Recent. 

Orobitella obliqua (Harry, 1969). 

Aligena obliqua Harry, 1969: 172, f. 18-20. 


Orobitella oblonga (Carpenter, 1857). 

Lasea oblonga Carpenter, 1857b:109. 

23N. Depth unknown. Recent.

Orobitella peruviana Olsson, 1961. 

Orobitella pertiviana Olsson, 1961: 237, pl. 35, f. 7. 

2S-4S: 3S. 2-10m. +17° +29°C. 

Orobitella sechura Olsson, 1961. 

Orobitella sechura Olsson, 1961: 237, pl. 35, f. 1, b. 


Orobitella zorrita Olsson, 1961. 

Orobitella zorrita Olsson, 1961: 236, pl. 35, f. 3. 


Genus Pythinella Dall, 1899. 

Pythinella sublaevis (Carpenter, 1857). 

Pythina sublaevis Carpenter, 1857b: 112. 


Genus Scioberetia Bernard, 1895. 

Scioberetia australis Bernard, 1895. 

Scioberetia australis Bernard, 1895: 569. 

54S 20 m. +1° +8 °C. Recent. 

Subfamily Thecodontinae nov.' 

Genus Pristes Carpenter, 1864. 

Pristes oblongus Carpenter, 1864. 

Pristes oblongus Carpenter, 1864c: 611, 643. 


Superfamily Cyamiacea Philippi, 1845. 

nom. transi. Thiele, 1934 ex Cyamiidae. 

Family Cyamiidae Philippi, 1845. 

Genus Cyamiomactra Bernard, 1897. 

Cyamiomactra chilensis Ramorino, 1968. 

Cyamiomactra chilensis Ramorino, 1968: 213, pl. 2, f. 8, pl. 8, f. 1 , 3. 

33S. 20 m. +13° +20°C. Recent. 

Genus Cyamium Philippi, 1845. 

Cyamium antarcticum Philippi, 1845. 

Cyanzitun antarcticunz Philippi, I845b: 51 (autarcticunz nom. null. aucit.) 

C. subquadratum Pelseneer, 1903: 15, pl. 9, f. 124; C. iridescens 

Cooper & Preston, 1910: 112, pl. 4, f. 1; C. bennettii Preston, 1912; 637, 

PI. 21, f. 4; C. exasperatum Preston, 1912: 638, pl. 21, f. 5; C. piscium 

Preston, 1912: 638, pl. 21, f. 6; C. copiosum Preston, 1913: 222, pl. 4, f. 

9; C. cuneatum Preston, 1913; 222, pl. 4, f. 10; C. stanleyense Preston, 

1913; 222, pl. 4. f. 11. 


52S-54S. 150-250 m. +2° +9°C. Recent. 

Genus Kingiella Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Kingiella chilenica Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Kingiella chilenica Soot-Ryen, I957a: 3; 1959: 44, pl. 2, f. 

(redescription). 

41S. Intertidal. +10° +21°C. Recent. 

Family Perrierinidae Marwick, 1927. 

Genus Cyamiocardium Soot-Ryen, 1951. 

Cyamiocardium dahli Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Cyamiocardiunz dahli Soot-Ryen, 1957a: 4; Soot-Ryen, 1959: 45, pl. 2, 

f. 16 (redescription). 

42S. 15 m. +6° +15°C. Recent. 

Family Sportellidae Dall, 1899. 

Genus Basterotia Hornes, 1859 (Mayer MS) 

Subgenus Basterotia s.s. 

Basterotia peninsularis (Jordan, 1936). 

Anisodonta peninsulare Jordan, 1936: 147, pl. 18, f. 11, 12. 

IN-17N: 9N. Intertidal-15 m. +20° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Basterotia quadrata (Hinds, 1843)." 

Corbula quadrata Hinds. I843a: 57. 

Extralimital. 

Pliocene. 

Recent. 

Recent. 

Subgenus Basterotella Olsson & Harbison, 1953. 

Basterotia hertleini Durham, 1950. 

Basterotia hertleini Durham, 1950: 94, pl. 25, f. 4, 11; part. Anisodonta 

peninsulare auctt. not Jordan, 1936; Basterotia califonzica Durham, 

1950: 94, pl. 25, f. 9, 12; B. ecuadoriana Olsson, 1961; 243, pl. 36, f. 8, 

a. 


IS-24N: 12N. Intertidal-45 m. +18° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Ensitellops Olsson & Harbison, 1953. 

Ensitellops hertleini Emerson & Puffer, 1957. 

Ensitellops herleini Emerson & Puffer, 1957: 21, f. 2. 

2S-31N: 15N. Intertidal-110 m:1- 17° +33°C. Recent. 

Ensitellops pacifica Olsson, 1961. 

Ensitellops pacifica Olsson, 1961: 241, pl. 80, f. 9, a. 

2S-8N: 3N. 20-120 m. +15° +29°C. Recent. 

Family Neoleptonidae Thiele, 1934. 

Genus Neodavisia Chavan, 1969. 

Neodavisia cobbi (Cooper & Preston, 1910). 

Davisia cobbi Cooper & Preston, 1910: 113, pl. 4, f. 9, 10: D. bemzetti 

Preston 1912: 639, pl. 21, f. 7; D. concentrica Preston, 1912: 639, pl. 

21, f. 8. 

South Atlantic, Antarctic. 

54S. 100-200 m. 0 +8°C. 

Recent. 

Neodavisia hupei (Soot-Ryen, 1957). 

Neoleptotz hupei Soot-Ryen, I957a: 4; 1959: 47, pl. 2, f. 18 (redescription). 


34S-54S: 44S. 150-300 m. 0 + I2°C. Recent. 

Neodavisia parasiticum (Dall, 1876). 

Lepton parasiticum Dall, in Kidder, 1876: 45. 

Extralimital. South Atlantic, Antarctic. 

Superfamily CHLAMYDOCONCHACEA Dall, 1884. 

nom. transi. Keen, 1969 ex Chlamydoconchidae. 

Family Chlamydoconchidae Dall, 1899. 

Genus Chlamydoconcha Dall, 1884. 

Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dall, 1884. 

Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dall, 1884a: 51. 


Superfamily CARDITACEA Fleming, 1828. 

nom. transi. Menke, 1830 ex Carditadae. 

Family Carditidae Fleming, 1828. 

13-15 nom. correct. Cossmann, 1914 pro Carditacea. 

Subfamily Carditinae Fleming, 1828. 

nom. transi. Chavan, 1969 ex Carditadae. 

Genus Cardita Bruguiére, 1792. 

Subgenus Byssomera Olsson, 1916. 

Cardita affinis Sowerby, 1833. 

Cardita affinis Sowerby, 1833: 195; part. C. nodulosa auctt. not 

Lamarck, 1819 (modulosa nom. nul!. auctt.) (Atlantic); part. C. rufescens 

auctt. not Lamarck, 1819 (Atlantic); C. volucris Reeve, 1843: I 

Cardita pl. 4, sp. 20; C. californica Deshayes, 1854: 100; ?C. incrassatus 

Carpenter, 1857a: 287, 306, 354 "Pfeiffer" nom. 'nid. 



Subfamily Carditesinae Chavan, 1969. 

Genus Cardites Link, 1807. 

Cardites crassicostata (Sowerby, 1825). 

Cardita crassocostata Sowerby, 1825: 4; C. cuvieri Broderip in Broderip 

33

& Sowerby, 1832: 55; C. michelini Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: 

pl. 22, f. 5; C. (Glans) sulcosa DaII, 1903a: 707, 715. 


2S-27N: 12N. Intertidal-5 m. +200 +30°C. Recent. 

Cardites grayi (DaII, 1903). 

Cardita grayi Da11, 1903a: 706; C. crassa Sowerby in Beechey, 1839: 

152, pl. 42, f. 4 not Lamarck, 1819. 



Cardites laticostata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardita laticostata Sowerby, 1833: 195, C. tricolor Sowerby, 1833: 194; 

C. arcella Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 22, f. 1; C. turgida 

Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1856: pl. 22, f. 3 not Lamarck, 1819; C. 

reeveana Clessin, in Küster 8t KobeIt, 1888: 37, 58, pl. 13, f. I, 2. 


45-30N: 13N. Intertidal-30 m. +18° +33°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Strophocardia Olsson, 1961. 

Strophocardia megastropha (Gray, 1825). 

Venericardia megastropha Gray, 1825: 137; V. jlammtnea Michelin, 

1831: pl. 6; Cardita tumida Broderip, 1832: 56; C. varia Broderip in 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 56. 


25-27N: 13N. 30-150 m. +19° +29°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Carditamerinae Chavan, 1969. 

Genus Carditamera Conrad, 1838. 

Carditamera radiata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardita radiata Sowerby, 1833: 195; Lazaria observa Morch, 1861: 199. 


Genus Carditella E. A. Smith, 1881. 

Subgenus Carditella s.s. 

Carditella exulata E. A. Smith, 1885. 

Carditella exulata E. A. Smith, 1885: 215, pl. 15, f. 6, a. 


?545. 50-250 m. +2° +8°C. Recent. 

Carditella naviformis (Reeve, 1843). 

Cardita naviformis Reeve, 1843: 1 Cardita pl. 9, sp. 45; C. australis 

Philippi, 1858: 23; Actinobolus philippii Tryon, 1872e: 254; Cardita 

paeteliana Clessin in Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 20, pl. 6, f. 7, 8. 

39S-53 5: 46S. 20-260 m. +2° +17°C. Recent. 

Carditella pallida E. A. Smith, 1881. 

Carditella pallida E. A. Smith, 1881: 43, pl. 5, f. 9, b. 

505-54S: 52S. 4-50 m. +2° +11°C. Recent. 

Carditella parvulum (Dunker, 1861). 

Cardium parvulum Dunker, 1861: 36 not preoc. Cardita parvula Münster 

in Goldfuss, 1837. 

435. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Carditella semen (Reeve, 1843). 

Cardita semen Reeve, 1843: I Cardita pl. 9, sp. 43; ?Cardium pygmae 

Philippi, 1860: 176, pl. 7, f. 3a-c not Donovan, 1799 not Hisinger, 1837. 

245-555: 40S. Intertidal-100 m.+ I° +25°C. Recent. 

Carditella tegulata (Reeve, 1843). 

Cardita tegulata Reeve, 1843: I Cardita pl. 9, sp. 48. (tegulina nom. 

null. auctt.). 

33S-54S: 445. Intertidal-25 m. +1° +24°C. Recent. 

Genus Crassicardia Savizky, 1979. 

Crassicardia crassidens (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Astarte crassidens Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 365; part. Cardita 

borealis auctt. not Conrad, 1831 (Atlantic);C. borealis paucicostata 

Krause, 1855: 30, pl. 3, f. 5; Vetzericardia (Cyclocardia) rudis Dall, 

34 

I 903a: 711 (Sowerby MS) V. (Cyclocardia) morsei Dall, 1918a: 234; C. kamtschatica 

Slodkevich, 1935: 353, pl. 62, f. la, 2a; C. mat itukensis 

Slodkevich, 1938: 137, pl. 61, f. 10, 112; C. subcrassidens MacNeil in 

MacNeil, Mertie & Pilsbry, 1943: 90, pl. 15, f. 1, 3 

Chukchi Sea, Northwest Pacific. 

51N-7IN: 61N. 1-200 m. —2° + 11°C. Pliocene. 

Crassicardia umnaka (Willett, 1932) 

Cardita umnaka Willett, 1932: 87, pl. 5, tl , 2. 

Aleutians 

54°N 50 m. +5° + I 2°C. Recent. 

Genus Cyclocardia Conrad, 1867. 

Subgenus Cyclocardia s.s. 

Cyclocardia bailyi (J. Burch, 1944). 

Cardita (Cyclocardia) bailyi J. Burch, 1944: 13; Venericardia nodulosa 

Dall, 1916a: 25 nom. nud.; 1919c: 249 not Cardita nodulosa Lamarck, 

1819; C. longini Bally, 1945: 118. 

28N-34N: 31N. 30-275 m. +8° +29°C. Recent. 

Cyclocardia barbarensis (Stearns, 1891). 

Venericardia barbarensis Stearns, 1891: 214, pl. 16, f. 3, 4. 

34N. 375-2211 m. +5° +11°C. Pliocene. 

Cyclocardia beebei (Henlein, 1958). 

Cardita spurca beebei Hertlein, 1958: 107, pl. 21, f. 3, 4, 11-14; not 

Cardita spurca Sowerby, 1833. 

9N-26N: 18N. 45-65 m. +12° +30°C. Recent. 

Cyclocardia crebticostata (Krause, 1885). 

Cardita borealis crebricostata Krause, 1885: 30 pl. 3, f. 4; part. C. 

borealis auctt. not Conrad, 1831 (Atlantic); Venericardia alaskana Dall, 

I903a: 710, 715; Cardita (Cyclocardia) crebricostata nomensis MacNeil 

in MacNeil, Mertie & Pilsbry, 1943: 90, pl. 14, f. 18; C. beringiana 

Slodkevich, 1935: 47, pl. 3, f. 7. 

Arctic Ocean Northwest Pacific. 

50N-71N: 60N. 10-260m. — I° +13°C. Pliocene. 

Cyclocardia gouldii (Dall, 1903)." 

Venericardia (Cyclocardia) gouldii Dall, 1903a: 709, 714. 

33N. 1503 m. nom. dub. Recent. 

Cyclocardia incisa (Dall, 1903). 

Venericardia (Cyclocardia) incisa Dall, 1903a: 710, 714. 


52N-57N: 55N. 1-135 m. —1° + I2°C. Recent. 

Cyclocardia ovata (Rjabinina, 1952). 

Venericardia (Cyclocardia) borealis ovata Rjabinina, 1952: 281; not 

preoc. Cardita ovata C. B. Adams, 1845. 


52N-60N: 56N. 720 m. +1° +9°C. Recent. 

Cyclocardia rjabininae (Scarlato, 1955). 

Venericardia granulata rjabininae Scarlato, 1955b: 192, pl. 51, f. 6; 

part. Actinobolus (Cyclocardia) novangliae auctt. not Morse, 1869 

(Atlantic); Venericardia eximoensis Tiba, 1972: 138, pl. 16. f 

Arctic Ocean No rthwest Pacific. 

57N-58N. 18-572 m. —1° +11°C. Recent. 

Cyclocardia ventricosa (Gould, 1850). 

Cardita ventricosa Gould, 1850: 276; Venericardia (Cyclocardia) 

stearnsii Dall, I903a: 225, pl. 16, f. 5, 6; Cardita ventricosa redondoensis 

T. Burch in J. Burch, 1944: 14 (Burch MS); C. (Cyclocardia) ventricosa 

montereyensis Smith & Gordon, 1948: 172. 


Sensu lato.6° 

Cyclocardia compressa (Reeve, 1843). 

Candira compressa Reeve, 1843: I Cardita pl. 9, sp. 46 not Reuss, 1844; 

C. (Actinobolus) procera Gould, 1850: 276.


33S-54S: 44S. 100-121 m. +1° +16°C. 

Cyclocardia spurca (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardita spurca Sowerby, 1833: 195. 

20S-50S: 35S. 10-80 m. +2° +17°C. 

Recent. 

Pleistocene. 

Cyclocardia velutinus (E. A. Smith, 1881). 

Cardita (Actinobolus) velutimis E. A. Smith, 1881: 42, pl. 5, f. 8. 


35S-45S: 40S. 5-250 m. +5° +20°C. Recent. 

Genus Glans Megerle, 1811. 

Glans carpenteri (Lamy, 1922). 

Cardita (Carditanzera) carpenteri Lamy, 1922: 264; Lazaria subquadrata 

Carpenter, 1864e: 536, 627, 642 not Cardita subquadrata 

Conrad, 1848 (transitory homonym); Glans minuscula Grant & Gale, 

1931: 276, pl. 13, f. 10a,b. 

28N-58N: 43N. Intertidal-100 m+5° +28°C. Recent. 

Genus Miodontiscus Da11, 1903. 

Miodontiscus prolongatus (Carpenter, 1864). 

Miodon prolongatus Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 627, 642, 682; Venericardia 

yatesi Arnold, 1907b: 439, pl. 58, f. 2a,b; Miodontiscus meridionalis 

Dall, 1916a; 24 nommud.; 1916b: 408; Venericardia tokunagai 

Yokoyama, 1923: 6, pl. I, f. 2. 



Genus Pleuromeris Conrad, 1867. 

Pleuromeris guanica (Olsson, 1961). 

Cardita (Pleuromeris) guanica Olsson, 1961: 188, pl. 25, f. 8. 


Subfamily Thecaliinae Dall, 1903. 

Genus Milneria Dall, 1881. 

Milneria kelseyi Dall, 1916. 

Milneria kelseyi Dall, 1916a: 26 nom. n id.; 19166: 408; part. M. minima 



Milneria minima (Dall, 1871). 

Ceropsis minima Dall, 1871: 152, pl. 16, f. 5, 6; Trapezium halioticola 

Dall, 1871: 152 nom. n id.; part. Milneria kelseyi alien. not Dall, 1916. 


Family Condylocardiidae Bernard, 1896. 

Subfamily Condylocardiinae Bernard, 1896. 

nom. trans!. Chavan, 1969 ex Condylocardiidae. 

Genus Carditopsis E. A. Smith, 1881. 

Carditopsis flabellum (Reeve, 1843). 

Cardita flabellum Reeve, 1843: I Cardita pl. 9, sp. 47; C. nzalvinae 

Orbigny, 1846: 580, pl. 84, f. 4-6; C. pallida duodecimcostata Melvill & 

Standen, 1912: 361, pl. 1, f. 19, a. 


33S-54S: 44S. 10-150m. +2° +15°C. Recent. 

Genus Condylocardia Bernard, 1896. 

Condylocardia digueti Lamy, 1916. 

Condylocardia digtieti Lamy, 1916: 443. 

21N-24N; 23N. Intertidal-40 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Condylocardia hippopus (MOrch, 1861). 

Hippella hippoptis Morch, 1861: 200; Condylocardia pananzensis 

Olsson, 1942: 186, pl. 3, f. 9, 10. 


Superfamily CHAMACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct ICZN, 1957 pro Camacea Blainville, 1825 ex camacees. 

Family Chamidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transi. Broderip, 1839 ex Camacea Blainville, 1825 ex camacees. 

Genus Arcinella Schumacher, 1817. 

ICZN opinion 417. 

Arcinella californica (Dall, 1903). 

Echinochanza californica Dall, 1903b: 950, pl. 62, f. 5. 


Genus Charm Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Chama s.s. 

Chama arcana Bernard, 1976. 

Chama arcana Bernard, 1976: 14, f. 4, a, b; part. C. pellucida auctt. not 

Broderip, 1825. 


Charnel buddiana C. B. Adams, 1852. 

Chanta buddiana C. B. Adams, 1852; 477, 544. 


0-11N: 5N. Intertidal-2 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Chama chilensis Philippi, 1887. 

Chnma chilensis Philippi, 1887: 180, pl. 32, f. 9. 

54S. Probably fossil only. 

Chama corallina Olsson, 1971. 

Chama corallina Olsson in Bayer & Voss, 1971: 39, f. 7-10. 

8N-23N: 16N. 15-100 m. +18° +28°C. Recent. 

Chama echinata Broderip, 1835. 

Chama echilutta Broderip, 1835a: 150; C. coralloides Reeve, 1847: 4 

Chanza pl. 4, sp. 18; C. delesserti Chenu, 1846: pl. 6, f. 4. 

Galapagos Island. 

9S-29N: ION. Intertida1-25 m. +19° +31°C. Plek,tocene. 

Chama flavidn Clessin, 1889. 

Chama flavida Clessin in Küster & Kobelt, 1889: 44, pl. 17, f. 8, 9. 

Extralimital, possibly synonym of Caribbean C. sinuosa Broderip 1835. 

Chama frondosa Broderip, 1835. 

Chama f'rondosa Broderip, 1835a: 148; C. pacifica Carpenter, 1857b: 

232 (Gould MS) nom. mid. not Broderip, 1834; C. parasitica Rochebrune, 

1895: 243. 2N-241,•25 IhIN. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Chama garthi Bernard, 1976. 

Chaim garthi Bernard, 1976: 18, f. 9a, b. 

2s-7N: 3N. Intertidal-22 m. +20° +31°C. Recent. 

Chama maculam Clessin, 1889. 

Chama maculata Clessin in Küster & Kobelt, 1889: 43, pl. 4, f. 4, 6. nom. dub 

54S. Holotype lost. 

Chama mexicana Carpenter, 1857. 

Chama frondosa mexicana Carpenter, I857b: 87; C. frondosa (var. ) 

Broderip, 1835a: 149; C . producta Broderip, 1835a: 150 nom. oblit .; C. 

frondosafornicata Carpenter, 1857b; 89; C. purpurascens Tryon, 1872a: 

117 (Conrad MS); C. compacta Clessin in Küster & Kobelt, 1889: 25, pl. 

10, f. 4. 


14N-31N: 23N. Intertidal-80 m. +20° +30°C Pleistocene. 

Chama pellucida Broderip, 1835. 

Chaim pellucida Broderip, 1835a: 302, pl. 38, f. 3; C. chilensis Philippi, 

1887: 173, pl. 37, f. 9. 

5S-33S: I9S. Intertida1-30 m. +12° +24°C. Pliocene. 

Chama sordida Broderip, 1835. 

Chanza sordida Broderip, 1835a: 151. 

3N-30N: 17N. 1-45 m. +20° +32°C. Recent. 

Charna squamuligera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Chama squanzuligera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932; 103, pl. 14, f. 10; part. C. 

spinosa atictt. Broderip, 1835; C. rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939b: 

13, pl. 3, f. 6-10. 


2S-30N: 14N. 1-20m. +19° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Chama tinctoria Bernard, 1976. 

Chauma tinctoria Bernard, 1976: 22, f. 5a—c; part. C. pacifica auctt. not 

35

Broderip, 1835; part. C. broderipi auctt. not Reeve, 1847. 

8N-21N: 14N. 15-100 m. +21° +31°C. Recent. 

Chama venosa Reeve, 1847. 

Chama venosa Reeve, 1847: 4 Chama pl. 7, sp. 34; C. digueti Rochebrune, 

1895: 243. 


Genus Pseudochama Odhner, 1917. 

Pseudochama clarionensis Willett, 1938. 

Psettdochama clarionensis Willett, 1938: 48, pl. 4, f. 1, 2. 


IS-18N: 10N. 25-55 m. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Pseudochama corrugata (Broderip, 1835). 

Chama corrugata Broderip, 1835a: 150. 


Pseudochama dalli Bernard, 1976. 

Pseudochama dalli Bernard, 1976: 26, f. 12d; Chama inermis Dall, 1871: 

148 (Carpenter MS) not C. imbricata inermis Deshayes, 1863. 

9N-21N: I5N. 1-5 m. +21° +31°C. Recent. 

Pseudochama exogyra (Conrad, 1837). 

Chama exogyra Conrad, 1837: 256; Pseudochama granti Strong, 1934: 

137, pl. 8, f. 6, 7. 

33N-44N: 39N.(50N)20-155 m. +6° +2I°C. Pliocene. 

Pseudochama janus (Reeve, 1847). 

Chama janus Reeve, 1847: 4 Chama pl. 7, sp. 36; C. imbricata (var. ) 

Broderip, 1835: 149. 


0-IS. 10-25 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Pseudochama panamensis (Reeve, 1847). 

Chama panamensis Reeve, 1847: 4 Chama pl. 8, sp. 45. 


Pseudochama saavedrai Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Pseudochama saavedrai Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 110, pl. 1, f.1, 3, 8, 

10. 


Superfamily CRASSATELLACEA Férussac, 1822. 61 

nom. transi. Newell, 1965 ex Crassatellidae. 

Family Crassatellidae Férussac, 1822. 

Subfamily Crassateliinae Férussac, 1822. 

nom. transi. Chavan, 1952 ex Crassatellidae. 

Genus Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924. 

Subgenus Hybolophus Stewart, 1930. 

Eucrassatella digueti (Lamy, 1917). 

Crassatella digueti Lamy, 1917: 217; C. undulata Sowerby, 1832: 56 not 

Lamarck, 1805 not Sowerby, 1824; Crassatellites laronus Jordan, 1932: 

9. 


Eucrassatella fluctuata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Astarte fiuctuata Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 642; Crassatella marginata 

Keep, 1888: 179 "Carpenter" nom. nud. (margarita nom. null. auctt.). 

28N-33N: 31N. 40-55 m. +18 ° +27°C. Recent. 

Eucrassatella gibbosa (Sowerby, 1832). 

Crassatella gibbosa Sowerby, 1832: 56; C. corbuloides Reeve, 1843: 1 

Crassatella pl. 2, sp. 9; Crassatellites rudis Li, 1930: 257, pl. 3, f. 16; 

Eucrassatella gibbosa tucilla Olsson 1932: 56; Eucrassinella manabiensis 

Cruz, 1980: 67, f. 1, 2, 5, 6; E. aequatorialis Cruz, 1980: 68, f. 

3, 4., 7. 


55-26N. 11N. 20-40 m. +18° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Scambulinae Chavan, 1952. 

Genus Crassinella Guppy, 1874. 

36 

Crassinella adamsi Olsson, 1961. 

Crassinella adamsi Olsson, 1961: 183, pl. 25, f. 3, a-c. 

3S-23N: 5-100 m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Crassinella coxa Olsson, 1964. 

Crassinella coxa Olsson, 1964: 43, pl. 5, f. 11, 12. 

6N-28N: 35-160 m. +16° +28°C. Recent. 

Crassinella ecuadoriana Olsson, 1961. 

Crassinella ecuadoriana Olsson, 1961: 182, pl. 25, f. 6, a-e. 

2S-24N: Intertidal-55 m. +20 0 +31°C. Recent. 

Crassinella nuculiformis Berry, 1940. 

Crassinella nuculiformis Berry, 1940: 3, pl. 1,f. 1, 2; C. clementina 

Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 56, pl. 12, f. 8. 

3S-28N: Intertidal-65 m. +18° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Crassinella oregonensis Keen, 1938. 

Crassinella oregonensis Keen, 1938: 31, pl. 2, fl 11, 12. 

43N. Extralimital-Astarte lunulata Conrad, 1834 (Atlantic). 

Crassinella pacifica C. B. Adams, 1852. 

Gouldia pacifica C. B. Adams, 1852: 499; Astarte (Crassinella) branneri 

Arnold, 1903: 30, 60, 123, pl. 18, f. 12; Crassinella mexicana Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932: 103, pl. 14, f. 8, 9; C. quintinensis Manger, 1934: 298, pl. 

21, f. 1, 2. 


4S-34N: Intertidal-160 m+ 16° +33°C. Pleistocene. 

Crassinella skoglundae Coan, 1979. 

Crassinella skoglundae Coan, 1979: 6, f. 12, 15. 

17N-21N: 19N. 10-30 m. +19° +27°C. Recent. 

Crassinella varians (Carpenter, 1857). 

Gouldia varians Carpenter, I857a: 306, 364, 366 nom. nud.; 1857b: 83; 

Crassinella goldbaumiJordan, 1936: 112, 126, pl. 18, f. 4, 5; C. haylocki 

Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 57, pl. 18, f. 7, 8. 

3S-28N: 13N. Intertidal-115 m+ 17° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Superfamily ASTARTACEA Orbigny, 1844.' 2 

nom. transi. herein ex Astartidae. 

Family Astartidae Orbigny 1844. 

Subfamily Astartinae Orbigny, 1844. 

nom. transi. Chavan, 1969 ex Astartidae, 

Genus Astarte Sowerby, 1816. 

Subgenus Astarte es. 

Astarte compacta Carpenter, 1864. 

Astarte compacta Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 642, 682. 

48N-55N: 52N. 10-150 m. +2° +14°C. Recent. 

Astarte crenata (Gray, 1824). 

Nicania crenata Gray, 1824: 242: Crassina ell ipt ica Brown, 1827: 96, pl. 

18, f. 3 not Astarte (Coelastarte) elliptica Sibiryokova, 1961; Crassina 

ovata Brown, 1830: 12, pl. 1, f. 8; C. gairensis J. Smith, 1839: 90 (Nicol 

MS); Astarte quadrans Gould, 1841: 81, f. 48; A. semisulcata Moller, 

1842: 19 not Crassina semisulcata Leach in Ross, 1819;A . crebricostata 

MacAndrew & Forbes, 1847: 98, pl. 9, f. 4; A. crebrilirata Wood, 1853: 

184, pl. 16, f. 2a,b;A..intermedia Sowerby, 1854: 779, pl. 167, f. 11; A. 

subaequilatera Sowerby, 1854: 786, pl. 167, f. 13;A. oblonga Sowerby, 

1855: 731, pl. 167, f. 13; A. acuticostata Jeffreys in Friele, 1876: 3; A. 

subaequilatera whiteavesii Dall, 1903b: 948, pl. 62, f. 7, 12;A. crenata 

inflata Hâgg, 1904: f. 4-6; A. crenata quadrata Filatova, 1957: 54 nom. 

nud.; A. ecostata Filatova, 1957: 54 nom. nud.; A. crenata sulcatoides 

Nesis, 1964: 662, f. 1,2. 

Panarctic, North Atlantic. 


Astarte polaris Da11,1903. 

Astarte polaris Dall, 1903b: 939, 945, pl. 63, f. 5. 


Astarte undata Gould, 1841. 

Astarte undata Gould, 1841: 80 not Orbigny, 1850; A. undata latisulca 

Hanley, 1843: 350, pl. 14, f.5.

Northwest Atlantic. Northwest Pacific. 

48N-54N: 51N. 20-200 m. —1° +12°C. Pleistocene. 60N. 110-140m. —1° +7°C. Recent. 

Astarte willetti Da11, 1917. 

Astarte willetti Da11, 1917b: 11. 

48N-55N: 52N. 15-80 m. 

Subgenus Rictocyma Da11, 1871. 

Astarte esguimalti (Baird, 1863). 

Crassatella esquimalti Baird, 1863: 70; Astarte esquimalti limita Da11, 

MS; Rictocyma zenkevitchi Filatova, 1957: 300, f.4. 


48N-71N: 60N. 50-200m. -I° +15°C. Pleistocene. 

Astarte mirabilis (Dall, 1871). 

Rictocyma mirabilis Dall, 1871: 151, pl. 14, f. 6; Astarte (Gonilia) 

diversa Dall, 1920: 28, 33, pl. 5, f. 6. 

55N-60N: 58N. 50-150m. —1° +9°C. Pliocene. 

Sensu lato. 

Astarte longirostra Orbigny, 1846. 63 

Astarte longirostra Orbigny, 1846: 576, pl. 83, f. 19-22; A. magellanica 

E. A. Smith, 1881:41, pl. 5, f. 7;A. antarctica Thiele, 1912: 229, pl. 18, f. 

8. 


54S. 100-300 m. +1° +7°C. Recent. 

Genus Tridonta Schumacher, 1817. 

Tridonta alaskensis (Dall, 1903). 

Astarte alaskensis Dall, 1903b: 944, 946, pl. 63, f. 2; part. A. undata 

auctt. not Gould, 1841; A. (Tridonta) alaskensis shinadae Kanno, 1962: 

59, pl. 3, f. 7a,b. 

48N-60N: 54N. 20-250 m. +1° + I4°C. Pliocene. 

Tridonta arctica (Gray, 1824). 

Crassina arctica Gray, 1824: 143 not Moller, 1842; part. Tridonta 

borealis auctt. not Schumacher, 1817; Astarte cyprinoides Duval, 1841: 

278; Tridonta cagnei Pollonera in Luigi, 1903: 621; Astarte arctica 

broweri Meek, 1923: 414, 416. 

Arctic, Atlantic. 

56N-66N: 61N. 50-300m. —2° + 10°C. Pleistocene. 

Tridonta bennettii (Dall, 1903). 

Astarte bennettiiDall, 1903b: 945, pl. 63, f. 6;A. aomoriensis Nomura & 

Hatai, 1935b: 115, pl. 9, f. 5. 


56N-62N: 589N. 20-200 m. — I ° +9°C. Pleistocene. 

Tridonta borealis Schumacher, 1817. 

Tridonta borealis Schumacher, 1817: 147, pl. 17, f. 1 ex Venus borealis 

Chemnitz, 1784; Astarte plana Sowerby, 1818: pl. 179, f.2; Crassina 

semisulcata Leach in Ross, 1819: 175; C. corrugata Brown, 1827: pl. 16, 

f. 24; C. depressa Brown, 1827: pl. 18, f. 2; C. compressa Brown, 1827: 

p1.18, f. 45 not Venus compressa Montagu, 1808;Astarte lactea Broderip 

& Sowerby, 1829: 365; Crassina multicostata J. Smith, 1839: 104, p1.1, 

f. 19 not Astarte multicostata Filatova, 1957; C. uddevalensis J. Smith, 

1839: 104, pl. 1, f. 20; C. withami J. Smith, 1839: 105, pl. 1, f. 21; A. 

Middendorff, 1849: 562, pl. 17, f. 4-10; A. semisulcata corrugata 

placenta MOrch, 1869: 26; A. semisulcata rhomboidalis Leche, 1883: 

441, pl. 34, f. 35, 36; A. borealis crassa Pfeiffer, 1886: 11, f. 2, 

3a,b,4A. rollandi loxiaDall, 1903b: 943; A. leffingivelli Dall, 1920; 32, 

pl. 6, f. 8; A. borealis ovata Filatova, 1957: 54 not Crassina ovata 

Brown, 1827; A. borealis pseudoactis Merklin & Petrov in Petrov et al., 

1962: 33, pl. 4, f. 1-3. 


+1° +11°C. Recent. 

58N-71N: 65N. Intertidal-50 m. —2° +14°C. Pliocene. 

Tridonta filatovae Habe, 1964. 

Astarte (Tridonta) filatovae Habe, 1964: 178; A. multicostata Filatova, 

1957: 297, f. la, b not Crassina multicostata J. Smith, 1839 not Astarte 

multicostata MacGillivray, 1843. 

Tridonta montagui (Dillwyn, 1817). 

Venus montagui Dillwyn, 1817: 167; V. compressa Montagu, 1808: 43, 

pl. 26, f. 1 not V. compressa Linné, 1771 not Crassina compressa Brown, 

1827; Nicania banksii Leach in Ross, 1819: 62; N. striata Leach in Ross, 

1819: 62; Crassina obliqua Brown, 1827: pl. 18, f. 6; C. convexiuscula 

Brown, 1827: pl. 18, f. 7 (Leach MS); Astarte angulata Woodward, 

1832: 43, pl. 11, f. 17; A. globosa Moller, 1842: 19; A. multicostata 

MacGillivray, 1843; 211 not Crassina multicostata J. Smith, 1839 not 

Astarte sulcata multicostata Jeffreys, 1864: not A. nurlticostata Filatova, 

1957; A. laurentiaeza Lyell, 1845: 150; A. pulchella Jonas in Philippi, 

1845: 60 A. warhami Hancock, 1846: 336, pl. 5, f. 15, 16; A. fabula 

Reeve in Belcher, 1855: 398, pl. 33, f. 5a, b; A. abbreviata Sowerby, 

1874: 19, f. 6; A. semilirata Sowerby, 1874: 19, f. 15, A. laurentiana 

sorror Dall, 1903b: 947, pl. 62, f. 11. 


58N-71N: 65N. 10-455 m. —2° +8°C. Pleistocene. 

Tridonta rollandi (Bernardi, 1859). 

Astarte rollandi Bernardi, 1859: 386, pl. 13, f. 4; part. Tridonta borealis 

auctt. not Schumacher, 1817. 



Tridonta vernicosa (Dall, 1903). 

Astarte vemicosa Dall, 1903b: 948, pl. 63, f. 1. 


58N-62N; 60N. 20-250 m. +1° +11°C. Recent. 

Family Cardiniidae Zittel, 1881. 

emend. Cox, 1961. 

Genus Tellidorella Berry, 1963. 

Tellidorella cristulata Berry, 1963. 

Tellidorella cristulata Berry, 1963; 140. 

20N-30N: 25N. 25-90m. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Superfamily CARDIACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. trans!. Gill, 1871 ex Cardiacea Goldfuss, 1820 ex cardiacees. 

Family Cardiidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Broderip, 1839 ex Cardiacea Goldfuss, 1820 ex cardiacees. 

Subfamily Cardiinae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transi. Stoliczka, 1870 ex Cardiacea Goldfuss, 1820 ex cardiacees. 

Genus Cardium Linné, 1758. 

Sensu lato. 

Cardium gemmatum Carpenter, 1857. 

Cardium gem mation Carpenter, 1857a: 229 (Gould MS) nom. nud. 

Genus Acanthocardia Gray, 1851. 

Acanthocardia aculeata (Linné, 1758). 

Cardillo; aculentum Linné, 1758: 679 [824]. 

Extralimital. Mediterranean. 

Subfamily Trachycardiinae Stewart, 1930. 

Genus Acrosterigma Dall, 1900. 

Acrosterigma pristipleura (Dall, 1901). 

Cardium (Trachycardium) pristipleura Dall, 1901a; 389; C. maculosum 

Sowerby, 1833: 85 not Wood, 1815; C. maculaturn Sowerby, 1841: pl. 

56, f. 18 not Gmelin, 1791; C. (Trachycardiunz) hornelli Tomlin, 1928: 

194. 


Genus Papyridea Swainson, 1840. 

Papyridea aspersa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium aspersum Sowerby, 1833: 85; part. C. spinosum auctt. not 

Sowerby, 1805 not Dillwyn, 1817 (Solander MS); part. C. variegatum 

37

auctt. not Sowerby, 1841 not Solancler, 1786; Papyridea bullata californica 

Verrill, 1870: 225. 

5S-31N: 13N. Intertidal +23° +33°C. Recent. 

Papyridea crockeri (Strong & Hertlein, 1937). 

Cardium (Papyridea) crockeri Strong & Hert Lein, 1937: 161, pl. 34, f. 1, 

2, 7, 10. 

23N-28N: 26N. 100-175 m. +17° +26°C. Recent. 

Papyridea mantaensis Olsson, 1961 

Papyridea mantaensis Olsson, 1961: 250, pl. 37, f. 5, a, pl. 38, f. 7. 

4S-17N: 7N. 50-120 m. +16° +27°C. Recent. 

Genus Trachycardium Morch, 1853. 

Subgenus Trachycardium s.s.. 

Trachycardium consors (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium consors Sowerby, 1833: 85; C. (Trachycardium)consors laxum 

Da11, 1901a: 389. 


Subgenus Dallocardia Stewart, 1930. 

Trachycardium quadragenarium (Conrad, 1837). 

Cardium quadragenarium Conrad, 1837: 230, pl. 17, f. 5; ?C. californiatzum 

Conrad, 1837: 229p1. 17, f. 4; C. luteolabrum Gould, 1851: 91; 

C. xanthocheilum Carpenter, I857a: 232 (Gould MS) nom. nud.; C. 

arenatum Carpenter, 1857b: 93; C. quadragenarium fernandoensis 

Arnold, 1907a: 535, p1.48, f. 2. 

32N-37N: 35N. Intertidal-140 m+ 13° +31°C. Miocene. 

Trachycardium senticosum (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium senticosum Sowerby, 1833: 84; C. rastrum Reeve, 1845: 2 

Cardium pl. 16, sp. 82; ?C. lucinoides Carpenter, I857b: 96 nom. itzq. 


Subgenus Mexicardia Stewart, 1930. 

Trachycardium panamense (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium panamense Sowerby, 1833: 85; part. C. procerum auctt. not 

Sowerby, 1833; C. rotundatum Carpenter, 1857a: 247, 307, nom. nud.; 

Carpenter, 1857b: 531 not Dujardin, 1837; Trigotziocardia eudoxia DaII, 

1916a: 31 nom. nud.; 1916b: 412. 


Trachycardium procerum (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium procerum Sowerby, 1833: 83; C. laticostatum Sowerby, 1833: 

85; C. subelongatus Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 17, f. 2; C. 

dulcinea Dall, 1916b: 412; C. parvulum Li, 1930: 529, pl. 3, f. 22. 



Subgenus Phlogocardia Stewart, 1930. 

Trachycardium bekheri (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Cardium belcheri Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 366, pl. 9, f. 3. 

9N-28N: 19N. 80-140 m. +15° +27°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Fraginae Stewart, 1930. 

Genus Americardia Stewart, 1930. 

Americardia biangulata (Sowerby, 1829). 

Cardium biangulatum Sowerby, 1829: 367, f. 2; C. modestum Conrad, 

1855b: 11, pl. 3, f. 15 not Philippi, 1845 (Japan); C. magnificum Carpenter, 

I857a: 187 (Deshayes MS). 

3S-34N: 16N. Intertidal-155 nu+ 14° +31 °C. Pliocene. 

Americardia guanacastense (Hertlein & Strong, 1947). 

Cardiunz (Americardia) guanacastense Hertlein 8z Strong, 1947: 140; 

part.C. unedo auctt. not Linné, 1758 (Indo-Pacific); C. planicostatum 

Sowerby, 1833: 83 not Sedgwick in Murchison, 1829; part. C. tnagnificum 

auctt. not Carpenter, 1857. 

5S-31N: 13N. 10-150 m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Genus Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900. , 

Subgenus Trigoniocardia s.s. 

Trigoniocardia granifera (Broderip 8z Sowerby, 1829). 

Cardium graniferum Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 367; C. alabastrum 

Carpenter, 18576: 94. 

38 



Subgenus Apiocardia Olsson, 1961. 

Trigoniocardia obovalis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium obovale Sowerby, 1833: 84; C. ovuloides Reeve, 1845: 2 

Cardium pl. 22, sp. 126; Hemicardia affinis Nelson, 1870: 204 not 

Cardium affine Münster, 1835; Cardium spiekeri Hanna & Israelsky, 

1925: 62. 

4S-30N: 13N. Intertidal-25 m. +19° +31°C. Miocene. 

Subfamily Protocardiinae Keen, 1951. 

Genus Lophocardium Fischer, 1887. 

Lophocardium annettae (Dall, 1889). 

Cardium (Lophocardium) annettae Dall, 1889b: 13. 


Lophocardium cumingii (Broderip, 1833). 

Cardium cumingii Broderip, 1833: 82. 

6N-17N: 12N. 20-25 m. +20° +28°C. Recent. 

Genus Microcardium Thiele, 1934. 

Microcardium delicatulum (E. A. Smith, 1915). 

Cardium delicatulum E. A. Smith, 1915: 93, pl. 2, f. 9. 


54S. 200 m. + I° +8°C. Recent. 

Microcardium panamensis (Dall, 1908). 

Protocardium panamensis Dall, 1908e: 221, 415, pl. 18, f. I. not 

homonym Cardium panamense Sowerby, 1833; Microcardium williami 

Fischer-Piette, 1977:4. 

7N-8N. 300-350 m. +12° +23°C. Recent. 

Microcardium pazianum (Dall, 1916). 

Protocardia paziana Dall, 1916b: 412. 

8N-28N: 18N. 25-100 m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Genus Nemocardium Meek, 1876. 

Subgenus Keenaea Habe, 1952. 

Nemocardium centifilosum (Carpenter, 1846). 

Cardium (?modestum var) centifilosum Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 624 not 

C. modestum Conrad, 1855 not Philippi, 1845 not Adams & Reeve, 1850; 

C. richardsoni Whiteaves, 1878: 468. 


Subfamily Laevicardiinae Keen, 1936. 

Genus Laevicardium Swainson, 1840. 

Subgenus Laevicardium s.s. 

Laevicardium clarionense (Hertlein & Strong, 1947). 

Cardium (Laevicardium) clarionense Hertlein & Strong, 1947: 144, pl. 

I, f. 5-7, 14. 

9N-27N: 19N. 60-180 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Laevicardium elatum (Sowerby, 1833). 

Cardium elatum Sowerby, 1833: 84, f. 3. 

16N-34N: 25N. Intertidal-5 m. +12° -1- 31°C. Recent. 

Laevicardium elenense (Sowerby, 1841). 

Cardium elenense Sowerby, 1841: 109, pl. 6, f. 58; C. apicinum Carpenter, 

18646: 313; Laevicardium pedernalense Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 60, 

pl. 14, f. 2. 



Laevicardium substriatum (Conrad, 1837). 

Cardium substriatum Conrad, 1837: 228, pl. 17, f. 2 not Orbigny, 1850; 

C. cruentatum Gould in Blake, 1855: 26. 


Subfamily Clinocardiinae Kafanov, I975. 64 

Genus Clinocardium Keen, 1936.

Subgenus Clitzocardium s.s. 

Clinocardium blandum (Gould, 1850). 

Cardium blandum Gould, 1850: 276. 


Clinocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839). 

Cardium californiense Deshayes, 1839: 360 (californianum nom. van. 

auctt.) (Proposed conservation ICZN Kafanov, 1974); C. boreale 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 368 not Reeve, 1845 (Request for suppression 

ICZN Kafanov, 1974); C. pseudofossile Reeve, 1844; 2 Cardium pl. 

10, sp. 52; Clinocardium uchidai Habe, 1955: 11, pl. 2, f. 5, 6; Laevicardium 

interrogatorium Fischer-Piette, 1977: 21, pl. 2, f. 1. 


58N-60N: 59N. 10-100 m. + I° +9°C. Pleistocene. 

Clinocardium fucanum (Dall, 1907). 

Cardium (Cerastoderma) fucanum Dall, 1907a: 112; part. C. califor- 

'dense auctt. not Deshayes, 1839. 

48N-55N: 52N. 20-80 m. +2° + I 1°C. Pleistocene. 

Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). 

Cardium mittallii Conrad, 1837: 229, pl. 17, f. 3 (nuttallianum nom. van. 

auctt.); Cochlea corbis auctt. not Martyn, 1784 (non binom.); part. 

Cardium fimbriata auctt. not Lamarck, 1819 (Indo Pacific). 



Subgenus Ciliatocardiunz Kafanov, 1974. 

Clinocardium ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780). 

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius, 1780: 410; C. islandicum Chemnitz, 1782: 

200 (not binom.); C. edule Mohr, 1786: 128 not Linné, 1758; C. pubescens 

Couthouy, 1838: 60, pl. 3, f. 6; C. arcticum Sowerby, 1841: 106; C. 

dawsoni Stimpson 1862: 58; C. hayesii Stimpson, 1863; 142; C. califortziense 

conzoxensis Dall, 1900b: 1093. 



Genus Serripes Gould, 1841. 

Serripes groenlandicus (Bruguiére, 1789). 

Cardium grônlandicum Bruguiére, 1789: 222, pl. 300, f. 7; Venus islandica 

auctt. not Linné, 1767; Mactra radiata Donovan, 1799: 161; Cardium 

edentula Montagu, 1808: 29; Cardiunz boreale Reeve, 1845: 2 

Cardium pl. 22, sp. 131 not Broderip & Sowerby, 1829; C. fabricii 

Deshayes, 1854: 333; C. (Serripes) notabile Sowerby, 1915: 169, pl. 10, 

f. 9; SetTipes groenlandicus protractus Dall, 1900b: 1112; S.(?) uvutschensis 

Ilyina, 1963: 76, pl. 25, f.5 



Serripes laperousii (Deshaeyes, 1839). 

Cardiunz laperousii Deshayes, 1839: 360; C. (Laevicardium) squalidum 

Yokoyama, 1924: 16, pl. 3, f. I: Serripes kamtschaticus Ilyina, 1963: 

102, pl. 43, f. 2, 3; S. ochotensis Ilyina, 1963: 102, pl. 42, f. I, 2. 


57N-60N: 59N. 15-50 m. + I° +8°C. Pleistocene. 

Superfamily MACIRACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nonz. transi. Dall, 1895 ex Mactracea Gray, 1823 ex mactracees. 

Family Mactridae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Swainson, 1835 pro Mactracea Gray, 1823 ex mactracees. 

Subfamily Mactrinae Lamarck, 1809. 

nonz. transi. H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 ex Mactracea Gray, 1823 ex 

mactracees. 

Genus Harvella Gray, 1853. 

Harvella elegans (Sowerby, 1825). 

Mactra elegans Sowerby, 1825: 11, pl. 1, f. 3; Harvella pacifica Conrad, 

1867b: 192; Raeta maxima Li, 1930; 263, pl. 5, f. 35; Harvella elegans 

tucilla Olsson, 1932: 129, pl. 14, f. 1. 

4S-26N: 11N. 25-70 m. +17° +29°C. Miocene. 

Genus Mactra Linné, 1767. 

Subgenus Mactra s.s. 

Mactra williamsi Berry, 1960. 

Mactre (Mactra) williamsi Berry, 1960: 116, part. M. richmondi auctt. 

flot Dall, 1894 (Atlantic). 

2S-14N: 6N. 10-20 m. +19° +27°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Mactrinula Gray, 1853. 

Mactra goniocytna Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Mactra (Mactrinula) goniocyma Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 84, 90, pl. 15, f. 

5, 6. 

7N-17N: 12N. 30-50 m. +18° +30°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Mactroderma Dall, 1894. 

Mactra paitensis Philippi, 1893. 

