Distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms at Svalbard ...

Refer as: 

Gulliksen, B., Palerud, R., Brattegard, T. & Sneli, J. (editors), 1999: 

Distribution of marine benthic macro-organisms at Svalbard (including Bear Island) and 

Jan Mayen. 

- Research Report for DN 1999-4. Directorate for Nature Management.

Distribution of marine benthic macro-organisms at 

Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen 

Figures and tabulated catalogues of species-distributions, literature and 

synonyms. 

by 

Bjørn Gulliksen 1) , Rune Palerud 2) , Torleiv Brattegard 3) & Jon-Arne Sneli 4) 

Research report for DN 1999 - 4 

1) Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø 

2) Akvaplan-niva, 9005 Tromsø 

3) Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen 

4) Trondhjem Biological Station, Bynesveien 46, 7018 Trondheim 

___________________________________________________________________________ 

TRONDHEIM, NORWAY 

3

Directorate for Nature Management 

7485 Trondheim, Norway 

Telephone: +47 73 58 05 00 - Telefax: +47 73 58 05 01 

http://www.dirnat.no 

Research report for DN 

No. 1999 - 4 

Title: 

Distribution of marine benthic macro-organisms at Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan 

Mayen. Figures and tabulated catalogues of species-distributions, literature and synonyms 

Author: 

Bjørn Gulliksen 1) , Rune Palerud 2) , Torleiv Brattegard 3) & Jon-Arne Sneli 4) 

1) Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø 

2) Akvaplan-niva, 9005 Tromsø 

3) Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen 

4) Trondhjem Biological Station, Bynesveien 46, 7018 Trondheim 

Number of pages: 

151 

Emneord: 

Marine benthos 

utbredelse 

Svalbard 

Jan Mayen 

ISSN 0804-1504 

ISBN 82-7072-313-4 

TE 812 

Date: 

February 1999 

Keywords: 

Marine benthos 

distribution 


Jan Mayen 

Ekstrakt: 

Denne rappporten viser utbredelsen av marine bunnlevende makroorganismer (alger, 

evertebrater og fisk) ved Svalbard (inkludert Bjørnøya). Arbeidet med rapporten ble startet 

opp som et første ledd i en kartlegging av marinbiologiske naturverdier i det samme 

området. Dataene er hentet fra upubliserte og publiserte arbeider og baserer seg på 

eksisterende informasjon supplert med nye analyser fra utvalgte områder hvor det fra før 

av eksisterte lite data. Det er totalt samlet inn informasjon fra 1179 prøvestasjoner, og 1871 

arter er registrert i undersøkelsesområdet. 

Abstract: 

This report presents the distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms (algae, 

evertebrates, fish) from the areas of Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. This 

work was innitiated as a first step of a mapping of marine “nature values” near Svalbard in 

the same geographical region. The data are collected from unpublished and published 

sources and are based on existing information and supplemented with analyses from 

certain areas from which data were scarce. In total, information was collected from 1179 

stations, and 1871 species were recorded within the area of investigation.

PREFACE 

In 1995, the Directorate for Nature Management established a working group with the 

mandate to administrate a mapping of ”marine biological nature values” in the coastal 

areas of Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. As a first step, the group 

decided to collect information about the marine macrobenthos (plants and animals) in 

this region based on both existing data and new samplings from areas that were scarcely 

investigated. The procedure followed mainly the lines of a similar mapping study of the 

Norwegian coast (Brattegard & Holthe 1997). 

The present catalogue identifies 1871 species and their distribution within 19 

geographical regions. This information will form a basis for a biogeographical analysis 

of the area, and will also be combined with data showing the distribution of marine 

mammals and seabirds in the same geographical area. 

This report will be valuable in the monitoring of the Arctic environment, but will 

hopefully also be of use for scientists, students and amateurs. 

The working group who administered this project had the following members: Bjørn 

Gulliksen, University of Tromsø, Torleiv Brattegard, University of Bergen, Jan 

Rueness, University of Oslo, Jon-Arne Sneli, University of Trondheim, Ian Gjertz, and 

John Richard Hansen, Norwegian Polar Institute, Petter Fossum, Institute of Marine 

Research, Sigbjørn Lomelde, Directorate of Fisheries, Rune Palerud, Akvaplan-niva, 

Reidar Hindrum, Jan P. Huberth Hansen and Torleif Holthe, Directorate for Nature 

Management. The Directorate for Nature Management wishes to thank the working 

group, all specialists who contributed to this work, and particularly those who compiled 

and edited the information. 

Trondheim, February 1999 

Yngve Svarte 

Director of the Department for Species Management

CONTENTS 

Page 

SUMMARY.................................................................................................................13 

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................15 

MATERIAL AND METHODS...................................................................................15 

The area ....................................................................................................................15 

Collection of information from published sources...................................................16 

Collection of information from cruises ....................................................................17 

SCUBA-diving inventories; University of Tromsø ..............................................17 

Cruises in collaboration with UNIS ......................................................................19 

Registration of information - the database ...............................................................19 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................20 

Literature ..................................................................................................................20 

Records of species or higher taxa.............................................................................21 

RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................27 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................27 

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................28 

Appendix 1. Definition and borders between the geographical zones of Svalbard (including 

Bear Island) and Jan Mayen.........................................................................................29 

Appendix 2. List of literature with information from the geographical areas. ............31 

Appendix 3. Species list of organisms.........................................................................43 

PHAEOPHYTA........................................................................................................43 

RHODOPHYTA.......................................................................................................44 

CHLOROPHYTA ....................................................................................................45 

PORIFERA...............................................................................................................46 

CNIDARIA...............................................................................................................48 

Hydrozoa (CNIDARIA)........................................................................................48 

Scyphozoa (CNIDARIA) ......................................................................................50 

Anthozoa (CNIDARIA) ........................................................................................50 

CTENOPHORA .......................................................................................................51 

NEMERTINI ............................................................................................................51 

NEMATODA ...........................................................................................................52 

KAMPTOZOA (Entoprocta)....................................................................................52 

PRIAPULIDA ..........................................................................................................52 

ECHIURIDA ............................................................................................................52 

SIPUNCULIDA........................................................................................................52 

ANNELIDA..............................................................................................................53 

Polychaeta (ANNELIDA).....................................................................................53 

Archiannelida (ANNELIDA)................................................................................56 

Oligochaeta (ANNELIDA) ...................................................................................57 

POGONOPHORA ....................................................................................................57 

CHELICERATA ......................................................................................................57 

Pycnogonida (CHELICERATA)...........................................................................57 

CRUSTACEA ..........................................................................................................57 

Ostracoda (CRUSTACEA) ...................................................................................57 

Copepoda (CRUSTACEA) ...................................................................................58 

Cirripedia (CRUSTACEA) ...................................................................................59 

Leptostraca (CRUSTACEA).................................................................................59 

9

Mysidacea (CRUSTACEA) ..................................................................................59 

Cumacea (CRUSTACEA).....................................................................................59 

Tanaidacea (CRUSTACEA) .................................................................................60 

Amphipoda (CRUSTACEA).................................................................................60 

Isopoda (CRUSTACEA).......................................................................................63 

Euphausiacea (CRUSTACEA) .............................................................................64 

Decapoda (CRUSTACEA) ...................................................................................64 

MOLLUSCA ............................................................................................................65 

Caudofoveata (MOLLUSCA)...............................................................................65 

Solenogastres (MOLLUSCA)...............................................................................65 

Polyplacophora (MOLLUSCA) ............................................................................65 

Prosobranchia (MOLLUSCA) ..............................................................................65 

Opistobranchia (MOLLUSCA).............................................................................67 

Cephalopoda (MOLLUSCA) ................................................................................68 

Bivalvia (MOLLUSCA)........................................................................................68 

Scaphopoda (MOLLUSCA)..................................................................................69 

BRACHIOPODA .....................................................................................................69 

BRYOZOA...............................................................................................................70 

CHAETOGNATA ....................................................................................................73 

ECHINODERMATA ...............................................................................................73 

Crinoidea (ECHINODERMATA).........................................................................73 

Asteroidea (ECHINODERMATA).......................................................................73 

Ophiuroidea (ECHINODERMATA) ....................................................................74 

Echinoidea (ECHINODERMATA) ......................................................................74 

Holothuroidea (ECHINODERMATA) .................................................................74 

Chordata ...................................................................................................................75 

Larvacea (Chordata)..............................................................................................75 

Ascidiacea (Chordata)...........................................................................................75 

Chondrichthyes (Chordata) ...................................................................................76 

Osteichthyes (Chordata)........................................................................................76 

Overview table..........................................................................................................77 

Appendix 4. Species lists with auctor and synonyms..................................................78 

Algae............................................................................................................................78 

PHAEOPHYTA........................................................................................................78 

RHODOPHYTA.......................................................................................................79 

CHLOROPHYTA ....................................................................................................79 

Animalia.......................................................................................................................81 

PORIFERA...............................................................................................................81 

CNIDARIA...............................................................................................................82 

Hydrozoa ...............................................................................................................82 

Scyphozoa .............................................................................................................84 

Anthozoa ...............................................................................................................84 

CTENOPHORA .......................................................................................................85 

NEMERTINI ............................................................................................................85 

NEMATODA ...........................................................................................................85 

KAMPTOZOA (Entoprocta)....................................................................................85 

PRIAPULIDA ..........................................................................................................85 

ECHIURIDA ............................................................................................................85 

SIPUNCULIDA........................................................................................................85 

10

ANNELIDA..............................................................................................................86 

Polychaeta .............................................................................................................86 

Archiannelida ........................................................................................................89 

Oligochaeta ...........................................................................................................89 

POGONOPHORA ....................................................................................................89 

CHELICERATA ......................................................................................................89 

CRUSTACEA ..........................................................................................................90 

Ostracoda...............................................................................................................90 

Copepoda...............................................................................................................90 

Cirripedia...............................................................................................................90 

Malacostraca .........................................................................................................91 

Leptostraca ............................................................................................................91 

Mysidacea .............................................................................................................91 

Cumacea................................................................................................................91 

Tanaidacea.............................................................................................................91 

Amphipoda............................................................................................................91 

Isopoda ..................................................................................................................94 

Euphausiacea.........................................................................................................95 

Decapoda...............................................................................................................95 

MOLLUSCA ............................................................................................................95 

Caudofoveata.........................................................................................................95 

Solenogastres.........................................................................................................95 

Polyplacophora......................................................................................................95 

Prosobranchia........................................................................................................95 

Opistobranchia ......................................................................................................98 

Cephalopoda..........................................................................................................99 

Bivalvia .................................................................................................................99 

Scaphopoda .........................................................................................................101 

BRACHIOPODA ...................................................................................................101 

BRYOZOA.............................................................................................................101 

CHAETOGNATA ..................................................................................................104 

ECHINODERMATA .............................................................................................105 

Crinoidea ................................................................................................................105 

Asteroidea...............................................................................................................105 

Ophiuroidea.........................................................................................................105 

Echinoidea...........................................................................................................105 

Holothuroidea......................................................................................................106 

Chordata .................................................................................................................106 

Tunicata...............................................................................................................106 

Larvacea ..............................................................................................................106 

Ascidiacea ...........................................................................................................106 

Vertebrata............................................................................................................107 

Chondrichthyes ...................................................................................................107 

Osteichthyes ........................................................................................................107 

Index ..........................................................................................................................109 

11

SUMMARY 

This report presents an inventory of marine, benthic macro-organisms (algae, evertebrates, 

fish) from the areas of Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. Data (species 

records) from published and unpublished sources are presented and compiled in a database 

using the programme ACCESS. The database contains also the geographical co-ordinates of 

the sampling location from which the different taxa are recorded as well as some information 

about the species and ecological conditions. The database is adapted to function as a basis for 

a biogeographical analysis. This report is a presentation of material and examples which can 

be extracted from the database. 

This work is part of a larger work whose goal is to map marine “nature values” near Svalbard 

(including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. 

SAMMENDRAG 

I dette arbeidet presenteres data fra en kartlegging av marine, bunnlevende makro-organismer 

(alger, evertebrater og fisk) ved Svalbard (inkludert Bjørnøya) og Jan Mayen. Data fra 

publiserte og upubliserte arbeider om funnsted for registrerte arter er lagt inn i en database 

basert på programmet ACCESS. Databasen inneholder også økologisk informasjon som kan 

relateres til artene og funnstedene. Databasen er bl.a. konstruert slik at det er mulig å 

gjennomføre en biogeografisk analyse. I denne rapporten er utdrag av databasen presentert i 

figurer og tabeller. Det er spesielt lagt vekt på forekomst og hyppighet av arter. 

Dette arbeidet inngår i et større arbeid hvor målet er å kartlegge marinbiologiske naturverdier 

rundt Svalbard (inkludert Bjørnøya) og Jan Mayen. 

13

INTRODUCTION 

The background for the project is an initiative from the Ministry of Environment (MD) to 

carry out a mapping of “marine biological nature values” in the coastal areas of Svalbard 

(including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. A similar mapping study has been carried out along 

the Norwegian coast (Brattegard & Holthe 1997). Thus, the present inventory at Svalbard and 

Jan Mayen should employ a similar methodology. The mapping primarily should be carried 

out based on existing information, supplemented with cruises to some selected areas, from 

which data is scarce. 

MD issued a written request on the 11th July, 1994 to the Directorate for Nature Management 

(DN) to start and administrate this task. DN appointed a working group (called the “DN- 

Working Group”), which started its work in April 1995. The group deemed it most sensible 

to focus on macrobenthos (both plants and animals) as basis for a biogeographical analysis. 

The geographical study area was specified as the “Svalbard-box” (Fig. 1). The collected 

information should be sorted in a database, and later co-ordinated with databases at the 

Norwegian Polar Institute dealing with marine mammals and seabirds in the same 

geographical area. 

Data from the database already has been incorporated into a report on the environment 

conditions at Jan Mayen (Gabrielsen et al. 1997). 

The aim of the present mapping of marine organisms is to supply the national authorities with 

scientific information which can be used for monitoring of the Arctic environment. 

MATERIAL AND METHODS 

The area 

The main focus originally was on benthic organisms living on the continental shelf of 

Svalbard and Jan Mayen. However, since Svalbard comprises also deeper fjords and straits, a 

more comprehensive definition for the “Svalbard area” was necessary. Therefore, the area of 

investigation was extended, and the database now includes marine benthic organisms and 

demersal fish recorded within the latitudes 74° - 81° N and longitudes 10°-35 °E (Fig. 1). In 

addition, the marine areas on the continental shelf around the island of Jan Mayen are 

included. 

15

75°N 

70°N 

Greenland 

Jan Mayen 

“Svalbard box” 

5°W 0° 5°E 10°E 15°E 20°E 25°E 30°E 

Fig. 1. The locations of Svalbard, Bjørnøya (Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. The geographical 

area around Svalbard dealt with in the present report is indicated as the “Svalbard box”. 

16 


Collection of information from published sources 

Bear Island 

Norway 

The published sources of information are presented in Appendix 2. However, the quality of 

these references as sources for records of marine organisms is somewhat variable. Some 

articles give relatively precise information including depth, latitude and longitude for the 

presented records, while others are more general, on a “this species is recorded near 

Svalbard” level. 

Available information on water depths and geographical location where the recorded species 

were found is compiled in the database. However, some more general statements such as 

“this species is found in Isfjorden” are included. This type of record is more valuable than the 

very general statements such as the above “this species is recorded near Svalbard”, and, as 

such, an effort has been made to incorporate such information. The investigated area 

therefore has been divided into different “zones”, which are indicated in Fig. 2. The coastal 

waters of Svalbard are divided into 17 such zones, which are denoted with two digits. A first 

digit of 1 denotes a zone at the westcoast, a first digit of 2 denotes the northern coast, a first 

digit of 3 denotes the eastern coast and a first digit of 4 denotes the southern coasts. Also a 

distinction is made between “coastal” and “fjordic” areas. A legend describing the borders 

between these zones is given in Appendix 1. 

Zone 5 is the coastal areas of Bjørnøya and zone 6 the coastal and shelf areas of Jan Mayen.

6 

Fig. 2. Geographical zones - Svalbard (incl. Bear Island) and Jan Mayen 

Collection of information from cruises 

SCUBA-diving inventories; University of Tromsø 

Diving inventories has been carried out by personnel from the University of Tromsø since 

1972. Such data from Jan Mayen is published (Gulliksen 1974; Gulliksen et al. 1980), and 

from Bear Island (Gulliksen 1979), but much of the data from Svalbard is not yet published. 

However, the species data are incorporated in the database and included in the present report. 

The diving localities at Svalbard are indicated in Fig. 3. The diving inventories have a more 

ecological approach than the present mapping of marine plants and invertebrates, and 

therefore only parts of the total information gathered is included in the present report. Much 

of the information is gathered from underwater photographs. Species-identifications based on 

underwater-photographs often is difficult. In these cases, the identifications are carried out to 

higher taxa, either genus (such as Acmaea sp.) or phylum (i.e. Bryozoa indet). This is the 

main reason for the presentation of data in this report, both as species per zone and taxa per 

zone. 

Most of the sampling in earlier investigations were carried out with surface-operated 

sampling gear (dredges, sledges, trawls and grabs) in waters where it was safe to travel with a 

larger research vessel. The diving inventories therefore are a good supplement to this type of 

sampling because diving quite often takes place in areas which are unsuitable to sampling 

17

directly from research-vessels and/or on types of bottom (especially rocky bottom) where 

conventional surface-operated sampling gear has a limited efficiency. 

80 

5 

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Fig. 3. Diving localities. 

30° 

80 

35 

75

Cruises in collaboration with UNIS 

The financial situation did not allow the project to conduct cruises entirely dedicated to the 

aims of the project. However, collaboration was undertaken with the University Studies at 

Svalbard (UNIS) in connection with graduate-courses in benthology (AB 301). These courses 

were taught in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Some of the members of the “DN-Working Group” 

participated as teachers, and records of marine organisms from these cruises are included in 

the database. 

To achieve a maximal supplement to the database and mapping of marine organisms in 

Svalbard waters, the database was used in planning of the cruises and sampling effort was 

directed to areas with a particular lack of data,. Effort was also put into using sampling 

techniques supplementing earlier sampling. Grab sampling using the 0.1 m 2 van Veen grab, 

and dredging using benthic sledges such as the “Sneli-sledge” (Sneli 1998) and the “RPsledge” 

(see Brattegard & Fosså 1991) were more frequently used than in investigations 

mentioned in the literature-list (Appendix 2). The latter two sledges are especially efficient 

collecting the organisms living in the upper layer or just above the softer sediments. 

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Fig. 4. Sampling localities on the three cruises in 1995, 1996 and 1997. 

Registration of information - the database

The records of the different species, including information about sampling location (at least 

zone - see Fig. 2) and available ecological information were registered in a database based on 

the programme ACCESS. 

Specific co-ordinates for the sampling-localities are registered, but one should be aware that 

those recorded before the time of satellite-navigation (ca 1985-1990) may be subject to error, 

because the charts were not always accurate. Experience has quite often shown that old 

localities must have been assigned the wrong co-ordinates because there is often a marked 

discrepancy in water depth when the sites are re-visited, based on co-ordinates. This 

phenomenon is particularly common when old localities on the northern and western side of 

Svalbard are revisited. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Literature 

Fig. 5. shows the number of references recorded and examined within specified time 

intervals. The figure indicates the activities in collection of material which may yield 

biogeographical information. Scientists showing interest for such studies were especially 

active in the period 1901-1930. The period 1931-1960 have few references while the 

information has increased again after 1961 indicating an increased interest in floristic, 

faunistic and bio-geographical studies. 

The reasons why a given reference not has been examined are usually either that the title 

indicates that little relevant information can be found, or that it not has been possible to 

obtain the article referred through the library at the University of Tromsø. 

Number of references 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

1774-1850 1851-1900 1901-1930 1931-1960 1961-1998 

Years 

20 

Number of references recorded 

Number of references examined 

Fig. 5. Number of references recorded and numbers of references examined in five time 

periods. The references are either containing information or suspected to contain 

information about occurrences of species within the studied geographical area. 

A complete list of all references are presented in Appendix 2.

Records of species or higher taxa 

Sampling frequency varies between the different zones. Fig. 6 gives an indication of the 

number of sampling stations in each zone. In total, information was collected from 1179 

stations in the zones around Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Zone 1.4. (Isfjorden) ranks highest 

with a total of 220 stations. The mean number of stations within a zone is 62 and near 50 % 

(9 zones) have more than 50 sampling stations. At all these stations, the investigators have 

reported longitude and latitude. 

There are several reasons for the differences in sampling frequency between the different 

zones. Some zones, especially those on the westcoast, are usually easier to reach because 

these areas are less exposed to drift ice. The main settlements are also located at the 

westcoast. This explains the high numbers of sampling-stations in Isfjorden (zone 1.4) and 

the coastal areas off western Spitsbergen (zone 1.1). Some areas on the northern coast (for 

example zones 2.7 and 2.8) are more difficult to sample, especially due to lack of detailed 

charts or presence of large areas of shallow waters unsafe to navigate for a large research 

vessel, which explains the low number of samples from these areas. 

Number of stations 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

Zones 

Fig. 6. Number of sampled localities («Stations») from the literature and own investigations 

where latitude/longitude are given. 

The number of registrations of a specified species in the different zones is also presented 

(Fig. 7). Zone 1.4 (Isfjorden) ranks highest (Fig. 7) with more than 5053 registrations. The 

mean number of registrations within a zone is 1342. However, a few zones have quite few 

registrations. One zone has less than 100 registrations, namely zone 2.7 (Franklinsundet/Lady 

Franklinfjorden and Brennevinsfjorden). 

21 

2.6 

2.7 

2.8 

2.9 

3.1 

4.1 

4.2 

5 

6

Number of registrations 

6000 

5000 

4000 

3000 

2000 

1000 

0 

0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

22 

2.5 

Zones 

Fig. 7. Number of registrations (records) in each of the zones. 

It is interesting to compare the number of sampled localities (Fig. 6) with the number of 

species in each of the zones (Fig. 8). For example, Isfjorden does not contain the highest 

number of recorded species, despite the high sampling frequency. 

Most species (865 spp.) were recorded in zone 0, which is the “undefined Svalbard” zone 

(Fig. 8). In zone 3.1, which is located on the eastern side of Svalbard, we recorded 696 spp. 

(Fig. 8). However, only 524 species were recorded in zone 1.4 (Isfjorden), despite the fact 

that Isfjorden has more than twice as many investigated stations as zone 3.1. 

Number of species 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

Zones 

Fig. 8. Number of species in the different zones 

A total of 1871 species were recorded within the area of investigation (Appendix 3). There 

was only limited information available regarding 384 of these taxa. These are recorded as 

“Zone 0 - found at Svalbard”. The remaining species can at least be placed in one of the 19 

specified zones (Fig. 2) 

Three species have been recorded in all 19 zones. These are the bivalve Hiatella arctica, the 

brittle star Ophiopholis aculeata and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. 

2.6 

2.6 

2.7 

2.7 

2.8 

2.8 

2.9 

2.9 

3.1 

3.1 

4.1 

4.1 

4.2 

4.2 

5 

5 

6 

6

A table has been prepared giving species (Table 1) found in 15 or more zones. 

Table 1. Species found in 15 or more zones (The number indicate number of registrations of 

the species in the zone) 

SPECIES_NAME 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 No. 

zones 

Hiatella arctica 13 5 8 76 22 22 26 15 11 5 20 5 4 38 16 5 11 3 37 19 

Ophiopholis aculeata 39 2 4 59 37 33 80 11 15 25 35 5 2 103 14 6 29 36 47 19 

Strongylocentrotus 

droebachiensis 

44 1 10 163 40 86 129 15 41 61 49 5 49 125 22 4 51 14 56 19 

Balanus balanus 38 12 8 120 78 74 90 14 56 48 69 4 2 5 33 9 57 43 18 

Lebbeus polaris 11 5 1 70 38 80 34 25 10 24 9 2 12 17 4 15 1 4 18 

Chlamys islandica 9 4 32 19 25 6 7 14 3 4 1 1 10 8 1 3 2 28 18 

Ophiacantha bidentata 15 2 2 45 3 6 12 1 1 3 21 1 4 75 5 29 13 13 18 

Urticina felina 36 6 112 72 15 29 26 9 10 22 4 16 27 30 53 28 2 17 

Pagurus pubescens 14 1 8 38 4 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 24 17 

Sclerocrangon boreas 8 2 5 64 4 6 4 1 4 4 2 6 4 3 5 1 1 17 

Margarites helicinus 1 1 1 21 2 9 11 3 1 1 16 5 6 8 9 15 12 17 

Hormathia nodosa 11 1 29 58 1 11 1 5 9 47 3 10 21 26 38 1 16 

Terebellides stroemi 4 1 3 10 4 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 11 4 4 1 16 

Thelepus cincinnatus 8 1 1 2 2 3 5 2 2 2 5 10 1 4 1 1 16 

Tonicella marmorea 6 1 41 28 46 80 13 26 25 16 6 5 31 3 15 2 16 

Tonicella rubra 13 3 77 25 28 51 8 27 9 24 2 22 20 7 1 1 16 

Erginus rubellus 13 26 7 16 40 5 8 8 25 2 4 2 2 7 7 12 16 

Margarites striatus 11 3 5 37 8 19 10 2 8 11 1 6 3 10 10 12 16 

Mya truncata 11 9 103 9 13 19 4 10 30 17 17 14 31 4 31 31 16 

Crossaster papposus 11 12 5 12 6 1 1 3 6 2 3 17 3 11 5 4 16 

Ophiura sarsii 11 2 26 1 4 3 11 7 3 42 4 8 3 3 16 46 16 

Halocynthia pyriformis 4 1 3 16 12 32 1 16 21 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 16 

Dendrodoa aggregata 4 5 6 3 41 5 4 16 4 7 3 43 4 33 77 1 16 

Hyas araneus 13 3 6 18 7 5 5 3 3 2 1 4 5 7 4 15 

Hyas coarctatus 15 1 14 10 4 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 4 7 46 15 

Pandalus borealis 13 1 25 8 1 1 2 3 1 2 10 4 1 1 3 15 

Ischnochiton albus 3 1 15 1 1 1 6 2 1 4 4 5 3 1 1 15 

Bathyarca glacialis 1 23 6 1 3 1 1 3 2 2 6 1 8 1 2 15 

Heliometra glacialis 15 2 22 3 4 6 10 3 9 3 14 3 14 4 5 15 

Ctenodiscus crispatus 3 1 30 2 2 5 5 7 3 1 6 18 3 12 2 15 

Ophiocten sericeum 12 1 3 81 3 3 5 3 3 3 13 2 24 4 8 15 

Boltenia echinata 3 1 2 5 20 1 9 8 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 15 

Styela rustica 5 4 1 4 5 48 11 23 21 1 1 2 3 1 2 15 

A total of 33 species have been recorded in 15 or more zones (Table 1). In this regard, it is of 

little interest to note the absence of records of a particular species in a zone where the 

sampling intensity is low, as long as the species is present in the neighbouring zones. In these 

cases, there is a high probability that the species also is present in this zone. 

However, it is of interest to note if a species is lacking in a zone with high sampling intensity. 

Such is the case with Jan Mayen. Some species which are common at Svalbard have not been 

recorded at Jan Mayen. Examples of such distribution are the crustaceans Balanus balanus 

and Hyas araneus and Hyas coarctatus, the sea anemone Hormathia nodosa, the ascidians 

Halocynthia pyriformis and Boltenia echinata and the echinoderm Ctenodiscus crispatus. 

The lack of the latter species probably can be explained by the lack of the preferred bottom 

23

substrate (soft bottom of a type which often is recorded in the inner parts of fjords) as fjords 

are lacking at Jan Mayen, but the lack of the other species are more difficult to explain. 

However, it is likely that there are biogeographical reasons for the observed differences. 

Such conspicuous “no records” of species have not been observed at Bear Island, with one 

notable exception. The common arctic bivalve Mya truncata has not been recorded at Bear 

Island. 

Direct comparison of some selected zones are shown in Fig. 9. These zones have large 

enough numbers of registrations, to allow comparisons. 

The overlap of taxa between the two coastal zones 1.1. (west coast of Svalbard) and 3.1. 

(east coast of Svalbard) shows the highest overlap between the compared zones. The overlap 

is 274 common taxa, and is higher than the overlap between 1.1. and 6. This strengthens the 

view that the difference in species composition between the west coast of Svalbard and Jan 

Mayen is larger than the difference between the western and eastern coast of Svalbard. 

Also of interest is the small overlap between the west coast of Svalbard and Bear Island 

(Fig. 9), even though the most conspicuous species at Svalbard are also present at Bear Island 

(Table 1). This strengthens the view that the physical environment is rather unique at Bear 

Island, supporting the view presented by Gulliksen (1979) that an important factor structuring 

the faunal communities at Bear Island is the tidal current. 


1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

1.1 

3.1 

1.1 

6 

1.1 and 3.1 1.1 and 6 1.1 and 5 3.1 and 5 

Fig. 9. Comparisons of taxa between Zone 1.1.(Svalbard - west coast) and 3.1 (Svalbard - 

east coast); 1.1 and 6 (Jan Mayen); 1.1 and 5 (Bear island) and 3.1 

and 5. 

A rough comparison with the species list given by Brattegard & Holthe (1997) suggests that 

most species recorded at Svalbard are also present along parts of the Norwegian coast. 

Generally therefore, it seems that the fauna of Svalbard is an “impoverished” fauna of the 

Norwegian coast, especially the northern counties. However, this should be investigated in 

more detail by comparing these lists systematically. This will be one of the recommendations 

for future work. 

24 

1.1 

5 

3.1 

5

A common “myth” when comparing the fauna on the northern/eastern and the 

southern/western side of Svalbard is that the northern and eastern side have less species and 

perhaps lower diversities due to the colder bottom temperatures. Such trends cannot be 

observed in the present data. 

This is indicated in Fig. 10, where the main zones are compared, and is especially supported 

when taking the number of stations in each zone into account (zone 1:459 stations; zone 

2:324 stations; zone 3:100; zone 4:122 stations; zone 5:85 and zone 6:89 stations). It is, 

however, interesting to note that Bear Island (zone 5) has a relatively low number of species, 

supporting the earlier mentioned hypothesis that this area has special conditions due to the 

strong tidal currents. 


1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 

Main zones 

Fig. 10. Number of taxa in the six main zones. 1 = western Svalbard (excluding Bear Island), 

2 = north of Svalbard, 3 = east of Svalbard, 4 = south of Svalbard, 5 = Bear island, 6 = Jan 

Mayen. 

A general trend is that the species numbers are reduced in the fjords compared to the coastal 

areas, a phenomena most often explained by the high proportion of silt in the fjords of 

Svalbard (Fig. 11). 

Number of taxa 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 

Number of records 

25 

Fjord zones 

Coast zones 

Log. (Fjord zones) 

Log. (Coast zones)

Fig. 11. Trend-lines - fjord/coast. 

A key question in an investigation such as the present one is “have enough data been 

collected to carry out a geographical analysis?”, i.e. to give meaningful answers to the 

questions asked. An indication may perhaps be given by looking at the number of taxa 

collected from the literature in each of the zones, and comparing them with the data collected 

on the recent diving-investigations and the cruises in 1995, 1996 and 1997 (Fig. 12). The 

comparison shows that the information collected during diving and on the cruises amount to a 

considerable input to some of the zones. Totally, 1977 taxa were recorded from the literature, 

and the additional number of taxa from the diving stations and cruises were respectively 67 

and 198. As the number of taxa in some zones still is relatively low, collections has still to be 

done in these zones. However, at present this may be a problem as parts of these zones are 

less accessible with research vessels. 

Number of taxa 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

from literature 

Zones 

from diving investigation from cruises 

Fig. 12. Taxa collected from the literature, and additional taxa from diving stations and 

cruises 1995-1997. 

2.5 

26 

2.6 

2.7 

2.8 

2.9 

3.1 

4.1 

4.2 

5 

6

RECOMMENDATIONS 

1. Compare the data from Svalbard and Jan Mayen with data from other areas, especially the 

Norwegian coast. 

2. Supply the database with additional data: 

- from areas (zones) where few data are available 

- physical data (bottom types/sediments, hydrography) 

The preliminary statistical analyses of data, especially community-analysis/cluster-analysis 

indicate that additional data would give more information. 

3. Evaluate the importance of long-term changes in selected areas (importance of suspected 

community-changes due to change in ocean-climate). 

4. Pin-point areas with unique fauna in the Svalbard area. Much can be done with the present 

data. (Will give information about areas of special interest.) 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

We would like to thank the following institutions and persons: 

Financial support: The Directorate for Nature Management, the University Courses of 

Svalbard (UNIS), the University of Tromsø, Akvaplan-niva and the Norwegian Polar 

Institute. 

Logistic support: Divemaster Bjørnar Seim (University of Tromsø) and the crews of the 

research vessels «Johan Ruud», «Jan Mayen» and «Lance». 

Scientific advice and/or permission to use unpublished data: Professor Torleif Holthe 

(University of Trondheim), professor Jan Rueness (University of Oslo), professor Wim Vader 

(University of Tromsø) and Dr. Tom Pearson (Akvaplan-niva). 

We would also like to thank B.Sc. Sabine Cochrane (Akvaplan-niva) for a useful review and 

linguistic improvement of the manuscript, and Claudia Wolter (University of Goettingen) for 

assistance with the literature search. 

27

REFERENCES 

Brattegard, T. & J.H. Fosså 1991. Replicability of an epibenthic sampler. - J. mar. biol. Ass. 

UK. 71:153-166. 

Brattegard, T. & T. Holthe 1997. Distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms in 

Norway. - Research Report for DN 1997-1. Directorate for Nature Management. 409 

pp. 

Gabrielsen, G.W., B. Brekke, I.G. Alsos & J.R. Hansen 1997. Natur-og Kulturmiljøet på Jan 

Mayen. - Norsk Polarinstitutt. Medd. 144:1-127. 

Gulliksen, B. 1974. Marine investigations at Jan Mayen in 1972. - Det Kgl. norske 

Videnskabers Selskab Museet. Micellanea 19-1974. 46 pp. 

Gulliksen, B. 1979. Shallow water benthic fauna from Bear Island. - Astarte 12:5-12. 

Gulliksen, B., T. Haug & O.K. Sandnes 1980 Benthic macrofauna on new and old lava 

grounds at Jan Mayen. - Sarsia 65: 137-148. 

Sneli, J.-A. 1998. A simple benthic sledge for shallow and deep-sea sampling. - Sarsia 83:69- 

72 

28

Appendix 1. Definition and borders between the geographical 

zones of Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. 

Zone 0: Undefined Svalbard. 

This «zone» is used when no co-ordinates or specified locality are given for the reported 

species/taxa-record in the literature. 

Zone 1: Western coast of Svalbard. 

1.1. Continental shelf areas along the western coast of Spitsbergen excluding the fjords. 

Border towards north: straight line from the northenmost point of Amsterdamøya 

towards 80 ° N, 10° E. Southern border: the southernmost point of Sørkapp and straight 

south to 74° N. 

1.2. Hornsund inside the line Palffyodden - Worcesterpynten. 

1.3. Bellsund, Van Mijenfjord, Van Keulenfjord and Recherchefjorden inside the line Kapp 

Lyell - Kapp Martin. 

1.4. Isfjorden inside the line Kapp Linné (Isfjord Radio) - Salpynten including 

Forlandssundet south of Sarstangen. 

1.5. Kongsfjorden inside line Fuglehuken - Kapp Mitra including Forlandssundet north of 

Sarstangen. 

Zone 2: northern coast of Svalbard. 

2.1. Continental shelf areas off the northern coast of Spitsbergen from 10° E to 

Hinlopenrenna exclusive Raudfjorden, Liefdefjorden/Woodfjorden and Wijdefjorden. 

2.2. Continental shelf areas off the northern coast of Nordaustlandet and areas east of 

Hinlopenrenna to 35° E. The southern border east of Nordaustlandet is 80° N. The fjord 

complexes Lady Franklinfjorden/Brennevinsfjorden, Nordenskiöldbukta/Rijpfjorden and 

Duvefjorden are not included in zone 2.2. 