Mactra paitensis Philippi, 1893: 12, pl. 3, f. 11; part. Mactra velata 

alien. not Philippi, 1849. 

9S-34S: 2IS. Intertidal. +13° +29°C. Recent. 

Mactra velata Philippi, 1849. 

Mactra velata Philippi, 1849b: 153; part. Mactra paitensis auctt. not 

Philippi, 1893. 


IS-19N-9N. Intertidal. +20° +31C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Mactrotoma Dall, 1894. 

Mactra nasuta Gould, 1851. 

Mactra nasuta Gould, 1851: 88; part. M. falcata auctt. not Gould, 1850; 

M. califontica Reeve,1854: 8 Mactra p1.20, sp. 114 not Conrad, 1837; 

M. hiantina Deshayes, 1855: 68; M. deshayesi Conrad, 1868: 45 flot 

Mayer, 1867; Mactrotonza revellei Durham, 1950: 93, pl. 25, f. 1, S. 6N-34N: 20N. 

Intertidal-80 m. +17° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Micromactra Dall, 1894. 

Mactra angusta Reeve, 1854. 

Mactra angusta Reeve, 1854: 8 Mactra pl. 18, sp. 93 (Deshayes MS); M. 

(Micromactra) atacama Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 73, pl. 14, f. 1,3. 

4S-16N: 6N. Intertidal-30 m. + 1 8 +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Mactra californica Conrad, 1837. 

Mactra califonzica Conrad, 1837: 240, pl. 18, f. 2 not Reeve, 1854; part. 

M falcata auctt. not Gould, 1850; M. ovalina Reeve, 1854: 8 Mactra pl. 

14, sp. 66; part. M. fragilis auctt. not Gray, 1854 (Caribbean). 


Mactra fonsecana Hertlein & Strong, 1950. 

Mactra (Micromactra)fonsecana Hertlein & Strong, 1950: 232, pl. 2, f. 

16, 19, 20; part. M. angusta auctt. not Reeve, 1854. 


Mactra isthmica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Mactra (Micronzactra) isthmica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 89, pl. 15, f. 1, 2, 

pl. 16, f. 5. 

9N—I3N: 11N. Intertidal-15 m. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Mactra vanattae Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Mactra(Micromactra)vanattae Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 90, pl. 16, f. 4, b; 

M. (Micromactra)vanattae acymata Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 90, pl. 16, f. 

I, a. 

9N-13N: IIN. Intertida1-2 m. +21° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Simonzactra Dall, 1894. 

Mactra dolabrifornils (Conrad, 1867). 

Spisula dolabriformis Conrad, 186713; 193. 

9N-33N: 22N. Intertidal-10 m. Recent. 

Mactra hoffstetteri Cauquoin, 1969. 

Mactra (Simonzactra) hoffstetteri Cauquoin, 1969b: 1021. 

IN. Depth unknown. 

Genus Tumbeziconcha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935. 

Tumbeziconcha thracioides (Adams & Reeve, 1848). 

Mactra thracioides Adams & Reeve, 1848: 81, pl. 23, f. 8. 

3S-13N: 5N. 20-40 m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Genus Mactrellona Marks, 1951. 

39

Mactrellona carinata (Lamarck, 1818). 

Mactra carinata Lamarck, 1818: 473; part. M. alata auctt. not Spengler, 

1802 (Caribbean). 


Mactrellona clisia (Dall, 1915). 

Mactrella clisia Dall, 1915c: 62 (clisea nom. van. auctt.). 

2S-27N: I3N. Intertidal. -1-22° +31°C. Recent. 

Mactrellona exoleta (Gray, 1837). 

Mactra exoleta Gray, 1837b: 372; Lutraria ventricosa Gould, 1851: 89 

not Goldfuss, 1840. 



Mactrellona subalata (Morch, 1861). 

Mactra (Mactrella) subalata Morch, 1861: 180; part. Mactra alata auctt 

flot Spengler, 1802 (Caribbean). 

ION: 22N. Intertidal-40 m. +19° +31 °C. Recent. 

Genus Mactromeris Conrad, 1868. 65 

Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860). 

Mactra polynyma Stimpson, 1860:3 (polynympha, polynetna nom. aucit.); 

M. similis Wood, 1828:van. 4, pl. I, f. 5 not Say, Deshayes, 

1832:395 not Gmelin, 1822; M. grandis 1791; M. ovalis Gould, 1841:53 

not Sowerby, 1817; M. ponderosa Philippi, 1844: 165, pl. 1, f. 1 not 

Conrad, 1830 not Eichwald, 1830; Callista voyi Gabb, 1866: 24, pl. 5, f. 

41; Mactra (Spisula) grayana Schrenck, 1867: 572; Spisula (Hetnimactra) 

polynyma alaskana Dall, 1894d:40 nom. and.; S. vladivostokensis 

Bartsch, 1929:139, pl. I, f. 1-7; S. (Mactromeris) voyi korolevae Zhidkova 

in Merklin 1972:140, pl. 24, f. 1,6. 

Northwest Atlantic, North Pacific. 

57N-60N: 58N. Intertidal-110 m 1° +10°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Mulinia Gray, 1837. 

Mulinia bicolor Gray, 1837. 

Mulinia bicolor Gray, 1837b: 375; part. Mactra edulis audit, not King & 

Broderip, 1832; Mulinia exalbida Gray, 1837b: 376; Mactra jonasi 

Philippi, 1893: 9, 11, pl. 3, f. 10. 


Mulinia coloradoensis Dall, 1894. 

Mulinia (Mulinia) coloradoensis Dall, 1894b: 6, pl. 1 (upper); part. 

Mactra exoleta audit, not Gray, 1837; part. Mulinia byronensis alien. not 

Gray, 1837; Mulinia coloradoensis acuta. Dall, 1894b: 6 pl. 1 (lower). 

19N-30N: 25N. Intertidal. +21° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Mulinia coquimbana (Philippi, 1893). 

Mactra coquimbana Philippi, 1893: 10, pl. 2, f. 7; part. M. petiti audit. 

not Orbigny, 1846 (Atlantic);part. M. cleryana auctt. not Orbigny, 1846 

(Atlantic). 


5IS-52S. Intertidal. +1° +9°C. Pleistocene. 

Mulinia edulis (King & Broderip, 1832). 

Mactra edulis King & Broderip, 1832: 335; part. Mulinia byronensis 

audit. not Gray, 1837; part. M. typicans auctt. not Gray, 1837; part. M. 

lateralis Gray, 1837 not Mactra lateralis Sowerby, 1822; Mactra cuneola 

Gould, 1850: 216; M. marcida Gould, 1850: 216; M. antarctica Dunker, 

1850: 30; M. levicardo E. A. Smith, 1881: 39, pl. 5, f. 2; M jousseaumi 

Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 106; M .pencana 

Philippi, 1893:8, pl. 1, f. 2; M. lotensis Philippi, 1893:8, 10, pl. 3, f. 8; 

M. epidertnis Philippi, 1893: 9, pl. 1, f. 3; M. calbucana Philippi, 1893: 

9, pl. 2, f. 5; M. fuegiensis E. A. Smith, 1905: 337, f. 6. 


43S-54S: 49S. Intertidal. +1° +16°C. Pleistocene. 

Mulinia pallida (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Mactra pallida Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 360 (pullata 'Carpenter" 

nom. null. Pilsbry & Lowe, 1931); Mulinia donaciformis Gray, 1837: 

376; M. densata Conrad, 1856: 313; Mactra carinulata Reeve, 1854: 8 

Mactra pl. 10, sp. 38 (Deshayes MS); M. angulata Reeve, 1854: 8 Mactra 

PI. 13, sp. 60 (Gray MS); M. goniata Deshayes, 1854: 70 (Gray MS); M. 

40 

laciniata Carpenter, I856c: 160; M. (Mulinia) bistrigata Morch, 1860: 

182; Mulinia tnodesta Dall, 1894b: 5, pl. 1 (lower) not Carpenter, 1864; 

M. bradleyi Dall, 1894b: 6, pl. 1 (right); Corbula altirostris Li, 1930: 

263, pl. 5, f. 35; Mulinia camina Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 74, p;. 19, f. 6, 

7. 

5S-30N: 13N. Intertidal. +17° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Rangia Desmoulins, 1832. 

Subgenus Rangianella Conrad, 1868. 

Rangia mendica (Gould, 1851). 

Mactra mendica Gould, 1851: 88; Gnathodon trigonum Petit, 1853: 84; 

G. lecontei Conrad, 1853: 273, pl. 24, f. 1, 2. 


Genus Spisula Gray, 1837. 

Subgenus Spisula s.s. 

Spisula adamsi Olsson, 1961. 

Spisula adamsi Olsson, 1961: 326, pl. 57, f. 7, a—c. 

4S-10N: 3N. Intertidal. +23° +32°C. Recent. 

Spisula catilliformis Conrad, 1867. 

Spisula catilliformis Conrad, I867b: 193; part. Mactra californica auctt. 

not Conrad, 1837; Spisula catilliformis alcatrazensis Amold, 1907b: 

437, pl. 56, f. 6; S. mercedensis Packard, 1916: 286, pl. 20. 

30N-34N: 32N. 5-20 m. +11° +28°C. Miocene. 

Spisula hemphillii (Dall, 1894). 

Mactra hemphillii Dall, 1894a: 137, pl. 5, f. 2; Spisula camaronis Dall, 

192lb: 22; S. strongi J. Burch, 1945: 50, pl. 3, f. 35-39. 


Spisula planulata (Conrad, 1837). 

Mactra planulata Conrad, 1837: 240; part. M falcata alien. not Gould, 

1850. 

23N-37N: 30N. Intertida1-95 m. +10° +28°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Symmorphomactra Dall, 1894. 

Spisula falcata (Gould, 1850). 

Mactra falcata Gould, 1850: 216; part. M. planulata audit. not Conrad, 

1837. 


Subfamily Lutrariinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

Genus Tresus Gray, 1853. 

Tresus capax (Gould, 1850). 

Lutraria capax Gould, 1850: 217; part. L. nuttallii auctt. not Conrad, 

1837; L. maxima Middendorff, 1849: 66, pl. 19, f. 1-4 not Jonas, 1844; 

Schizothaerus nuttallii bighopensis Henderson, 1931: 33. 


Tresus nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). 

Lutraria (Cryptodon) nuttallii Conrad, 1837:235, pl. 18, f. 1; L. maxima 

Jonas, 1844: 34 not Middendorff, 1849; part. L. capax attest. not Gould, 

1850; L. inflata Dunker, 1853: 112, L. sieboldtii Reeve, 1854: 8 Lutraria 

pl. 4, sp. 15; L. radiata Yokoyama, 1920: 110 pl. 7, f. Ila,b; Schizothaerus 

nuttallii kissyuensis Hatai, 1941: 109, pl. 3, f. 9; S. keenae 

Kuroda & Habe, 1950: 30. 



Tresus pajaroana auctt.' 

not Venus pajaroana Conrad, I857b: 192, pl. 4, f. 1,2. 

Subfamily Pteropsellinae Dall, 1894. 

nom. subst. Keen, 1969 pro Pteropsinae. 

Genus Anatina Schumacher, 1817. 

Anatina cyprinus (Wood, 1828). 

Mactra cyprinus Wood, 1828: 4, pl. I, f. 1 (Gray MS); part. M. anatina 

audit, not Spengler, 1802 (Atlantic); part. Anatina pellucida auctt. not 

Schumacher, 1817 (Atlantic); part. Labiosa lineata audit, not Say, 1822. 

2S-27N: 13N. 20-50 m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Genus Raeta Gray, 1853.

Raeta undulata (Gould, 1851). 

Lutraria undulata Gould, 1851: 89; Raeta gibbosa Gabb, 1869: 30. 


Subfamily Zenatiinae DaII, 1895. 

Genus Darina Gray, 1853. 

Darien declivis Carpenter, 1864. 

Darien declivis Carpenter, 1864c: 607, 637. 

49N. Extralimital? nom. Mg. Recent. 

DarMa solenoides (King & Broderip, 1832). 

Erycina solenoides King & Broderip, 1832: 335; Luiraria winds Philippi, 1845: 50; 

L. kingi Fischer, 1887: 1119. 


54S. Extralimital? 

Recent. 

Family Mesodesmatidae Gray, 1840. 

nom. correct Dall , 1895 pro Mesodesmidae. 

Subfamily Mesodesmatinae Gray, 1840. 

nom. transi. et correct. Dall, 1895 ex Mesodesmidae. 

Genus Mesodesma Deshayes, 1832. 

Mesodesma donacium Reeve, 1841. 

Mesodesma donacium Reeve, 1841:8 Mesodesma pl. 45, sp. I not 

homonym Mactra donacia Lamarck, 1818; M. lanceolata Deshayes, 

1854: 337; Donacilla chilensis Orbigny, 1856: 530. 

20S-42S: 3I 5 . Intertidal-5 m. +8° +25°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Erviliinae Dall, 1895. 

Genus Ervilia Turton, 1822. 

Ervilia californica Dall, 1916. 

Ervilia californica Dall, 1916a: 40 nom. nud; 1916b: 414. 


Ervilia producta Odhner, 1922. 

Ervilia producta Odhner in Skottsberg, 1922: 222, pl. 8, f. 11, 12. 

33S. 20-35 m. +14° +20°C. Recent. 

Superfamily SOLENACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transl. Tryon, 1884 ex Solenacea Gray, 1823 ex solenacees. 

Family Solenidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Leach, 1823 pro Solenacea Gray, 1823 ex solenacees. 

Genus Solen Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Solen s.s. 

Solen crockeri Hertlein & Strong, 1950. 

Solen crockeri Hertlein & Strong, 1950: 225, pl. 1, f. 3, 5, 7. 

13N. 5-30m. +16° +28°C. Recent. 

Solen gaudichaudi Chenu, 1843. 

Solen gaudichaudi Chenu, 1843: pl. 2. 

24S-33S: 29 5 . Intertidal. +13° +22°C. 

Solen mexicanus Dail, 1899. 

Solen mexicanus Dall, 1899c: 108, 110. 

ION-16N: I3N. 15-40 m. +18° +27°C. Recent. 

Solen oerstedii Morch, 1860. 

Solen oerstedii MOrch, 1860: 183. 


Solen pazensis Lowe, 1935. 

Solen pazensis Lowe, 1935: 17, pl. 1, f. 6. 

16N-29N: 23N. 10-15 m. +17° +29°C. 

Solen pfeifferi Dunker, 1861. 

Solen pfeifferi Dunker, 1861a: 420. 

2S-17N: 7N. 5-25 m. 

Recent. 

Recent. 

+17° +29°C. Recent. 

Solen rosaceus Carpenter, 1864. 

Solen sicarius rosaceus Carpenter, 1864e: 536, 638. 


Solen sicarius Gould, 1850. 

Solen sicarius Gould, 1850: 214. 

33N-56N: 44N. Intertidal-40 m. + I° +22°C. Miocene. 

Subgenus Solena Morch, 1853. 

Solen redis C. B. Adams, 1852. 

Solen rudis C. B. Adams, 1852: 300; part. S. obliquus auctt. not Spengler, 



Family Cultellidae Davies, 1935. 

Genus Ensis Schumacher, 1817. 

Ensis macha (Molina, 1782). 

Solen macha Molina, 1782: 180 (nacha nom. null. (new.); S. scalprum 

King & Broderip, 1832: 335; S. gladiolus Sowerby, 1839: 153, pl. 43, f. 

4; part. S. sicarius auctt . not Gould, 1850; S. poirieri Mabille & Rochebrune 

in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 104. 


33S-54S: 44N. Intertidal. +4° +22°C. Pleistocene. 

Ensis myrae Berry, 1953. 

Ensis myrae Berry, 1953: 398, pl. 29, f. 5, 6; part. E. californicus auctt. 

not Dall, 1899. 

33N-37N: 35N. 5-25 m. +13° +26°C. Recent. 

Ensis nitidus (Clessin, 1888). 

Solen nitidus Clessin in Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 34, pl. 13, f. 2; Ensis 

californicus Dall, 1899e: 108, 110; part. E. minor auctt. not Dall, 1900 

(Atlantic); part. E. myrae auctt. not Berry, 1953. 


Ensis tropicalis Hertlein & Strong, 1955. 

Ensis tropicalis Hertlein & Strong, 1955: 203, pl. 3, f. 34, 35. 

9N-31N: 20N. 10-25 m. +16° +29°C. Recent. 

Genus Siliqua Megerle, 1811. 

Subgenus Siliqua s.s. 

Siliqua alfa (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Solen altus Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 362 (alata nom. null. auctt.); S. 

tennis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 361 not Wood, 1828; S. medius 

Sowerby in Gray, 1839: 153, pl. 47, f. 2; Machaera sodalis Gould, 1861: 

26; Cultellus costatus Sowerby in Reeve, 1874: 19 Cultellus pl. 3, sp. 29 

not Solen costatus Say, 1822 (Atlantic); Siliqua intuspurpurea Pilsbry, 

1905: 118, pl. 3, f. 1. 


60N-72N: 66N. 5-80 m. -2° +7°C. Recent. 

Siliqua lucida (Conrad, 1837). 

Solecurtus lucidus Conrad, 1837: 231, pl. 17, f. 8. 


Siliqua patula (Dixon, 1789). 

Solen patulus Dixon, 1789: 355; S. nzaximus Wood, 1815: 129, pl. 31, f. 

3 not Gmelin, 1791; S. gigas Dillwyn, 1817: 61; Solecurtus nuttallii 

Conrad, 1837: 232, pl. 17, f. 9; Solemya ventricosa Conrad, 1849: 723, 

pl. 17, f. 7, 8; Siliqua californica Conrad, 1867b; 193; S. panda oregoni- 

Ca Dall, 1900b: 957. 


37N-60N: 49N. Intertida1-55 m. +1° +18°C. Miocene. 

Siliqua sloati Hertlein, 1961. 

Siliqua sloati Henlein, 1961: 14, pl. 5, f. 1, 2, pl. 6, f. 4-7. 

35N-60N: 48N. 10-85 m. +3° +20°C. Recent. 

Superfamily TELLINACEA Blainville, 1814. 

nom. transi. Dall, 1895 ex tellinacees. 

Family Tellinidae Blainville, 1814. 

nom. correct. Swainson, 1840 pro tellinacees. 

Subfamily Tellininae Blainville, 1814. 

nom. transi. H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 ex tellinacees. 

Genus Strigilla Turton, 1822. 

Subgenus Strigilla s.s. 

Strigilla chroma Salisbury, 1934. 

Tellina chroma Salisbury, 1934:84; part. Tellina carnaria auctt. not 

41

Linné, 1758 (Atlantic); T. (Strigilla) fitcata Gould, 1851: 91 not Hinds, 

1844; part. Strigilla costulifera auctt. not Morch, 1861. 


Strigilla cicercula (Philippi, 1846). 

Tellina cicercula Philippi, 1846: 19; Strigilla maga Morch, 1861: 189. 


Strigilla dichotoma (Philippi, 1846). 

Tell ma dichotoma Philippi, 1846: 20; part. T. carnaria auctt. not Linné, 

1758 (Atlantic); Strigilla costulifera MOrch, 1861: 189. 

Galapagos Islands, 


Strigilla disjuncta Carpenter, 1856. 

Strigilla disfuncta Carpenter, 1856b: 160; part. S. sincera auctt. not 

Hanley, 1844 (Indo-Pacific). 


Strigilla ervilia (Philippi, 1846). 

TeUlna ervilia Philippi, 1846:20; part. T. pisiformis auctt. not Linné, 

1758 (Caribbean); T. lenticula Philippi, 1846: 19. 

2S-24N: lift Intertidal. +23° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Pisostrigilla Olsson, 1961. 

Strigilla interrupta Morch, 1860. 

Strigilla interrupta MOrch, 1861: 190; part. Tellina pisiformis auctt. not 

Linné, 1758 (Caribbean); part. T. flexuosa auctt. not Say, 1822 not 

Montagu, 1803; Strigilla (Pisostrigilla) pat:metals Olsson, 1961: 390, 

pl. 39, f. 8, a, b. 


Subgenus Simplistrigilla Olsson, 1961. 

Strigilla serrata MOrch, 1860. 

Strigilla serrata MOrch, 1861: 189; S. (Simplistrigilla) strata Olsson, 

1961: 390, pl. 39, f. 7. 

2S-27N: 13N. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Genus Tellidora H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

Tellidora burneti (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Tellina burneti Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 362, pl. 9, f. 2; part. Lucina 

cristata auctt. not Recluz, 1842 (Atlantic). 


Genus Tellina Linné, 1758. 

Sensu lato. 

Tellina laminata Carpenter, 1864. 

Tellina laminata Carpenter, 1864e: 553. 

8N. nom. med. 

Tellina silicula Deshayes, 1855. 

Tellina silicula Deshayes, 1855: 363. 

Extralimital, probably Indo-Pacific. 

Subgenus Angulus Megerle, 1811. 

Tellina amianta Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Moerella) amianta Dall, 1900a: 303, 317, pl. 3, f. 12. 


2S-31N: 15N. 10-40m, +19° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Tellina carpenteri Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Angulus) carpenteri Dall, 1900a: 303, 320; Angulus variegatus 

Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 629 not Tellina variegata Gmelin, 1791 (Atlantic); 

T. (Moerella) arenica Hertlein & Strong, 1949: 68, pl. 1, f. 5, 11. 

12N-57N: 35N. Intertida1-440 m:1-7° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Tellina cerrosiana Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Angulus) cerrosiana Dall, 1900a: 303, 319, pl. 3, f. 11. 

23N-28N: 26N. 15-50m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Tellina chcsocoma Dall, 1908. 

Tellina (Moerella) chrysocoma Dall, 1908e: 221, 420, pl. 10, f. 4, 8. 

42 


0 550m. +9° +11°C. Recent. 

Tellina coani Keen, 1971. 

Tellina (Angulus) coani Keen, 1971: 211, f. 512; ?part. T. carpenteri 

audit. not Dall, 1900. 

24N-31N: 28N. 5-10 m. +22° +31°C. Recent. 

Tellina felix Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina felix Hanley, I844b: 71. 

4S-23N: 10N. 5-25 m. -1-17° +30°C. Recent. 

Tellina guaymasensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Tellina (Angulus) guaymasensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 94, pl. 16, f. 7. 

28N. ?Intertidal. Recent. 

Tellina hiberna Hanley, 1844. 

Tell ma hiberna Hanley, 1844b: 148; part. T. puella audit. not Adams, 

1852 not Hanley, 1845 (Atlantic); T. donacilla Carpenter, I857a: 245; T. 

(Angulus) panamensis Dall, 1900a: 319, pl. 3, f. 3 not Philippi, 1849 not 

Li, 1930; T. tabogensis Salisbury, 1934: 86. 

5S-28N: 12N. 2-55 in. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Tellina meropsis Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Moerella) meropsis Dall, 1900a: 303, 317, 325, pl. 3, f. I; 

Angulus gouldii Carpenter, 1864e: 639, 665 (Hanley MS) not Tellina 

gouldii Hanley in Sowerby, 1846 (Caribbean); T. (Moerella) paziana 

Dall, 1900a: 303, 318, 325, pl. 3, f. 8. 

2S-34N: I6N.(37N) 50-180 m. +10° +24°C. Pleistocene. 

Tellina macneilii Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Angulus) macneilii Dall, 1900a: 303, 318, pl. 3, f. 7. 

ION-28N: I9N. 20-75 m. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Tellina modesta (Carpenter, 1864). 

Angulus modestus Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 639, 681; part. Tellina hiberna 

audit. not Hanley, 1844; ?T. pedroana Conrad in Blake, I 855b: 13 (nom. 

dub.); Angulus modestus obtusus Carpenter, 1864b: 639 not Tellina 

obtusa Sowerby, 1817 (Caribbean); part. Tellina panamensis auctt. not 

Dall, 1900; T. (0 udardia) buttoni Dall, 1900a: 304, 320, 326, pl. 4, f. 12, 

13. 


Tellina recurvata Hertlein & Strong, 1949. 

Tellina (Moere/la) recurvata Hertlein & Strong, 1949: 71, pl. 1, f. 2, 

3,4,8; T. (Angulus) recurva Dall, 1900a: 304, 320, pl. 3, f. 4 not 

Deshayes, 1855 (Indo-Paci fic). 

7N-31N: 19N. 20-50m. +16° +27°C. Recent. 

Tellina straminea Deshayes, 1855. 

Tellina straminea Deshayes, 1855: 363. 

30N. Depth unknown. 

Tell/na subtrigona Sowerby, 1866. 

subtrigona Sowerby, in Reeve, 1866: 14 Tellina pl. 3, sp. 9; part. 

T. rhodora audit, not Hanley, 1844 (Indo-Pacific); T. pue/la C. B. 

Adams, 1852: 507, 546 not Hanley, 1844 (Atlantic); T. (Angulus) 

erythronotus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 94, pl. 12, f. 7; T. pue/la Salisbury, 

1934: 86. 


Tellina suffusa Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Angulus) suffusus Dall, 1900a: 303, 319, pl. 3, f. 10. 

12N-25N: I8N. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Tellina tumbezensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Moerella (Moerella) tutnbezensis Olsson, 1961: 403, pl. 68, f. 5, pl. 69, 

f. 8; part. Tellina pain/la alien. not Hanley, 1844; part. T. (Angulus) 

suffusus auctt. not Dall, 1900. 

3S-4S. Intertidal. +19° +29°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Cadella Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Tellina nuculoides (Reeve, 1854). 

Donax nuculoides Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 8, sp. 59; Maera salmonea 

Carpenter, 1864e: 627, 639. 

32N-60N: 46N. Intertidal-100 m:1-1° +24°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Elliptotellina Cossmann, 1887. 

Recent. 

Tellina pacifica Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Elliptotellina) pacifica Dall, 1900a: 302, 316, pl. 3, f. 9. 

8N-27N: I8N. 5-35 ni. +16° +30°C. Recent.

Subgenus Elpidollina Olsson, 1961. 

Tellina decumbens Caipenter, 1865. 

Angulus amplectans Carpenter, 1864c: 669 nom. nud.; (Tellina)Angulus 

decumbens Carpenter, I865e: 278; Tellina peasii Sowerby, 1868: pl. 49 

f. 288. 

8N-9N. Intertidal-20 m. +25° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Emytellina Fischer, 1887. 

Tellina eburnea Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina eburnea Hanley, 1844b: 61 not preoc. Lightfoot, 1786; T. panamensis 

Li, 1930: 262, pl. 5, 32 not Da11, 1900; T. liana Hertlein & 

Strong, 1945: 105; T. (Eurytellina) lima Hertlein & Strong, 1945: 105; T. 

(Eurytellina)eburnea askoyana Hertlein & Strong, 1955: 197, pl. 3, f. 2, 

13-15, 20, 21, 23. 

5S-14N: 4N. 5-40 m. + 19° +29°C. Recent. 

Tellina ecuadoriana Pislbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Tellina (Eurytellina) ecuadoriana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 67, pl. 15, f. 

6-8. 


Tellizza hertleini (Olsson, 1961). 

Eurytellina (Eurytellina) hertleini Olsson, 1961: 393, pl. 68, f. 6, pl. 71, 

f. 2, a; Tellina laceridens Hanley, 1846b: pl. 61, f. 176 not Hanley, 1844; 

part. T. planulata auctt. not Sowerby, 1867. 

3S-13N: 5N. Intertidal-20 m. +17. +31°C. Recent. 

Tellina inaeguistriata Donovan, 1802. 

Tellina inaequistriata Donovan, 1802: pl. 123; part. T. sanguinea 

not Wood, 1815; T. gemma Gould, 1853: 399, pl. 16, f. 5; T. (Eurytellina) 

leucogonia Dall, 1900a: 317, pl. 4, f. 5. 


Tellina laceridens Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina laceridens Hanley, 1844b: 61 not Hanley, 1846; part. T. eburnea 

auctt. not Hanley, 1844; part. T. plalzulata auctt. not Sowerby, 1867. 


Tellina laplata Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Tellina (Eurytellina) laplata Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 67, pl. 15, f. 1-5. 

55-65 . Intertidal. +18° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Tellina mantaensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943. 

Tellina(Eurytellina)nzantaensisPilsbry & Olsson, 1943: 80, pl. 8, f. 1-4. 

11S-9N: IS. Intertidal. +22° +31°C. Recent. 

Tellina prora Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina prora Hanley, 1844b: 61; part. T. cibaoica auctt. not Maury, 

1917. 


Tellina regia Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina regia Hanley, 1844b: 61. 

8N-12N: ION. 10-20 m. +18° +30°C. Recent. 

Tellizza rubescens Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina rubescens Hanley, 18446: 60 (pubescens nom. null. auctt.); part. 

T. punicea auctt. not Born, 1778 (Atlantic). 


Tellina simulans C. B. Adams, 1852. 

Tellina simulans C. B. Adams, 1852: 508; part. T. punicea auctt. not 

Born, 1778 (Atlantic); part. T. rubescens auctt. not Hanley, 1844. 


Subgenus Hertellina Olsson, 1961. 

Tellina nicoyana Hertlein & Strong, 1949. 

Tellina (Scissula) nicoyana Hertlein & Strong, 1949: 85, pl. I, f. 23-26; 

Sanguinolaria panamensis Dall MS. 

4S-10N: 3N. 20-65 m. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Laciolina Iredale, 1937. 

Tellina ochracea Carpenter, 1864. 

Tellina (Peronaeoderma) ochracea Carpenter, 1864b: 311. 

23N-31N; 27N. Intertidal-80 m. +22° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Lyratellina Olsson, 1961. 

Tellina lyra Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina lyra Hanley, 1844b: 68. 

4S-24N: ION. 15-30 m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

TeMna lyrica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Tellina (Macaliopsis) lyrica Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 94, pl. 10, f. 4, a. 


Subgenus Megatzgulus Afshar, 1969. 

Tellina Mtea Wood, 1828. 

Tellina haea Wood, 1828: 3, pl. 1, f. 3; T. alternidentata Broderip & 

Sowerby, 1829: 363; T. guildfordiae Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834: 

600; part. T. venulosa auctt. not Schrenck, 1861; T. alternata chibana 

Yokoyama, 1922: 140, pl. 10, f. 5, 6; T. venulosa zyonoensis Matai & 

Nishiyama, 1939: 150, pl. 9, f. 3. 

Chukchi Sea and Northwest Pacific. 

60N-72N: 66N. Intertidal-100 in:— 1° +7°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Merisca Dall, 1900. 

TeMpa brevirostris Deshayes, 1855. 

Tellina brevirostris Deshayes, 1855: 362. not preoc. Oken, 1815 (not 

binom.); part, T. reclusa auctt. not Dall, 1900; T. brevicornuta Salisbury, 

1934: 84; Merisca margarita Olsson, 1961: 383, pl. 70, f. 5, a. 

9N-14N: I2N. 10-40 m. +20° +29°C. Recent. 

Tellina reclusa Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Merisca) reclusa Dall, 1900a: 301, 315, pl. 3, f. 2; part. T. 

brevirostris auctt. not Deshayes, 1855. 



Tellina rhynchoscuta (Olsson, 1961). 

Merisca rhynchoscuta Olsson, 1961: 382, pl. 70, f. 3, a, b; part. Tellina 

cristallina alien. not Spengler, 1798 (crystallina nom. van. auctt.) 

(Caribbean). 


Tellina ulloana Hertlein, 1968. 

Tellina ulloana Hertlein, 1968:80; part. T. declivis auctt. not Sowerby, 

1868 not Conrad, 1834; part. T. proclivis auctt. not Hertlein & Strong, 

1949. 

8N-25N: I7N. 25-50 m. +20° +30°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Moerella Fischer, 1887. 

Tellina pumila Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina pumila Hanley, 1844b: 69. 

33 5-475: 40S. 10-55 m. +9° +24°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Peronidia Dall, 1900. 

TeMna bodegensis Hinds, 1845. 

Tellina bodegensis Hinds, 1845:67, pl. 21, f. 2; T. santarosae Dall, 

1900a: 305, 325, pl. 3, f. 6, pl. 4, f. I, 2; ?T. callamensis Reagan, 1908: 

186, pl. 3, f. 4. 

25N-57N: 41N. Intertidal-100 m.+4° +28°C. Miocene. 

Subgenus Phyllodella Schumacher, 1817. 

Tellina insculpta Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina insculpta Hanley, 18446: 70. 

2S—I4N; 6N. 5-30 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Phyllodina Dall, 1900. 

Tellina fluctigera Dall, 1908. 

Tellina (Phyllodina) fluctigera Dall, 1908e: 221, 419. 

4S-8N: 2N. 45-333 m. +12° +25°C. Recent. 

Tellina pristipl:ora Dall, 1900. 

Tellina (Phyllodina) pristiphora Dall, 1900a: 302, 316, pl. 4, f. 14. 

ION-28N: 19N. 20-155 m. + le +26°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Scissula Dall, 1900. 

Tellina delicatula Deshayes, 1855. 

Tellina delicatula Deshayes, 1855: 363. 


43

Tellina esmeralda (Olsson, 1961). 

Moerella (Scissula) esmeralda Olsson, 1961: 407, pl. 68, f. 11, pl. 72, f. 

5. 

IN. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Tellina varilineata Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943. 

Tellina (Scissula) varilineata Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943: 79, pl. 8, f. 6. 

4S-10N: 3N. 5-10m, +19° +30°C. Recent. 

Tellina virgo Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina virgo Hanley, 1844: 143; T. deshayesii Carpenter, 1856e: 160 not 

Hanley, 1844 (Red Sea). 

4S-25N: I IN. Intertidal-15 m. +18° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Scutarcopagia Pilsbry, 1918. 

Tellina scobinata Linné, 1758. 67 

Tellina scobinata Linné, 1758: 676. 

Extralimital. 

Subgenus Tellinella MOrch, 1853. 

Tellina cumingii Hanley, 1844. 

Telling cumingii Hanley, 1844b:59; part. T. interrupta auctt. not Wood, 

1815 (Atlantic); T. (Tellina) argis Olsson in Bayer & Voss, 1971: 40, f. 

4-6. 


Tellina idae Dall, 1891. 

Tellina idae Dall, 1891: 183, 191, pl. 6, f. 3, pl. 7, f. 1, 4. 

33N-34N. Intertidal-100 m71-8° +25°C. Miocene. 

Tellina virgata Linné, 1758. 68 

Tellina virgata Linné, 1758: 674. 

Extralimital. 

Tellina zacae Hertlein & Strong, 1949. 

Tellina (Tellinella) zacae Hertlein &Strong, 1949:65. pl. 1, f. 12, 13, 17. 

27N-29N: 28N. 60-165 m. +23° +29°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Tellinidella Hertlein & Strong, 1949. 

Tellina mompichensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Tellinidella mompichensis Olsson, 1961: 400, pl. 72, f. 3. 

45-1N: 2S. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Tellina princeps Hanley, 1844. 

Tellina princeps Hanley, I844b:62. 

4S-9N: 2N, Intertidal. +21 0 +32°C. Recent. 

Tellina purpurea (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Tellinides purpureus Broclerip & Sowerby, 1829: 363; part. Tellina 

purpurascens alien. not Gmelin, 1791; T. broderipii Carpenter, 18576: 

32 (Deshayes MS). 


Subfamily Macominae Olsson, 1961. 

Genus Cymatoica Dall, 1890. 

Cymatoica undulata (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina undulata Hanley, 18446:72; Cymatoica occidentalis Dall, I890a: 

272, pl. 10, f. 11. 


2S-24N: 13N. 5-40m. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Genus Leporimetis Iredale, 1930. 

Leporimetis asthenodon (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Apolymetis asthenodon Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 96, pl. 11, f. 1-3. 

4S-13N: 5N. 10-20 m. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Leporimetis cognata (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1902). 

Lutricola cognata Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1902: 556, pl. 35, f. 5; part. 

Apolymetis excavata auctt. not Tellina excavata Sowerby, 1867; Apolymetis 

clarki Durham, 1950: 90, pl. 24, f. 12, pl. 25, f. 14. 



Leporimetis dombei (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina dombei Hanley, 1844b: 144; Scrobicularia producta Carpenter, 

44 

1856b: 230; T. excavata Sowerby in Reeve, 1867: 17 Tellina pl. 26, f. 

138. 

4S-9N: 3N. 10-30 m. +21 0 +30°C. Recent. 

Leporimetis obesa (Deshayes, 1855). 

Tellina obesa Deshayes, 1855: 354; T. alta Conrad, 1837: 258 not 

Conrad, 1833; Scrobicularia biangulata Carpenter, 1856b: 230 (biangularis 

nom. van. auctt.); ?Arcopagia medialis Conrad, 1857: 314; Tellina 

turgida Deshayes, 1855: 354. 

25N-35N: 30N. Intertidal-50 in. +17° +30°C. Miocene. 

Genus Macalia H. Adams, 1860. 

Macalia californiensis (Bertin, 1878)." 

Maconta californiensis Bertin, 1878: 345, pl, 8, f. 2e, b. 

Extralimital. 

Genus Macoma Leach, 1819. 

Subgenus Macoma sa. 

Macoma balthica (Linné, 1758). 

Tellina balthica Linné, 1758: 677; T. soliduM Pulteney, 1799: 29; T. 

petalum Valenciennes in Humboldt & Bonpland, 1832: 222, pl. 48, f. 2a, 

b; T. inconspicua Broderip &Sowerby, 1829: 363; Sanguinolaria californiana 

Conrad, 1837: 231, pl. 17, f. 7; Tellina solidula normalis Middendorff, 

1851: 262; T. californica Carpenter, 1857a: 195, 211, 302, 

nommud.; Carpenter, 1864: 532 (Conrad MS); T. rotundata Sowerby, 

1867: pl. 27, f. 146 not Montagu, 1803; T. rotunda Salisbury, 1934: 87; 

Macoma(Macoma) balthica takahokoensis Yammamoto & Habe, 1959: 

105. 


38N-70N: 54N. Intertidal-40 in. 0° + 22°C. Pleistocene. 

Macoma brûla Dall, 1916. 

Macoma brota Dall, I916a: 36 nom. nud.; 19166: 413; Tellina edentula 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 363 not Spengler, 1798. 

Arctic Ocean, circumboreal. 

48N-7IN: 60N. 10-260 m. —2° +16°C. Pliocene. 

Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791). 

Tellina calcarea Gmelin, 1791: 3236 (ex Chemnitz, 1782); T. lata Gmelin, 

1791: 3237 (ex Lister, 1687); T. proxima Sowerby in Gray, 1839: 

154, pl. 44, f. 4 (Brown MS); T frigida Hanley, 1844: 143; T. lata na.suta 

Middendorff, 1849: 578 not T. nasuta Conrad, 1837; T. dissimilis Martens, 

1865: 430, pl. 3, f. 16 not Deshayes, 1854; Macoma sitkana Dall, 

1900a: 307, 323, 326, pl. 4, f. 6, 7; M. calcarea obliqua Soot-Ryen, 

1932: 15, 36, pl. 2, f. 4-6; not M . obliqua Sowerby, 1817; M.calcarea 

longisinuata Soot-Ryen, 1932: 17, 36, pl. 2, f. 1-3; M. calcarea sootryeni 

Petrov, 1966: 230 (Scarlato MS). 


47N-71N: 59N. Intertidal-320 m,2° +15°C. ?Oligocene. 

Macoma crassula (Deshayes, 1855). 

Tellina crassula Deshayes, 1855: 354; Macoma inflata Dawson, 1872: 

377, pl. 5, f. 5 (Stimpson MS); Tell/na (Macoma) torelli Jensen, 1905: 

34, 52, pl. I, f. 3a—i (Steenstrup MS); Macoma nipponica Tokunaga, 

1906: 44, pl. 2, f. 35a,b. 

Arctic Ocean, circumborcal. 

60N-71N: 66N. 15-165 in. —2° +7°C. Pleistocene. 

Macoma eliminata Dunnill & Coan, 1968. 

Macoma eliminata Dunnill & Coan, 1968: 1, f. 2-6; part. Tel/ma calcarea 

alien. not Gmelin, 1791. 

34N-60N: 46N. 5-435 in. + I° +26°C. Pleistocene. 

Macoma lipara Dall, 1916. 

Macotna brota lipara Dall, 1916a: 36 nom. nud.; 1916b: 414. 

39N-60N: 50N. 20-260 m. 0° +22°C. Recent. 

Macoma lama Bartsch, 1929. 

Macoma lama Bartsch, 1929: 133, pl. 2, f. 8-14; part. M. carlottensi.s 

alien. not Whiteaves, 1880; M. planiuscula Grant & Gale, 1931: 372, 

908, 922, pl. 14, f. 11, pl. 20, f. 8.

Chukchi Sea. 

53N-71N: 62N. Intertidal-185 m7-.3° + I4°C. Recent. 

Macoma loveni (Jensen, 1905). 

Tellina (Macoma) loverzi Jensen, 1905:45, pl. 1, f. 5a—h (SteenstntpMS). 

Panarctic, Northwest Pacific. 

70N-71N. 4-820 m. —3° +9°C. Recent. 

Macoma middendorffi DaII, 1884. 

Maconza (edentula?) middendorffi DaII, 1884b: 347 (middendorffii nom. 

van.auctt .); part. Tellina edentula auctt. not Broderip & Sowerby, 1829. 


58N-71N: 65N. 25-35 m. —2° +10°C. Recent. 

Macoma moesta (Deshayès, 1855). 

Tellina moesta Deshayes, 1855: 361; Macoma alaskana Dall, 1900a: 

309, 323, 325, pl. 3, f. 5;M. krauseiDall, 1900a: 307, 322, 326, pl. 4, f. 

8; part. Tellina lutea auctt. not Wood, 1828; Macoma oneilli Dall, 1919b: 

4A, 12A, 16A, 20A, pl. 2, f. 1. 



Macoma obliqua (Sowerby, 1817). 

Tell ma obliqua Sowerby, 1817: 137, pl. 161, f. 1 not Wood, 1815 (ICZN 

op. 948 nom. conser v.); part. T. bruguieri auctt. not Hanley, 1844 

(Japan); part. T. incongrua auctt. not Martens, 1865 (Japan). 


46N-71N: 59N. Intertidal-200 m 3° + 16°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Heteromacoma Habe, 1952. 

Macoma inquinata (Deshayes, 1855). 

Tell ma inquinata Deshayes, 1855: 357; part. T. irus auctt. not Hanley, 

1845; Macoma inquinata arnheimi Dall, 1916a: 36 nom. nud.; 1916b: 

414. 



Macoma nasuta (Conrad, 1837). 

Tellina nasuta Conrad, 1837: 258; T. tersa Gould, 1853: 408; Macoma 

kelseyi Dall, 1900b: 1052, 1622, pl. 49, f. 7. 


Subgenus Macoploma Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Macoma medioamericana Olsson, 1942. 

Macoma (Macoploma) medioamericana Olsson, 1942; 196, pl. 17, f. 8. 


Subgenus Psammacoma Dall, 1900. 

Macoma acolasta Dall, 1921. 

Macoma acolasta Dall, 1921: 21; M. nzorroensis J. Burch, 1945: 30, pl. 

2, f. 46, 47. 


Macoma carlottensis Whiteaves, 1880. 

Macoma carlottensis Whiteaves in Dawson, 1880: 196B, text f. 1; M. 

infiatula Dall, 1897a: 11, pl. 1, f. 19, 20; M. quadrana Dall, 19I6a: 37 

nom. nud,; 1916b; 414. 

Northwest Pacific , 

32N-58N: 45N. 5-1547 m. +2° +16°C. Recent. 

Macoma elytrum Keen, 1958. 

Macoma (Psammacoma) elytrum Keen, 1958: 244, pl. 30, f. 14; Tellina 

elongata Hanley, 18446: 144 not Dillwyn, 1823 (Solander MS). 

1S-31N: 15N. 20-110m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Macoma grandis (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina grandis Hanley, 1844b: 141 (grande 110171. van. alien.) 


4S-23N: ION. 20-90 m. +16° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Maconza hesperus Dall, 1908. 70 

Macoma (Psammacoma) hesperus Dall, 1908e: 221, 421. 

7N. 333 m. Extralimital? Recent. 

Macoma inornata (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina inomata Hanley, 18446:144; ?Sanguinolaria antarctica Mabille 

& Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 105; Macoma hupeana 

Dall, 1908e: 421. 


42S-54S: 48S. 35-120m. +2° +14°C. Recent. 

Macoma lamproleuca (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Tellina lamproleuca Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 93, pl. 11, f. 6, 7; part. T. 

elongata auctt. not Hanley, 1844: 144; Maconza parthenopa Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932: 144 (fig. caption). 


Macoma leptonoidea Dall, 1895. 

Macoma leptonoidea Dall, 1895b:33. 

34N. 483-594m. +6° + 11°C. Recent. 

Macoma siliqua (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Tellina siliqua C. B. Adams, 1852: 546; Thracia carnea Morch, 1861: 

180; Macoma (Psammacoma) panamensis Dall, 1900a: 310, 324, pl. 4, f. 

3;M. (Psammacoma)siliqua spectri Hertlein & Strong, 1949:91, pl. 1, f. 

9, 10, 16. 

9N-31N: 20N. 20-150m. +14° +31°C. Recent. 

Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter, 1864. 

Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 611, 639. 


Subgenus Rexithaerus Tryon, 1869. 

Macoma dexioptera Baxter, 1977. 

Macoma dexioptera Baxter, 1977:272, f. I, 2, 7, 8, 10, 12. 


Macoma expansa Carpenter, 1864. 

Maconza expansa Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 639; M. liotricha Dall, 1897: 

12, pl. I, f. 21. 

35N-60N: 48N. Intertidal-30 m. —2° +25°C. Pleistocene. 

Macoma indentata Carpenter, 1864. 

Macoma indentata Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 639; M. (Rexithaerus) indentata 

tenuirostris Dall, I900a: 309, 324; M. (Rexithaerus) rickettsi 

Steinbeck & Ricketts, 1941: 510 nom. nud. (Rehder MS). 

28N-41N: 35N. Intertidal-100 m:1-5° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Macoma secta (Conrad, 1837). 

Tellina secta Conrad, 1837: 257; T. ligamentina Deshayes 1843: pl. 81; 

Macoma secta edulis Carpenter, 1860:2 nom. turd. (Nuttall MS); 1864e: 526, 600, 639. 


Genus Psammotreta Dall, 1900. 

Subgenus Psammotreta s.s. 

Psammotreta aurora (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina aurora Hanley, 1844b: 147; T. concinna Philippi, 1844: 123 not 

Edwards, 1847 not C. B. Adams, 1852; T. panamensis Philippi, 1844: 

175. 



Psammotreta gubernacuhun (Hanley, 1844). 71 

Tellina gubernaculum Hanley, 1844b: 142;pnrt. Macoma pacis auctt. not Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932. 

Extralimital. Indo-Pacific. 

Psammotreta mazatlanica (Deshayes, 1855). 

Tellina nzazatlanica Deshayes, 1855: 359 (mazatlandica nom. null. 

Carpenter, 1857). 

1S-23N: 11N. 20-30m. +19° +29°C. Recent. 

Psammotreta plebia (Hanley, 1844). 72 

Tellina plebia Hanley, 1844b: 147. 

Extralimital. 

Psammotreta pura (Gould, 1853). 

Tellina pura Gould, 1853: 398, pl. 16, f. 3. 


45

Psammotreta viridotincta (Carpenter, 1856). 

Scrobicularia viridotincta Carpenter, 1856c: 160 (viriditincta nom. null. 

auctt.); Tellina casta Hanley, 18446: 63 not Psammobia casta Reeve, 

1857; Macoma pacis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 95, pl. 10, f. 1-3. 


Subgenus Ardeamya Olsson, 1961. 

Psammotreta columbiensis (Hanley, 1844). 

Tellina columbiensis Hanley, I844b: 71. 


Genus Temnoconcha Dall, 1921. 

Temnoconcha cognata (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Tellina Cognata C. B. Adams, 1852: 503, 545; T. concinna C. B. Adams, 

1852: 504, 546 flot Philippi, 1844; Psammobia casta Reeve, 1857: 10 

Psammobia pl. 8, sp. 55 not Tellina casta Hanley, 1844; Tellina 

tenuilineata Li, 1930: 262, pl. 5, f. 33. 

4S-23N: ION. 5-75 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Family Scrobiculariidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

Genus Abra Lamarck, 1818. 

Subgenus Abra s.s. 

Abra californica Knudsen, 1970. 

Abra californica Knudsen, 1970:103, text-f. 64. 

45N-51N: 48N. 2835-3932 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Abra profundorum (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Semele (Abra) profundorum E. A. Smith, 1885: 88, pl. 5, f. 5, b. 


45N-52N: 48N. 3000-3200 m. +2° +3 °C. Recent. 

Sensu loto. 

Abra palmeri Dall, 1915. 

Abra palmeri Dall, 1915a: 28. 

9N-29N: 19N. 30-165 m. +10° +27°C. Recent. 

Abra tepocana Dall, 1915. 

Abra tepocana Dall, 1915a: 28. 

29N-31N: 30N. 20-30 m. +24° +30°C. Recent. 

Genus Cumingia Sowerby, 1833. 

Cumingia adamsi Olsson, 1961. 

Cumingia adamsi Carpenter, 1864a: 367 nom. nud.; C. adamsi Olsson, 

1961: 372, pl. 67, f. 62. 


Cumingia californica Conrad, 1837. 

Cumingia californica Conrad, 1837: 234, pl. 17, f. 12; part . C. lamellosa 

auctt. not Sowerby, 1833; C. tellinides Sowerby in Reeve, 1874: 1 9 

Cumingia pl. 1, sp. I; C. densilineata Dall, 1921b: 22. 


Cumingia lamellosa Sowerby, 1833. 

Cumingia lamellosa Sowerby, 1833: 34; C. coarctata Sowerby, 1833: 

34; C. trigonularis Sowerby, 1833: 35; C. similis A. Adams, 1850b: 24, 

PL 8, f. 4; C. moulinsii Folin, 1867: 16, pl. 2, f. 12-15. 


Cumingia mutica Sowerby, 1833. 

Cumingia mutica Sowerby, 1833: 34; C. fragilis A. Adams, 1850: 24, pl. 

8, f. 4; C. striata A. Adams. 1850: 25, pl. 8, f. 5; C. clerii A. Adams, 

1850b: 24, pl. 8, f. 3; C. grandis Deshayes, 1857: 281, pl. 8, f. 4, 5; C. 

ventricosa Sowerby in Reeve, 1873: 15 Cumingia pl. 2, sp. 10. 

1S-42S: 21S. Intertida1-25 m. +9° +28°C. Recent. 

Cumingia pacifica (Dall, 1915). 

Abra pacifica Dall, 1915a: 28. 


Genus Leptomya A. Adams, 1864. 

Leptomya ecuadoriana Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Leptomya ecuadoriana Soot-Ryen, 1957b: 10, f. 2; L. atnericana Keen, 

1958: 246, pl. 30, f. 9, 10, pl. 31, f. 3, 5, 6. 


46 

Genus Semele Schumacher, 1817. 

Semele bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Amphidesma bicolor C. B. Adams, 1852: 288; A. striosum C. B. Adams, 

1852: 291; A. ventricosum C. B. Adams, 1852: 292; Semele fucata 

MOrch, 1860: 190. 

8N-24N: I6N. Intertidal. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Semele californica (Reeve, 1853). 

Atnphidestna californien Reeve, 1853: 8 Amphidesma pl. 8,sp. 19 (A. 

Adams MS). 


Semele clydosa nom. nov.' 

Anzphidesma punetatum Sowerby, 1833: 200 not A. punctata Say, 1822 

(Atlantic). 


0-1S. Intertidal-5 m. +15° +27°C. Recent. 

Setnele corrugata (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma corrugaitan Sowerby, 1833: 200. 

2S-45S: 24S. Intertidal—IO m. +8° +21°C. Pleistocene. 

Semele craneana Henlein & Strong, 1949. 

Semele craneana Hertlein & Strong, 1949: 241, pl. 1, f. 19. 22. 

18N-26N: 22N. 80-90 m. +13° +27°C. Recent. 

Semele decisa (Conrad, 1837). 

Amphidestna decisum Conrad, 1837: 239, pl. 19, f. 2 S'emele dehiscens 

nom. null. [Hartmann, 1963]; A . rubrolitzeata Conrad, 1837: 239, pl. 18, 

f. II; Semele rubrotineta Carpenter, 1857b: 284, 352 (Conrad MS) nom. 

null 

25N-33N: 29N. intertidal-50 m. +I I' +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Semele elliptica (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma ellipticum Sowerby, 1833: 200 not Koch & Dunker, 1837. 

20S-10N: 5S. Intertidal—IO m. +Il° +26°C. Recent. 

Semele jlavescens (Goulcl, 1851). 

Amphidesma (Semele) flavescens Gould, 1851: 89 (flavicans nom. null. 

auctt.); A. proximum C. B. Adams, 1852: 547. 

2S-30N: I4N. Intertidal. -1-19° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Semele formosa (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma jbrtnosum Sowerby, 1833: 199. 

2S-31N: I5N. Intertidal—IO m. +24° +30°C. Accent. 

Semele guaymasensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Senzek guaymasensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 92, pl. 12, f. 8, 9. 

24N-31N: 28N. 5-40 m. +22° +31°C. Recent. 

Semele incongrua Carpenter, 1864. 

Semele incongrua Carpenter, 1864c: 611, 640; S. pulchra montereyi 

Arnold, 1903: 392, pl. 15, f. 3, a. 

28N-37N: 33N. 5-200 m. -1-14° +29°C. Pleistocene. 

Semele jovis (Reeve, 1853). 

Amphidesma jovis Reeve, 1853: 8 Amphidesma pl. 5, sp. 34; ?Tellina 

(Merisca) lamellata Carpenter, I857b: 37; T. barbame Boone, 1928: 9, 

pl. I. 


Semele junonia Verrill, 1870. 

Semele junonia Verrill, 1870: 217; part. Amphidesma rosea alleu. not 

Sowerby, 1833. 

24N-28N: 26N. 5-15 m. +21 0 +30°C. Recent. 

Semele laevis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma laevis Sowerby, 1833: 199. 

4S-13N: 5N. 15-30 m. -1-19° +29°C. Pliocene. 

Semele lenticularis (Sowerby, 1833). 

Atnphidesma lenticularis Sowerby, 1833: 200. 


Semele mediamericana Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 7' 

Semele mediumericann Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 92, pl. 12, f. 1, a, b. 

,Extralimital. 

Semele pacifica Dall, 1915. 75 

Semele pacifica Dall, 1915a: 27; Semele jaramija Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 

70, pl. 17, f. 5. 

9N-31N: 20N. Intertidal-40 m. +18° +31°C. Pliocene.

Semele pallida (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma pallidum Sowerby, 1833: 199. 

1S-2S. Intertidal-10 rn. +19° +31°C. 

Sande paziana Hertlein & Strong, 1949. 

Semele paziana Hertlein & Strong, 1949: 274; S. regularis Dall, 1915a: 

not S. (Abra) regularis E. A. Smith, 1885 (Indian Ocean). 

27 

24N. 18-55 m. +19° +28°C. Recent. 

Semek pilsbryi Olsson, 1961. 

Semele pilsbryi Olsson, 1961: 368, pl. 65, f. 6, a. 


Semele pulchra (Broderip & Sowerby, 1832). 

Amphidesma pulchrum Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 57; Semele quentinensis 

Dall, 1921: 22. 


4S-35N: I5N. Intertidal-50 m. +17° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Semek rosea (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma roseum Sowerby, 1833: 199; Semele tabogensis Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932: 91, pl. 12, f. 5, a, b. 


Semek rubropicta Dall, 1871. 

Semele rubropicta Dall, 1871: 144, pl. 14, f. 10; part. Amphidesma 

rubrolineatum alien. not Conrad, 1837. 

28N-60N: 44N. Intertidal-100 m.+2° +20°C. Pleistocene. 

Semele rupicola Dall, 1915. 

Semele rupicola Dall, 1915a: 26; part. Amphidesma rupium auctt. not 



Semele rupium (Sowerby, 1833). 

Amphidesma rupium Sowerby, 1833: 199; Semele floreanensis Soot- 

Ryen, 1931: 314, 322, pl. 2, f. 11, 12. 


Recent. 

IS-1N. Intertidal. +18° +27°C. Recent. 

Semele simplicissirna Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Semele simplicissima Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 93, pl. 12, f. 6, a. 

17N-27N: 22N. 20-110m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Semele solida (Gray, 1828). 

Amphidesma souda Gray, 1828: 6; A. croceunz Gould, 1850: 218; part. 

A. orbiculare auctt. not Hupé in Gay, 1854; part. Semele sparsilineata 



Semele sowerbyi Lamy, 1912. 

Semele sowerbyi Lamy, 1912a: 165; Amphidesnza purpurascens Sowerby, 

1833: 199 not Venus purpurascens Gmelin, 1791. 


Semek sparsilineata Dall, 1915. 

Semele sparsilineata Dall, 1915a: 26; part. Amphidesma purpurascens 

alien. not Sowerby, 1833 not Venus purpurascens Gmelin, 1791. 


Semele tortuosa (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Amphidesma tortuosum C. B. Adams, 1852: 515, 547; Semele planata 

Carpenter, 1856b: 160. 


Semele venusta (Reeve, 1853). 

Amphidesma venusta Reeve, 1853:8 Amphidesma pl. 1, sp. 3 (A. Adams 

MS). 


Semele verrucosa Morch, 1860. 

Semele (Amphidesma) verrucosa MOrch, 1869: 190; S. margarita 

Olsson, 1961: 370, pl. 66, f. 3. 

8N-12N: ION. Intertidal-15 m. +18° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Semele verruculastra Keen, 1966. 

Semele verruculastra Keen, 1966: 32; S. (Amphidesma) verrucosa auctt. 

not My:Itch, 1860. 

9N-29N: 19N. Intertidal. +19° +31 °C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Semelina Dall, 1900. 

Semelina nuculoides (Conrad, 1841). 76 

Amphidesma nuculoides Conrad in Hodge, 1841: 347 not Semele nuculoidea Dall, 

1900. 

Extralimital. Recent. 

Semelina subquadrata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Montacuta subquadrata Carpenter, I857b: 113; part. Amphidesma nuculoides 

alien. not Conrad, 1841. 

4N-30N: 17N. Intertidal-10 m. +17 ° +31 °C. Recent. 

Genus Theora H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856. 

Subgenus Endopleura A. Adams, 1864. 

Theora lubrica Gould, 1861. 77 

Theora lubrica Gould, 1861: 24. 


34N. 4-10m. Recent. 

Family Psammobiidae Fleming, 1828. 

nom. correct. Fischer, 1887 pro Psammobiadae. 

Subfamily Psammobiinae Fleming, 1828. 

nom. transi. E. A Smith, 1885 ex Psammobiidae. 

Genus Gari Schumacher, 1817. 

Subgenus Gobraeus Brown, 1844. 

Gari californica (Conrad, 1837). 

Psammobia califontica Conrad, 1837: pl. 19, f. 3; Sanguinolaria rubroradiata 

Carpenter, 1857a: 212 (Nuttal MS); "Conrad" nom. nud.; Psammobia 

kazusensis Yokoyama, 1922: 136, pl. 9, f. 4; P. lilacina nom. n id. 

(Carpenter MS, cited by Palmer, 1958 from Wilkins letter: 113) 


25N-60N: 43N. Intertidal-170 m.+6° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Gari crassa (Hupé in Gay, 1854). 

Psammobia crassa Hupé in Gay, 1854: 354, pl. 7, f. 4; P. solida Philippi, 

1844: 97, pl. 1, f. I not Sowerby, 1822. 


Gari fucata (Hinds, 1845). 

Tellina fucata Hinds, 1845:67, pl. 21, f. 4 not T. (Strigilla)fitcata Gould, 

1851; Siliquaria edentula Gabb, 1869: 53, pl. 15, f. 4. 


Gari helenae Olsson, 1961. 

Gari (Gobraeus) helenae Olsson, 1961: 357, pl. 63, f. 12, a; part. 

Psammobia (?Amphichaena) regularis audi. not,Carpenter, 1864. 


Gari lata (Deshayes, 1855). 

Psanunobia lata Deshayes, 1855: 318. 

25-14N: Intertidal-10 m. +16° +31°C. Recent. 

Gari maxima (Deshayes, 1855). 

Psammobia maxima Deshayes, 1855: 317. 


Gari panamensis Olsson, 1961. 

Gari (Gobraeus) panamensis Olsson, 1961: 357, pl. 63, f. 11. 


Gari regularis (Carpenter, 1864). 

Psammobia (Amphichaena) regularis Carpenter, 18646:312. 

23N-32N: 28N. 15-40 m. +8° +28°C. Recent. 

Gari solida (Gray, 1828). 

Solen(Solenocurnis) solidus Gray, 1828:7, pl. 3, f. 12; part . Psammobia 

crassa auctt. not Hupé in Gay, 1854. 


Genus Heterodonax Morch, 1853. 

Heterodonax pacificus (Conrad, 1837). 

Psammobia pacifica Conrad, 1837: 241, pl. 18, f. 13; Tellina bimaculata 

alien. not Linné, 1758 (Caribbean); T. vicina C. B. Adams, 1852: 509, 

546; Donax ovalina Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 3, sp. 17; Tellina versicolor 

Carpenter, 1864a: 368 (Adams MS) not DeKay, 1843 nom. n id.; 

47

Heterodonax bimaculatus purpureus Williamson, 1893: 187;H. bimaculatus 

salmoneus Williamson, 1893: 187. 

4S-34N: 15N. Intertidal. + 11° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Nuttallia Dall, 1900. 

Nuttallia nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). 

Sanguinolaria nuttallii Conrad, 1837: 230, pl. 17, f. 6; Psammobia 

decora Hinds, 1842: 81, pl. 6, f. 1; Sanguinolaria grandis Carpenter, 

I857a: 228, 349 (Gould MS) nom. nud.; S. orcutti Dall, 1921a: 17. 


Genus Sanguinolaria Lamarck, 1799. 

Subgenus Sanguinolaria s.s. 

Sanguinolaria antarctica Mabille 8i. Rochebrune, 1889. 

Sanguinolaria antarctica Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 

105. 

54S. Depth unknown. nom. dub. Recent. 

Sanguinolaria ovalis Reeve, 1857. 

Sanguinolaria ovalis Reeve, 1857: 10 Sanguinolaria, pl. I , sp. 2; S. 

vespertina Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 90, pl. 12, f. 3, 4; S. (Sanguinolaria) 

tenuis Olsson, 1961: 349, pl. 85, f. 6. 


Sanguinolaria tellinoides A. Adams, 1850. 

Sanguinolaria tellinoides A. Adams, 1850: 170, pl. 6, f. 6; part. Mactra 

grandis auctt. not Gmelin, 1791; part. Tellina rosea auctt. not Lamarck, 

1818; T. miniata Gould, 1851: 90; Sanguinolaria purpurea Deshayes, 

1855: 346. 


Subgenus Psammotella Herrmannsen, 1852. 

Sanguinolaria bertini Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Sanguinolaria bertha Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 91, pl. 10, f. 7, 8; part. 

Tellina rufescens auctt. not Gmelin, 1791; T. hanleyi Bertin, 1878: 268 

not Dunker, 1853. 

4S-31N: 14N. Intertidal. +11 0 +31°C. Recent. 

Genus Solecurtus Blainville, 1824. 

Solecurtus guaymasensis (Lowe, 1935). 

Psammosolen guaymasensis Lowe, 1935: 18, pl. 1, f. 7. 

8N-28N: 18N. 35-110 m. +14° +31°C. Recent. 

Solecurtus lineatus (Gabb, 1861). 

Tagelus lineatus Gabb, 1861: 370, pl. 47, f. 71; Solecurtus broggii 

Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 71, pl. 18, f. 4. 


Genus Tagelus Gray, 1847. 

Subgenus Tagelus s.s. 

Tagelus affinis (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Solecurtus affinis C. B. Adams, 1852: 524, 548; S. cylindricus Sowerby 

in Reeve, 1874: 19 Solecurtus pl. 5, sp. 23; ?Tagelus (Tagelus) irregularis 

Olsson, 1961: 352, pl. 62, f. 6. 


2S-35N: I7N. Intertidal-75 m. +12° +31 °C. Pleistocene. 

Tagelus californianus (Conrad, 1837). 

Solecurtus (Cultellus) californianus Conrad, 1837: 333, pl. 18, f. 3 

(californicus , califortziensis nom. van. auctt.). 


Tagelus dombell (Lamarck, 1818). 

Solen dombeii Lamarck, 1818: 454; Solecutus coquimbensis Sowerby in 

Reeve, 1874: 19 Solecurtus pl. 5, sp. 22a, b. 

43S-9N: 18 5 . Intertidal. +8° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Tagelus irregularis Olsson, 1961. 

Tagelus (Tagelus) irregularis Olsson, 1961: 352, pl. 62, f. 6. 

25 . Intertidal. +17° +32°C. Recent. 

Tagelus longisinuatus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Tagelus affinis longisinuatus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932:91, pl. 11, f. 4, 5. 


48 

Tagelus peruanus (Dunker, 1861). 

Siliquaria peruana Dunker, 1861a: 426. 


Tagelus violascens (Carpenter, 1857). 7' 

Solecurtus violascens Carpenter, 1857b: 27. 


Subgenus Mesopleura Conrad, 1868. 

Tagelus bourgeoisae Hertlein, 1951. 

Tagelus (Mesopleura) bourgeoisae Henlein, 1951: 73, pl. 26, f. 5, 6. 


Tagelus peruvianus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Tagelus (Mesopleura) peruvianus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 70, pl. 18, f. 

5. 

5S-3IN: 13N. Intertidal. +11° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Tagelus politus (Carpenter, 1837). 

Solecurtus politus Carpenter, 1857b: 27; Siliquaria carpenteri Dunker, 

186Ia: 426; S. nitidissima Dunker, 1861a: 426. 

4S-30N: 13N. Intertidal. + le +31°C. Pliocene. 

Tagelus subteres (Conrad, 1837). 

Solecurtus (Cultellus) subteres Conrad, 1837: 333, pl. 17, f. 10; part. S. 

politus auctt. not Carpenter, 1857. 


Family Donacidae Fleming, 1828. 

Genus Amphichaena Philippi, 1847. 

Amphichaena kindermanni Philippi, 1847. 

Amphichaena kindermanni Philippi, 1847: 63, pl. 3, f. 7; part. Donax 

petallina aucit. not Reeve, 1854 (Deshayes MS); Amphichaena gracilis 

MOrch, 1860: 192. 

13N—17N: 15N. Intertidal. +21° +31°C. Recent. 

Genus Donax Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Chion Scopoli, 1777. 

Donax cuiter Hanley, 1845. 

Donax cuiter Hanley, 1845b: 14; part. D. californica (aim. not Conrad, 

1837; part. Amphichaena kindermanni auctt. not Philippi, 1847; Donax 

contusa Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 4, sp. 24; D. conradi Reeve, 1854: 8 

Donax pl. 5, sp. 29 (Deshayes MS); D. petallina Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax 

PI. 8 sp. 51 (petalinus nom. null. anat.); D. vellicata aucu not Reeve, 

1854: 8 Donax pl. 9 sp. 66 (Caribbean); D. bitincta Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax 

PI. 9, sp. 68; D. affinis auctt not Deshayes, 1854: 7(Red Sea); part. D. 

bella auctt. not Deshayes, 1855 (Atlantic). 

12N-30N: 21N. Intertidal-25 m. -I-14° +31°C. Recent. 

Donax ecuadorianus Olsson, 1961. 

Donax ecuadorianus Olsson, 1961: 340, pl. 61, f. 2, a, b. 


Donax obesus Orbigny, 1845. 

Donax obesa Orbigny, 1845: 541, pl. 81, f. 28-30 not Gould, 1851 not 

Philippi, 1851. 


Donax obesulus Reeve, 1854. 

Donax obesula Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 5, sp. 30 (Deshayes MS); D. 

radiatus Valenciennes in Humboldt & Bonpland, 1832: 221, not Gmelin, 

1791; D. mancorensis Olsson, 1961: 340, pl. 61, f. 3, a, b. 


Donax peruvianus Deshayes, 1855. 

Donax peruvianus Deshayes, 1855: 350; not D. aricana Dall, 1909b: 

173. 

1S-34S: 18S. Intertidal-40 m. +11° -I-29'C. Recent. 

Donax punctatostriatus Hanley, 1843. 

Donax punctatostriata Hanley, 1843: 5; part. D. sulcatus auctt. not 

Philippi, 1847 (Caribbean); part. D. lamarkii auctt. not Reeve, 1854 

(Caribbean); D. punctatostriatus caelatus Carpenter, 1857b: 46; D. 

sowerbyi Bertin, 1881: 68, 85. 

5S-31N: 13N. Intertidal-10 m. +11 0 +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Machaerodonax Reimer, 1870.

Donax carinatus Hanley, 1843. 

Donax carinata Hanley, 1843: 5; D. rostratus C. B. Adams, 1852: 502; 

D.culminatus Carpenter, I857b: 43. 

4S-25N: 11N. 5-25 m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Donax transversus Sowerby, 1825. 

Donax transversus Sowerby, 1825: 4; part. D. scalpellum auctt. not 

Gray, 1823 (Red Sea); part. D. elongata auctt. not Mawe, 1823. 


Subgenus Paradonax Cossmann & Peyrot, 1910. 

Douar californicus Conrad, 1837. 

Donax californicus Conrad, 1837:254, pl. 19, f. 21; D. navicula Hanley, 

1845b: 15 (navidulus nom. null. audit.); part. D. flexuosus auctt. not 

Gould, 1853. 



Donax gracilis Hanley, 1845. 

Donax gracilis Hanley, 1845b: 15. 

5S-31N: 13N. 

Sensu lato. 


Intertidal-25 m. +19° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Donax asper Hanley, 1845. 

Donax asper Hanley, 1845b: 14 (aspera nom. van. auctt.); D. granifera 

Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 7, sp. 43 (Deshayes MS). 


Donax bellus Deshayes, 1855. 79 

Dollar bella Deshayes, 1855: 351 (vellus nom, null. aucn.). 

Extralimital. 

Donax carpemeri H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856." 

Donax (Sunda) carpenteri H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856: 405; D. semistriatus 

Carpenter, 1856b: 230 not Poli, 1795 not Gravenhorst, 1807. 

Donax dentifer Hanley, 1843. 

Donax dentifera Hanley, 1843: 6; part. D. rugosa audit. not Linné, 1758 

(Atlantic); D. paytensis Orbigny, 1846: 541; 


Donax jlexuosus Gould, 1853." 

Donax flexuosus Gould, 1853: 394, pl. 15, f. 8. 

Extralimital. 

Donax gouldii Dall, 1921. 

Donax gouldii Dall, 1921a: 49; part. D. californicus audit. not Conrad, 

1837; D. obesus Gould, 1851: 90 not Orbigny, 1845 not Philippi, 1851; 

D.obesus Philippi, 1851: 145 not Orbigny, 1845 not Gould, 1851; D. 

laevigatus Reeve, 1854: 8Donax pl. 5, sp. 31 (Deshayes MS) not Gmelin, 

1791; D. abruptus Carpenter, 1857a: 232 (Gould MS). 


Donax panamensis Philippi, 1849. 

Doizax panamelzsis Philippi, 1849a: 145; part. C. caianensis audit. not 

Lamarch, 1818 (Atlantic) (Cayemzensis nom, van. auctt.); D. assinzilis 

Reeve, 1854: 8 Donax pl. 2 sp. 10 (Hanley MS); D. reevei Bertin. 1881: 

68, pl. 4, f.2, a-c. 

1S-23N: 11N Intertidal-10 m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Genus lphigenia Schumacher, 1817. 

lphigenia altior (Sowerby, 1833).' 

Capsa altior Sowerby, 1833: 196; part. Donax laevigata auctt. not 

Gmelin, 1791; lphigenia ambigua Bertin, 1881: 68, pl. 4, f.4a-c. 

3S-30N: 14N. Intertidal-25 m. +14° +31 °C. Pleistocene. 

Superfamily DREISSENACEA Gray in Turton, 1840. 

nom. transi. Gill, 1871 ex Dreissenidae. 

Family Dreissenidae Gray in Turton, 1840. 

nom. correct. Gray, 1847 ex Dreissenadae. 

Genus Mytilopsis Conrad, 1858. 

Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831). 

Mytilus leudophaeatus Conrad, 1831: 263, pl. 11, f. 13; M. adamsi 

Morrison, 1946: 46, pl. 1, f. 4; M. zeteki Hertlein & Hanna, 1949: 15. 

Caribbean and North Atlantic. 


Superfamily GAIMARDIACEA Hedley, 1916. 

nom. transi. Fleming, 1969 ex Gaimardiidae. 

Family Gaimardiidae Hedley, 1916. 

nom. correct. Odhner, 1924 pro Gaimardiadae. 

Genus Gaimardia Gould, 1852. 

Gaimardia trapesina (Lamarck, 1819). 

Modiola trapesina Lamarck, 1819: 119 (trapezina nom. van. audit.); 

Phasiolicana nzagellanica Rousseau in Jacquinot, 1854: pl. 26, f.2 not 

Modiola nzagellanica Reeve 1857; P. exilis Philippi, 1858: 24; Gaimardia 

subquadrata Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886,121, pl. 4, f. 8,9; G. 

nigromarginata Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886: 123, pl. 4, f. 11; 

G.faba Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886: 124, pl. 4, f. 10a-c; Modiolarca 

crassa 120; M. lephayi 121; M. lecannelieri 121; M. savatieri 

122; M. fuegiensis 122; M. sauvineti 123; M. hahni 123 all Mabille & 

Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889; M. nzesembrina Melvill & 

Standen, 1907: 146; M. picturata Cooper & Preston, 1910: 112; M. 

gemma Cooper & Preston, 1910: 112. 


25S-54S: 505. Intertidal-150 m71-1° +16°C. Recent. 

Genus Kidderia Dall, 1876. 

Kidderia pusilla (Gould, 1850). 

Mytilus (Modiolarca)pusillus Gould, 1850: 345; Kidderia minuta Dall in 

Kidder, 1876: 46; Modiolarca bicolor Martens, 1885: 93; Cyamium 

inzitans Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886: 115, pl. 4, f. 5a, b; Cyamionema 

decoration Melvill & Standen, 1914: 131, pl. 7, f. 5a, b. 



Superfamily ARCTICACEA Newton, 1891. 

ttom. traits!. Habe, 1951 ex Arcticidae. 

Family Trapeziidae Lamy, 1920. 

Genus Trapezium Megerle, 1811. 

Subgenus Trapeziunz s.s. 

Trapezium californicum (Conrad, 1837)." 

Cypricardia californica Conrad, 1837: 236, pl. 18, f. 4. 

Extralimital. 

Trapezium liranan (Reeve, 1843)." 

Cypricardia &Ma Reeve, 1843:1 Cericardia pl. I, sp. I; Trapezium japonicurn 

Pilsbry, 1905: 119, pl. 5, f. 34-36; T. nipponicunz Yokoyama, 1922: 167, pl. 3, f. 

17; T. ventricosum Yokoyama, 1922: 168, pl. 13, f. la, b. 

Introduced, probably not established. Intertidal. 

Family Bernardinidae Keen, 1963. 

Genus Bernardina Dall, 1910. 

Bernardina bakeri Dall, 1910. 

Bernardino bakeri Dall, 1910: 171. 

25N-37N: 31N. 20-50m. +12° + I9°C. Pleistocene. 

Bernardina margarita (Carpenter, 1857). 

Circe margarita Carpenter, 185713: 81 (marginata nom. null. audit.). 

21N-23N: 22N. 20-80m. +14° +22°C. Recent. 

Genus Halodakra Olsson, 1961. 

Halodakra salmotzea (Carpenter, 1864). 

Psephis sahnonea Carpenter, 1864e: 539, 611, 641; Psephidia brunnea 

Dall, 1916a: 34 nom. mid.; I916b: 413. 


Halodakra subtrigona (Carpenter, 1857). 

Circe subtrigona Carpenter, 185713: 82. 


Family Kelliellidae Fischer, 1887. 

nom. correct. Dall, 1900 pro Kellyellidae. 

Genus Kelliella M. Sars, 1870. 

49

Kelliella galatheae Knudsen, 1970. 

Kelliella galatheae Knudsen, 1970: 110, text-f. 69, 70. 

6N-48N: 27N. 2950-3570 m. +1° +2°C. Recent. 

Superfamily GLOSSACEA Gray, 1847. 

nom. transi. Habe, 1951 ex Glossidae. 

Family Vesicomyidae Dall, 1908. 

nom. correct. Keen, 1969 pro Vesicomyacidae. 

Genus Calyptogena Dall, 1891. 

Subgenus Calyptogena s.s. 

Calyptogena kilmeri Bernard, 1974. 

Calyptogena (Archivesica) kilmeri Bernard, 1974: 17, text-f 1B, 2B, 3B, 

4E. 

45N-53N: 49N. 800-1200 m. +3° +5°C. Recent. 

Calyptogena pacifica Dall, 1891. 

Calyptogena pacifica Dall, 1891: 190; C. gibbera Crickmay, 1929: 43, f. 

1; ?C. panamensis Olsson, 1942: 185, pl. 2, f. 2, 3. 


Subgenus Archivesica Dall, 1908. 

Calyptogena gigas (Dall, 1896). 

Callocardia gigas Dall, 1896a: 18. 

27N-52N: 40N. 1550-2605 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Ectenagena Woodring, 1938. 

Calyptogena elongata Dall, 1916. 

Calyptogena elotzgata Dall, 1916a: 25 nom. nud.; 1916b: 408 not Akebiconcha 

kawamurai elongata Ozaki, 1958. 

33N. 503 m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Calyptogena magnifica Boss & Turner, 1980. 

Calyptogena (Ectenagena) magnifica Boss & Turner, 1980: 165. f.1-9, 

10F, G, 11, I2D-F, 13. 

1N-21N: 11N. 2445-2680m. +12° +17°C. Recent. 

Genus Vesicomya Dall, 1886. 

Subgenus Vesicontya s.s. 

Vesicomya donacia Dall, 1908. 

Vesicomya donacia Dall, 1908e: 221, 417, pl. 17, f. 9, 13. 

7N. 2320 m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Vesicomya lepta (Dall, 1896). 

Callocardia lepta Dall, 1896a: 17. 

27N-45N: 36N. 850-1570 m. +3° +7°C. Recent. 

Vesicomya ovalis (Dall, 1896). 

Callocardia ovalis Dall, 1896a: C18. 

6N-53N: 30N. 1190-3070 m. +r +6°C. Recent. 

Vesicomya stearnsii (Dall, 1895). 

Callocardia stearnsii Dall, 1895a: 693, 696, text-f I. 

45N-48N: 47N. 800-2500 m. +r +3°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Callogonia Dall, 1889. 

Vesicomya angulata (Dall, 1896). 

Callogonia angulata Dall, I896a: 19. 

7N. 2320-3050 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Vesicomya suavis Dall, 1913. 

Vesicomya (Archivesica) suavis Dall, 1913: 597. 

25N. 1345 m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Superfamily CORBICULACEA Gray, 1847. 

nom. transi. Tryon, 1882 ex Corbiculidae. 

Family Corbiculidae Gray, 1847. 

nom. correct. Dall, 1889 pro Corbiculadae. 

Genus Polymesoda Rafinesque ,1 828.' 

Subgenus Polymesoda s.s. 

Polymesoda acuta (Prime, 1861). 

Cyrena acuta Prime, 18616: 355. 

IN. Intertidal. +22° +32°C. Recent. 

50 

Polymesoda convexa (Deshayes, 1855).' 

Corbicula convexa Deshayes, 1855: 342. 

23N. Intertidal. 

nom. (tub. 

Polymesoda mexicana (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Cyrena mexicana Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 364; part. C. floridana 

auctt. not Conrad, 1846 (Caribbean); C. insignis Deshayes, 1855: 20; C. 

nitidula Deshayes, 1855: 21; part. C. Millau' auctt. not Sowerby in 

Reeve, 1878; C. fragi/is Sowerby in Reeve, 1878: 20 Cyrena pl. 17, sp. 


21N-23N: 22N. Intertidal. +18° -1-30°C. Recent. 

Polymesoda notabilis (Deshayes, 1855). 

Cyrena notabilis Deshayes, 1855: 21; C. pullastra Morch, 1861: 194; 

Polymesoda (Polymesoda) zeteki Pilsbry, 1931a: 85, pl. 7, f. 2, a. 


Subgenus Egeta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

Polymesoda altilis (Gould, 1853). 

Cyrena altilis Gould, 1853: 27, pl. 16, f. 5; C. triangula auctt. not 

Philippi, 1849 (Busch MS); C fontaineii Philippi, 1851: 70 not Orbigny, 

1844; C. olivacea Carpenter, 1857b: 114. 

I2N-23N: 18N. Intertidal. +18° +31°C. Recent. 

Polymesoda anomala (Deshayes, 1855). 

Cyrena anomala Deshayes, 1855: 21; C. (Anomala) cumingii Deshayes, 

1855: 22; C. (Anomala) isocardioides Deshayes, 1855: 22; C. cardermis 

Sowerby in Reeve, 1876: 20 Cyrena pl. 19, sp. 109 (Deshayes MS) 

(cordiformis nom. null.). 

3S-15N: 6N. Intertidal-I0 m. +17° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Polymesoda inflata (Philippi, 1851). 

Cyrena inflata Philippi, 1851: 71; C. marititna C. B. Adams, 1852: 499, 

545 not Orbigny, 1842; C. cordiformis Reclus, 1853: 251, pl. 7, f. 9 not 

Deshayes, 1824: C. peruviatza Deshayes, 1854: 259; C. dura Deshayes, 

1855: 20; C. angulata Deshayes, 1855: 22 not Römer, 1835; C. inflata 

Deshayes, 1855: 23 not Philippi, 1851; C. panamensis Prime, 1861a: 40; 

C. recluzii Prime, 1865: 24, f. 19; C. tumida Prime, 1865: 26; C. bullata 

Sowerby in Reeve, 1878: 20 Cyrena pl. 14, sp. 68; Polymesoda joseana 

Morrison, 1946: 44, pl. I, f. 12-14. 

5S-17N: 6N. Intertidal-5 ni. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Neocyrena Crosse & Fischer, 1894. 

Polymesoda boliviana (Philippi, 1851). 

Cyrena boliviana Philippi, 1851: 70; C. tribunalis Prime, 1869: 148 nom. 

nud.; 1870: 300; C. exquisita Prime, 1870: 417. 


Polymesoda fontaineii (Orbigny, 1844). 

Cyclas fontaineii Orbigny, 1844: 569, pl. 83, f. 14, 15; Cyrena forfis 

Prime, 1861b: 355; C. chilina Prime, 1870: 418. 


Polymesoda meridionalis (Prime, 1865). 

Cyrena meriodonalis Prime, 1865: 19, f. 14. 

4S-5S. Intertidal. +19° +30°C. Recent. 

Polymesoda nicaraguana (Prime, 1869). 

Cyrena nicaraguana Prime, 1869:146; part. C. radiata aucit. not Hanley, 

1844 not Parreys in Philippi, 1846 (Atlantic); C. solida Philippi, 

1846: 78, pl. f. 9 not Dunker, 1843. 

8N-12N: ION. Intertidal. +25° +30°C. Recent. 

Polymesoda ordinaria (Prime, 1865). 

Cyrena ordinaria Prime, 1865: 19, f. 15; C. germana Prime, 1870: 417. 


Polymesoda triangula (Busch, 1849). 

Cyrena triangula Busch in Philippi, 1849: 78, pl. 2, f. 3. 


Superfamily VENERACEA Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. Menke, 1828 pro Veneridia. 

Family Veneridae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. et correct. Leach, 1819 ex Veneridia. 

Subfamily Venerinae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. et correct Swainson, 1840 ex Veneridia. 

Recent.

Genus Ameghinomya Ihering, 1907. 

Ameghinotnya antiqua (King and Broderip, 1832). 

Venus antiqua King and Broderip, 1832: 336; part. V. grata auctt. not 

Say, 1831: V. discrepans Broderip & Sowerby, 1833: 22, V. costellata 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1835: 42; V. mactracea Broderip & Sowerby, 

1835: 44; V. agrestris Philippi, 1845b: 54; V. alvarezii Orbigny, 1846: 

557, pl. 83, f. 3, f; V. citzeracea Hupé in Gay, 1854: 334, pl. 6, f. 2; V. 

darwini Philippi, 1887: 122, pl. 17, f. 2 not Dunker in Römer, 1857. 


33S-54S: 44S. Intertidal-5 m. +4° +20°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Dosinia Gray, 1835. 

Subgenus Dosinia s.s. 

Dosinia dunkeri (Philippi, 1844). 

Cytherea dutzkeri Philippi, 1844: 170, pl. 2, f. 5; Artenzis simplex Hanley, 

1845a: 11 not Adams, 1855; C. (Artemis) angulosa Philippi. 1847: 229. 


3S-25N: 11N, Intertidal-55 m. +14° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Dosinia ponderosa (Schumacher, 1817). 

Cytherea ponderosa Schumacher, 1817: 150; C. ponderosa Koch in 

Philippi, 1844: 149; Arthemis ponderosa Gray, 1838: 309; part. Venus 

concetztrica auctt. not Born, 1778 (Caribbean); Cytherea gigantea Philippi, 

1844: 171 (Sowerby MS) not Lamarck, 1818; Venus cycloides Orbigny, 

1845: 562; Artemis distans Sowerby, 1851: 657, pl. 140, f. 3 not 

Venus distans Orbigny, 1851; Dosinia grandis Nelson, 1870: 201; ?D. 

(Dosinidia) titan Maury, 1925: 139, pl. 24, f. 12, pl. 25, f. 3. 


5S-28N: 12N. 50-80 m. +14° +28°C. Recent. 

Dosinia semiobliterata Deshayes, 1853. 

Dosinia senzibliterata Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 6; D. annae Carpenter, 

1857b: 61; Artemis nantis Reeve, 1850: 9 Artemis pl. 10, sp. 57. 

9N-23N: 16N. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Genus Periglypta Jukes-Browne, 1914. 

Periglypta multicostata (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus multicostata Sowerby, 1835: 22; V. thouarsi Valenciennes in 

Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 16, f. 1. 

6S-27N: 11N. Intertidal-5 m. + 19° +31°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Ventricolaria Keen, 1954. 

Ventricolaria fordii (Yates, 1890). 

Venus fordii Yates, 1890: 46, pl. 1, f. 1-5; part. V. toreuma auctt. not 

Gould, 1850 (Indo-Pacific). 

28N-37N: 33N. 10-70 m. + I 1° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Ventricolaria isocardia (Verrill, 1870). 

Venus isocardia Verrill, 1870: 221; part. V. reticulata auctt. not Linné, 

1758 (Indo-Pacific); part. V. rigida auctt. not Dillwyn, 1867 (Atlantic). 

3N-28N: I6N. 20-110 m. +16° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Ventricolaria lepidoglypta (Dall, 1902)." 

Cytherea foveolata lepidoglypta Dall, 1902d: 390, pl. 15, f. 4, 5. 

Extralimital. 

Ventricolaria magdalenae (Dall, 1902). 

Cytherea (Ventricola) magdalenae Dall, 1902d: 390, 403, pl. 15, f. 6; 

part. Venus toreuma atictt. not Gould, 1850 (Indo-Pacific). 

25N-27N: 26N. 60-80 m. +15° +25°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Circinae Dall, 1896. 

Genus Gouldia C. B. Adams, 1847. 

Subgenus Gouldia s.s. 

Gouldia californica Dall, 1917. 

Gouldia californica Dall, 1917a: 579; Gafrarium (Gouldia) stephetzsae 

Jordan, 1936: 136, pl. 19, f. 10. 11. 


8N-26N: 17N. 80-160 m. +11° +24°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Chioninae Frizzell, 1936. 

nom. transi. Keen, 1951 ex Chionidae. 

Genus Chione Megerle, 1811. 

Subgenus Chione s.s. 

Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835)." 

Venus californiensis Broderip, 1835: 43; V. succincta Valenciennes in 

Humboldt & Bonpland, 1832: 219, pl. 48, f. la-c not Linné, 1771; V. 

leucodon Sowerby, 1835: 43; V. nuttalli Conrad, 1837: 250, pl. 19, f. 15; 

part. V. californiana auctt. not Conrad, 1837; V. lamellifera Conrad, 

1849: 724, pl. 17, f. 12; V. brevilineata Conrad, 1849a: 724, pl. 17, f. 13; 

Chione (Chione) californiensis gealeyi Parker, 1949: 580, pl. 89, f. 13, 

PI. 90, f. 7, 10; C. (C) californiensis durhand Parker, 1949; 581, pl. 90, f. 

3; C. (C)califonziensis peabodyi Parker, 1949: 581, pl. 90, f. 1, f. 5, 11. 


Chione compta (Broderip, 1835). 

Venus compta Broderip, 1835: 43; V. neglecta Gray in Beechey, 1839: 

151, pl. 41, f. 8 not Sowerby, 1839; Chione nzeridionalis Oldroyd, 1921: 

93, pl. 4 not Venus meridionalis Sowerby, 1846. 


6S-28N: IIN. 20-30 m. +15 ° +29°C. Recent. 

Chione guatukoensis Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Chiotze (Chione) guatulcoensis Hertlein & Strong, 1948: 182, pl. 1, f. 2. 

9N-16N: 13N. 5-20 m. +21 0 +30°C. Recent. 

Chione subimbricata (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus subimbricata Sowerby, 1835:21. 


Chione lumens Verrill, 1870. 

Chione lumens Verrill, 1870: 22. 

27N-28N. Intertidal-10 m. +16° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Chione undatella (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus undatella Sowerby, 1835: 22; V. subrostrata auctt. not Lamarck, 

1818 (Atlantic); V. californiana Conrad, 1837: 251; part. V. neglecta 

ailed. not Sowerby, 1839: not Gray in Beechey, 1839; V. etztobapta 

Jonas, 1845: 66; V. perdix Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 16, f. 

2, a; V. simillima Sowerby, 1853: 708, pl. 153, f. 17; V. (Chione) 

excavata Carpenter, I856a: 216; V. bilineata Reeve, 1863: 14 Venus pl. 

22, sp. 105a, b. 

5S-34N: 14N. Intertidal-90 m. + I I° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Chionista Keen, 1958. 

Chione cortezi (Carpenter, 1864). 

Venus cortezi Carpenter, 1864c:570 (Sloat MS); part. Chione gibbosula 

atictt. not Reeve, 1863 (Deshayes MS) not Venus gibbosula Carpenter, 



Chione flucteraga (Sowerby, 1853). 

Venusfluctifraga Sowerby, 1853: 712, pl. 154, f. 42, 43; V. callosa auctt. 

not Lamarck, 1805 not Cytherea callosa Conrad, 1837; V. sugillata 

Reeve, 1863: 14 Venus pl. 13, sp. 43 not Cytherea sugillata Jonas, 1846; 

V. gibbosula Carpenter, 1864c: 570 (Deshayes MS) not Chiotze gibbosula 

Reeve, 1863 (Deshayes MS). 


Chione gnidia (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Venus gnidia Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 364. 


Subgenus Chionopsis Olsson, 1932. 

Chione amathusia (Philippi, 1844). 

Venus anzatluisia Philippi, 1844:129; Chione variabilis Nelson, 1870: 

202. 

4S-27N: 12N. 50-75 m. +16° +26°C. Recent. 

Chione crenifera (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus cretzifera Sowerby, 1835: 43; part. V. portesiana auctt. not Orbigny, 

1846; V. eximia Philippi, 1847: 90 not Forbes, 1846. 

1S-5S: 2 5 . 15-50m. +14° +28°C. Recent. 

Chione jamaniana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Chione jamaniana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 63, pl. 17, f. 1, 2. 

0-55: 25 . 10-20 m. +22° +29°C. Pliocene. 

51

Chione montezuma Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Chione montezuma Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 101, pl. 15, f. 12-14; part. 

Venus pulicaria alien. not Broderip, 1835. 

8N-10N: 9N. 5-20m. +19° +29°C. Recent. 

Chione olssoni (Fischer-Piette, 1969). 

Chinopsis olssoni Fischer-Piette 1969: 1013, pl. 2, f. 17-19. 

0-IS. Depth not known. Recent. 

Chione ornatissima (Broderip, 1835). 

Venus ornatissima Broderip, 1835: 44; Chione traftoni Pilsbry & Olsson, 

1941: 61, pl. 16, f. 4. 


Chione pulicaria (Broderip, 1835). 

Venus pulicaria Broderip, 1835:44; V. cingulata auctt. not Lamarck, 

1818; V. pinacatensis Carpenter, I864c: 569 (Sloat MS) nom. n id. 


Chione purpurissata Dall, 1902. 

Chione purpurissata Dall, 1902d: 393 (purpurascens nom. van. auctt.); 

Venus crenulata lilacina Carpenter, 1864c: 570 not V. lilacina Voigt in 

Cuvier, 1834 not Chione lilacina Gray, 1838. 

14N-27N: 21N. 10-30m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Illochione Olsson, 1961. 

Chione broggi (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943). 

Anomalocardia broggi Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943: 78, pl. 8, f. 7. 

4S-33 5: 18S. Intertidal-5 m. +13° +30°C. Pleistocene. 

Chione subrugosa (Wood, 1828). 

Venus subrugosa Wood, 1828: 5, pl. 2, f. 6 not Bronn, 1831. 



Subgenus Lirophora Conrad, 1863. 

Chione discrepans (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus discrepans Sowerby, 1835:22 not Philippi, 1853. 

17S-23N: 3N. 20-80m. +11° +29°C. Recent. 

Chione inflata (King & Broderip, 1832). 

Venus injlata King & Broderip, 1832: 336. 


Chione kellettii (Hinds, 1845). 

Venus kellettii Hinds, 1845: 65, pl. 19, f. 5. 


Chione mariae (Orbigny, 1846). 

Venus mariae Orbigny, 1846: 563; V. cypria Sowerby, 1835: 43 not 

Brocchi, 1814 not Risso, 1826. 



Chione obliterata Dall, 1902. 

Chione (Lirophora) oblitera Dall, 1902d: 394, 405, pl. 16, f. 2. 

9N-19N: 14N. 20-45 m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Chione peruviana (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus peruviana Sowerby, 1835: 22. 

12S-20S: 16S. Intertidal. +14° +30 °C. Recent. 

Chione schottii Dall, 1902." 

Chione (Lirophora) schottii Dail, 1902(1: 395, 404, pl. 16, f. 7. 

Extralimital. 

Subgenus Timoclea Brown, 1827. 

Chione effeminata (Stearns, 1891). 

Venus effeminata Stearns, 1891:221, pl. 17, f. 1, 2. 


Chione pieta Willett, 1944. 

Chione (Nioche) picta Willett, 1944: 20, pl. 8, f. a, b. (Dall MS). 

17N-29N: 23N. Intertidal-50 m. +18° +31 °C. Pleistocene. 

Chione squamosa (Carpenter, 1857). 

Tapes squamosa Carpenter, 18576: 78; Venus troglodytes Morch, 1861: 

197. 


52 

Sensu loto. 

Chione disions (Philippi, 1851). 

Venus disions Philippi, 1851: 126. nom. dttb. 

9N. 

Chione spurca (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus spurca Sowerby, 1835: 23. nom. dub. 

33S. 

Recent. 

Recent. 

Chione undatostriata (Orcutt & Dall, 1885). 

Cytherea undatostriata Orcutt & Dall, 1885: 548 (Carpenter MS) nain. 

Genus Humilaria Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Humilaria kennerleyi (Reeve, 1863). 

Venus kennerleyi Reeve, 1863: 14 Venus pl. 12, sp. 41 (Carpenter MS). 

37N-60N: 48N. Intertidal-45 m. +2° + I4°C. Pliocene , 

Genus Irusella Hertlein & Grant, 1972. 

lrusella lamellifera (Conrad, 1837). 

Venus lamellifera Conrad, 1837:251, pl. 19, f. 19 not Conrad, 1849; V. 

cordieri Deshayes, 1839: 358, pl. 18; Irus lamellifer prelamellifer Grant 

& Gale, 1931: 332, pl. 18, f. 7. 

33N-38N: 36N. Intertidal-60 ni. +11° +22°C. Miocene. 

Genus Mercenaria Schumacher, 1817. 

Mercenaria apodema (Dall, 1902). 99 

Venus apoderna Dali, 1902d: 396, 406, pl. 15, f. 8. 

Extralimital. 

Mercenaria kennicollii Dall, 1871. 9 ' 

Mercenaria kennicottii Dall, 1871: 147, pl. 16, f. 1 (Dail MS). 

Extralimital. 

Mercenaria mercenaria (Linné, 1758). 92 

Venus mercenaria Linné, 1758: 686; Mercenaria violacea Schumacher, 

1817: 135. 


40N. Intertidal. Recent. 

Genus Protothaca Dall, 1902. 

Subgenus Prototlzaca s.s. 

Protothaca laciniata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Tapes laciniata Carpenter, 1864c: 540, 571, 641. 


Protothaca staminea (Conrad, 1837). 

Venus staminea Conrad, 1837: 250; (straminea nom. null. audit.); V. 

pectunculoides Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 16, f. 3; V. 

rigida Gould, 1850: 277 not Dillwyn, 1811 (Caribbean); Venerupis 

petittii Deshayes, 1839: 359; Chione ruderata Deshayes, 1853: 136; 

Tapes diversa Sowerby, 1855: 697, pl. 147, f. 41; T. tumida Carpenter, 

1856a: 214 (Conrad MS) not Sowerby, 1853; Venus dispar Carpenter, 

1857a: 196 (Gould MS) nom. nud.; V. ampliata Carpenter, I857a: 213, 

305, 348 (Gould MS); V. mundulus Reeve, 1863: 14 Venus pl. 14, sp. 51; 

Paphia staminea orbella Carpenter, 1864e: 641; Leukoma conradi Romer, 

1867: 40; Paphia (Protothaca) staminea sulculosa Dall, 1902d: 399, 

406, pl. 14, f. 2; Protothaca grewingkii Dall, 1904a: 116; P. staminea 

spatiosa Dall, I916a: 34 nom. nud.; 19I6b: 413. 