2.3. Raudfjorden inside line Flathuken - Jermaktangen. 

2.4. Liefdefjorden and Woodfjorden inside the line Velkomstpynten - Gråhuken. 

2.5. Wijdefjorden inside the line Gråhuken - Verlegenhuken. 

2.6. The Hinlopen stretet. Border between the northern line Verlegenhuken - 

Langgrunnodden and the southern line Kapp Payer - Vibebukta. 

2.7. Franklinsundet/ Lady Franklinfjorden/ Brennevinsfjorden. Border towards north inside 

the line Langgrunnodden - Purchaneset - Svartneset. 

29

2.8. Nordenskiöldbukta and Rijpfjorden. Border towards north inside the line Nordkapp - 

Kapp Platen. 

2.9. Duvefjorden. Border towards north inside the line: Kapp Platen - northern Repøya. 

Zone 3: eastern coast of Svalbard. 

3.1. Continental shelf areas east of Edgeøya and Nordaustlandet. Border towards west: a line 

from Kapp Thor at Hopen - Halvmåneøya - eastern coastline of Edgeøya and Barentsøya 

to Kapp Payer - to Nordaustlandet at Vibebukta. Border towards north: 80° N. 

Zone 4: southern coasts of Svalbard . 

4.1. Outer Storfjord. Border south of a line from the southern tip of Sørkapp to Kvalpynten at 

Edgeøya. 

4.2. Inner Storfjord including Freemansundet. Border north of a line between the southern tip 

of Sørkapp to Kvalpynten at Egdeøya. 

Zone 5. Bear Island. 

Continental shelf areas 

Zone 6. Jan Mayen Island . 

Continental shelf areas 

30

Appendix 2. List of literature with information from the 

geographical areas. 

References marked with an X are examined and relevant information is included in the 

database. 

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X Appelløf, A. 1915. Die Pycnogoniden des Eisfjords. - Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens 

Handlingar. 54(5):1-29. 

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der übrigen bisher bekannten Arten dieser Familie. - Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für 

Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere. Supplement. 9:1-308. 

X Aschan, M. 1988. The effect of Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) dredging at Jan Mayen and in the 

Spitsbergen area. - ICES C.M. 1988/ K:16. 

X Aschan, M., E.M. Nilssen, L.H. Ofstad & S. Torheim 1996. Catch statistics and life history of shrimp, 

Pandalus borealis, in the Jan Mayen area. - ICES Shellfish Committee. CM1996/K:11. 

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Nephtys-Arten und deren epitoken Formen. - Arch. Naturgesch. 78. Abt. A (10). 

X Augener, H. 1928. Die Polychaeten von Spitzbergen. - Fauna Arctica. 5(3):647-834. 

Augener, H. 1929. Erganzung zu den Polychaeten von Spitzbergen. - Zool. Anz. 84(1):24-34. 

X Becher, E. 1886. Mollusken. - Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882/83 Österreichische Polarstation Jan 

Mayen. 3(4):67-82. 

Bidenkap, O. 1897. Bryozoen von Ostspitzbergen. - Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, 

Geographie und Biologie der Tiere. 10(1897). 

X Bidenkap, O. 1900. I. Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und König-Karls-Land. - Fauna Arctica. 

1(3):503-540. 

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Bryozoën. - Wissensch. Meeresuntersuchungen. (N.F.). 4:249-263. 

Birula, A. 1906. Zoologische Ergebnisse der russischen Expedition nach Spitzbergen. Crustacea - 

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X Bjerkan, P. 1905. Ascidien von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer "Michael Sars" in dem Jahren 1900- 

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X Bonnevie, K. 1896. Ascidiae Simplices og Ascidiae Compositeae fra Expeditionen. The Norwegian North- 

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Mayen. Unpubl. MS. 

31

Breitfuss, L.L. 1898. Die Kalkschwammfauna von Spitzbergen. - Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für 

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X Broch, H. 1904. Die von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer "Michael Sars" in den Jahren 1900-1902 in 

dem Nordmeer gesammelten Hydroiden. - Bergens Museums Aarbok 1903. (9):1-14. 

X Broch, H. 1910. Die Hydroiden der arktischen Meere. - Fauna Arctica. 5(1):127-248. 

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32

X Danielssen, D. C. 1892a. Crinoida - The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876-1878, 5:1-28, 5 pl. 

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42

Appendix 3. Species list of organisms. 

Zone-numbers refers to numbers in Fig 2 and Appendix 1. Numbers within each zone denotes 

numbers of records within the area. 

PHAEOPHYTA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Alaria esculenta 1 3 2 1 1 

Alaria grandifolia 1 1 

Ascophyllum nodusum 1 

Botrytella micromora 1 

Botrytella reinboldii 1 

Chorda filum 1 1 1 

Chorda tomentosa 1 1 1 

Chordaria flagelliformis 1 1 1 1 

Climacosorus mediterranus 1 

Delamarea attenuata 1 

Dermatocelis laminariae 1 

Desmarestia aculeata 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Desmarestia viridis 1 1 1 1 1 

Dictyosiphon chordaria 1 1 

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus 1 1 

Ectocarpus siliculosus 1 

Elachista fuciola 1 1 1 

Elachista stellaris 1 

Eudesme virescenc 1 

Feldmannia irregularis 1 

Fucus ceranoides 1 

Fucus disticus 1 1 2 

Fucus evanescens 1 

Fucus serratus 1 1 

Fucus vesiculosus 1 

Gononema aecidioides 1 

Gononema alarie 1 

Halopteris scoparia 1 

Halosiphon tomentosus 1 

Haplospora globosa 1 

Hincksia ovata 1 

Isthmoplea spaerophora 1 

Laminaria digitata 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Laminaria hyperborea 1 

Laminaria saccharina 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Laminaria solidungula 1 1 

Laminariocolax tomentosoides 1 

Leptonematella fasciculata 1 

Myrionema corunnae 1 

Myrionema strangulans 1 

Myriotrichia clavaeformis 1 

Omphalophyllum ulvaceum 1 1 

Petalonia fascia 1 

Petalonia zosterifolia 1 

Petroderma maculiforme 1 

Phaeostroma parasiticum 1 

Phaeostroma pustulosum 1 

Pilayella littoralis 1 1 1 1 

Pilayella varia 1 

Pleurocladia lacustris 1 

Pseudolithoderma extensum 1 

Pseudolithoderma rosenvingii 1 

Punctaria latifolia 1 

Punctaria tenuissima 1 

Ralfsia clavata 1 

Saccorhiza dermatodea 1 1 1 1 

Saundersella simplex 1 

43

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Scytosiphon lomentaria 1 1 

Sorocarpus micromorus 1 

Sphacelaria arctica 1 

Sphacelaria plumosa 1 1 1 1 1 

Sphacelaria radicans 1 

Sphaerotrichia divaricata 1 

Stictyosiphon tortilis 1 

Strangularia clavata 1 

Records 61 12 0 5 15 5 0 0 0 2 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 

RHODOPHYTA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acrochaetium microscopicum 1 

Ahnfeltia plicata 1 

Audouinella efflorescens 1 

Audouinella hallandicum 1 

Audouinella membranacea 1 1 1 

Audouinella parvulum 1 

Audouinella purpurea 1 1 1 

Callocolax neglectus 1 

Callophyllis cristata 1 1 1 1 

Ceramium circinatum 1 

Ceramium nodulosum 1 

Ceratocolax hartzii 1 

Clathromorphum compactum 1 

Coccotylus truncata 1 

Cystoclonium purpureum 1 

Delesseria rossica 1 

Devaleraea ramentacea 1 2 1 

Dilsea carnosa 1 

Dilsea integra 1 

Dumontia contorta 1 

Fimbriofolium dicotomum 1 

Furcellaria lumbricalis 1 

Halosacciocolax kjellmanii 1 

Halosaccion arcticum 1 

Hildenbrandia rubra 1 

Leptophytum laeve 1 

Lithophyllum crouanii 1 

Lithophyllum fasciculatum 1 

Lithothamnion glaciale 1 1 

Lithothamnion tophiforme 1 

Mastocarpus stellatus 1 

Meiodiscus spetsbergensis 1 

Membranoptera alata 1 

Mesophyllum lichenoides 1 

Odonthalia dentata 1 

Palmaria palmata 1 1 1 

Pantoneura baerii 1 

Phycodrys rubens 1 2 

Phyllophora truncata 1 1 

Pneophyllum fragile 1 

Polysiphonia arctica 1 1 1 1 

Polysiphonia elongata 1 

Polysiphonia fucoides 1 

Polysiphonia lanosa 1 

Polysiphonia nigra 1 

Polysiphonia stricta 1 

Porphyra amplissima 1 

Porphyra miniata 1 

Ptilota gunneri 1 

Ptilota serrata 1 

Rhodomela confervoides 1 1 

Rhodomela lycopodioides 1 1 

Rhodophycema georgii 1 

44

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Scagelia pylasaei 1 1 

Titanoderma pustulatum 1 

Turnerella pennyi 1 2 3 

Records 55 4 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 

CHLOROPHYTA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acrochaete repens 1 

Acrochaete viridis 1 

Acrosiphonia incurva 1 

Acrosiphonia sonderi 1 

Blindingia marginata 1 

Blindingia minima 1 1 

Blindingia subsalsa 1 

Bolbocoleon piliferum 1 

Capsosiphon groenlandicum 1 

Chaetomorpha mediterranea 1 

Chaetomorpha melagonium 1 2 1 

Cladophora fracta 1 

Cladophora hutchinsiae 1 

Cladophora laetevirens 1 

Enteromorpha intestinalis 1 1 2 

Enteromorpha prolifera 1 1 

Entocladia flustracae 1 

Kornmannia leptoderma 1 

Monostroma obscurum 1 

Ostreobium queckettii 1 

Percursaria percursa 1 

Prasiola crispa 1 

Pringsheimiella scutata 1 

Pseudendoclonium submarinum 1 

Rhizoclonium pachydermum 1 

Rhizoclonium tortuosum 1 

Rosenvingiella polyrhiza 1 

Spongomorpha aeruginosa 1 1 

Spongomorpha arcta 1 

Spongomorpha centralis 1 

Spongomorpha flagellata 1 

Spongomorpha sonderi 1 

Ulothrix flacca 1 1 

Ulothrix implexa 1 

Ulothrix speciosa 1 

Ulothrix subflaccida 1 

Ulva crassa 1 

Ulvaria obscura 1 

Ulvella lens 1 

Urospora elaongata 1 

Urospora pencilliformis 1 1 

Urospora wormskioldii 1 

Records 38 4 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 

45

PORIFERA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Amphoriscus glacialis 1 1 

Anchinoe dendyi 1 

Anchinoe roemeri 1 1 

Artemisina apollinis 1 1 1 

Artemisina arcigera 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 

Asbestopluma bihamatifera 1 2 

Asbestopluma pennatula 1 2 

Biemna capillifera 1 

Biemna gemmulifera 1 

Biemna groenlandica 1 

Biemna peachii 1 

Bubaris vermiculata 1 1 

Chalina arbuscula 1 

Chalina groenlandica 1 

Cladorhiza abyssicola 1 

Cladorhiza gelida 1 

Cladorhiza oxeata 1 

Cladorhiza tenuisigma 1 

Clathrina coriacea 1 1 1 1 

Coelosphaera physa 1 

Crella pyrula 2 1 

Crellomina derma 1 

Crellomina imparidens 1 

Crellomina incrustans 1 

Dysidea avara 1 

Echinoclathria foliata 1 

Ectyodoryx (?) oligacantha 1 1 

Ectyodoryx olgae 1 

Esperiopsis forcipula 1 

Esperiopsis palmata 1 

Esperiopsis typichela 1 

Esperiopsis villosa 1 

Eumastia sitiens 1 1 1 1 

Eurypon spitzbergensis 1 

Forcepia fabricans 1 

Gelliodes plexa 1 

Gellius angulatus 1 

Gellius arcticus 2 

Gellius porosus 1 1 

Gellius varius 1 

Geodia barretti 2 1 1 1 

Grantia arctica 2 

Grantia capillosa 1 2 

Grantia compressa 1 1 4 2 20 

Grantia utriculus 3 

Halichondria fibrosa 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Halichondria genitrix 1 

Halichondria heterorhaphis 1 

Halichondria labiata 1 

Halichondria panicea 1 1 2 1 3 37 1 

Halichondria velamentosa 1 

Haliclona cinerea 1 1 

Haliclona laxa 1 1 1 1 

Haliclona tromsoeica 1 

Haliclona tubulosa 1 1 3 1 1 4 

Haliclona urceolus 1 

Haliclona ventilabrum 1 

Halicnemia verticillata 1 

Halisarca dujardini 1 

Hamacantha implicans 1 

Hemigellius arcoferus 1 

Hexadella dedritifera 1 

Hymedesmia derjugini 1 

Hymedesmia dermata 1 

Hymedesmia mammilaris 1 

46

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Hymedesmia rhodus 1 

Hymedesmia truncata 1 

Hymeniacidon fasciculata 2 

Hymeniacidon perlevis 1 1 1 

Iophon cilis 1 1 

Iophon dubius 1 1 3 2 

Iophon frigidus 1 1 

Iophon piceus 1 1 

Iotrochota rotulancora 1 

Isodictya cf. palmata 2 3 

Isodictya flabelliformis 1 

Isops phlegraei 2 

Latrunculia tricincta 1 

Leuconia egedii 1 2 

Leucosolenia canariensis 4 

Leucosolenia complicata 1 

Leucosolenia variabilis 1 2 

Lissodendoryx complicata 1 

Lissodendoryx diversichela 1 

Lissodendoryx indistincta 1 1 3 

Lissodendoryx lundbecki 1 

Lissodendoryx sophia 1 

Melonanchora emphysema 1 

Metschnikowia spinispiculum 1 

Mycale lingua 1 1 1 2 

Mycale ovulum 1 2 

Mycale placoides 1 

Myxilla brunnea 1 1 1 

Myxilla fimbriata 1 

Myxilla flabelliformis 1 1 

Myxilla incrustans 4 2 1 1 1 3 2 

Myxilla perspinosa 1 2 

Myxilla rosacea 1 

Pachychalina caulifera 1 

Pachychalina fracta 1 

Pachymatisma johnstonia 1 

Pericharax polejaevi 1 1 

Phakellia arctica 3 2 

Phakellia bowerbanki 1 2 1 3 

Phakellia cribrosa 2 

Phakellia rugosa 1 

Phakellia ventilabrum 1 

Phloeodictyon irregulare 1 

Plocamia lundbecki 1 

Plocamionida ambigua 1 1 

Polymastia mammilaris 2 1 2 1 1 1 

Polymastia mammilaris 

hyperborea 

1 1 

Polymastia robusta 1 

Polymastia uberrima 4 2 2 1 

Psammopemma finmarchica 1 

Pseudosuberites carnosus 1 

Pseudosuberites hyalinus 1 

Quasillina brevis 2 

Quasillina richardi 1 

Reniera glacialis 1 1 

Reniera heterofibrosa 1 

Reniera spitzbergensis 1 

Rhaphidotheca arctica 1 

Rhizaxinella schaudinni 1 

Schaudinnia arctica 2 

Scypha ciliata 1 1 2 1 1 7 7 

Scyphidium septentrionale 3 

Sidonops mesotriaena 2 

Siphonochalina mollicula 2 

Sphaerotylus borealis 1 

Sphaerotylus schoenus 1 

47

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Stelletta rhaphidiophora 1 2 

Stryphnus fortis 1 

Stylaxia variabilis 1 2 6 6 

Stylocordyla borealis 1 1 

Suberites crelloides 2 

Suberites ficus 1 

Suberites luetkeni 1 1 3 

Suberites montiniger 1 2 2 1 1 1 

Sycon raphanus 3 1 

Tedania suctoria 1 1 1 1 

Tentorium semisuberites 1 1 2 5 1 4 

Tethya polyura 1 

Tethya sibirica 1 

Tethyopsilla zetlandica 1 

Tetilla cranium 1 1 

Tetilla infrequens 1 1 

Thenea levis 1 

Thenea valdiviae 1 2 2 1 

Tragosia sluiteri 1 

Trichasterina borealis 2 

Trichostemma grimaldi 1 

Trichostemma haemisphaericum 1 

Tylodesma rosea 2 1 

Vosmaeria crustacea 1 

Records 75 25 1 0 16 7 12 37 0 3 1 20 0 1 0 25 15 10 13 23 

CNIDARIA 

Hydrozoa (CNIDARIA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Abietinaria abietina 1 3 1 4 1 1 

Abietinaria filicula 1 

Abietinaria pulchra 2 

Aglantha digitale 1 2 

Aglaophenopsis compressa 1 

Bougavilla superciliaris 1 1 

Calycella syringa 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 1 3 

Campanularia crenata 2 

Campanularia hincksii 1 3 

Campanularia speciosa 1 

Campanularia volubilis 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 3 

Candelabrum phrygium 1 1 

Catablema vesicarium 1 1 

Cladocarpus dubius 1 1 

Cladocarpus formosus 1 

Clava nudum 2 1 1 

Clytia gracilis 1 

Clytia hemisphaerica 1 1 1 

Corymorpha arctica 1 

Corymorpha glacialis 1 

Corymorpha groenlandica 2 1 

Corymorpha nutans 1 

Corymorpha purpurea 1 

Coryne pusilla 1 

Diphasia attenuata 2 

Diphasia fallax 1 1 1 

Diphasia thujarioides 1 

Diphyes arctica 1 1 1 

Dymella laxa 2 1 1 3 1 

Eudendrium annulatum 1 1 1 1 5 

Eudendrium capillare 1 2 3 

Eudendrium insigne 3 

48

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Eudendrium rameum 1 1 1 1 2 1 

Eudendrium ramosum 3 

Eudendrium tenellum 1 1 

Eudendrium vaginatum 1 1 

Euphysa flammea 1 1 

Filellum expansum 1 

Filellum serpens 1 2 4 1 3 

Gonothyraea loveni 1 1 1 4 5 1 

Grammaria abietina 1 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 4 

Grammaria immersa 1 5 2 1 1 

Halecium beanii 1 1 

Halecium corrugatum 1 

Halecium curvicaule 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 4 

Halecium halecinum 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 

Halecium irregulare 3 

Halecium kuekenthali 1 1 

Halecium labrosum 1 1 3 2 1 

Halecium minutum 1 1 1 

Halecium muricatum 1 1 1 9 1 2 9 2 2 5 1 

Halecium ornatum 1 1 

Halecium septentrionale 1 1 

Halecium tenellum 4 

Halicornia compressa 1 

Halitholus yoldiaarcticae 1 2 

Hybocodon prolifer 1 

Hydractinia allmanii 1 

Hydractinia carica 1 2 1 

Hydractinia echinata 4 

Hydractinia monocarpa 1 1 2 1 1 

Hydrallmania falcata 2 

Lafoea dumosa 4 11 1 4 5 12 1 4 4 3 

Lafoea grandis grandis 2 1 

Lafoeina maxima 1 10 1 5 1 4 1 7 1 8 7 

Lafoeina tenuis 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 

Leuckartiara abyssi 2 1 2 

Modeeria rotunda 1 1 

Monobrachium parasitum 1 3 1 

Nemertesia antennina 1 1 

Obelia dichotoma 1 1 1 

Obelia geniculata 1 3 

Obelia longissima 1 1 2 1 

Orthophyxis integra 2 2 5 1 1 3 

Pantachogon haeckeli 1 

Perigonimus yoldiaearcticae 1 

Plumularia variabilis 1 

Podocoryne carnea 1 1 1 

Rhizocaulus verticillatus 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 

Sarsia brachygaster 1 

Sarsia princeps 1 

Sarsia tubulosa 2 

Schizotricha polaris 1 

Schizotricha variabilis 1 

Sertularella gaudichaudi 1 

Sertularella pinnata 3 

Sertularella polyzonias 1 1 1 3 2 2 

Sertularella rugosa 3 

Sertularella tenella 2 1 1 

Sertularia albimaris 2 

Sertularia fabricii 2 

Sertularia mirabilis 1 2 1 3 

Sertularia tenera 1 1 2 2 3 3 

Staurostoma mertensii 2 

Stegopoma plicatile 1 2 6 2 1 

Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 6 3 1 5 6 

Tetrapoma quadridentata 2 1 1 1 

Thuiaria arctica 1 1 3 

49

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Thuiaria articulata 2 1 2 

Thuiaria carica 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Thuiaria cupressoides 2 

Thuiaria decemserialis 2 

Thuiaria obsoleta 1 1 3 

Thuiaria thuja 1 

Thuiaria variabilis 1 

Tiaropsis multicirrata 1 

Toichopoma obliqua 1 4 1 1 

Tubularia christinae 1 

Tubularia cornucopia 1 

Tubularia indivisa 2 

Tubularia larynx 1 

Tubularia regalis 1 1 9 4 1 

Records 67 21 3 7 19 5 2 17 2 1 3 22 0 1 1 39 25 27 38 31 

Scyphozoa (CNIDARIA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Aeginopsis laurentii 1 1 

Cyanea capillata 2 1 1 1 

Depastrum cyathiforme 2 

Diphyes bipartita 1 

Haliclystus auricula 1 3 1 11 1 

Lucernaria haeckeli 2 

Lucernaria infundibulum 2 

Lucernaria quadricornis 1 2 1 1 1 

Lucernaria walteri 2 

Ptychogastria polaris 1 3 1 1 3 2 

Records 7 0 0 0 1 2 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 0 4 1 0 

Anthozoa (CNIDARIA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acthelmis schaudinnii 1 

Actinia equina 2 1 

Allantactis parasitica 1 1 2 1 2 1 

Anthosactis janmayeni 1 

Arachnactis albida 1 

Bunodactis spetzbergensis 2 

Bunodactis stella 2 

Cactosoma abyssorum 1 

Capnella florida 1 6 1 1 1 

Capnella glomerata 3 3 1 3 2 

Cerianthus lloydi 3 1 

Clavularia alba 1 

Clavularia arctica 1 

Cribrinopsis similis 2 

Drifa hyalina 1 

Edwardsia andresi 1 

Edwardsia arctica 1 1 

Edwardsia finmarchica 1 

Edwardsia vitrea 2 

Epizoanthus beerenislandicus 2 1 

Epizoanthus danielsseni 2 1 

Epizoanthus erdmanni 2 1 

Epizoanthus glacialis 1 1 

Epizoanthus norvegicus 1 

Eunephthya fruticosa 7 11 3 1 5 1 2 1 1 

Gersemia glomerata 1 

Gersemia rubiformis 23 1 28 1 17 15 38 1 41 2 76 1 8 

Gersemia uvaeformis 1 1 

50

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Gersemiopsis arctica 1 

Glandulactis spetsbergensis 2 1 1 1 2 1 

Halcampa arctica 1 20 3 1 

Haliactis arctica 1 1 

Hormathia digitata 6 1 6 9 16 6 1 7 14 7 1 4 1 1 

Hormathia nodosa 11 1 29 58 1 11 1 5 9 47 3 10 21 26 38 1 

Isozoanthus bulbosus 2 

Kadosactis spitzbergensis 1 

Liponema multicornis 1 1 

Nematostella nathorsti 2 

Nematostella polaris 2 

Nephthya flavescens 1 

Organidus nordenskjoeldi 1 

Pachycerianthus multiplicatus 2 9 5 

Paraspongodes caduca 1 

Paraspongodes capitata 1 

Paraspongodes globosa 1 1 2 10 4 

Paraspongodes luetkeni 1 3 1 4 

Paraspongodes rubra 1 1 2 

Pycnanthus densus 1 

Sagartia troglodytes 3 1 3 9 6 

Sideractis glacialis 1 

Stomphia coccinea 1 1 1 1 

Stomphia polaris 2 1 1 

Umbellula encrinus 1 1 

Urticina crassicornis 2 1 

Urticina equees 1 

Urticina felina 36 6 112 72 15 29 26 9 10 22 4 16 27 30 53 28 2 

Virgularia tuberculata 2 1 

Records 31 16 0 5 13 4 6 10 2 6 6 7 2 7 6 13 4 9 16 12 

CTENOPHORA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Beroe cucumis 1 1 1 2 1 1 

Bolinopsis infundibulum 1 1 1 2 1 

Mertensia ovum 1 1 1 1 1 

Pleurobrachia pileus 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Records 3 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 2 

NEMERTINI 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Amphiporus fabricii 1 

Amphiporus groenlandicus 2 3 2 2 

Cerebratulus barentsi 1 1 1 

Cerebratulus fuscus 1 1 1 1 

Cerebratulus marginatus 2 4 

Cryptonemertes actinophila 1 

Emplectonema incompta 1 

Micrura purpurea 1 

Nemertopsella actinophila 1 1 1 2 1 

Nipponnemertes pulcher 1 

Tubulanus annulatus 1 1 

Records 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 2 0 1 0 

51

NEMATODA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Anoplostoma gracile 2 

Enoplus communis 1 

Enoplus edentatus 2 

Spilophora punctata 1 

Thoracostoma denticaudatum 1 1 

Records 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 

KAMPTOZOA (Entoprocta) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Barentsia major 1 

Barentsia variarticulata 1 

Loxosoma phascolosomata 1 

Pedicellina gracilis 1 

Records 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

PRIAPULIDA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Halicryptus spinulosus 1 2 1 2 1 

Priapulopsis bicaudatus 3 1 1 1 1 1 

Priapulus caudatus 2 2 8 2 1 1 4 3 2 

Records 1 3 1 1 3 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 0 

ECHIURIDA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Hamingia arctica 3 1 

Records 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 

SIPUNCULIDA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Nephasoma eremita 1 1 1 1 1 

Nephasoma lilljeborgii 1 

Phascolion strombus 1 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 

Golfingia glacialis 1 

Golfingia margaritacea 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 2 1 

Nephasoma minutum 1 4 1 

Records 1 2 0 0 2 1 2 4 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 5 3 2 0 2 

52

ANNELIDA 

Polychaeta (ANNELIDA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Abyssoninoe hibernica 1 

Acanthicolepis asperrima 1 

Aglaophamus malmgreni 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 4 6 1 4 

Amage auricula 1 1 1 1 

Amagopsis klugei 1 

Ampharete acutifrons 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 

Ampharete baltica 2 

Ampharete falcata 1 

Ampharete finmarchica 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 8 2 1 6 

Ampharete goesi 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 

Ampharete lindstroemi 1 1 

Ampharete vega 2 2 

Amphicteis gunneri 2 1 2 4 1 1 3 1 2 

Amphicteis sundevalli 1 1 1 2 

Amphitrite cirrata 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 5 3 2 1 

Anobothrus gracilis 1 1 3 1 1 3 

Antinoella badia 1 1 1 

Antinoella sarsi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 

Apistobranchus tullbergi 1 

Arenicola marina 1 

Aricidea hartmanni 3 

Artacama proboscidea 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 

Augeneria algida 2 

Autolytus prismaticus 1 1 1 

Autolytus prolifer 1 1 

Autolytus verrilli 1 2 

Axionice flexuosa 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 

Axionice maculata 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 9 2 4 

Baffinia hesslei 2 

Bathyfauvelia affinis 2 1 

Brada granulosa 2 

Brada incrustata 2 

Brada inhabilis 1 4 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 8 1 7 

Brada rugosa 2 

Brada villosa 1 1 1 2 5 1 2 2 6 1 6 

Branchiomma infarcta 1 1 1 1 2 28 3 

Bushiella evoluta 1 

Bushiella verruca 2 3 1 

Bylgides annenkovae 2 1 1 

Bylgides elegans 2 

Bylgides promamme 2 

Capitella capitata 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 

Chaetozone abranchiata 1 

Chaetozone setosa 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 

Chirimia biceps 1 1 1 1 

Chitinopoma groenlandica 1 

Chitinopoma serrula 1 1 

Chone duneri 1 1 2 1 

Chone infundibuliformis 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 10 

Chone paucibranchiata 5 2 

Circeis spirillum 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 

Cirratulus cirratus 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Cirrophorus branchiatus 1 

Clymenura polaris 5 1 

Cossura longocirrata 2 1 2 

Diplocirrus glaucus 1 1 1 

Diplocirrus hirsutus 1 1 6 1 

Diplocirrus longisetosus 2 

Dorvillea ? roemeri 1 

Dorvillea rubrovittata 1 

Dysponetus pygmaeus 1 1 

Eclysippe vanelli 1 

53

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Eteone arctica 2 

Eteone barbata 1 

Eteone flava 1 1 1 

Eteone flava/longa 6 

Eteone longa 1 1 1 1 3 1 

Eteone spetsbergensis 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Euchone analis 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Euchone elegans 1 1 

Euchone papillosa 1 1 1 3 3 

Euchone rubella 2 2 

Euchone rubrocincta 1 

Euclymene affinis 1 

Euclymene droebachiensis 1 

Eucranta villosa 1 1 

Eulalia bilineata 1 

Eulalia hanssoni 2 

Eulalia viridis 1 

Eumida arctica 1 

Eumida sanguinea 1 

Eunice norvegica 1 

Eunice pennata 2 

Eunoe nodosa 1 2 1 

Eunoe oerstedi 1 1 

Euphrosine borealis 1 

Eupolymnia nesidensis 1 1 

Eusyllis blomstrandi 1 2 1 

Eusyllis monilicornis 1 1 1 

Fabricia stellaris 2 1 1 

Filograna implexa 2 1 

Flabelligera affinis 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 7 3 1 

Gattyana amondseni 1 1 

Gattyana cirrhosa 1 1 1 2 1 3 

Glycera alba 1 

Glycera capitata 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 

Glyphanostomum pallescens 1 2 1 3 1 1 

Harmothoe alba 1 

Harmothoe aspera 1 1 1 2 2 

Harmothoe borealis 2 

Harmothoe fragilis 1 1 2 5 1 3 

Harmothoe glabra 1 1 2 

Harmothoe globifera 1 1 

Harmothoe imbricata 1 2 1 6 1 1 2 1 

Harmothoe nodosa 3 5 1 3 3 9 2 3 

Heteromastus filiformis 2 6 1 1 6 

Hyalinoecia tubicola 2 

Hydroides norvegicus 7 1 

Jasmineira schaudinni 1 

Jugaria granulata 1 2 

Jugaria quadrangularis 2 

Jugaria similis 2 

Laetmonice filicornis 1 

Lagisca rarispina 1 1 1 2 2 3 

Lanassa nordenskioeldi 1 2 1 2 1 1 

Lanassa venusta 1 1 1 

Langerhansia cornuta 1 1 4 2 

Laonice cirrata 3 2 3 1 3 1 1 6 1 2 

Laonice sarsi 1 

Laonome kroeyeri 1 1 1 

Laphania boecki 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 

Leaena ebranchiata 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 

Lepidonotus squamatus 1 2 1 

Levinsenia gracilis 1 2 1 3 1 

Lumbriclymene minor 2 1 

Lumbrineris impatiens 1 

Lysippe labiata 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 8 2 3 

Macellicephala longipalpa 2 

54

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Macellicephala violacea 2 1 

Maldane sarsi 4 7 3 2 4 3 1 3 2 2 2 11 2 7 

Malmgreniella arenicolae 2 

Malmgreniella lunulata 1 

Marenzelleria wireni 1 

Melaenis loveni 1 1 

Melinna cristata 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 3 4 

Melythasides laubieri 3 

Myriochele danielsseni 1 

Myriochele fragilis 2 1 

Myriochele heeri 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 7 1 3 

Myriochele oculata 5 1 1 1 2 2 7 2 3 

Mystides caeca 1 

Myxicola infundibulum 1 

Myzostomum giganteum 1 

Naineris quadricuspida 1 1 1 2 

Nemidia torelli 1 1 1 1 1 

Neoamphitrite affinis 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 

Neoamphitrite groenlandica 1 1 2 

Nephtys ciliata 2 6 1 1 2 3 1 1 11 1 3 7 

Nephtys paradoxa 1 1 1 4 10 2 

Nephtys pente 1 1 

Nereimyra aphroditoides 1 1 1 1 

Nereimyra arctica 2 

Nereimyra punctata 1 1 1 1 

Nereis pelagica 6 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 5 

Nereis zonata 2 3 2 1 1 6 1 4 1 

Nicolea venustula 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 

Nicolea zostericola 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Nicomache lumbricalis 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 

Nicomache minor 1 

Nicomache quadrispinata 1 1 

Nothria conchylega 3 3 5 1 5 1 2 

Notomastus latericeus 1 1 

Notoproctus oculatus 1 1 1 

Notoproctus oculatus var. arctica 1 1 1 

Ophelia borealis 1 1 1 1 1 

Ophelina abranchiata 2 

Ophelina acuminata 1 2 1 5 7 4 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 

Ophelina cylindricaudata 1 1 1 

Ophelina helgolandia 1 

Ophelina opisthobranchiata 1 

Ophryotrocha puerilis 1 

Owenia fusiformis 1 2 1 3 5 

Paractius littoralis 1 

Paradexiospira violacea 1 1 1 1 

Paradexiospira vitrea 1 1 1 1 

Paradoneis lyra 2 

Paramphinome jeffreysii 2 

Paramphitrite birulai 1 1 1 

Paranaitis aff. polynoides 1 

Paranaitis wahlbergi 1 1 1 1 2 1 

Paraninoe minuta 1 

Pectinaria auricoma 1 

Pectinaria granulata 1 1 

Pectinaria hyperborea 2 1 4 8 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 6 1 5 

Pectinaria koreni 1 1 3 

Petaloproctus tenuis 1 1 

Pherusa arctica 1 

Pherusa plumosa 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 2 1 

Phisidia aurea 1 

Pholoe inornata 2 1 3 2 1 2 

Pholoe synopthalmica 1 4 1 

Phyllodoce citrina 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 

Phyllodoce groenlandica 1 1 3 3 1 1 6 2 1 

Phyllodoce maculata 3 2 3 

55

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Phyllodoce mucosa 1 5 

Pionosyllis compacta 1 

Pista cristata 1 2 

Placostegus tridentatus 1 5 1 1 

Polycirrus arcticus 1 3 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2 

Polycirrus medusa 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 

Polycirrus norvegicus 1 1 1 2 

Polydora caulleryi 1 1 

Polydora ciliata 1 

Polydora coeca 1 2 

Polydora quadrilobata 1 

Polyphysia crassa 2 1 1 2 

Pomatoceros triqueter 3 7 1 4 1 2 1 

Potamilla neglecta 1 3 5 1 

Praxillella gracilis 1 1 1 2 

Praxillella praetermissa 1 1 1 6 2 1 

Praxillura longissima 1 3 1 

Prionospio cirrifera 2 

Proceraea prismatica 1 

Proclea graffi 1 

Proclea malmgreni 1 

Protula similis 3 3 

Pseudoscalibregma 

longisetosum 

1 

Pygospio elegans 1 1 1 1 

Rhodine gracilior 2 1 

Rhodine loveni 1 

Sabella fabricii 1 1 2 5 1 1 

Sabellides borealis 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 

Sabellides octocirrata 1 

Samytha sexcirrata 1 1 1 

Samythella neglecta 1 3 

Scalibregma inflatum 2 5 2 1 2 3 2 7 2 1 1 

Scoletoma fragilis 5 2 5 5 2 2 2 5 2 1 10 5 4 

Scoletoma magnidentata 1 

Scoloplos armiger 1 3 1 2 7 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 

Sosanopsis wireni 1 

Sphaerodoropsis minuta 1 

Sphaerodorum gracilis 1 7 1 

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus 1 1 1 

Spinther citrinus 1 

Spio armata 1 

Spio decoratus 1 1 

Spio filicornis 1 1 2 2 2 5 1 1 1 2 

Spio martinensis 1 

Spiochaetopterus typicus 3 14 1 1 1 1 1 3 9 1 

Spiophanes kroyeri 1 1 8 1 

Spiophanes wigleyi 1 

Spirorbis spirorbis 2 

Streblosoma bairdi 1 

Syllis oerstedi 2 

Terebellides stroemi 1 4 1 3 10 4 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 11 4 4 1 

Thelepus cincinnatus 2 8 1 1 2 2 3 5 2 2 2 5 10 1 4 1 1 

Travisia forbesii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 

Trichobranchus glacialis 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 

Typosyllis armillaris 2 

Typosyllis fasciata 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 

Records 109 74 22 48 92 44 43 61 47 10 34 56 4 11 30 124 90 61 19 47 

Archiannelida (ANNELIDA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Archienchytraeus gemmatus 1 