23N-60N: 42N. Intertidal-10 in. +2° +27°C. Miocene. 

Protothaca thaca (Molina, 1782). 

Chama thaca Molina, 1782: 178 (Cama nom. null.); Venus dombei 

Lamarck, 1818: 590; V. chilensis Sowerby, 1835: 41 not Orbigny, 1842; 

V. ignobilis Philippi, 1844: 176, pl. 3, f. 4; V. rodriguezi Philippi, 1887: 

125, pl. 20, f. 6. 


Subgenus Antinioche Olsson, 1961. 

Protothaca beili (Olsson, 1961). 

Nioche (Antinioche) beili Olsson, 1961: 310, pl. 50, f. la,b, 4; part. 

Venus antiqua auctt. not King & Broderip, 1832. 

1S-ION: 5N. Intertidal. +20° +33°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Callithaca Dall, 1902. 

Protothaca tenerrima (Carpenter, 1857). 

Tapes tenerrima Carpenter, 1857a: 200; part. Venus rigida auctt. not 

Dillwyn, 1817 (Caribbean) not Gould, 1850; Paphia (Callithaca) tenerri-

ma alta Waterfall, 1929: 85, pl. 6, f. 1; P. restorationensis Frizzel, 1930: 

120. 


Subgenus Colonche Olsson, 1961. 

Protothaca ecuadoriana (Olsson, 1961). 

Colonche ecuadoriana Olsson, 1961: 311, pl. 41, f. 5. 

3S-2N: 0. Intertidal. +18° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Leukoma Römer, 1857. 

Protothaca asperrima (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus asperrima Sowerby, 1835: 42; part. V. gratudata auctt. not 

Gmelin, 1791 (Caribbean); part. V. pectorina alien. not Lamarck, 1818 

(Caribbean); V. histrionica Sowerby, 1835: 41; V. intersecta Sowerby, 

1855: 714, pl. 155, f. 59, 60. 



Protothaca keenae Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Chione (Nioche) keenae Soot-Ryen, 1957: 5; Soot-Ryen, 1959: 56, pl. 3, 

f. 24, 25 (redescription). 

43S. 8 m. +8° +27°C. Recent. 

Protothaca metodon (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Chione metodon Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 100, 101, pl. 15, f. 7-11. 


Protothaca macgintyi (Olsson, 1961). 

Nioche (Nioche) mcgintyi Olsson, 1961: 309, pl. 52, f. 2, a. 

9N. Intertidal. +21 0 +32°C. Recent. 

Protothaca subaequilateralis (Fischer-Piette, 1969). 

Nioche (Nioche) subaequilateralis Fischer-Piette, 1969: 1016, pl. 3, f. 

27-30. 

IN. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Protothaca zorritensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Nioche (Nioche)zorritensis Olsson, 1961: 308, pl. 53, f. 5, a, pl. 55, f. 6. 


4S-5S. Intertidal. +15° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Notochione Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Protothaca coMmbiensis (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus cohimbiensis Sowerby, 1835: 21 (colubiensis nom. van. auctt.); 

part. V. dombeyi auctt. not Lamarck, 1818. 


Subgenus Tropithaca Olsson, 1961. 

Protothaca grata (Say, 1831). 

Venus grata Say, 1831: 177, pl. 26 (gratus nom. van auctt.); V. tricolor 

Sowerby, 1835: 41; V. fuscolineata Sowerby, 1835: 41; V. discors 

Sowerby, 1835: 42; V. neglecta Philippi, 1844: 62, pl. 4, f. 2 not Sowerby 

in Gray, 1839; part. V. pectunculoides Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 

1846: pl. 16, f. 3; V. muscaria Reeve, 1863: 14 Venus pl. 15, sp. 60. 


20S-27N: 4N. Intertidal-400 iri;± 14° +22°C. Pleistocene. 

Protothaca pertincta (Dall, 1902). 

Chione (Tinzoclea) pertincta Dall, 1902d: 396, 403, pl. 16, f. 9; part. V. 

grata auctt. not Say, 1831. 


25-0. Intertidal-5 m. +15° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Tawera Marwick, 1927. 

Tawera gayi (Hupé, 1854). 

Venus gayi Hupé in Gay, 1854: 337, pl. 6, f. 5; Chione fuegiensis E. A. 

Smith, 1905; 336; ?C. pampeana Ihering, 1907: 454, pl. 18, f. 125. 


33S-54S: 44S. 80-150 m. +3° +20°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Meretricinae Gray, 1847. 

nom. correct. Fischer, 1887 pro Meretricina. 

Genus Meretrix Lamarck, 1799. 

Meretrix lusorin (Rbding, 1798). 93 

Venus Iusoria Reiding, 1798: 180. 

Introduced from Japan, not established. 

Genus Tivela Link, 1807. 

Subgenus Tivela s.s. 

Tivela argentina (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea argentina Sowerby, 1835: 46; C. aequilatera Deshayes, 1839: 

358. 


Tivela byronensis (Gray, 1838). 

Trigona byronensis Gray, 1838: 304; part. Cytherea petechialis auctt. 

not Lamarck, 1818 (petichialis limn. null. auctt.); part. C. corbicula 

auctt. not Lamarck, 1818; part. C. nitidula Lamarck, 1819 

(Mediterranean); Venus solangensis Orbigny, 1846: 564; Cytherea semifillva 

Menke, 1847: 190; Mactra pulla Philippi, 1848: 152; Cytherea 

intermedia Sowerby, 1851: 612, pl. 128, f. 35; C. gracilior Sowerby, 

1851: 615, pl. 128, f. 32; Tivela elegans Verrill, 1870: 220; part. Mactra 

pencana auctt. flot Philippi, 1893; M. calbucana Philippi, 1893: 9, pl. 2, 

f. 5; M. coquinzbana Philippi, 1893: 10, pl. 2, f. 7a, b. 


4S-30N: I3N. Intertidal-75 m. +14° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Tivela delessertii (Sowerby, 1854). 

Cytherea delessertii Sowerby, 1854: 785 (Deshayes MS); part. C. nitidula 

auctt. not Lamarck, 1818; C. (Tivela) arguta Reimer, 1860: 148; 

?Tivela marginata "Carpenter" Berry, 1907: 20 nom. nud. 


Tivela hindsii (Hanley, 1844). 

Cytherea hindsii Hanley, 1844c:I10. 


Tivela lineata (Sowerby, 1851). 

Cytherea lineata Sowerby, 1851:616, pl. 128, f. 26. 


Subgenus Pachydesma Conrad, 1854. 

Tivela stultorum (Mawe, 1823). 

Donax stultorum Mawe, 1823: 37, 40, pl. 9, f. 7 not Trigona stultorum 

Gray, 1838 not Cytherea stultorum Menke, 1847; part. Trigona mactriodes 

auctt. not Born, 1778 (Caribbean); Cytherea (Trigonella) crassatelloides 

Conrad, 1837: 253, pl. 19, f. 17; C. solidissima Philippi, 

1851: 100; C. (Tivela) crassatelliodes pauciradiata: 373; multiradiata: 

373; altenzata: 373; eccentrica: 373; series; 374; interrupta: 374; 

luteobrunnea: 374; uniradiata: 374; biradiata: 374; triradiata: 375; 

ochracea: 375; putpureochocolata: 375; biserialis: 375; triserialis: 376; 

aurora: 376; duplicata: 376, all Steams, 1899. 


Subgenus Planitivela Olsson, 1961. 

Tivela lessonii (Deshayes, 1830). 

Dolma lessonii Deshayes, 1830: 99 not Potiez and Michaud, 1844 (not 

Moluccas); Donax hians Philippi, 1851: 74; part. Cytherea planulata 

auctt. not Broderip and Sowerby, 1830. 

I25-305: 2IS. Intertidal-10 m. +11° +27°C. Pleistocene. 

Tivela nucula (Philippi, 1849). 

Cytherea nucula Philippi, 1849:144; part. C. planulata auctt. not 

Broderip & Sowerby, 1830. 

18S-30S: 245 . Intertidal. +11° +22°C. Recent. 

Tivela plamdata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1830). 

Cytherea planulata Broderip & Sowerby, 1830: 48; C. mactroides 

Lamarck, 1818: 567 not Born 1778; C. planulata mesa Sowerby, 1835: 

46; C. undulata Sowerby, 1851: 618, pl. 127, f. 62. 


Genus Transennella Dall, 1884. 

Subgenus Transennella s.s. 

53

Transennella caryonautes Berry, 1963. 

Transennella caryonautes Berry, 1963: 141; part. Cytherea modesta 

auctt. not Sowerby, 1835. 

23N. 20-150m. +16° +26°C. Recent. 

Transennella galapagana Hertlein & Strong, 1939. 

Transennella galapagana Hertlein &Strong, 1939: 378, pl. 32. f. 1-3,6, 

7. 


Intertidal. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Transennella humilis (Carpenter, 1857). 

Trigona humilis Carpenter, 1857b: 246. 

23N-24N. Intertidal-5 m. +20° +32°C. Recent. 

Transennella modesta (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea modesta Sowerby, 1835:47 not Venus modesta Dubois, 1831 

nom. nud. not Cytherea modesta Philippi, 1845; Venus cumingii Orbigny, 

1846: 563; Transennella sororcula Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 102, pl. 9, 

f. 12-16; part. T. caryonautes auctt. not Berry, 1963. 


4S-27N: 12N. 50-90 m. +14° +26°C. Recent. 

Transennella omissa (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932). 

Macrocallista (Chionella) omissa Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 102, pl. 17, f. 

13-16. 


Transennella pannosa (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea pannosa Sowerby, 1835:47; C. lutea Koch in Philippi, 1845: 

199; part. Callista pannosa puella auctt. not Carpenter, 1864. 


Transennella puella (Carpenter, 1864). 

Callista pannosa puella Carpenter, 1864b: 312; part. Cytherea patznosa 


12N-29N: 21N. 40-120m. +13° +28°C. Recent. 

Sensu loto. 

Transennella tantilla (Gould, 1853). 

Venus tantillus Gould, 1853: 406, pl. 15, f. 10; part. Trigona humilis 

auctt. not Carpenter, 18576; Venus rhysomia Gabb, 1861:369; Psephidia 

barbarensis Arnold, 1907b: 440, pl. 58, f. 3; Transerznella californica 

Arnold, 1910: 72, pl. 26, f. 7a; Psephidia cymata auctt. not Dall, 1913. 

28N-60N: 44N. Intertidal-120 m+ 4° +20°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Pitarinae Stewart, 1930. 

Genus Amiands Carpenter, 1864. 

Amiantis callosa (Conrad, 1837). 

Cytherea callosa Conrad, 1837: 252 not preoc. Venus callosa Lamarck, 

1805; C. thobilis Reeve, 1850: 126; Pitaria stalderi Clark, 1915: 468, pl. 

f. 5, 6; Antigona willisi Trask, 1922: 152, pl. 5, f. 2a, b. 

23N-35N: 29N. 1-20 m. +9° +27°C. Miocene. 

Amiantis lubrica (I3roderip, 1835). 94 

Cytherea htbrica Broderip, 1835: 44. 

Extralimital. 

Genus Megapitaria Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Megapitaria aurantiaca (Sowerby, 1831). 

Cytherea aurantiaca Sowerby, 1831: 196, f. 3 (aurantia nom. van. 

auctt.). 



Megapitaria squalida (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea squalida Sowerby, 1835: 23; C. biradiata Sowerby, 1839: 151, 

pl. 43, f. 5 not Stearns, 1899; C. chionaea Menke, 1847: 190. 


4S-31N: 14N. Intertidal-160 m+ 16° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Pitar Römer, 1857. 

Subgenus Pitar s.s. 

54 

IS. 

Pitar berryi Keen, 1971. 

Pitar (Pitar) berryi Keen, 1971: 168, f. 397. 

21N-23N: 22N. 15-40m. +18° +27°C. Recent. 

Pitar consanguineus (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Cytherea consanguinea C. B. Adams, 1852: 496. 


1S-16N: 8N. Intertidal-60 tn. +14° +32°C. Recent. 

Pitar elenensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Pitar (Pitar) elenetzsis Olsson, 1961: 275, pl. 45, f. la, b. 

4S-7N: 2N. 2-25 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Pitar fluctuatus (Sowerby, 1851). 

Cytherea fluctuata Sowerby, 1851: 634, pl. 136, f. 185, 186. 


Pitar helenae Olsson, 1961. 

Pitar (Pitar) helenae Olsson, 1961: 276, pl. 45, f. 2, a; part. Circe 

newcombianus meat. not Gabb, 1865. 

8N-26N: 17N. 20-50 m. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Piler hoffstetteri Fischer-Piette, 1969. 

Pitar (Pitar) hoffstetteri Fischer-Piette, 1969: 1003, f. 10, 11. 


0 Depth unknown. Recent. 

Pitar ida (Tegland, 1928). 95 

Pitaria ida Tegland, 1928: 4, pl. I, f. 1-4. 

Extralimital. 

Pitar inconspicuus (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea inconspicua Sowerby, 1835: 47. 

16S-37S: 27S. 10-25 m. +10° +28°C. Recent. 

Pitar newcombianus (Gabb, 1865). 

Circe (Lioconcha) newcombiana Gabb, 1865: 189. 

16N-37N: 27N. 45-220 m. +10° +25°C. Miocene. 

Pitar perfragilis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Pitar perfragilis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 100, pl. 17, f. 10, 11, 12; part. 

Pitaria tomeana auctt. not Dall, 1902. 

11N. Depth not known. Recent. 

Piler rostratus (Philippi, 1844). 

Cytherea rostrata Philippi, 1844: 150, pl. 1, f. 3 (Koch MS);C C. patagonica 

Philippi, 1844: 109 not Venus patagonica Orbigny, 1842; part Venus 

tehuelcha auctt. not Orbigny, 1846. 


41S-55S: 48S. 10-40 m. +2° +15°C. Pleistocene. 

Pitar tomeanus (Dall, 1902). 

Pitaria tomeana Dall, 1902d: 387, 402, pl. 15, fd. 2; part. Pitar perfragilis 

auctt. non Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

18S-32S: 25S. 15-40 m. +14° +25°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Hyphantosoma Dall, 1902. 

Pitar aletes Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Pitar (Hyphantosoma) aletes Hertlein & Strong, 1948: 172, pl. 1, f. 9, 

11-13. 

10N-28N: 19N. 75-110m. +14° +19°C. Recent. 

Pitar hertleini Olsson, 1961. 

Pitar (Hyphanotsoma) hertleini Olsson, 1961: 276, pl. 45, f. 6, a; part. 

Callista pollicaris auctt. not Carpenter, 1864. 


Piler pollicaris (Carpenter, 1864). 

Callista pollicaris Carpenter, 1864b: 312; Dione prora auctt. not Conrad, 

1837 (Hawaii); part. Venus obliquata auctt. not Hanley, 1844 (Western 

Pacific). 


Subgenus Hysteroconcha Dall, 1902. 

Pitar brevispinosus (Sowerby, 1851). 

Cytherea brevispinosus Sowerby, 1851: 632, pl. 132, f. 609 (brevispina 

nom, van. audit.). 

1S-26N: 13N. 5-30 ru. +20° +30°C. Recent.

Pitar lupanaria (Lesson, 1830). 

Cytherea lupanaria Lesson, 1830: 196, pl. 64 (lupinaria, lupinarius 

nom. null. auctt.); part. Venus dione auctt. not Linné, 1758 (Atlantic) 

(dronea, dionacea nom. null. auctt.); part. V. radiata auctt. not Perry, 

1811 not Schroeter, 1802; Cytherea semilamellosa Delessert, 1841: pl. 9, 

f. 9 not Gaudichaud, 1863; Dione exspinata Reeve, 1863:14 Diane pl. 6, 

sp. 24. 


Pitar multispinosus (Sowerby, 1851). 

Cytherea nzultispinosa Sowerby, 1851: 632, pl. 132, f. 112; Callista 

longispina MOrch, 1861: 196. 

4S-26N: 11N. 2-15 m. +18° +30°C. Recent. 

Pitar roseus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Cytherea rosea Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 364; part. C. lepida auctt. 

not Chenu, 1847. 

8N-27N: 18N. 50-75 m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Lamellicotzcha Da11, 1902. 

Pitar alternatus (Broderip, 1835). 

Cytherea alternata Broderip, 1835b: 45; part. C. circinatus aucu. not 

Born, 1778 (Caribbean); Diane pura Deshayes, 1853: 68. 


Pitar callicomatus (Da11, 1902). 

Pitaria (Lamelliconcha) callicomata Da11, 1902d: 389, 402, pl. 16, f. 8. 

1N-17N: 8N. 25-110m. +17° +28°C. Recent. 

Pitar concinnus (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea cotzcinna Sowerby, 1835: 23; C. suppositrix Menke, 1850: 145; 

Callista acuticostata auctt. not Gabb, 1873. 


Pitar frizzelli Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Pitar (Lanzelliconcha) frizzelli Hertlein & Strong, 1948: 176, pl. I, f. 1, 

5, 7, pl. 2, f. 11. 

25N-27N: 26N. 80-110 m. +18° +27°C. Recent. 

Pitar hesperius Berry, 1960. 

Pitar (Lamelliconcha) hesperius Berry, 1960: 115. 

23N. 15-40 m. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Pitar paytensis Orbigny, 1845. 

Venus paytensis Orbigny, 1845: 565; Cytherea affinis Broderip, 1835b: 

45 not Venus affitzis Gmelin, 1789; Pitar (Lanzelliconcha)salanga Pilsbry 

& Olsson, 1941: 61, pl. 15, f. 10, 11. 

5S-26N: I IN. 5-40 m. +18° +30°C. Pliocene. 

Pitar tortuosus (Broderip, 1835). 

Cytherea tortuosa Broderip, 1835b: 45; part. C. concitzna auctt. not 


35-28N: 13N. Intertida1-2 m. +22° +32°C. Recent. 

Pitar unicolor (Sowerby, 1835). 

Cytherea unicolor Sowerby, 1835: 23; part. C. lubrica alien. not 

Broderip, 1835: 44; Chione badia Gray, 1838: 306; C. ligula Anton, 

1839: 7. 


Pitar vinaceus (Olsson, 1961). 

Lanzelliconcha circinata vinacea Olsson, 1961: 287, pl. 48, f. 2a, b. 

2S-23N: 1 IN. Intertidal-10 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Pitarella Palmer, 1927. 

Pitar aequinoctialis (Fischer-Piette, 1969). 

Agriopoma aequinoctialis Fischer-Piette, 1969: 1004, f. 14-16. 


Pitar catharius (Dall, 1902). 

Callocardia (Agrioponza) catharia Dall, 1902d: 387, 402, pl. 14, f.3 

(citharia nom. null. auctt.); part. Pitaria tomeana auctt. not Dall, 1902 

(Chile). 

5S-31N: 13N. 10-80 m. +18° +29°C. Recent. 

Pitar mexicanus Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Pitar (Pitarella) mexicanus Hertlein & Strong, 1948: 171, pl. I, f. 3, 8; 

Pitar lenis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 100, pl. 16, f. 6 not Cytherea lenis 

Conrad, 1848. 

9N-31N: 20N. 4-80m. +16° +30°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Tinctoria Jukes-Browne, 1914. 

Pitar vulneratus (Broderip, 1835). 

Cytherea vulnerata Broderip, 1835b: 46. 


Genus Saxidomus Conrad, 1837. 

Saxidonnts brevisiphonatus Carpenter, 1865. 9' 

Saxidomus brevisiphonatus Carpenter, 1864c: 607, 641. 

Extralimital. 

Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes, 1839). 

V enerupis gigantea Deshayes, 1839: 359; Venus maxima Anton in Philippi, 

1846: 151, pl. 2, f. 1; Tapes purpurata Sowerby, 1852: 692, pl. 150, f. 

124, 125; Saxidonzus giganteus brevis Dall, 19 I 6a: 33 nom. and.; 1916b: 

413. 


37N-60N: 48N. Intertidal-40 m. —1° +26°C. Miocene. 

Saxidoznus nuttalli Conrad, 1837. 

Saxidonzus nuttalli Conrad, 1837: 249, pl. 19, f. 12; S. squalidus Deshayes, 

1853: 188; Tapes gracilis Gould in Blake, 1855: 27; Saxidomus 

aratus Gould, 1862: 168 ?S. nuttallii lattis Stewart in Woodring, Stewart 

& Richards, 1941: pl. 8, f. 15, pl. 16, f. 8. 

30N-41N: 36N. Intertidal-5 m +8° +22°C. Miocene. 

Subfamily Tapetinae Gray, 1851. 

nom. transi. et correct. Bowden & Heppell, 1968 ex Tapesina. 

Genus Eurhomalea Cossmann, 1920. 

Eurhomalea decussata (Deshayes, 1853). 

Saxidomus decussatus Deshayes, 1853: 189. 


Eurhomalea exalbida (Dillwyn, 1817). 

Venus exalbida Dillwyn, 1817: 170; Mactra gabbi Tyron, 1870: 170, pl. 

16, f. 7; Mactra magellanica Philippi, 1893: 7, pl. 2, f. 6. 

43S-54S: 49 5 . 10-150 m. +3° + I4°C. Recent. 

Eurhomalea lenticularis (Sowerby, 1835). 

Venus lenticularis Sowerby, 1835: 42. 

245-335: 295 . 10-50 m. + le +26°C. Recent. 

Eurhomalea rufa (Lamarck, 1818). 

Venus rufa Lamarck, 1818: 593 not Tapes rufa Sowerby, 1852; Venus 

opaca Sowerby, 1835: 42; V. expallescens Philippi, 1844: 176; V. 

lithoidea Jonas, 1844: 33. 


Eurhomalea salinensis Ramorino, 1968. 

Eurhomalea salinensis Ramorino, 1968: 218, pl. 3, f. 2, pl. 9, f.2, 3. 

33S. 20m. +13° +21°C. Recent. 

Eurhomalea tenuilamellata (Sowerby, 1853). 

Venus tenuilamellata Sowerby, 1853: 733, pl. 161, f. 195; part. V. 

mortoni alien. not Conrad, 1837 (Atlantic). 

335 . Intertidal. +10° +24°C. Recent. 

Genus Irus Schmidt, 1818. 

Subgenus Notopaphia Oliver, 1923. 

Irus fernandezianus (Stempell, 1899). 

Venerupis fernandeziana Stempell, 1899: 237, pl. 12, f. 22, 23 (fernandesiana 

nom. null. auctt.). 


Subgenus Paphonotia Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Iras ellipticus (Sowerby, 1834). 

Petricola elliptica Sowerby, 1834: 46 not preoc. Venus elliptica 

Lamarck, 1818; Petricola oblonga Sowerby, 1834: 46; P. solida Sowerby, 

1834: 46; ?P. discors Sowerby, 1834: 46; Venerupis paupercula 

Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 5; V. foliacea Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 192 not 

Philippi, 1846; Petricola solidula Sowerby, 1855: 770, pl. 164, f. 17; 

Venerupis finzbriata Sowerby, 1855: 766, pl. 155, f. 23. 


Genus Liocyma Dall, 1870. 

Liocyma fluctuosa (Gould, 1841). 

Venus fiuctuosa Gould, 1838: 107 nom. nud.; 1841: 87, f. 50; V. astar- 

55

toides Middendorff, 1849: 252, pl. 20, f. 5-13 (Beck MS); Tapes arctica 

Reeve, 1864: 14 Tapes pl. 10, sp. 52; Liocyma beckii Dall, 1870: 257; L. 

scammotzi Dall, 1871: 145, pl. 14, f. 9; L. schefferi Bartsch & Rehder, 

1939a: 111, pl. 8, f. la, b. Gomphina (Liocyma)fluctuosapraefluctuosa, 

Krishtofovich in Merklin, 1968: 112, pl. 11, f. 14, pl. 19, f. 1, pl. 20, f. 

10. 


48N-71N: 60N. Intertida1-300 2° +14°C. Recent. 

Liocyma viridis Dall, 1871. 

Liocyma viridis Dall, 1871: 146, pl. 14, f. 8; L. atziwana Dall, 1907b: 

172; L. subanivana Khomenko, 1931: 78, pl. 5, f. 6-8; L. hokkaidoensis 

Habe, 1951: 179, f. 412-414. 

Arctic Ocean, Northwest Pacific. 

55N-71N: 63N. 20-70 m. —3° +11°C. Recent. 

Genus Psephidia Dall, 1902. 

Psephidia cymata Dall, 1913. 

Psephidia cymata Dall, 1413: 593. 


Psephidia lordi (Baird, 1863). 

Chione lordi Baird, 1863a: 69; part. Psephis tellitnyalis auctt. not 

Carpenter, 1864. 

33N-61N: 47N. Intertidal-70 m. 0 + 16°C. Pliocene. 

Psephidia ovalis Dall, 1902. 

Psephidia ovalis Dall, 1902d: 401, 407, pl. 16, f. 4. 


Psephidia stephensae Hertlein & Grant, 1972. 

Psephidia stephensae Hertlein & Grant, 1972: 280, pl. 44, f. 21, 22, 26; 

part. P. cymata auctt. not Dall, 1913. 


Genus Tapes Megerle, 1811. 

Subgenus Ruditapes Chiamenti, 1900. 

Tapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850). 

Venus philippinarum Adams & Reeve in Adams, 1850: 79, pl. 32, f. 10; 

Tapes denticulata Sowerby, 1852: 694, pl. 150, f. 114; T. biradiata 

Deshayes, 1853: 9, pl. 19, f. 5; T. quadriradiata Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 

9, pl. 19, f. 6; T. grata Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 9; T. japonica Deshayes 

in Gray, 1853: 10; T. semidecussata Reeve, 1864: 14 Tapes pl. 13, sp. 67 

(Deshayes MS); Paphia bifurcata Quayle, 1938: 139. 


37N-52N: 45N. Intertidal. 0 + 23°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Clementiinae Frizzell, 1936. 

nom. transi. Keen, 1951 ex Clementiidae. 

Genus Clementia Gray, 1842. 

Subgenus Egesta Conrad, 1845. 

Clementia souda Dall, 1902. 

Clementia souda Dall, 1902d: 384, 401, pl. 14, f. 4. 

0-28N: 14N. Depth unknown. Pliocene. 

Sensu lato. 

Clementia gracillima Carpenter, I857.' 

Clementia gracillima Carpenter. I857b: 54. 

23N. nain. dub. Recent. 

Genus Compsomyax Stewart, 1930. 

Compsomyax subdiaphana (Carpenter, 1864). 

Clementia subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 607, 640; part. Cytherea 

oregonensis auctt. not Conrad, 1848; Saxidomus gibbosus Gabb, 1869: 

58, pl. 16, f. 18a, b; Callista subdiaphana pedroatza Arnold, 1903: 144, 

Pi. 13, f. 2; Clenzentia obliqua Jukes-Brown, 1913: 59, pl. I, f. 1, 2. 

28N-61N: 45N. 2-550m. 0 + 16°C. Miocene. 

Subfamily Cyclininae Frizzell, 1936. 

Genus Cyclinella Dall, 1902. 

56 

Cyclinella jadisi Olsson, 1961. 

Cyclinella jadisi Olsson, 1961:264, pl. 43, f. 2, a. 


Cyclinella kroeyeri (Philippi, 1847). 

Venus krôyeri Philippi, I 847: 87; Artemis variegata awn. not Gray, 1838 

(Indo-Pacific). 


Cyclinella producta (Carpenter, 1856). 

Cyclinella producta Carpenter, I856c: 161. 


Cyclinella saccata (Gould, 1851). 

Arthemis saccata Gould, 1851: 91;part. Arthemis subquadrata auctt. not 

Hanley, 1845. 

9S-26N: 9N. 5-50 m. +17° +30°C. Recent. 

Cyclinella singleyi Dall, 1902. 

Cyclinella singleyi Dall, 1902d: 392, 404, pl. 15, f. 3; Cyclina tenuis 

auctt. not Recluz, 1852 (Atlantic); Cyclinella galera Pilsbry & Olsson, 

1941: 66, pl. 12, f. 1, pl. 14, f. 4. 


Cyclinella subquadrata (Hanley, 1845). 

Artemis subquadrata Hanley, I845a: 11; A. macilenta Reeve, 1850: 6 

Artemis pl. 9, sp. 51; part. Arthemis saccata (mat . not Gould, 1851; part. 

Cyclina tenuis aucti. not Recluz, 1852 (Atlantic). 


0-5S: 2S. Intertidal-50 m. +16° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Cyclinella ulloana Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Cyclinella kroyeri ulloana Hertlein & Strong, 1948:179, pl. 2, f. 5-7; 

Venus kroyeri auctt. not Philippi, 1847. 

23N-27N: 25N. 10-50 m. +19° +31°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Gemminae Dall, 1902. 

Genus Gemma Deshayes, 1853. 

Gemma gemma (Totten, 1834)." 

Venus gemma Totten, 1834: 367, f. 2; Cyrena purpurea Lea, 1842: 106, 

pl. 1, f. 1; Gemma tottenii Stimpson, 1860: 3. 


33 1'I , 48N. Intertidal. Recent, 

Family Turtoniidae Clark, 1855. 

Genus Turtonia Alder, 1848. 

Turtonia minuta (Fabricius, 1780). 

Venus minutus Fabricius, 1780: 412. 

Circumboreal. 

40N-60N: 50N. Intertidal —3° +20°C Recent. 

Turtonia occidentalis Dall, 1871. 

Turtonia occidentalis Dall, 1871: 150, pl. 14, f. 12, 13; part. Venus 

'Winans auctt. not Fabricius, 1780. 

58N-60N: 59N. Intertidal-5m. — 2° + 12°C Recent. 

Family Cooperellidae Dall, 1900. 

Genus Cooperella Carpenter, 1864. 

Subgenus Cooperella s.s. 

Cooperella panamensis Olsson, 1961. 

Cooperella panamensis Olsson, 1961: 319, pl. 84, f. 5. 

9N-18N: 14N. 10-80 ni. +16° +27°C. Recent. 

Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter, 1864). 

Oedalia subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864c: 639; 0. (Cooperella) scintillaefortnis 

Carpenter, 1864c: 611, 639. 

25N-40N: 33N. 10-45 in. +9 +26°C. Pleistocene. 

Family Petricolidae Orbigny, 1837 in Webb & Berthelot. 

Genus Petricola Lamarck, 1801. 

Subgenus Petricola s.s.

Petricola charapota Olsson, 1961. 

Petricola (Naranio) charapota Olsson, 1961: 317, pl. 54, f. 7. 

1 S. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Petricola exarata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Rupellaria exarata Carpenter, I 857a: 244 noniatud.; 1857b: 20; R. 

lin guafelis Carpenter, 1857a: 244 nom. mid., 1857b: 20 Naranio scobina 

Carpenter, 1857a: 244 nom. mid.; 1857b: 529; Petricola anachoreta 

Folin, 1867b: 18, pl. 3, f. 1-4; Cypricardianoemi Folin, 1867b: 24, pl. 4, 

f. 12; Petricola (Naranio) botula Olsson, 1961: 317, pl. 55, f. 7, a, 8. 

9N-23N: I6N. Intertidal-5 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Petricola lucasana Hertlein & Strong, 1948. 

Petricola (Petricola) lucasana Hertlein & Strong, 1948: 194, pl. 2, f. 4, 

9; part. P. robusta auctt. not Sowerby, 1834. 

16N-3IN:24N. Intertidal-10 m. +14° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Petricolaria Stoliczka, 1870. 

Petricola amygdalina Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola amygdalina Sowerby, 1834: 47. 


3S-2N: 0. Intertidal-10 m. +16° +33°C. Recent. 

Petricola calerniensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933. 

Petricola californiensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933: 97, pl. 13, f. 7-9; part.P. 

denticulata auctt. not Sowerby, 1834. 


Petricola concinna Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola concinna Sowerby, 1834: 46. 


Petricola gracilis Deshayes, 1853. 

Petricola gracilis Deshayes in Gray, 1853: 214; P. gracilis parallela 

Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 99, pl. 13, f. 4. 


Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck, 1818. 99 

Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck, 1818: 505. 


38N-56N: 47N. Intertidal. Recent. 

Petricola rugosa Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola rugosa Sowerby, 1834:47; Mytilus niveus alien. not Chemnitz, 

1785 (Indo-Pacific); Petricola tends Sowerby, 1834: 47; P. chiloensis 

Philippi, 1845b: 53; P. rhyssodes Philippi, 1887: 160, pl. 25, f. 12. 

18S-45S; 32S. Intertidal-10 m. +8° +19°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Rupellaria Fleuriau, 1802. 

Petricola carditoides (Conrad, 1837). 

Saxicava carditoides Conrad, 1837: 255, pl. 20, f. 8; S. californica 

Conrad, 1837: 256, pl. 20, f. 9; part. S. legumen alien. not Deshayes, 

1839: Petricola arcuata Deshayes, 1839: 358; P. cylindracea Deshayes; 

1839: 358; Ungulina luticola Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 

24, f. 5; Petricola gibba Middendorff, 1849: 573, pl. 18, f. 5-7; P. 

mirabilis alien. not Deshayes in Gray, 1853 (Japan); Saxicava pedroana 

Conrad, 1855: 13; S. abrupta Conrad, 1855: 13; Petricola binvaldi Clark, 

1915: 476, pl. 60, f. 6. 

28N-57N: 43N. Intertidal-50 m. 0 +25°C. Miocene. 

Petricola denticulata Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola denticulata Sowerby, 1834: 36; P. dact.v1 us auctt . not Sowerby, 

1834 (South Atlantic); Venerupis peruviana Jay, 1839: 13, 113 not 

Petricola peruviana Olsson, 1961; Petricola ventricosa Deshayes in 

Gray, 1853: 244 not Krause, 1848. 

5 5-29N: I 2N. Intertidal +19° +33°C. Pliocene. 

Petricola olssoni nom. nov.'' 

Petricola (Petricola) peruviana Olsson, 1961: 315, pl. 55, f. 9 not 

Venerupis peruviana Jay, 1839; ?Petricola ovata Troschel, 1825: 204. 

2S-5S: 3S. Intertidal + 19° + 3 I °C. Recent. 

Petricola robusta Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola robusta Sowerby, 1834: 47 not Philippi, 1848; P. sinuosa 

Conrad, 1849: 155; P. bulbosa Gould, 1851: 88; P. venusta Folin, 1867b: 

20, pl. 3, f. 5-7. 

35-3IN: 14N. Intertidal +13° +32°C. Recent. 

Petricola tellhnyalis (Carpenter, 1864). 

Psephis tellimyalis Carpenter, 1864e: 641; part. Petricola denticulata 

auctt. not Sowerby, 1834; part. Rupellaria californiensis auctt. not 

Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 


Sensu lato. 

Petricola discors Sowerby, 1834. 

Petricola discors Sowerby, 1834: 46. nom. dub. 

7S. 

Order MYOIDA Stoliczka, 1870. 

nom. correct. Newell, 1965 ex Myacea. 

Suborder MYINA Stoliczka, 1870. 

nom. trans!. et correct. Newell, 1965 ex Myacea. 

Superfamily MYACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. trans!. Gill, 1871 ex Myacea Goldfuss, 1820 ex myaires. 

Family Myidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Broderip, 1839 pro Myacea Goldfuss, 1820 ex myaires. 

Subfamily Myinae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transi. Habe, 1977 ex myaires. 

Genus Mya Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Mya s.s. 

Mya pseudoarenaria Schlesch, 1931. 

Mya (Mya) pseudoaretzaria Schlesch, 1931: 136, pl. 93, f. 10-12; part. 

M. arenaria audit, not Linné, 1758; M. truncata avala Jensen, 1900: 139, 

f. 3, 4 not Mya ovata Donovan, 1802. 

Arctic, North Atlantic 


Mya truncata Linné, 1758. 

Mya truncata Linné, 1758: 670;M. ovalis Turton, 1822: 33, pl. 3, f. I , 2; 

not Conrad, 1857; Sphenia swainsoni Turton, 1822: 37, pl. 19, f. 2; M. 

truncata uddevalensis Forbes, 1846: 407; M. praecisa Gould, 1850: 215; 

M. truncata abbreviata Jeffreys, 1865: 67. 


48N-71N: 59N. Intertidal-100 m2° + I6°C. Miocene. 

Mya uzenensis Nomura & Zinbo, 1937. 

Mya uzenetzsis Nomura & Zinbo, 1937: 167, pl. 22, f. 17; part. M. 

arenaria auctt. not Linné, 1758; M. priapus auctt. not Tilesius, 1822 

(Steller MS) nom. oblit. 


Subgenus Arenonzya Winckworth, 1930. 

Mya arenaria, Linné, 1758. 101 

Mya arenaria Linné, 1758: 670;M M. communis Megerle, 1811: 46;M M. lata 

Sowerby, 1815: 185, pl. 81; M. acuta Say, 1822: 313; M. mercenaria 

Say, 1822: 313; M. subovata Woodward, 1833: 43, pl. 2, f. 5; M. 

subtruncata Woodward, 1833: 43, pl. 2, f. 6; M. alba Agassiz, 1839: 1; 

M. corpulenta Conrad, 1845:68, pl. 39, f. 1; M japonica Jay, 1856: 292, 

pl. 1, f. 7, 10; M. hemphilli Newcombe, 1875: 415; M. elongata Locard, 

1886: 383, 586; M. paternalis Matsumoto, 1930: 98, pl. 39, f. 2; M. 

oonogai Makiyama, 1935: 137, text- f. i. 

Circumboreal 

37N 60N: 48N. Intertidal. —4° +24°C. Miocene. 

Mya profundior Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Mya (Mya) arenaria profiindior, Grant & Gale, 1931: 414; part. M. 

arenaria auctt. not Linné, 1758; M. crassa Grewingk, 1850:355, pl. 6, f. 

2a—d not Vallot, 1801 not Wood, 1815; Ait alma elegans Eichwald, 1871: 

119 not Philippi, 1844; Mya intermedia Dall, 1898: 857 not Sowerby, 

1814 not Sowerby, 1823. 


Genus Platyodon Conrad, 1837. 

Subgenus Platyodon s.s. 

Recent. 

Platyodon cancellatus (Conrad, 1837). 

Mya cancellata Conrad, 1837: 236, pl. 18, f. 2; Cryptodonta myoicles 

57

Carpenter, 1864e: 525 (Nuttall MS). 

33N-55N: 44N. Intertidal-20 m. -1° +17°C. Pliocene. 

Subgenus Austroplatyodon Olsson, 1961. 

Platyodon australis Olsson, 1961. 

Platyodon (Austroplatyodon) australis Olsson, 1961:424, pl. 76, f. 6, a; 

Mya cancellata awe, not Conrad, 1837. 

2S. Intertidal. +200 +31°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Cryptomyinae Habe, 1977. 

Genus Ciyptomya Conrad, 1848. 

Subgenus Cryptomya s.s. 

Cryptomya californica (Conrad, 1837). 

Sphaenia californica Conrad, 1837: 234, pl. 17, f. 11; Mya (Cryptomya) 

ovalis Conrad, 1857a: 69, pl. 2, f. 2 not Turton, 1822;M. tenuis Philippi, 

1887: 163, pl. 23, f. 11 flot Schroeter, 1802; Cryptomya oregonensis 

Dall, I909a: 132, pl. 1 1 , f. 4; C. quadrata Arnold, 1909: 71, pl. 21, f. 2, 

a; C. washingtoniana Weaver, 1912: 70, pl. 13, f. 114; C. magna Dall, 

1921: 17; C. busoensis Yokoyama, 1922: 126, pl. 7, f. 1, a, 2, a; Mya 

inopia Hanna, 1924: 172; Cryptomya kamtschatica Ilyina, 1963: 110, pl. 

44, f. 2, 2. 


55-60N: 33N. Intertidal-80 m. +1° +35°C. Miocene. 

Subfamily Spheniinae nov. IO2 

Genus Sphenia Turton, 1822. 

Sphenia hatcheri Pilsbry, 1899. 

Sphenia hatcheri Pilsbry, 1899:129, pl. 1, f. 5, 6; S. subequalis Dall, 

1908e: 422. 

52S-54S: 53S. Intertidal-150 m:- 1° + I2°C. Recent. 

Sphenia luticola (Valenciennes, 1846). 

Corbula luticola Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 7a, b; 

Tyleria fragilis H. Adams 8r A. Adams, 1854: 368, pl. 97, f. 3, a; 

Sphaenia fragilis Carpenter, 1857b: 24; S. pacificensis Folin, 1867b: 15, 

pl. 2, f. 10, 11; S. trunculus Dall, 1916a: 41 nom. nid.; 1916b: 415; S. 

pholadidea Dall, 1916a: 41 nom. nud.; I916b: 415; Cuspidaria nana 

Oldroyd, 1918: 28; Sphenia globule Dall, 1919a: 370. 



Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter, 1864. 

Sphaenia ovoidea Carpenter, 1864e: 602, 637. 

48N-56N: 52N. 5-15 m. +2° +14°C. Recent. 

Family Corbulidae Lamarck, 1818. 

nom. correct. Broderip, 1839 ex corbulidees. 

Subfamily Corbulinae Gray, 1823. 

nom. transi. Stoliczka, 1870 ex Corbularia. 

Genus Corbula Bruguiére, 1797. 

Subgenus Caryocorbula Gardner, 1926. 

Corbula amethystina Olsson, 1961. 

Corbula (Caryocorbula) amethystina Olsson, 1961: 429, pl. 75, f. I a-c. 

2S-10N: 4N. 5-10 m. +20° +29 °C. Recent. 

Corbula luteola Carpenter, 1864. 

Corbula luteola Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 637; C. luteola rosea Williamson, 

1905: 120 not Corbula rosea Reeve, 1844. 


Corbula marmorata Hinds, 1843. 

Corbula marmorata Hinds, 1843a:58; C. erythrodon auctt. not Lamarck, 

1818 (Japan). 

2S-28N: I3N. 10-30 m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Corbula nasuta Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbula nasuta Sowerby, 1833: 35 not Conrad, 1833; C. fragilis Hinds, 

1843a: 56; C. pustulosa Carpenter, 1857b: 22. 

3S-32N: 15N. 5-30 m. + le +30°c. Recent. 

Corbula nuciformis Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbula nuciformis Sowerby, 1833; 35 not Corbulomina nuciformis 

58 

Vokes, 1945. 

1S-27N: 13N. 10-90 m. +IC +29°C. Recent. 

Corbula obesa Hinds, 1843. 

Corbula obesa Hinds, 1843a: 57. 


Corbula ovulata Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbula ovulata Sowerby, 1833: 35. 

14S-30N: 8N. 2-55 m. 

Corbula porcella Dall, 1916. 

Corbula porcella Dall, I916a: nom. nud.; 19166:415. 

17N-33N: 25N. 60-100 m. +10° +26°C. Recent. 

Corbula ventricosa Adams & Reeve, 1850. 

Corbula ventricosa Adams & Reeve in Adams, 1850: 83, pl. 23, f. 12. 

8N-29N: 19N. 50-90 m. +15° +27°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Hexacorbula Olsson, 1932. 

Corbula esmeralda Olsson, 1961. 

Corbula (Hexacorbula) esmeralda Olsson, 1961: 432, pl. 76, f. 3a-c. 

2S. 5-10 m. -1-16° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Juliacorbula Olsson & Harbison, 1953. 

Corbula bicarinata Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbula bicarinata Sowerby, 1833: 35; C. alba Philippi, 1846: 19. 



Corbula biradiata Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbula biradiata Sowerby, 1833: 35; C. rubra C. B. Adams, 1852: 299; 

C. polychroma Gould & Carpenter, 1857: 198. 



Corbula ecuabula Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941. 

Corbula ecuabula Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 75, pl. 12, f. 3-5. 

25-45: 3S. Intertidal. +20° -I- 31°C. Pliocene. 

Corbula elenensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Juliacorbula elenensis Olsson, 1961: 438, pl. 77, f. 5. 

IS-4S: 3S. Intertidal-20 m. +18° +31°C. Recent. 

Corbula ira Dall, 1908. 

Corbula (Cuneocorbula) ira Dall, 1908e: 221, 423. 

7N. 330 m. +10° +14°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Panamicorbula Pilsbry, 1932. 

Corbula cylindrica (Morrison, 1946). 

Patzamicorbula cylindrica Morrison, 1946: 47, pl. 1, f. 15, 17. 


Corbula inflata (C. B. Adams, 1852). 

Potamomya inflata C. B. Adams, 1852: 520; P. aequalis C. B. Adams, 

1852: 519 (1st rev.); P. trigonalis C. B. Adams, 1852: 520; Corbula 

macdonaldi Dall, 1912a: 3. 

4S-23N: ION. Intertida1-45 m. +16° +32°C. Pleistocene. 

Subgenus Serracorbula Olsson, 1961. 

Corbula tumaca (Olsson, 1961). 

Serracorbula tumaca Olsson, 1961: 433, pl. 76, f. 4a-d. 

3 5-11N: 4N. Intertidal. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Tenuicorbula Olsson, 1932. 

Corbula tenuis Sowerby, 1833. 

Corbtzla tenuis Sowerby, 1833: 36 not Moody, 1916; C. glypta Li, 1930: 

264, pl. 5, f. 38, a. 

35-8N: 3N. Intertidal. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Varicorbula Grant & Gale, 1931. 

-1-14° +31°C. Recent. 

Corbula speciosa Reeve, 1843. 

Corbula speciosa Reeve, 1843: 2 Corbula pl. 1, op. 6; C. radiata 

Sowerby, 1833: 36 not Deshayes, 1824. 

7N-27N: 17N. 5-40 m. +16° -I-30°C. Recent.

Sensu lato. 

Corbula kelseyi DaII, 1916. 

Corbula kelseyi Da11, 19I6a: 41 nom. nud.; 1916b: 416. 

33N-35N: 34N. Depth unknown. Recent. 

Corbula bof dnea Carpenter, 1857. 

Corbula boivinea Carpenter, 1857a: 300 (boivinei nom. van. Carpenter, 1860). 

Nom. nud. 

Family Spheniopsidae Gardner, 1928. 

Genus Grippina Da11, 1912. 

Grippina berryana Keen, 1971. 

Grippina berryana Keen, 1971: 270, f. 693. 

24N-26N: 25N. 5-90 m. +21° +30°C. Recent. 

Grippina californica Da11, 1912. 

Grippina californica Da11, 1912b: 128. 

28N-33N: 31N. 93m. + 1 I ° + 18°C. Recent. 

SUperfaMIly GASTROCHAENACEA Gray, 1840. 

nom. transi. Thiele, 1934 ex Gastrochaenidae. 

Family Gastrochaenidae Gray, 1840. 

nom. correct. H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 pro Gastrochaenadae. 

Genus Gastrochaena Spengler, 1783. 

Subgenus Gastrochaena s.s. 

Gastrochaena denticulata Deshayes, 1855. 

Gastrochaena denticulata Deshayes, 1855: 327; part. G. ovata alien. not 


12S-6N: 3S. Intertidal. +17° +31°C. Recent. 

Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby, 1834. 

Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby, 1834:21; G. brevis Sowerby, 1834:21; G. 

hyalina Sowerby, 1834; 22; part. G. denticulata alien. not Deshayes, 

1855. 

Clipperton, Galapagos Islands, and Atlantic. 


Gastrochaena rugulosa Sowerby, 1834. 

Gastrochaena rugulosa Sowerby, 1834: 22; G. ecuadoriensis Olsson, 

1961: 440, pl. 80, f. 8, a. 


0-2S. Intertidal. +18° +31°C. Recent. 

Gastrochaena truncata Sowerby, 1834. 

Gastrodtaena truncata Sowerby, 1834: 21; G. folini Deshayes in Folin, 

1867a: 11, pl. 1, f. 6. 


Superfamily HIATELLACEA Gray, 1824. 

nom. transi. Newell, 1965 ex Hiatellidae. 

Family Hiatellidae Gray, 1824. 

nom. correct. Winckworth, 1932 pro Hyatelladae. 

Genus Cyrtodaria Reuss, 1801. 

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 1861. 

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 1861 b: 38; part. Mya siliqua audt. not 

Chemnitz, 1775; Cyrtodaria camdenensis Dall, 1920: 27, 33, pl. 5, f. 7. 



Genus Hiatella Bosc, 1802 (Daudin MS). 

Subgenus Hiatella s.s. 

Hiatella antarctica (Philippi, 1845). 

Saxicava antarctica Philippi, 1845: 51; S. chilensis Hupé in Gay, 1854: 

379, pl. 8, f. 7; S. frigida: 101; S. lebruni: 102; S. mollis: 102 all Mabille 

& Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889; S. subantarctica Preston, 

1913: 223, pl. 4, f. 12. 


425-54S: 48S. Intertidal-20 m. —1° +11°C. Pleistocene. 

Hiatella arctica (Linné, 1767). 

Mya arctica Linné, 1767: 1113; Solen minutus Linné, 1767: 1115; Mya 

byssifera Fabricus, 1780: 408; Hiatella monoperta Bose. 1802: 120, pl. 

21, f. 1; H. biaperta Bosc, 1802: 120, pl. 21, f. 2; Saxicava striata 

Fleuriau, 1802:349, 354; Didonta bicarinata Schumacher, 1817: 125, pl. 

6, f. 2a, b; Saxicava ungana Grewinck, 1850: 354, pl. 6. f. I, a-c; 

Sphenia bilirata Gabb, 1861: 369 ?Saxicavallaccida Gould, 1861: 24; S. 

orientalis Yokoyarna, 1920: 106, pl. 7, f. 2, 3; Petricola awana 

Yokoyama, 1924:42, pl. 2, f. 12, 13, pl. 13, f. I; Saxicava sakhalinensis 

Takeda, 1953: 88, pl. 7, f. 11-16. 


10N-71N: 4IN. Intertidal-800 m.— 1° + 19°C. Miocene. 

Hiatella pholadis (Linné, 1771). 

Mytilus pholadis Linné, 1771: 548 (Mytilis nom. null .); part. Mya arctica 

auctt. not Linné, 1767; part. Mytilus rugosus auctt. not Linné, 1767; 

Saxicava legumen Deshayes, 1839: 358; S. distorta Say, 1822: 318; S. 

clava Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 124, f. 8. 

Circumboreal. 

48N-68N: 58N. Intertidal-10 m. —3° + I5 °C. Pliocene. 

Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834). 

Saxicava souda Sowerby, 1834: 88; part. Mya mrtica alien. not Linné, 

1767; Saxicava tenus Sowerby, 1834: 88; S. purintrascens Sowerby, 

1834: 88; S. meridionalis Orbigny, 1846: 521, pl. 81, f. 21-22. 

435-8N: I8S. Intertidal-10 m. +9° +26°C. Pleistocene. 

Genus Panomya Gray, 1857. 

Panomya ampla Dall, 1898. 

Panomya ampla Dall, 1898: 833; part. Mya norvegica auctt. not Spengler, 

1793 not Gmelin, 1791. 

Arctic Ocean, Northwest Pacific. 

60N-71N: 66N. 10-50 m. —2° +7°C. Miocene. 

Panomya arctica (Lamarck, 1818). 

Glycimeris arctica Lamarck, 1818: 458; part. Mya norwegica auctt. not 

Spengler, 1793 not Gmelin, 1791 not Pattopaea norvegica Middendorff, 

1849; Mya priapus Tilesius, 1822: 295, pl. 9 + I (Steller MS) Pationiya 

arctica turgida Dall, 1916a: 41 nom. nud.; I916b: 416; P. nipponica 

Nomura & Hatai, I935a: 20, pl. 1, f. 7a, b. 

Circumboreal, Arctic Ocean. 

60N-68N: 64N. intertidal-80 m. —2° +7°C. Pliocene. 

Panomya beringiana Dall, 1916. 

Panomya beringiana Dall, 19I6a:41 nom. nud.; 1916b: 416; P. gigantea 

Kanno, 1957: 14, pl. 2, f. 1, 2a, b. 



Panomya chrysis Dall, 1909. 

Panomya chrysis Dall, I909a: 133, pl. 11, f. 7; part. P. ampla alien. not 

Dall, 1898; P. trapezoidis Strand), 1972: 61, pl. 4, f. I, 3, 4, 6, 12, 14. 

51N-60N: 56N. 10-150 m. — I° +10°C. Miocene. 

Genus Panope Menard, 1807. 

Panope abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1839). In' 

Panopaea abbreviata Valenciennes, 1839: 18, pl. 4, f. I not Michelotti, 1839; P. 

coquimbensisOrbigny, 1842: 126, pl. 15, f. 7, 8; P. alum-erica Gould, 1850: 214 P. 

guayaeanensi.s. Philippi, 1887: 167, pl. 34, f. 2; Panope iruneata Borche rt in 

Steinmann 1901: 212, pl. 9, f. 1, 2; Panopaea inferior Wilckens, 1907: 143, pl. 6, 

f. I; P. hauthali Wilckens, 1907: 145, pl. 6, f. 2. 


54S. Depth unknown. Pliocene. 

Panope abrupta (Conrad, 1849). 1'4 

Mya abrupta Conrad in Dana, 1849: 723, pl. 17, f. 5; Panope japonica A. 

Adams, I850a: 170, pl. 6, f. 5; Panopaea generosa Gould, 1851: 215; 

Glycymeris estrellana Conrad, 1857b: 194, pl. 7, f. 5; Panopaea fragilis 

Gould, 1861: 25; P. generosa sagrinata Gould, 1861: 25; Panopea 

generosa solida Dall, 1898: 831; Panope generosa taeniata Dall, 191 8a: 

59

24, 25; P. tenuis Wiedey, 1928: 154, pl. 20, f. 4; P. (Panotnya) vaskuchevskensis 

Ilyina, 1963: 120, pl. 53, f. 2, a, 3. 



Panope globosa (Dall, 1898). 

Panopea generosa globosa Dall, 1898: 831. 

Gulf of California. 


Genus Saxicavella Fischer, 1878. 

Saxicavella pacifica Dall, 1916. 

Saxicavella pacifica Dall, 1916a: 42 nom. nud.; 1916b: 416. 

32N-34N: 33N. 7-440 m. +5° +19°C. Recent. 

Suborder PFIOLADINA H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858. 

nom. transi. et correct. Newell, 1965 ex Pholadacea. 

Superfamily PHOLADACEA Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. transi. et correct. Turner, 1955 ex pholadaires. 

Family Pholadidae Lamarck, 1809. 

nom. correct. Vokes, 1967 pro pholadaires. 

Subfamily Pholadinae Lamarck, 1809. 

!tom. transi. et correct. Vokes, 1967 ex pholadaires. 

Genus Barnea (Leach MS) Risso, 1826. 

Subgenus Anchomasa Gray, 1852 (Leach MS). 

Barnea lamellosa (Orbigny, 1846). 

Pholas lamellosa Orbigny, 1846:498, pl. 77, f. 20, 21; part. P. subtruncata 

alien. not Sowerby, 1834. 


205-545: 375 . Intertidal. +2° +20°C. Recent. 

Barnea subtruncata (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas subtruncata Sowerby, 1834: 69; P. spathulata Deshayes, 1843a: 

Pi. 79 not Sowerby, 1849; P. pacifica Stearns, 1871: 1; part. Zirfaea 

pilsbryi auctt. not Lowe, 1931. 


Genus Cyrtopkura Tryon, 1862. 

Subgenus Cyrtopleura s.s. 

Cyrtopleura cruciger (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas cruciger Sowerby, 1834: 69 (crucigera nom. van., cruc(era nom. 

null. auctt.) 

4S-28N: 12N. Intertidal. + le +32°C. Recent. 

.Genus Pholas Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Thovana Gray, 1847 (Leach MS). 

Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782. 

Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782:204; part. P. campechiensis alien. not 

Gmelin, 1791 (Atlantic), P. chiloensis parva Sowerby, 1834: 69 not P. 

parva Pennant, 1777;P. laqueata Sowerby, 1849: 486, pl. 103, f. 19, 20; 

P. macrostoma Philippi, 1858: 23; P. (Dactylina) refer Morch, 1860: 

177 (ritifer nom. null.); P. dilecta Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 88, pl. 11, f. 8, 

9. 


Sensu lato. 

Pholas cornea Sowerby, 1834.' 

Pholas cornea Sowerby, 1834: 72. 

8N nom. club. 

Genus Zirfaea Gray, 1842 (Leach MS) 

Zirfuea crispala (Linné, 1758)) °' 

Mya crispala Linné, 1758: 670. 

Introduced from Atlantic, probably not established. 

Zirfaea pilsbryii Lowe, 1931. 

Zirfaea pilsbryii Lowe, 1931: 53, pl. 3, f. 1, 2; Pholas crispata alien. not 

Linné, 1758 (Atlantic); ?P. constricta Sowerby, 1849: 489, pl. 104, f. 27, 

28; not Philipps, 1829 not Rfirner, 1851; part. Zirphaea dentata auctt. not 

60 

Recent. 

Gabb, 1866; part. Z. gabbii aucct. not Tryon, 1863; Zitfaea gabbi femii 

Adegoke, 1967: 17 nommud; 1969, 154 pl. 9, f 2, 8, 11, 12, pl. 10 f3,5, 

6, 13. 


24N-70N: 47N. Inte rtidal-125 m.— l° +25°C. Pliocene. 

Subfamily Martesiinae Grant & Gale, 1931. 

Genus Chaceia Turner, 1955. 

Chaceia ovoidea (Gould, 1851). 

Pholas ovoidea Gould, 1851: 87; part. Zirphaea gabbii auctt. not Tyron, 

1863. 


Genus Diplothyra Tryon, 1862. 

Diplothyra curta (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas curta Sowerby, 1834: 71. 

17N-30N: 24N. Intertidal-18 in. +14° +31 °C. Recent. 

Genus Martesia Sowerby, 1824. (Leach MS) 

Subgenus Martesia s.s. 

Martesia fragilis Verrill & Bush, 1898. 

Martesia (Martesiella) fragilis Verrill & Bush, 1898: 777, pl. 79, f. 10; 

Pholadidea minuscula Dall, 1908c: 222; P. (Diploplax) exquisita Bausch 

& Rehder, 1945: 10, pl. 3, f. 17-18; I'. (Diploplax) bahamensis Bausch 

& Rehder, 1945: 11, pl. 3, f. 15, 16. 

Atlantic Ocean. 

9N-20N: 15N. Floating. +20° +30°C. Recent. 

Martesia striata (Linné, 1758). 

Pholas striata Linné, 1758: 669; P falcata Wood, 1815: 84, pl. 16, f. 5-7 

not Sowerby in Reeve, 1872; P. clavata Lamarck, 1818: 446; P. tenuistriata 

Blainville, 1826: 531; Penitella xilophaga Valenciennes in Petit- 

Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 2 not Pholas striata Deshayes, 1835; P. rosea 

C.B. Adams, 1850: 75; P. beauiana Recluz, 1853: 49, pl. 2, f. 1-3; part. 

M. intercalata auctt. not Carpenter, 1857; Pholas cupula Yokoyama, 

1924a: 37, pl. 2, f. 15; Martesia striata tokyoensis Yokoyama, 1927: 428, 

PI. 48, f. 2-3; M. pulchella Yokoyama, 1932: 238, pl. 2, f. 5; Hiata 

infelix Zetek & McLean, 1936: 110, pl. 8, f. 1-4; Martesia hawaiiensis 

Dall, Bausch & Rehder, 1938: 205, pl. 52, f. 1-7; Mesopholas intusgranosa 

Taki & Habe, 1945: 110; M. nucicola Taki & Habe, 1945: 

110; Martesia (Diploplax)funisicola Bausch & Rader, 1945: 10, 14, pl. 

3, f. 1-2; M. (Diploplax) americana Bausch & Rehder, 1945: 10, 13, pl. 

2, f. 1, 2, pl. 3, f. 3, 4. 


3S-31N: I4N. Floating. - I- 19° +32°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Particoma Bausch & Rehder, 1945. 

Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822). 

Pholas cuneifortnis Say, 1822: 322; P. caribaea Orbigny in Sagra, 1842: 

PI. 25, f. 20-22; P falcata Sowerby in Reeve, 1872: 18 Pholas pl. 12, sp. 

51 (Gray MS) not Wood, 1815. 

Galapagos Islands, Atlantic, 

1S-9N: 4N. Intertidal. -I- l8 +32°C. Recent. 

Genus Parapholas Conrad, 1848. 

Parapholas acuminata (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas acuminata Sowerby, 1834:70 not Conrad, 1845. 


Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837). 

Pholas californica Conrad, 1837: 236, pl. 18, f. 5, 6; P. janellii Deshayes, 

1839: 357. 


Parapholas calva (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas calva Sowerby, 1834: 69 (Gray MS); P calva nana Sowerby, 

1834: 70; Parapholas bisulcata Conrad, 1849: 156. 


1S-29N: 13N. Intertidal. +17° +32°C. Recent.

Genus Penitella Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846. 

Penitella conradi Valenciennes, 1846. 

Penitella conradi Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 1 a,b; 

Navea subglobosa Gray, 1851: 385; Martesia intercalata Carpenter, 

1857b: 13; Navae newcombii Tryon, 1865: 39, pl. 2, f. 1-3; Penitella 

parva Tryon, 1865: 39, pl. 2, f. 4, 5 not P. chiloensis parva Sowerby, 

1834. 


Penitella fitchi Turner, 1955. 

Penitella fitchi Turner, 1955: 71, pl. 40-42. 


Penitella gabbii (Tryon, 1863). 

Zirphaea gabbii Tryon, 1863: 144, pl. 1, f. 1; part. Pholas crispata auctt 

not Linné, 1758. 

30N-60N: 45N. Intertidal. +2° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Penitella kamakurensis (Yokoyama, 1922). 

Jouannetia kamakurensis Yokoyama, 1922: 120, pl. 6, f. 60; part. 

Pholas penita auctt. not Conrad, 1837; part. Navea subglobosa auctt . not 

Gray, 1851; Pholadidea (Monoplax) dolichothyra Thang, Tsi, & Li, 

1960:72, 85, f. 9; P. (Monoplax) acutithyra Thang, Tsi, & Li, 1960: 73, 

85, f. 10. 

Northwest Paci fic. 


Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837). 

Pholas penita Conrad, 1837: 237, pl. 18, f. 7;P. concamerata Deshayes, 

1839: 357, b; Penitella spelaea Conrad, 1855: 16 (nom. null. speloeunz); 

P. curvata Tryon, 1865:40, pl. 2, f. 6-8; Pholadidea sagitta Dall, 1916b: 

417 (Stearns MS). 

26N-60N: 43N. Intertidal-5 m. -1° +27°C. Pliocene. 

Penitella tubigera Valenciennes, 1846. 1' 

Penitella tubigera Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 3, a-c. nom. dub. 

Penitella turnerae Evans & Fischer, 1966. 

Penitella turnerae Evans & Fischer, 1966: 222, pl. 31; part. Pholas 

californica auctt. not Conrad, 1836; part. P. penita auctt. not Conrad, 

1837; part. P. ovoidea auctt. not Gould, 1851. 

37N-47N: 42N. Intertidal. +5° +24°C. Miocene. 

Genus Pholadidea Turton, 1819 (Goodall MS). 

Subgenus Hatasia Gray, 1851. 

Pholadidea esmeraldensis (Olsson, 1961). 

Hatasia esmeraldensis Olsson, 1961: 449, pl. 79, f. 5, a (Hastasia nom. 

null.). 


Pholadidea melanura (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas nzelatzura Sowerby, 1834: 70; Penitella wilsonii Conrad, I849b: 

156. 


Pholadidea quadra (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas quadra Sowerby, 1834: 71. 

IS-10N: 5N. Intertidal-20 m. +24° +32°C. Recent. 

Pholadidea tridens (Gray, 1843).' 

Talona widens Gray in Dieffenback, 1843: 254. 

Extralimital. 

Pholadidea tubifera (Sowerby, 1834). 

Pholas tubifera Sowerby, 1834: 71 (tubifer nom, null auctt.) 


Subfamily Jouannetiinae Tryon, 1862. 

nom. correct. Turner, 1955 pro Jouannetinae. 

Genus Jouannetia DesMoulins, 1828. 

Subgenus Jouannetia s.s. 

Jouannetia duchassaingi Fischer, 1862. 

Jouannetia duchassaingi Fischer, 1862: 375, pl. 15, f. 3 (Deshayes MS). 


Subgenus Pholadopsis Conrad, 1849. 

Jouannetia pectinata (Conrad, 1849). 

Pholadopsis pectinata Conrad, 1849b: 156; Triomphalia pulcherrima 

Sowerby, 1849: 501, pl. 106, f. 58, 59; part. T. cunzingii auctt. not 

Sowerby, 1849 (Japan). 

7S-32N: I3N. Intertidal. +15° +32°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Netastoma Carpenter, 1864. 100 

Netastoma darwinii (Sowerby, 1849). 

Pholas darwinii Sowerby, 1849: 490, pl. 107, f. 76, 77. 



Netastoma japonica (Yokoyama, 1920). 

Jouannetia japonica Yokoyama, 1920: 105, pl. 7, f. la-c. 


48N-54N. Intertidal. +4° + I9°C. Recent. 

Netastoma rostrata (Valenciennes, 1846). 

Pholas rostrata Valenciennes in Petit-Thouars, 1846: pl. 24, f. 4, a; part. 

P. darwizzii auctt. not Sowerby, 1849. 

27N-50N: 39N. Intertidal-100 m71-6° +11°C. Pliocene. 

Family Xylophagaidae Purchon, 1941. 

nom, correct., herein pro Xylophagiidae. 

Genus Xylophaga Turton, 1822. 

Xylophaga aurita Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga aurita Knudsen, 1961:182, f. 24, 24. 

7N. 915 m. +5° +6°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga concava Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga cotzcava Knudsen, 1961: 167, f. 4, 5. 

6N-7N. 975-3670 m. +2° +5°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga duplicata Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga duplicata Knudsen, 1961: 175, f. 14, 15. 

7N. 915 m. +5° +7°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga globosa Sowerby, 1835. 

Xylophaga globosa Sowerby, 1835: 110; Pholas gibbosa Orbigny, 1846; 

501. 

12S-43S: 28S. 150-200m. +5° +17°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga mexicana Dall, 1908. 

Xylophaga mexicana Dall, 1908c;232, 425. 

17N. 260m. +14° +19°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga obtusata Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga obtusata Knudsen, 1961: 192, 4. 35, 36. 

7N. 915 m. +5° +7°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga panamensis Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga pananzensis Knudsen, 1961: 172, f. 10, 11. 

7N. 975 m. +5° +7°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga turnerae Knudsen, 1961. 

Xylophaga turnerae Knudsen, 1961; 184, f. 26, 27. 

7N. 915 m. +5° +7°C. Recent. 

Xylophaga washingtona Bartsch, 1921. 

Xylophaga washingtona Bartsch, 1921: 32;X. californica Bartsch, 1921: 

32 (1st Reviser). 

37N-55N: 46N. 15-2073 m. +2° +15°C. Recent. 

Genus Xyloredo Turner, 1972. 

Xyloredo naceli Turner, 1972. 

Xyloredo naceli Turner, 1972: 9,p1. 6. 

34N. 2073 m. +6° +8°C. Recent. 

Family Teredinidae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. DeKay, 1843 pro Teredaria. 

Subfamily Teredininae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transl. Stoliczka, 1871 ex Teredaria. 

Genus Lyrodus Gould in Gould & Binney, 1870. 

Lyrodus bipartita (Jeffreys, 1860). 

Teredo bipartita Jeffreys, 1860: 123. 

61

Atlantic. 

6N. 3670-3270 m. +r +3°C. Recent. 

Lyrodus pedicellatus (Quatrefages, 1849). 

Teredo pedicellata Quatrefages, 1849: 26, pl. 1, f. 2; T. pedicellata 

truncata Jeffreys, 1865: 174 not T. truncata Quatrefages, 1849; T. 

chlorotica Gould, 1870: 33, f. 360; T. diegensis Bartsch, 1916: 48; T. 

(Lyrodus) townsendi Bartsch, 1922: 26, pl. 22, f. 2, pl. 33, f. 2; T. 

(Teredops) floridana Bartsch, 1922: 28, pl. 22, f. 1, pl. 34, f, 1; T. 

(Teredops)hawaiensis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 213, pl. 55, f. 6-8. 


5S-38N: I7N. Floating. +23° +30°C. Recent. 

Genus Psiloteredo Bartsch, 1922. 

Psiloteredo healdi (Bartsch, 1931). 

Teredo (Neoteredo) healdi Bartsch, 1931a: 2, pl. I, f. 1-5; T. 

(Neoteredo) miraflora Bartsch, 1922: 31, pl. 24, 25 nom. dub. 

Atlantic. 

9N. Floating. +25° +31°C. Recent. 

Genus Teredo Linné, 1758. 

Subgenus Teredo s.s. 

Teredo bartschi Clapp, 1923. 

Teredo (Teredo) bartschi Clapp, 1923: 33, pl. 3, 4 not Sivickis, 1928; T. 

(Teredo) batilliformis Clapp, 1924: 282, pl. I, f. 1-6, pl. 3, f. 13, 14; T. 

(Teredo) hiloensis Edmonson, 1942: 113, f. 4d—h. 

Cosmopolitan in warm water. 

23N: 24N. Floating. +IC +27°C. Recent. 

Teredo navalis Linné, 1758. 

Teredo navalis Linné, 1758: 651; T. japonica Clessin in Küster &Kobelt, 

1893: 78, pl. 20, f. 9-11; T. (Teredo) beachi Bartsch, 1921: 29; T. 

(Teredo) morsei Bartsch, 1922: 21; T. (Teredo) beaufortana Bartsch, 

1922: 22, pl. 32, f. 1; T. navalis borealis Roch, 1931: 27, f. 18. 

Cosmopolitan. 

33N-50N: 42N. Floating. +5° +22°C. Recent. 

Genus Uperotus Guéttard, 1770. 

Uperotus panamensis (Bartsch, 1922). 

Teredo (Teredo) panamensis Bartsch, 1922: 34, pl. 27, f. 3, 4; ?T. 

lieberkindi Roch, 1931: 15, pl. 2, f. 5. 

Atlantic. 

9N. 90-100 m. +25° +30°C. Recent. 

Subfamily Bankiinae Turner, 1966. 

Genus Bankia Gray, 1842. 

Subgenus Bankia s.s. 

Bankia martensi (Stempell, 1899). 

Teredo (Xylotrya) martensi Stempell, 1899: 240, pl. 12, f. 24-27 (martenseni 

nom. van. auctt.); Bankia (Bankia) chiloensis Bartsch, I923b: 

147; B. odhneri Roch, 1931: 20, pl. 4, f. 10; Roch, 1931: 215, pl. 25 

(redescription); B valparaisensis Moll in Roch & Moll, 1935: 273, pl. 2, 

f. 3; B. argentinica Moll, 1935: 274, pl. 2, f. 5. 

Atlantic. 


Bankia setacea (Tryon, 1863). 

Xylotrya setacea Tryon, 1863: 144, pl. 1, f. 2, 3; part. Teredo bipennata 

auctt. not Turton, 1819 (bipinnata nom. van. auctt.); Bankia sibirica 

Roch, 1934: 446, pl. 2, f. 2; B. (Neobankia) osumiensis Mawatari & 

Kitamura, 1960: 70, 75, pl. 1, f. 13, 14. 

Northwest Pacific, Siberia. 

33N-55N: 44N. Intertidal-90 m. +r +25°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Bankiella Bartsch, 1921. 

62 

Bankia gouldi (Bartsch, 1908). 

Xylotrya gouldi Bartsch, 1908: 211; Bankia (Bankiella) mexicana 

Bartsch, 1921: 27; B. schrencki Moll, 1935: 275, pl. 2, f.7. 

Atlantic. 


Subgenus Neobankia Bartsch, 1921. 

Bankia destructa Clench & Tumer, 1946. 

Bankia (Neobankia) destructa Clench & Turner, 1946:20, pl. 13, f. 1-4. 

Atlantic. 


Bankia orcutti Bartsch, 1923. 

Bankia (Neobankia) orcutti Bartsch, 1923a: 95; B. nordi Moll, 1935: 272; 

Nausitora sajnakhaliensis Rajagopal, 1964: 113, f. 4-6. 



Bankia zeteki Bartsch, 1921. 

Bankia (Neobankia) zeteki Bartsch, 1921: 26. 

8N-23N: 16N. Intertdial-5 m. +18° +31°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Plumulella Clench & Tumer, 1946. 

Bankia cieba Clench & Turner, 1946. 

Bankia (Plumulella) cieba Clench & Turner, 1946: 25, pl. 16, f. 1-4. 


Bankia fimbriatula Moll & Roch, 1931. 

Bankia fimbriatula Moll & Roch, 1931: 213, pl. 25, f. 37; part. Teredo 

palmulata auctt. not Lamarck, 1818; Teredo fimbriata Jeffreys, 1860: 

126; Bankia canalis Bartsch, 1944: 1, pl. I. 

Atlantic. 


Genus Nausitora Wright, 1864. 

Nausitora dryas (Dall, 1909). 

Xylotrya dryas Dall, 1909b: 162, 277, pl. 25, f. 2, 3, 5-7; Bankia 

(Nausitora) jamesi Bartsch, 1941: 1, pl. I. 


Nausitora excolpa (Bartsch, 1922). 

Bankia (Nausitora) excolpa Bartsch, 1922: 13, pl. 8, f. 2, pl. 31, f. 4. 


Nausitora midi Wright, 1866. 

Nausitora saulii Wright, 1866: 567, pl. 67, f. 9-15. 

I2S. Intertidal. +19° +27°C. Recent. 

Subclass Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889. 

nom. transi. et correct. Keen, 1963 ex Anomalodesmacea. 

Order Pholadomyoida Newell, 1965. 

Superfamily PANDORACEA Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. transi. Stewart, 1930 ex Pandoridae. 

Family Pandoridae Rafinesque, 1815. 

nom. correct. Gray, 1840 pro Pandoracia. 

Genus Pandora Bruguiére, 1797. 

Subgenus Pandora s.s. 

Pandora brevifrons Sowerby, 1875. 

Pandora brevifrons Sowerby, 1835: 93. 

9N-26N: I8N. 15-20 m. +18° +27°C. Recent. 

Pandora uncifera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Pandora uncifera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 104, pl. 17, f. 

13N-30N: 22N. 10-30 m. -1-15 ° +29°C. 

Subgenus Clidiophora Carpenter, 1864. 

17-19. 

Recent. 

Pandora arcuata Sowerby, 1835. 

Pandora arcuata Sowerby, 1835: 93; P. claviculata Carpenter, 1856b: 

228; Clidiophora cristata Carpenter, 1864c: 597. 

4S-30N: 13N. 10-15 m. +14° +30°C. Recent.

Subgensu Foveadens Da11, 1915. 

Pandora panamensis (DaII, 1915). 

Foveadens panamensis Da11, 1915b: 451. 

8N-13N: 11N. 10-40m. +29° +27°C. 

Subgenus Frenatnya Iredale, 1930. 

Pandora radians (Dall, 1915). 

Coelodon radians Dall, 1915b: 450. 

12N-27N: 20N. 10-15 m. +21° +28 °C. 

Subgenus Heteroclidus Dall, 1903. 

Recent. 

Pandora punctata Conrad, 1837. 

Pandora punctata Conrad, 1837: 228, pl. 17, f. 1; P . depressa auctt. not 


28N-55N: 42N. 2-50m. +5° +19° C. ?Miocene. 

Subgenus Pandorella Conrad, 1863. 

Pandora bilirata Conrad, 1855. 

Pandora bilirata Conrad, 1855: 267; P. (Kennerlia) biscarinata Carpenter, 

1864c: 638. 

37N-60N: 49N. 5-250m. +3° +19° C. Pliocene. 

Pandora braziliensis Sowerby, 1874. 

Pandora braziliensis Sowerby in Reeve, 1874: 19 Pandora pl. 2, sp. 15 

(Gould MS); P diffissa Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 

1889: 103. 

Atlantic. 

50S-545: 52S. 50-200 m. +2° +9°C. Recent. 

Pandora cistula Gould, 1850. 

Pandora cistula Gould, 1850: 217; Kettnerlyia patagonica Dall, 1915b: 

450. 

40S-54S: 47S. 20-150m. +2° +14°C. Recent. 

Pandora cornuta C. B. Adams, 1852. 

Pandora corn uta C. B. Adams, 1852: 519, 547; Clidiophora acutedentata 

Carpenter, I864d: 598. 


Pandora filosa (Carpenter, 1864). 

Kennerlia filosa Carpenter, 1864c: 602, 638. 


Pandora glacialis Leach, 1819. 

Pandora glacialis Leach in Ross, 1819: 174; Kentzerlyia glacialis eutaenia 

Dall, 1915b: 449. 

Panarctic and circumboreal. 


Pandora granulata Dall, 1915: 449. 

Kennerlyia gratudata Dall, 1915b: 449. 

29N-24N: 27N. 5-20m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Pandora radiata Sowerby, 1835. 

Pandora radiata Sowerby, 1835: 44; Kennerlyia convexa Dall, 1915b: 

449. 

23N-28N: 26N. 15-140 m. +15° +29°C. Recent. 

Pandora rhypis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Pandora (Kennerlia) rhypis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 105, pl. 16, f. 8-11. 

13N. 80m. +15° +27 °C. Recent. 

Pandora wardiana A. Adams, 1859. 

Pandora wardiana A. Adams, 1859: 487; P. (Kennerlia) grandis Dall, 

1877: 5; Ketznerlyia forresterensis Willett, 1918: 134; Pandora wajampolkensis 

Slodkevich, 1938: 269, pl. 59, f. 1, a, b; P. gretschischkini 

Slodkevich, 1938: 270, pl. 59, f. 2, a, b. 


47N-57N: 52N. 40-200m. +1° +12°C. 

Family Lyonsiidae Fischer, 1887. 

Genus Agriodesma Dall, 1909. 11 0 

Agriodesma brevifrons (Sowerby, 1834). 

Lyonsia brevifrons Sowerby, 1834: 78. 

2S. 10-15m. +15° +28°C. 

Recent. 

Pliocene. 

Recent. 

Agriodesma saxicola (Baird, 1863). 

Lyonsia saxicola Baird, 1863a: 70; Entodesma saxi cola cylindracea 

Carpenter, 1864e: 638; E. saxicola truncatissimus Pilsbry, 1895: 137, pl. 

3, f. 11, 12. 



Agriodesma sechurana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935. 

Entodesma (Agriodesnza) sechurana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935: 18, pl. 1, f. 

6-8. 

4S-10N: 3N. 10-40 m. +17° +29°C. Recent. 

Genus Allogramma Dall, 1903. 

Allogranunn amabilis (Dall, 1913).'" 

Lyonsia (Allogramma)nmabilis Dall, 1913: 594. 

34N 550 n,. nom. dub. Recent. 

Genus Entodesma Philippi, 1845. 

Subgenus Entodesma s.s. 

Entodesma chilensis Philippi, 1845. 

Entodesma chilensis Philippi, 1845: 53 (chiloensis nom, van. auctt.). 


Entodesma cuneatum (Gray, 1828). 

Anatina cuneata Gray, 1828:6, pl. 3, f. 14; part. Lyonsia navicula audit. 

not Adams & Reeve, 1850 (Indo-Pacific). 

I 9S-40S: 30S. Intertidal-2 m. +8° +26°C. Recent. 

Entodesma pictum (Sowerby, 1834). 

Lyonsia picta Sowerby, 1834: 88; L. itylata Conrad, 1837: 248, pl. 19, f. 

10; L. diaphana Carpenter, 1856b: 228; Entodesma spongiophila Dall, 

1871: 143 nom. n id. 

4S-37N: 17N. Intertidal-40 m. +14° +28 °C. Recent. 

Entodesma scanzmoni Dall, 1871. 112 

Entodesma scanunoni Dall, 1871: 142, pl. 16, f. 3. 


Subgenus Phlycticoncha Bartsch & Rehder, 1940. 

Entodesma lucasanum (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939). 

Lyonsia lucasana Bartsch & Rehder, 1939b: 12, pl. 4, f. 1-3. 


Genus Lyonsia Turton, 1822. 

Subgenus Lyonsia s.s. 

Lyonsia arenosa (M011er, 1842). 

Patzdorina arenosa M011er, 1842:20; Ostedesma aeruginosa Mighels, 

1844: 187; Lyonsia gibbosa Hancock, 1846: 33'8, pl. 5, f. 11, 12 not 

Orbigny, 1850; L. (Pandorina)flabellata Gould, 1861: 23; L. ventricosa 

Gould, 1861: 23; Patzdorina becki Leche, 1878: 11 (Moller MS); L. 

arenosa sibirica Leche, 1883: 439, pl. 32, f. 3, 4. 


64N-71N: 68N. 15-100 m. -2° +5°C. Pliocene. 

Lyonsia bracteata (Gould, 1850). 

Osteodesma bracteata Gould, 1850: 217; part. Mya striata auctt. not 

Montagu, 1815 (Atlantic); Lyonsia pugetensis Dall, 1913: 595. 

47N-56N: 52N. 10-40m. +6° +15°C. Recent. 

Lyonsia californica Conrad, 1837. 

Lyonsia californica Conrad, 1837: 248, pl. 19, f. 20 (not 21); part. Mya 

striata audit, not Montagu, 1815 (Atlantic); part. Lyonsia hyalina audit. 

not Conrad, 1831 (Atlantic); Osteodesma nitidum Gould, 1853: 390, pl. 

15, f. 6 not Mya Wilda Fabricius, 1798; Lyonsia gouldii Dall, 1915: 453; 

L. califonzica haroldi Dall, 1915b: 453. 

17N-55N: 36N. Intertidal-100 m+6° + I8°C. Pliocene. 

Lyonsia delicata Marincovich, 1973. 

Lyonsia delicata Marincovich, 1973: 15, f. 23, 24. 


Lyonsia elegantula Soot-Ryen, 1957. 

Lyonsia elegantula Soot-Ryen, 1957a: 3; Soot-Ryen, 1959: 36, pl. 1, f. 

10 (redescription). 

42S. 45 m. +6° +15°C. Recent. 

63

Lyonsia fretalis Dall, 1915. 

Lyonsia fretalis Dall, 1915b: 454. 

37S-54S: 46S. 10-40 m. +2° +17°C. Recent. 

Lyonsia nesiotes Dall, 1915. 

Lyonsia californica nesiotes Dall, 1915b: 453; part. L. californica 

not Conrad, 1837. 

33N-55N: 44N. 10-120 m. +8° +23°C. Recent. 

Sensu lato. 

Lyonsia panamensis Dall, 1908. 113 

Lyonsia panamensis Dall, 1908c:222, 427, pl. 18, f. 12. 

7N. 1017 m. +4° +6°C. Recent. 

Genus Mytilimeria Conrad, 1837. 

Mytilimeria nuttalli Conrad, 1837. 

Mytilimeria nuttalli Conrad, 1837: 247. 

30N-57N: 44N. Intertidal-45 m. +4° + I7 °C. Recent. 

Superfamily THRACIACEA Stoliczka, 1870. 114 

nom. transl., herein ex Thraciinae. 

Family Thraciidae Stoliczka, 1870. 

nom. transi. Dall, 1903 ex Thraciinae. 

Genus Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864. 

Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter, 1864. 

Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter, 186413: 311; Thracia diegensis Dall, 

19I5b: 443. 

23N-34N: 30N. 2-50 m. +11° +24°C. Recent. 

Genus Bushia Dall, 1886. 

Bushia panamensis Dall, 1890. 

Bushia elegans panamensis Dall, 1890a: 275. 

8N. 93 m. +19° +25°C. Recent. 

Genus Cyathodonta Conrad, 1849. 

Cyathodonta dubiosa Dall, 1915. 

Cyathodonta dubiosa Dall, 1915b: 445; Thracia plicata auctt. not Deshayes, 

1832; part. Cyathodonta undulata auctt. not Conrad, 1849; C. 

pedroana Dall, 1915b: 445. 

14N-34N: 24N. 5-30 m. +8° +29°C. Recent. 

Cyathodonta lucasana Dall, 1915. 

Cyathodonta lucasana Dall, 1915b: 445. 


Cyathodonta undulata Conrad, 1849. 

Cyathodonta undulata Conrad, 1849: 156; Thracia plicata auctt. not 

Deshayes, 1832; 1039 nom, dub.; part. T. magnifica auctt. not Jonas, 

1850 (Caribbean); Cyathodonta undulata peruviana Olsson, 1961: 459, 

pl. 83, f. 2, a, b; C. tumbeziana Olsson, 1961: 460, pl, 83, f. 1, a. 

4S-31N: 14N. Intertidal-110 m:+14° +31°C. Pliocene. 

Genus Thracia Sowerby, 1823. 

Subgenus Thracia s.s. 

Thracia anconensis Olsson, 1961. 

Thracia anconensis Olsson, 1961: 458, pl. 83, f. 4, a. 


Thracia colpoica Dall, 1915. 

Thracia colpoica Dall, 191513: 443. 

4S-24S: 10N. Intertidal-165 m:4-13° +30°C. Recent. 

Thracia squamosa Carpenter, 1856. 

Thracia squamosa Carpenter, 1856b: 229. 

I9N-25N: 22N. Intertidal-10 m. +19° +32°C. Recent. 

Thracia trapezoides Conrad, 1849. 

Thracia trapezoides Conrad, 1849: 723, pl. 17, f. 6a; part . T. curta 

not Conrad, 1837; ?T. schenki Tegland, 1933: 112, pl. 6, f. 6- 11. 

34N-61N: 48N. 20-200 m. +2° +20°C. Miocene. 

Subgenus Crassithracia Soot-Ryen, 1941. 

Thracia beringi Dall, 1915. 

Thracia beringi Dall in Cooper, 1894: 2 nom. nud.; Dall, 1915b: 442; 

64 

Macoma truncaria Dall, 1916a: 37 nom. mid.; 1916b: 414. 

49N-60N: 55N. 30-90 m. +3° +14°C. Recent. 

Thracia challisiana Dall, 1915. 

Thracia challisiana Dall, 1915b:443. 

37N-55N: 46N. 30-70 m. +5° +17°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Ixartia Gray, 1852. 

Thracia curta Conrad, 1837. 

Thracia curia Conrad, 1837: 248, pl. 19, f. 8. 

23N-45N: 34N. 45-120 m. +2° +11 °C. Recent. 

Thracia devexa G. O. Sars, 1878. 

Thracia truncata devexa G. O. Sars, 1878: 84, pl. 6, f. lia, b. 

Panarctic, North Atlantic. 

56N-60N: 58N. 60-150 m. +1° +8°C. Recent. 

Thracia myopsis Moller, 1842. 

Thracia myopsis Moller, 1842: 21 (Beck MS); T. couthouyi Stimpson, 

1851: 8; T. truncata G. O. Sars, 1878: 84, pl. 6, f. I0a, b not Mighels & 

Adams, 1842 not Brown, 1844. 


55N-60N: 58N. 50-250 m. +2° +11°C. Recent. 

Family Periplomatidae Dall, 1895. 

nom. correct. Dall, 1900 pro Periplomidac. 

Genus Halistrepta Dall, 1904. 

Halistrepta myrae (Rogers, 1962). 

Periploma (Halistrepta) myrae Rogers, 1962: 229, f. I, 2. 

26N, 27-45 m. +22° +31°C. Recent. 

Halistrepta sukata (Dall, 1904). 

Periploma sulcata Dall, 19046: 122. 


Genus Periploma Schumacher, 1817. 

Subgenus Periploma s.s. 

Periploma aleuticum (Krause, 1885). 

Anatina aleutica Krause, 1885: 38, pl. 3, f. 4; part. Periploma fragilis 

auctt. not Totten, 1835 (Atlantic); P. simplex auctt. not Orbigny, 1845; 

P. alaskanum Williams, 1940: 37, f. 1. 

60N-71N: 66N. 10-100 m. -2° +9°C. Recent. 

Periploma carpenteri Dall, 1896. 

Periploma carpenteri Dall, 1896a: 20. 

7N. 5-380 ni. +11° +30°C. Recent. 

Periploma discus Steams, 1891. 

Periploma discus Steams, 1891:222, pl. 16, f. 1, 2. 


Periploma lagartillum Olsson, 1961. 

Periploma (Periploma) lagartilla Olsson, 1961: 463, pl. 82, f. 5, a. 


Periploma lenticulare Sowerby, 1834. 

Periploma lenticularis Sowerby, 1834: 87; Anatina aka C. B. Adams, 

1852: 294; Periploma excurva Carpenter, 1856b: 229 (excurvata nom. 

null. auctt.). 

3S-8N: 3N. Intertidal. +19° +32 °C. Recent. 

Periploma planiusculum Sowerby, 1834. 

Periploma planuiscula Sowerby, 1834: 87; part. leana auctt. not Conrad, 

1831 (Atlantic); P. argentaria Conrad, 1837: 238, pl. 18, f. 8; P. obtusa 

Hanley, 1842: pl. 2, f. 50; P. papyracea Carpenter, I856b: 229. 


Periploma stearnsii Dall, 1896. 

Periploma stearnsii Dall, I896a: 19. 

23N-32N: 27N. 15-44 ni. +14° +29°C. Recent. 

Periploma teevani Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Periploma teevani Hertlein & Strong, 1946: 95, pl. 1, f. 2, 6. 

16N. 55 m. +16° +27°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Albimanus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935.

Periploma pentadactyhts Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935. 

Periplonza (Albimanus) pentadactylus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935: 118, pl. 6, 

f. 5-7. 

9N-13N: 1 IN. Intertidal. +24° +31°C. Recent. 

Family Laternulidae Hedley, 1918. 

Genus Laternula Rôding, 1798. 

Subgenus Laternulina Habe, 1952. 

Laternala limicola (Reeve, 1864). 1 is 

Anatina limicola Reeve, 1864: 14 Anatina pl. 4, sp. 27. 

43N. Intertidal. 


Superfamily VERTICORDIACEA StOliCZICR, 1871. 

nom. trans!. Bernard, 1974 ex Verticordiidae. 

Family Verticordiidae Stoliczka, 1871. 

Genus Halicardia Dall, 1895. 

Halicardia perplicata (Dall, 1890). 

Verticordia perplicata Dall, 1890a: 278, pl. 8, f. I. 


1S-59N: 29N. 1000-1500 m. +2° +7°C. Recent. 

Genus Haliris Dall, 1886. 

Haliris aequacostata (Howard, 1950). 

Verticordia aequacostata Howard, 1950: 109, pl. 7. 


1S-33N: 16N. 135-200m. +10° +14°C. Recent. 

Haliris spinosa (Bernard, 1969). 

Verticordia (Haliris) spinosa Bernard, 1969: 2233, f. 5. 

24N. 275 m. +25° +27°C. Recent. 

Genus Lyonsiella G. O. Sars, 1872 (M. Sars MS). 

Lyonsiella magnifica Dall, 1913. 

Lyonsiella magnifica Dall, 1913: 595; Dall, 1925: 19, pl. 23, f. 2 

(Redescription). 

23N. 115 m. +13° +18°C. Recent. 

Lyonsiella pacifica Dall, 1908. 

Lyonsiella pacifica Dall, 1908e: 428. 

27S (105W). 2090 m. Recent. 

Lyonsiella parva Okutani, 1962. 

Lyonsiella parva Okutani, 1962:29, pl. 3, f. 7; L. (Lyonsiella) quaylei 

Bernard, 1969: 2232, f. 3. 


33N-52N: 42N. 350-1800 m. +2° +9°C. Recent. 

Genus Policordia Dall, Bartsch, & Rehder, 1939. 

Policordia alaskana Dall, 1895. 

Lyonsiella alaskana Dall, 1895a: 703, pl. 25, f. 2. 

9N-55N: 32N. 800-3570 m. +2° +7°C. Recent. 

Policordia radiata (Dall, 1890). 

Lyonsiella radiata Dall, 1889a:442, nom. n id.; 1890a: 276, pl. 8, f. 7. 

53S. 675m. +1 0 +4°C. Recent. 

Genus Verticordia Sowerby, 1844. 

Subgenus Verticordia s.s. 

Recent. 

Verticordia hancocki Bernard, 1969. 

Verticordia (Trigotudina) hancocki Bernard, 1969: 2233, f. 6. 

3N. 73-109m. +14° +19°C. Recent. 

Verticordia ornata (Orbigny, 1853). 

Trigonulina ortiata Orbigny, 1853: 292, pl. 27, f. 30-33; ?Hippagus 

novemcostatus Adams & Reeve, 1850: 76, pl. 24, f. 1; Verticordia 

caelata Verrill, 1882: 566, pl. 30, f. 9, a. 

Atlantic, Galapagos Islands. 

1S-34N: 17N. 15-170m. +110 +19°C. Recent. 

Order SEPTIBRANCHIDA Pelseneer, 1888' 16 

nom. transl. Purchon, 1959, emend. Bernard, 1979 

et correct. herein ex Septibranchia. 

Superfamily POROMYACEA Dall, 1886. 

nom. transi. Dall, 1895 ex Poromyidae. 

Family Poromyidae Dall, 1886. 

Genus Poromya Forbes, 1844. 

Subgenus Poromya s.s. 

Poromya perla Dall, 1908. 

Poronzya perla Dall, 1908e: 428, pl. 18, f. 2, f. 

3N-24N: 14N. 1950-3500 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Cetoconcha Dall, 1886. 

Poromya malespinae (Dall, 1916). 

Cetoconcha malespinae Ridewood, 1903: 272 nom. nud.; Dail, I916a: 22 

non/. nud.; 1916b: 407 (malaspinae nom. van. mum.) 

45N-55N: 40N. 2100-2900 m. +1° +2°C. Recent. 

Poromya scapha (Dall, 1902). 

Cetoconcha scapha Dall, 1902a: 561. 

6N. 183 m. +15° +19°C. Recent. 

Poromya smithii (Dall, 1908). 

Cetoconcha smithii Dall, 1908c:222, 431, pl. 18, f. 10. 

I5N. 3400 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Subgenus Dennatonzya Dall, 1889. 

Poromya beringiana (Dall, 1916). 

Dertizatoniya beringiana Dall, 1916a: 22 nom. n id.; 1916b: 406. Bering 

Sea. 

51N. 1921 m. +r +3°C. Recent. 

Poromya buttoni (Dall, 1916). 

Dermatotnya buttoni Dall, 19I6a:22 nom. n id.; I916b: 407. 

33N-37N: 35N. 1000-2000 m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Poromya canadensis Bernard, 1969. 

Poronzya (Dermatomya) canadensis Bernard, 1969: 2232, f. 4. 

48N. 977 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Poromya chilensis Dall, 1908. 

Poromya (Dermatomya) chilensis Dall, 1908e: 430. 

48S. 822 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Poromya equatorialis Dall, 1908. 

Poronlya (Dermatotnya) equatorialis Dall, 1908e: 222,429, pl. 5, f. 1,2. 

1S-6N: 3N. 1350-3060 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Poromya leonina (Dall, 1916). 

Dermatonlya leonina Dall, 1916a:22 nom. mid.; 19I6b: 407. 

46N-53N: 50N. 1150-2200 m. + I° +2°C. Recent. 

Poromya mactroides Dall, 1889. 

Porotnya (Dertnatomya) mactroides Dall, I889a: 448. 

52S-25N: 14S. 600-1000 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Poromya tenuiconcha Dall, 1913. 

Poronzya (Dermatomya) tenuiconcha Dall, 1913: 596; P. (Dernzatomya) 

soyoae Habe, 1952: 274; Dermatomya tenuiconcha sagamiensis Okutani, 

1962: 32, pl. 3, f. 3, pl. 5, f. 8, a. 


36N-55N: 46N. 800-1200 m. +r +4°C. Recent. 

Poromya trosti Strong, & Hertlein, 1937. 

Poromya trosti Strong, & Hertlein, 1937: 163, pl. 34, f. 3-6. 

33N:34N. 35-400 m. +6° +17°C. Recent. 

Superfamily Cuspidariacea Dall, 1886. 

11001. transl. Scarlato & Starobogatov in Nevesskaya et al, 1971 

ex Cuspidariidae. 

Family Cuspidariidae Dall, 1886. 

65

Genus Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864. 

Cardiomya balboae (DaII, 1916). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya)balboae Da11,1916a:23 nom. n id.; 1916b:407. 


0-34N: 17N. 45-170m. +9° +19°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya californica (Dall, 1886). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) californica Dall, 1886: 296. 


0-55N: 27N. 15-640 m. +5° +15°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya costata (Sowerby, 1834). 

Anatina costata Sowerby, 1834: 87 not Neaera costata Bush, 1883; 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) dulcis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 104, pl. 17, f. 

20-22. 


1S-34N: I7N. 15-95 m. +10° +19°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya curta (Jeffreys, 1882). 

Neaera curta Jeffreys, 1876: 495 nom. n id.; 1882: 943, pl. 71, f. 10; not 

N. multicostatus curta Verrill, 1882. 

Circumboreal in deep water. 

45N-54N: 50N. 730-2200m. +1° +3°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya didyma (Hinds, 1843). 

Neara didyma Hinds, 1843b: 78. 

9N-30N: 25N. 15-50 m. +13° +30°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya ecuadoriana (Olsson, 1961). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) ecuadoriana Olsson, 1961: 465, pl. 83, f. 3. 

1S-29N: 14N. 55-150m. +13° +19°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya isolirata Bernard, 1969. 

Cardiomya isolirata Bernard, 1969: 2231, f. 1; part. Cuspidaria balboae 


23N-34N: 30N. 55-190 m. +4° +11°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya lanieri (Strong & Hertlein, 1937). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) lanieri Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 162, pl. 34, f. 

8. 