Record 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

56

Oligochaeta (ANNELIDA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Lumbricillus pagenstecheri 1 1 

Record 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

POGONOPHORA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Nereilinum murmanicum 1 1 

Record 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 

CHELICERATA 

Pycnogonida (CHELICERATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Boreonymphon robustum 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 

Chaetonymphon hirtipes 2 1 1 4 2 4 

Chaetonymphon hirtum 1 

Chaetonymphon macronyx 1 2 1 

Chaetonymphon spinosissimum 1 

Chaetonymphon spinosum 2 1 1 2 6 1 

Colossendeis proboscidea 2 1 1 1 

Cordylochele brevicollis 1 

Cordylochele malleolata 2 

Eurycyde hispida 1 

Nymphon elegans 4 1 1 

Nymphon gracilipes 2 1 1 

Nymphon grossipes 2 6 2 2 3 6 1 3 1 

Nymphon leptocheles 1 

Nymphon longimanum 1 1 

Nymphon longitarse 1 1 13 1 2 1 

Nymphon megalops 1 

Nymphon microrhyncum 1 

Nymphon mixtum 1 

Nymphon serratum 1 1 1 2 1 1 

Nymphon sluiteri 1 14 

Nymphon spinosum f. hirtipes 18 2 

Nymphon stroemi 9 3 2 1 1 

Phoxichilidium femoratum 1 

Records 5 11 1 0 11 1 5 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 9 2 7 4 7 

CRUSTACEA 

Ostracoda (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acanthocytheris dunelmensis 1 

Argilloecia liefdefjordensis 1 

Baffinicythere emarginata 1 

Baffinicythere howei 1 

Bythocythere constricta 2 

Bythocythere turgida 1 

Conchoecia borealis 1 

Cythere lutea 1 

Cytheromorpha macchesneyi 1 

Cytheropteron angulatum 2 

Cytheropteron dimlingtonensis 1 

Cytheropteron hamatum 2 

Cytheropteron latissimum 2 

57

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Cytheropteron nodosoalatum 1 

Cytheropteron nodosum 1 

Cytheropteron 

pseudomonstrosiense 

1 

Cytheropteron pyramidale 1 

Cytheropteron testudo 2 

Cytherura undata 2 

Echinocythereis mirabilis 1 

Elofsonella concinna 2 

Elofsonella latimarginata 1 

Finmarchinella angulata 1 

Finmarchinella barentzovoensis 1 

Finmarchinella curvicostata 1 

Hemicythere costata 1 

Hemicythere emarginata 1 

Hemicytheura clathrata 2 

Heterocyprides sorbyana 2 

Krithe producta 1 

Muellerina abyssicola 2 

Palmenella limicola 1 

Paradoxostoma arcticum 1 

Paradoxostoma rostratum 1 

Paradoxostoma variabile 2 

Philomedes globusus 1 4 3 1 

Philomedes lilljeborgi 1 

Polycope orbicularis 1 

Rabilimis septentrionalis 1 

Robertsonites tuberculatus 2 

Sarsicytheridea bradii 2 

Sarsicytheridea macrolaminata 1 

Sarsicytheridea punctillata 1 

Sclerochilus contortus 1 

Sclerochilus makeoeyanensis 1 

Semicytherura glaseri 1 

Semicytherura nigrescens 1 

Semicytherura undata 2 

Xestoleberis blumeli 1 

Xestoleberis depressa 1 

Records 48 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 

Copepoda (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acartia longiremis 1 1 

Calanus finmarchicus 2 1 1 1 1 

Calanus glacialis 1 1 

Calanus hyperboreus 1 1 1 1 

Dermatomyzon nigripes 1 

Gaidius tenuispinus 1 

Harpacticus chelifer 1 

Heterlaophonte stroemi 1 

Metridia longa 1 1 

Microsetella atlantica 1 

Oithona plumifera 1 

Oithona similis 1 1 2 

Oncaea borealis 1 

Oncaea conifera 1 

Parathalestris jacksoni 1 

Pareuchaeta norvegica 1 1 1 

Pseudocalanus elongatus 1 1 

Pseudocalanus pygmaeus 1 

Scolecithrix roemeri 1 

Spinocalanus schaudinni 1 

Records 5 0 5 5 3 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 2 1 1 

58

Cirripedia (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Balanus balanus 1 38 12 8 120 78 74 90 14 56 48 69 4 2 5 33 9 57 43 

Balanus crenatus 1 2 3 1 3 

Chirona hammeri 1 

Clistosaccus paguri 1 

Lepas anatifera 2 1 1 

Peltogaster paguri 1 

Scalpellum cornutum 1 2 3 3 

Scalpellum hamatum 3 

Scalpellum nymphocola 1 1 1 

Scalpellum striolatum 1 1 

Scalpellum stroemi 1 1 

Semibalanus balanoides 1 1 1 1 3 

Sylon hippolytes 1 

Verruca stroemia 2 1 

Records 11 7 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 5 0 

Leptostraca (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Nebalia bipes 2 

Records 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Mysidacea (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Boreomysis arctica 3 1 1 1 1 

Boreomysis nobilis 1 

Boreomysis scyphops 1 

Dactylamblyops sarsi 1 

Erythrops abyssorum 1 

Erythrops erythrophthalma 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 4 3 1 

Erythrops glacialis 1 1 

Meterythrops robusta 1 

Michtheimysis mixta 1 

Mysis oculata 4 1 1 37 1 2 3 5 

Mysis relicta 1 

Parerythrops obesa 2 1 

Parerythrops spectabilis 1 

Praunus inermis 1 

Pseudomma truncatum 1 5 6 2 1 1 1 2 

Schistomysis ornata 1 

Stilomysis grandis 1 13 1 

Records 5 4 1 1 7 3 3 3 0 0 2 5 0 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 

Cumacea (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Brachydiastylis resima 3 2 4 

Campylapsis intermedia 1 

Campylaspis affinis 1 

Campylaspis rubicunda 1 1 2 1 1 

Diastylis echinata 2 

Diastylis edwardsi 1 

Diastylis glabra 1 

Diastylis goodsiri 1 17 3 1 2 1 5 3 3 1 

Diastylis lepechini 1 

Diastylis lucifera 1 1 

Diastylis oxyrhyncha 1 1 

59

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Diastylis polaris 1 2 1 2 

Diastylis rathkei 1 3 1 8 1 3 1 

Diastylis scorpioides 1 9 3 1 2 10 

Diastylis spinulosa 1 5 1 2 1 4 1 

Eudorella emarginata 8 3 1 3 1 2 5 2 4 

Eudorella gracilis 1 

Eudorella hirsuta 1 

Eudorella spitzbergensis 1 

Hemilamprops cristatus 1 

Lamprops fuscatus 1 

Leptostylis macrura 1 1 

Leptostylis villosa 1 

Leucon fulvus 1 

Leucon nasica 2 2 1 1 1 

Leucon nasicoides 1 3 1 

Leucon nathorsti 1 1 1 

Leucon pallidus 1 1 

Leucon spinulosus 1 

Petalosarsia declivis 1 1 

Platysympus tricarinatus 2 

Platysympus typicus 1 

Records 11 4 2 0 9 5 1 8 0 1 4 3 0 1 2 10 9 7 1 10 

Tanaidacea (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Collettea cylindrata 1 

Cryptocopoides arctica 1 2 1 2 

Leptognathia breviremis 1 

Leptognathia gracilis 1 

Leptognathia inermis 1 

Leptognathia longiremis 2 

Leptognathia ventralis 2 

Pseudotanais affinis 1 

Pseudotanais lilljeborgi 2 

Pseudotanais macrocheles 1 

Sphyrapus serratus 1 

Spyraphus anomalus 1 2 5 

Typhlotanais aequiremis 1 

Typhlotanais finmarchicus 2 

Typhlotanais variabilis 2 

Records 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 9 

Amphipoda (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Acanthonotozoma cristatum 1 2 1 2 1 

Acanthonotozoma inflatum 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 

Acanthonotozoma serratum 2 1 1 1 2 

Acanthonotozoma sinuatum 1 

Acanthostepheia malmgreni 2 1 1 30 1 1 1 2 1 3 

Aceroides latipes 2 

Aegina spinifera 1 

Aeginella spinosa 2 

Aeginina longicornis 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 

Amathillopsis spinigera 2 2 

Ampelisca eschrichti 1 2 1 17 3 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 

Ampelisca macrocephala 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Amphilochus manudens 1 

Andaniella pectinata 2 

Andaniexis lupus 2 1 

Anonyx bispinosus 1 

60

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Anonyx debruyni 1 

Anonyx laticoxae 1 

Anonyx lilljeborgi 1 

Anonyx nugax 2 3 4 1 58 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 5 

Anonyx sarsi 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Apherusa cirrus 1 1 

Apherusa glacialis 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Apherusa sarsii 1 1 1 1 

Apherusa tridentata 1 

Argissa hamatipes 1 1 1 

Aristias tumidus 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 

Arrhinopsis longicornis 4 5 2 

Arrhis phyllonyx 1 3 1 30 7 1 2 3 1 5 2 6 

Atylus carinatus 2 2 3 2 17 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Atylus smitti 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 

Bathymedon obtusifrons 2 2 2 1 

Byblis abyssi 1 

Byblis gaimardi 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 

Byblis minuticornis 1 

Calliopius laeviusculus 3 2 2 1 

Caprella linearis 2 1 

Caprella microtuberculata 1 2 1 1 1 

Caprella septentrionalis 2 6 4 3 16 1 2 4 1 8 2 6 

Centromedon calcaratus 1 

Centromedon productus 1 2 1 2 1 

Centromedon pumilus 1 2 4 1 2 

Cleippides quadricuspis 2 

Corophium bonnellii 1 

Corophium crassicorne 1 1 3 

Dulichia spinosissima 1 11 4 1 4 

Dulichia tuberculata 1 2 1 

Dulichiopsis macera 1 

Dyopedos monachanthus 1 

Epimeria loricata 3 1 2 1 

Ericthonius difformis 1 

Ericthonius megalops 1 

Eurythenes gryllus 3 2 1 

Eusirus cuspidatus 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 

Gammaracanthus loricatus 1 4 1 

Gammarellus homari 2 7 5 3 17 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 

Gammarus locusta 1 2 27 1 1 2 1 1 

Gammarus marinus 1 

Gammarus oceanicus 4 3 1 

Gammarus setosus 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 

Gammarus wilkitzkii 2 2 1 1 1 1 10 1 2 2 2 2 

Gitana sarsi 3 

Gitanopsis arctica 1 

Gitanopsis inermis 1 1 8 

Goesia depressa 1 2 1 

Gronella lobata 1 

Halirages elegans 1 

Halirages fulvocincta 1 6 3 1 6 1 3 3 1 1 4 

Halirages quadridentata 1 2 

Haliragoides inermis 1 2 

Haploops laevis 1 1 2 

Haploops setosa 1 1 2 1 4 

Haploops tubicola 2 1 3 1 13 1 1 5 2 5 

Harpinia abyssi 1 

Harpinia mucronata 2 

Harpinia plumosa 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Harpinia propinqua 1 

Harpinia serrata 1 3 

Hippomedon holbolli 1 1 

Hippomedon propinquus 1 1 2 3 1 

Hyperia galba 2 1 1 

Hyperia medusarum 2 

61

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Hyperia spinigera 2 

Hyperoche kroyeri 1 

Hyperoche medusarum 1 1 1 

Idunella aequicornis 1 1 1 1 1 

Ischyrocerus anguipes 2 6 3 2 12 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 

Ischyrocerus brevicornis 2 1 

Ischyrocerus latipes 1 

Ischyrocerus megacheir 3 5 2 1 1 

Ischyrocerus megalops 1 1 1 

Lepidepecreella cymba 1 

Lepidepecreum umbo 2 1 10 2 2 1 1 8 

Liljeborgia fissicornis 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Maera loveni 1 

Maera prionochira 1 

Melita dentata 3 1 4 1 1 1 

Melita formosa 1 1 2 9 1 1 1 2 

Melita pallida 2 1 

Melita quadrispinosa 1 2 1 1 2 

Melphidippa borealis 1 1 

Melphidippa goesi 1 1 1 1 2 5 

Menigrates obtusifrons 1 4 

Metacaprella horrida 1 1 2 2 

Metopa aequicornis 1 

Metopa alderi 1 1 1 1 1 

Metopa bruzelii 3 1 1 1 2 1 

Metopa glacialis 1 1 2 2 1 

Metopa sinuata 2 

Metopa spitzbergensis 1 

Monoculodes borealis 2 1 3 1 1 5 

Monoculodes kroeyeri 1 

Monoculodes latimanus 1 1 1 1 1 8 

Monoculodes longirostris 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 1 

Monoculodes norvegicus 1 

Monoculodes packardi 1 4 1 1 1 6 1 

Monoculodes schneideri 1 

Monoculodes subnudus 1 

Monoculodes tesselatus 2 1 1 

Monoculodes tuberculatus 2 2 1 

Monoculopsis longicornis 2 

Neohela monstrosa 1 1 1 1 1 

Neopleustes pulchellus 1 2 

Nicippe tumida 1 

Odius carinatus 1 1 2 1 2 2 

Oediceros borealis 1 1 

Oediceros saginatus 2 

Onisimus affinis 1 

Onisimus brevicaudatus 2 

Onisimus caricus 1 4 1 

Onisimus edwardsi 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 9 

Onisimus glacialis 1 1 1 

Onisimus litoralis 2 2 2 2 6 1 2 1 1 6 

Onisimus nanseni 1 

Onisimus plautus 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 

Orchomene crispatus 2 

Orchomene serratus 2 1 

Orchomenella minuta 2 2 3 1 14 1 

Orchomenella pinguis 2 

Paramphithoe hystrix 2 6 1 1 2 6 1 1 2 1 

Paraphoxus oculatus 2 1 1 

Parapleustes assimilis 1 1 1 1 

Parapleustes bicuspis 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 2 1 

Parapleustes gracilis 1 1 1 1 

Pardalisca abyssi 1 4 1 

Pardalisca cuspidata 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Pardalisca tenuipes 1 

Paroediceros lynceus 2 5 5 15 2 1 3 1 5 5 

62

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Paroediceros propinquus 2 3 3 1 

Phippsia romeri 1 

Phippsiella similis 1 1 

Photis reinhardi 1 

Photis tenuicornis 3 

Phoxocephalus holbolli 1 1 

Pleustes cataphractus 1 

Pleustes panopla 2 4 4 1 8 1 1 3 1 2 1 

Pleustomesus medius 2 1 1 

Pleusymtes glaber 1 1 2 

Pleusymtes glabroides 2 1 1 1 1 

Pleusymtes pulchella 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 

Pontoporeia femorata 1 1 3 2 13 1 1 1 1 1 

Protomedeia fasciata 2 2 1 

Protomedeia grandimana 2 1 3 1 1 1 

Rhachotropis aculeata 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 

Rhachotropis helleri 3 2 1 2 1 

Rhachotropis inflata 1 

Rhachotropis macropus 6 1 

Rozinante fragilis 1 1 

Socarnes bidenticulatus 1 1 1 8 1 1 3 3 1 7 1 2 

Socarnes vahlii 1 2 5 2 1 3 

Stegocephalopsis ampulla 2 1 1 1 1 

Stegocephalus inflatus 2 1 1 28 1 2 1 6 3 2 1 4 1 7 

Syrrhoe crenulata 2 2 1 2 1 5 1 8 1 6 3 

Themisto abyssorum 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Themisto compressa 1 1 

Themisto libellula 2 6 1 6 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 

Tiron spiniferus 5 1 

Tmetonyx cicada 1 4 4 2 5 1 1 

Tmetonyx gulosus 1 

Tmetonyx similis 1 

Tryphosella compressa 1 1 

Tryphosella horingi 1 1 

Tryphosella schneideri 1 

Tryphosella spitzbergensis 1 1 

Unciola leucopis 2 3 1 2 1 3 

Unciola petalocera 1 

Westwoodilla brevicalcar 1 1 2 

Westwoodilla caecula 1 

Weyprechtia heuglini 2 1 1 

Weyprechtia pinguis 3 5 2 1 10 1 2 1 1 2 

Records 85 75 59 40 72 30 49 17 2 5 18 65 0 10 3 81 45 77 23 50 

Isopoda (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Aega psora 1 2 1 1 

Aega ventrosa 1 

Arcturus baffini 1 

Arcturus hystrix 1 

Astacilla longicornis 1 

Bopyroides hippolytes 1 1 

Caecognathia elongata 1 1 

Caecognathia hirsuta 1 

Caecognathia robusta 1 1 1 

Calathura brachiata 1 1 7 3 1 

Dajus mysidis 1 

Echinozone arctica 2 

Eurycope cornuta 1 2 4 1 3 

Gnathia oxyurea 1 

Gnathia robustus 1 

Haploniscus bicuspis 1 2 

Hemiarthrus abdominalis 1 

63

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Idotea granulosa 1 

Idotea neglecta 1 

Ilyarachna bergendali 1 

Ilyarachna hirticeps 1 2 1 1 

Ilyarachna longicornis 1 

Iolella libbeyi 6 

Janira maculosa 1 

Janira tricornis 1 1 3 

Katianira biloba 1 1 

Katianira cornigera 1 

Munna coeca 1 

Munna fabricii 1 1 

Munna minuta 1 

Munna roemeri 1 

Munna spitzbergensis 1 

Munnopsis typica 1 13 3 1 1 2 

Munnopsurus giganteus 3 1 2 

Nannoniscus aequiremis 1 

Nannoniscus spinicornis 1 

Pleurogonium inerme 1 

Pleurogonium spinosissimum 1 2 

Saduria megalura 1 

Saduria sabini 11 2 

Synidothea bicuspida 2 1 6 1 2 

Synidothea nodulosa 1 1 4 1 1 

Records 18 12 1 0 5 2 2 5 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 5 5 7 5 10 

Euphausiacea (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Meganyctiphanes norvegica 1 1 

Thysanoessa inermis 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 2 1 

Thysanoessa longicaudata 1 1 1 

Thysanoessa raschi 1 1 1 

Records 3 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 

Decapoda (CRUSTACEA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Bythocaris grumanti 1 

Bythocaris leucopis 1 1 

Bythocaris payeri 2 1 1 

Bythocaris simplicirostris 1 1 

Eualus gaimardii 2 9 1 56 1 1 6 4 10 12 

Eualus pusiolus 1 1 1 

Hyas araneus 3 13 3 6 18 7 5 5 3 3 2 1 4 5 7 4 

Hyas coarctatus 2 15 1 14 10 4 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 4 7 46 

Hymenodora glacialis 3 1 

Lebbeus polaris 1 11 5 1 70 38 80 34 25 10 24 9 2 12 17 4 15 1 4 

Lithodes maja 3 2 1 1 1 

Pagurus bernhardus 1 1 2 1 1 1 

Pagurus pubescens 3 14 1 8 38 4 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 24 

Pandalus borealis 1 13 1 25 8 1 1 2 3 1 2 10 4 1 1 3 

Pontophilus norvegicus 1 1 

Sabinea sarsii 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Sabinea septemcarinatus 4 3 1 2 52 5 2 3 2 1 6 2 7 2 10 

Sclerocrangon boreas 5 8 2 5 64 4 6 4 1 4 4 2 6 4 3 5 1 1 

Sclerocrangon ferox 8 1 1 4 1 6 4 3 2 

Spirontocaris phippsii 1 2 1 34 1 2 1 

Spirontocaris spinus 1 3 1 35 2 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 8 

Records 18 17 6 10 13 9 13 10 6 5 9 11 1 3 7 10 12 10 12 9 

64

MOLLUSCA 

Caudofoveata (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Chaetoderma intermedium 1 1 

Chaetoderma nitidilum 1 1 3 1 2 1 

Chaetoderma productum 1 

Records 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 

Solenogastres (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Proneomenia sluiteri 1 

Proneomenia thulensis 1 1 

Records 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Polyplacophora (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Hanleya hanleyi 1 1 

Ischnochiton albus 3 1 15 1 1 1 6 2 1 4 4 5 3 1 1 

Leptochiton asellus 3 

Tonicella marmorea 6 1 41 28 46 80 13 26 25 16 6 5 31 3 15 2 

Tonicella rubra 13 3 77 25 28 51 8 27 9 24 2 22 20 7 1 1 

Records 0 4 0 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 

Prosobranchia (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Admete contabulata 1 1 

Admete viridula 2 24 2 1 2 2 2 1 

Alvania jeffreysi 1 

Alvania moerchi 1 2 1 1 

Alvania scrobiculata 1 1 3 1 1 1 

Alvania verrilli 1 

Alvania wyvillethomsoni 1 1 

Amauropsis islandica 1 4 12 2 

Anatoma crispata 1 2 

Anomalosipho altus 5 

Astyris rosacea 2 1 1 1 

Beringius turtoni 1 1 

Boreocingula castanea 1 4 

Boreocingula globulus 1 

Buccinum angulosum 3 1 1 

Buccinum belcheri 1 

Buccinum ciliatum 1 1 1 

Buccinum cyaneum 2 1 37 1 2 1 1 2 13 

Buccinum finmarchianum 1 1 2 

Buccinum fragile 1 1 1 

Buccinum glaciale 2 37 1 2 3 3 2 4 16 

Buccinum humphreysianum 1 1 1 

Buccinum hydrophanum 8 1 1 1 2 

Buccinum maltzani 1 5 1 

Buccinum micropoma 1 

Buccinum nivale 1 

Buccinum polare 20 1 1 1 1 

Buccinum scalariforme 1 12 1 1 1 

Buccinum undatum 5 4 13 2 5 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 2 1 

Capulacmaea radiata 3 1 1 1 

Colus gracilis 1 1 1 2 2 

Colus holboelli 3 

Colus islandicus 1 1 2 

65

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Colus kroeyeri 1 7 1 1 2 

Colus latericeus 7 1 1 

Colus sabini 24 1 1 

Colus turgidulus 1 1 

Colus verkruzeni 1 

Cryptonatica affinis 1 28 1 1 1 1 6 2 7 1 6 

Epitonium greenlandicum 1 1 2 

Erginus rubellus 13 26 7 16 40 5 8 8 25 2 4 2 2 7 7 12 

Eumetula arctica 1 

Frigidoalvania cruenta 1 2 2 1 1 

Frigidoalvania janmayeni 1 12 1 1 4 2 5 2 

Gibbula cineraria 1 

Hydrobia ulvae 1 

Lacuna crassicor 2 1 1 2 

Lacuna pallidula 2 

Lacuna vincta 2 3 

Lepeta caeca 3 18 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 12 1 6 4 

Littorina littorea 2 1 

Littorina obtusata 1 

Littorina saxatilis 4 

Margarites costalis 1 10 1 1 3 3 1 2 

Margarites helicinus 1 1 1 21 2 9 11 3 1 1 16 5 6 8 9 15 12 

Margarites olivaceus 1 1 3 2 2 6 1 3 1 

Margarites striatus 11 3 5 37 8 19 10 2 8 11 1 6 3 10 10 12 

Margarites umbilicalis 1 

Margarites vahlii 2 

Marsenia glabra 1 

Moelleria costulata 1 1 1 2 1 

Mohnia danielsseni 1 

Mohnia mohni 1 1 1 

Neopotilla amoena 3 

Neptunea antiqua 1 1 

Neptunea despecta 1 1 1 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 

Neptunea ventricosa 1 1 1 1 

Nucella lapillus 1 

Oenopota cancellata 7 2 1 

Oenopota decussata 5 1 1 

Oenopota exarata 6 2 

Oenopota gigantea 6 

Oenopota harpa 1 

Oenopota obliqua 3 

Oenopota pingeli 1 1 

Oenopota pyramidalis 2 1 1 1 2 4 

Oenopota santarica 1 

Oenopota simplex 5 

Oenopota tenuicostata 1 

Oenopota turricula 1 

Oenopota violacea 1 14 2 1 1 2 3 

Onchidiopsis glacialis 1 1 1 1 1 

Onchidiopsis latissima 1 2 

Onoba leptalea 2 

Onoba mighelsi 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 

Onoba obliqua 2 

Onoba torelli 2 

Polinices nanus 1 1 

Polinices pallidus 1 32 4 1 1 7 1 2 14 

Polinices tenuistriatus 2 

Propebela assimilis 1 3 1 

Propebela impressa 6 

Propebela nobilis 2 1 1 

Propebela reticulata 6 

Propebela scalaroides 1 

Propebela spitzbergensis 4 

Propebela woodiana 1 

Puncturella noachina 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 

Rissoa parva 1 

66

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Skenea basistriata 1 

Skenea laevigata 1 

Skenea peterseni 1 

Solariella obscura 1 2 1 

Solariella varicosa 1 1 

Tachyrhynchus reticulatus 1 1 

Tectura testudinalis 1 1 2 2 1 1 

Tectura virginea 1 1 

Teretia teres 1 

Trichotropis bicarinata tenuis 1 

Trichotropis borealis 1 1 1 

Trichotropis conica 1 1 

Trichotropis kroeyeri 1 

Trophon clathratus 12 2 1 1 

Trophon fabricii 1 

Trophon truncatus 1 1 1 2 1 

Troschelia berniciensis 1 

Turrisipho lachesis 1 1 2 

Turrisipho voeringi 1 

Turritella reticulata 7 1 

Turritellopsis stimpsoni 1 1 2 

Velutina insculpta 1 

Velutina lanigera 1 1 

Velutina plicatilis 1 

Velutina undata 6 1 1 2 1 

Velutina velutina 5 2 1 2 7 3 15 3 

Volutomita groenlandica 1 

Volutopsius deformis 1 1 1 1 

Volutopsius norwegicus 1 1 2 

Records 21 25 2 10 65 17 25 25 9 4 11 21 1 5 7 50 28 45 13 55 

Opistobranchia (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Aartsenia candida 1 

Ammonicera rota 1 1 1 

Ancula gibbosa 1 

Cadlina laevis 1 1 1 

Calycidoris guentheri 1 

Chrysallida sublustris 2 

Clione limacina 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 

Colga villosa 1 

Coryphella borealis 1 3 1 2 1 1 5 

Coryphella bostoniensis 1 

Coryphella browni 1 1 

Coryphella verrucosa 1 

Cuthona nana 1 

Cuthona viridis 3 

Cylichna alba 1 22 1 1 5 1 2 1 

Cylichna arctica 1 

Cylichna magna 1 

Cylichna occulta 1 3 15 2 1 1 

Dendronotus frondosus 6 1 1 2 6 3 2 2 2 

Dendronotus robustus 7 2 

Diaphana glacialis 1 

Diaphana hiemalis 1 

Diaphana minuta 3 2 1 1 1 

Limacina helicina 1 1 3 5 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 

Limacina limacina 1 

Liostomia eburnea 1 1 

Menestho albula 1 

Menestho truncatula 1 7 2 2 

Odostomia unidentata 1 

Ondina normani 3 

Philine finmarchica 3 1 1 1 1 

67

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Philine lima 6 

Philine polaris 1 

Retusa obtusa 1 1 1 1 

Scaphander punctostriatus 1 

Toledonia limnaeoides 1 

Records 14 3 1 7 17 2 3 6 0 0 2 5 0 2 1 14 5 8 2 12 

Cephalopoda (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Bathypolypus arcticus 1 

Bathypolypus bairdii 1 

Rossia glaucopis 3 1 1 1 

Rossia moelleri 1 3 1 

Records 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 

Bivalvia (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Altenaeum dawsoni 1 

Arctica islandica 1 1 3 1 

Arctinula greenlandica 35 1 3 1 5 1 5 

Astarte arctica 1 

Astarte crenata 1 13 4 1 2 10 1 1 1 2 

Astarte elliptica 1 3 24 4 1 2 7 1 2 

Astarte fabula (?) 1 

Astarte producta 1 

Astarte sulcata 2 1 1 1 

Axinopsida orbiculata 18 1 8 

Bathyarca glacialis 1 23 6 1 3 1 1 3 2 2 6 1 8 1 2 

Bathyarca pectunculoides 2 2 1 1 1 

Chlamys islandica 9 4 32 19 25 6 7 14 3 4 1 1 10 8 1 3 2 28 

Chlamys nana 2 

Ciliatocardium ciliatum 1 3 34 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 

Crenella decussata 2 7 1 1 1 2 1 1 

Cuspidaria arctica 9 3 1 1 

Cuspidaria glacialis 1 1 

Cuspidaria obesa 3 1 1 2 2 

Cuspidaria subtorta 4 15 1 1 2 2 

Cyclopecten imbrifer 1 2 

Cyrtodaria siliqua 1 

Dacrydium vitreum 1 12 23 2 2 1 1 5 1 9 

Diplodonta torelli 1 3 

Hiatella arctica 1 13 5 8 76 22 22 26 15 11 5 20 5 4 38 16 5 11 3 37 

Hiatella rugosa 1 

Kelliella miliaris 2 

Limatula hyperborea 4 2 

Limatula subauriculata 2 

Liocyma fluctuosa 1 23 

Lyonsia arenosa 6 2 

Lyonsia norwegica 1 

Macoma balthica 1 

Macoma calcarea 3 1 52 4 1 1 3 7 13 

Macoma moesta 16 1 2 

Macoma torelli 1 

Montacuta maltzani 1 1 1 

Montacuta spitzbergensis 1 

Musculus corrugatus 1 14 2 1 1 

Musculus discors 3 1 9 1 3 6 9 1 9 2 1 

Musculus laevigatus 2 2 2 1 1 2 

Musculus niger 2 2 16 2 1 8 4 2 1 

Mya arenaria 1 1 1 1 1 

Mya truncata 11 9 103 9 13 19 4 10 30 17 17 14 31 4 31 31 

68

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Mytilus edulis 1 1 

Nuculana minuta 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Nuculana pernula 3 1 10 64 13 1 1 2 8 2 16 15 1 16 

Nuculoma corticata 1 

Nuculoma tenuis 2 25 46 2 1 1 3 4 7 1 12 1 

Palliolum striatum 1 

Pandora glacialis 10 3 

Panomya arctica 1 

Portlandia arctica 1 1 6 21 1 1 1 1 2 

Serripes groenlandicus 1 2 45 2 1 1 2 1 39 

Similipecten similis 1 

Teredo denticulata 1 

Thracia devexa 1 

Thracia myopsis 16 3 2 2 16 

Thracia septentrionalis 9 

Thyasira croulinensis 1 

Thyasira dunbari 4 

Thyasira equalis 1 1 5 2 4 

Thyasira ferruginea 1 3 1 

Thyasira flexuosa 34 1 2 

Thyasira gouldi 2 1 

Thyasira sarsi 1 

Tridonta borealis 2 42 1 2 2 1 8 1 8 37 

Tridonta montagui 4 52 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 6 21 

Turtonia minuta 1 1 

Yoldia hyperborea 1 1 46 1 1 2 4 8 

Yoldiella annenkovae 1 

Yoldiella frigida 1 9 1 1 1 2 1 5 

Yoldiella intermedia 11 1 3 1 

Yoldiella lenticula 1 11 6 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 

Yoldiella lucida 4 1 

Yoldiella nana 1 17 1 1 5 1 

Yoldiella propingua 1 2 

Yoldiella solidula 1 15 6 1 2 1 3 1 3 

Records 7 18 4 32 45 15 12 24 22 6 18 18 2 7 8 48 27 32 9 34 

Scaphopoda (MOLLUSCA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Siphonodentalium lobatum 1 20 3 2 1 7 1 1 

Record 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 

BRACHIOPODA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Hemithiris psittacea 1 1 2 1 3 5 3 4 1 4 

Liothyris arctica 2 1 

Macandrevia cranium 1 1 1 1 

Neocrania anomala 3 1 1 1 

Terebratulina retusa 1 

Terebratulina septentrionalis 8 1 1 1 

Records 0 4 0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 3 2 3 2 

69

BRYOZOA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Alcyonidium albidum 1 3 

Alcyonidium disciforme 1 1 

Alcyonidium gelatinosum 1 1 1 2 1 3 23 2 5 1 3 

Alcyonidium hirsutum 5 2 1 3 1 1 2 

Alcyonidium mamillatum 1 2 

Alcyonidium mytili 3 2 

Alcyonidium parasiticum 1 

Alcyonidium proboscidium 1 

Alcyonidium radicellatum 1 

Amphiblestrum auritum 1 

Amphiblestrum flemingii 2 2 

Amphiblestrum septentrionalis 2 

Amphiblestrum solidum 2 1 2 

Arachnidium clavatum 2 

Arachnidium hippothoides 1 

Arctonula arctica 1 5 1 3 

Bicellarina alderi 2 1 

Bowerbankia imbricata 1 1 

Buffonellaria biaperta 1 1 1 

Bugula avicularia 2 1 

Bugula fastigiata 2 1 

Bugula harmsworthi 1 

Caberea ellisii 1 1 

Callopora craticula 1 2 1 1 1 3 

Callopora derjugini 1 1 

Callopora lata 1 1 1 

Callopora lineata 3 1 2 

Callopora smitti 1 

Carbasea carbasea 1 1 1 2 3 

Cauloramphus cymbaeformis 1 1 1 1 2 

Cellepora bicornis 1 

Celleporella hyalina 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 

Celleporina hassallii 1 1 

Celleporina incrassata 1 1 1 

Celleporina surcularis 2 1 3 8 2 

Chartella membranaceotruncata 2 

Cheilopora sincera 2 2 5 2 4 

Coronopora truncata 1 

Cribrilina annulata 1 1 2 1 2 

Cribrilina punctata 1 1 1 

Cribrilina spitzbergensis 1 1 

Cribrilina watersi 1 

Crisia denticulata 1 3 1 2 

Crisia eburnea 1 3 3 

Cylindroporella tubulosa 3 1 1 2 

Cystisella saccata 8 2 1 

Defrancia lucernaria 3 1 1 

Dendrobeania fruticosa 1 2 1 1 

Dendrobeania murrayana 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 7 2 2 1 2 

Dendrobeania murrayana var. 

quadridentata 

1 1 

Diastopora diastoporides 1 

Diastopora latomarginata 1 

Diastopora suborbicularis 1 

Diplosolen intricarius 1 1 2 

Diplosolen obelia 1 3 2 1 1 

Discopora patens 1 

Disporella hispida 5 2 3 3 2 2 3 

Doryporella spathulifera 1 2 1 2 

Electra arctica 3 1 

Electra crustulenta 1 

Electra pilosa 1 1 

Entalophoroecia deflexa 1 1 1 

Enthalophora clavata 2 2 

Escharella abyssicola 1 3 2 

70

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Escharella immersa 2 6 1 2 

Escharella labiata 1 1 2 

Escharella laqueata 1 

Escharella levinseni 1 

Escharella palmata 1 

Escharella ventricosa 1 1 5 2 2 

Escharina alderi 1 1 1 

Escharoides coccinea 1 2 1 

Escharoides jacksoni 1 

Escharopsis lobata 1 1 1 

Eucratea loricata 9 2 1 1 6 2 3 5 3 

Flustra foliacea 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 

Flustrellidra corniculata 1 1 2 

Frondipora verrucosa 1 

Haplopoma impressum 2 

Harmeria scutulata 1 1 1 

Hemicyclopora polita 1 1 

Hincksipora spinulifera 2 1 

Hippodiplosia borealis 1 

Hippodiplosia harmsworti 1 

Hippodiplosia obesa 1 1 

Hippodiplosia ussovi 2 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicularis 1 

Hippoporina reticulatopunctata 2 1 1 

Hippothoa divaricata 1 1 3 1 

Hippothoa expansa 2 1 2 

Hornera lichenoides 13 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 

Idmidronea atlantica 1 2 5 1 4 

Idmonea bidenkapi 1 

Idmonea fenestrata 1 

Kinetoskias arborescens 1 1 

Leieschara subgracile 1 1 1 2 6 2 

Lepralia elongatula 1 

Lepralia megastoma 1 

Lepraliella contigua 1 1 2 2 

Lepraliella hippopus 1 1 

Lepralioides nordlandica 1 1 

Lichenopora crassiuscula 4 

Lichenopora verrucaria 3 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 

Microporella ciliata 2 1 2 

Microporina arcticulata 1 

Mucronella cruentata 1 2 2 

Mucronella megastoma 1 

Myriapora coarctata 12 1 1 1 3 4 2 

Myriapora subgracilis 2 1 

Myriozoella costata 1 1 

Myriozoella crustacea 1 1 

Nolella dilitata 2 

Notoplites smitti 1 2 

Omalosecosa ramulosa 1 1 

Oncousoecia canadensis 1 2 

Oncousoecia diastoporides 3 1 

Oncousoecia dilatans 2 1 2 

Pachyegis groenlandica 2 

Pachyegis producta 1 

Palmiskenea skenei 2 2 3 2 

Parasmittina trispinosa 1 1 3 1 1 1 

Phidolopora elongata 1 2 3 

Porella acutirostris 2 1 2 

Porella compressa 1 1 4 2 

Porella concinna 1 6 1 2 

Porella groenlandica 1 

Porella laevis 1 1 1 

Porella minuta 1 

Porella obesa 1 

Porella proboscoidea 1 1 

71

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Porella struma 1 1 

Posterula sarsi 1 1 9 2 2 1 1 

Proboscina gracilis 1 

Proboscina incrassata 2 1 

Pseudoflustra birulai 1 

Pseudoflustra hincksi 1 

Pseudoflustra solida 1 1 1 6 2 1 

Pyripora catenularia 1 1 

Ragionula rosacea 1 1 1 5 1 3 

Reteporella beaniana 5 7 1 1 1 1 1 

Reteporella septentrionalis 1 1 2 2 1 

Reussina impressa 2 

Rhamphostomella bilaminata 1 1 2 

Rhamphostomella costata 1 1 3 4 2 

Rhamphostomella hincksi 1 1 1 

Rhamphostomella plicata 1 1 1 1 1 

Rhamphostomella radiatula 2 

Rhamphostomella scabra 1 2 3 1 1 

Rhamphostomella spinigera 2 1 2 

Sarsiflustra abyssicola 2 2 2 1 

Schizomavella auriculata 1 1 1 

Schizomavella linearis 1 1 

Schizomavella porifera 2 

Schizoporella biaperta 1 1 1 

Schizoporella bispinosa 1 

Schizoporella crustacea 1 1 2 3 1 1 

Schizoporella incerta 1 

Schizoporella pachystega 1 1 

Schizoporella smitti 1 1 

Schizoporella unicornis 1 1 

Scrupocellaria minor 1 

Scrupocellaria scabra 1 1 1 2 8 1 2 

Scrupocellaria scabra var. 

paenulasta 

1 1 

Scrupocellaria scrupea 1 

Securiflustra securifrons 1 1 1 1 13 1 12 2 

Smittia palmata 1 1 

Smittina auriculata 1 

Smittina jeffreysi 1 

Smittina landsborovis 1 

Smittina minuscula 1 1 

Smittina rigida 2 1 2 

Smittina smitti 1 1 

Smittoidea propinqua 1 1 2 

Smittoidea reticulata 1 2 1 

Stomachetosella cruenta 2 1 1 

Stomachetosella hincksi 1 

Stomachetosella limbata 1 1 

Stomachetosella magniporata 2 

Stomachetosella sinuosa 3 2 

Stomatopora repens 1 

Tegella arctica 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Tegella armifera 1 1 

Tegella nigrans 1 

Tegella spitsbergensis 2 1 1 1 1 2 5 4 2 

Tegella unicornis 2 

Tessaradoma boreale 2 

Tricellaria gracilis 2 2 

Tricellaria peachi 1 1 5 

Tricellaria ternata 1 3 1 2 3 7 1 3 5 4 

Tubulipora aperta 1 

Tubulipora flabellaris 1 1 

72

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Tubulipora liliacea 1 

Turbicellepora avicularis 1 1 

Turbicellepora nodulosa 1 1 3 2 2 

Umbonula patens 1 

Walkeria uva 1 

Records 42 38 3 17 10 3 15 33 1 2 9 44 1 0 0 126 66 29 22 99 

CHAETOGNATA 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Eukrohnia hamata 1 

Sagitta bipunctata 1 2 

Sagitta elegans 1 1 2 1 

Records 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

ECHINODERMATA 

Crinoidea (ECHINODERMATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Bathycrinus carpenteri 2 2 

Heliometra glacialis 15 2 22 3 4 6 10 3 9 3 14 3 14 4 5 

Poliometra prolixa 13 1 1 2 4 1 1 4 3 3 

Records 0 3 0 1 2 2 2 3 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 

Asteroidea (ECHINODERMATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Asterias rubens 1 1 1 2 

Bathybiaster vexillifer 3 

Ceramaster granularis 2 1 

Crossaster papposus 1 11 12 5 12 6 1 1 3 6 2 3 17 3 11 5 4 

Crossaster squamatus 1 1 

Ctenodiscus crispatus 1 3 1 30 2 2 5 5 7 3 1 6 18 3 12 2 

Diplopteraster multipes 1 

Henricia perforata 2 1 2 2 1 3 

Henricia sanguinolenta 1 4 1 6 2 8 4 2 1 7 8 3 

Hippasteria phrygiana 2 1 1 4 

Hymenaster pellucidus 2 1 5 1 4 2 1 1 

Icasterias panopla 5 9 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 

Korethraster hispidus 1 2 1 

Leptasterias groenlandica 1 5 1 1 6 

Leptasterias hyperborea 1 3 2 1 2 4 2 2 3 

Leptasterias muelleri 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 

Lophaster furcifer 3 2 5 1 2 2 1 4 3 2 

Pedicellaster typicus 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 

Pontaster tenuispinus 1 2 4 4 4 1 7 1 1 1 

Poraniomorpha tumida 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 4 2 

Pseudarchaster parelii 1 1 

Pteraster militaris 1 5 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 7 3 3 

Pteraster obscurus 1 1 2 1 3 1 

Pteraster pulvillus 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 

Solaster endeca 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 10 1 5 1 

Solaster glacialis 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 

Stephanasterias albula 3 2 10 1 9 3 1 7 1 7 7 4 15 

Tylaster willei 1 

Urasterias linckii 1 3 1 3 28 2 1 5 1 3 9 1 7 3 

Records 12 22 3 10 14 8 20 15 4 5 6 12 1 2 3 18 16 14 20 11 

73

Ophiuroidea (ECHINODERMATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Amphipholis squamata 1 1 

Amphipholis torelli 1 

Amphiura sundevalli 1 3 2 4 4 1 1 2 5 3 15 

Gorgonocephalus arcticus 1 5 2 9 2 3 8 1 3 1 10 

Gorgonocephalus eucnemis 2 8 1 1 1 5 4 4 1 4 11 2 

Gorgonocephalus lamarcki 2 2 1 

Ophiacantha bidentata 1 15 2 2 45 3 6 12 1 1 3 21 1 4 75 5 29 13 13 

Ophiocomina nigra 1 

Ophiocten sericeum 1 12 1 3 81 3 3 5 3 3 3 13 2 24 4 8 

Ophiopholis aculeata 1 39 2 4 59 37 33 80 11 15 25 35 5 2 103 14 6 29 36 47 

Ophiopleura borealis 4 3 2 1 4 2 4 1 1 

Ophiopus arcticus 2 5 3 6 

Ophioscolex glacialis 2 16 1 20 1 1 5 2 1 6 3 2 3 4 

Ophioscolex purpureus 2 1 

Ophiothrix fragilis 1 

Ophiura nodosa 2 1 7 2 1 14 

Ophiura robusta 1 6 2 3 8 2 3 5 1 7 11 3 11 5 23 

Ophiura sarsii 1 11 2 26 1 4 3 11 7 3 42 4 8 3 3 16 46 

Stegophiura nodosa 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 

Records 9 14 6 9 11 7 12 10 4 3 5 13 1 5 4 15 13 11 10 11 

Echinoidea (ECHINODERMATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Brisaster fragilis 2 

Echinus acutus 1 

Echinus esculentus 1 

Pourtalesia jeffreysi 3 1 2 2 

Strongylocentrotus 

droebachiensis 

1 44 1 10 163 40 86 129 15 41 61 49 5 49 125 22 4 51 14 56 

Strongylocentrotus pallidus 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 

Records 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 

Holothuroidea (ECHINODERMATA) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Chiridota laevis 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 20 

Cucumaria frondosa 6 1 3 2 1 3 4 1 1 26 6 11 10 26 

Echinocucumis hispida 1 

Ekmania barthi 2 1 3 1 1 1 

Elpidia glacialis 1 3 2 1 

Eupyrgus scaber 1 8 1 2 1 3 3 3 8 1 

Molpadia borealis 1 2 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 

Myriotrochus eurycyclus 2 1 

Myriotrochus rinkii 1 2 34 2 3 3 4 4 3 6 2 11 2 3 

Myriotrochus vitreus 1 

Ocnus glacialis 1 1 2 5 

Ocnus lacteus 1 

Psolus operculatus 1 

Psolus phantapus 4 3 4 5 2 6 2 11 

Psolus squamatus 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 

Thyonidium drummondi 4 1 1 5 1 3 1 

Trochoderma elegans 1 1 

Records 5 10 3 4 7 5 7 5 1 0 3 8 1 1 1 11 10 9 9 6 

74

Chordata 

Larvacea (Chordata) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Fritillaria borealis 1 1 

Oikopleura labradoriensis 1 

Oikopleura vanhoffeni 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Records 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 

Ascidiacea (Chordata) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Aplidium glabrum 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 

Aplidium mutabile 2 

Aplidium pallidum 1 1 1 1 

Aplidium spitzbergense 1 1 2 2 1 3 

Ascidia callosa 1 1 

Ascidia dijmphniana 1 1 

Ascidia obliqua 1 1 1 1 1 

Ascidia prunum 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 

Ascidia virginea 1 1 

Boltenia echinata 3 1 2 5 20 1 9 8 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 

Botrylloides aureum 1 4 1 1 7 19 2 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 2 

Botrylloides leachi 14 

Botryllus schlosseri 1 25 37 3 3 1 

Chelyosoma macleayanum 1 1 2 3 

Ciona intestinalis 1 1 3 2 2 1 4 1 1 

Cnemidocarpa clipeata 1 1 1 

Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis 1 1 

Cnemidocarpa mollispina 10 

Cnemidocarpa rhizopus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 

Corella borealis 1 2 

Corellopsis pedunculata 3 

Dendrodoa aggregata 1 4 5 6 3 41 5 4 16 4 7 3 43 4 33 77 1 

Dendrodoa grossularia 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 

Dendrodoa pulchella 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 

Dendrodoa uniplicata 1 1 

Didemnum albidum 1 1 7 3 2 8 1 6 1 1 8 5 26 16 2 

Distaplia clavata 1 1 

Distaplia livida 1 1 

Eudistoma vitreum 1 1 1 1 1 

Eugyra glutinans 10 

Eugyra pedunculata 1 2 7 

Halocynthia pyriformis 1 4 1 3 16 12 32 1 16 21 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 

Kukenthalia borealis 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 1 1 

Leptoclinides faeroensis 1 1 

Lissoclinum aureum 1 1 1 2 

Molgula citrina 1 

Molgula complanata 1 1 1 1 

Molgula griffithsii 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 21 2 18 9 2 

Molgula herdmani 1 

Molgula manhattensis 1 

Molgula retortiformis 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 

Molgula romeri 1 1 1 2 

Molgula siphonalis 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 

Pelonaia corrugata 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 5 

Polycarpa fibrosa 2 

Polycarpa pomaria 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Rhizomolgula globularis 2 

Sidnyum turbinatum 1 

Styela coriacea 3 1 2 1 2 1 15 2 8 1 1 

Styela gelatinosa 1 1 1 

75

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Styela rustica 1 5 4 1 4 5 48 11 23 21 1 1 2 3 1 2 

Synoicum incrustatum 1 1 1 16 

Synoicum pulmonaria 1 1 1 3 2 4 58 2 

Synoicum turgens 1 28 5 17 3 10 27 1 1 1 35 48 

Trididemnum tenerum 1 1 2 

Records 36 24 8 13 16 18 22 19 6 8 12 19 6 4 6 31 18 21 25 15 

Chondrichthyes (Chordata) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Bathyraja spinicauda 2 

Raja fyllae 1 2 1 

Raja hyperborea 2 

Raja radiata 1 2 1 2 

Records 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 

Osteichthyes (Chordata) 

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Ammodytes marinus 7 

Anarhichas denticulatus 1 

Anarhichas lupus 2 4 2 1 2 

Anarhichas minor 1 3 1 2 2 

Anisarchus medius 1 

Arctogadus glacialis 1 

Artediellus atlanticus 1 13 

Benthosema glaciale 1 2 

Boreogadus saida 1 1 7 1 2 1 1 2 2 8 2 

Brosme brosme 1 1 

Careproctus longipinnis 2 

Careproctus reinhardti 1 1 2 1 1 1 

Clupea harengus 1 

Cottunculus microps 1 1 1 1 

Eumicrotremus derjugini 2 1 

Eumicrotremus spinosus 2 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 4 

Gadus morhua 2 7 1 1 1 9 2 1 4 1 

Gasterosteus aculeatus 1 

Gymnacanthus tricuspis 2 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 

Gymnelus retrodorsalis 1 1 1 2 

Gymnelus viridis 4 1 1 

Hippoglossoides platessoides 2 1 17 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 6 

Hippoglossus hippoglossus 1 1 1 

Icelus bicornis 2 18 1 3 1 1 1 7 

Leptagonus decagonus 1 7 2 1 1 1 1 

Leptoclinus maculatus 2 7 1 1 1 2 

Liparis fabricii 2 1 1 2 

Liparis liparis 2 14 1 3 1 3 

Liparis montagui 2 2 

Lumpenus lampraetaeformis 2 1 2 2 1 3 

Lumpenus medius 1 17 1 

Lycenchelus muraena 1 1 

Lycenchelys kolthoffi 1 1 

Lycodes eudipleurostictus 2 2 

Lycodes frigidus 1 2 1 1 

Lycodes lavalei 1 

Lycodes pallidus 1 13 1 2 

Lycodes reticulatus 1 1 1 2 

Lycodes rossi 7 1 1 

Lycodes seminudus 1 1 

Lycodes squamiventer 1 

Lycodonus flagellicauda 1 

Macrourus berglax 1 2 1 

76

SPECIES_NAME 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Mallotus villosus 1 1 4 

Melanogrammus aeglefinus 1 8 1 1 1 2 

Micromesistis poutassou 1 1 1 

Myoxocephalus scorpius 1 2 1 7 1 2 1 7 4 

Onogadus argentatus 2 1 2 1 

Pollachius virens 1 

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 1 1 1 1 2 

Rhodichtihys regina 1 

Salvelinus alpinus 1 1 1 

Sebastes marinus 2 1 1 1 

Sebastes mentella 2 1 1 

Somniosus microcephalus 1 6 1 1 1 

Triglops murrayi 2 4 

Triglops nybelini 1 

Triglops pingeli 2 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 

Trisopterus esmarki 1 

Records 42 18 1 5 28 8 10 11 1 0 8 5 0 0 4 15 8 10 22 28 

Overview table 

Sum 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 4.2 5 6 

Plants 163 154 20 0 5 20 10 0 0 0 2 6 13 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 0 

Invertebrates 1645 667 449 138 234 474 198 276 352 115 66 156 364 25 68 90 681 414 409 267 476 

Fishes 63 44 19 1 5 30 8 10 11 1 0 8 5 0 0 4 15 8 10 24 30 

Animals 1708 711 468 139 239 504 206 286 363 116 66 164 369 25 68 94 696 422 419 291 506 

Total 1871 865 488 139 244 524 216 286 363 116 68 170 382 25 68 94 696 422 434 292 506 

77

Appendix 4. Species lists with auctor and synonyms 

Algae 

PHAEOPHYTA 

Alaria esculenta (Linné) Greville 

Synonyms 

Alaria membranacea 

Alaria pylaii 

Laminaria esculenta 

Alaria grandifolia (J. Agardh) 

Ascophyllum nodusum (Linné) Le Jolis 

Synonyms 

Fucodium nodosum 

Ozothallia nodosa 

Botrytella micromora Boryl 

Botrytella reinboldii (Reineke) Kornm. & Sahling 

Chorda filum (Linné) Stackhouse 

Synonyms 

Scytosiphon filum 

Chorda tomentosa Lyngbye 

Synonyms 

Haplosiphon tomentosum 

Chordaria flagelliformis (O.F. Mueller) C. Agardh 

Synonyms 

Chordaria chordæformis 

Climacosorus mediterranus Sauvageau 

Delamarea attenuata (Kjellman) Rosenvinge 

Synonyms 

Scytosiphon attenuatus 

Dermatocelis laminariae Rosenvinge 

Desmarestia aculeata (Linné) Lamouroux 

Synonyms 

Sporochnus aculeatus 

Desmarestia viridis (O.F. Mueller) Lamouroux 

Synonyms 

Dichloria viridis 

Dictyosiphon chordaria Areschoug 

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus (Hudson) Greville 

Synonyms 

Dictyosiphon hipuroides 

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 

Synonyms 

Ectocarpus confervoides 

Elachista fuciola (Velley) Areschoug 

Elachista stellaris Aresch. 

Eudesme virescenc (Carmichael ex Harvey in Hooker) J. 

Agard 

Feldmannia irregularis (Kütz.) Hamel 

Fucus ceranoides L. 

Synonyms 

Fucus harveyanus 

Fucus disticus L. 

Fucus evanescens C. Agardh 

Fucus serratus L. 

Fucus vesiculosus L. 

Gononema aecidioides (Rosenv.) P. Pedersen 

78 

Gononema alarie Pedersen 

Synonyms 

Entonema alariae 

Halopteris scoparia (L.) 

Halosiphon tomentosus (Lyngbye) Jaasund 

Haplospora globosa Kjellman 

Hincksia ovata (Kjellman) P.C. Silva 

Isthmoplea spaerophora (Carmichael ex Harvey in 

Hooker) Kjellman 

Laminaria digitata (Hudson) Lamouroux 

Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie 

Laminaria saccharina (Linné) Lamouroux 

Synonyms 

Laminaria agardii 

Laminaria caperata 

Laminaria longicruris 

Laminaria ophiura 

Laminaria phyllitis 

Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh 

Laminariocolax tomentosoides (Farlow) Kylin 

Leptonematella fasciculata (Reinke) Silva 

Myrionema corunnae Sauvageau 

Myrionema strangulans Greville 

Myriotrichia clavaeformis Harvey 

Synonyms 

Hecatonema maculans 

Omphalophyllum ulvaceum Rosenvinge 

Petalonia fascia (O.F. Muller) Kuntze 

Petalonia zosterifolia (Reinke) O. Kuntze 

Petroderma maculiforme (Wollny) Kuckuck 

Phaeostroma parasiticum Børgesen 

Phaeostroma pustulosum Kuckuck 

Pilayella littoralis (L.) Kjellman 

Synonyms 

Ectocarpus firmus 

Ectocarpus litoralis 

Ectocarpus ocraceus 

Pylaiella littoralis 

Pylaiella varia 

Pilayella varia Kjellman 

Pleurocladia lacustris E. Braun in Rabenhorst 

Pseudolithoderma extensum (Crouan frat.) S. Lund 

Pseudolithoderma rosenvingii (Wärn) S. Lund 

Punctaria latifolia Greville 

Punctaria tenuissima (C. Agardh) Grev. 

Ralfsia clavata (Carmichael in Harvey) Crouan frat., sensu 

Saccorhiza dermatodea (de la Pylaie) J. Agardh 

Synonyms 

Laminaria dermatodea 

Phyllaria dermatodea 

Phyllaria lorea 

Saundersella simplex (Saunders) Kylin 

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link 

Sorocarpus micromorus (Bory) Silva 

Sphacelaria arctica Harvey

Sphacelaria plumosa Lyngbye 

Synonyms 

Chaetopteris plumosa 

Sphacelaria radicans Dillwyn) C. Agardh 

Sphaerotrichia divaricata (C.Agardh) Kylin 

Stictyosiphon tortilis (Ruprecht) Reinke 

Synonyms 

Phloeospora tortilis 

Strangularia clavata (Harv.) Hamel 

RHODOPHYTA 

Acrochaetium microscopicum (Näg.) Näg. 

Ahnfeltia plicata (Hudson) Fries 

Audouinella efflorescens (J. Agardh) Papenfuss 

Synonyms 

Chantransia efflorescens 

Audouinella hallandicum (Kylin) Hamel 

Audouinella membranacea (Magnus) Papenfuss 

Audouinella parvulum (Kylin) Hoyt 

Audouinella purpurea (Lightfoot) Woelkerling 

Callocolax neglectus Schmitz ex Battes 

Callophyllis cristata (C. Agardh) Kuetzing 

Synonyms 

Euthoa cristata 

Ceramium circinatum (Kütz.) J. Agardh 

Ceramium nodulosum (Lightf.) Ducluzeau 

Ceratocolax hartzii Rosenvinge 

Clathromorphum compactum (Kjellman) Foslie 

Coccotylus truncata (Pallas) M. Wynne & J. Heine 

Cystoclonium purpureum (Huds.) Batters 

Delesseria rossica Sin. 

Devaleraea ramentacea (Linné) Guiry 

Synonyms 

Halosaccion ramentaceum 

Halymenia ramentacea 

Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze 

Dilsea integra (Kjellman) Rosenv. 

Dumontia contorta (S. Gmelin) Rupr. 

Fimbriofolium dicotomum (lepechini) G. Hansen 

Furcellaria lumbricalis (Hudson) Lamouroux 

Halosacciocolax kjellmanii S. Lund 

Halosaccion arcticum A. Zin. 

Hildenbrandia rubra (Sommerfelt) Meneghini 

Leptophytum laeve (Strømfelt) Adey 

Lithophyllum crouanii Foslie 

Lithophyllum fasciculatum (Lamarck) Foslie 

Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellman 

Lithothamnion tophiforme Unger 

Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackh.) Guiry 

Meiodiscus spetsbergensis (Kjellman) Saunders & 

McLachlan 

Membranoptera alata (Huds) Stackh. 

Mesophyllum lichenoides (Linné) Lemoine 

Odonthalia dentata (Linné) Lyngbye 

Synonyms 

Rhodomela dentata 

Palmaria palmata (Linné) O. Kuntze 

Synonyms 

Rhodymenia palmata 

Rhodymenia pertusa 

79 

Ulva palmatus 

Pantoneura baerii (Postel & Ruprecht) Kylin 

Synonyms 

Delesseria bærii 

Phycodrys rubens (Linné) Batters 

Phyllophora truncata (Pallas) A. Zinova 

Synonyms 

Phyllophora brodiæi 

Pneophyllum fragile Kütz. 

Polysiphonia arctica J. Agardh 

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Sprengel 

Polysiphonia fucoides (Huds.) Grev. 

Polysiphonia lanosa (Linné) Tandy 

Polysiphonia nigra (Hudson) Batters 

Polysiphonia stricta (Dillwyn) Grev. 

Porphyra amplissima (Kjellman) Setch. & Hus. 

Porphyra miniata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh 

Synonyms 

Diploderma miniata 

Ptilota gunneri Silva, Maggs & L. Irvine 

Ptilota serrata Kuetzing 

Rhodomela confervoides (Hudson) Silva 

Rhodomela lycopodioides (L.) Gobi 

Rhodophycema georgii Batters 

Scagelia pylasaei (Mont.) Wynne 

Titanoderma pustulatum (Lamouroux) Wölk., Chamberlain 

& Silva 

Turnerella pennyi (Harvey) Schmitz in Rosenvinge 

Synonyms 

Cruoria arctica 

CHLOROPHYTA 

Acrochaete repens N. Pringsh. 

Acrochaete viridis (Reinke) R. Neilsen 

Synonyms 

Entocladia viridis 

Acrosiphonia incurva Kjellman 

Acrosiphonia sonderi (Kützing) Kornmann 

Blindingia marginata (J. Agardh) P. Dangeard 

Synonyms 

Enteromorpha clathrata 

Enteromorpha micrococca 

Blindingia minima (Nageli ex Kuetzing) Kylin 

Synonyms 

Enteromorpha minima 

Blindingia subsalsa (Kjellman) Kornm. & Sahling 

Bolbocoleon piliferum Pringsheim 

Capsosiphon groenlandicum (J. Agardh) Vinograd. 

Chaetomorpha mediterranea (Kütz.) Kütz. 

Chaetomorpha melagonium (Weber & Mohr) Kuetzing 

Cladophora fracta (Mueller) Kuetzing 

Cladophora hutchinsiae (Dillwyn) Kütz. 

Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kütz. 

Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linne) Link 

Synonyms 

Enteromorpha compressa 

Ulva compressa 

Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Muller) J. Agardh. 

Entocladia flustracae (Reinke) Batters in Taylor 

Kornmannia leptoderma (Kjellman) Bliding

Monostroma obscurum (Kütz.) J. Agardh. 

Ostreobium queckettii Bornet & Flahault 

Percursaria percursa (C. Agardh) Rosenvinge 

Synonyms 

Diplonema percursaria 

Enteromorpha confervoides 

Scytosiphon compressus 

Ulva percursa 

Prasiola crispa Suhr in Jessen 

Pringsheimiella scutata (Reinke) Marchewianka 

Pseudendoclonium submarinum Wille 

Rhizoclonium pachydermum Kjellman 

Rhizoclonium tortuosum (Dillwyn) Kütz. 

Rosenvingiella polyrhiza (Rosenvinge) P. Silva 

Spongomorpha aeruginosa (L.) van den Hoek 

Synonyms 

Chlorochytium inclusum 

Spongomorpha lanosa 

Spongomorpha arcta (Dillwyn) Kuetzing 

Synonyms 

Cladophora arcta 

Conferva arcta 

Conferva glomerata 

80 

Spongomorpha centralis (Lyngbye) Kütz. 

Spongomorpha flagellata (Kjellman) South & Tittley 

Spongomorpha sonderi Kuetzing 

Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret in Le Jolis 

Synonyms 

Ulothrix pseudoflacca 

Ulothrix implexa (Kuetzing) Kuetzing 

Ulothrix speciosa (Carmichael ex Harwey in Hooker) 

Kornmann, 

Ulothrix subflaccida Wille 

Ulva crassa Kjellman 

Synonyms 

Ulva latissima 

Ulvaria obscura (Kuetzing) Gayral 

Synonyms 

Monostroma blyttii 

Monostroma fuscum 

Ulva lactuca 

Ulva rigida 

Ulvella lens Crouan 

Urospora elaongata (Rosenv.) Hagem 

Urospora pencilliformis (Roth) Areschoug 

Synonyms 

Conferva hormoides 

Urospora wormskioldii (Mertens in Hornemann) 

Rosenvinge

Animalia 

PORIFERA 

Amphoriscus glacialis (Haeckel) 

Anchinoe dendyi (Topsent, 1913) 

Anchinoe roemeri Hentschel, 1929 

Artemisina apollinis (Ridley & Dendy, 1887) 

Artemisina arcigera (Schmidt, 1870) 

Asbestopluma bihamatifera (Carter, 1876) 

Asbestopluma pennatula (Schmidt, 1875) 

Biemna capillifera (Levinsen, 1886) 

Biemna gemmulifera (Breitfuss, 1912) 

Biemna groenlandica (Fristedt, 1887) 

Biemna peachii (Bowerbank, 1866) 

Bubaris vermiculata (Bowerbank, 1866) 

Chalina arbuscula Verrill (Fristedt) 

Chalina groenlandica Fristedt 

Cladorhiza abyssicola M. Sars, 1872 

Cladorhiza gelida Lundbeck, 1905 

Cladorhiza oxeata Lundbeck, 1905 

Cladorhiza tenuisigma Lundbeck, 1905 

Clathrina coriacea (Montague, 1812) 

Synonyms 

Leucosolenia coriacea 

Coelosphaera physa (Schmidt, 1875) 

Crella pyrula (Carter, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Grayella pyrula 

Crellomina derma Hentschel, 1929 

Crellomina imparidens Rezvoj, 1925 

Crellomina incrustans Hentschel, 1929 

Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862) 

Echinoclathria foliata (Bowerbank, 1874) 

Ectyodoryx (?) oligacantha Hentschel, 1928 

Ectyodoryx olgae Hentschel, 1928 

Esperiopsis forcipula Lundbeck, 1905 

Esperiopsis palmata 

Esperiopsis typichela Lundbeck, 1905 

Esperiopsis villosa (Carter, 1874) 

Eumastia sitiens Schmidt, 1870 

Eurypon spitzbergensis (Fristedt, 1887) 

Forcepia fabricans (Schmidt, 1874) 

Gelliodes plexa Lundbeck, 1902 

Gellius angulatus Lundbeck, 1902 

Gellius arcticus Hentschel, 1916 

Gellius porosus (Fristedt, 1887) 

Gellius varius (Bow.) Lundbeck 

Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 

Synonyms 

Sidonops baretti 

Grantia arctica (Haeckel, 1870) 

Grantia capillosa (Schmidt, 1862) 

Grantia compressa (Fabricius, 1780) 

Grantia utriculus (Schmidt, 1869) 

Halichondria fibrosa (Fristedt, 1887) 

Halichondria genitrix (Schmidt, 1870) 

81 

Halichondria heterorhaphis Breitfuss, 1912 

Halichondria labiata Hentschel, 1929 

Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) 

Halichondria velamentosa (Hansen, 1885) 

Haliclona cinerea (Grant, 1827) 

Synonyms 

Reniera cinerea 

Haliclona laxa (Lundbeck, 1902) 

Synonyms 

Reniera laxa 

Haliclona tromsoeica (Hentschel, 1929) 

Synonyms 

Reniera tromsoeica 

Haliclona tubulosa (Fristedt, 1887) 

Synonyms 

Reniera tubulosa 

Haliclona urceolus (Rathke & Vahl, 1806) 

Synonyms 

Reniera urceolus 

Haliclona ventilabrum (Fristedt, 1887) 

Halicnemia verticillata (Bowerbank, 1866) 

Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1872 

Hamacantha implicans Lundbeck, 1902 

Hemigellius arcoferus (Vosmaer, 1855) 

Synonyms 

Gellius arcoferus 

Hexadella dedritifera Topsent, 1913 

Hymedesmia derjugini (Breitfuss, 1912) 

Hymedesmia dermata Lundbeck, 1910 

Hymedesmia mammilaris (Fristedt, 1885) 

Hymedesmia rhodus Hentschel, 1929 

Hymedesmia truncata Lundbeck, 1910 

Hymeniacidon fasciculata (Fristedt, 1887) 

Synonyms 

Hymenacidon fasciculata 

Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) 

Synonyms 

Hymenacidon caruncula 

Hymenacidon perlevis 

Iophon cilis 

Iophon dubius (Hansen, 1885) 

Iophon frigidus Lundbeck, 1905 

Iophon piceus (Vosmaer, 1882) 

Iotrochota rotulancora Lundbeck, 1905 

Synonyms 

Iotrochota dubia 

Isodictya cf. palmata (Johnston, 1842) 

Isodictya flabelliformis (Hansen, 1885) 

Synonyms 

Homeodictya flabelliformis 

Isops phlegraei Sollas, 1880 

Synonyms 

Isops pallida 

Isops pyriformis 

Isops sphaeroides 

Latrunculia tricincta Hentschel, 1929 

Leuconia egedii (Schmidt, 1870) 

Leucosolenia canariensis Miklucho & Maclay, 

Leucosolenia complicata (Montagu, 1818) 

Leucosolenia variabilis (Haeckel, 1870) 

Lissodendoryx complicata Hansen, 1885 

Lissodendoryx diversichela Lundbeck, 1905

Lissodendoryx indistincta (Fristedt, 1887) 

Lissodendoryx lundbecki Topsent, 1913 

Lissodendoryx sophia (Fristedt, 1887) 

Melonanchora emphysema (Schmidt, 1875) 

Metschnikowia spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) 

Mycale lingua (Bowerbank 1866) 

Mycale ovulum (Schmidt, 1870) 

Mycale placoides (Carter, 1876) 

Myxilla brunnea Hansen, 1885 

Myxilla fimbriata (Bowerbank, 1866) 

Myxilla flabelliformis Hansen, 1885 

Myxilla incrustans (Johnston, 1842) 

Myxilla perspinosa Lundbeck, 1905 

Myxilla rosacea (Lieberkühn, 1859) 

Pachychalina caulifera Vosmaer, 1882 

Pachychalina fracta Hentschel, 1929 

Pachymatisma johnstonia (Bowerbank, 1842) 

Pericharax polejaevi Breitfuss, 1898 

Phakellia arctica Vosmaer, 1885 

Synonyms 

Axinella arctica 

Phakellia bowerbanki Vosmaer, 1885 

Phakellia cribrosa (Miklucho-Maclay, 1870) 

Phakellia rugosa Bowerbank, 1866 

Phakellia ventilabrum (Johnston, 1842) 

Phloeodictyon irregulare (Lundbeck) 

Plocamia lundbecki (Breitfuss, 1912) 

Plocamionida ambigua (Bowerbank, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Plocamia ambigua 

Polymastia mammilaris (Müller 1806) 

Polymastia mammilaris hyperborea Hentschel 

Polymastia robusta (Bowerbank, 1861) 

Polymastia uberrima (Schmidt, 1870) 

Psammopemma finmarchica Hentschel, 1929 

Pseudosuberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Suberites carnosus 

Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1887) 

Quasillina brevis (Bowerbank, 1862) 

Quasillina richardi Topsent, 1913 

Reniera glacialis Hentschel 

Reniera heterofibrosa Lundbeck 

Reniera spitzbergensis Hentschel, 1915 

Rhaphidotheca arctica Hentschel, 1929 

Rhizaxinella schaudinni Hentschel, 1929 

Schaudinnia arctica Schulze, 1900 

Scypha ciliata (Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Grantia ciliata 

Scyphidium septentrionale Schulze, 1900 

Sidonops mesotriaena Hentschel, 1929 

Siphonochalina mollicula Lundback, 

Sphaerotylus borealis (Swarczewsky, 1906) 

Sphaerotylus schoenus Sollas, 1882 

Stelletta rhaphidiophora Hentschel, 1929 

Stryphnus fortis (Vosmaer, 1885) 

Stylaxia variabilis Vosmaer 

Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868) 

82 

Suberites crelloides Marenzeller, 1886 

Suberites ficus (Johnston, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Suberites domuncula 

Suberites luetkeni Schmidt, 1870 

Synonyms 

Ficulina lutkeni 

Ficulina spermatozoon 

Suberites montiniger Carter,1880 

Synonyms 

Pseudosuberites montiniger 

Sycon raphanus (O. Schmidt, 1862) 

Tedania suctoria Schmidt, 1870 

Tentorium semisuberites (Schmidt, 1870) 

Tethya polyura (Schmidt) 

Tethya sibirica Fristedt, 1887 

Tethyopsilla zetlandica Carter 

Tetilla cranium (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Tethya cranium 

Tetilla infrequens (Carter, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Tethyopsilla infrequens 

Thenea levis Lendenfeld, 1906 

Thenea valdiviae Lendenfeld, 1907 

Tragosia sluiteri Vosmaer 

Trichasterina borealis Schulze, 1900 

Trichostemma grimaldi (Topsent, 1913) 

Trichostemma haemisphaericum M. Sars, in G.O. Sars 

1872 

Tylodesma rosea (Fristedt, 1887) 

Vosmaeria crustacea Fristedt, 1885 

CNIDARIA 

Hydrozoa 

Abietinaria abietina (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Diphasia abietina 

Sertularella abietina 

Thuiaria abietina 

Abietinaria filicula (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Abietinaria pulchra (Nutting, 1904) 

Aglantha digitale (O.F. Müller, ????) 