1S-30N: 15N. 15-240 m. +7° +30°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya oldroydi (Dall, 1924). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) oldroydi Dall in Ohlroyd, 1924: 33, pl. 1, f. 13. 

48N-60N: 54N. 45-210 m. +2° + I2°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya pectinata (Carpenter, 1865). 

Neaera pectinata Carpenter, 1864d: 602, 637 nom. n id.; 1865f: 54; N. 

behringensis Leche, 1883: 438, pl. 32, f. 1, 2; Cardiomya robiginosa 

Okutani & Sakurai, 1964: 23, pl. 1, f. 3; C. behringensis okutani 

Scarlato, 1972: 122, f. 4-7. 


28N-60N: 44N. 5-270 m. +4° +14°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya planetica (Dall, 1908). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) planetica Dall, 1908c: 222, 433. 

28N-60N: 44N. 25-605 m. +2° +13°C. Recent. 

Cardiomya pseustes (Dall, 1908). 

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) pseustes Dall, 1908c: 222, 432. 

7N-49N: 28N. 2000-3000 m. +1° +2°C. Recent. 

Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840. 

Subgenus Cuspidaria s.s. 

66 

Cuspidaria apodema Dall, 1916. 

Cuspidaria apodema Dall, 19I6a:23 nom. n id.; 1916b: 407. 

43N-55N: 49N. 1000-2900 m. + I° +2°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria chilensis Dall, 1908. 

Cuspidaria (Luzonia) chilensis Dall, 1908c: 282, pl. 13, f. 13. 

38S-IIN: 14N. 1200-1900m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria cowani Bernard, 1967. 

Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) cowani Bernard, 1967: 2629, pl. 1. 

53N. 1318m. +2° C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria filatovae Bernard, 1979. 

Cuspidaria filatovae Bernard, 1979: 14, f. I. 

45N: 46N. 3500-3990 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria glacialis (G. O. Sars, 1878). 

Neaera glades G. O. Sars, 1878: 88, pl. 6, f. 8a-c. 


59N-71N: 65N. 20-460 m. -2° +6°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria haasi Knudsen, 1970. 

Cuspidaria haasi Knudsen, 1970:145, f. 102, 103. 

9N. 3570 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria murrayi (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Neaera murrayi E. A. Smith, 1885: 319. 

35N (170E). 5307m. + I°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria panamensis Dall, 1908. 

Cuspidaria panamensis Dall, 1908e: 222, 432, pl. 16, f. 2. 

7N. 915-1281 m. +2° +8°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria parapodema Bernard, 1969. 

Cuspidaria parapodema Bernard, 1969: 2232, f. 2; part. Neaera obesa 

anat. not Lovén, 1846 (Atlantic) part. C. adopema auctt. not. Dall, 

1916. R 

28N-34N: 31N. 50-320 m. +6° +14°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria parkeri Knudsen, 1970. 

Cuspidaria parkeri Knudsen, 1970: 150, f. 108, 109. 

23N. 2790-2817 ni. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria patagonica (E. A. Smith, 1885). 

Neaera patagonica E. A. Smith, 1885: 39, pl. 7, f. 5, a, b. 

505. 302 m. +2° +5°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria subglacialis Dall, 1913. 

Cuspdaria subglacialis Dall, 1913: 593. 

31N-48N: 40N. 2030 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Cuspidaria variola Bernard, 1979. 

Cuspidaria variola Bernard, 1979: 16, f. 2. 

45N-48N: 47N. 2850-3585 m. +2°C. Recent. 

Genus Myonera Dall, 1886. 

Myonera garretti Dall, 1908. 

Myonera garretti Dail, 1908e: 222, 434, pl. 5, f. 4. 

4N. 1650 m. +3° +4°C. Recent. 

Myonera mexicana Knudsen, 1970. 

Myonera mexicana Knudsen, 1970:134, f. 91, 92; part. M. garretti auctt . 

not Dall, 1908. 

14N-57N: 36N. 1110-3557 m. +2° +4°C. Recent. 

Myonera tillamookensis Dall, 1916. 

Myonera tillamookensis Dall, 19I6a: 23 nom. nud.; 1916b: 407. 

45N-51N: 48N. 1400-2200 m. +2° +3°C. Recent. 

Genus Plectodon Carpenter, 1864. 

Plectodon scaber Carpenter, 1864. 

Plectodon scaber Carpenter, 1864e: 611, 638. 


1S-34N: 17N. 20-250 m. +9° +27°C. Recent.

I. Acila divaricata (Hinds 1843) has been recorded from the eastern 

Bering Sea (Neiman 1963). Though I have been unable to examine specimens, 

I suspect a mislabelling here and correct identification should be A. 

castrezsis (Hinds 1843). 

2. Nucula colombiana (DaII 1908) was recorded as extending to southern 

Chile in 735 m in the original description. Examination of material in the 

USNM shows the Chilean specimens it should be assigned to a new species 

and N. colombiana reserved for shallow water, tropical representatives. 

3. Nucula linki (Da11 1916) was identified (DaII 1921) from northern deep 

water locations, this record probably represents a new species. 

4. Nucula panamina (Da11 1908) has been identifies from more than 1900 

m off California (Knudsen 1970). I believe this material is referable to N. 

cardara (Da11 1916). 

5. Malletia kolthoffi (Hâgg 1904) has been merged with the Atlantic M. 

cuneata Jeffreys, 1876, by Knudsen (1980) though I believe them to be 

distinct species. 

6. Saturnia californica (Da11 1916) has not been recognized since its 

description. The holotype is juvenile and probably represents a extralimital 

species. 

7. Nuculana peruviana (Da11 1908) appears to be a good species, but not 

collected since its description. The name is preoccupied by Da11 1898 which 

was a replacement name for Leda acuminata (Nelson 1870) not Orbigny, 

1850. I am not now proposed a nom. nov., awaiting more material. 

8. Nuculana rhytida (Da11 1908) has for its type location Acapulco, 

Mexico, but the specimen label says Chile, and it almost certainly belongs to 

the Chilean fauna. 

9. Yoldia nzartyria (Da11 1897) was recorded from the Gulf of California in 

about 120 m, but examination of the material in the USNM suggests this 

record should be assigned to a new species. 

10. Barbatia solidula (Dunker 1868) the type locality was cited as the Gulf 

of California, but the species is extralimital and has previously been rejected 

by Keen (1971) and possibly a senior name for the Japanese Arca stearnsii 

Pilsbry 1895. 

11. Barbatia divaricata (Sowerby 1833) is a widely distributed Indo- 

Pacific species, recognized from Clipperton Island by Hertlein & Allison 

(1966) as Arca laysana (Dall, Bartsch & Rehder 1938). 

12. Anadara transversa (Say 1822) has been reported as accidentally 

introduced to San Francisco Bay with Atlantic oysters (Packard 1918; Hanna 

1939), but it has not become established. 

13. Anadara auricula notn. nov. This is a valid species. It may be distinguished 

from A. formosa (Sowerby 1833) by the more elongate form, 

fewer ribs and lack of the hirsute epidermis. It is known only from Ecuador. 

14. Bathyarca is according to Knudsen (1970) referable to Acar and Arca 

and is characterized by polymorphism, most recognized Pacific species 

falling in the synonymy of Arca orbiculata (Dall 1881). Having examined 

all available material and many holotypes of described species, I consider 

each of these taxa distinct and accord Bathyarca generic status. 

15. Glycymeris profunda (Dall 1878) was described from Californian 

Tertiary fossil material, worn and displaying ribs. Several authors following 

Willett (1943) have identified modern material with it. In my opinion it 

represents G. corteziatza Dall 1916, but further comparative work is necessary 

to substantiate this view. 

16. Ischadium recurvus (Rafinesque 1820) was recorded from Newport 

Bay, California (Dall 1921), based on a single, living specimen. It is not 

established, and the record may be an error. 

17. Mytilus californianus (Conrad 1837) has been assigned to the subgenus 

Crenomytilus (Soot-Ryen 1955) by some workers, but the lack of pits 

NOTES 

on the resilial ridge suggest it may best be treated as Mytilus sensu stricto. 

The species was widely distributed throughout the northern Pacific in the 

Pliocene and Pleistocene, but now appears limited to the northeastern 

Pacific. 

18. Mytilus chilensis (Hupé 1854) is not separable from M. edulis (Linné 

1758) using shell characters, but the absence of either species from the 

tropical zones makes them separate since at least the Miocene; however 

there may have been considerable mixing of stocks since the fifteenth 

century, due to shipping activities. 

19. Lioberus (Dall 1898) is placed by the Treatise on Invertebrate 

Paleontology in the Crenellinae, but, despite the presence of siphons, 

anatomically it is closer to the Modiolinae. 

20. Lioberus splendidus (Dunker 1857) was described from California in a 

paper dealing with a wide array of mytilids from the Cuming Collection. 

Nothing like this species has subsequently been found on the West Coast. I 

have examined the type in the British Museum (Natural History) and 

consider it probably referable to the west Atlantic L. castanets (Say 

1822). 

21 . Modiolus kurilensis nonz. nov. is proposed to replace Volsella difficilis 

(Kuroda & Habe 1950) preoccupied by Modiola difficilis (Deshayes 1863) 

from Reunion Island. Kuroda & Habe (1950), based on Taki (1933) recognized 

a large distinct modiolid widely distributed from the Kurile Islands to 

Korea and Japan. The substitute name is derived from the first mentioned 

location, herein designated the type locality. 

22. Pteria sterna (Gould 1851) has been collected as far north as Newport 

Bay, California (34°N), juveniles settling outside the normal range in 

exceptional years, although they survive, they do not reproduce; and the 

species is not established north of Cabo San Quintin, Baja California (30°N). 

23. Pteria viridizona (Dall 1916) is known only from the type material, 

said to be from Long Beach, California, and has not been collected again. 

This material was catalogued into the USNM with three other lots on 

October 25, 1903, all well-known Caribbean species. It is highly probable 

that P . viridozona represents misplaced Atlantic P. longisquamosa (Dunker 

1852). 

24. Vulsella pacifica (Dall 1916) described from Nicaragua and not since 

collected. It is doubtful that it occurs in the eastern Pacific and may be a 

misplaced V. tnytilina (Lamarck 1819) from the Indo-Pacific. 

25. Atrina lister (Orbigny 1846) recorded from Tierra del Fuego probably 

is the Atlantic Pinna seminuda (Lamarck 1819). 

26. Acesta patagonica (Dall 1902) is represented in the USNM by a single 

valve from Panama Bay (9°N) in 589m, probably a misplaced specimen. 

27. Crassostrea columbiensis (Hanley 1846) with a northern limit of 

Bahia Tortola, Baja, California (28°N), is present in the Walter Eyerdam 

Collection (Seattle) collected near Ensenada (32°N) in 1930, where it is no 

longer found (J. McLean in Litt). 

28. Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein 1951) is the most abundant large 

oyster in the Gulf of California, from which it was introduced in the 1930s to 

Newport Bay and other California sites, but it did not establish itself. 

29. Grassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) has been introduced from Japan to 

many California to Alaska locations; reproduction is not reliable but the 

adults flourish. 

30. Ostrea tubulifera (Dall 1914) is known only from the type material and 

possibly from the Pearl Islands, Panama (8S) recorded by Olsson (1961). I 

doubt if it represents a valid species. The type may be the Indo-Pacific O . 

echinata (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) and the Pearl Island material a particularly 

spiny O. conchaphila (Carpenter 1857). 

31. Lopha folium (Linné 1758) has been collected in the Gulf of Panama 

(8S); other records require substantiation. This species belongs to a group 

with distinct ecomorphs, often accorded specific or subspecific status. 

67

32. Chlamys islandica (Müller 1776) according to MacNeil (1967) does 

not occur in the Pacific Ocean or Bering Sea, though Grau (1959) considered 

C. behringiana (Middendorff 1849) and C. albida (Arnold 1906) to be 

subspecies of C. islandica. I believe them to be distinct but on the other 

hand, species proposed by MacNeil, appear tome to be mere variants of C. 

islandica. 

33. Hinnites (DeFrance 1821) is usually accorded full generic status. I am 

unable to find distinguishing characters and do not consider the late cementation 

and idiomorphic growth sufficient to accord more than subgeneric 

separation. 

34. Semipallium zeteki (Hertlein 1935) was proposed as a replacement 

name for the preoccupied Pecten digitatus (Hinds 1844), but nothing corresponding 

to the description is known from the eastern Pacific. The taxon is 

probably referable to S. vexillum (Reeve 1853) from the western Pacific. 

35. Cyclopecten imbrifer (Lovén 1847) probably does not occur in the 

eastern Pacific, but is included on the basis of material from Oregon that may 

be a new species, but the relationship to C. benthalis (Grau 1959) must be 

resolved. 

36. Cyclopecten incotigruus (Dall 1916) is known from the holotype only; 

though the type locality is cited as San Diego, California, the specimen label 

states Cedros Island, Baja California. 

37. Cyclopecten vitreus (Gmelin 1791) seems to be the species with the 

widest distribution, but may include a complex of species that may be 

separable with the study of shell ultrastructure. 

38. Pecten berlyi nom. nov. is proposed for the preoccupied P. lunaris 

(Berry 1963). 

39. Spondylus tenebrosus (Reeve 1856) has been recorded from Clipperton 

Island (Salvat & Ehrhardt 1970). 

40. Spondylus victoriae (Sowerby 1859) is widespread throughout the 

Gulf of California and is well represented in the collection of the Allan 

Hancock Foundation. Though overlooked by modern workers, the name 

was used for Recent and Pliocene species by Durham (1950). 

41. Anomia chinensis (Philippi 1849) was incidentally introduced from 

Japan to Willapa Bay, Washington, but did not become established. 

42. Pododesmus cepio (Gray 1850) is frequently merged with P. macrochisma 

(Deshayes 1839) which is confined to Alaska. 

43. Lucina approximata (Dall 1901) probably is represented by a complex 

of several species. 

44. Lucina mazatlanica (Carpenter 1857) requires careful evaluation. It 

has been reported from the Gulf of California in 1043 m (Emerson and Puffer 

1957) , 

45. Thyasirinae subfamily nov. is proposed for members of the family 

Thyasiridae that are deeply infaunal, usually in regions of low productivity 

and low oxygen tension. The unsculptured shell has sharp dorsal folds 

accompanied by one or two radial sulci. The most profound modifications 

are in the soft parts, particularly the long vermiform foot, with terminal 

secretory bulb, which forms the mucoid inhalant tube. The anterior adductor 

muscle is elongated by the rotation of the body relative to the shell. The type 

genus is Thyasira Leach in Lamarck 1818. Included genera are Conchocele 

(Gabb 1866), Maorithyas (Fleming 1950), Parathyasira (Iredale 1930) and 

Philis (Fischer 1861). 

46. Conchocele excavata (Dall 1901) is usually placed in Thyasira sensu 

stricto, but the shell and anatomy show that it should be assigned to 

Conchocele. Shallow water (18-90 m) records from the Gulf of California 

(Parker 1964) are not this species. 

47. Axinopsidinae subfamily nov. is proposed for members of the family 

Thyasiridae that are members of the shallow infauna. Unlike the Thyasirininae, 

the group lacks shell folds or sulci, the hinge is strengthened by 

tubercles or pseudodentition, and the lunule is well developed. The subfamilies 

have arborescent digestive diverticula, but the foot is much shorter 

68 

in the Axinopsininae and lacks the hypertrophied terminal portion. I consider 

the proposed subfamily, dating from the Pliocene, only distantly related to 

the Thyasirinae which arose in the Cretaceous. The type genus is Axinopsida 

Keen and Chavan in Chavan 1951. Included genera are Adontorhina (Berry 

1947) and Axinulus (Verrill & Bush 1898). 

48. Felaniella parilis (Conrad 1848), described as a Miocene fossil, was 

first united with living material by Grant & Gale (1931) though largely 

ignored by subsequent workers, review of a large suite of living and fossil 

material from California and Washington (Pliocene), confirms my opinion. 

49. Kelliinae subfamily nov. is proposed to contain members of the family 

Kelliidae with strong dentition, mantle folds not extendable over the shell 

surface and the foot not modified into a wide creeping sole. The type genus is 

Kellia (Turton 1822). Included genera are Aligena (Lea 1846), Diplodontina 

(Stempell 1899), and Odontogena Cowan 1964. 

50. Aligena pisum (Dall 1908) is known only from a left valve, eroded and 

immature. It has been assigned to Axinulus by Harry (1969), but certainly is 

not a member of that genus. This taxon may best be considered a nomen 

dubium. 

51. Borniinae subfamily nov. is proposed to contain the genera Bornia 

(Philippi 1836), Rhamphidonta (Bernard 1975) and Solecardia (Conrad 

1849). Unlike other members of the family Kelliidae, this group has the 

hinge comparatively weakly developed, the shell thin and elongated. The 

mantle inner fold is capable of great extension to cover the entire shell 

valves, and the foot modified into a wide creeping disc. The type genus is 

Bornia (Philippi 1836). 

52. Ercyiniinae subfamily nom, trans!, is proposed for member genera of 

the family Lasaeidae with elongated compressed shells, weak to moderate 

hinge plate, laterals lamelliform, ligament extending backwards. The type 

genus is Erycina Lamarck 1805. Also included is Amerycina Chavan 1959. 

53. Lasaeinae subfamily nom, trans!, is proposed for the distinctive genus 

Lasaea (Brown 1827) of the family Lasaeidae. The subfamily is characterized 

by a rounded minute shell, nearly vertical beaks, and a thick, heavy 

hinge with a protruding cardinal in the left valve. The lateral teeth are similar 

in both valves and continuous with other teeth. 

54. Montacutinae subfamily nom, trans!, is proposed for genera of the 

family Montacutidae with subequilateral shells, thickened lateral teeth and 

minute resilium. The type genus is Montacuta (Turton 1822). The other 

included genus is Montacutona (Yamamoto and Habe 1959). 

55. Mysellinae subfamily nov. is proposed for the very distinct genus 

Mysella (Angas 1877) which should probably be divided into several 

genera. All species have a large resilifer, frequently bounded by raised 

margins or teeth forming a chondrophore-like structure. 

56. Orobitellinae subfamily nov. is proposed for a number of genera of the 

family Montacutidae, with usually inequilateral shells and oblique poorly 

developed resilifers. The right valve displays a strong anterior lateral tooth. 

The type genus is Orobitella (Dall 1900). Included genera are lsorobitella 

(Keen 1962), Neaeromya (Gabb 1873), Pythinella (Dall 1899), and tentatively, 

Scioberetia (Bernard 1895). 

57.Thecodontinae subfamily nov. is proposed for very inequilateral genera 

of the Montacutidae, with projecting prosogyrate beaks, resilifer oblique. 

Left valve with anterior lateral tooth slightly serrated and curved, following 

shell margin. The type genus is Thecodonta (A.Adams 1864). The east 

Pacific representative is Pristes (Carpenter 1864). 

58. Basterotia quadrata (Hinds 1843), described without locality. 

According to Olsson (1961) it was cited by Dall as a member of the east 

Pacific fauna. I am unable to find mention of any such species by Dall, but 

Paetel (1890) did include it in his catalogue. The species is a common warm 

water west Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean species. 

59. Cyclocardia gouldii (Dall 1903) was described from 1503m off San 

Diego, California, but no other material from this well-collected area 

matches the type material. I consider this to be a misplaced Atlantic C. 

borealis (Conrad 1831), the elongate form sometimes accorded subspecific 

status as C. borealis novangliae (Morse 1869). This conclusion may be

supported by the observation in the USNM of a sample of V. borealis 

labelled Cape May, Albatross Station2023 while the Albatross Station for C. 

gouldii is 2923; it may be speculated that a label may have been misread. 

60.The South American representatives are obviously referable to Cyclocardia, 

but the deeper lunule and overhanging umbones are suggestive of 

Cardites (Link 1807). It is possible that the group should be accorded 

subgeneric status within Cyclocardia. 

61. Crassatellacea superfamily nom. transi. et amend. is proposed to 

exclude the astartids, and to comprise the families Crassatellidae and Scambulidae 

characterized by an internal alivincular ligament. Though distantly 

related to astartids, similarities are due to convergence (Boyd & Newell 

1968). 

62. Astartacea superfamily nom. transi. is proposed to contain the familles 

Astartidae (Orbigny 1844) and Opinidae (Chavan 1952), characterized 

by an external, opisthodetic, parivincular ligament. Similarities to the super 

family Crassatellacea are the result of convergence. 

63. Astarte lozzgirostra (Orbigny 1846) though clearly astartid, is with 

doubt assigned to the genus Astarte. The total lack of lunule and vestigial 

escutcheon, the long, narrow, and deeply sunk ligament and the anomalous 

antiboreal distribution, suggest a careful review is required. Some features 

suggest affinity with Eriphylinae (Chavan 1952). 

64.Clinocardiinae (Kafanov 1975) was not recognized by Keen (1980) who 

includes Clinocardiunz (Keen 1936) in the subfamily Laevicardiinae (Keen 

1936). I am inclined to accept Kafanov's division on the basis of shell 

ultrastructure and consider it useful to segregate Clinocardium and Serripes 

(Gould 1841) from Laevicardium (Swainson 1840) and similar forms. 

65. Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson 1860), though usually only 

accorded subgeneric rank in Mactra, is sufficiently distinct to be elevated to 

full genus. The thick shell, fibrous periostracum and hinge structure support 

this interpretation. 

66.The presence of a third horse clam in the fauna will be a surprise to many 

workers. The species, to be named by B.Roth (in. flit.) has a limited subtidal 

distribution in California and was first recognized as distinct by Dinnell and 

Martini (1974) who erroneously referred it to Venus pajaroana (Conrad 

1857). 

67. Tellina scobizzata (Linné 1758) was listed from the Galapagos Islands 

(Schwengel 1938), but is a member of the Australian fauna. 

68. Tellitza virgata (Linné 1758) said to occur in Magellan Strait (Bertin 

1878), is probably a misplaced specimen of Indo-Pacific T. cumingii (Hanley 

1844). 

69. Macalia californiensis (Bertin 1878) was incorrectly described from 

California; the material probably was Japanese and referable to Tellina 

bruguieri (Hanley 1844). 

70. Macoma hesperus (Dall 1908) is known only from the holotype, 

described from the Gulf of Panama, but the Albatross Station (2355) is 

Caribbean and the specimen is probably Tellina brevifrons (Sowerby 1834). 

71. Psamnzotreta gubernaculum (Hanley 1844) described from Real Llejos 

and included by various workers in the west coast fauna, the holotype 

label states "India" and the species is, according to Keen (1971), probably 

identical to P. praerupta (Salisbury 1934). 

72. Psammotreta plebeia (Hanley 1844) described from Real Llejos, is 

extralimital. The type is labelled west Africa, and probably is referable to P. 

cumana (Costa 1829) from Senegal. 

73. Semele clydosa nonz. nov. is proposed for the preoccupied 

Amphidesma putzctatum (Sowerby 1833). The specific name is derived from 

the Greek klydon, waves, referring to the concentric undulations of the shell. 

74. Semele medioamericana (Pilsbry & Lowe 1932) described from 

Nicaragua has not since been collected, and probably represents displaced 

Caribbean S. proficua (Pultney 1799). 

75. Semele pacifica (Dall 1915) the type location was incorrectly stated to 

be Catalina Island, California. This Panamic species does, however, extend 

north into the Gulf of California. 

76. Seznelina nuculoides (Conrad 1841) recorded from the eastern Pacific 

by Hoffstetter (1952) as a subfossil from Atacama, is probably referable to 

S. subquadrata (Carpenter 1857). S. nuculoides is limited to the west 

Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean. 

77. Theora lubrica (Gould 1861) has been introduced from Japan to 

several Californian locations (Hardy 1970; Seapy 1974) and is probably 

established at Newport Bay and in Los Angeles Harbour. 

78. Tagelus violascens (Carpenter 1857) may be a synonym of T. dombeii 

(Lamarck 1818). 

79. Donax bellus (Deshayes 1855) described from Acapulco, Mexico, has 

not since been recognized. According to Keen (1971) it probably represents 

the Atlantic D. variabilis (Say 1832). 

80. Dotzax carpetzteri (H.Adams & A .Adams 1856) renamed for material 

said to have come from the Gulf of California, is presently lost. No decision 

on the status of this taxon can be made until the type interval is located. 

81. Donax flexuostts (Gould 1853) described from California probably 

represents misplaced Caribbean D. striatus (Linné 1767). 

82. lphigenia altior (Sowerby 1833) probably is the same as lphigetzia 

laevigata auctt not Gmelin 1791 cited by Carpenter (1857) which he considered 

a Brazilian species (fide H. Adams & A.Adams 1856). 

83. Trapezium californicum (Conrad 1837) though described from California, 

is in fact Hawaiian and referable to the widely distributed Indo- 

Pacific species T. oblongunz (Linné 1758). 

84. Trapeziunz liratum (Reeve 1843) has been introduced to the west coast 

of North America with Japanese seed oysters. Specimens have been collected 

at Elkho rn Slough, California (Bonnot 1935) and Ladysmith Harbour, 

British Columbia. The species does not seen to have become established. 

85. Polymesoda (Rafinesque 1828) includes species a that inhabit brackish 

to fresh waters, but shell valves are frequently found near river mouths and 

in estuaries. 

86. Polynzesoda convexa (Deshayes 1855) described from Central America 

has not since been collected, the generic assignment is not obvious, and 

the type not located; thus it is best considered a nom. dub. 

87. Vezztricolaria lepidoglypta (Dall 1902) described in error from Acapulco, 

Mexico is extralimital, possibly, according to Keen (1971), the west 

Pacific Venus foveolata (Sowerby 1853). 

88. Chione califoriziensis (Broderip 1835) is accepted in preference to 

Venus leucodon (Sowerby 1835) though the later has page priority, following 

Carpenter (1864) as the first reviser. 

89. Chiozze schottii (Dall 1902) described from Humboldt Bay in the Gulf 

of Panama, probably is a ballast shell, perhaps, according to Olsson (1961) 

the Atlantic Venus striatula (Costa 1778). 

90. Mercenaria apodema (Dall 1902) was also described from Humboldt 

Bay, Gulf of Panama (see note 89), probably a ballast shell referable to the 

Atlantic Venus campechietzsis (Gmelin 1791). 

91. Mercenaria kennicottii (Dall 1871) described from Neah Bay, 

Washington.Dall also referred to a single valve from Monterey, California, 

but no similar material has since been collected. I suspect the northern 

accord is referable to the Japanese Venus stimpsoni (Gould 1861), and the 

southern valve to ballast or misplaced Atlantic V. mercenaria (Linné 1758). 

92. Mercenaria mercenaria (Linné 1758) is an Atlantic species introduced 

to San Francisco Bay, Newport, California, and possible other locations. It 

is possibly established at Humboldt Bay, California (Hanna 1966). 

69

93. Meretrix lusoria (Reiding 1798) is a western Pacific species introduced 

to Washington State in 1959, but the species did not become established 

(Hanna 1966). 

94. Amiantis lubrica (Broderip 1835) was described from Costa Rica, but 

according to Sowerby (1853) is referable to the Atlantic Venus purpurata 

(Lamarck 1818). 

95. Pitar ida (Tegland 1928), according to Roth (1975), is in fact an 

adventitious Atlantic P. morrhuanus (Gray 1845). 

96. Saxidomus brevisiphonatus (Carpenter 1865) described from Vancouver 

Island, British Columbia, is a senior synonym for the Japanese 

Macrocallista chishimana (Pilsbry 1905). 

97. Clementia gracillima Carpenter 1857 was described from Mazatlan, 

Mexico, but is unrecognizable and best considered a nom. dub. 

98. Gemma gemma (Totten 1834) a small Atlantic species, has been 

widely introduced from the northern Strait of Georgia, British Columbia to 

San Diego, California (Hanna 1939, 1963). 

99. Petricola pholadiformis (Lamarck 1818), an Atlantic species, has 

been introduced to San Francisco Bay, California and Willapa Bay, Washington 

and other locations and has become established (Hanna 1963). 

100. Venerupis peruviana Jay, 1839 is a junior synonym of Petricola 

denticulata Sowerby, 1834, so Olsson's name is a homonym and requires 

replacement. 

101. Mya arenaria (Linné 1758) has a complex distributional history, 

though it originated in the north Pacific and spread to the Atlantic, it became 

extinct in the eastern Pacific and its present inclusion in the fauna is due to 

introduction in the 1870s (Bernard 1979). 

102.Spheniinae subfamily nov. is proposed to separate the genus Sphenia 

(Turton 1822) from the Myinae, as the resilifer of the left valve is only 

superficially similar to the chondrophore of Mya and the lateral tubercles of 

the right valve have no counterpart in Mya. I prefer to consider Sphenia only 

distantly related to the subfamily Myinae. 

103. Panope abbreviata (Valenciennes 1839) is a common species of the 

southwest Atlantic, and has hitherto not been recorded alive from the Pacific 

Ocean, though it is frequent in the Pliocene of Ecuador and Miocene of 

nothem Peru under P . coquimbensis (Orbigny 1842), P. hauthali (Wilckens 

1907), and, possibly, P. inferior (Wilckens 1907). Through the courtesy of 

the late W.J.Eyerdam, I have a recently living specimen collected on the 

beach at Smith Harbour (54°S) in 1958, though more material is required to 

firmly place the species in the Pacific fauna. 

104. Panope abrupta (Conrad 1849) a large, abundant clam of the northeast 

Pacific is indistinguishable from the Japanese representative, which is 

70 

usually collected as a juvenile. Moore (1964) first recognized the living 

American species should be assigned to P. abrupta. 

105. Pholas cornea (Sowerby 1834) described from Central America , has 

not since been recognized and is best considered a nom, dub, as the 

description is insufficiently detailed. 

106. Zitfaea crispata (Linné 1758) is used in the early literature for Z. 

pilsbryi (Lowe 1931). The species was introduced from the Atlantic to 

Humboldt Bay, California, but does not appear to have become established. 

107. Penitella tubigera (Valenciennes 1846) no type location as been 

cited, however, Carpenter (1857) considered it west American. It is probably 

referable to the Indo-Pacific Aspidopholas (Fischer 1887). (R. D. 

Turner in. litt.) 

108. Pholadidea tridens (Gray 1843) appeared in the early literature for a 

number of species, but it is, in fact, New Zealand in distribution. 

109. Netastoma (Carpenter 1864) is not a homonym of Nettastoma 

Rafinesque 1810, so need not be placed by Nettastomella Carpenter 1865 

(ICZN pending). 

110. Agriodesma Dall 1909 is treated as a full genus because the thick , 

dehiscent periostrum and massive ligament set it apart from Entodesma 

(Philippi 1845) sensu stricto. 

Ill. Allogramma amabilis (Dall 1913) described from deep water off 

southern California, has not been identified since and probably is referable to 

misplaced Atlantic Lyonsia formosa (Jeffreys 1881). 

112. Entodesma scammoni (Dall 1871) was described from Port Simpson, 

British Columbia and said to range to San Diego, California. It has not since 

been collected and probably represents an adventitious Atlantic-Caribbean 

Lyonsia beana (Orbigny 1842). 

113. Lyonsia panamensis (Dall 1908) collected in 1077m, probably is not 

a Lyonsia sensu stricto, and may be adventitious. Any judgement should be 

reserved until more material is at hand. 

114. Thraciacea superfamily nom, trans!, is proposed to include three 

families (Periplomatidae, Laternulidae and Thracidae) placed with the Pandoracea. 

They are characterized by a homogenous shell and edentulous 

hinge. 

115. Laternula limicola (Reeve 1864) has been introduced from Japan to 

Coos Bay, Oregon, but it has not become established (Keen 1969). 

116.Septibranchida is retained to contain the superfamilies Poromyacea and 

Cuspidariacea which are, at best, only distantly related, the former may 

require a separate order.