Aglaophenopsis compressa (Bonnevie, 1899) 

Bougavilla superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) 

Calycella syringa (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Campanulina syringa 

Lafoea pygmaea 

Campanularia crenata Allman, 1876 

Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856 

Campanularia speciosa Clark, 1876 

Campanularia volubilis (L., 1758) 

Candelabrum phrygium (O. Frabicius, 1780) 

Catablema vesicarium (A. Agassiz, 1862) 

Cladocarpus dubius Broch, 1910 

Cladocarpus formosus Allman, 1874 

Synonyms 

Aglaopenia formosa

Clava nudum (Broch, 1909) 

Synonyms 

Rhizogeton nudum 

Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850) 

Clytia hemisphaerica (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Campanularia johnstoni 

Clytia johnstoni 

Clytia volubilis 

Corymorpha arctica (Jäderholm) 

Corymorpha glacialis M. Sars, 1859 

Corymorpha groenlandica (Allman, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Corymorpha spitzbergensis 

Corymorpha nutans M. Sars, 1835 

Corymorpha purpurea (Bonnevie, 1899) 

Coryne pusilla Gärtner, in Pallas 1774 

Diphasia attenuata (Hincks, 1866) 

Diphasia fallax (Johnston, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Dynamena fallax 

Diphasia thujarioides (Clark) 

Diphyes arctica Chun, 1897 

Dymella laxa (Allman, 1874) 

Synonyms 

Thuiaria laxa 

Eudendrium annulatum Norman, 1864 

Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856 

Eudendrium insigne Hincks, 1861 

Eudendrium rameum (Pallas, 1766) 

Eudendrium ramosum (L., 1758) 

Eudendrium tenellum Allman, 1871 

Eudendrium vaginatum Allman, 1863 

Euphysa flammea (Linko, 1905) 

Filellum expansum Levinsen, 1893 

Filellum serpens (Hassall, 1848) 

Synonyms 

Lafoea serpens 

Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859) 

Synonyms 

Gonothyrea hyalina 

Laomedea hyalina 

Laomedea loveni 

Grammaria abietina (M. Sars, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Lafoea abietina 

Grammaria immersa Nutting, 1901 

Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Halecium boreale 

Halecium corrugatum Nutting, 1899 

Halecium curvicaule Lorenz, 1886 

Halecium halecinum (L., 1758) 

Halecium irregulare Bonnevie, 1899 

Halecium kuekenthali Marktanner - Turneretscher, 1890 

Halecium labrosum Alder, 1859 

Halecium minutum Broch, 1903 

Halecium muricatum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Halecium ornatum Nutting, 1901 

Halecium septentrionale Marktanner - Turneretscher, 

1890 

Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861 

83 

Halicornia compressa Bonnevie, 

Halitholus yoldiaarcticae (Birula, 1897) 

Hybocodon prolifer L. Agassiz, 1862 

Hydractinia allmanii Bonnevie, 1898 

Hydractinia carica Bergh, 1887 

Synonyms 

Hydractinia minuta 

Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) 

Hydractinia monocarpa Allman, 1876 

Hydrallmania falcata (L., 1758) 

Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Lafoea capillaris 

Lafoea fruticosa 

Lafoea gracilima 

Lafoea grandis grandis Hincks, 1874 

Lafoeina maxima (Levinsen, 1893) 

Lafoeina tenuis M. Sars in G. O. Sars, 1874 

Synonyms 

Campanulina humilis 

Cuspidella humilis 

Leuckartiara abyssi (G.O. Sars, 1874) 

Synonyms 

Perigonimus abyssi 

Modeeria rotunda (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827) 

Monobrachium parasitum Mereschkowsky, 1877 

Synonyms 

Monobranchia parasiticum 

Nemertesia antennina (L., 1758) 

Obelia dichotoma (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Laomedea dichotoma 

Laomedea plicata 

Obelia geniculata (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Sertularella geniculata 

Sertularia geniculata 

Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766) 

Synonyms 

Laomedea longissima 

Orthophyxis integra (MacGillivray, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Campanularia integra 

Pantachogon haeckeli Maas, 1893 

Perigonimus yoldiaearcticae Birula 

Plumularia variabilis Bonnevie, 

Podocoryne carnea M. Sars, 1846 

Synonyms 

Hydractinia carnea 

Rhizocaulus verticillatus (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Campanularia verticillata 

Sarsia brachygaster Grönberg, 1898 

Sarsia princeps (Haeckel, 1879) 

Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) 

Schizotricha polaris Naumov, 1960 

Schizotricha variabilis (Bonnevie, 1899) 

Sertularella gaudichaudi (Lamouroux, in de Freycinet, 

1824) 

Sertularella pinnata Clark, 1876 

Sertularella polyzonias (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Sertularella gigantea

Sertularella rugosa (L., 1758) 

Sertularella tenella (Alder, 1856) 

Sertularia albimaris Mereschowsky, 1878 

Sertularia fabricii (Broch, 1913) 

Sertularia mirabilis (Verrill, 1873) 

Synonyms 

Selaginopsis mirabilis 

Sertularia tenera G.O.Sars, 1874 

Synonyms 

Dynamena unilateralis 

Staurostoma mertensii (Brandt, 1834) 

Stegopoma plicatile (M. Sars, 1863) 

Synonyms 

Campanulina plicatilis 

Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus (Alder, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Sertularella tricuspidata 

Tetrapoma quadridentata (Hincks, 1874) 

Synonyms 

Lovenella quadridentata 

Thuiaria arctica (Bonnevie, 1899) 

Synonyms 

Selaginopsis arctica 

Thuiaria articulata (Pallas, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Salacia articulata 

Thuiaria lonchitis 

Thuiaria carica Levinsen, 1893 

Thuiaria cupressoides (Lepechin, 1783) 

Thuiaria decemserialis (Mereschkowsky, ) 

Thuiaria obsoleta (Lepechin, 1781) 

Synonyms 

Selaginopsis obsoleta 

Thuiaria thuja (L., 1758) 

Thuiaria variabilis Broch, 1918 

Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835) 

Toichopoma obliqua (Hincks, 1874) 

Synonyms 

Toichopoma obliquum 

Tubularia christinae (Hartlaub, ) 

Tubularia cornucopia Bonnevie, 1899 

Tubularia indivisa L., 1758 

Synonyms 

Tubularia variabilis in Bonnevie, K. 

Tubularia larynx Ellis & Solander, 1786 

Tubularia regalis Boeck, 1860 

Scyphozoa 

Aeginopsis laurentii Brandt, 1838 

Cyanea capillata (L.). 

Depastrum cyathiforme (M. Sars, 1846) 

Diphyes bipartita Costa 

Haliclystus auricula O. Fabricius, 1780 

Synonyms 

Haliclystus octoradiatus 

Lucernaria haeckeli (Antipa, 1892) 

Lucernaria infundibulum Haeckel, 1880 

Lucernaria quadricornis O. F. Müller, 1776 

Lucernaria walteri (Antipa, 1892) 

Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 

Synonyms 

84 

Pectyllis arctica 

Anthozoa 

Acthelmis schaudinnii Carlgren, 1921 

Actinia equina (L., 1758) 

Allantactis parasitica Danielssen, 1890 

Anthosactis janmayeni Danielssen, 1890 

Arachnactis albida M. Sars, 1846 

Bunodactis spetzbergensis (Carlgren, 1902) 

Bunodactis stella (Verrill, 1864) 

Cactosoma abyssorum Danielssen, 1890 

Capnella florida (Rathke in O.F. Müller, 1806) 

Synonyms 

Duva arborescens 

Duva aurantiaca 

Duva multiflora 

Duva rosea 

Duva spitsbergensis 

Duva violacea 

Eunephthya florida 

Eunephtya florida 

Capnella glomerata (Verrill, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Eunephtya glomerata 

Nephthya rosea 

Cerianthus lloydi Gosse, 1859 

Synonyms 

Cerianthus lloydii 

Clavularia alba (Grieg, 1888) 

Clavularia arctica (M. Sars, 1860) 

Cribrinopsis similis Carlgren, 1921 

Drifa hyalina Danielssen, 1891 

Edwardsia andresi Danielssen, 1890 

Edwardsia arctica Carlgren, 1921 

Edwardsia finmarchica Carlgren, 1921 

Edwardsia vitrea (Danielssen, 1890) 

Epizoanthus beerenislandicus Carlgren, 1913 

Epizoanthus danielsseni Carlgren, 1913 

Epizoanthus erdmanni Danielssen, 1890 

Epizoanthus glacialis Danielssen, 1890 

Epizoanthus norvegicus (Koren & Danielssen, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Polythoa norvegica 

Eunephthya fruticosa (M.Sars, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Gersemia fruticosa 

Paraspongodes fruticosa 

Gersemia glomerata (Verrill, 1869) 

Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Synonyms 

Alcyonium rubiformis 

Clavularia frigida 

Gersemia clavata 

Gersemia mirabilis 

Organidus nordenskjoeld 

Voeringia dryopsis 

Voeringia mirabilis 

Voeringia polaris 

Gersemia uvaeformis (May, 1900) 

Synonyms 

Paraspongoides uvaeformis 

Gersemiopsis arctica Danielsen, 1891 

Glandulactis spetsbergensis (Carlgren, 1921)

Synonyms 

Actinostola spetsbergensis 

Halcampa arctica Carlgren, 1893 

Haliactis arctica Carlgren, 1921 

Hormathia digitata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Chondractina digitata 

Hormathia nodosa (O. Frabicius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Chondractina nodosa 

Isozoanthus bulbosus Carlgeren, 1913 

Kadosactis spitzbergensis (Danielssen, 1890) 

Synonyms 

Phellia spetzbergensis 

Liponema multicornis (Verrill, 1879) 

Nematostella nathorsti (Carlgren, 1921) 

Nematostella polaris (Carlgren, 1921) 

Nephthya flavescens Danielsen, 1891 

Organidus nordenskjoeldi Danielsen, 1891 

Pachycerianthus multiplicatus Carlgren, 1912 

Synonyms 

Cerianthus sp. (Pachyc. m.) 

Paraspongodes caduca May, 1900 

Paraspongodes capitata (Danielssen, 1891) 

Synonyms 

Voeringia capitata 

Paraspongodes globosa May, 1900 

Paraspongodes luetkeni (Marenzeller, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Nephthya polaris 

Paraspongodes rubra May, 1898 

Pycnanthus densus Carlgren, 1918 

Sagartia troglodytes (Price, in Johnston 1847) 

Sideractis glacialis Danielssen, 1890 

Stomphia coccinea (O,F. Müller, 1776) 

Stomphia polaris (Danielsen, 1891) 

Synonyms 

Krystallofanes polaris 

Umbellula encrinus (L., 1758) 

Urticina crassicornis (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Urticina equees (Gosse, 1860) 

Urticina felina (L., 1761) 

Synonyms 

Tealia felina 

Virgularia tuberculata Marshall, 1833 

CTENOPHORA 

Beroe cucumis Fabricius, 1780 

Bolinopsis infundibulum (O.F. Müller) 

Synonyms 

Bolina infundibulum 

Mertensia ovum (Fabricius, 1780) 

Pleurobrachia pileus (Fabricius, 1780) 

NEMERTINI 

Amphiporus fabricii Levinsen, 1879 

Amphiporus groenlandicus Ørsted, 1844 

Cerebratulus barentsi Bürger 

Cerebratulus fuscus (McIntosh, 1873) 

Cerebratulus marginatus Renier, 1804 

85 

Cryptonemertes actinophila (Bürger, 1904) 

Emplectonema incompta Ehlers, 1871 

Micrura purpurea (Dalyell, 1853) 

Nemertopsella actinophila (Bürger, 1904) 

Synonyms 

Nemertopsis actinophila 

Nipponnemertes pulcher (Johnston, 1837) 

Synonyms 

Amphiporus pulcher 

Tubulanus annulatus (Montagu, 1804) 

Synonyms 

Carinella annulata 

NEMATODA 

Anoplostoma gracile Linstow, 1900 

Enoplus communis Bast. 

Enoplus edentatus Linstow, 1900 

Spilophora punctata Linstow, 1900 

Thoracostoma denticaudatum Schn. 

KAMPTOZOA (Entoprocta) 

Barentsia major Hincks, 1888 

Barentsia variarticulata K.A. Andersson, 1902 

Loxosoma phascolosomata (C. Vogt, 1876) 

Pedicellina gracilis (M. Sars, 1835) 

PRIAPULIDA 

Halicryptus spinulosus von Siebold, 1849 

Synonyms 

Halycriptus spinulosus 

Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Priapulus bicaudatus 

Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816 

ECHIURIDA 

Hamingia arctica Koren & Danielssen, 1881 

SIPUNCULIDA 

Golfingia glacialis (Daniellsen & Koren, 1881) 

Golfingia margaritacea (M. Sars, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Phascolosoma margaritaceum 

Nephasoma eremita (M. Sars, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Phascolosoma eremita 

Nephasoma lilljeborgii (Danielssen & Koren, 1881) 

Nephasoma minutum (Keferstein, 1863) 

Golfingia minuta 

Phascolosoma minutum

Phascolion strombus (Montagu, 1804) 

Synonyms 

Phascolion strombi 

Phascolisoma strombi 

ANNELIDA 

Polychaeta 

Abyssoninoe hibernica (McIntosh, 1903) 

Synonyms 

Lumbrineris scopa 

Acanthicolepis asperrima (M. Sars, 1861) 

Aglaophamus malmgreni Théel, 1879 

Amage auricula Malmgren, 1866 

Amagopsis klugei Pergament & Hlebovic 1964 

Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Ampharete grubei 

Ampharete baltica Eliason, 1955 

Ampharete falcata Eliason, 1955 

Ampharete finmarchica (M. Sars, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Ampharete arctica 

Ampharete finnmarchica 

Ampharete goesi Malmgren, 1866 

Ampharete lindstroemi Malmgren, 1867 

Ampharete vega (Wirén, 1883) 

Amphicteis gunneri (M. Sars, 1835) 

Amphicteis sundevalli Malmgren, 1866 

Amphitrite cirrata O.F. Müller, 1771 

Anobothrus gracilis (Malmgren, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Ampharete gracilis 

Anobothrus gracilis 

Sosane gracilis 

Antinoella badia Théel, 1879 

Antinoella sarsi (Kinberg, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Antinoe sarsii 

Harmothoe sarsi 

Apistobranchus tullbergi (Théel, 1879) 

Arenicola marina (L., 1758) 

Aricidea hartmanni 

Artacama proboscidea Malmgren, 1866 

Synonyms 

Artacama proboseidea 

Augeneria algida (Wirén, 1901) 

Synonyms 

Lumbriconereis algida 

Lumbrineris algida 

Autolytus prismaticus (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Autolytus prolifer (O.F. Müller, 1784) 

Autolytus verrilli Marenzeller, 1892 

Axionice flexuosa (Grube, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Pista flexuosa 

Axionice maculata (Dalyell, 1853) 

Synonyms 

Pista maculata 

Scione lobata 

Baffinia hesslei (Annenkova, 1924) 

Synonyms 

86 

Baffinia hesseleyi 

Terebella hesslei 

Bathyfauvelia affinis (Fauvel, 1914) 

Brada granulosa Hansen, 1882 

Brada incrustata Støp-Bowitz, 1948 

Brada inhabilis (Rathke, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Brada granulata 

Brada rugosa (Hansen, 1882) 

Brada villosa (Rathke, 1843) 

Branchiomma infarcta (Krøyer, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Dasychone infarcta 

Bushiella evoluta (Bush, 1905) 

Bushiella verruca (O: Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Serpula verruca 

Spirorbis glomerata 

Spirorbis verruca 

Bylgides annenkovae Pettibone, 1993 

Bylgides elegans (Théel, 1879) 

Bylgides promamme (Malmgren, 1867) 

Capitella capitata (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Chaetozone abranchiata (Hansen, 1878) 

Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 

Chirimia biceps (M. Sars, 1861) 

Synonyms 

Asychis biceps 

Chitinopoma groenlandica (Mörch, 1863) 

Chitinopoma serrula (Stimpson, 1854) 

Chone duneri Malmgren, 1867 

Chone infundibuliformis Krøyer, 1856 

Chone paucibranchiata Krøyer, 1856 

Circeis spirillum (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Spirorbis spirillum 

Cirratulus cirratus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Cirrophorus branchiatus Ehlers, 1908 

Clymenura polaris (Théel, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Leiochone polaris 

Cossura longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887 

Diplocirrus glaucus (Malmgren, 1867) 

Diplocirrus hirsutus (Hansen, 1879) 

Diplocirrus longisetosus (Marenzeller, 1890) 

Synonyms 

Diplocirrus longosetosa 

Dorvillea ? roemeri Augener 

Synonyms 

Stauronereis roemeri 

Dorvillea rubrovittata (Grube, 1855) 

Synonyms 

Stauronereis rubrovittata 

Dysponetus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1879 

Eclysippe vanelli (Fauvel, 1936) 

Eteone arctica Malmgren, 1867 

Eteone barbata (Malmgren, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Mysta barbata 

Eteone flava (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Eteone flava/longa (O. Fabricius, 1780)

Eteone longa (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Eteone spetsbergensis Malmgren, 1865 

Euchone analis (Krøyer, 1865) 

Euchone elegans Verril, 1873 

Euchone papillosa (M. Sars, 1851) 

Euchone rubella Ehl. 

Euchone rubrocincta (M. Sars, 1851) 

Euclymene affinis (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872) 

Synonyms 

Praxilella affinis 

Praxillella affinis 

Euclymene droebachiensis (M. Sars, 1872) 

Eucranta villosa Malmgren, 1866 

Eulalia bilineata (Johnston, 1840) 

Eulalia hanssoni Pleijel, 1987 

Eulalia viridis (L., 1767) 

Eumida arctica (Annenkova, 1946) 

Eumida sanguinea (Ørsted, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Eulalia sanguinea 

Eunice norvegica (L., 1767) 

Eunice pennata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) 

Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren, 1866 

Synonyms 

Eunoe scabra 

Euphrosine borealis Ørsted, 1843 

Eupolymnia nesidensis (Della Chiaje, 1828) 

Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren, 1867 

Eusyllis monilicornis Malmgren, 1867 

Fabricia stellaris (O.F. Müller, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Fabricia sabella 

Filograna implexa Berkeley, 1828 

Flabelligera affinis M. Sars, 1829 

Gattyana amondseni (Malmgren, 1867) 

Gattyana cirrhosa (Pallas, 1766) 

Glycera alba (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Glycera capitata Ørsted, 1843 

Glyphanostomum pallescens (Théel, 1879) 

Harmothoe alba Malmgren, 1866 

Harmothoe aspera (Hansen, 1878) 

Harmothoe borealis (Théel, 1879) 

Harmothoe fragilis Moore, 1910 

Harmothoe glabra (Malmgren, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Harmothoe longisetis 

Harmothoe globifera (G.O. Sars, 1873) 

Harmothoe imbricata (L., 1767) 

Harmothoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1860) 

Heteromastus filiformis (Claparède, 1864) 

Hyalinoecia tubicola (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Nereis tubicola 

Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus, 1768 

Synonyms 

Hydroides norvegica 

Jasmineira schaudinni Augener 

Jugaria granulata (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

87 

Spirorbis granulatus 

Jugaria quadrangularis (Stimpson, 1854) 

Jugaria similis (Bush, 1905) 

Laetmonice filicornis Kinberg, 1855 

Lagisca rarispina (M. Sars, 1861) 

Synonyms 

Harmothoe rarispina 

Lanassa nordenskioeldi Malmgren, 1866 

Lanassa venusta (Malm, 1874) 

Langerhansia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Syllis cornuta 

Typosyllis cornuta 

Laonice cirrata (M. Sars, 1851) 

Laonice sarsi Söderström, 1920 

Laonome kroeyeri Malmgren, 1865 

Synonyms 

Laonome kroyeri 

Laphania boecki Malmgren, 1866 

Leaena ebranchiata (M. Sars, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Laeana aebranchiata 

Lepidonotus squamatus (L., 1767) 

Levinsenia gracilis (Tauber, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Paraonis gracilis 

Tauberia gracilis 

Lumbriclymene minor Arwidsson, 1906 

Lumbrineris impatiens Claparède, 1868 

Lysippe labiata Malmgren, 1866 

Macellicephala longipalpa Uschakov, 1957 

Macellicephala violacea (Levinsen, 1887) 

Synonyms 

Macellicephalia violacea 

Maldane sarsi Malmgren, 1865 

Malmgreniella arenicolae (Saint-Joseph, 1888) 

Malmgreniella lunulata (Delle Chiaje, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Harmothoe lunulata 

Marenzelleria wireni Augner, 1913 

Synonyms 

Microspio wireni 

Paraspio wireni 

Melaenis loveni Malmgren, 1866 

Melinna cristata (M. Sars, 1851) Mackie & Pleijel 1995 

Synonyms 

Melinna elisabethae 

Melythasides laubieri Desbruyères, 1978 

Myriochele danielsseni Hansen, 1879 

Myriochele fragilis Nilsen & Holthe, 1985 

Myriochele heeri Malmgren, 1867 

Myriochele oculata Zaks, 1923 

Synonyms 

Galathowenia oculata 

Mystides caeca Lagerhans, 1880 

Synonyms 

Mystides borealis 

Myxicola infundibulum (Reiner, 1804) 

Myzostomum giganteum Nansen, 1885

Naineris quadricuspida (Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Naidonereis quadricuspida 

Nemidia torelli Malmgren, 1866 

Neoamphitrite affinis (Malmgren, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Amphitrite affinis 

Neoamphitrite groenlandica Malmgren, 1866 

Nephtys ciliata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Nephtys paradoxa Malm, 1874 

Nephtys pente Rainer, 1984 

Nereimyra aphroditoides (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Castalia aphroditoides 

Nereimyra arctica (Malmgren, 1867) 

Nereimyra punctata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Castalia punctata 

Nereis pelagica L., 1758 

Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 

Nicolea venustula (Montagu, 1818) 

Nicolea zostericola (Ørsted, 1844) 

Synonyms 

Nicolea arctica 

Nicomache lumbricalis (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Nicomache minor Arwidsson, 1906 

Nicomache quadrispinata Arwidsson, 1906 

Nothria conchylega (M. Sars, 1835) 

Synonyms 

Nothria britannica 

Onuphis conchylega 

Notomastus latericeus M. Sars, 1851 

Synonyms 

Notomastus latericus 

Notoproctus oculatus Arwidsson, 1907 

Notoproctus oculatus var. arctica Arwidsson 

Ophelia borealis (Rathke, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Ophelia limacina 

Ophelina abranchiata Støp-Bowitz, 1948 

Ophelina acuminata Ørsted, 1843 

Synonyms 

Ammotrypane aulogaster 

Ophelina aulogaster 

Ophelina cylindricaudata (Hansen, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Ammotrypane cylindricaudata 

Ophelina helgolandia Augener,1912 

Ophelina opisthobranchiata Wirén 

Ophryotrocha puerilis Claparede & Mecznikow, 1869 

Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1841 

Paractius littoralis (Levinsen, 1878) 

Paradexiospira violacea (Levinsen, 1884) 

Synonyms 

Spirorbis violaceus 

Paradexiospira vitrea (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Spirorbis vitreus 

Paradoneis lyra (Southern, 1914) 

Synonyms 

Paraonides lyra 

Paraonis lyra 

Paramphinome jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1868) 

88 

Synonyms 

Paramphinoe jeffreysi 

Paramphinome pulchella 

Paramphitrite birulai (Solowiew, 1899) 

Synonyms 

Amphitrite birulai 

Paranaitis aff. polynoides (Moore, 1909) 

Paranaitis wahlbergi (Malmgren, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Anaitides wahlbergi 

Paraninoe minuta (Théel, 1879) 

Pectinaria auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Amphicteis auricoma 

Pectinaria granulata (L., 1767) 

Pectinaria hyperborea (Malmgren, 1866) 

Pectinaria koreni (Malmgren, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Lagis koreni 

Petaloproctus tenuis (Théel, 1879) 

Pherusa arctica Støp-Bowitz, 1948 

Pherusa plumosa (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Trophonia plumosa 

Phisidia aurea Southward, 1956 

Synonyms 

Physidia aurea 

Pholoe inornata Johnston, 1839 

Synonyms 

Phloe minuta 

Pholoe minuta 

Pholoe synopthalmica Claparède, 1868 

Phyllodoce citrina Malmgren, 1865 

Synonyms 

Anaitides citrina 

Phyllodoce groenlandica Ørsted, 1843 

Synonyms 

Anaitides groenlandica 

Anaitides groenlandicus 

Phyllodoce maculata (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Anaitides maculata 

Phyllodoce mucosa Ørsted, 1843 

Synonyms 

Anaitides mucosa 

Pionosyllis compacta Malmgren, 1867 

Pista cristata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Placostegus tridentatus (J.C. Fabricius, 1779) 

Polycirrus arcticus M. Sars, 1865 

Synonyms 

Leucariste albicans 

Polycirrus medusa Grube, 1850 

Synonyms 

Ereutho smitti 

Polycirrus norvegicus (Wollebæk, 1912) 

Polydora caulleryi Mesnil, 1897 

Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838) 

Polydora coeca (Ørsted, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Polydora caeca 

Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883

Polyphysia crassa (Ørsted, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Eumenia crassa 

Polyphysia quaterbranchiata 

Pomatoceros triqueter (L., 1767) 

Potamilla neglecta (M. Sars, 1851) 

Praxillella gracilis (M. Sars, 1861) 

Synonyms 

Praxilella gracilis 

Praxillella praetermissa (Malmgren, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Euclymene praetermissa 

Praxilella praetermissa 

Praxillura longissima Arwidsson, 1907 

Prionospio cirrifera Wirèn, 1883 

Synonyms 

Minuspio cirrifera 

Prionospio cirriferra 

Proceraea prismatica (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Proclea graffi (Langerhans, 1884) 

Proclea malmgreni (Ssolowiew, 1899) 

Protula similis (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875) 

Synonyms 

Apomatus globifer Théel, 1879 

Apomatus similis 

Pseudoscalibregma longisetosum Théel 

Pygospio elegans (Claparède, 1863) 

Rhodine gracilior Tauber, 1879 

Rhodine loveni Malmgren, 1865 

Sabella fabricii Fauvel, 1927 

Synonyms 

Sabella crassicornis 

Sabellides borealis M. Sars, 1856 

Sabellides octocirrata (M. Sars, 1835) 

Samytha sexcirrata (M. Sars, 1856) 

Samythella neglecta Wollebæk, 1912 

Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 

Scoletoma fragilis (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Lumbriconereis fragilis 

Lumbriconeris minuta 

Lumbrineris fragilis 

Lumbrineris minuta 

Scoletoma magnidentata (Winsnes, 1981) 

Synonyms 

Lumbrineris magnidentata 

Scoloplos armiger (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Sosanopsis wireni Hessle, 1917 

Sphaerodoropsis minuta (Webster & Benedict, 1887) 

Synonyms 

Sphaerodoridium minutum 

Sphaerodorum gracilis (Rathke, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Ephesia gracilis 

Sphaerodorum flavum 

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus Claparède, 1863 

Synonyms 

Sphaerosyllis latipalpis 

Spinther citrinus (Stimpson, 1854) 

Spio armata (Thulin, 1957) 

Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1871 

Synonyms 

Spio decorata 

89 

Spio filicornis (O.F. Müller, 1766) 

Spio martinensis Mesnil, 1896 

Synonyms 

Microspio arctica 

Spio arctica 

Spiochaetopterus typicus M. Sars, 1856 

Spiophanes kroyeri Grube, 1860 

Synonyms 

Spiophanes kroeyeri 

Spiophanes wigleyi Pettibone, 1962 

Spirorbis spirorbis (L., 1758) 

Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) 

Syllis oerstedi (Malmgren, 1867) 

Terebellides stroemi M. Sars, 1835 

Thelepus cincinnatus (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Travisia forbesii Johnston, 1840 

Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren, 1866 

Typosyllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Syllis armillaris 

Typosyllis fasciata Malmgren, 1867 

Archiannelida 

Archienchytraeus gemmatus Eisen, 1879 

Oligochaeta 

Lumbricillus pagenstecheri (Ratzel,1869) 

Synonyms 

Lumbricillus aegialites 

POGONOPHORA 

Nereilinum murmanicum Ivanov, 1961 

CHELICERATA 

Boreonymphon robustum (Bell, 1855) 

Synonyms 

Nymphon (Boreonymphon) robustum 

Nymphon robustum 

Chaetonymphon hirtipes (Bell, 1842) 

Chaetonymphon hirtum (J.C. Fabricius, 1794) 

Synonyms 

Nymphon hirtum 

Chaetonymphon macronyx (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Chaetonymphon spinosissimum Norman, 1894 

Chaetonymphon spinosum (Goodsir, 1842) 

Colossendeis proboscidea (Sabine, 1870) 

Cordylochele brevicollis G.O. Sars, 1888 

Cordylochele malleolata (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Eurycyde hispida (Krøyer, 1844) 

Nymphon elegans (H.J. Hansen, 1886) 

Nymphon gracilipes Heller, 1875 

Nymphon grossipes (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Nymphon brevitarse 

Nymphon leptocheles G.O. Sars, 1888 

Nymphon longimanum G.O. Sars, 1888 

Nymphon longitarse Krøyer, 1845 

Synonyms 

Nymphon longitorse

Nymphon megalops G.O. Sars, 1877 

Nymphon microrhyncum G.O. Sars 

Nymphon mixtum Krøyer, 1844-45 

Nymphon serratum G.O. Sars, 1879 

Nymphon sluiteri Hoek, 1881 

Nymphon spinosum f. hirtipes G.O. Sars 

Nymphon stroemi Krøyer, 1844 

Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) 

CRUSTACEA 

Ostracoda 

Acanthocytheris dunelmensis (Norman, 1865) 

Argilloecia liefdefjordensis Hartman, 1992 

Baffinicythere emarginata (G.O. Sars, 1865) 

Baffinicythere howei Hazel, 1967 

Bythocythere constricta G.O. Sars, 1866 

Bythocythere turgida G.O. Sars, 1866 

Conchoecia borealis G.O. Sars, 

Cythere lutea (O.F. Müller, 1785) 

Cytheromorpha macchesneyi (Brady & Crossekey, 1871) 

Cytheropteron angulatum (Brady, 1868) 

Cytheropteron dimlingtonensis Neale & Howe, 1973 

Cytheropteron hamatum G.O. Sars, 1870 

Cytheropteron latissimum (Norman, 1869) 

Cytheropteron nodosoalatum Neale & Howe, 1973 

Cytheropteron nodosum Brady, 1868 

Cytheropteron pseudomonstrosiense Whatley & Masson, 

1980 

Cytheropteron pyramidale Brady, 1868 

Cytheropteron testudo G.O. Sars, 1870 

Cytherura undata G.O. Sars, 1866 

Echinocythereis mirabilis (Brady, 1868) 

Elofsonella concinna (Jones, 1857) 

Elofsonella latimarginata (Speyer, 1863) 

Finmarchinella angulata (G.O. Sars, 1866) 

Finmarchinella barentzovoensis (Mandelstam, 1957) 

Finmarchinella curvicostata Neale, 1974 

Hemicythere costata (Brady, 1866) 

Hemicythere emarginata (G.O. Sars, 1866) 

Hemicytheura clathrata (G.O. Sars, 1866) 

Heterocyprides sorbyana (Jones, 1856) 

Krithe producta Brady, 1880 

Muellerina abyssicola (G.O. Sars, 1886) 

Palmenella limicola (Norman, 1865) 

Paradoxostoma arcticum Elofson, 1941 

Paradoxostoma rostratum G.O. Sars, 1865 

Paradoxostoma variabile (Baird, 1835) 

Philomedes globusus (Lilljeborg, 1853) 

Synonyms 

Philomedes brenda 

Philomedes brenda (Baird) in Sars, 18 

Philomedes lilljeborgi G.O. Sars, 1866 

Polycope orbicularis G.O. Sars, 1866 

Rabilimis septentrionalis (Brady, 1866) 

Robertsonites tuberculatus (G.O. Sars, 1866) 

Sarsicytheridea bradii (Norman, 1865) 

90 

Sarsicytheridea macrolaminata (Elofson, 1939) 

Sarsicytheridea punctillata (Brady, 1865) 

Sclerochilus contortus (Norman, 1861) 

Sclerochilus makeoeyanensis Hartmann, 1994 

Semicytherura glaseri Hartmann, 1992 

Semicytherura nigrescens (Baird, 1838) 

Semicytherura undata (G.O. Sars, 1866) 

Xestoleberis blumeli Hartmann, 1992 

Xestoleberis depressa G.O. Sars, 1866 

Copepoda 

Acartia longiremis Liljeborg 

Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) 

Calanus glacialis (Jaschnov) 

Calanus hyperboreus Kroyer 

Dermatomyzon nigripes Brady 

Synonyms 

Ascomyzon nigripes 

Gaidius tenuispinus (G.O. Sars, 1900) 

Synonyms 

Chiridius tenuispinus 

Harpacticus chelifer (O.F. Müller, ) 

Heterlaophonte stroemi (Baird, 1850) 

Metridia longa (Lubbock) 

Microsetella atlantica Br. & Rob. 

Oithona plumifera Baird 

Oithona similis Claus. 

Oncaea borealis G.O. Sars 

Oncaea conifera Giesbrecht, 1892 

Parathalestris jacksoni (Scott, 1898) 

Pareuchaeta norvegica (Boeck, 1872) 

Synonyms 

Euchaeta norvegica 

Pseudocalanus elongatus Boeck 

Pseudocalanus pygmaeus G.O. Sars, 1900 

Scolecithrix roemeri Mrázek, 1902 

Spinocalanus schaudinni Mrázek, 1902 

Cirripedia 

Balanus balanus (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Balanus porcatus 

Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789 

Chirona hammeri (Ascanius, 1767) 

Synonyms 

Balanus hammeri 

Clistosaccus paguri Lilljeborgi, 1860 

Lepas anatifera L., 1758 

Peltogaster paguri Rathke, 1842 

Scalpellum cornutum G.O. Sars, 1879 

Scalpellum hamatum G.O. Sars, 1879 

Scalpellum nymphocola Hoek, 1883 

Scalpellum striolatum G.O. Sars, 1877 

Scalpellum stroemi M. Sars, 1859 

Synonyms 

Scalpellum stroemii

Semibalanus balanoides (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Balanus balanoides 

Sylon hippolytes M. Sars, 1870 

Verruca stroemia (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Malacostraca 

Leptostraca 

Nebalia bipes (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Mysidacea 

Boreomysis arctica (Krøyer, 1861) 

Boreomysis nobilis G.O. Sars, 1885 

Boreomysis scyphops G.O. Sars, 1879 

Dactylamblyops sarsi (Ohlin, 1901) 

Synonyms 

Amblyops sarsi 

Erythrops abyssorum G.O. Sars, 1869 

Erythrops erythrophthalma (Goes, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Erythrops göesii 

Erythrops glacialis G.O. Sars, 1885 

Meterythrops robusta S.I. Smith, 1879 

Michtheimysis mixta (Lilljeborg, 1852) 

Synonyms 

Mysis mixta 

Mysis oculata (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Mysis relicta Lovén, 1852 

Parerythrops obesa (G.O. Sars, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Parerythrops robusta 

Parerythrops spectabilis G.O. Sars, 1885 

Praunus inermis (Rathke, 1843) 

Pseudomma truncatum S.I. Smith, 1879 

Schistomysis ornata (G.O. Sars, 1864) 

Stilomysis grandis (Goës, 1863) 

Synonyms 

Mysideis grandis 

Cumacea 

Brachydiastylis resima (Krøyer, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Diastylis resima 

Diastylopsis resima 

Campylapsis intermedia H.J. Hansen, 1920 

Campylaspis affinis G. O. Sars, 1870 

Campylaspis rubicunda (Lilljeborg, 1855) 

Diastylis echinata Bate, 1865 

Diastylis edwardsi (Krøyer, 1841) 

Diastylis glabra Zimmer, 1900 

Diastylis goodsiri (Bell, 1855) 

Diastylis lepechini Zimmer, 1926 

Diastylis lucifera (Krøyer, 1841) 

Diastylis oxyrhyncha Zimmer, 1926 

Diastylis polaris G. O. Sars, 1872 

Diastylis rathkei (Krøyer, 1841) 

Diastylis scorpioides (Lepechin, 1780) 

91 

Diastylis spinulosa Heller, 1875 

Synonyms 

Diastylis nodosa 

Eudorella emarginata (Krøyer, 1846) 

Eudorella gracilis G.O. Sars, 1871 

Eudorella hirsuta (G.O. Sars, 1869) 

Eudorella spitzbergensis Zimmer, 1926 

Hemilamprops cristatus (G.O. Sars, 1870) 

Synonyms 

Hemilamprops cristata 

Lamprops fuscatus G.O. Sars, 1865 

Synonyms 

Lamprops fuscata 

Leptostylis macrura G.O. Sars, 1870 

Leptostylis villosa G.O. Sars, 1869 

Leucon fulvus G.O. Sars, 1865 

Leucon nasica (Krøyer, 1841) 

Leucon nasicoides Liljeborg, 1855 

Leucon nathorsti Ohlin, 1901 

Leucon pallidus G.O. Sars, 1865 

Leucon spinulosus H.J. Hansen, 1920 

Petalosarsia declivis (G.O. Sars, 1865) 

Platysympus tricarinatus H.J. Hansen, 1920 

Platysympus typicus (G.O. Sars, 1870) 

Tanaidacea 

Collettea cylindrata (G.O.Sars, 1882) 

Synonyms 

Strongylura cylindrata 

Cryptocopoides arctica (H.J. Hansen, 1886) 

Synonyms 

Cryptocope arctica 

Leptognathia breviremis (Lilljeborg, 1864) 

Leptognathia gracilis (Krøyer, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Leptognathia sarsi 

Leptognathia inermis H.J. Hansen, 1913 

Leptognathia longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1864) 

Leptognathia ventralis H.J. Hansen, 1913 

Pseudotanais affinis H.J. Hansen, 1986 

Pseudotanais lilljeborgi G.O. Sars, 1882 

Pseudotanais macrocheles G.O. Sars, 1882 

Sphyrapus serratus G.O. Sars, 1882 

Spyraphus anomalus G.O. Sars, 1869 

Synonyms 

Sphyrapus serratus 

Spyrapus anomalus 

Typhlotanais aequiremis (Liljeborg, 1865) 

Typhlotanais finmarchicus G.O. Sars, 1882 

Typhlotanais variabilis H.J. Hansen, 1913 

Amphipoda 

Acanthonotozoma cristatum (Ross, 1835) 

Synonyms 

Vertumnus cristatus 

Acanthonotozoma inflatum (Krøyer, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Vertumnus inflatus

Acanthonotozoma serratum (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Vertumnus serratus 

Acanthonotozoma sinuatum Just, 1978 

Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Goës, 1866) 

Aceroides latipes G.O. Sars,1866 

Aegina spinifera G.O. Sars, 1886 

Aeginella spinosa Boeck, 1861 

Aeginina longicornis (Krøyer, 1843) 

Synonyms 

Aegina longicornis 

Aegina spinosissima 

Aeginella longicornis 

Aeginina spinifera Bell. in Sars 1885 

Amathillopsis spinigera Heller, 1875 

Ampelisca eschrichti Krøyer, 1842 

Ampelisca macrocephala Liljeborg, 1852 

Amphilochus manudens Bate, 1862 

Andaniella pectinata G.O. Sars, 1882 

Andaniexis lupus Berge & Vader, 1997 

Anonyx bispinosus Steel, 1967 

Anonyx debruyni Hoek, 1882 

Anonyx laticoxae Gurjanova, 1962 

Synonyms 

Anonix laticoxae 

Anonyx lilljeborgi Boeck, 1870 

Anonyx nugax (Phipps, 1774) 

Anonyx sarsi Steele & Brunel, 1968 

Apherusa cirrus (Bate, 1862) 

Apherusa glacialis (Hansen, 1887) 

Apherusa sarsii Shoemaker, 1930 

Synonyms 

Apherusa megalops (in Sars...) 

Apherusa tridentata (Bruzelius, 1859) 

Argissa hamatipes (Norman, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Argissa typica 

Aristias tumidus (Krøyer, 1846) 

Arrhinopsis longicornis Stappers, 1911 

Arrhis phyllonyx (M. Sars, 1858) 

Synonyms 

Aceros phyllonyx 

Atylus carinatus (Fabricius, 1793) 

Atylus smitti (Goës, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Nototropis smitti 

Bathymedon obtusifrons (Hansen, 1883) 

Byblis abyssi G.O. Sars, 1879 

Byblis gaimardi (Krøyer, 1846) 

Byblis minuticornis G.O. Sars, 1879 

Synonyms 

Ampelisca minuticornis 

Calliopius laeviusculus (Krøyer, 1838) 

Caprella linearis (L., 1767) 

Caprella microtuberculata G.O. Sars, 1879 

Caprella septentrionalis Krøyer, 1838 

Synonyms 

Caprella punctata 

Centromedon calcaratus (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Anonyx calcaratus 

Centromedon productus Goës, 1866 

92 

Centromedon pumilus (Lilljeborg, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Anonyx pumilus 

Cleippides quadricuspis Heller, 1875 

Corophium bonnellii (Milne-Edwards, 1830) 

Corophium crassicorne Bruzelius, 1859 

Dulichia spinosissima Krøyer, 1845 

Dulichia tuberculata Boeck, 1870 

Dulichiopsis macera (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Dyopedos monachanthus (Metzger, 1875) 

Epimeria loricata G.O. Sars, 1879 

Ericthonius difformis Milne-Edwards, 1830 

Ericthonius megalops (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Eurythenes gryllus Lichtenstein, 1822 

Synonyms 

Eurystenes gryllus 

Eusirus cuspidatus Krøyer, 1845 

Gammaracanthus loricatus (Sabine, 1821) 

Gammarellus homari (Fabricius, 1779) 

Synonyms 

Amathilla homari 

Amathilla sabini 

Gammarellus sabini (Leach) 

Gammarus locusta (L., 1758) 

Gammarus marinus Leach, 1815 

Synonyms 

Marinogammarus marinus 

Gammarus oceanicus Segerstråle, 1947 

Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931 

Gammarus wilkitzkii Birula, 1897 

Synonyms 

Lagunogammarus wilkitzkii 

Gitana sarsi Boeck, 1871 

Gitanopsis arctica G.O. Sars, 1892 

Gitanopsis inermis G.O. Sars, 1882 

Goesia depressa (Goës, 1866) 

Gronella lobata (Chevreux, 1907) 

Halirages elegans (Norman, 1882) 

Halirages fulvocincta (M. Sars, 1858) 

Halirages quadridentata G.O. Sars, 1876 

Haliragoides inermis (G.O. Sars, 1882) 

Haploops laevis Hoek, 1882 

Haploops setosa Boeck, 1871 

Synonyms 

Haploops robusta 

Haplops setosa 

Haploops tubicola Liljeborg, 1855 

Harpinia abyssi G.O. Sars, 1879 

Harpinia mucronata G.O. Sars, 1879 

Harpinia plumosa (Krøyer, 1842) 

Harpinia propinqua G.O. Sars, 1891 

Harpinia serrata G.O. Sars, 1879 

Hippomedon holbolli (Krøyer, 1846) 

Hippomedon propinquus G.O. Sars, 1890 

Hyperia galba (Montagu) 

Hyperia medusarum (O.F. Müller) 

Hyperia spinigera Bovallius 

Hyperoche kroyeri (Bovallius) 

Hyperoche medusarum (Kroyer) 

Idunella aequicornis (G.O. Sars, 1876)

Ischyrocerus anguipes Krøyer, 1838 

Synonyms 

Podoceros anguipes 

Ischyrocerus brevicornis (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Podoceros brevicornis 

Ischyrocerus latipes Krøyer, 1842 

Synonyms 

Ischyrocerus assimilis 

Ischyrocerus megacheir (Boeck, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Ischyrocerus spitzbergensis 

Podoceros megacheir 

Ischyrocerus megalops G.O. Sars, 1894 

Lepidepecreella cymba (Goës, 1866) 

Lepidepecreum umbo (Goës, 1866) 

Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) 

Maera loveni (Bruzelius, 1859) 

Maera prionochira Brüggen, 1907 

Melita dentata (Krøyer, 1842) 

Melita formosa Murdoch, 1866 

Melita pallida G.O. Sars, 1879 

Melita quadrispinosa Vosseler, 1889 

Melphidippa borealis Boeck, 1871 

Melphidippa goesi Stebbing, 1899 

Menigrates obtusifrons (Boeck, 1861) 

Metacaprella horrida (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Caprella horrida 

Caprella spinosissima Norm. in Sars 1885 

Metopa aequicornis G.O. Sars, 1879 

Metopa alderi (Bate, 1857) 

Synonyms 

Metopa spectabilis 

Metopa bruzelii (Goës, 1866) 

Metopa glacialis (Krøyer, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Proboloides glacialis 

Metopa sinuata G.O. Sars, 1892 

Metopa spitzbergensis Brüggen, 1907 

Monoculodes borealis Boeck, 1871 

Monoculodes kroeyeri Boeck, 1871 

Monoculodes latimanus (Goës, 1866) 

Monoculodes longirostris (Goës, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Monoculodes longirostus 

Monoculodes norvegicus (Boeck, 1861) 

Monoculodes packardi Boeck, 1871 

Monoculodes schneideri G.O. Sars, 1892 

Monoculodes subnudus Norman, 1889 

Synonyms 

Monoculodes falcatus 

Monoculodes subnutus 

Monoculodes tesselatus Schneider, 1883 

Synonyms 

Monoculodes tessellatus 

Monoculodes tuberculatus Boeck, 1871 

Monoculopsis longicornis (Boeck, 1871) 

Neohela monstrosa (Boeck, 1861) 

Neopleustes pulchellus (Krøyer, 1846) 

Nicippe tumida Bruzelius, 1859 

93 

Odius carinatus (Bate, 1862) 

Oediceros borealis Boeck, 1871 

Oediceros saginatus Krøyer, 1842 

Onisimus affinis H.J. Hansen, 1886 

Onisimus brevicaudatus Hansen, 1886 

Onisimus caricus H.J. Hansen, 1886 

Onisimus edwardsi (Krøyer, 1846) 

Onisimus glacialis (G.O. Sars, 1900) 

Synonyms 

Pseudalibrotus glacialis 

Onisimus litoralis (Krøyer, 1845) 

Synonyms 

Pseudalibrotus littoralis 

Onisimus nanseni (G.O. Sars, 1900) 

Synonyms 

Pseudalibrotus nanseni 

Onisimus plautus (Krøyer, 1845) 

Orchomene crispatus (Goës, 1866) 

Orchomene serratus (Boeck, 1861) 

Orchomenella minuta (Krøyer, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Orchomene minutus 

Orchomenella pinguis (Boeck, 1861) 

Paramphithoe hystrix (Ross, 1835) 

Synonyms 

Acanthozone cuspidata 

Paraphoxus oculatus (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Parapleustes assimilis (G.O. Sars, 1882) 

Parapleustes bicuspis (Krøyer, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Neopleustes bicuspis 

Paramphithoe bicuspis 

Parapleustes monocuspis 

Parapleustes gracilis (Buchholz, 1874) 

Synonyms 

Paramphithoe brevicornis 

Pardalisca abyssi Boeck, 1871 

Pardalisca cuspidata Krøyer, 1842 

Pardalisca tenuipes G.O. Sars, 1893 

Paroediceros lynceus (M. Sars, 1858) 

Synonyms 

Oediceros lynceus 

Paroediceros propinquus (Goës, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Paroediceros propinguus 

Phippsia romeri Schellenberg, 1924 

Phippsiella similis (G.O. Sars, 1891) 

Synonyms 

Stegocephalus similis 

Photis reinhardi Krøyer, 1842 

Photis tenuicornis G.O. Sars, 1882 

Phoxocephalus holbolli (Krøyer, 1842) 

Pleustes cataphractus (Stimpson, 1853) 

Pleustes panopla (Krøyer, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Pleustes panoplus 

Pleustomesus medius (Goës, 1866) 

Synonyms 

Pleustes medius

Pleusymtes glaber (Boeck, 1861) 

Synonyms 

Paramphithoe glabra 

Parapleustes glaber 

Sympleustes glaber 

Pleusymtes glabroides Dunbar, 1954 

Pleusymtes pulchella (G.O. Sars, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Paramphithoe euacantha 

Paramphithoe pulchellus 

Parapleustes pulchellus 

Pontoporeia femorata Krøyer, 1842 

Protomedeia fasciata Krøyer, 1842 

Protomedeia grandimana Brüggen, 1905 

Rhachotropis aculeata (Lepechin, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Tritropis aculeata 

Rhachotropis helleri (Boeck, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Tritropis helleri 

Rhachotropis inflata (G.O. Sars, 1882) 

Rhachotropis macropus G.O. Sars, 1893 

Rozinante fragilis (Goës, 1866) 

Socarnes bidenticulatus (Bate, 1835) 

Socarnes vahlii (Krøyer, 1838) 

Stegocephalopsis ampulla (Phipps, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Stegocephalus ampulla 

Stegocephalus inflatus Krøyer, 1842 

Syrrhoe crenulata Goës, 1866 

Themisto abyssorum (Boeck, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Parathemisto abyssorum 

Themisto compressa Goës, 1865 

Synonyms 

Euthemisto bispinosa 

Parathemisto bispinosa 

Parathemisto gaudichaud 

Parathemisto gaudichaudi 

Parathemisto gaudichaudii 

Themisto libellula (Mandt, 1822) 

Synonyms 

Euthemisto libellula 

Parathemisto libellula 

Tiron spiniferus (Stimpson, 1853) 

Synonyms 

Tiron acanthurus 

Tiron spiniferum 

Tmetonyx cicada (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Tmetonyx gulosus (Krøyer, 1845) 

Tmetonyx similis (G.O. Sars, 1891) 

Tryphosella compressa (G.O. Sars, 1895) 

Synonyms 

Tryphosa compressa 

Tryphosella horingi (Boeck, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Tryphosa hoerringi 

Tryphosella schneideri (Stephensen, 1925) 

Synonyms 

Tryphosa schneideri 

Tryphosella scheideri 

Tryphosella spitzbergensis (Chevreux, 1926) 

Synonyms 

Tryphosa spitzbergensis 

Unciola leucopis (Krøyer, 1845) 

94 

Synonyms 

Unciola irrorata (Say) in Sars, 1885 

Unciola petalocera (G.O. Sars, 1876) 

Westwoodilla brevicalcar (Goës, 1866) 

Westwoodilla caecula (Bate, 1856) 

Weyprechtia heuglini (Buchholz, 1874) 

Weyprechtia pinguis (Krøyer, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Amathilla pinguis 

Isopoda 

Aega psora (L., 1761) 

Aega ventrosa M. Sars, 1848 

Arcturus baffini (Sabine, 1824) 

Arcturus hystrix G.O. Sars, 1885 

Astacilla longicornis (Sowerby, 1806) 

Bopyroides hippolytes (Krøyer, 1838) 

Caecognathia elongata (Krøyer, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Gnathia elongata 

Caecognathia hirsuta (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Gnathia hirsuta 

Caecognathia robusta (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Calathura brachiata (Stimpson, 1854) 

Synonyms 

Calathura norvegica 

Paranthura brachiata 

Dajus mysidis Krøyer, 1849 

Echinozone arctica H.J. Hansen, 1916 

Eurycope cornuta (G.O. Sars, 1864) 

Gnathia oxyurea (Lilljeborg, 1852) 

Gnathia robustus (G.O. Sars, 1885) 

Synonyms 

Anceus robustus 

Haploniscus bicuspis (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Hemiarthrus abdominalis (Krøyer, 1840) 

Idotea granulosa Rathke, 1843 

Idotea neglecta G.O. Sars, 1897 

Ilyarachna bergendali Ohlin, 1901 

Ilyarachna hirticeps G.O. Sars, 1870 

Ilyarachna longicornis (G.O. Sars, 1870) 

Iolella libbeyi (Ortmann, 1901) 

Synonyms 

Jolanthe libbeyi 

Jollella libbeyi 

Tole libbeyi 

Janira maculosa Leach, 1814 

Janira tricornis (Krøyer, 1846) 

Katianira biloba Gurjanova, 1930 

Katianira cornigera Gurjanova, 1930 

Munna coeca Gurjanova, 1930 

Munna fabricii Krøyer, 1847 

Munna minuta Hansen, 1910 

Munna roemeri Gurjanova, 1930 

Munna spitzbergensis Gurjanova, 1930 

Munnopsis typica M. Sars, 1861

Munnopsurus giganteus (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Eurycope gigantea 

Nannoniscus aequiremis Hansen, 1916 

Nannoniscus spinicornis Hansen, 1916 

Pleurogonium inerme G.O. Sars, 1883 

Pleurogonium spinosissimum (G.O. Sars, 1868) 

Saduria megalura (G.O. Sars, 1879) 

Synonyms 

Glyptonotus megalurus 

Saduria sabini (Krøyer, 1849) 

Synonyms 

Glyptonotus sabini 

Mesidotea sabini 

Synidothea bicuspida (Owen, 1839) 

Synidothea nodulosa (Krøyer, 1846) 

Euphausiacea 

Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857) 

Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Ephausia inermis 

Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer, 1846) 

Thysanoessa raschi (M. Sars, 1864) 

Decapoda 

Bythocaris grumanti Burukovsky, 1966 

Bythocaris leucopis G.O. Sars, 1885 

Bythocaris payeri (Heller, 1875) 

Bythocaris simplicirostris G.O. Sars, 1870 

Eualus gaimardii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) 

Synonyms 

Eualus gaimardi 

Hippolyte gaimardi 

Spirontocaris gaimardi 

Eualus pusiolus (Krøyer, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Hippolyte pusiola 

Spirontocaris pusiolus 

Hyas araneus (L., 1758) 

Hymenodora glacialis (Buchholz, ) 

Lebbeus polaris (Sabine, 1824) 

Synonyms 

Hippolyte polaris 

Spirontocaris polaris 

Lithodes maja (L.,1758) 

Pagurus bernhardus (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Eupagurus bernhardus 

Pagurus pubescens Krøyer, 1838 

Synonyms 

Eupagurus pubescens 

Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838 

Pontophilus norvegicus (M. Sars, 1861) 

Sabinea sarsii Smith,1879 

Sabinea septemcarinatus (Sabine, 1824) 

Sclerocrangon boreas (Phipps, 1774) 

Sclerocrangon ferox (G.O. Sars, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Sclerocrangon salebrosus 

95 

Spirontocaris phippsii (Krøyer, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Spirontocaris turgida 

Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby, 1805) 

Synonyms 

Hippolyte spinus 

MOLLUSCA 

Caudofoveata 

Chaetoderma intermedium Knipowitsch,1896 

Chaetoderma nitidilum Lovén, 1845 

Synonyms 

Chaetoderma nitidulum 

Chaetoderma productum Wirén, 1892 

Solenogastres 

Proneomenia sluiteri Hübrecht, 1880 

Proneomenia thulensis Thiele, 1900 

Polyplacophora 

Hanleya hanleyi (Bean, 1844) 

Synonyms 

Chiton hanleyi 

Ischnochiton albus (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Lophyrochiton albus 

Lophyrus albys 

Stenosemus albus 

Trachydermon albus 

Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin, 1791) 

Synonyms 

Lepidopleureus asellus 

Lepidopleurus asellus 

Tonicella marmorea (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Tonicella rubra (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Boreochiton ruber 

Chiton laevis 

Trachydermon ruber 

Prosobranchia 

Admete contabulata Friele, 1879 

Admete viridula (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Admete contabulata 

Alvania jeffreysi (Waller, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Onoba jeffreysi 

Alvania moerchi (Collin, 1886) 

Synonyms 

Cingula moerchi 

Alvania scrobiculata (Møller, 1842) 

Alvania verrilli (Friele, 1886) 

Alvania wyvillethomsoni (Friele, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Punctulum wyvillethompsoni 

Amauropsis islandica (Gmelin, 1791) 

Anatoma crispata (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Scissurella crispata

Anomalosipho altus (S.V. Wood, 1848) 

Synonyms 

Colus altus 

Sipho altus 

Sipho verkrützeni 

Sipho virgata 

Astyris rosacea (Gould, 1840) 

Synonyms 

Pyrene rosacea 

Beringius turtoni (Bean, 1834) 

Synonyms 

Beringuis turtoni 

Boreocingula castanea (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Alvania castanea 

Cingula castanea 

Boreocingula globulus (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Cingula globulus 

Buccinum angulosum Gray, 1839 

Buccinum belcheri Reeve, 1845 

Synonyms 

Buccinum spitzbergensis 

Buccinum ciliatum (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière,1792 

Synonyms 

Buccinum bromsi 

Buccinum groenlandicum 

Buccinum undulatum 

Buccinum finmarchianum Verkrüzen, 1875 

Buccinum fragile G.O. Sars, 1878 

Buccinum glaciale L., 1766 

Synonyms 

Buccinum donovani 

Buccinum humphreysianum Bennet, 1824 

Buccinum hydrophanum Hancock, 1846 

Synonyms 

Buccinum tumidulum 

Buccinum maltzani Pfeffer, 1886 

Synonyms 

Buccinum ovum Middendorf, 1847 

Buccinum micropoma Thorson, 1944 

Buccinum nivale Friele, 1882 

Buccinum polare J.E. Gray, 1839 

Synonyms 

Buccinum terraenovae 

Buccinum totteni 

Buccinum scalariforme Møller, 1842 

Synonyms 

Buccinum tenue 

Buccinum undatum L., 1758 

Synonyms 

Buccinum donovani G.O. Sars 1878 

Buccinum zetlandicum Forbes 1835 

Capulacmaea radiata (M. Sars, 1851) 

Colus gracilis (da Costa, 1778) 

Synonyms 

Colus glaber 

Neptunea glabra 

Colus holboelli (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Colus tortuosus 

Neptunea tortuosa 

Colus islandicus (Mohr, 1786) 

Synonyms 

Neptunea islandica 

Sipho islandicus 

96 

Colus kroeyeri (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Parasipho kroeyeri 

Plicifusus kroeyeri 

Sipho kroeyeri 

Colus latericeus (Møller 1842) 

Synonyms 

Fusus pullus 

Sipho latericeus 

Colus sabini (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Synonyms 

Colus togatus 

Fusus hirsutus 

Neptunea hanseni 

Sipho hirsutus 

Colus turgidulus (Jeffreys, 1877) 

Colus verkruzeni (Kobelt, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Sipho dautzenbergi 

Cryptonatica affinis (Gmelin, 1791) 

Synonyms 

Cryptonatica clausa 

Lunatia clausa 

Natica affinis 

Natica clausa 

Epitonium greenlandicum (Perry, 1811) 

Synonyms 

Epitonium groenlandica 

Scalaria (Boreoscala) groenlandica 

Erginus rubellus (Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Acmaea rubella 

Tectua rubella 

Eumetula arctica (Mørch, 1857) 

Synonyms 

Cerithiopsis costulata 

Frigidoalvania cruenta (Odhner, 1915) 

Synonyms 

Alvania cruenta 

Rissoa cruenta 

Frigidoalvania janmayeni (Friele, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Alvania janmayeni 

Rissoa sibirica Leche 

Gibbula cineraria (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Gibbula cinerarai 

Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777) 

Lacuna crassicor (Montagu, 1803) 

Synonyms 

Lacuna glacialis 

Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778) 

Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803) 

Synonyms 

Lacuna divaricata 

Lepeta caeca (Müller, 1776) 

Littorina littorea (L., 1758) 

Littorina obtusata (L., 1758) 

Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) 

Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Margarites cinerea 

Margarites cinereus (Couthouy, 1839) 

Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)

Margarites olivaceus Brown, 1827 

Synonyms 

Margarites argentatus 

Margarites olivacea 

Margarites striatus (Leach, 1819) 

Synonyms 

Margarites groenlandicus non Gmelin, 1791 

Margarites umbilicalis Broderip & Sowerby, 1882 

Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842) 

Marsenia glabra (Couthouy, 1839) 

Moelleria costulata (Møller, 1842) 

Mohnia danielsseni (Friele, 1879) 

Mohnia mohni (Friele, 1877) 

Neopotilla amoena (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Raphitoma amoena 

Teretia amoena 

Neptunea antiqua (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Neptunea antigua 

Neptunea despecta (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Neptunea denselirata 

Neptunea ventricosa (Gmelin, ) 

Nucella lapillus (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Thais lapillus 

Oenopota cancellata (Mighels & Adams, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Bela angulosa 

Bela cancellata 

Bela cinerea 

Bela elegans 

Defrancia elegans 

Lora cancellata 

Oenopota cinerea 

Oenopota decussata (Couthouy, 1839) 

Synonyms 

Bela decussata 

Bela viridula 

Lora decussata 

Oenopota conoidea sensu Friele 

Oenopota tenuicostata (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Pleurotoma borealis 

Oenopota exarata (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Bela exarata 

Lora exarata 

Oenopota gigantea (Mørch, 1901) 

Synonyms 

Bela gigantea 

Oenopota harpa (Dall, 1884) 

Synonyms 

Bela schmidti 

Oenopota schmidti 

Oenopota obliqua (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Bela obliqua 

Oenopota pingeli (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Bela pingelii 

Oenopota pingelii 

Oenopota pyramidalis (Strøm, 1788) 

Synonyms 

Bela conoidea 

Bela pyramidalis 

Lora pyramidalis 

Oenopota santarica (Middendorff, 1849) 

97 

Oenopota simplex (Middendorff, 1849) 

Synonyms 

Bela gigantea 

Lora simplex 

Oenopota tenuicostata (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Lora tenuicostata 

Oenopota turricula (Montagu, 1803) 

Synonyms 

Lora turricula 

Oenopota violacea (Mighels & Adams, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Bela bicarinata 

Bela expansa 

Bela violacea 

Curtitoma violacea 

Lora bicarinata 

Oenopota bicarinata 

Onchidiopsis glacialis (M. Sars, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Onchidiopsis groenlandica 

Onchidiopsis latissima Odhner, 1913 

Synonyms 

Onchidiopsis carnea 

Onoba leptalea (Verrill, 1884) 

Onoba mighelsi (Stimpson, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Alvania arenaria 

Cingula arenaria 

Onoba obliqua (Warén, 1974) 

Onoba torelli Warén, 1996 

Polinices nanus (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Lunatia nana 

Natica nana 

Pseudopolynices nanus 

Polinices pallidus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) 

Synonyms 

Lunatia groenlandica 

Lunatia pallida 

Natica pallida 

Polynices pallidus 

Polinices tenuistriatus (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1911) 

Synonyms 

Lunatia tenuistriata 

Polinices tenuistriata 

Propebela assimilis (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Oenopota assimilis 

Propebela impressa (Mørch, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Bela cancellata sensu G.O. Sars 

Bela impressa 

Bela kobelti 

Bela sarsi (Verrill, 1880) 

Oenopota impressa 

Propebela nobilis (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Lora nobilis 

Oenopota nobilis 

Oenopota scalaris 

Propebela scalaris 

Propebela reticulata (Brown, 1827) 

Synonyms 

Bela trevelliana 

Curtitoma trevelyana 

Oenopota trevelliana (Turton, 1834) 

Pleurotoma reticulata 

Propebela scalaroides (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms

Bela scalaroides 

Oenopota scalaroides 

Propebela spitzbergensis (Friele, 1886) 

Synonyms 

Bela rugulata Troschel var.spitzbergensis 

Oenopota rugulata Troschel var.spitzbergens 

Oenopota spitzbergensis 

Propebela woodiana (Møller 1842) 

Synonyms 

Bela schantarica 

Bela woodiana 

Bela woodiana var.lechei 

Defrancia woodiana 

Obesotoma woodiana 

Oenopota woodiana 

Puncturella noachina (L., 1771) 

Synonyms 

Punturella noachina 

Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1779) 

Skenea basistriata (Jeffreys, 1877) 

Skenea laevigata (Friele, 1876) 

Synonyms 

Cyclostrema laevigatum (Jeffreys) G.O. Sars 

Skenea peterseni (Friele, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Cyclostrema trochoide 

Ganesa petterseni 

Solariella obscura (Couthoy, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Machaeroplax albula 

Solariella bella 

Solariella varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842) 

Tachyrhynchus reticulatus (Mighels & Adams, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Turitella lactea 

Tectura testudinalis (Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Acmaea tessulata 

Acmaea testudinalis 

Tectura virginea (O. F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Acmaea virginea 

Teretia teres (Forbes in Reeve, 1844) 

Synonyms 

Philbertia teres 

Pleurotoma boreale 

Trichotropis bicarinata tenuis E.A. Smith, 1877 

Trichotropis borealis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829 

Synonyms 

Ariadnaria borealis 

Trichotropis conica Møller, 1842 

Trichotropis kroeyeri Philippi, 1848 

Synonyms 

Trichotropis kroyeri 

Trophon clathratus (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Boreotrophon clathratus 

Trophonopsis clathratus 

Trophon fabricii (Beck in Møller, 1842) 

Trophon truncatus (Ström, 1767) 

Synonyms 

Boreotrophon truncatus 

Trophonopsis truncatus 

98 

Troschelia berniciensis (King, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Troschelia barviscensis 

Turrisipho lachesis (Mørch, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Colus lachesis 

Neptunea lachesis var bicarinata 

Sipho lachesis 

Turrisipho voeringi Bouchet & Warén, 1985) 

Synonyms 

Neptunea laechis var bicarinata 

Turritella reticulata Mighels & Adams, 1842 

Turritellopsis stimpsoni Dall, 1919 

Synonyms 

Turritellopsis acicula 

Velutina insculpta Odhner, 1913 

Synonyms 

Limnaria insculpta 

Velutina lanigera Moller, 1842 

Synonyms 

Ciliatovelutina lanigera 

Velutina plicatilis (Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Velutella plicatilis 

Velutina undata Brown, 1838 

Synonyms 

Limnaria undata 

Velutina velutina (Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Velutina laevigata 

Volutomita groenlandica (Beck, in Möller 1842) 

Volutopsius deformis (Reeve, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Pyrulofusus deformis 

Volutopsius norwegicus (Gmelin, 1791) 

Synonyms 

Volutopsis norvegica (Chemnitz) 

Volutopsis norwegicus 

Opistobranchia 

Aartsenia candida (Möller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Amaura candida 

Ammonicera rota (Forbes & Hanley, 1850) 

Ancula gibbosa (Risso, 1818) 

Synonyms 

Ancula cristata 

Cadlina laevis (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Cadlina obvelata 

Doris repanda 

Calycidoris guentheri Abraham, 1876 

Chrysallida sublustris (Friele, 1886) 

Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) 

Colga villosa Odhner, 1907 

Coryphella borealis Odhner, 1922 

Synonyms 

Coryphella salmonacea non Couthouy 

Coryphella stimpsoni 

Coryphella bostoniensis Couthouy, 1838 

Coryphella browni Picton, 1980 

Coryphella verrucosa (M. Sars, 1829) 

Synonyms 

Flabellina verrucosa

Cuthona nana (Alder & Hancock, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Aeolis hirsuta 

Cuthona viridis (Forbes, 1840) 

Synonyms 

Trinchesia viridis 

Cylichna alba (Brown, 1827) 

Synonyms 

Cylichna corticata 

Cylichna arctica 

Cylichna magna Lemche, 1941 

Cylichna occulta (Mighels & Adams, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Cylichna reinhardti 

Cylichna scalpta 

Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Dendronotus arborescens 

Dendronotus dalli 

Dendronotus lacteus 

Dendronotus robustus Verrill, 1870 

Diaphana glacialis Odhner, 1907 

Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, 1839) 

Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827 

Synonyms 

Diaphana globosa 

Diaphana hyalina 

Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Spiralia helicina 

Spiratella helicina 

Spirialis helicina 

Limacina limacina (Phipps, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Spiralia limacina 

Spirialis limacina 

Liostomia eburnea (Stimpson, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Jeffreysia nitida 

Menestho eburnea 

Menestho albula (Fabricius, 1780) 

Menestho truncatula Odhner, 1915 

Odostomia unidentata (Montagu, 1803) 

Ondina normani (Friele, 1886) 

Synonyms 

Menestho normani 

Toledonia normani 

Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1858 

Synonyms 

Philine fragilis 

Philine lima (Brown, 1827) 

Philine polaris Aurivilleus, 1887 

Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803) 

Synonyms 

Retusa pertenuis 

Utriculus pertenuis 

Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighel & Adams, 1842) 

Toledonia limnaeoides (Odhner, 1913) 

Cephalopoda 

Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Octopus arcticus 

99 

Bathypolypus bairdii (Verrill, 1881) 

Synonyms 

Benthoctopus bairdi 

Octopus bairdii 

Rossia glaucopis Lovén, 1854 

Rossia moelleri Steenstrup 

Bivalvia 

Altenaeum dawsoni (Jeffreys, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Montacuta dawsoni 

Mysella dawsoni 

Arctica islandica (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Arctica islandica 

Cyprina islandica 

Arctinula greenlandica (G.B. Sowerby II,1842) 

Synonyms 

Arctinula groenlandica 

Palliolum groenlandicus 

Pecten groenlandicus 

Pseudamussium groenlandicum 

Similipecten groenlandicus 

Astarte arctica (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Astarte crenata (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Synonyms 

Astarte subaequilatra 

Astarte elliptica (Brown, 1827) 

Synonyms 

Astarte compressa 

Elliptica elliptica 

Tridonta elliptica 

Astarte fabula (?) (Reeve) 

Astarte producta Sowerby 

Astarte sulcata (da Costa, 1778) 

Axinopsida orbiculata (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Axinopsis orbiculata 

Bathyarca glacialis (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Synonyms 

Arca glacialis 

Bathyarca pectunculoides (Scacchi, 1834) 

Synonyms 

Arca koreni 

Arca pectunculoides 

Bathyarca pectunculus 

Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776) 

Chlamys nana (Verrill & Bush, 1898) 

Ciliatocardium ciliatum (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Cardium ciliatum 

Clinocardium ciliatum 

Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808) 

Cuspidaria arctica (M. Sars, 1859) 

Cuspidaria glacialis (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Cuspidaria obesa (Lovén, 1846) 

Cuspidaria subtorta (G.O. Sars, 1878) 

Cyclopecten imbrifer (Lovén, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Cycleopecten imbrifer 

Cyclopecten hoskynsi 

Pseudamussium imbriferum

Cyrtodaria siliqua (Spengler, 1793) 

Synonyms 

Cyrtodaria burriana 

Cyrtodaria kurriana 

Dacrydium vitreum (Holbøll, in Møller 1842) 

Diplodonta torelli Jeffreys, 1876 

Hiatella arctica (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Hiatella striata 

Saxicava arctica 

Hiatella rugosa (L. 1767) 

Synonyms 

Hiatella gallicana 

Saxicava pholadis 

Kelliella miliaris (Philippi, 1844) 

Synonyms 

Kelliella minuta 

Limatula hyperborea (Jensen, 1905) 

Synonyms 

Lima hyperborea 

Limatula subauriculata (Montagu, 1808) 

Synonyms 

Limatula subariculata 

Limatula subarticula 

Liocyma fluctuosa (Gould, 1841) 

Lyonsia arenosa (Møller, 1842) 

Lyonsia norwegica (Gmlin, 1791) 

Synonyms 

Lyonsia norvegica 

Macoma balthica (L., 1758) 

Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1790) 

Macoma moesta (Deshayes, 1854) 

Macoma torelli Jensen, 1904 

Montacuta maltzani (Verkruzen, 1876) 

Montacuta spitzbergensis Knipowitsch, 1901 

Musculus corrugatus (Stimpson, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Modiolarias corrugata 

Musculus discors (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Modiolaria discors 

Musculus substriatus 

Musculus laevigatus (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Musculus niger (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Synonyms 

Modiolaria niger 

Musculis niger 

Mya arenaria L., 1758 

Mya truncata L., 1758 

Mytilus edulis L., 1758 

Nuculana minuta (Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Leda caudata 

Leda minuta 

Nuculana pernula (Müller, 1779) 

Synonyms 

Leda pernula 

Nuculoma corticata (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Ennucula corticata 

Nucula delphinodonta 

Nuculoma tenuis (Montagu, 1808) 

Synonyms 

Ennucula tenuis 

Leionucula belottii 

Leionucula tenuis 

Nucula tenuis 

100 

Nuculoma belottii 

Palliolum striatum (Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Pecten striatum 

Pseudamussium striatum 

Pandora glacialis Leach, 1819 

Panomya arctica (Lamarck, 1818) 

Portlandia arctica (J.E. Gray, 1824) 

Serripes groenlandicus (Bruguière, 1798) 

Synonyms 

Cardium groenlandicum 

Similipecten similis (Laskey, 1811) 

Synonyms 

Similepecten similis 

Teredo denticulata Gray 1851 

Thracia devexa G.O.Sars, 1878 

Thracia myopsis (Møller, 1842) 

Thracia septentrionalis Jeffreys, 1872 

Thyasira croulinensis (Jeffreys, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Axinulus croulinensis 

Axinus croulinensis 

Thyasira dunbari Lubinsky, 1976 

Thyasira equalis (Verrill & Bush, 1898) 

Thyasira ferruginea (Forbes, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Axinulus ferruginosus 

Axinus ferruginosus 

Thyasira ferruginosa 

Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803) 

Thyasira gouldi (Philippi, 1845) 

Thyasira sarsi (Philippi, 1845) 

Tridonta borealis (Schumacher, 1817) 

Synonyms 

Astarte borealis 

Astarte semisulcata 

Tridonta borealis 

Tridonta montagui (Dillwyn, 1817) 

Synonyms 

Astarte banksii 

Astarte montagui 

Astarte warhami 

Nicania banksii 

Nicania montagui 

Turtonia minuta (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Yoldia hyperborea Torell, 1859 

Yoldiella annenkovae (Gorbunov, 1946) 

Yoldiella frigida (Torell, 1859) 

Synonyms 

Portlandia frigida 

Yoldiella intermedia (M. Sars, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Portlandia intermedia 

Yoldiella lenticula (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Portlandia lenticula 

Yoldiella lucida (Lovén, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Portlandia lucida 

Yoldiella nana (M. Sars, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Yoldiella fraterna

Yoldiella propingua (Leche, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Yoldiella persei 

Yoldiella subaequilatera 

Yoldiella solidula Warén, 1989 

Scaphopoda 

Siphonodentalium lobatum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1860) 

BRACHIOPODA 

Hemithiris psittacea (Gmelin, 1792) 

Synonyms 

Rhynchonella psittacea 

Liothyris arctica (Friele, 1878) 

Macandrevia cranium (O. F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Waldheimia cranium 

Neocrania anomala (O. F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Crania anomala 

Terebratulina retusa (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Terebratulina caput-serpensi 

Terebratulina caput-serpensis 

Terebratulina septentrionalis (Couthouy, 1838) 

BRYOZOA 

Alcyonidium albidum Alder, 1857 

Alcyonidium disciforme Smitt, 1872 

Synonyms 

Alcyonidium diseiforme 

Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L., 1761) 

Alcyonidium hirsutum (Fleming, 1828) 

Alcyonidium mamillatum Alder, 1857 

Synonyms 

Alcyonidium lineare 

Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 

Alcyonidium parasiticum (Fleming, 1828) 

Alcyonidium proboscidium (Kluge, 1962) 

Alcyonidium radicellatum Kluge,1946 

Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Callopora aurita 

Membraniopora aurita 

Amphiblestrum flemingii (Busk, 1854) 

Synonyms 

Membranipora flemingi 

Amphiblestrum septentrionalis (Kluge, 1906) 

Amphiblestrum solidum (Packard, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Amphiblestrum trifolium 

Callopora trifolium 

Membranipora trifolium 

Arachnidium clavatum Hincks, 1877 

Arachnidium hippothoides Hincks, 1862 

Arctonula arctica (M.Sars, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Discopora arctica 

Mucronella pavonella 

Umbonula artica 

Bicellarina alderi (Busk, 1859) 

101 

Synonyms 

Bicellaria alderi 

Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams, 1798) 

Buffonellaria biaperta (Michelin, 1841) 

Bugula avicularia (L., 1758) 

Bugula fastigiata Dalyell, 1847 

Synonyms 

Bugula purpurotincta 

Bugula harmsworthi Waters, 1900 

Caberea ellisii (Fleming, 1814) 

Synonyms 

Caberera ellisii 

Callopora craticula (Alder, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Membranipora craticula 

Callopora derjugini (Kluge, 1915) 

Callopora lata (Kluge, 1907) 

Callopora lineata (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Membranipora lineata 

Callopora smitti Kluge, 1946 

Synonyms 

Membranipora discreta 

Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Synonyms 

Flustra carbasea 

Cauloramphus cymbaeformis (Hincks, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Membranipora cymbaeformis 

Cellepora bicornis Busk, ???? 