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85

abbotti, Lithophaga 21 

abbreviata, Astarte 37 

abbreviata, Mya 57 

aberrans, Calyptraea 27 

A bra 46 

abbreviata, Panope 59 

abrupta, Panope 59 

abrupta, Saxicava 57 

abruptus, Donax 49 

abyssicola, Modiolus 20 

abyssicola, Sarepta 10 

abvssicola, Yoldia 14 

Aeanthocardia 37 

acapulcensis, Leda 12 

Acar 14 

Acephala 9 

Acesta 22 

Acharax 9 

achatinus, Mytilus 18 

Acila 9 

acolasta, Macoma 45 

acrita, Nuculana 12 

Acrosterigma 37 

aculeata, Acanthocardia 37 

acuminata, Leda 12 

acuminata, Parapholas 60 

acuta, Leda 12 

acuta, Mulinia 40 

aeuta, Mya 57 

acuta, Polymesoda 50 

acutedentata, Clidiophora 63 

acuticostata, Astarte 36 

acuticostata, Callista 55 

acutilineata, Lucina 29 

acutithyra, Pholadidea 61 

acutus, Cyclopecten 26 

acymata, Mactra 39 

adamas, Anomia 27 

adamsi, Anadara 15 

adamsi, Crassinella 36 

adamsi, Cumingia 46 

adamsi, Mytilus 49 

adamsi, Spisula 40 

adamsianus, Brachidontes 18 

Adontorhina 30 

Adrana 11 

Adula 21 

aequacostata, Haliris 65 

aequalis, Potamomya 58 

aequatorialis, Anadara 15 

aequatorialis, Eucrassinella 36 

aequatorialis, Ostrea 23 

aequatorialis, Scolimytilus 18 

aequilatera, Cytherea 53 

aequinoctialis, Pitar 55 

aequisulcatus, Pecten 24 

aequivalvis, Avicula 16 

aequizonata, Lucinoma 29 

Aeqviyoldia 13 

aeruginosa, Osteodesma 63 

affinis, Cardita 33 

al:finis, Cytherea 55 

enis, Donax 48 

Hemicardia 38 

qffinis, Tagelus 48 

agapea, Nuculana 12 

agassizii, Lima 22 

agassizii, Solemya 9 

Agerostrea 23 

agrestris, Venus 51 

86 

INDEX 

Note: Boldface entry indicates a current nomen 

Agriodesma 63 

agujana, Nucula 9 

akutanica, Limopsis 16 

alabastrum, Cardiwn 38 

alaskana, Cardita 34 

alaskana, Macoma 45 

alaskana, Policordia 65 

alaskana, Spisula 40 

alaskana, Venericardia 34 

alaskanum, Periplorna 64 

alaskense, Parvamussium 27 

alaskensis, Tridonta 37 

alata, Mactra 40 

alba, Corbula 58 

alba, Mya 57 

albida, Chlamys 24 

albidum, Dacrydium 19 

Albimanus 64 

akatrazensis, Spisula 40 

alectus, Anomia 27 

aletes, Pitar 54 

aleutica, Diplodonta 30 

aleutica, Mysella 32 

aleuticum, Periploma 64 

algosus, Semimytilus 19 

A ligena 30 

Allogramma 63 

alope, Placunanomia 27 

alta, Anatina 64 

alla, Paphia 53 

alta, Siliqua 41 

alla, Tellina 44 

alternata, Barbatia 15 

alternata, Cytherea 53 

alternatus, Pitar 55 

alternidentata, Tellina 43 

altilis, Polymesoda 50 

altior, lphigenia 49 

altiplicatus, Pecten 24 

altirostris, Corbula 40 

alvarezii, Venus 51 

atnabilis, Allograma 63 

amandi, Pecten 25 

amara, Ostrea 23 

amathusia, Chione 51 

atnbigua, lphigenia 49 

amblia, Nuculana 11 

atnblia, Yoldiella 14 

Ameghinomya 51 

americana, Leptomya 46 

americana, Martesia 60 

americanum, Amygdalum 19 

americanus, Modiolus 19 

americanus, Mytilus 18 

americanus, Spondylus 27 

Americardia 38 

Amerycina 31 

amethystina, Corbula 58 

amianta, Tellina 42 

Amiantis 54 

amiata, Nuculana II 

Amphichaena 48 

ampla, Panomya 59 

atnplectans, Angulus 43 

ampliwa, Venus 52 

amygdalea, Yoldia 13 

amygdalina, Petricola 57 

Amygdalum 19 

anachoreta, Petricola 56 

Anadara 15 

Anadarinae 15 

Anatina 40 

anatina, Mactra 40 

Anchomasa 60 

anconensis, Thracia 64 

angelica, Lopha 24 

angulata, Arca 14 

angulata, Astarte 37 

angulata, Cyrena 50 

angulata, Lima 23 

angulata, Mactra 40 

angulata, Vesicomya 50 

angulosa, Cytherea 51 

A ngulus 42 

angusta, Mactra 39 

angustanus, Mytilus 19 

aniwana, Liocyma 56 

antzae, Dosinia 51 

annettae, Lophocardium 38 

annulata, Lucinoma 29 

anomala, Polymesoda 50 

Anomalodesmata 62 

A nomia 27 

Anomiacea 27 

Anomiidae 27 

anomioides, Perna 22 

anomioides, Plicatula 24 

antarctica, Astarte 37 

antarctica, Hiatella 59 

antarctica, Lucinoma 29 

antarctica, Mactra 40 

antarctica, Panopaea 59 

antarctica, Philobrya 16 

antaretica, Sanguinolaria 45 

antarctica, Solemya 9 

antarcticum, Cyamium 33 

A ntinioche 52 

antiqua, Ameghinomya 51 

aomoriensis, Astarte 37 

apicitzum, Cardium 38 

Apiocardia 38 

apodema, Cuspidaria 66 

apodema, Mercenaria 52 

appendiculata, Modiola 21 

approximata, Lucina 29 

aquatilis, Malleus 22 

aratus, Saxidornus 55 

araucana, Melina 22 

Arca 14 

Arcacea 14 

arcana, Chama 35 

arcella, Cardites 34 

ai-ces, Pecten 26 

Archivesica 50 

Arcidae 14 

arciformis, Malletia 11 

arciformis, Mytella 18 

Arcinae 14 

Arcinella 35 

Arcoida 14 

arconis, Chlatnys 25 

Arcopsis 16 

arctica, Hiatella 51 

arctica, Nucula 13 

arctica, Panomya 59 

arctica, Portlandia 13 

arctica, Tapes 56 

arctica, Tridonta 37 

Arcticacea 49 

areticum, Cardium 39

arcuata, Laeda 11 

arcuata, Lima 23 

arcuata, Pandora 62 

arcuata, Petricola 57 

Ardeamya 46 

arenaria, Mya 57 

arenatum, Cardium 38 

arenica, Tellina 42 

arenosa, Lyonsia 63 

argentaria, Periplonza 64 

argenteus, Cyclopecten 26 

argentina, Tivela 53 

argentinica, Bankia 62 

argis, Tellina 44 

Argopecten 24 

arguta, Cytherea 53 

aricana, Donczx 48 

aristata, Lithophaga 21 

arnheimi, Macoma 45 

artemidis, Diplodonta 30 

artenzidis, Lucina 28 

askoyana, Tellina 43 

asper, Donax 49 

asperrima, Protothaca 53 

aspersa, Papyridea 37 

aspersus, Pecten 25 

assimilis, Donax 49 

assimilis, Pectunculus 17 

Astartacea 36 

Astarte 36 

Astartidae 36 

Astartinae 36 

astartoides, Venus 55 

asthenodon, Leporimetis 44 

Asthenothaerus 64 

atacama, Mactra 39 

ater, Aulacomya 17 

atlantica, Avicula 21 

atossa, Tindaria 11 

Atrina 22 

attenuata, Limatula 22 

attenuata, Modiola 21 

Aulacomya 17 

aurantiaca, Megapitaria 54 

auratus, Mytilus 18 

auricula, Anadara 16 

auriculata, Arca 16 

aurita, Xylophaga 61 

aurora, Cytherea 53 

aurora, Psammotreta 45 

autism, Modiolus 19 

austini, Leda 13 

australis, Cardita 34 

australis, Cryptomya 58 

australis, Pecten 25 

australis, Scioberetia 33 

Austroplatyodon 58 

aviculaeformis, Arca 16 

aviculoides, Arca 16 

awana, Petrie°la 59 

Axinactis 17 

Axinola 17 

Axinopsida 29 

Axinopsininae 29 

Axinulus 29 

azulensis, Mum(la 9 

badia, Chione 55 

bahamensis, Pholadidea 60 

bailyi, Barbatia 14 

bailyi, Cyclocardia 34 

bakeri, Bernardina 49 

bakeri, Erycina 32 

bakeri, Orobitella 32 

balboae, Cardiomya 65 

balliana, Erycina 31 

balthica, Macoma 44 

baltrana, Diplodonta 30 

Bankia 62 

Bankiella 62 

Bankiinae 62 

banksii, Nicania 37 

barbarae, Tellina 46 

barbarensis, Cyclocardia 34 

barbarensis, Cyclopecten 26 

barbarensis, Psephidia 54 

barbarensis, Thyasira 29 

barbata, Avicula 21 

Barbatia 14 

Barbatiella 16 

Barnea 60 

bartschi, Teredo 62 

Basterotella 33 

Basterotia 33 

Bathyarca 16 

Bathyspinula 13 

batilliformis, Teredo 62 

beachi, Teredo 62 

beatertana, Teredo 62 

beauiana, Martesia 60 

becki, Pandorina 63 

beckii, Liocynza 55 

beebei, Cyclocardia 34 

behringensis, Neaera 66 

behringiana, Chlamys 24 

beili, Protothaca 52 

beiliana, Pteria 21 

belcheri, Trachycardium 38 

bel/a, Ctena 28 

bella, Donax 48 

bellardina, Modiola 20 

bellilantellants, Pecten 25 

bellotii, Nucula 9 

bel/us, Donax 49 

betzedicti, Hinnites 25 

bennetti, Davisia 33 

betmetti, Lissarca 17 

betznettii, Cyamium 33 

bennettii, Tridonta 37 

benthalis, Cyclopecten 26 

benthima, Malletia 11 

beringensis, Mysella 32 

beringi, Thracia 64 

beringiana, Cardita 34 

beringiana, Panomya 59 

beringiana, Poromya 65 

beringiana, Y oldia 14 

Bernardina 49 

Bernardinidae 49 

berryana, Grippina 59 

berryi, Pecten 26 

berryi, Pitar 54 

bertini, Sanguinolaria 48 

biangulata, Americardia 38 

biangulata, Anadara 16 

biangulata, Scrobicularia 44 

biaperta, Hiatella 59 

bicarinata, Corbula 58 

bicarinata, Didonta 59 

bicarinata, Pandora 63 

bicolor, Modiolarca 49 

bicolor, Mulinia 40 

bicolor, Mytilus 18 

bicolor, Pectunculus 17 

bicolor, Perna 22 

bicolor, Semele 46 

bicostata, Nuculana 12 

bifrons, Anadara 15 

bilizrcata, Paphia 56 

bifurcatus, Septifer 19 

bighopensis, Schizothaerus 40 

bilineata, Venus 51 

bilirata, Pandora 63 

bilirata, Sphenia 59 

binzaculata, Tellina 47 

biolleyi, Leptopecten 25 

bipartita, Lyrodus 61 

bipetznata, Teredo 62 

biradiata, Cytherea 53 

biradiata, Corbula 58 

biradiata, Tapes 56 

bisecta, Conchocele 29 

biserialis, Cytherea 53 

bistriatus, Cyclopecten 26 

bistrigata, Mactra 40 

bisulcata, Parapholas 60 

bitincta, Donax 48 

Bivalvia 9 

blakeanus, Brachidontes 18 

blandum, Clinocardium 39 

bodegensis, Tellina 43 

boivinea, Corbula 59 

borgorovi, Spinula 13 

boliviana, Polymesoda 50 

boreale, Cardium 39 

borealis, Cardita 34 

borealis, Lucina 29 

borealis, Odontogena 31 

borealis, Teredo 62 

borealis, Tridonta 37 

Bornia 31 

Borniinae 31 

Botula 19 

bouda, Petricola 57 

bourgeoisae, Tage/us 48 

Brachidontes 18 

bracteata, Lyonsia 63 

bradleyi, Mulinia 40 

bramkanzpi, Bathatia 15 

brandtii, Arca 15 

brantzeri, Astarte 36 

brasiliana, Arca 15 

brattstroemi, Philobrya 16 

braziliensis, Pandora 63 

bresia, Ostrea 24 

brevicornuta, Tellina 43 

brevifrons, Agriodesma 63 

brevifrotzs, Lunarca 16 

brevifrons, Pandora 62 

brevilineata, Venus 51 

brevirostris, Tellina 43 

brevis, Gastrochaena 59 

brevis, Saxidomus 55 

brevisiphonatus, Saxidomus 55 

brevispinosus, Pitar 54 

broderipii, Tellina 44 

broggi, Chione 52 

broggii, Solecurtus 48 

brota, Macoma 44 

broweri, Astarte 37 

brugueri, Tellina 45 

brunnea, Psephidia 49 

brunnea, Saturnia 11 

bucaruana, Argina 16 

buccata, Nuculana 11 

buddiana, Chama 35 

bu/basa, Petricola 57 

bullata, Cyrena 50 

bullata, Kellia 31 

burchi, Nuculana 12 

burneti, Tellidora 42 

Bushia 64 

busoensis, Cryptomya 58 

87

uttoni, Poromya 65 

buttoni, Tellina 42 

buwaldi, Petricola 57 

byronensis, Mulinia 40 

byronensis, Tivela 53 

byssifera, Mya 59 

Byssomera 33 

Cadella 42 

caelata, Nucula 13 

caelata, Verticordia 65 

caelatum, Phlyctiderma 30 

caelatus, Donax 48 

caerulus, Mytilus 18 

cagnel, Tridonta 37 

caianensis, Donax 49 

calamitus, Pecten 27 

calbucana, Mactra 40 

calcar, Spinula 13 

calcarea, Macoma 44 

calcarella, Leda 13 

calcifer, Spondylus 27 

calculus, Lucina 30 

californiana, Satzguinolaria 44 

californiana, Venus 51 

californianum, Cardium 38 

californianus, Mytilus 18 

californianus, Tagelus 48 

californica, Abra 46 

californica, Arcinella 35 

californica, Basterotia 33 

californica, Cardiomya 65 

californica, Cardita 33 

californica, Cumingia 46 

californica, Dimya 24 

californica, Ervilia 41 

californica, Gari 47 

californica, Gouldia 51 

californica, Grippina 59 

californica, Lucina 28 

californica, Lyonsia 63 

californica, Mactra 39 

californica, Ostrea 24 

californica, Papyridea 38 

californica, Parapholas 60 

californica, Saturnia 11 

californica, Saxicava 57 

californica, Semele 46 

californica, Siliqua 41 

californica, Sportella 32 

californica, Tellina 44 

• californica, Transennella 54 

californica, Xylophaga 61 

californicum, Isognomon 22 

californicum, Trapezium 49 

californicus, Donax 49 

californicus, Ensis 41 

californiense, Clinocardium 39 

californiensis, Adula 21 

californiensis, Chione 51 

californiensis, Macalia 44 

californiensis, Petricola 57 

callatnensis, Tellina 43 

callichroa, Crassostrea 23 

callicomatus, Pitar 55 

callimene, Nuculana 12 

Callithaca 52 

Calloarca 15 

Callogonia 50 

callosa, Amiantis 54 

callosa, Venus 51 

Callucina 28 

calva, Parapholas 60 

calyculata, Lithophaga 21 

Calyptogena 50 

88 

camaronis, Spisula 40 

camdenetzsis, Cyrtodaria 59 

camerella, Leptopecten 25 

camina, Mulinia 40 

campechiensis, Pholas 60 

Camptonectinae 25 

camuloensis, Arca 15 

canadensis, Poromya 65 

canalifera, Lithophaga 21 

canalis, Batzkia 62 

cancellaris, Lucina 29 

cancellata, Leda 10 

cancellatus, Plalyodon 57 

candeana, Avicula 22 

canoa, Glycymeris 17 

capax, Lucina 28 

capax, Modiolus 19 

capax, Tresus 40 

capensis, Mytilus 17 

capsa, Yoldiella 14 

cardara, Nucula 10 

Cardiacea 37 

cardiformis, Cyrena 50 

Cardiidae 37 

cardiiformis, Arca 15 

Cardiinae 37 

Cardiniidae 37 

Cardiomya 65 

Cardita 33 

Carditacea 33 

Carditamera 34 

Carditamerinae 34 

Carditella 34 

Cardites 33 

Carditesinae 33 

Carditidae 33 

Carditinae 33 

carditoides, Petricola 57 

Carditopsis 35 

Cardium 37 

caribaea, Pholas 60 

carinata, Mactrellona 40 

carinatus, Donax 49 

carinulata, Mactra 40 

carlottensis, Cyclopecten 26 

carlottensis, Macoma 45 

carlottensis, Nucula 9 

carnaria, Tellina 41 

carnea, Thracia 45 

carpenteri, Dactylus 21 

carpenteri, Donax 49 

carpenteri, Glans 35 

carpenteri, Modiolus 19 

carpenteri, Periploma 64 

carpenteri, Siliquaria 48 

carpenteri, Tellina 42 

Caryocorbula 58 

caryonautes, Transennella 54 

cascoensis, Nucula 13 

casta, Psammobia 46 

casta, Tellina 45 

castrensis, Acila 9 

catalinae, Erycina 31 

cataractes, Pecten 27 

catharius, Pitar 55 

catilliformis, Spisula 40 

caudatus, Lithophagus 21 

caudigera, Modiola 21 

caudiva, Crenella 20 

caurinus, Patinopecten 27 

cecinella, Yoldiella 14 

cellulita, Nuculana 12 

centifilosum, Nemocardium 38 

centrifuga, Lucina 28 

cepio, Pododesmus 27 

cepoides, Anadara 16 

Ceropsis 35 

cerritensis, Aligena 32 

cerritensis, Pecten 25 

cerrosensis, Ostrea 23 

cerrosiana, Tellina 42 

cervola, Saturnia 11 

cestrota, Leda 12 

Cetoconcha 65 

chacei, Erycina 32 

Chaceia 60 

chalcedonica, Montacuta 31 

challisiana, Thracia 64 

Chama 35 

Chamacea 35 

Chamidae 35 

charapota, Petricola 57 

charruana, Mytilus 18 

chemnitziana, Perna 22 

chemnitzii, Glycymeris 17 

chenuana, Gregariella 20 

chenuanus, Mytilus 18 

chenui, Gregariella 20 

chibana, Tellina 43 

chiclaya, Bornia 31 

childrenae, Phacoides 29 

chilenica, Kingiella 33 

chilenica, Yoldiella 14 

chilensis, Chama 35 

chilensis, Cuspidaria 66 

chilensis, Cyamiomactra 33 

chilensis, Donacilla 41 

chilensis, Entodesma 63 

chilensis, Mallettia 10 

chilensis, Mytilus 18 

chilensis, Saxicava 59 

chilensis, Poromya 65 

chilensis, Tiostrea 23 

chilensis, Venus 52 

chilina, Cyrena 50 

chiloensis, Bankia 62 

chiloensis, Ostrea 23 

chiloensis, Petricola 57 

chiloensis, Pholas 60 

chinensis, Anomia 27 

Chion 48 

chionaea, Cytherea 54 

Chione 51 

Chioninae 51 

Chionista 51 

Chionopsis 51 

chiquita, Ctena 28 

Chlamydinae 24 

Chlamydoconcha 33 

Chlamydoconchacea 33 

Chlamydoconchidae 33 

Chlamys 24 

chions, Scintilla 30 

chlorotica, Teredo 62 

Choromytilus 18 

chorus, Choromytilus 18 

chroma, Strigilla 41 

chrysis, Panomya 59 

chrysocoma, Nucula 9 

chrysocoma, Tell/na 42 

cibaoica, Tell/na 43 

cibialis, Ostrea 23 

cicercula, Strigilla 42 

cieba, Bankia 62 

Ciliatocardium 39 

ciliatum, Clinocardium 39 

cineracea, Venus 51 

cingulata, Venus 52

cinnabarina, Ostrea 24 

cinnamonzeus, Mytilus 19 

Circinae 51 

circinatus, Cytherea 55 

circularis, Argopecten 24 

cistula, Lasaea 31 

cistula, Pandora 63 

clallanzensis, Tellina 43 

clarionense, Laevicardium 38 

clarionensis, Ctena 28 

clarionensis, Pseudochama 36 

clarki, Apolymetis 44 

clava, Saxicava 59 

clavata, Pholas 60 

claviculata, Pandora 62 

daviculata, Placunanomia 27 

Clementiinae 56 

Clementina 56 

clenzentina, Crassinella 36 

clementina, Mysella 32 

clementinum, Lepton 32 

clerii, Cumingia 46 

cleryana, Mactra 40 

Clidiophora 62 

Clinocardiinae 38 

Clinocardium 38 

clippertonensis, Ctena 28 

clisia, Mactrellona 40 

clydosa, Semele 46 

Cnesterium 13 

coani, Tellina 42 

coarctata, Crenella 20 

coarctata, Cumingia 46 

cobbi, Neodavisia 33 

cocosensis, Cyclopecten 26 

Codakia 28 

cognata, Leporimetis 44 

cognata, Temnoconcha 46 

coked, Aligena 30 

collinsoni, Leda 13 

colombiana, Nucula 10 

Colonche 53 

coloradoensis, Mulinia 40 

colpoica, Codakia 28 

colpoica, Elycina 31 

colpoica, Thracia 64 

columba, Aphrodite 39 

columbiana, Megacrenella 20 

columbiensis, Crassostrea 23 

columbiensis, Divaricella 29 

columbiensis, Protothaca 53 

columbiensis, Psammotreta 46 

comatus, Pecten 24 

communis, Mya 57 

comoxensis, Cardium 39 

compacta, Astarte 36 

compacta, Chanza 35 

compactus, Pecten 24 

complanata, Arca 15 

compressa, Crassina 37 

compressa, Cyclocardia 34 

compressa, Mysella 32 

compressa, Neaeromya 32 

compressa, Tindaria 11 

compressa, Venus 37 

conzpressus, Linzopsis 16 

compressus, Mytilus 18 

Compsomyax 56 

compta, Chione 51 

concamerata, Plzolas 61 

concava, Xylophaga 61 

concentrica, Davisia 33 

concentrica, Venus 51 

concentrica, Woodia 29 

conceptionis, Nuculana 11 

conchaphila, Ostrea 23 

Conchocele 29 

concinna, Anadara 15 

concinna, Tellina 45 

concinna, Petricola 57 

concinnus, Pitar 55 

condoni, Mytilus 18 

Condylocardia 35 

Condylocardiidae 35 

Condylocardiinae 35 

conradi, Donax 48 

conradi, Leukoma 52 

conradi, Penitella 61 

consanguineus, Pitar 54 

consors, Trachycardium 38 

constricta, Pholas 60 

contusa, Dollar 48 

convexa, Pandora 63 

convexa, Polynzesoda 50 

convexiuscula, Crassina 37 

Cooperella 56 

Cooperellidae 56 

cooperii, Yoldia 13 

copiosum, Cyamium 33 

coquitnbana, Mactra 53 

coquimbana, Mulinia 40 

coquimbensis, Mysella 32 

coquimbensis, Panopaea 59 

coquimbensis, Solecurtus 48 

corallina, Chama 35 

coralliophaga, Gregariella 20 

coralliotis, Dimya 24 

coralloides, Chama 35 

corhicula, Cytherea 53 

Corbiculacea 50 

Corbiculidae 50 

corbis, Cochlea 39 

Corbula 58 

Corbulidae 58 

Corbulinae 58 

corbuloides, Crassatella 36 

corculum, Arca 15 

cordieri, Venus 52 

cordifortnis, Cyretza 50 

cordyla, Nuculana 13 

cornea, Lucina 30 

cornea, Pholas 60 

cornetts, Pecten 25 

corn nia, Pandora 63 

coronata, Eiycina 31 

corpulenta, Bathyarca 16 

corpulenta, mya 57 

corrugata, Astarte 37 

corrugata, Crassina 37 

corrugata, Pseudochama 36 

corrugata, Semele 46 

corrugatus, Musculus 20 

cortezi, Chione 51 

corteziana, Glycymeris 17 

corteziensis, Crassostrea 23 

costata, Cardioznya 65 

costatus, Culte//us 41 

costellata, Chlamys 24 

costellata, Nuculana 12 

costellata, Venus 51 

costellatum, Isognomon 22 

Costelloleda 12 

costigera, Leda 12 

costulifera, Strigilla 42 

couthouyi, Thracia 64 

cowani, Cuspidaria 66 

coxa, Crassinella 36 

craneana, Semele 46 

crassa, Astarte 37 

crassa, Cardita 34 

crassa, Gari 47 

crassa, Hinnites 25 

crassa, Modiolarca 49 

crassa, Mya 57 

Crassatellacea 36 

Crassatellidae 36 

crassatelloides, Cytherea 53 

Crassicardia 34 

crassicostata, Cardites 33 

crassidens, Crassicardia 34 

Crassinella 36 

crassiplicatus, Pecten 25 

crassisquama, Spondylus 27 

Crassithracia 64 

Crassostrea 23 

crassula, Macoma 44 

crassus, Semite,- 19 

crebricostata, Astarte 36 

crebricostata, Cyclocardia 34 

crebrilineata, Astarte 36 

crenata, Astarte 36 

crenatus, Mytilus 17 

Crenella 20 

Crenellinae 20 

crenifera, Adrana 11 

crenifera, Chione 51 

crenulata, Nucula 10 

crispa, Leda 12 

crispata, Pholas 60 

crispata, Zitfaea 60 

cristagalli, Mytilus 24 

cristallina, Tellina 43 

cristata, Clidiophora 62 

cri stata, Lucina 42 

cristulata, Tellidorella 37 

croceum, Anzphidesma 47 

crockeri, Papyridea 38 

crockeri, Solen 41 

crossei, Arca 14 

crucigera, Cyrtopleura 60 

cruentatum, Cardium 38 

Cryptodonta 9 

Crytomya 58 

Ctena 28 

cubitus, Mytilus 18 

Cucullaearca 15 

culebrensis, Nucula 10 

Culminatus, Dotzax 49 

Cultellidae 41 

cultellus, Musculus 20 

Donax 48 

cultrata, Adrana 11 

cultrata, Amerycina 31 

Cumingia 46 

cumingiana, Arca 15 

cumingiana, Ostrea 24 

cumingianus, Lithodomus 21 

cumingianus, Mytilus 19 

cumingii, Cyrena 50 

cumingii, Lophocardium 38 

cumingii, Malletia 10 

cumingii, Pinna 22 

cumingii, Placunanomia 28 

cumin gii, Pteria 21 

cumingii, Scintilla 30 

cumitzgii, Septifer 19 

cumingii, Tellina 44 

cuntingii, Triomphalia 61 

cutningii, Venus 54 

Cunearca 15 

cuneata, Nuculana 12 

cuneatum, Cyamium 33 

89

cuneatum, Entodesma 63 

cuneiformis, Martesia 60 

cuneiformis, Mytilus 19 

cuneola, Mactra 40 

cupula, Pholas 60 

curta, Cardiomya 66 

curta, Diplothyra 60 

curta'Thracia 64 

curtulosa, Leda 12 

curvata, Partitella 61 

Cuspidaria 66 

Cuspidariacea 65 

Cuspidariidae 65 

cuticula, Anomia 27 

cuvieri, Cardita 33 

Cyamiacea 33 

Cyamiidae 33 

Cyamiocardium 33 

Cyamiomactra 33 

Cyamium 33 

Cyathodonta 64 

cycladiformis, Kellia 31 

cyclia, Adontorhina 30 

Cyclinella 56 

Cyclininae 56 

Cyclocardia 34 

cycloides, Venus 51 

Cyclopecten 25 

cygnus, Thyasira 29 

cylindracea, Entodesma 63 

cylindracea, Petricola 57 

cylindrica, Corbula 58 

cylindricus, Solecurtus 48 

cylista, Botula 19 

cymata, Psephidia 56 

Cymatioa 30 

Cymatoica 44 

cypria, Venus 52 

cyprinoides, Astarte 37 

cyprinus, Anatina 40 

Cyrenoida 30 

Cyrenoididae 30 

Cyrilla 9 

Cyrtodaria 59 

Cyrtopleura 60 

cytaeum, Anomia 27 

Dacrydium 19 

dactylifortnis, Mytilus 19 

dactylus, Petricola 57 

Cyamiocardium 33 

• dalli, Limopsis 16 

dalli, Ostrea 24 

dalli, Portlandia 13 

dalli, Pseudochama 36 

Dallocardia 38 

darella, Nucula 9 

Darina 41 

darwini, Venus 51 

darwinianus, Mytilus 17 

darwinii, Chlamys 25 

darwinii, Netastoma 61 

davidsoni, Pecten 27 

dawsoni, Cardium 39 

dawsoni, Montacuta 32 

deanneae, Mysella 32 

decisa, Semele 46 

declivis, Darina 41 

declivis, Nucula 9 

declivis, Tellina 43 

decora, Psammobia 48 

decoratum, Cymionema 49 

decumbens, Tellina 43 

decussata, Arca 15 

decussata, Crenella 20 

90 

decussata, Eurhomalea 55 

decussatus, Mytilus 20 

dehiscens, Lima 22 

dehiscerts, Semele 46 

Delectopecten 26 

delesserti, Chama 35 

delessertii, Glycymeris 17 

delessertii, Tivela 53 

delgata, Noetia 16 

delicata, Lyonsia 63 

delicatula, Tellina 43 

delicatulum, Microcardium 38 

delosi, Pecten 25 

demissa, Geukensia 19 

densata, Mactra 40 

densilineata, Cumingia 46 

densilineata, Lucinoma 29 

densilirata, Lucinoma 29 

dentata, Lucina 29 

dentata, Zirphaea 60 

dentatus, Pecten 27 

denticosudata, Anomia 28 

denticulata, Gastrochaena 59 

clenticulata, Modiolaria 20 

denticulata, Petricola 57 

denticulata, Tapes 56 

dentifer, Donax 49 

depressa, Crassina 37 

depressa, Pandora 63 

derjugini, Yoldiella 14 

Dermatomya 65 

deshayesi, Mactra 39 

deshayesii, Tellina 44 

desolationis, Mytilus 18 

destructa, Bankia 62 

devexa, Thracia 64 

dexioptera, Macoma 45 

diaphana, Lyotzsia 63 

diazi, Limopsis 16 

Diberus 21 

dicella, Yoldiella 14 

dichotoma, Strigilla 42 

dicofania, Tindaria 11 

didyma, Cardiomya 66 

diegensis, Adula 21 

diegensis, Limopsis 17 

diegensis, Mytilus 18 

diegensis, Pecten 26 

diegensis, Teredo 62 

diegensis, Thracia 64 

diegoana, Aligena 30 

difjïcilis, Volsella 19 

diffissa, Pandora 63 

digitatus, Pecten 25 

digueti, Barbatia 16 

digueti, Chaîna 36 

digueti, Condylocardia 35 

digueti, Eucrassatella 36 

dilecta, Pholas 60 

Dimya 24 

Dimyacea 24 

Dimyidae 24 

diomedae, Acesta 22 

dionaea, Mysella 32 

diane, Venus 55 

Diplodonta 30 

Diplodontina 31 

Diplothyra 60 

directus, Modiolus 19 

discors, Musculus 20 

discors, Petricola 57 

discors, Venus 53 

discrepans, Chione 52 

discrepans, Modiola 20 

discrepans, Phlycliderma 30 

discrepans, Venus 51 

discus, Periploma 64 

disjuncta, Conchocele 29 

disjuncta, Strigilla 42 

&spar, Venus 52 

dissimilis, Tellina 44 

distans, Artemis 51 

distans, Chione 52 

distinguenda, Codakia 28 

distorta, Saxicava 59 

Divalinga 29 

divaricata, Acila 9 

divaricata, Barbatia 15 

divaricata, Crenella 20 

Divaricellinae 29 

diversa, Astarte 37 

diversa, Tapes 52 

dolabnformis, Mactra 39 

dolichothyra, Pholadidea 61 

dombei, Leporimetis 44 

dotnbei, Venus 52 

dombeii, Tagelus 48 

donacia, Vesicomya 50 

Donacidae 48 

dotzaciformis, Mactra 40 

donacilla, Tellina 42 

donacium, Mesodesma 41 

Donax 48 

Dosinia 51 

dranga, Nuculana 12 

Dreissenacea 49 

Dreissenidae 49 

dryas, Nausitora 62 

dubia, Cymatioa 30 

dubia, Plicatula 24 

dubiosa, Cyathodonta 64 

clubius, Spondylus 27 

duchassaingi, Jouannetia 61 

dulcinea, Cardium 38 

dulcis, Cuspidaria 65 

dunkeri, Dosinia 51 

duodecimcostata, Cardita 35 

duplicata, Cytherea 53 

duplicata, Xylophaga 61 

dura, Cyrena 50 

durhatni, Chione 51 

durhami, Chlamys 25 

eburnea, Divalinga 29 

eburnea, Nuculana 12 

eburnea, Solecardia 31 

eburnea, Tellina 43 

eccentrica, Cytherea 53 

echinata, Chama 35 

Echiturchama 35 

ecostata, Astarte 36 

Ectenagena 50 

ecuabula, Corbula 58 

ecuadoriana, Basterotia 33 

ecuadoriana, Cardiomya 65 

ecuadoriana, Crassinella 36 

ecuadoriana, Crenella 20 

ecuadoriana, Leptomya 46 

ecuadoriana, Protothaca 53 

ecuadoriana, Tellina 43 

ecuadorianus, Donax 48 

ecadoriensis, Gastrochaena 59 

edentula, Cardium 39 

edentula, Siliquaria 47 

edentula, Tellina 44 

edentuloides, Pegophysema 29 

edule, Cardium 39 

edulis, Macoma 45 

edulis, Mulinia 40

edulis, Mytilus 18 

edulis, Ostrea 23 

effeminata, Chione 52 

Egesta 56 

Egeta 50 

egretta, Bornia 31 

eightsii, Yoldia 13 

eiseni, Modiolus 19 

elatum, Laevicardium 38 

electilis, Cymatioa 30 

electra, Yoldia 11 

elegans, Anatina 57 

elegans, Harvella 39 

elegans, Tivela 53 

elegantula, Lyonsia 63 

elegantulum, Damdium 19 

elenense, Laevicardium 38 

elenensis, Corbula 58 

elenensis, Nuculana 12 

elenensis, Phlyctiderma 30 

elenensis, Pitar 54 

elevata, Montacuta 32 

eliminata, Macoma 44 

elliptica, Crassina 36 

elliptica, Lima 16 

elliptica, Semele 46 

ellipticum, Lepton 31 

ellipticus, Irus 55 

Elliptotellina 42 

elongata, Akebiconcha 50 

elongata, Calyptogena 50 

elongata, Donax 49 

elongata, Modiola 19 

elongata, Mya 57 

elongata, Nucula II 

elongata, Tellina 45 

elongatus, Mytilus 18 

Elpidollina 43 

elytrum, Macoma 45 

emarginata, Anadara 16 

empirensis, Acila 9 

Empleconia 16 

endemica, Bathyarca 16 

Endopleura 47 

ensifera, Yoldia 13 

Ensis 41 

Ensitellops 33 

entobapta, Venus 51 

Entodesma 63 

Eontia 16 

epidermis, Mactra 40 

Epilucina 28 

equatorialis, Poromya 65 

erimoensis, Venericardia 34 

Ervilia 41 

ervilia, Strigilla 42 

Erviliinae 41 

Elycina 31 

Erycinidae 31 

Eryciniinae 31 

etythrodon, Corbula 58 

erythronotus, Tellina 42 

erythrocomatus, Pecten 24 

esmeralda, Anadara 15 

esmeralda, Corbula 58 

esmeralda, Tellina 44 

esmeraldensis, Pholadidea 61 

esmeraldensis, Scolimytilus 18 

esquimalti, Astarte 37 

estrellana, Glycymeris 59 

Eucrassatella 36 

eudoxia, Trigotziocardia 38 

Eurhomalea 55 

Ewytellina 43 

eutaenia, Kennerlyia 63 

euterpes, Leptopecten 25 

exalbida, Eurhomalea 55 

exalbida, Mulinia 40 

exarata, Petricola 57 

exaratus, Mytilus 18 

exasperation, Cyamium 33 

excavata, Apolymetis 44 

excavata, Conchocele 29 

excavata, Here 28 

excavata, Leda 12 

excavata, Lima 22 

excavata, Tellina 44 

excavata, Venus 51 

excavatiis, Pecten 27 

excolpa, Nausitora 62 

excurva, Periploma 64 

exigua, Nucula 9 

exilis, Mytilus 18 

exilis, Phaseolicana 49 

eximia, Avicula 21 

eximia, Venus 51 

exinzoensis, Venericardia 34 

exogyra, Pseudochama 36 

exoleta, Mactrellona 40 

exoptata, Adrana 11 

expallescens, Venus 55 

expansa, Macoma 45 

expansa, Nucula 10 

expansa, Ostrea 23 

exquisita, Cyrena 50 

exquisita, Pholadidea 60 

exquisitus, Cyclopecten 26 

exspinata, Diane 55 

extenuata, Nuculana 13 

exulata, Carditella 24 

ezoanus, Pododesmus 28 

.faba, Gaimardia 49 

faba, Media 10 

fabricii, Cardium 39 

.fabricii, Pecten 25 

fabula, Astarte 37 

fakata, Adula 21 

falcata, Pholas 60 

falcata, Spisula 40 

fakatus, Mytilus 18 

falklandica, Lima 22 

fasciculatum, Pseudamussittm 26 

fastigata, Nuculana 12 

.fausta, Lucina 28 

Felaniella 30 

Felicia 17 

felipponei, Nucula 10 

felix, Tellina 42 

femii, Zitfaea 60 

fenestrata, Lucina 28 

fernandensis, Nucula 10 

fernandezensis, Arca 14 

fernandoensis, Cardiunz 38 

,ferrugitiosa, Rochefortia 32 

fïascona, Ledella 11 

fibula, Lucina 28 

fidenas, Anomia 27 

filatovae, Cuspidaria 66 

filatovae, Musculus 20 

filatovae, Tridonta 37 

filitextus, Pecten 24 

filosa, Lucina 29 

filosa, Pandora 63 

fimbriata, Avicula 21 

fimbriata, Cardium 39 

finzbriata, Teredo 62 

fimbriata, Vencrupis 55 

fimbriatula, Bankia 62 

.fiora, Malletia 11 

fischeri, Ostrea 23 

fischerianus, Mytilus 18 

fitchi, Penitella 61 

,flabellata, Lyonsia 63 

flabellatus, Modiolus 19 

Flabellipecten 26 

flabellum, Carditopsis 35 

.flaccida, Saxicava 59 

,flammea, Venericardia 34 

flavescens, Semele 46 

.flavida, Chama 35 

.flexuosa, Tellina 29 

flexuosus, Donax 49 

.floreanensis, Semele 47 

.floridana, Cyrena 50 

.floridana, Teredo 62 

floridus, Pecten 26 

fluctiata, Eucrassatella 36 

fluctifraga, Chione 51 

fluctigera, Tellina 43 

fluctuatus, Pitar 54 

fluctuosa, Liocyma 55 

foliacea, Venerupis 55 

foliatus, Pododesmus 27 

folini, Gastrochaena 59 

folium, Lopha 24 

folium, Ostrea 23 

fonsecana, Mactra 39 

.fontaineanus, Mytilus 20 

• ontaineii, Cyrena 50 

fontaineii, Polymesoda 50 

• Ventricolaria 51 

formosa, Anadara 16 

formosa, Semek 46 

fornicata, Chama 35 

fonzicata, Modiola 19 

.forresterensis, Kennerlyia 63 

fortis, Cyrena 50 

lassa, Nucuclana 12 

Foveadens 63 

fragilis, Corbuk 58 

• Cumingia 46 

fragilis, Cyrena 50 

fragilis, Mactra 39 

fragilis, Martesia 60 

Panopaea 59 

fragilis, Pecten 25 

• ragilis, Periploma 64 

• Silicula 10 

fragilis, Sphaenia 58 

Fraginae 38 

Frenamya 63 

fretalis, Lyonsia 64 

frigida, Saxicara 59 

Tellina 44 

frizzelli, Pitar 55 

frondosa, Chama 35 

frons, Mytilus 24 

fucanum, Clinocardium 39 

fucata, Gari 47 

fucata, Semele 46 

fitcata, Tellina 42 

.fiwicolus, Pecten 25 

fuegiensis, Chione 53 

fuegiensis, Mactra 40 

fuegiensis, Modiolarca 49 

fuegiensis, Thyasira 29 

Fugleria 15 

fidgidus, Mytilus 18 

fimisicola, Martesia 60 

fiisca, Arca 16 

fusca, Botula 19 

fuscolineata, Venus 53 

91

gabbi, Mactra 55 

gabbii, Penitella 61 

gabbii, Zirphaea 61 

Gaimardia 49 

Gaimardiacea 49 

Gaimardiidae 49 

gairensi,s, Crassina 36 

galapagana, Ctena 28 

galapagana, Transennella 54 

galapagensis, Lima 23 

galapagensis, Pecten 26 

galatheae, Kelliella 50 

galera, Cyclinella 56 

Galeommatacea 30 

Galeommatidae 30 

Galeommella 30 

gallus, Ostrea 23 

gardneri, Yoldia 13 

Gari 47 

garretti, Myonera 66 

garthi, Chama 35 

Gastrochaena 59 

Gastrochaenacea 59 

Gastrochaenidae 59 

gaudichaudi, Isognomon 22 

gaudichaudi, Solen 41 

gayi, Tawera 53 

gealeyi, Chione 51 

gelatinosum, Pseudamussium 26 

Gemma 56 

gemma, Gemma 56 

gemma, Modiolarca 49 

gemma, Tellina 43 

gemmatum, Cardium 37 

Gemminae 56 

generosa, Panopaea 59 

germana, Cyrena 50 

Geukensia 19 

gibba, Petricola 57 

gibbosa, Eucrassatella 36 

gibbosa, Leda 12 

gibbosa, Lyonsia 63 

gibbosa, Pholas 61 

gibbosa, Plicatula 24 

gibbosa, Raeta 41 

gibbosula, Chione 51 

gibbosula, Venus 51 

gibbosus, Saxidomus 56 

gibbsii, Katadesmia 13 

gibbsii, Modiola 19 

gigantea, Chlamys 25 

gigantea, Cytherea 51 

gigantea, Glycymeris 17 

gigantea, Panomya 59 

giganteus, Saxidomus 55 

gigas, Calyptogena 50 

gigas, Crassostrea 23 

gigas, Solen 41 

glacialis, Cuspidaria 66 

glacialis, Modiolaria 20 

glacialis, Nucula 13 

glacialis, Pandora 63 

gladiolus, Solen 41 

Glans 35 

globosa, Astarte 37 

globosa, Panope 60 

globosa, Xylophaga 61 

globula, Sphenia 58 

glomeratus, Mytilus 18 

gloriosus, Spondylus 27 

Glossacea 50 

Glycymeridacea 17 

Glycymerididae 17 

Glycymeris 17 

92 

glypta, Corbula 58 

gnidia, Chione 51 

Gobraeus 47 

goldbautni, Crassinella 36 

goliath, Lima 22 

golischi, Rochefortia 32 

gomphoidea, Nuculana 12 

goniata, Mactra 40 

goniocyma, Mactra 39 

goniura, Malletia 10 

gordita, Arca 16 

gouldi, Bankia 62 

Gouldia 51 

gouldii, Angulus 42 

gouldii, Cyclocardia 34 

gouldii, Donax 49 

gouldii, Lyonsia 63 

gouldii, Thyasira 29 

gracilior, Cytherea 53 

gracilior, Lithophagus 21 

gracilis, Amphichaena 48 

gracilis, Donax 49 

gracilis, Petricola 57 

gracilis, Tapes 55 

gracillima, Clementia 56 

gradata, Area 15 

gradata, Barbatia 15 

Grandiarca 15 

grandis, Anadara 15 

grandis, Cumingia 46 

grandis, Dosinia 51 

grandis, Limopsis 17 

grandis, Macoma 45 

grandis, Mactra 40 

grandis, Modiola 20 

grandis, Orobitella 32 

grandis, Pandora 63 

grandis, Sanguinolaria 48 

granifera, Donax 49 

granifera, Trigoniocardia 38 

grand, Pseudochama 36 

granula, Yoldiella 14 

granulata, Pandora 18 

granulata, Venus 63 

granulatus, Brachidontes 53 

grata, Protothaca 53 

grata, Tapes 56 

grata, Venus 51 

graui, Chlamys 24 

graui, Cyclopecten 26 

grayana, Mactra 40 

grayi, Cardites 34 

grayi, Nucula 10 

grebnitzsii, Mysella 32 

Gregariella 20 

gretschischkini, Pandora 63 

grewingkii, Protothaca 52 

grippi, Rochefortia 32 

Grippina 59 

grisea, Crenella 20 

groenlandicus, Serripes 39 

gruneri, Lithodomus 21 

guadalupensis, Glycymeris 17 

guanacastense, Americardia 38 

guanica, Pleuromeris 35 

guatukoensis, Chione 51 

guayacanensis, Panapaea 59 

guaymasensis, Semele 46 

guaymasensis, Solecurtus 48 

guaymasensis, Tellina 42 

gubernaculum, Psammotreta 45 

guilfordiae, Tellina 43 

guyanensis, Mytella 18 

haasi, Cuspidaria 66 

Habepegris 19 

hahni, Modiolarca 49 

Halicardia 65 

halioticola, Trapezium 35 

Haliris 65 

Halistrepta 64 

Halodakra 49 

hamata, Nuculana 13 

hamillus, Anomia 27 

hancocki, Lithophaga 21 

hancocki, Pecten 27 

hancocki, Verticordia 65 

hanleyi, Tellina 48 

hardingii, Lhnopsis 17 

haroldi, Lyonsia 63 

Harvella 39 

hastasia, Lithophaga 21 

hastata, Chlamys 24 

Hatasia 61 

hatcheri, Sphenia 58 

haulthali, Panopaea 59 

hawaiensis, Acar 15 

hawaiensis, S'pondylus 27 

hawaiensis, Teredo 62 

hawaiiensis, Martesia 60 

hawaiiensis, Perna 22 

hayesii, Cardium 39 

haylocki, Crassinella 36 

healdi, Psiloteredo 62 

helblingii, Arca 15 

helenae, Gari 47 

helenae, Lasaea 31 

helenae, Pitar 54 

hemicardium, Area 16 

hemphilli, Limaria 22 

hemphilli, Mya 57 

hemphillii, Spisula 40 

Here 28 

hericius, Pecten 24 

Hertellina 43 

hertleini, Basterotia 33 

hertleini, Ensitellops 33 

hertleini, Pitar 54 

hertleini, Tellina 43 

hesperius, Pitar 55 

hesperus, Macoma 45 

Heteroclidus 63 

Heterodonax 47 

Heterodonta 28 

Heteromacoma 45 

heteroptera, Avicula 21 

Hexacorbula 58 

hians, Donax 53 

hians, Lima 22 

hiantina, Mactra 39 

Hiatella 59 

Hiatellacea 59 

Hiatellidae 59 

hiberna, Tellina 42 

higoohiae, Mytilus 18 

hildensis, Teredo 62 

hindsii, Nuculana 12 

hindsii, Pecten 25 

hindsii, Tivela 53 

Hinnites 25 

hippopus, Condylocardia 35 

hirtella, Limopsis 17 

hispaniolana, Phacoides 28 

histrionica, Venus 53 

hodgsoni, Lima 23 

hoffstetteri, Mactra 39 

hoffstetteri, Pitax 54 

hokkaidoensis, Liocyma 56 

hornelli, Cardium 37

houstonius, Brachidontes 18 

hoylei, Sarepta 10 

Humilaria 52 

humilis, Transennella 54 

hupeana, Maconza 45 

hupeanus, Mytilus 18 

hupei, Neodavisia 33 

Huxleyia 9 

hyadesi, Malletia 10 

hyalina, Lyonsia 63 

Hyalopecten 26 

Hybolophus 36 

hyotis, Hyotissa 23 

Hyotissa 23 

hyperborea, Yoldia 13 

hyphalopilema, Anadara 16 

Hyphantosoma 54 

Hysteroconcha 54 

ida, Pitar 54 

idae, Tellina 44 

ignobilis, Venus 52 

Iliochione 52 

Fugleria 15 

imbrifer, Cyclopecten 26 

imams, Cyamium 49 

imitata, Arca 16 

impar, Nuculana 12 

impolita, Diplodonta 30 

impressa, Modiolaria 20 

impressa, Mienla 13 

inaequalis, Glycymeris 17 

inaequalis, Malletia 10 

inaequistriata, Tellina 43 

inaequivalvis, Arca 15 

inca, Pecten 24 

incantata, Chlamys 24 

incisa, Cyclocardia 34 

incongrua, Semele 46 

incongruus, Cyclopecten 26 

inconspicua, Felaniella 30 

inconspicua, Tellina 44 

inconspiczats, Pitar 54 

incrassatus, Cardita 33 

incurva, Lithophaga 21 

incurvatus, Musculus 20 

indentata, Macoma 45 

indentus, Pecten 25 

indolens, Yoldia 14 

inermis, Chanza 36 

inezana, Plicatula 24 

inezensis, Diplodonta 30 

infelix, Hiata 60 

inferior, Panopaea 59 

inflata, Astarte 36 

inflata, Banda 31 

inflata, Chione 52 

inflata, Corbula 58 

inflata, Crenella 20 

inflata, Cyrena 50 

inflata, Lutraria 40 

inflata, Lyonsia 63 

inflata, Macoma 44 

inflata, Nucula 10 

inflata, Polymesoda 50 

beam, Yoldia 13 

inflatula, Macon:a 45 

itzfrequens, Yoldia 11 

infumatus, Mytilus 18 

inopia, Mya 58 

inornata, Leda 12 

inornata, Macoma 45 

inquinata, Macoma 45 

insculpta, Chlamys 24 

insculpta, Tellina 43 

insignis, Cyrena 50 

insula, Cyrenoida 30 

insula, Phlyctiderma 30 

intensus, Phacoides 29 

intercalata, Martesia 61 

interflucta, Nucula 9 

intermedia, Astarte 36 

intermedia, Cytherea 53 

internzedia, Mya 57 

intermedia, Yoldiella 14 

itztermedius, Pecten 25 

internzedius, Pectunculus 17 

interrogatorium, Laevicardiunz 

interrupta, Cytherea 53 

interrupta, Strigilla 42 

interrupta, Tellina 42 

intersecta, Venus 53 

intusgranosa, Mesopholas 60 

intuspurpurea, Siliqua 41 

lphigenia 49 

iphigenia, Nucula 9 

ira, Corbula 58 

iridescens, Cyamium 33 

iridescens, Ostrea 24 

irregularis, Tagelus 48 

Irus 55 

irus, Tellina 45 

Irusella 51 

Ischadium 18 

islandica, Chlamys 24 

islatzdica, Venus 39 

islandicum, Cardium 39 

isocardia, Ventricolaria 51 

isocardioides, Cyrena 50 

Isognomon 21 

Isognomonidae 21 

isolirata, Cardiomya 66 

Isorobitella 32 

isthmica, Mactra 39 

lxartia 64 

jacobaea, Ostrea 23 

jadisi, Cyclinella 56 

jamaniana, Chione 51 

jamesi, Bankia 62 

janellii, Pholas 60 

janus, Isognomon 22 

Janus, Pseudochama 36 

japonica, Mya 57 

japonica, Netastoma 61 

japonica, Panope 59 

japonica, Tapes 56 

japonica, Teredo 62 

japonicunz, Trapezium 49 

jaxamija, Senzele 46 

jeffreysi, Pecten 25 

jipijapa, Orobitella 32 

bannis, Phacoides 29 

johnsoni, Acharax 9 

jonasi, Mactra 40 

jordani, Chlamys 25 

joseana, Polymesoda 50 

Jottannetia 61 

Jouannetiinae 61 

jousseautni, Felicia 17 

jousseaumi, Mactra 40 

jovis, Semele 46 

juarezi, Litttopsis 17 

Juliacorbula 58 

junonia, Semele 46 

Jupiteria 12 

Kalayoldia 13 

kamakurensis, Penitella 61 

kamtschatica, Cardita 34 

kamtschatica, Cryptotnya 58 

kamtschaticus, Mytilus 

kanztschaticus, Serripes 

kanashatica, Nuculana 

Katadesmia 13 

kazusensis, Psanzmobia 

keenae, Glycymeris 17 

keenae, Protothaca 53 

Keenaea 38 

kellettii, Chione 

Kellia 31 

Kelliella 49 

Kelliellidae 49 

39 Keliidae 30 

Kelliinae 30 

52 

18 

39 

12 

47 

kelseyi, Corbula 59 

kelseyi, Lithophaga 21 

kelseyi, Macoma 45 

kelseyi, Milneria 35 

kennerleyi, Humilaria 52 

kennerlyi, Saturnia 11 

kennicottii, Mercenaria 52 

kerguelensis,.Mytilus 18 

Kidderia 49 

kihneri, Calyptogena 50 

kincaidi, Pecten 25 

kindermanni, Amphichaena 48 

kingi, Lutraria 41 

Kingiella 33 

kissyuetzsis, Schizothaerus 40 

knudseni, Cyclopecten 26 

kolthoffi, Malletia 11 

korolevae, Spisula 40 

krausei, Maconza 45 

kroeyeri, Cyclinella 56 

kuaiensis, Spondylus 27 

kuluntunensis, Yoldia 13 

kurilensis, Modiolus 19 

kurriana, Cyrtodaria 59 

kussakini, Mytilus 18 

labiata, Arca 15 

labiosa, Anadara 16 

Labis 21 

laceridens, Tellina 43 

laciniata, Mactra 40 

laciniata, Protothaca 52 

Laciolina 43 

lactea, Astarte 37 

lactea, Tellimya 31 

Laericardiinae 38 

Laevicardium 38 

laevigata, Donax 49 

laevigata, Modiola 20 

laevigatus, Donax 49 

laeviradius, Leda 12 

laevis, Modiolaria 20 

laevis, Semele 46 

laevis, Tryphomyax 30 

lagartillum, Periploma 64 

lama, Macoma 44 

lamarckii, Pecten 27 

lamarkii, Donax 48 

lamellata, Diplodonta 29 

lamellata, Tellina 46 

Lamellibranchiata 9 

Lamelliconcha 55 

lanzellifera, Irusella 52 

lamellifera, Venus 51 

Lamellinucula 9 

lamellosa, Barnea 60 

lamellosa, Cumingia 46 

lamellosa, Leda 12 

lanzinata, Tellina 42 

lampe, Anomia 27 

lampra, Lucina 28 

93

lamproleuca, Macoma 45 

lanceolata, Mesodesnza 41 

lanceolata, Nucula 13 

lanceolata, Nuculana 11 

lanceolata, Pinna 22 

lanieri, Cardiomya 66 

laperousii, Chironia 31 

laperousii, Ostrea 23 

laperousii, Serripes 39 

laplata, Tellina 43 

laqueata, Amnia 27 

laqueata, Pholas 60 

laqueatus, Pecten 26 

larbas, Anotnia 27 

Larkinia 15 

larkittii, Arca 15 

laronus, Crasstellites 36 

Lasaea 31 

Lasaeidae 31 

Lasaeinae 31 

lasperlensis, Calloarca 15 

lata, Gari 47 

lata, Mya 57 

lata, Tellina 44 

lateralis, Mulinia 40 

Laternula 65 

Laternulidae 65 

latiaurat us, Leptopecten 25 

laticaudata, Ostrea 23 

laticostata, Cardites 34 

laticostata, Crenella 20 

laticostatum, Cardium 38 

latissimus, Mytilus 18 

latus, Mytilus 18 

latus, Saxidomus 55 

laurentiana, Astarte 37 

laxunz, Cardium 38 

laysana, Acar 15 

leana, Crenella 20 

leana, Periploma 64 

lebruni, Saxicava 59 

lecannelieri, Modiolarca 49 

lecontei, Gnathodon 40 

Ledella 11 

lediforme, Lepton 31 

lediformis, Lepton 31 

leffingwelli, Astarte 37 

legumen, Ostrea 22 

legumen, Saxicava 59 

leionucula 9 

Leiosolenus 21 

lenticula, Tellina 42 

lenticula, Yoldiella 14 

lenticulare, Periploma 64 

lenticularis, Eurhomalea 55 

lenticularis, Semele 46 

leonilda, Yoldiella 14 

leonina, Nuculana 13 

leonina, Poromya 65 

lenis, Pitar 55 

lephayi, Modiolarca 49 

lepida, Cytherea 55 

lepidoformis, Tryphomyax 30 

lepidoglypta Ventricolaria 51 

Leporimetis 44 

lepta, Vesicomya 50 

Leptomya 46 

Lepton 31 

Leptonidae 31 

leptonoidea, Macoma 45 

Leptopecten 25 

lessoni, Tivela 53 

leucacantha, Spondylus 27 

leucocymoides, Lucina 29 

94 

leucodon, Venus 51 

leucogonia, Tellina 43 

leucophaeata, Mytilopsis 49 

Leukoma 53 

levicardo, Mactra 40 

levis, Pecten 27 

liana, Phacoides 28 