Celleporella hyalina (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Hippothoa hyalina 

Schizoporella hyalina 

Celleporina hassallii (Johnston, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora costazzi 

Celleporina incrassata (Lamarck, 1788) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora incrassata 

Celleporina surcularis (Packard, 1863) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora incrassata Smitt. 

Cellepora surcularis 

Chartella membranaceotruncata (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Flustra membranaceotruncata 

Terminoflustra membranaceo-trunc 

Cheilopora sincera (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Cheiloporina sincera 

Lepralia sincera 

Mucronella sincera 

Coronopora truncata (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Domopora stellata 

Cribrilina annulata (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Cribilina annulata 

Cribrilina annuata 

Cribrilina punctata (Hassall, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Cribilina punctata 

Cribrilina spitzbergensis Norman, 1903 

Synonyms

Cribilina spitzbergensis 

Cribrilina annulata var. spitsbe 

Cribrilina watersi Anderson, 1902 

Crisia denticulata (Lamarck, 1816) 

Synonyms 

Crisia dendiculata 

Crisia eburnea (L., 1758) 

Cylindroporella tubulosa (Norman, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Porina tubulosa 

Cystisella saccata (Busk, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Porella elegantula 

Porella saccata 

Defrancia lucernaria M. Sars, 1851 

Synonyms 

Domopora lucernaria 

Tubulipora lucernaria 

Dendrobeania fruticosa (Packard, 1863) 

Synonyms 

Dendrobaenia fruticosa 

Dendrobeania murrayana (Bean, in Johnston 1847) 

Synonyms 

Bugula murrayana 

Dendrobaenia murrayana 

Dendrobeania murrayana var. quadridentata Lovén 

Synonyms 

Dendrobaenia murrayana var. quad 

Diastopora diastoporides Smitt, ???? 

Diastopora latomarginata d'Orbigny, ???? 

Diastopora suborbicularis Hincks, 1880 

Diplosolen intricarius (Smitt, 1872) 

Synonyms 

Reticulipora intricaria 

Diplosolen obelia (Johnston, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Diastopora obelia 

Discopora patens Smitt 

Disporella hispida (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Lichenopora hispida 

Doryporella spathulifera (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Doryporella spatulifera 

Lepralia spathulifera 

Electra arctica (Borg, 1931) 

Electra crustulenta (Pallas, 1766) 

Electra pilosa (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Membranipora pilosa 

Entalophoroecia deflexa (Couch, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Entalophora deflexa 

Stomatopora granulata 

Enthalophora clavata (Busk, 1859) 

Escharella abyssicola (Norman, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Mucronella abyssicola 

Escharella immersa (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Echarella immersa 

Mucronella peachi 

Escharella labiata (Boeck MS , in Smitt 1868) 

Synonyms 

Mucronella labiata 

102 

Phylactella labiata 

Escharella laqueata (Norman, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Mucronella lacqueata 

Escharella levinseni Hayward, 1994 

Synonyms 

Escharella microstoma 

Escharella palmata Sars 

Escharella ventricosa (Hassall, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Mucronella ventricosa 

Escharina alderi (Busk, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Schizoporella alderi 

Escharoides coccinea (Abildgaard, 1806) 

Synonyms 

Mucronella coccinea 

Escharoides jacksoni (Waters, 1900) 

Escharoides bidencapi 

Escharopsis lobata (Smitt, 1868) 

Eucratea loricata (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Gemellaria loricata 

Flustra foliacea (L., 1758) 

Flustrellidra corniculata (Smitt, 1872) 

Synonyms 

Flustrella corniculata 

Frondipora verrucosa Lamarck, ???? 

Haplopoma impressum (Audouin, 1826) 

Synonyms 

Microporella impressa 

Harmeria scutulata (Busk, 1855) 

Synonyms 

Cribilina scutulata 

Cribrilina scutulata 

Hemicyclopora polita (Norman, 1864) 

Synonyms 

Hemicyclopora emucronata 

Hincksipora spinulifera (Hincks, 1889) 

Synonyms 

Escharelloides spinulifera 

Hippodiplosia borealis (Waters, 1900) 

Hippodiplosia harmsworti (Waters, 1900) 

Hippodiplosia obesa 

Hippodiplosia ussovi (Kluge, 1908) 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicularis (Kluge, 1955) 

Synonyms 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicul 

Hippoporina reticulatopunctata (Hincks, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Lepralia reticulata-punctata 

Smittia reticulata-punctata 

Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux, 1821 

Hippothoa expansa Dawson, 1859 

Synonyms 

Hippothoa expausa 

Hornera lichenoides (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Stegohornera lichenoides

Idmidronea atlantica (Forbes, in Johnston 1847) 

Synonyms 

Idmonea atlantica 

Idmonea bidenkapi Kluge, 1955 

Synonyms 

Idmonea serpens 

Idmonea fenestrata Busk, 1859 

Kinetoskias arborescens Danielssen, 1868 

Leieschara subgracile (D`Orbigny, in Smitt 1868) 

Synonyms 

Myriozoum subgracile 

Lepralia elongatula D'Orbi 

Lepralia megastoma Busk??? 

Lepraliella contigua Smitt, 1868 

Synonyms 

Lepralia vitrea 

Lepraliella hippopus (Smitt, 1867) 

Synonyms 

Hippoponella hippopus 

Lepralia hippopus 

Lepralioides nordlandica (Nordgaard, 1905) 

Lichenopora crassiuscula Smitt, 1867 

Synonyms 

Lichenopora crassiuscula 

Lichenopora verrucaria (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) 

Microporina arcticulata (Fabricius, 1821) 

Synonyms 

Cellaria borealis 

Mucronella cruentata Norman 

Mucronella megastoma Smitt 

Myriapora coarctata (M. Sars, 1863) 

Synonyms 

Leieschara coarctata 

Myriapora coarctatum 

Myriozoon coarctatum 

Myriozoum coarctatum 

Myriapora subgracilis (d'Orbigny, 1852) 

Myriozoella costata 

Myriozoella crustacea (Smitt, 1868) 

Nolella dilitata (Hincks, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Cylindroecium dilatatum 

Notoplites smitti (Norman, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Menipea duplex 

Menipea smitti 

Omalosecosa ramulosa (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora contigua 

Cellepora ramulosa 

Oncousoecia canadensis (Osburn, 1933) 

Oncousoecia diastoporides (Norman, 1869) 

Synonyms 

Stomatopora diastoporides 

Oncousoecia dilatans (Johnston, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Oncouecia dilatans 

Stomatopora dilatans 

Tubularia dilitans 

Pachyegis groenlandica 

Pachyegis producta 

103 

Palmiskenea skenei (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Synonyms 

Palmicellaria skenei 

Palmicellaria skenei var. foliac 

Parasmittina trispinosa (Johnston, 1838) 

Synonyms 

Parasmitina trispinosa 

Smittia trispinosa 

Smittina trispinosa 

Phidolopora elongata (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Retepora elongata 

Sertella elongata 

Porella acutirostris Smitt, 1868 

Porella compressa (J. Sowerby, 1805) 

Porella concinna (Busk, 1854) 

Porella groenlandica (Norman, 1894) 

Porella laevis (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora laevis 

Porelloides laevis 

Porella minuta (Norman, 1868) 

Porella obesa (Waters, 1900) 

Porella proboscoidea Hincks, 1888 

Porella struma (Norman, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Porelloides struma 

Posterula sarsi (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Discopora sarsi 

Escharoides sarsi 

Escharopsis sarsi 

Ragionula sarsi 

Proboscina gracilis 

Proboscina incrassata (Smitt, 1865) 

Synonyms 

Stomatopora incrassata 

Pseudoflustra birulai 

Pseudoflustra hincksi 

Pseudoflustra solida (Stimpson, 1854) 

Synonyms 

Smittina solida 

Pyripora catenularia (Flemming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Electra catenularia 

Membranipora catenularia 

Ragionula rosacea (Busk, 1856) 

Synonyms 

Discopora rosacea 

Escharoides rosacea 

Rhagionula rosacea 

Reteporella beaniana (King, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Retepora beaniana 

Reteporella septentrionalis Harmer, 1933 

Synonyms 

Retepora cellulosa 

Reussina impressa (Reuss, 1846) 

Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877) 

Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886 

Synonyms 

Discopora scabra var. fortissima 

Rhamphostomella fortissima 

Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906 

Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868)

Rhamphostomella radiatula (Hincks, 1877) 

Rhamphostomella scabra (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886 

Sarsiflustra abyssicola (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872) 

Synonyms 

Flustra abyssicola 

Sarsiflustra abissicola 

Schizomavella auriculata (Hassal, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Schizoporella auriculata 

Schizomavella linearis (Hassall, 1841) 

Synonyms 

Schizoporella linearis 

Schizomavella porifera (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Smittia porifera 

Schizoporella biaperta Michelin, 1841-42 

Schizoporella bispinosa (Nordgaard, 1906) 

Schizoporella crustacea (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Myriozoum crustaceum 

Schizoporella incerta 

Schizoporella pachystega (Kluge, 1929) 

Schizoporella smitti Kluge, 1962 

Schizoporella unicornis Johnston, in Wood 1844 

Scrupocellaria minor 

Scrupocellaria scabra (van Beneden, 1848) 

Scrupocellaria scabra (Bened) var. paenulas Norman 

Scrupocellaria scrupea Busk, 1852 

Securiflustra securifrons (Pallas, 1766) 

Synonyms 

Flustra securifrons 

Smittia palmata M. Sars, 1862 

Smittina auriculata Hassall 

Smittina jeffreysi Norman, 1903 

Smittina landsborovis (Johnston, 1847) 

Synonyms 

Smittia landsborovis 

Smittina minuscula (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Smittia arctica 

Smittina arctica 

Smittina rigida Lorentz, 1886 

Synonyms 

Smittia rigida 

Smittina smitti (Kirchenpauer, 1874) 

Smittoidea propinqua (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Hippodiplosia propinqua 

Smittia propinqua 

Smittina propinqua 

Smittoidea reticulata (J.MacGillivray, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Smittia reticulata 

Stomachetosella cruenta (Busk, 1854) 

Synonyms 

Schizoporella cruenta 

Stomachaetosella cruenta 

Stomachetosella hincksi Powell, 

104 

Stomachetosella limbata (Lorentz, 1886) 

Synonyms 

Stomachaetosella limbata 

Stomachetosella magniporata (Nordgaard, 1906) 

Synonyms 

Stomachaetosella magniporata 

Stomachetosella sinuosa (Busk, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Schizoporella sinuosa 

Stomachaetosella sinuosa 

Stomatopora repens S. Wood 

Tegella arctica (d'Orbigny, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Callopora arctica 

Membranipora arctica 

Tegella armifera (Hincks, 1880) 

Synonyms 

Callopora unicornis var. armifer 

Tegella nigrans (Hincks, 1882) 

Synonyms 

Callopora nigrans 

Tegella spitsbergensis (Bidenkap, 1897) 

Synonyms 

Callopora spitsbergensis 

Flustra spitsbergensis 

Membranipora spitsbergensis 

Tegella spitzbergensis 

Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828) 

Synonyms 

Membraniopora unicornis 

Membranipora unicornis 

Tessaradoma boreale (Busk, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Tessarodoma gracile 

Tricellaria gracilis (van Beneden, 1848) 

Tricellaria peachi (Busk, 1851) 

Synonyms 

Cellularia peachi 

Tricellaria peschi 

Tricellaria ternata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Tubulipora aperta Harmer, 1898 

Tubulipora flabellaris (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas, 1766) 

Turbicellepora avicularis (Hincks, 1860) 

Synonyms 

Cellepora avicularis 

Tubicellepora avicularis 

Turbicellepora nodulosa Lorenz, 1886 

Synonyms 

Cellepora nodulosa 

Celleporina nodulosa 

Umbonula patens (Smitt, 1868) 

Synonyms 

Smittia patens 

Walkeria uva (L., 1758) 

CHAETOGNATA 

Eukrohnia hamata (Möbius, 1875) 

Sagitta bipunctata Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 

Sagitta elegans Verrill, 1873

ECHINODERMATA 

Crinoidea 

Bathycrinus carpenteri (Danielsen & Koren, 1877) 

Synonyms 

Ilycrinus carpenteri 

Heliometra glacialis (Owen, 1833) 

Synonyms 

Antedon eschrichti 

Antedon quadrata 

Heliometra eschrichtii 

Poliometra prolixa (Sladen, 1881) 

Synonyms 

Antedon prolixa 

Asteroidea 

Asterias rubens L., 1758 

Bathybiaster vexillifer (Thomson, 1873) 

Ceramaster granularis (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Crossaster papposus (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Solaster papposus 

Crossaster squamatus Döderlein, 1900 

Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retzius, 1805) 

Synonyms 

Ctenodiscus corniculatus 

Ctenodiscus polaris 

Diplopteraster multipes (M. Sars, 1865) 

Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Henricia scabrior 

Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Synonyms 

Cribella sanguinolenta 

Cribrella oculata (Linck) 

Cribrella sanguinolenta 

Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius,1768) 

Hymenaster pellucidus Thomson, 1873 

Icasterias panopla (Stuxberg, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Asterias panopla 

Korethraster hispidus Thomson, 1873 

Leptasterias groenlandica (Stenstrup, 1857) 

Synonyms 

Asterias groenlandica 

Leptasterias hyperborea (Danielssen & Koren, 1883) 

Synonyms 

Asterias hyperborea 

Leptasterias muelleri (M.Sars, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Asterias muelleri 

Lophaster furcifer (Düben & Koren, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Solaster furcifer 

Pedicellaster typicus M. Sars, 1861 

Pontaster tenuispinus (Düben & Koren, 1846) 

Poraniomorpha tumida (Stuxberg, 1878) 

Synonyms 

Rhegaster tumidus 

Pseudarchaster parelii (Düben & Koren, 1846) 

Pteraster militaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Pteraster obscurus (Perrier, 1891) 

105 

Pteraster pulvillus M. Sars, 1861 

Solaster endeca (L., 1771) 

Solaster glacialis Danielssen & Koren, 1881 

Synonyms 

Solaster syrtensis 

Stephanasterias albula (Stimpson, 1853) 

Synonyms 

Nanaster albulus 

Stichaster albulus 

Tylaster willei (Danielssen & Koren, 1881) 

Urasterias linckii (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Asterias gunneri 

Asterias lincki 

Asterias linckii 

Asterias stellionura 

Ophiuroidea 

Amphipholis squamata (DelleChiaje, 1829) 

Synonyms 

Axiognathus squamata 

Amphipholis torelli Ljungman, 1871 

Amphiura sundevalli (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Amphiura holbolli (Lütken) 

Gorgonocephalus arcticus (Leach, 1819) 

Synonyms 

Gorgonocephalus agassizi 

Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Gorgonocephalus malmgreni 

Gorgonocephalus lamarcki (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842) 

Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius, 1805) 

Synonyms 

Ophiacantha spinulosa 

Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard, 1789) 

Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes, 1852) 

Ophiopholis aculeata (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Ophiopholis scolopendrica 

Ophiopleura borealis Danielssen & Koren, 1877 

Ophiopus arcticus Ljungman, 1867 

Ophioscolex glacialis J. Müller & Troschel, 1842 

Ophioscolex purpureus Düben & Koren, 1846 

Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, 1789) 

Ophiura nodosa Lütken, 1854 

Ophiura robusta (Ayres, 1851) 

Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1858 

Synonyms 

Ophioglypha sarsii 

Ophiura sarsi 

Stegophiura nodosa (Lütken, 1854) 

Echinoidea 

Brisaster fragilis (Düben & Koren, 1846) 

Echinus acutus Lamarck, 1816 

Echinus esculentus L., 1758 

Pourtalesia jeffreysi Thomson, 1873 

Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) 

Strongylocentrotus pallidus (G.O. Sars, 1871)

Holothuroidea 

Chiridota laevis (O. Fabricius, 1780) 

Synonyms 

Chiridota pellucida 

Chirodota laevis 

Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767) 

Synonyms 

Cucumaria minuta 

Echinocucumis hispida (Barrett, 1857) 

Ekmania barthi (Troschel, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Orcula barthii 

Elpidia glacialis Théel. 1876 

Eupyrgus scaber Lütken, 1857 

Molpadia borealis M. Sars, 1859 

Synonyms 

Ankyroderma jeffreysii 

Trochostoma arctica 

Trochostoma boreale 

Trochostoma thompsoni 

Myriotrochus eurycyclus Heding, 1935 

Synonyms 

Myriotrochus euriciclus 

Myriotrochus rinkii Steenstrup, 1852 

Myriotrochus vitreus (M.Sars, 1872) 

Ocnus glacialis (Ljungman, 1880) 

Synonyms 

Cucumaria glacialis 

Ocnus lacteus Forbes, 1841 

Synonyms 

Cucumaria lactea 

Psolus operculatus (Pourtalès, 1868) 

Psolus phantapus (Strussenfelt, 1765) 

Psolus squamatus (Koren, 1844) 

Synonyms 

Psolus fabricii 

Psolus valvatus 

Thyonidium drummondi (Thompson, 1840) 

Synonyms 

Duasmodactyla commune 

Phyllophorus drummondi 

Phyllophorus pellucidus 

Thyonidium hyalinum 

Trochoderma elegans Théel, 1877 

Chordata 

Tunicata 

Larvacea 

Fritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896 

Oikopleura labradoriensis Lohmann, 1896 

Oikopleura vanhoffeni Lohmann, 1896 

Ascidiacea 

Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Amaroucium translucidum 

Aplidium flavum 

Aplidium mutabile (M. Sars, 1851) 

Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) 

106 

Synonyms 

Aplidium lacteum 

Aplidium spitzbergense Hartmeyer, 1903 

Ascidia callosa Stimpson, 1852 

Ascidia dijmphniana (Traustedt, 1886) 

Ascidia obliqua Alder, 1863 

Ascidia prunum O.F. Müller, 1776 

Synonyms 

Ascidia complanata 

Ascidia virginea O.F. Müller, 1776 

Boltenia echinata (L., 1767) 

Synonyms 

Halocynthia arctica 

Botrylloides aureum M. Sars, 1851 

Synonyms 

Sarcobotrylloides aureum 

Botrylloides leachi (Savigny, 1816) 

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) 

Chelyosoma macleayanum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830 

Ciona intestinalis (L., 1767) 

Cnemidocarpa clipeata (Ârnbäck, 1921) 

Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis (Kiær, 1893) 

Cnemidocarpa mollispina Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 

Cnemidocarpa rhizopus (Redikorzev, 1907) 

Synonyms 

Tethyum rhizopus 

Corella borealis Traustedt, 1886 

Corellopsis pedunculata Hartmeyer, 1903 

Dendrodoa aggregata (Rathke, 1806) 

Synonyms 

Dendrodoa lineata 

Dendrodoa grossularia (van Beneden, 1846) 

Synonyms 

Styela grossularia 

Styelopsis grossularia 

Dendrodoa pulchella (Verrill, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Dendrodoa kukenthali 

Dendrodoa uniplicata (Bonnevie, 1896) 

Synonyms 

Styela uniplicata 

Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871) 

Synonyms 

Leptoclinum polare 

Leptoclinum roseum 

Distaplia clavata (M. Sars, 1851) 

Distaplia livida (M. Sars, 1851) 

Eudistoma vitreum (M. Sars, 1851) 

Eugyra glutinans (Møller, 1842) 

Synonyms 

Eugyra symmetra 

Eugyra pedunculata Traustedt, 1886 

Halocynthia pyriformis (Rathke, 1806) 

Kukenthalia borealis (Gottschaldt, 1894) 

Leptoclinides faeroensis Bjerkan, 1905 

Lissoclinum aureum Verrill, 1871 

Synonyms 

Diplosomoides bathyphilum 

Diplosomoides dubium 

Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock, 1848

Molgula complanata Alder & Hancock, 1870 

Synonyms 

Molgula tenax 

Molgula griffithsii (MacLeay, 1825) 

Synonyms 

Molgula crystallina 

Molgula herdmani Bjerkan, 1905 

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) 

Molgula retortiformis Verrill, 1871 

Molgula romeri Hartmeyer, 1903 

Molgula siphonalis M. Sars, 1859 

Synonyms 

Molgula septentrionalis 

Pelonaia corrugata Forbes & Goodsir, 1841 

Polycarpa fibrosa (Stimpson, 1852) 

Synonyms 

Polycarpa libra 

Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816) 

Rhizomolgula globularis (Pallas, 1776) 

Sidnyum turbinatum Savigny, 1816 

Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848) 

Synonyms 

Styela loveni 

Styela gelatinosa Traustedt, 1886 

Styela rustica (L. 1767) 

Synoicum incrustatum (M. Sars, 1851) 

Synoicum pulmonaria (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Synonyms 

Synoicum haeckli 

Synoicum turgens Phipps, 1774 

Trididemnum tenerum (Verrill, 1871) 

Vertebrata 

Chondrichthyes 

Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914) 

Raja fyllae Lütken, 1888 

Raja hyperborea Collett, 1879 

Raja radiata Donovan 1808 

Osteichthyes 

Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934 

Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer, 1845 

Anarhichas lupus L.,1758 

Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772 

Anisarchus medius (Reinhardt, 1837) 

Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1874) 

Artediellus atlanticus Jordan & Evermann, 1896 

Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837) 

Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774) 

Synonyms 

Gadus saida 

Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772) 

Careproctus longipinnis Burke, 1912 

Careproctus reinhardti Krøyer, 1842 

Clupea harengus L., 1758 

Cottunculus microps Collett, 1875 

Eumicrotremus derjugini Popov, 1926 

Eumicrotremus spinosus (Fabricius, 1776) 

107 

Gadus morhua L., 1758 

Synonyms 

Gadus callarias 

Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758 

Gymnacanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt, 1831) 

Synonyms 

Gymnocanthus tricuspis 

Gymnelus retrodorsalis Le Danois 1913 

Gymnelus viridis (Fabricius, 1780) 

Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) 

Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L., 1758) 

Icelus bicornis Reinhardt, 1840 

Synonyms 

Icelus hamatus 

Leptagonus decagonus (Schneider, 1801) 

Leptoclinus maculatus (Fries, 1837) 

Synonyms 

Lumpenus maculatus 

Liparis fabricii Krøyer, 1847 

Liparis liparis (L., 1766) 

Synonyms 

Liparis lineatus 

Liparis montagui (Donovan, 1804) 

Lumpenus lampraetaeformis (Walbaum, 1792) 

Lumpenus medius Reinhardt, 1837 

Lycenchelus muraena (Collet, ???) 

Lycenchelys kolthoffi Jensen, 1904 

Lycodes eudipleurostictus Jensen, 1901 

Lycodes frigidus Collett, 1878 

Lycodes lavalei Vladykov & Tremblay, 1936 

Lycodes pallidus Collett, 1879 

Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt, 1835 

Lycodes rossi Malmgren, 1864 

Lycodes seminudus Reinhardt, 1837 

Lycodes squamiventer Jensen, 1904 

Lycodonus flagellicauda (Jensen, 1901) 

Macrourus berglax Lacepède, 1801 

Synonyms 

Coryphaenoides berglax 

Mallotus villosus (Möller, 1776) 

Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Gadus aeglefinus 

Micromesistis poutassou (Risso, 1826) 

Myoxocephalus scorpius (L., 1758) 

Synonyms 

Cottus scorpius 

Onogadus argentatus (Reinhardt, 1837) 

Pollachius virens (L., 

Synonyms 

Gadus virens 

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792) 

Rhodichtihys regina Collett, 1879 

Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758) 

Sebastes marinus (L., 1758) 

Sebastes mentella Travin, 1951 

Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

Triglops murrayi Günther, 1888 

Triglops nybelini Jensen, 1944 

Triglops pingeli Reinhardt, 1831 

Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855) 