liana, Tellina 43 

libella, Avicula 21 

lieberkindi, Teredo 62 

ligamentina, Tellina 45 

ligula, Chione 55 

lin guaeformis, Perna 22 

lilacina, Psamtnobia 47 

lilacina, Venus 52 

Lima 22 

lima, Tellina 43 

Limacea 22 

Limaria 22 

limata, Leda 13 

Limatula 22 

limatula, Anomia 27 

limatuloides, Yoldia 13 

limbatus, Spondylus 27 

limicola Laternula 65 

Limidae 22 

limita, Astarte 37 

Limoida 22 

Limopsacea 16 

Limopsidae 16 

Limopsis 16 

lineata, Labiosa 40 

lineata, Tivela 53 

lineatus, Solecurtus 48 

linguaefelis, Spondylus 27 

linguaeformis, Perna 22 

linguafelis, Rupellaria 57 

lingualis, Lucina 28 

linki, Nucula 10 

lintea, Glycymeris 17 

Linucula 10 

Lioberus 19 

Liocyma 55 

liogona, Nuculana 12 

liotricha, Macoma 45 

lipara, Macoma 44 

liratum, Trapezium 49 

liriope, Cyclopecten 26 

Lirophora 52 

lisckei, Anomia 27 

lishkei, Chlamys 25 

Lissarca 17 

lister, Atrina 22 

Lit harca 15 

lithodomus, Litharca 15 

litho idea, Venus 55 

Lithophaga 21 

Lithophaginae 21 

lobula, Saturnia 11 

lomaensis, Nuculana 12 

longini, Cardita 34 

longirostra, Astarte 37 

longiscula, Ostrea 23 

longisinuata, Macoma 44 

longispina, Callista 55 

longistinuatus, Tagelus 48 

Lopha 24 

Lophinae 24 

Lophocardium 38 

lordi, Psephidia 56 

loshka, Nuculana 13 

lotensis, Mactra 40 

loveni, Macoma 45 

lowei, Chlamys 25 

loxia, Astarte 37 

lubrica, Amiantis 54 

lubrica, Theora 47 

lucasana, Cyathodonta 64 

lucasana, Divaricella 29 

lucasana, Petricoia 57 

lucasana, Saturnia II 

lucasanum, Entodesma 63 

lucasiana, Ostrea 24 

lucida, Nucula 10 

lucida, Siliqua 41 

Lucina 28 

Lucinacea 28 

Lucinidae 28 

Lucininae 28 

Lucinisca 28 

lucinoides, Cardium 38 

Lucinoma 29 

lugubris, Leda 11 

Lunarca 16 

lunaris, Pecten 26 

lunulata, Astarte 36 

lupanaria, Pitar 55 

lurida, Barbatia 14 

lurida, Ostrea 23 

lusoria, Meretrix 53 

lutea, Cytherea 54 

lutea, Tellina 43 

luteobrunnea, Cytherea 53 

luteola, Corbula 58 

luteolabrum, Cardium 58 

luticola, Bornia 31 

luticola, Sphenia 58 

luticola, Ungulina 57 

Lutraniinae 40 

lyallii, Nucula 9 

Lyonsia 63 

Lyonsiella 65 

Lyonsiidae 63 

lyra, Tellina 43 

lyrata, Nucula 12 

Lyratellina 43 

lyrica, Tellina 43 

Lyrodus 61 

Lyropecten 25 

mabilleana, Limopsis 17 

mabillei, Mysella 32 

Macalia 44 

macdonaldi, Corbula 58 

macgintyi, Protothaca 53 

macha, Ensis 41 

Machaerodonax 48 

macilenta, Artemis 56 

macneilii, Tellina 42 

Macoma 44 

Macominae 44 

Macoploma 45 

macrochisma, Pododesmus 28 

macrodon, Lasaea 31 

macrostoma, Pholas 60 

Mactra 39 

Mactracea 39 

mactracea, Venus 51 

Mactrellona 39 

Mactridae 39 

Mactrinae 39 

Mactrinula 39 

Mactroderma 39 

mactroides, Cytherea 53 

mactroides, Trigona 53 

mactroides, Poromya 65 

Mactromeris 40 

macrostoma, Pholas 60 

Mactrotoma 39

oxia, Nuculana 12 

Pachydesma 53 

pacifica, Arca 14 

pacifica, Calyptogena 50 

pacifica, Chanza 35 

pacifica, Crassinella 36 

pacifica, Cumingia 46 

pacifica, Diplodonta 30 

pacifica, Ensitellops 33 

pacifica, Harvella 39 

pacifica, Lyonsia 65 

pacifica, MaUeda 10 

pacifica, Pholas 60 

pacifica, Promantellum 23 

pacifica, Saxicavella 60 

pacifica, Semele 46 

pacifica, Tellina 42 

pacifica, Vulsella 22 

pacificensis, Sphaenia 58 

pacificum, Dacrydium 19 

pacificus, Heterodonax 47 

pacificus, Modiolus 20 

pacilus, Mantic: 27 

Pacipecten 25 

pacis, Macoma 46 

paeteliana, Cardita 34 

paitensis, Mactra 39 

pajaroana, Venus 40 

Palaeotaxodontia 9 

pallida, Carditella 34 

pallida, Mulinia 40 

pallida, Semele 47 

pallidulum, Amygdalum 19 

palliopunctatus, Choromytilus 18 

palmed, Abra 46 

palmeri, Leptopecten 25 

palmula, Crassostrea 23 

palmulata, Teredo 61 

pampeana, Chime 53 

panamense, Trachycardium 38 

panamensis, Adula 21 

pananzensis, Arca 15 

panamensis, Bushia 64 

panamensis, Calyptogena 50 

panametzsis, Condylocardia 35 

panamensis, Cooperella 56 

panamensis, Cuspidaria 66 

panamensis, Cyrena 50 

panamensis, Cyrenoida 30 

panamensis, Dacrydium 19 

panamensis, Donax 49 

panamensis, Gari 47 

panamensis, Limopsis 17 

panamensis, Lyonsia 64 

pananzensis, Macoma 45 

panamensis, Malleus 22 

panamensis, Microcardium 38 

panamensis, Ostrea 23 

patramensis, Pandora ,63 

panamensis, Pecten 26 

panamensis, Placunanomia 28 

panamensis, Pseudochama 36 

panamensis, Sanguinolaria 43 

panamensis, Solemya 9 

panamensis, Strigilla 42 

panarnensis, Tellitza 42 

panamensis, Tindaria 11 

panamensis, Uperotus 62 

panamensis, Xylophaga 61 

panamensis, Yoldia 14 

Panamicorbula 58 

panamina, Nucula 10 

Pandora 62 

Pandoracea 62 

Pandorella 63 

Pandoridae 62 

pannosa, Transennella 54 

Panomya 59 

Panope 59 

papuana, Modiola 20 

papyracea, Bornia 31 

papyracea, Chlamys 26 

papyracea, Periploma 64 

Papyridea 37 

Paradonax 49 

parallela, Petricola 57 

Parapholas 60 

parapodema, Cuspidaria 66 

parasitica, Charm 35 

parasiticunz, Neodavisia 33 

parcipictus, Pectunculus 17 

parilis, Felaniella 30 

parkeri, Cuspidaria 66 

parthenopa, Macoma 45 

Particoma 60 

parva, Lyonsiella 65 

parva, Penitella 61 

parva, Pholas 60 

Parvamussium 27 

Parvilucina 28 

parvulum, Carditella 34 

parvulunz, Cardium 38 

patagonica, Acesta 22 

patagonica, Chlamys 25 

patagonica, Cuspidaria 66 

patagonica, Cytherea 54 

patagotrica, Kennerlyia 63 

patagonica, Lithophaga 21 

patagonica, Malletia 10 

patagonica, Nuculana 13 

patagonica, Silicula 10 

patagonicus, Modiolus 20 

patagonicus, Mytilus 20 

patelliformis, Anomia 28 

paternalis, Mya 57 

patheonensis, Arca 15 

Patinopecten 27 

Patinopecteninae 27 

patriae, Chlamys 25 

patula, Siliqua 41 

paucicostata, Cardita 34 

paucicostatus, Pecten 25 

pauciradiata, Cytherea 53 

paupercula, Venerupis 55 

paytensis, Dortax 49 

paytensis, Nucula 9 

paytensis, Pitar 55 

pazensis, Solen 41 

paziana, Semele 47 

paziana, Tellina 42 

paxianum, Microcardium 38 

peabodyi, Chime 51 

pealeii, Pecten 24 

peasii, Tellitza 43 

Pecten 26 

Pectininae 24 

Pectinacea 24 

pectinata, Arca 17 

pectinata, Cardiomya 66 

pectinata, Jouannetia 61 

pectinata, Lucina 28 

Pectinidae 24, 

Pectininae 26 

pectitzoides, Pectunculus 17 

pectorina, Venus 53 

pectunculoides, Venus 52 

pedernalense, Laevicardium 38 

pedicellatus, Lyrodus 62 

pedroana, Callista 56 

pedroana, Cyathodotzta 64 

pedroana, Mysella 32 

pedroana, Saxicava 57 

pedroana, Tellina 42 

pedroanus, Mytilus 18 

Pegmapex 30 

Pegophysema 29 

pelagica, Limopsis 16 

Pelecypoda 9 

pellucida, Anatitta 40 

pellucida, Chama 35 

penascoensis, Adrana 11 

pencana, Mactra 40 

penderi, Nuculana 12 

penicillata, Plicatula 24 

peninsulare, Anisodonta 33 

peninsularis, Basterotia 33 

penita, Penitella 61 

Penitella 61 

pentadactylus, Periploma 65 

Peplum 26 

perdis, Venus 51 

perfragilis, Pitar 54 

perieri, Limopsis 17 

Periglypta 51 

Periploma 64 

Periplomatidae 64 

perla, Poroya 65 

perlabiata, Anadara 15 

Perna 18 

peina, Perna 18 

pernoides, Arca 14 

pernomus, Cyclopecten 26 

pernula, Nuculana 12 

pernuloides, Leda 12 

Peronidia 43 

perparvula, Divalinga 29 

perplicata, Halicardia 65 

Perrierinidae 33 

persei, Portlatzdia 14 

pertincta, Protothaca 53 

peruanus, Tagelus 48 

perulus, Pecten 27 

peruviana, Anomia 27 

peruviana, Avicula 21 

peruviana, Chione 52 

pertiviatta, Cyathodotzta 64 

peruviana, Cyrena 50 

peruviana, Galeommella 30 

peruviana, Lithophaga 21 

peruviana, Malletia 10 

peruviarza, Nuculana I 2 

peruviana, Orobitella 33 

peruviana, Petricola 57 

peruviana, Venerupis 57 

peruvianus, Donax 48 

peruvianus, Tagelus 48 

petallina, Donax 48 

petalum, Tellina 44 

petechialis, Cytherea 53 

petiti, Mactra 40 

petitiana, Lasaea 31 

petittii, Venermis 52 

Petrasma 9 

Petricola 56 

Petricolaria 57 

Petricolidae 56 

petriola, Nucula 9 

pfeifferi, Solen 41 

phalara, Chlamys 25 

Phaseolus 10 

pherzax, Musculus 21 

phenaxia, Nuculana 12 

97

philippii, Actinobolus 34 

philippii, Diplodonta 30 

philippinarum, Tapes 56 

Philobrya 16 

Philobryidae 16 

Phlogocardia 38 

Phlycticoncha 63 

Phlyctiderma 30 

phoebe, Phlyctiderma 30 

Pholadacea 60 

Pholadidae 61 

pholadiclea, Hatasia 61 

pholadidea, Sphaenia 58 

pholadiformis, Aarca 15 

pholadiformis, Petricola 57 

Pholadina 60 

Pholadinae 60 

pholadis, Hiatella 59 

Pholadomyoida 62 

Pholadopsis 61 

Pholas 60 

Phyllodella 43 

Phyllodina 43 

picoensis, Pecten 25 

pieta, Chione 52 

pieta, Lyonsia 63 

pictorum, Spondylus 27 

pictum, Entodesma 63 

picturata, Modiolarca 49 

pigafettae, Nucula 10 

pilosus, Mytilus 18 

pilsbryii, Zirfaea 60 

Semele 47 

pinacatenis, Venus 52 

pinchoti, Codakia 28 

Pinctada 21 

Pinna 22 

Pinnacea 22 

Pinnidae 22 

Pinnina 22 

piscium, Cyamium 33 

pisiformis, Tellina 42 

Pisostrigilla 42 

pisum, Aligena 31 

pisum, Lucina 29 

pisum, Nucula 10 

Pitar 54 

Pitarella 55 

Pitarinae 54 

pittieri, Pecten 25 

placenta, Astarte 37 

Placopecten 25 

Placunanomia 28 

Placunidae 28 

plajkeri, Chlamys 24 

plana, Astarte 37 

planata, Modiola 18 

planata, Mysella 32 

planata, Semele 47 

planetica, Cardiomya 66 

planicostatum, Cardium 38 

Planitivella 53 

planiuscula, Macoma 44 

planiusculum, Periploma 64 

planulata, Cytherea 53 

planulata, Spisula 40 

planulata, Tellina 43 

planulata, Tivela 53 

platei, Arca 15 

Erycina 31 

Platomysia 32 

Platyodon 57 

playasensis, Brachidontes 18 

plebiae, Psammotreta 45 

98 

Plectodon 66 

plena, Yoldia 13 

Pleurolucina 29 

Pleuromeris 35 

Plicacesta 22 

plicata, Arca 15 

plicata, Thracia 64 

Plicatula 24 

plicatula, Modiola 19 

Plicatulacea 24 

Plicatulidae 24 

plumescens, Modiolus 19 

plumula, Lithophaga 21 

Plumulella 62 

Pododesmus 27 

poirieri, Solen 41 

polaris, Astarte 36 

Policordia 65 

polita, Modiola 19 

polita, Nuculana 12 

Politoleda 12 

politer, Tagelus 48 

pollicaris, Pitar 54 

polychroma, Corbula 58 

polyleptus, Cyclopecten 26 

Polymesoda 50 

polynyma, Mactromeris 40 

pomatia, Pecten 24 

pompholyx, Arca 16 

ponderosa, Dosinia 51 

ponderosa, Mactra 40 

pontonia, Nuculana 12 

porcella, Corbula 58 

Poromoida 65 

Poromya 65 

Poromyacea 65 

portesiana, Venus 51 

Portlandia 13 

posjetica, Ostrea 23 

poulsoni, Hinnita 25 

praecisa, Mya 57 

praefluctuosa, Gomphina 56 

prelamellifer, Irus 52 

priapus, Mya 59 

princeps, Spondylus 27 

princeps, Tellina 44 

prismatica, Striostrea 24 

Pristes 33 

pristiphora, Tellina 43 

pristipleura, Acrosterigma 37 

procella, Ostrea 23 

procera, Cardita 34 

procerum, Trachycardium 38 

proclivis, Tellina 43 

producta, Chama 35 

producta, Cyclinella 56 

producta, Ervilia 41 

profunda, Glycymeris 17 

profundior, Mya 57 

profundorum, Abra 46 

profundorum, Nucula 9 

prolata, Yoldiella 14 

prolongata, Lucina 28 

prolongatus, Miodontiscus 35 

Promantellum 23 

Propeamussidae 27 

Propeamussium 27 

Propeamussinae 27 

prora, Dione 54 

prora, Tellina 43 

Protocardiinae 38 

Protothaca 52 

protractus, Musculus 20 

protractus, Serripes 39 

proxima, Tellina 44 

proximum, Amphiderma 46 

producta, Scrobicularia 44 

Psammacoma 45 

Psammobildae 47 

Psammobiinae 47 

Psammotella 48 

Psammotreta 45 

Psephidia 56 

Pseudamussium 26 

pseudislandica, Chlatnys 24 

pseudoactis, Astarte 37 

pseudoarenaria, Mya 57 

Pseudochama 36 

pseudofossile, Cardium 39 

pseudotulipus, Modiolus 19 

pseutes, Cardiomya 66 

Psiloteredo 62 

Pteria 21 

Pteriacea 21 

Pterlidae 21 

Pteriina 21 

Pterimorphia 14 

Pterioida 21 

pteroessa, Bathyarca 16 

Pteropsellinae 40 

pubescens, Cardium 39 

puelcha, Nucula 10 

puelchana, Ostrea 24 

puella, Tellina 42 

paella, Transennella 54 

puellula, Tellina 42 

pugetensis, Lyonsia 63 

pugetensis, Pecten 24 

pulchella, Astarte 37 

pulchella, Martesia 60 

pulcherrima, Triomphalia 61 

pulchra, Cymatioa 30 

pukhra, Semele 47 

pulicaria, Chione 52 

pulla, Mactra 53 

pullastra, Cyrena 50 

pumila, Tellina 43 

punctata, Amphidesma 30 

punctata, Codakia 28 

punctata, Pandora 63 

punctata, Venus 28 

punctatostriatus, Donax 48 

punctatum, Amphidesma 46 

punicea, Tellina 43 

puntarensis, Brachidontes 18 

puntarensis, Pododesmus 27 

pura, Diane 55 

pura, Psammotreta 45 

purpurascens, Amphidesma 47 

purpurascens, Chama 35 

purpurascens, Saxicava 59 

purpurata, Tapes 55 

purpuratus, Argopecten 24 

purpuratus, Brachidontes 18 

purpurea, Cyrena 56 

purpurea, Sanguinolaria 48 

purpurea, Tellina 44 

purpureochocolata, Cytherea 53 

purpureus, Heterodonax 48 

purpurissata, Chione 52 

pustilla, Barbatia 15 

pusilla, Kideria 49 

pusilla, Melina 22 

pustulosa, Corbula 58 

pygmaea, Cardium 34 

pygmaea, Limatula 22 

pygmaeus, Musculus 20 

pyriformis, Leda 12

maculata, Chama 35 

maculata, Glycymeris 17 

maculation, Cardium 37 

maculosunz, Cardium 37 

maga, Strigilla 42 

magdalenae, Ventricolaria 51 

pnagellanica, Astarte 37 

magellanica, Avicula 16 

magellanica, Barbatia 15 

magellanica, Kellia 31 

magellanica, Mactra 55 

magellanica, Malletia 1 0 

magellanica, Modiola 20 

magellanica, Phaseolicana 49 

magellanica, Thyasira 29 

magellanicus, Mytilus 17 

magellanicus, Pecten 25 

magellanicus, Placopecten 25 

magna, Cryptomya 58 

magna, Noetia 16 

magnifica, Calyptogena 50 

magnifica, Lyonsiella 65 

magnifica, Thracia 64 

magtzificum, Cardium 38 

magnificus, Lyropecten 25 

major, Yoldiella 14 

malespinae, Poromya 65 

Malleidae 10 

MaBella 1 0 

Malletiella 10 

Malletlidae 10 

Maliens 22 

malpelonium, Propeamussium 27 

nzalvinae, Cardita 35 

Malvufundus 22 

nzanabiensis, Eucrassinella 36 

tnancorensis, Donax 48 

mantaensis, Papyridea 38 

mantaensis, Tellina 43 

mantana, Yoldiella 14 

nzarcida, Mactra 40 

marella, Nuculana 12 

margarita, Bernardina 49 

margarita, Merisca 43 

margarita, Orobitella 32 

margarita, Semele 47 

nouwaritacea, Mytilus 18 

margaritiferus, Mytilus 21 

marginata, Crassatella 36 

nzarginata, Tivela 53 

mariae, Chione 52 

marionensis, Limopsis 17 

maritima, Cyrena 50 

marmorata, Corbula 58 

marmoratus, Modiolus 20 

martensi, Bankia 62 

Martesia 60 

Martesiinae 60 

martian, Limea 22 

marfiana, Saturnia 11 

martyria, Yoldia 14 

tnatitubensis, Cardita 34 

maura, Atrina 22 

maxima, Gari 47 

maxima, Lutraria 40 

maxima, Raeta 39 

maxima, Venus 55 

tnaximus, Solen 41 

mazallanica, Arca 15 

mazatlanica, Lucina 29 

mazatlanica, Pinctada 21 

mazatlanica, Psammotreta 45 

media, Leda 12 

media, Lissarca 17 

medians, Arcopagia 44 

medioamericana, Macoma 45 

medioanzericana, Semele 46 

medius, Solen 41 

Megacrenella 20 

Megangulus 43 

Megapitaxia 54 

megastropha, Strophocardia 34 

Megayoldia 14 

megodon, Agerostrea 23 

melanoderma, Area 16 

melanura, Pholadidea 61 

mendica, Rangia 40 

mercedensis, Spisula 40 

Mercenaria 52 

mercenaria, Mercenaria 52 

nzercenaria, Mya 57 

Meretricinae 55 

Meretrix 53 

meridionale, Propeamussium 27 

nzeridionalis, Chione 51 

meridionalis, Miodotztiscus 35 

meridionalis, Polymesoda 50 

meridionalis, Saxicara 59 

Merisca 43 

meroeum, Platoznysia 32 

meropsis, Tellina 42 

mesembrina, Modiolarca 49 

Mesodesma 41 

Mesodesmatidae 41 

Mesodesmatinae 41 

Mesopleura 48 

metodon, Protothaca 53 

mexicana, Bankia 62 

mexicana, Chama 35 

mexicana, Crassinella 36 

mexicana, Ctena 28 

mexicana, Myonera 66 

mexicana, Polymesoda 50 

mexicana, Tindaria 11 

mexicana, Xylophaga 61 

mexicanus, Pitar 55 

mexicanus, Solen 41 

mexicanus, Tryphomyax 30 

Mexicardia 38 

michelini, Cardita 34 

Microcardium 38 

Micromactra 39 

middendorffi, Macoma 45 

migueliana, Glycymeris 17 

miliaris, Lasaea 31 

miliaris, Lissarca 17 

Milneria 35 

Miltha 29 

Milthinae 29 

mimus, Spondylus 27 

mitziata, Tellina 48 

minima, Milneria 35 

nzinor, Ensis 41 

minor, Pectunculus 17 

Minormalletia 10 

minuscula, Glans 35 

mitutscula, Pholadidea 60 

minuta, Kidderia 49 

minuta, Nuculana 12 

minuta, Turtonia 56 

minutia, Solen 59 

minutia, Venus 56 

Miodontiscus 35 

mirabilis, Astarte 37 

mirabilis, Nucula 9 

mirabilis, Petricola 57 

miraflora, Teredo 62 

miser, Pecten 26 

modesta, Mulinia 40 

modesta, Tellina 42 

modesta, Transennella 54 

lizodestunz, Cardium 38 

modiolifornze, Dacrydium 19 

Modiolinae 19 

modiolus, Modiolus 19 

Modiolus 19 

Moerella 43 

moesta, Macoma 45 

molinae, Mysella 32 

mollis, Saxicava 59 

mompichensis, Tellina 44 

Monia 27 

monoperta, Hiatella 59 

monotimeris, Pecten 25 

Montacuta 32 

Montacutidae 32 

Montacutona 32 

montagui, Tridonta 37 

montereyensis, Cardita 34 

montereyensis, Yoldia 14 

inotztereyi, Senzele 46 

montezuma, Chione 52 

nzontmarensis, Montacutona 32 

mori, Acesta 22 

nzorroensis, Macoma 45 

morsel, Teredo 62 

morsel, Venericardia 34 

mortoni, Venus 55 

moulinsii, Cunzingia 46 

Mulinia 40 

multicostata, Anadara 15 

multicostata, Astarte 37 

multicostata, Crassina 37 

multicostata, Glycymeris 17 

multicostata, Periglypta 51 

multidentata, Yoldia 14 

multifonnis, Mytiltis 18 

multiradiata, Cytherea 53 

multirugosus, Pecten 25 

multispinosus, Pitar 55 

multistriata, Ostrea 23 

inundulus, Venus 52 

munita, Hurleyia 9 

muricata, Tellina 28 

murrayi, Cuspidaria 66 

muscaria, Venus 53 

Musculista 20 

Muscuffis 20 

mutabilis, Arca 14 

nuttabilis, Modiola 18 

mutica, Cumingia 46 

Mya 57 

Myacea 57 

Myidae 57 

Myina 57 

Myinae 57 

myaciformis, Pseudopythina 32 

malls, Yoldia 13 

Myoforceps 21 

Myoida 57 

myoides, Cryptodonta 57 

Myonera 66 

myopsis, Thracia 64 

myrae, Ensis 41 

myrae, Halistrepta 64 

Myrteinae 29 

Mysella 32 

Mysellinae 32 

Mytella 18 

Mytilacea 17 

Mytilidae 17 

Mytilimeria 64 

95

Mytilinae 17 

Mytiloida 17 

Mytilopsis 49 

Mytilus 18 

naceli, Xyloredo 61 

'tan, Cuspidaria 58 

nana, Pholas 60 

nanus, Artemis 51 

nasuta, Corbula 58 

nasuta, Macoma 45 

nasuta, Mactra 39 

nasuta, Tellina 44 

natans, Semipallium 25 

Nausitora 62 

navalis, Teredo 62 

navarchus, Pecten 25 

navicula, Donax 49 

navicula, Lyonsia 63 

naviformis, Carditella 34 

navisa, Nuculana 13 

Neaeromya 32 

neglecta, Venus 51 

neglectus, Modiolus 20 

negritensis, Mysella 32 

Nemocardium 38 

Neobankia 62 

neoceanus, Hyalopecten 26 

Neocyrena 50 

Neodavisia 33 

Neoleptonidae 33 

nesiotes, Lyonsia 64 

Netastoma 61 

newcombei, Pododestnus 28 

newcombianus, Circe 54 

newcombii, Navea 61 

newsomi, Pecten 24 

nexa, Modiola 20 

nicaraguana, Polymesoda 50 

nicoyana, Tellina 43 

niger, Musculus 20 

nigromarginata, Gaimardia 49 

nipponensis, Anomia 27 

nipponica, Macoma 44 

nipponica, Thyasira 29 

nipponicum, Trapezium 49 

nitens, Lucina 30 

nitens, Modiolus 20 

Wiens, Mytilus 18 

nitidissima, Siliquaria 48 

nitidula, Cyrena 50 

nitidula, Cytherea 53 

nitidum, Osteodesma 63 

nitidus, Ensis 41 

nivea, Arca 15 

niveus, Mytilus 57 

nobilis, Cytherea 54 

Nodipecten 25 

nodulosa, Cardita 33 

nodulosa, Venericardia 34 

noetni, Cypricardia 57 

Noetia 16 

Noetiidae 16 

Noetiinae 16 

nomensis, Cardita 34 

nonuranus, Modiolus 19 

nordi, Bankia 62 

normalis, Mytilus 18 

normalis, Tellina 44 

norrissii, Solenella 10 

norvegica, Mya 59 

norvegica, Panopaea 59 

norvegica, Yoldia 13 

notabile, Cardium 39 

notabilis, Polymesoda 50 

96 

Notochione 53 

nova, Barbatia 15 

novangliae, Actinobolus 34 

tzovemcostatus, Hippagus 65 

nucea, Aligena 31 

nucicola Mesopholas 60 

nuciformis, Corbula 58 

Nucinella 9 

Nucinellacea 9 

Nucinellidae 9 

nucleator, Bathyarca 16 

Nucula 9 

nucula, Tivela 53 

Nuculacea 9 

Nuculana i l 

Nuculanacea 10 

Nuculanidae 11 

Nuculidae 9 

nuculiformis, Crassinella 36 

Nuculoida 9 

nuculoides, Ctenoconcha 10 

nuculoides, Semelina 47 

nuculoides, Tellina 42 

Nuculopsis 9 

nuttalli, Lucina 28 

nuttalli, Mytilimeria 64 

nuttalli, Vulsella 22 

Nuttallia 48 

nuttallii, Clinocardium 39 

nuttallii, Nuttallia 48 

tzuttallii, Solecurtus 41 

nuttallii, Tresus 40 

nux, Anadara 15 

obesa, Anadara 15 

obesa, Corbula 58 

obesa, Leporimetis 44 

obesa, Neaera 66 

obessus, Mytilus 18 

obesulus, Donax 48 

obesus, Donax 48 

obesus, Musculus 20 

obliqua, Clementia 56 

obliqua, Crassina 37 

obliqua, Felaniella 30 

obliqua, Macoma 45 

obliqua, Nucula 10 

obliqua, Orobitella 32 

obliqua, Solecardia 31 

obliquata, Venus 54 

obliquus, Solen 41 

obliterata, Chione 52 

oblonga, Astarte 36 

oblonga, Nucula 12 

oblonga, Orobitella 32 

oblonga, Petricola 55 

oblongus, Mytilus 18 

oblongus, Pristes 33 

obovalis, Trigiocardia 38 

observa, Lazaria 34 

obsoleta, Nucula 12 

obsoletus, Septifer 19 

obtusa, Bornia 31 

obtusa, Periploma 64 

obtusata, Xylophaga 61 

obtusus, Angulus 42 

obvolutus, Maliens 22 

occidentale, Dacrydium 19 

occidentalis, Cymatoica 44 

occidentalis, Solemya 9 

occidentalis, Turtonia 56 

oceanica, Spinula 13 

ochotica, Thyasira 29 

ochotensis, Serripes 39 

ochracea, Cytherea 53 

ochracea, Lucina 28 

ochracea, Ostrea 23 

ochracea, Tellina 43 

odhneri, Bankia 62 

Odontogena 31 

oerstedii, Solen 41 

okutani, Cardiomya 66 

oldroydi, Cardiomya 66 

oldroydii, Atrina 22 

oleacina, Yoldia 13 

olivacea, Cyrena 50 

olivaceus, Musculus 20 

olssoni, Chione 52 

olssoni, Noetia 16 

olssoni, Petricola 57 

omissa, Transennella 54 

oneilli, Macoma 45 

oonogai, Mya 57 

opaca, Venus 55 

opifex, Modiola 20 

Oppenheimopecten 26 

orangica, Leda 11 

orbella, Diplodonta 30 

orbella, Paphia 52 

orbibularis, Venus 28 

orbiculare, Amphidesma 47 

orbignyanus, Mytilus 18 

orbignyi, Promantellum 23 

orcia, Yoldiella 14 

orcutti, Bankia 62 

orcutti, Chlamydoconcha 33 

orcutti, Sanguinolaria 48 

ordinaria, Polymesoda 50 

oregonensis, Crassinella 36 

oregonensis, Cryptomya 58 

oregonensis, Cytherea 56 

oregonensis, Pecten 27 

oregonica, Siliqua 41 

orientalis, Lima 22 

orientalis, Saxicara 59 

ornata, Nuculana 12 

ornata, Verticordia 65 

ornatissima, Chione 52 

Orobitella 32 

Orobitellinae 32 

Orthoyoldia 14 

Ostrea 23 

Ostreacea 23 

Ostreidae 23 

Ostreina 23 

Ostreinae 23 

ostreivaga, Plicatula 24 

Ostreoida 23 

osumiensis, Bankia 62 

ovalina, Donax 47 

ovalina, Mactra 39 

ovalis, Mactra 40 

ovalis, Mya 57 

ovalis, Mytilus 18 

ovalis, Psephiclia 56 

ovalis, Sanguinolaria 48 

ovalis, Vesicomya 50 

ovata, Area 15 

ovata, Astarte 37 

avala, Crassina 36 

ovata, Cyclocardia 34 

ovata, Gastrochaena 59 

ovata, Glycymeris 17 

avala, Mya 57 

ovata, Petricola 57 

ovoidea, Chaceia 60 

ovoidea, Sphenia 58 

ovulata, Corbula 58 

ovuloides, Cardium 38

Pythinella 33 

quadra, Pholaidea 61 

quadragenarium, Trachycardium 

quadrana, Maconza 45 

quadrangularis, Peina 22 

quadrans, Astarte 36 

quadrata, Astarte 36 

quadrata, Basterotia 33 

quadrata, Cryptonzya 58 

quadratus, Isognomon 

quadrilatera, Arca 15 

22 

quadriradiata, Tapes 56 

quadrisulcata, Lucina 29 

quaylei, Lyonsiella 65 

Quendreda 19 

quentinensis, Seme le 47 

quiba, Yoldia 14 

quintinensis, Crassinella 36 

quirica, Nucula 10 

radians, Pandora 63 

radiata, Carditamera 

radiata, Corbula 58 

radiata, Cyretza 50 

radiata, Lutraria 40 

radiata, Mactra 39 

34 

radiata, Nuculana 12 

radiata, Pandora 63 

radiata, Policordia 

radiata, Venus 55 

65 

radiants, Donax 48 

radula, Spondylus 27 

Raeta 40 

randolphi, Delectopecten 26 

Rangia 40 

Rangianella 40 

Rasia 16 

rastellinunz, Pecten 24 

rastrum, Cardium 38 

reclusa, Tellina 43 

recluzii, Cyrena 50 

recognita, Perna 22 

rectus, Modiolus 20 

recurva, TelUna 42 

recurvata, Tellina 42 

rectify:is, Ischadium 18 

redondoensis, Axinulus 30 

redondoensis, Cardita 34 

redondoensis, Nuculana 

reeveana, Barbatia 15 

reeveana, Cardita 34 

12 

reevei, Donax 49 

regia, Aulacomya 18 

regia, Tellina 43 

regularis, Gari 47 

regularis, Psammobia 47 

regularis, Semele 47 

regulus, Maliens 22 

reidi, Solemya 9 

reinharti, Anadara 15 

restorationensis, Paphia 53 

reticulata, Arca 15 

reticulata, Venus 51 

retifer, Pholas 60 

rehfera, Rhamphidonta 31 

revellei, Mactrotoma 39 

reversa, Noetia 16 

Rexithaerus 45 

Rhamphidonta 31 

rhodora, Tellina 42 

rhomboidalis, Astarte 37 

rhynchoscuta, Tellina 43 

rhypis, Pandora 63 

rhysomia, Venus 54 

rhyssodes, Petricola 57 

rhytida, Nuculana 13 

richardsoni, Cardium 38 

38 richmondi, Mactra 39 

richthofeni, Here 28 

rickettsi, Macoma 45 

Rictocyma 37 

rigida, Venus 51 

ritteri, Saturnia 11 

riversi, Pecten 27 

rivularis, Crassostrea 23 

rjabininae, Cyclocardia 34 

robiginosa, Cardionlya 66 

robusta, Petricola 57 

rochebrunei, Mysella 32 

Rochefortia 32 

rodriguezi, Venus 52 

rogersi, Lithophaga 21 

rollandi, Tridonta 37 

rosacea, Ostrea 23 

rosaceus, Pecten 25 

rosaceus, Solen 41 

rosea, Corbula 58 

rosea, Pholas 60 

rosea, Semele 47 

roseus, Pitar 55 

rositae, Pteria 21 

rostae, Barbatia 15 

rostrata, Leda 12 

rostrata, Netastoma 61 

rostratus, Donax 49 

rostratus, Pitar 54 

rostriferum, Dacrydium 

rotunda, Tellina 44 

rotundata, Crenella 20 

rotundata, Kellia 31 

rotundata, Tellina 44 

rotundatum, Cardium 38 

rotundus, Pecten 26 

rubescens, Tellina 43 

rubida, Chlamys 25 

rubra, Corbula 58 

rubrolineata, Amphidesma 

rubropicta, Chatna 35 

rubropicta, Semele 47 

Rudiphaga 21 

rudis, Crassatellites 

rudis, Plana 22 

36 

radis, Solen 41 

rudis, Venericardia 34 

Ruditapes 56 

rufa, Eurhomalea 55 

rufescens, Cardita 33 

rufescens, Tellitta 48 

19 

46 

rubroradiata, Sanguinolaria 47 

rubrotincta, Semele 46 

rubrum, Cardium 31 

rude, Lepton 32 

ruderata, Chione 52 

rufipunctatus, Maliens 22 

rufiradiatus, Pecten 25 

rufoides, Ostrea 23 

rugifera, Neaeromya 32 

rugiferus, Lithophagus 21 

rugosa, Donax 49 

rugosa, Petricola 57 

rugosa, Pinna 22 

rugulosa, Gastrochaena 59 

ruizana, Limopsis 17 

Rupellaria 57 

rupicola, Semele 47 

rupium, Semele 47 

saavedrai, Pseudochama 36 

saccata, Cyclinella 56 

saccata, Pinna 22 

Saccella 12 

sacculifer, Modiolus 20 

•acculifer, Volsella 19 

sachalinensis, Yoldia 13 

sagamiensis, Dermatomya 65 

sagitta, Pholadidea 61 

sagrinata, Panopaea 59 

sajnakhaliensis, Nausitora 62 

sakhalinensis, Saxicava 59 

salanga, Pitar 55 

salinensis, Eurhomalea 55 

salmonea, Halodakra 49 

salmonea, Maera 42 

salmoneus, Heterodonax 48 

salvadoricus, Lioberus 19 

sanctaecrucis, Phacoides 29 

sanesia, Yoldiella 14 

sanguinea, Tellina 43 

Sanguinolaria 48 

santarosae, Erycina 32 

santarosae, Tellina 43 

Sarepta 10 

Sareptidae 10 

saturna, Limatula 23 

Saturnia 11 

saulii, Nausitora 62 

sauvineti, Modiolarca 49 

savatieri, Modiolarca 49 

savatieri, Nucula 10 

sawanensis, Pecten 27 

Saxicavella 60 

saxicola, Agriodesma 63 

Saxidomus 55 

scaber, Plectodon 66 

scalpellum, Donax 49 

scalprum, Solen 41 

Scambulinae 36 

scammoni, Entodesma 63 

scammoni, Liocyma 56 

scapha, Poromya 65 

Scapharca 16 

schefferi, Liocyma 56 

schencki, Nucula 9 

schenki, Thracia 64 

shimanensis, Pecten 27 

schotti, Chione 52 

schrencki, Bankia 62 

Scintilla 30 

scintillaeformis, Oedalia 56 

Scioberetia 33 

Scissula 43 

scissurata, Y oldia 13 

scobina, Naranio 57 

scobinata, Tellina 44 

Scrobiculariidae 46 

sculpta, Leda 12 

sculpta, Mysella 32 

Scutarcopagia 44 

secitura, Orobitella 33 

sechurana, Agriodesma 63 

secta, Macoma 45 

secticostata, Arca 15 

secunda, Yoldia 14 

Semele 46 

Semelina 47 

semen, Carditella 34 

semiaspera, Diplodonta 30 

semicostata, Modiola 19 

semidecussata, Tapes 56 

semifulva, Cytherea 53 

senzifusca, Modiola 18 

semilaevis, Brachidontes 18 

semilamellosa, Cytherea 55 

senzilarata, Astarte 37 

99

Semimytilus 18 

seminuda, Crenella 20 

seminuda, Yoldia 13 

semiobliterata, Dosinia 51 

semiornata, Nucula 10 

Semipallium 25 

semirugosa, Diplodonta 30 

semistriatus, Donax 49 

semisulcata, Astarte 36 

semisulcata, Crassina 37 

senhousia, Musculista 20 

senticosum, Trachycardium 38 

septentrionalis, Mytilus 18 

Septibranchida 65 

Septifer 19 

serialis, Cytherea 53 

sericata, Lucina 30 

sericeus, Pecten 26 

serra, Ostrea 24 

Serracorbula 58 

serrata, Strigilla 42 

serricata, Axinopsida 29 

Serripes 39 

setacea, Bankia 62 

setosa, Philobrya 16 

shimanensis, Pecten 27 

shinadae, Astarte 37 

sibirica, Bankia 62 

sibirica, Lyonsia 63 

sicarius, Solen 41 

sieboldtii, Lutraria 40 

Silicula 10 

silicula, Tellina 42 

Si1iculidae 10 

Siliculidae 10 

Siliqua 41 

siliqua, Macoma 45 

siliqua, Mya 59 

siliqua, Nucula 13 

similaris, Limatula 23 

similis, Anadara 15 

similis, Cumitzgia 46 

similis, Mactra 40 

similis, Mytilus 18 

similis, Pecten 27 

simillima, Venus 51 

Simomactra 39 

simplex, Anomia 27 

simplex, Artemis 51 

simplex, Periploma 64 

simplicissima, Semele 47 

Simplistrigilla 42 

simulans, Tellina 43 

sincera, Strigilla 42 

sinensis, Ostrea 23 

singleyi, Cyclinella 56 

singularis, Isorobitella 32 

sinuatus, Mytilus 18 

sinuosa, Chama 35 

sinuosa, Modiola 18 

sinuosa, Petricola 57 

sitkana, Macoma 44 

skenia, Limopsis 16 

skoglundae, Crassinella 36 

sloati, Siliqua 41 

smirna, Tindaria 11 

smithi, Spondylus 27 

smithii, Poromya 65 

sodalis, Machaera 41 

solangensis, Venits 53 

Solecardia 31 

Solecurtus 48 

Solemya 9 

Solemyacea 9 

100 

Solemyidae 9 

Solemyoida 9 

Solen 41 

Solena 41 

Solenacea 41 

Solenidae 41 

soleniformis, Adula 21 

solenoides, Darina 41 

• Arcopsis 16 

solida, Clementia 56 

souda, Cyrena 50 

souda, Gari 47 

• Hiatella 59 

souda, Hyotissa 23 

valida, Panope 59 

solida, Petricola 55 

solida, Psammobia 47 

• Semele 47 

solidissima, Cytherea 53 

solidula, Barbatia 14 

solidula, Petricola 55 

solidula, Tellina 44 

solidulus, Pecten 24 

sootryeni, Macoma 44 

sordida, Chama 35 

sororcula, Transennella 54 

sorror, Astarte 37 

sorror, Malletia 10 

sovaliki, Mysella 32 

sowerby, Semele 47 

sowerbyana, Adrana 11 

sowerbyi, Arca 16 

sowerbyi, Donax 48 

sowerbyi, Pecten 25 

soyoae, Poromya 65 

spargana, Nuculana 13 

sparsilineata, Semele 47 

spathulata, Ostrea 24 

spathulata, Pholas 60 

spatiosa, Lithophaga 21 

spatiosa, Protothaca 52 

spatula, Mytilus 19 

speciosa, Corbula 58 

speciosa, Mytella 18 

spectabilis, Lucina 29 

spectri, Macoma 45 

spelaea, Penitella 61 

Sphenia 58 

Spheniinae 58 

Spheniopsidae 59 

spherica, Lucina 29 

sphoni, Acesta 22 

spiekeri, Cardium 38 

spinosa, Chanta 35 

spinosa, Haliris 65 

spinosum, Cardium 37 

Spinula 13 

Spinulidae 13 

Spisula 40 

splendens, Mytilus 19 

splendens, Pecten 25 

splendidus, Lioberus. 19 

Spondylidae 27 

spondylopsis, Plicatula 24 

Spondylus 27 

spongiophila, Entodesma 63 

Sportellidae 33 

spurca, Chione 52 

spurca, Cyclocardia 35 

squalida, Megapitaria 54 

squalidum, Cardiutn 39 

squalidus, Saxidomus 55 

squamiformis, Cyclopecten 26 

squamosa, Chione 52 

squamosa, Lima 22 

squamosa, Thracia 64 

squamuligera, Chama 35 

squarosa, Chlamys 25 

stalderi, Pitaria 54 

staminea, Protothaca 52 

stanleyense, Cyamium 33 

stearnsii, Mytilus I 8 

stearnsii, Neaeromya 32 

stearnsii, Periploma 64 

stearnsii, Venericardia 34 

stearnsii, Vesicomya 50 

stephensae, Gafrarium 51 

stephensae, Psephidia 56 

sterna, Pteria 21 

stimpsoni, Limopsis 17 

straminea, Limopsis 17 

straminea, Tellina 42 

strata, Strigilla 42 

strategus, Pecten 24 

Striarcinae 16 

striata, Cumingia 46 

striata, Martesia 60 

striata, Mya 63 

striata, Nicania 37 

striata, Nucula 9 

striata, Saxicara 59 

strigata, Mytella 18 

strigata, Yoldia 13 

strigilata, Glycymeris 17 

Strigilla 41 

Striostrea 24 

striosum, Amphidesma 46 

strongi, Spisula 40 

Strophocardia 34 

stultorum, Tivela 53 

Stumpiella 21 

stylina, Adula 21 

suavis, Vesicomya 50 

subaequilatera, Astarte 36 

subaequilateralis, Protothaca 53 

subalata, Mactrellona 40 

subanivana, Liocyma 56 

subantarctica, Saxicara 59 

subauriculata, Limatula 23 

subcrassidens, Cardita 34 

subdiaphana, Compsomyax 56 

subdiaphana, Cooperella 56 

subdola, Nucinella 9 

subelongata, Area 15 

subelongatus, Cardium 38 

subequalis, Solenella 10 

subegualis, Sphenia 58 

subfuscata, Modiola 19 

subglacialis, Cuspidaria 66 

subglobosa, Navea 61 

subhyalinus, Cyclopecten 26 

subimbricata, Chione 51 

sublaevis, Pythinella 33 

subnodosus, Lyropecten 25 

subobsoleta, Glycymeris 17 

suborbicularis, Kellia 31 

suborata, Mya 57 

subquadrata, Cyclinella 56 

subquadrata, Diplodonia 30 

subquadrata, Gaimardia 49 

subquadrata, Lazaria 35 

subquadrata, Semelina 47 

subquadratum, Cyamium 33 

subrostrata, Venus 51 

subrugosa, Chione 52 

substriata, Modiola 20 

substriatum, Laevicardium 38 

subteres, Tagelus 48

subtrigona, Halodakra 49 

subtrigona, Tellina 42 

subtruncata, Barnea 60 

subtruncata, Mya 57 

subula, Lithodomus 21 

subventricosus, Pecten 24 

subviridis, Lasaea 31 

succincta, Venus 51 

mesa, Cytherea 53 

suffusa, Tellina 42 

sugillata, Venus 51 

sulcata, Halistrepta 64 

sukata, Tindaria 11 

sulcatoides, Astarte 36 

sulcatus, Donax 48 

sukosa, Cardita 34 

sulculosa, Paphia 52 

suppositrix, Cytherea 55 

suprastriata, Nucula 9 

suprema, Adrana II 

suprema, Diplodonta 30 

swainsoni, Sphenia 57 

Symmorphomactra 40 

tabogensis, Arca 15 

tabogensis, Setnele 57 

tabogensis, Tellina 42 

taeniata, Panope 59 

taeniolata, Nucula 9 

Tagelus 48 

takahokoensis, Macoma 44 

talama, Malletia 10 

taliemvhanensis, Ostrea 23 

tanzurai, Crenella 20 

tanneri, Nucula 10 

tatztilla, Transennella 54 

Tapes 56 

Topetinae 55 

taphria, Nuctdana 13 

Talvera 53 

taylori, Adrana 11 

taylori, Musculus 21 

Tedinia 28 

teevani, Periploma 64 

tegulata, Carditella 34 

tehuekhus, Argopecten 24 

Tellidora 42 

Tellidorella 37 

tellitnyalis, Petricola 57 

tellinlyalis, Psephis 56 

Tellina 42 

Tellinacea 41 

Tellinella 44 

Tellinidae 41 

Tellinidella 44 

tellinides, Cumingia 46 

Tellininae 41 

tellinoides, Lucina 30 

tellinoides, Sanguinolaria 48 

Temnoconcha 46 

tenebrosus, Spondylus 27 

tenella, Limopsis 17 

tenerrima, Protothaca 52 

tenuiaratus, Mytilus 18 

tenuiconcha, Poromya 65 

Tenuicorbula 58 

tenuilamellata, Eurhomalea 55 

tetzuilineata, Tellina 46 

tenuirostris, Macoma 45 

tennis, Anomia 27 

tennis, Arca 10 

tennis, Corbula 58 

tennisculpta, Lucina 29 

tenuisculptus, Pectutzculus 17 

tennis, Cyclina 56 

tenuisima, Y oldia 14 

tennis, Lutraria 41 

tennis, Mya 58 

tennis, Nucula 10 

tennis, Panope 60 

tennis, Petricola 57 

tennis, San guinolaria 48 

tennis, Saxicava 59 

tennis, Solen 41 

tennis, Telliznya 31 

tennistriata, Pholas 60 

tenuisulcata, Nuculana 12 

tepocana, Abra 46 

Teredinidae 61 

Teredininae 61 

Teredo 62 

teres, Modiola,2I 

tersa, Tellina 44 

tessellatus, Pectunculus 17 

tetrica, Lima 22 

texta, Atrina 22 

thaatunni, Codakia 28 

thaca, Protothaca 52 

Thecaliinae 25 

Thecodontinae 33 

Theora 47 

Thestyleda 13 

thouarsi, Venus 51 

Thovana 60 

Thracia 64 

Thraciacea 64 

thraciaeformis, Yoldia 14 

Thraciidae 64 

thracioides, Tumbeziconcha 39 

thulensis, Chlamys 25 

Thyasira 29 

Thyasiridae 29 

Thyasirinae 29 

tibai, Solemya 9 

tigerina, Venus 28 

tigrinus, Mallens 22 

tillamookensis, Myonera 66 

tillamookensis, Pecten 26 

Thnoclea 52 

Tinctoria 55 

tinctoria, Chama 35 

Tindaria II 

Tindariidae 11 

Tiostrea 23 

titan, Dosinia 51 

Tivela 53 

tokunagai, Solemya 9 

tokunagai, Venericardia 35 

tokyoensis, Martesia 60 

tomeanus, Pitar 54 

totneana, Thyasira 29 

tonosiana, Adrana 11 

torelli, Tellina 44 

toreuma, Venus 51 

tortuosa Semele 47 

tortuosus, Pitar 55 

tottenii, Gemma 56 

townsendi, Teredo 62 

Trachycardiinae 37 

Trachycardium 38 

traftoni, Chione 52 

Transennella 53 

transversa, Anadara 15 

transversus, Donax 49 

trapesina, Gaimardia 49 

Trapeziidae 49 

Trapezium 49 

trapezoides, Thracia 64 

trapezoidis, Panomya 59 

Tresus 40 

triangula, Cyrena 50 

triangula, Polymesoda 50 

triatzgularis, Noetia 16 

tribunalis, Cyrena 50 

tricarinata, Thyasira 29 

tricolor, Cardites 34 

tricolor, Venus 53 

widens, Pholadidea 61 

Tridonta 37 

trigonalis, Isorobitella 32 

trigonalis, Potanzotnya 58 

Trigoniocardia 38 

trigonularis, Cumingia 46 

Trigonulina 65 

trigonunz, Gnathodon 40 

triradiata, Cytherea 53 

triserialis, Cytherea 53 

troglodytes, Venus 52 

tropicalis, Ensis 41 

Tropithaca 53 

trossulus, Mytilus 18 

trosti, Poronzya 65 

Truncacila 9 

truncaria, Macoma 64 

truncata, Arca 14 

truncata, Gastrochaena 59 

truncata, Malletia 10 

truncata, Mya 57 

truncata, Panope 59 

truncata, Teredo 62 

truncata, Thmcia 64 

truncatissimus, Entodesma 63 

trunculus, Sphaenia 58 

Tryphomyax 30 

tuberculosa, Anadara 15 

tuberculosa, Atrina 22 

tubifera, Pholadidea 61 

tubigera, Penitella 61 

tubulifera, Ostrea 24 

Tucetona 17 

tucila, Eucrassatella 36 

tucilla, Harvella 39 

tulipa, Modiola 19 

tulipa, Ostrea 23 

tumaca, Corbula 58 

turnbesiana, Diplodontina 31 

tumbezensis, Leptopecten 25 

tumbezensis, Modiolus 18 

tumbezensis, Tellina 42 

tumbeziana, Cyathodonta 64 

Tumbeziconcha 39 

tumens, Chione 51 

tumida, Cardita 34 

tumida, Cyrena 50 

tumida, Mysella 32 

tumida, Sphaerella 30 

tumida, Tapes 52 

tumidior, Lithophagus 21 

tunzidus, Pecten 24 

mica, Pecten 25 

turbinata, Ostrea 23 

turgida, Cardita 34 

turgida, Panomya 59 

turgida, Tellina 44 

turnerae, Penitella 61 

turnerae, Xylophaga 61 

Turtonia 56 

Turtoniidae 56 

turturina, Ostrea 24 

typica, Nucula 10 

typicans, Mulinia 40 

uchidae, Clinocardium 39 

uddevalensis, Crassina 37 

101

uddevalensis, Mya 57 

ulloana, Cyclinella 56 

ulloana, Tellina 43 

umbonata, Mysella 32 

umnaka, Cardita 34 

unalaskae, Chlamys 24 

uncifera, Pandora 62 

undata, Astarte 36 

undata, Lucina 29 

undatella, Chione 51 

undatoides, Lucina 29 

utzdatostriata, Chione 52 

undulata, Cràssatella 36 

undulata, Cyathodonta 64 

undulata, Cymatoica 44 

undulata, Cytherea 53 

undulata, Raeta 41 

unedo, Cardium 38 

ungana, Saxicava 59 

ungulatus, Mytilus 18 

Ungulinidae 30 

unicolor, Pitar 55 

unicolor, Spondylus 27 

uniradiata, Cytherea 53 

Uperotus 62 

ursipes, Spondylus 27 

uruguayensis, Nucula 10 

urutschensis, Serripes 39 

uzenensis, Mya 57 

vaginata, Empleconia 16 

vaginata, Leda 12 

valdiviana, Arca 15 

valparaisensis, Bankia 62 

valvulus, Solemya 9 

vanattae, Mactra 39 

vancouverensis, Delectopecten 26 

vancouverensis, Glycymeris 17 

vancouverensis, Limatula 23 

vancouverensis, Monoeciostrae 23 

vancouverensis, Yoldia 13 

varia, Cardita 34 

variabilis, Chione 51 

varians, Crassinella 36 

varians, Spondylus 27 

Varicorcula 58 

variegata, Art emis 56 

variegatum, Cardium 37 

varlegatus, Angulus 42 

varilineata, Tellina 44 

variola, Cuspidaria 66 

vaskuchevskensis, Panope 60 

veatchi, Ostrea 23 

velata, Arca 15 

velata, Mactra 39 

velataformis, Calloarca 15 

velero, Leptopecten 25 

vellicata, Donax 48 

102 

velum, Solemya 9 

velutinus, -Cyclocardia 35 

venada, Bornia 31 

Veneracea 50 

Veneridae 50 

Venerinae 50 

Veneroida 28 

venosa, Chama 36 

Ventricolaria 51 

ventricosa, Arca 14 

ventricosa, Carbula 58 

ventricosa, Cumin gia 46 

ventricosa, Cyclocardia 34 

ventricosa, Lutraria 40 

ventricosa, Lyonsia 63 

ventricosa, Petricola 57 

ventricosa, Solemya 41 

ventricosum, Amphidesma 46 

ventricosum, Trapezium 49 

ventricosus, Pecten 24 

venulosa, Tellina 43 

venusta, Petricola 57 

venusta, Semele 47 

vernicosa, Tridonta 37 

vernicosus, Musculus 21 

verrucosa, Semele 47 

verruculastra, Semele 47 

versicolor, Tellina 47 

Verticordia 65 

Verticordiacea 65 

Verticordiidae 65 

Vesticomya 50 

Vesicomyidae 50 

vesiculatus, Mallet's 22 

vespertilio, Byssoarca 14 

vespertitta, Arca 16 

vespertina, Sanguinolaria 48 

Viaderella 29 

vicina, Tellina 47 

victoriae, Spondylus 27 

Vilasina 21 

villosior, Asthenothaerus 64 

vinaceus, Pitar 55 

vincula, Katadesmia 13 

violacea, Mercenaria 52 

violascens, Tagelus 48 

virens, Tindaria 11 

virgata, Tellina 44 

virginica, Crassostrea 23 

virgo, Tellina 44 

viridis, Axinopsida 29 

viridis, Liocyma 56 

viridizona, Pteria 21 

viridotincta, Psammotreta 46 

vitreum, Dacrydium 19 

vitreus, Cyclopecten 26 

vityazi, Spinula 13 

vivesi, Avicula 21 

vladivostokensis, Spisula 40 

vogdesi, Pecten 27 

volucris, Cardita 33 

voyi, Callista 40 

vulgaris, Modiola 20 

vulneratus, Pitar 55 

Vulsella 22 

wainwrightensis, Chlamys 24 

wajampolkana, Thyasira 29 

wajampolkensis, Pandora 63 

wardiana, Pandora 63 

warhami, Astarte 37 

washingtona, Xylophaga 61 

washingtonia, Cryptomya 58 

washingtonia, Habepegris 19 

whiteavesi, Pecten 26 

whiteavesii, Astarte 36 

willetti, Astarte 37 

williami, Microcardium 38 

williamsi, Mactra 39 

willisi, Antigona 54 

wilsonii, Penitella 61 

withami, Crassina 37 

woodwardi, Yoldia 13 

xanthocheilum, Cardium 38 

xantusi, Miltha 29 

xilophaga, Martesia 60 

Xylophaga 61 

Xylophagaidae 61 

Xyloredo 61 

yatesi, Venericardia 35 

yokoyamai, Crenella 20 

Yoldia 13 

Yoldiella 14 

yoldiformis, Macoma 45 

Yoldiidae 13 

zacae, Tellina 44 

Cyclopecten 26 

Zemysia 30 

Zenatiinae 41 

zenkevitchi, Rictocytna 37 

zephyrus, Cyclopecten 26 

zeteki, Bankia 62 

zeteki, Mytilus 49 

zeteki, Polymesoda 50 

zeteki, Semipallium 25 

zeteki, Septifer 19 

Zirfaea 60 

zones, Limopsis 17 

zorrita, Orobitella 33 

zorritensis, Arca 15 

zorritensis, Bornia 31 

zorritensis, Protothaca 53 

Zygochlamys 25 

zyonoensis, Tellina 43

I 4° 

Fisheries Pêches 

and Oceans et Océans

Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia of the Eastern Pacific Ocean ...

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