108

A 

Aartsenia candida 67, 98 

abdominalis, Hemiarthrus 63, 94 

abietina, Abietinaria 48, 82 

abietina, Diphasia, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

abietina, Grammaria 49, 83 

abietina, Lafoea, see Grammaria 

abietina 

abietina, Sertularella, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

abietina, Thuiaria, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

Abietinaria abietina 48, 82 

Abietinaria filicula 48, 82 

Abietinaria pulchra 48, 82 

abissicola, Sarsiflustra, see Sarsiflustra 

abyssicola 

abranchiata, Chaetozone 53, 86 

abranchiata, Ophelina 55, 88 

abyssi, Byblis 61, 92 

abyssi, Harpinia 61, 92 

abyssi, Leuckartiara 49, 83 

abyssi, Pardalisca 62, 93 

abyssi, Perigonimus, see Leuckartiara 

abyssi 

abyssicola, Cladorhiza 46, 81 

abyssicola, Escharella 70, 102 

abyssicola, Flustra, see Sarsiflustra 

abyssicola 

abyssicola, Mucronella, see Escharella 

abyssicola 

abyssicola, Muellerina 58, 90 

abyssicola, Sarsiflustra 72, 104 

Abyssoninoe hibernica 53, 86 

abyssorum, Cactosoma 50, 84 

abyssorum, Erythrops 59, 91 

abyssorum, Parathemisto, see Themisto 

abyssorum 

abyssorum, Themisto 63, 94 

Acanthicolepis asperrima 53, 86 

Acanthocytheris dunelmensis 57, 90 

Acanthonotozoma cristatum 60, 91 

Acanthonotozoma inflatum 60, 91 

Acanthonotozoma serratum 60, 92 

Acanthonotozoma sinuatum 60, 92 

Acanthostepheia malmgreni 60, 92 

Acanthozone cuspidata, see 

Paramphithoe hystrix 

acanthurus, Tiron, see Tiron spiniferus 

Acartia longiremis 58, 90 

Aceroides latipes 60, 92 

Aceros phyllonyx, see Arrhis 

phyllonyx 

acicula, Turritellopsis, see 

Turritellopsis stimpsoni 

Acmaea rubella, see Erginus rubellus 

Acmaea tessulata, see Tectura 

testudinalis 

Index 

Acmaea testudinalis, see Tectura 

testudinalis 

Acmaea virginea, see Tectura virginea 

Acrochaete repens 45, 79 

Acrochaete viridis 45, 79 

Acrochaetium microscopicum 44, 79 

Acrosiphonia incurva 45, 79 

Acrosiphonia sonderi 45, 79 

Acthelmis schaudinnii 50, 84 

Actinia equina 50, 84 

actinophila, Cryptonemertes 51, 85 

actinophila, Nemertopsella 51, 85 

actinophila, Nemertopsis, see 

Nemertopsella actinophila 

Actinostola spetsbergensis, see 

Glandulactis spetsbergensis 

aculeata, Desmarestia 43, 78 

aculeata, Ophiopholis 22, 23, 74, 105 

aculeata, Rhachotropis 63, 94 

aculeata, Tritropis, see Rhachotropis 

aculeata 

aculeatus, Gasterosteus 76, 107 

aculeatus, Sporochnus, see 

Desmarestia aculeata 

acuminata, Ophelina 55, 88 

acutifrons, Ampharete 53, 86 

acutirostris, Porella 71, 103 

acutus, Echinus 74, 105 

Admete contabulata 65, 95 

Admete contabulata, see Admete 

viridula 

Admete viridula 65, 95 

aebranchiata, Laeana, see Leaena 

ebranchiata 

aecidioides, Gononema 43, 78 

Aega psora 63, 94 

Aega ventrosa 63, 94 

aegialites, Lumbricillus, see 

Lumbricillus pagenstecheri 

Aegina longicornis, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

Aegina spinifera 60, 92 

Aegina spinosissima, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

Aeginella longicornis, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

Aeginella spinosa 60, 92 

Aeginina longicornis 60, 92 

Aeginina spinifera Bell. in Sars 1885, 

see Aeginina longicornis 

Aeginopsis laurentii 50, 84 

aeglefinus, Gadus, see 

Melanogrammus aeglefinus 

aeglefinus, Melanogrammus 77, 107 

Aeolis hirsuta, see Cuthona nana 

aequicornis, Idunella 62, 93 

aequicornis, Metopa 62, 93 

aequiremis, Nannoniscus 64, 95 

aequiremis, Typhlotanais 60, 91 

aeruginosa, Spongomorpha 45, 80 

109 

affinis, Amphitrite, see Neoamphitrite 

affinis 

affinis, Bathyfauvelia 53, 86 

affinis, Campylaspis 59, 91 

affinis, Cryptonatica 66, 96 

affinis, Euclymene 54, 87 

affinis, Flabelligera 54, 87 

affinis, Natica, see Cryptonatica affinis 

affinis, Neoamphitrite 55, 88 

affinis, Onisimus 62, 93 

affinis, Praxilella, see Euclymene 

affinis 

affinis, Praxillella, see Euclymene 

affinis 

affinis, Pseudotanais 60, 91 

agardii, Laminaria, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

agassizi, Gorgonocephalus, see 

Gorgonocephalus arcticus 

aggregata, Dendrodoa 23, 75, 106 

Aglantha digitale 48, 82 

Aglaopenia formosa, see Cladocarpus 

formosus 

Aglaophamus malmgreni 53, 86 

Aglaophenopsis compressa 48, 82 

Ahnfeltia plicata 44, 79 

Alaria esculenta 43, 78 

Alaria grandifolia 43, 78 

Alaria membranacea, see Alaria 

esculenta 

Alaria pylaii, see Alaria esculenta 

alariae, Entonema, see Gononema 

alarie 

alarie, Gononema 43, 78 

alata, Membranoptera 44, 79 

alba, Clavularia 50, 84 

alba, Cylichna 67, 99 

alba, Glycera 54, 87 

alba, Harmothoe 54, 87 

albicans, Leucariste, see Polycirrus 

arcticus 

albida, Arachnactis 50, 84 

albidum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

albidum, Didemnum 75, 106 

albimaris, Sertularia 49, 84 

albula, Machaeroplax, see Solariella 

obscura 

albula, Menestho 67, 99 

albula, Stephanasterias 73, 105 

albulus, Nanaster, see Stephanasterias 

albula 

albulus, Stichaster, see Stephanasterias 

albula 

albus, Ischnochiton 23, 65, 95 

albus, Lophyrochiton, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

albus, Stenosemus, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

albus, Trachydermon, see Ischnochiton 

albus

albys, Lophyrus, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

Alcyonidium albidum 70, 101 

Alcyonidium disciforme 70, 101 

Alcyonidium diseiforme, see 

Alcyonidium disciforme 

Alcyonidium gelatinosum 70, 101 

Alcyonidium hirsutum 70, 101 

Alcyonidium lineare, see Alcyonidium 

mamillatum 

Alcyonidium mamillatum 70, 101 

Alcyonidium mytili 70, 101 

Alcyonidium parasiticum 70, 101 

Alcyonidium proboscidium 70, 101 

Alcyonidium radicellatum 70, 101 

Alcyonium rubiformis, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

alderi, Bicellaria, see Bicellarina alderi 

alderi, Bicellarina 70, 101 

alderi, Escharina 71, 102 

alderi, Metopa 62, 93 

alderi, Metopa, see Metopa alderi 

alderi, Schizoporella, see Escharina 

alderi 

algida, Augeneria 53, 86 

algida, Lumbriconereis, see Augeneria 

algida 

algida, Lumbrineris, see Augeneria 

algida 

Allantactis parasitica 50, 84 

allmanii, Hydractinia 49, 83 

alpinus, Salvelinus 77, 107 

Altenaeum dawsoni 68, 99 

Altenaeum dawsonia, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

altus, Anomalosipho 65, 96 

altus, Colus, see Anomalosipho altus 

altus, Sipho, see Anomalosipho altus 

Alvania arenaria, see Onoba mighelsi 

Alvania castanea, see Boreocingula 

castanea 

Alvania cruenta, see Frigidoalvania 

cruenta 

Alvania janmayeni, see Frigidoalvania 

janmayeni 

Alvania jeffreysi 65, 95 

Alvania moerchi 65, 95 

Alvania scrobiculata 65, 95 

Alvania verrilli 65, 95 

Alvania wyvillethomsoni 65, 95 

Amage auricula 53, 86 

Amagopsis klugei 53, 86 

Amaroucium translucidum, see 

Aplidium glabrum 

Amathilla homari, see Gammarellus 

homari 

Amathilla pinguis, see Weyprechtia 

pinguis 

Amathilla sabini, see Gammarellus 

homari 

Amathillopsis spinigera 60, 92 

Amaura candida, see Aartsenia candida 

Amauropsis islandica 65, 95 

ambigua, Plocamia, see Plocamionida 

ambigua 

ambigua, Plocamionida 47, 82 

Amblyops sarsi, see Dactylamblyops 

sarsi 

Ammodytes marinus 76, 107 

Ammonicera rota 67, 98 

Ammotrypane aulogaster, see Ophelina 

acuminata 

Ammotrypane cylindricaudata, see 

Ophelina cylindricaudata 

amoena, Neopotilla 66, 97 

amoena, Raphitoma, see Neopotilla 

amoena 

amoena, Teretia, see Neopotilla 

amoena 

amondseni, Gattyana 54, 87 

Ampelisca eschrichti 60, 92 

Ampelisca macrocephala 60, 92 

Ampelisca minuticornis, see Byblis 

minuticornis 

Ampharete acutifrons 53, 86 

Ampharete arctica, see Ampharete 

finmarchica 

Ampharete baltica 53, 86 

Ampharete falcata 53, 86 

Ampharete finmarchica 53, 86 

Ampharete finnmarchica, see 

Ampharete finmarchica 

Ampharete goesi 53, 86 

Ampharete gracilis, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

Ampharete grubei, see Ampharete 

acutifrons 

Ampharete lindstroemi 53, 86 

Ampharete vega 53, 86 

Amphiblestrum auritum 70, 101 

Amphiblestrum flemingii 70, 101 

Amphiblestrum septentrionalis 70, 101 

Amphiblestrum solidum 70, 101 

Amphiblestrum trifolium, see 

Amphiblestrum solidum 

Amphicteis auricoma, see Pectinaria 

auricoma 

Amphicteis gunneri 53, 86 

Amphicteis sundevalli 53, 86 

Amphilochus manudens 60, 92 

Amphipholis squamata 74, 105 

Amphipholis torelli 74, 105 

Amphipoda 32, 41, 60, 91 

Amphiporus fabricii 51, 85 

Amphiporus groenlandicus 51, 85 

Amphiporus pulcher, see 

Nipponnemertes pulcher 

Amphitrite affinis, see Neoamphitrite 

affinis 

Amphitrite birulai, see Paramphitrite 

birulai 

Amphitrite cirrata 53, 86 

Amphiura holbolli (Lütken), see 

Amphiura sundevalli 

Amphiura sundevalli 74, 105 

Amphoriscus glacialis 46, 81 

amplissima, Porphyra 44, 79 

110 

ampulla, Stegocephalopsis 63, 94 

ampulla, Stegocephalus, see 

Stegocephalopsis ampulla 

Anaitides cf. groenlandica, see 

Phyllodoce groenlandica 

Anaitides citrina, see Phyllodoce 

citrina 

Anaitides groenlandica, see Phyllodoce 

groenlandica 

Anaitides groenlandicus, see 


Anaitides maculata, see Phyllodoce 

maculata 

Anaitides mucosa, see Phyllodoce 

mucosa 

Anaitides wahlbergi, see Paranaitis 

wahlbergi 

analis, Euchone 54, 87 

Anarhichas denticulatus 76, 107 

Anarhichas lupus 76, 107 

Anarhichas minor 76, 107 

anatifera, Lepas 59, 90 

Anatoma crispata 65, 95 

Anceus robustus, see Gnathia robustus 

Anchinoe dendyi 46, 81 

Anchinoe roemeri 46, 81 

Ancula cristata, see Ancula gibbosa 

Ancula gibbosa 67, 98 

Andaniella pectinata 60, 92 

Andaniexis lupus 60, 92 

andresi, Edwardsia 50, 84 

anguipes, Ischyrocerus 62, 93 

anguipes, Podoceros, see Ischyrocerus 

anguipes 

angulata, Finmarchinella 58, 90 

angulatum, Cytheropteron 57, 90 

angulatus, Gellius 46, 81 

angulosa, Bela, see Oenopota 

cancellata 

angulosum, Buccinum 65, 96 

Anisarchus medius 76, 107 

Ankyroderma jeffreysii, see Molpadia 

borealis 

ANNELIDA 53, 56, 57, 86 

annenkovae, Bylgides 53, 86 

annenkovae, Yoldiella 69, 100 

annuata, Cribrilina, see Cribrilina 

annulata 

annulata var. spitsbergensis, Cribrilina, 

see Cribrilina spitzbergensis 

annulata, Carinella, see Tubulanus 

annulatus 

annulata, Cribilina, see Cribrilina 


annulata, Cribrilina 70, 101, 102 

annulatum, Eudendrium 48, 83 

annulatus, Tubulanus 51, 85 

Anobothrus gracilis 53, 86 

Anobothrus gracilis, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

anomala, Crania, see Neocrania 

anomala 

anomala, Neocrania 69, 101 

Anomalosipho altus 65, 96

anomalus, Spyraphus 60, 91 

anomalus, Spyrapus, see Spyraphus 

anomalus 

Anonix laticoxae, see Anonyx 

laticoxae 

Anonyx bispinosus 60, 92 

Anonyx calcaratus, see Centromedon 

calcaratus 

Anonyx cf. lilljeborgi, see Anonyx 

lilljeborgi 

Anonyx debruyni 61, 92 

Anonyx laticoxae 61, 92 

Anonyx lilljeborgi 61, 92 

Anonyx nugax 61, 92 

Anonyx pumilus, see Centromedon 

pumilus 

Anonyx sarsi 61, 92 

Anoplostoma gracile 52, 85 

Antedon eschrichti, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

Antedon prolixa, see Poliometra 

prolixa 

Antedon quadrata, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

antennina, Nemertesia 49, 83 

Anthosactis janmayeni 50, 84 

Anthozoa 50, 84 

antigua, Neptunea, see Neptunea 

antiqua 

Antinoe sarsii, see Antinoella sarsi 

Antinoella badia 53, 86 

Antinoella sarsi 53, 86 

antiqua, Neptunea 66, 97 

aperta, Tubulipora 72, 104 

Apherusa cirrus 61, 92 

Apherusa glacialis 61, 92 

Apherusa megalops (in Sars...), see 

Apherusa sarsii 

Apherusa megalops, see Apherusa 

sarsii 

Apherusa sarsii 61, 92 

Apherusa tridentata 61, 92 

aphroditoides, Castalia, see Nereimyra 

aphroditoides 

aphroditoides, Nereimyra 55, 88 

Apistobranchus tullbergi 53, 86 

Aplidium flavum, see Aplidium 

glabrum 

Aplidium glabrum 75, 106 

Aplidium lacteum, see Aplidium 

pallidum 

Aplidium mutabile 75, 106 

Aplidium pallidum 75, 106 

Aplidium spitzbergense 75, 106 

apollinis, Artemisina 46, 81 

Apomatus globifer Théel, 1879, see 

Protula similis 

Apomatus similis, see Protula similis 

Arachnactis albida 50, 84 

Arachnidium clavatum 70, 101 

Arachnidium hippothoides 70, 101 

araneus, Hyas 23, 64, 95 

arborescens, Dendronotus, see 

Dendronotus frondosus 

arborescens, Duva, see Capnella 

florida 

arborescens, Kinetoskias 71, 103 

arbuscula, Chalina 46, 81 

Arca glacialis, see Bathyarca glacialis 

Arca koreni, see Bathyarca 

pectunculoides 

Arca pectunculoides, see Bathyarca 


Archiannelida 56, 89 

Archienchytraeus gemmatus 56, 89 

arcigera, Artemisina 46, 81 

arcoferus, Gellius, see Hemigellius 

arcoferus 

arcoferus, Hemigellius 46, 81 

arcta, Cladophora, see Spongomorpha 

arcta 

arcta, Conferva, see Spongomorpha 

arcta 

arcta, Spongomorpha 45, 80 

Arctica islandica 68, 99 

arctica, Ampharete, see Ampharete 

finmarchica 

arctica, Arctonula 70, 101 

arctica, Astarte 68, 99 

arctica, Axinella, see Phakellia arctica 

arctica, Boreomysis 59, 91 

arctica, Callopora, see Tegella arctica 

arctica, Clavularia 50, 84 

arctica, Corymorpha 48, 83 

arctica, Cruoria, see Turnerella pennyi 

arctica, Cryptocope, see 

Cryptocopoides arctica 

arctica, Cryptocopoides 60, 91 

arctica, Cuspidaria 68, 99 

arctica, Cylichna 67, 99 

arctica, Diphyes 48, 83 

arctica, Discopora, see Arctonula 

arctica 

arctica, Echinozone 63, 94 

arctica, Edwardsia 50, 84 

arctica, Electra 70, 102 

arctica, Eteone 54, 86 

arctica, Eumetula 66, 96 

arctica, Eumida 54, 87 

arctica, Gersemiopsis 51, 85 

arctica, Gitanopsis 61, 92 

arctica, Grantia 46, 81 

arctica, Halcampa 51, 85 

arctica, Haliactis 51, 85 

arctica, Halocynthia, see Boltenia 

echinata 

arctica, Hamingia 52, 85 

arctica, Hiatella 22, 23, 68, 100 

arctica, Liothyris 69, 101 

arctica, Membranipora, see Tegella 

arctica 

arctica, Microspio, see Spio 

martinensis 

arctica, Nereimyra 55, 88 

arctica, Nicolea, see Nicolea 

zostericola 

111 

arctica, Notoproctus oculatus var. 55, 

88 

arctica, Panomya 69, 100 

arctica, Pectyllis, see Ptychogastria 

polaris 

arctica, Phakellia 47, 82 

arctica, Pherusa 55, 88 

arctica, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

arctica, Portlandia 69, 100 

arctica, Rhaphidotheca 47, 82 

arctica, Saxicava, see Hiatella arctica 

arctica, Schaudinnia 47, 82 

arctica, Selaginopsis, see Thuiaria 

arctica 

arctica, Smittia, see Smittina minuscula 

arctica, Smittina, see Smittina 

minuscula 

arctica, Sphacelaria 44, 78 

arctica, Spio, see Spio martinensis 

arctica, Tegella 72, 104 

arctica, Thuiaria 49, 84 

arctica, Trochostoma, see Molpadia 

borealis 

arcticulata, Microporina 71, 103 

arcticum, Halosaccion 44, 79 

arcticum, Paradoxostoma 58, 90 

arcticus, Bathypolypus 68, 99 

arcticus, Gellius 46, 81 

arcticus, Gorgonocephalus 74, 105 

arcticus, Octopus, see Bathypolypus 

arcticus 

arcticus, Ophiopus 74, 105 

arcticus, Polycirrus 56, 88 

Arctinula greenlandica 68, 99 

Arctinula groenlandica, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

Arctogadus glacialis 76, 107 

Arctonula arctica 70, 101 

Arcturus baffini 63, 94 

Arcturus hystrix 63, 94 

arenaria, Alvania, see Onoba mighelsi 

arenaria, Cingula, see Onoba mighelsi 

arenaria, Mya 68, 100 

Arenicola marina 53, 86 

arenicolae, Malmgreniella 55, 87 

arenosa, Lyonsia 68, 100 

argentatus, Margarites, see Margarites 

olivaceus 

argentatus, Onogadus 77, 107 

Argilloecia liefdefjordensis 57, 90 

Argissa hamatipes 61, 92 

Argissa typica, see Argissa hamatipes 

Ariadnaria borealis, see Trichotropis 

borealis 

Aricidea hartmanni 53, 86 

Aristias tumidus 61, 92 

armata, Spio 56, 89 

armifera, Tegella 72, 104 

armiger, Scoloplos 56, 89 

armillaris, Syllis, see Typosyllis 

armillaris 

armillaris, Typosyllis 56, 89 

Arrhinopsis longicornis 61, 92

Arrhis phyllonyx 61, 92 

Artacama proboscidea 53, 86 

Artacama proboseidea, see Artacama 

proboscidea 

Artediellus atlanticus 76, 107 

Artemisina apollinis 46, 81 

Artemisina arcigera 46, 81 

artica, Umbonula, see Arctonula arctica 

articulata, Salacia, see Thuiaria 

articulata 

articulata, Thuiaria 50, 84 

Asbestopluma bihamatifera 46, 81 

Asbestopluma pennatula 46, 81 

Ascidia callosa 75, 106 

Ascidia complanata, see Ascidia 

prunum 

Ascidia dijmphniana 75, 106 

Ascidia obliqua 75, 106 

Ascidia prunum 75, 106 

Ascidia virginea 75, 106 

Ascidiacea 35, 38, 75, 106 

Ascomyzon nigripes, see 

Dermatomyzon nigripes 

Ascophyllum nodusum 43, 78 

asellus, Lepidopleurus, see 

Leptochiton asellus 

asellus, Leptochiton 65, 95 

aspera, Harmothoe 54, 87 

asperrima, Acanthicolepis 53, 86 

assimilis, Ischyrocerus, see 

Ischyrocerus latipes 

assimilis, Parapleustes 62, 93 

assimilis, Propebela 66, 97 

Astacilla longicornis 63, 94 

Astarte arctica 68, 99 

Astarte banksii, see Tridonta montagui 

Astarte borealis, see Tridonta borealis 

Astarte compressa, see Astarte elliptica 

Astarte crenata 68, 99 

Astarte elliptica 68, 99 

Astarte fabula (?) 68, 99 

Astarte montagui, see Tridonta 

montagui 

Astarte producta 68, 99 

Astarte semisulcata, see Tridonta 

borealis 

Astarte subaequilatra, see Astarte 

crenata 

Astarte sulcata 68, 99 

Astarte warhami, see Tridonta 

montagui 

Asterias groenlandica, see Leptasterias 

groenlandica 

Asterias gunneri, see Urasterias linckii 

Asterias hyperborea, see Leptasterias 

hyperborea 

Asterias lincki, see Urasterias linckii 

Asterias linckii, see Urasterias linckii 

Asterias muelleri, see Leptasterias 

muelleri 

Asterias panopla, see Icasterias 

panopla 

Asterias rubens 73, 105 

Asterias stellionura, see Urasterias 

linckii 

Asteroidea 32, 34, 73, 105 

Astyris rosacea 65, 96 

Asychis biceps, see Chirimia biceps 

atlantica, Idmidronea 71, 103 

atlantica, Idmonea, see Idmidronea 

atlantica 

atlantica, Microsetella 58, 90 

atlanticus, Artediellus 76, 107 

attenuata, Delamarea 43, 78 

attenuata, Diphasia 48, 83 

attenuatus, Scytosiphon, see Delamarea 

attenuata 

Atylus carinatus 61, 92 

Atylus smitti 61, 92 

Audouinella efflorescens 44, 79 

Audouinella hallandicum 44, 79 

Audouinella membranacea 44, 79 

Audouinella parvulum 44, 79 

Audouinella purpurea 44, 79 

Augeneria algida 53, 86 

aulogaster, Ammotrypane, see 

Ophelina acuminata 

aulogaster, Ophelina, see Ophelina 


aurantiaca, Duva, see Capnella florida 

aurea, Phisidia 55, 88 

aurea, Physidia, see Phisidia aurea 

aureum, Botrylloides 75, 106 

aureum, Lissoclinum 75, 106 

aureum, Sarcobotrylloides, see 

Botrylloides aureum 

auricoma, Amphicteis, see Pectinaria 

auricoma 

auricoma, Pectinaria 55, 88 

auricula, Amage 53, 86 

auricula, Haliclystus 50, 84 

auriculata, Schizomavella 72, 104 

auriculata, Schizoporella, see 

Schizomavella auriculata 

auriculata, Smittina 72, 104 

aurita, Callopora, see Amphiblestrum 

auritum 

aurita, Membraniopora, see 

Amphiblestrum auritum 

auritum, Amphiblestrum 70, 101 

Autolytus prismaticus 53, 86 

Autolytus prolifer 53, 86 

Autolytus verrilli 53, 86 

avara, Dysidea 46, 81 

avicularia, Bugula 70, 101 

avicularis, Cellepora, see 

Turbicellepora avicularis 

avicularis, Tubicellepora, see 


avicularis, Turbicellepora 73, 104 

Axinella arctica, see Phakellia arctica 

Axinopsida orbiculata 68, 99 

Axinopsis orbiculata, see Axinopsida 

orbiculata 

Axinulus croulinensis, see Thyasira 

croulinensis 

112 

Axinulus ferruginosus, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

Axinus croulinensis, see Thyasira 

croulinensis 

Axinus ferruginosus, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

Axiognathus squamata, see 

Amphipholis squamata 

Axionice flexuosa 53, 86 

Axionice maculata 53, 86 

B 

badia, Antinoella 53, 86 

baerii, Pantoneura 44, 79 

baffini, Arcturus 63, 94 

Baffinia hesseleyi, see Baffinia hesslei 

Baffinia hesslei 53, 86 

Baffinicythere emarginata 57, 90 

Baffinicythere howei 57, 90 

bairdi, Benthoctopus, see 

Bathypolypus bairdii 

bairdi, Streblosoma 56, 89 

bairdii, Bathypolypus 68, 99 

bairdii, Octopus, see Bathypolypus 

bairdii 

balanoides, Balanus, see Semibalanus 

balanoides 

balanoides, Semibalanus 59, 91 

Balanus balanoides, see Semibalanus 

balanoides 

Balanus balanus 23, 59, 90 

Balanus crenatus 59, 90 

Balanus hammeri, see Chirona 

hammeri 

Balanus porcatus, see Balanus balanus 

balanus, Balanus 23, 59, 90 

balthica, Macoma 68, 100 

baltica, Ampharete 53, 86 

banksii, Astarte, see Tridonta montagui 

banksii, Nicania, see Tridonta 

montagui 

barbata, Eteone 54, 86 

barbata, Mysta, see Eteone barbata 

barentsi, Cerebratulus 51, 85 

Barentsia major 52, 85 

Barentsia variarticulata 52, 85 

barentzovoensis, Finmarchinella 58, 90 

baretti, Sidonops, see Geodia barretti 

barretti, Geodia 46, 81 

barthi, Ekmania 74, 106 

barthii, Orcula, see Ekmania barthi 

basistriata, Skenea 67, 98 

Bathyarca glacialis 23, 68, 99 

Bathyarca pectunculoides 68, 99 

Bathyarca pectunculus, see Bathyarca 


Bathybiaster vexillifer 73, 105 

Bathycrinus carpenteri 73, 105 

Bathyfauvelia affinis 53, 86 

Bathymedon obtusifrons 61, 92 

bathyphilum, Diplosomoides, see 

Lissoclinum aureum

Bathypolypus arcticus 68, 99 

Bathypolypus bairdii 68, 99 

Bathyraja spinicauda 76, 107 

beaniana, Retepora, see Reteporella 

beaniana 

beaniana, Reteporella 72, 103 

beanii, Halecium 49, 83 

beerenislandicus, Epizoanthus 50, 84 

Bela angulosa, see Oenopota cancellata 

Bela bicarinata, see Oenopota violacea 

Bela cancellata sensu G.O. Sars, see 

Propebela impressa 

Bela cancellata, see Oenopota 


Bela cinerea, see Oenopota cancellata 

Bela conoidea, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

Bela decussata, see Oenopota 

decussata 

Bela elegans, see Oenopota cancellata 

Bela exarata, see Oenopota exarata 

Bela expansa, see Oenopota violacea 

Bela gigantea, see Oenopota gigantea 

Bela gigantea, see Oenopota simplex 

Bela impressa, see Propebela impressa 

Bela kobelti, see Propebela impressa 

Bela obliqua, see Oenopota obliqua 

Bela pingelii, see Oenopota pingeli 

Bela pyramidalis, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

Bela rugulata Troschel 

var.spitzbergensis, see Propebela 

spitzbergensis 

Bela sarsi (Verrill, 1880), see 


Bela scalaroides, see Propebela 

scalaroides 

Bela schantarica, see Propebela 

woodiana 

Bela schmidti, see Oenopota harpa 

Bela trevelliana, see Propebela 

reticulata 

Bela violacea, see Oenopota violacea 

Bela viridula, see Oenopota decussata 

Bela woodiana var.lechei, see 

Propebela woodiana 

Bela woodiana, see Propebela 

woodiana 

belcheri, Buccinum 65, 96 

bella, Solariella, see Solariella obscura 

belottii, Leionucula, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

belottii, Nuculoma, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

Benthoctopus bairdi, see Bathypolypus 

bairdii 

Benthosema glaciale 76, 107 

bergendali, Ilyarachna 64, 94 

berglax, Coryphaenoides, see 

Macrourus berglax 

berglax, Macrourus 76, 107 

Beringius turtoni 65, 96 

bernhardus, Eupagurus, see Pagurus 

bernhardus 

bernhardus, Pagurus 64, 95 

berniciensis, Troschelia 67, 98 

Beroe cucumis 51, 85 

biaperta, Buffonellaria 70, 101 

biaperta, Schizoporella 72, 104 

bicarinata, Bela, see Oenopota violacea 

bicarinata, Lora, see Oenopota violacea 

bicarinata, Oenopota, see Oenopota 

violacea 

bicaudatus, Priapulopsis 52, 85 

bicaudatus, Priapulus, see Priapulopsis 

bicaudatus 

Bicellaria alderi, see Bicellarina alderi 

Bicellarina alderi 70, 101 

biceps, Asychis, see Chirimia biceps 

biceps, Chirimia 53, 86 

bicornis, Cellepora 70, 101 

bicornis, Icelus 76, 107 

bicuspida, Synidothea 64, 95 

bicuspis, Haploniscus 63, 94 

bicuspis, Neopleustes, see Parapleustes 

bicuspis 

bicuspis, Paramphithoe, see 

Parapleustes bicuspis 

bicuspis, Parapleustes 62, 93 

bidencapi, Escharoides, see 

Escharoides jacksoni 

bidenkapi, Idmonea 71, 103 

bidentata, Ophiacantha 23, 74, 105 

bidenticulatus, Socarnes 63, 94 

Biemna capillifera 46, 81 

Biemna gemmulifera 46, 81 

Biemna groenlandica 46, 81 

Biemna peachii 46, 81 

bihamatifera, Asbestopluma 46, 81 

bilaminata, Rhamphostomella 72, 103 

bilineata, Eulalia 54, 87 

biloba, Katianira 64, 94 

bipartita, Diphyes 50, 84 

bipes, Nebalia 59, 91 

bipunctata, Sagitta 73, 104 

birulai, Amphitrite, see Paramphitrite 

birulai 

birulai, Paramphitrite 55, 88 

birulai, Pseudoflustra 72, 103 

bispinosa, Euthemisto, see Themisto 

compressa 

bispinosa, Parathemisto, see Themisto 

compressa 

bispinosa, Schizoporella 72, 104 

bispinosus, Anonyx 60, 92 

Bivalvia 38, 68, 99 

Blindingia marginata 45, 79 

Blindingia minima 45, 79 

Blindingia subsalsa 45, 79 

blomstrandi, Eusyllis 54, 87 

blumeli, Xestoleberis 58, 90 

blyttii, Monostroma, see Ulvaria 

obscura 

boecki, Laphania 54, 87 

Bolbocoleon piliferum 45, 79 

Bolina infundibulum, see Bolinopsis 

infundibulum 

113 

Bolinopsis infundibulum 51, 85 

Boltenia echinata 23, 75, 106 

bonnellii, Corophium 61, 92 

Bopyroides hippolytes 63, 94 

boreale, Halecium, see Halecium 

beanii 

boreale, Pleurotoma, see Teretia teres 

boreale, Tessaradoma 72, 104 

boreale, Trochostoma, see Molpadia 

borealis 

borealis, Ariadnaria, see Trichotropis 

borealis 

borealis, Astarte, see Tridonta borealis 

borealis, Cellaria, see Microporina 

arcticulata 

borealis, Conchoecia 57, 90 

borealis, Corella 75, 106 

borealis, Coryphella 67, 98 

borealis, Euphrosine 54, 87 

borealis, Fritillaria 75, 106 

borealis, Harmothoe 54, 87 

borealis, Hippodiplosia 71, 102 

borealis, Kukenthalia 75, 106 

borealis, Melphidippa 62, 93 

borealis, Molpadia 74, 106 

borealis, Monoculodes 62, 93 

borealis, Mystides, see Mystides caeca 

borealis, Oediceros 62, 93 

borealis, Oncaea 58, 90 

borealis, Ophelia 55, 88 

borealis, Ophiopleura 74, 105 

borealis, Pandalus 23, 31, 64, 95 

borealis, Pleurotoma, see Oenopota 


borealis, Sabellides 56, 89 

borealis, Sphaerotylus 47, 82 

borealis, Stylocordyla 48, 82 

borealis, Trichasterina 48, 82 

borealis, Trichotropis 67, 98 

borealis, Tridonta 69, 100 

borealis, Tridonta, see Tridonta 

borealis 

boreas, Sclerocrangon 23, 64, 95 

Boreochiton ruber, see Tonicella rubra 

Boreocingula castanea 65, 96 

Boreocingula globulus 65, 96 

Boreogadus saida 76, 107 

Boreomysis arctica 59, 91 

Boreomysis nobilis 59, 91 

Boreomysis scyphops 59, 91 

Boreonymphon robustum 57, 89 

Boreotrophon clathratus, see Trophon 

clathratus 

Boreotrophon truncatus, see Trophon 

truncatus 

bostoniensis, Coryphella 67, 98 

Botrylloides aureum 75, 106 

Botrylloides leachi 75, 106 

Botryllus schlosseri 75, 106 

Botrytella micromora 43, 78 

Botrytella reinboldii 43, 78 

Bougavilla superciliaris 48, 82

owerbanki, Phakellia 47, 82 

Bowerbankia imbricata 70, 101 

brachiata, Calathura 63, 94 

brachiata, Paranthura, see Calathura 

brachiata 

BRACHIOPODA 69, 101 

Brachydiastylis resima 59, 91 

brachygaster, Sarsia 49, 83 

Brada granulata, see Brada inhabilis 

Brada granulosa 53, 86 

Brada incrustata 53, 86 

Brada inhabilis 53, 86 

Brada rugosa 53, 86 

Brada villosa 53, 86 

bradii, Sarsicytheridea 58, 90 

branchiatus, Cirrophorus 53, 86 

Branchiomma infarcta 53, 86 

brenda, Philomedes, see Philomedes 

globusus 

brenda, Philomedes, see Philomedes 

globusus 

brevicalcar, Westwoodilla 63, 94 

brevicaudatus, Onisimus 62, 93 

brevicollis, Cordylochele 57, 89 

brevicornis, Ischyrocerus 62, 93 

brevicornis, Paramphithoe, see 

Parapleustes gracilis 

brevicornis, Podoceros, see 

Ischyrocerus brevicornis 

breviremis, Leptognathia 60, 91 

brevis, Quasillina 47, 82 

brevitarse, Nymphon, see Nymphon 

grossipes 

Brisaster fragilis 74, 105 

britannica, Nothria, see Nothria 

conchylega 

brodiæi, Phyllophora, see Phyllophora 

truncata 

bromsi, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

cyaneum 

Brosme brosme 76, 107 

brosme, Brosme 76, 107 

browni, Coryphella 67, 98 

brunnea, Myxilla 47, 82 

bruzelii, Metopa 62, 93 

BRYOZOA 70, 101 

Bubaris vermiculata 46, 81 

Buccinum angulosum 65, 96 

Buccinum belcheri 65, 96 

Buccinum bromsi, see Buccinum 

cyaneum 

Buccinum cf. undatum, see Buccinum 

undatum 

Buccinum ciliatum 65, 96 

Buccinum cyaneum 65, 96 

Buccinum donovani G.O. Sars 1878, 

see Buccinum undatum 

Buccinum donovani, see Buccinum 

glaciale 

Buccinum finmarchianum 65, 96 

Buccinum fragile 65, 96 

Buccinum glaciale 65, 96 

Buccinum groenlandicum, see 

Buccinum cyaneum 

Buccinum humphreysianum 65, 96 

Buccinum hydrophanum 65, 96 

Buccinum maltzani 65, 96 

Buccinum micropoma 65, 96 

Buccinum nivale 65, 96 

Buccinum ovum Middendorf, 1847, 

see Buccinum maltzani 

Buccinum polare 65, 96 

Buccinum scalariforme 65, 96 

Buccinum spitzbergensis, see 

Buccinum belcheri 

Buccinum tenue, see Buccinum 

scalariforme 

Buccinum terraenovae, see Buccinum 

polare 

Buccinum totteni, see Buccinum polare 

Buccinum tumidulum, see Buccinum 

hydrophanum 

Buccinum undatum 65, 96 

Buccinum undulatum, see Buccinum 

cyaneum 

Buccinum zetlandicum Forbes 1835, 

see Buccinum undatum 

Buffonellaria biaperta 70, 101 

Bugula avicularia 70, 101 

Bugula fastigiata 70, 101 

Bugula harmsworthi 70, 101 

Bugula murrayana, see Dendrobeania 

murrayana 

Bugula purpurotincta, see Bugula 

fastigiata 

bulbosus, Isozoanthus 51, 85 

Bunodactis spetzbergensis 50, 84 

Bunodactis stella 50, 84 

burriana, Cyrtodaria, see Cyrtodaria 

siliqua 

Bushiella evoluta 53, 86 

Bushiella verruca 53, 86 

Byblis abyssi 61, 92 

Byblis gaimardi 61, 92 

Byblis minuticornis 61, 92 

Bylgides annenkovae 53, 86 

Bylgides elegans 53, 86 

Bylgides promamme 53, 86 

Bythocaris grumanti 64, 95 

Bythocaris leucopis 64, 95 

Bythocaris payeri 64, 95 

Bythocaris simplicirostris 64, 95 

Bythocythere constricta 57, 90 

Bythocythere turgida 57, 90 

bærii, Delesseria, see Pantoneura baerii 

C 

Caberea ellisii 70, 101 

Caberera ellisii, see Caberea ellisii 

Cactosoma abyssorum 50, 84 

Cadlina laevis 67, 98 

Cadlina obvelata, see Cadlina laevis 

caduca, Paraspongodes 51, 85 

114 

caeca, Lepeta 66, 96 

caeca, Mystides 55, 87 

caeca, Polydora, see Polydora coeca 

Caecognathia elongata 63, 94 

Caecognathia hirsuta 63, 94 

Caecognathia robusta 63, 94 

caecula, Westwoodilla 63, 94 

caecula, Westwoodilla, see 

Westwoodilla caecula 

Calanus finmarchicus 58, 90 

Calanus glacialis 32, 58, 90 

Calanus hyperboreus 58, 90 

Calathura brachiata 63, 94 

Calathura norvegica, see Calathura 


calcaratus, Anonyx, see Centromedon 

calcaratus 

calcaratus, Centromedon 61, 92 

calcarea, Macoma 68, 100 

callarias, Gadus, see Gadus morhua 

Calliopius laeviusculus 61, 92 

Callocolax neglectus 44, 79 

Callophyllis cristata 44, 79 

Callopora arctica, see Tegella arctica 

Callopora aurita, see Amphiblestrum 

auritum 

Callopora craticula 70, 101 

Callopora derjugini 70, 101 

Callopora lata 70, 101 

Callopora lineata 70, 101 

Callopora nigrans, see Tegella nigrans 

Callopora smitti 70, 101 

Callopora spitsbergensis, see Tegella 

spitsbergensis 

Callopora trifolium, see 


Callopora unicornis var. armifera, see 

Tegella armifera 

callosa, Ascidia 75, 106 

Calycella syringa 48, 82 

Calycidoris guentheri 67, 98 

Campanularia crenata 48, 82 

Campanularia hincksii 48, 82 

Campanularia integra, see Orthophyxis 

integra 

Campanularia johnstoni, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

Campanularia speciosa 48, 82 

Campanularia verticillata, see 

Rhizocaulus verticillatus 

Campanularia volubilis 48, 82 

Campanulina humilis, see Lafoeina 

tenuis 

Campanulina plicatilis, see Stegopoma 

plicatile 

Campanulina syringa, see Calycella 

syringa 

Campylapsis intermedia 59, 91 

Campylaspis affinis 59, 91 

Campylaspis rubicunda 59, 91 

canadensis, Oncousoecia 71, 103 

canariensis, Leucosolenia 47, 81

cancellata, Bela sensu G.O. Sars, see 


cancellata, Bela, see Oenopota 


cancellata, Lora, see Oenopota 


cancellata, Oenopota 66, 97 

Candelabrum phrygium 48, 82 

candida, Amaura, see Aartsenia 

candida 

candida, Aartsenia 67, 98 

caperata, Laminaria, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

capillare, Eudendrium 48, 83 

capillaris, Lafoea, see Lafoea dumosa 

capillata, Cyanea 50, 84 

capillifera, Biemna 46, 81 

capillosa, Grantia 46, 81 

capitata, Capitella 53, 86 

capitata, Glycera 54, 87 

capitata, Paraspongodes 51, 85 

capitata, Voeringia, see Paraspongodes 

capitata 

Capitella capitata 53, 86 

Capnella florida 50, 84 

Capnella glomerata 50, 84 

Caprella horrida, see Metacaprella 

horrida 

Caprella linearis 61, 92 

Caprella microtuberculata 61, 92 

Caprella punctata, see Caprella 

septentrionalis 

Caprella septentrionalis 61, 92 

Caprella spinosissima Norm. in Sars 

1885, see Metacaprella horrida 

Capsosiphon groenlandicum 45, 79 

Capulacmaea radiata 65, 96 

caput-serpensi, Terebratulina, see 

Terebratulina retusa 

caput-serpensis, Terebratulina, see 


Carbasea carbasea 70, 101 

carbasea, Carbasea 70, 101 

carbasea, Flustra, see Carbasea 

carbasea 

Cardium ciliatum, see Ciliatocardium 

ciliatum 

Cardium groenlandicum, see Serripes 

groenlandicus 

Careproctus longipinnis 76, 107 

Careproctus reinhardti 76, 107 

carica, Hydractinia 49, 83 

carica, Thuiaria 50, 84 

caricus, Onisimus 62, 93 

carinatus, Atylus 61, 92 

carinatus, Odius 62, 93 

Carinella annulata, see Tubulanus 

annulatus 

carnea, Hydractinia, see Podocoryne 

carnea 

carnea, Onchidiopsis, see Onchidiopsis 

latissima 

carnea, Podocoryne 49, 83 

carnosa, Dilsea 44, 79 

carnosus, Pseudosuberites 47, 82 

carnosus, Suberites, see 

Pseudosuberites carnosus 

carpenteri, Bathycrinus 73, 105 

carpenteri, Ilycrinus, see Bathycrinus 

carpenteri 

caruncula, Hymenacidon, see 

Hymeniacidon perlevis 

Castalia aphroditoides, see Nereimyra 

aphroditoides 

Castalia punctata, see Nereimyra 

punctata 

castanea, Alvania, see Boreocingula 

castanea 

castanea, Boreocingula 65, 96 

castanea, Cingula, see Boreocingula 

castanea 

Catablema vesicarium 48, 82 

cataphractus, Pleustes 63, 93 

catenularia, Electra, see Pyripora 

catenularia 

catenularia, Membranipora, see 

Pyripora catenularia 

catenularia, Pyripora 72, 103 

caudata, Leda, see Nuculana minuta 

caudatus, Priapulus 52, 85 

Caudofoveata 40, 65, 95 

caulifera, Pachychalina 47, 82 

caulleryi, Polydora 56, 88 

Cauloramphus cymbaeformis 70, 101 

Cellaria borealis, see Microporina 

arcticulata 

Cellepora avicularis, see 


Cellepora bicornis 70, 101 

Cellepora contigua, see Omalosecosa 

ramulosa 

Cellepora costazzi, see Celleporina 

hassallii 

Cellepora incrassata Smitt., see 

Celleporina surcularis 

Cellepora incrassata, see Celleporina 

incrassata 

Cellepora laevis, see Porella laevis 

Cellepora nodulosa, see Turbicellepora 

nodulosa 

Cellepora ramulosa, see Omalosecosa 

ramulosa 

Cellepora surcularis, see Celleporina 

surcularis 

Celleporella hyalina 70, 101 

Celleporina hassallii 70, 101 

Celleporina incrassata 70, 101 

Celleporina nodulosa, see 

Turbicellepora nodulosa 

Celleporina surcularis 70, 101 

Cellularia peachi, see Tricellaria peachi 

cellulosa, Retepora, see Reteporella 


centralis, Spongomorpha 45, 80 

Centromedon calcaratus 61, 92 

Centromedon productus 61, 92 

Centromedon pumilus 61, 92 

Cephalopoda 68, 99 

115 

Ceramaster granularis 73, 105 

Ceramium circinatum 44, 79 

Ceramium nodulosum 44, 79 

ceranoides, Fucus 43, 78 

Ceratocolax hartzii 44, 79 

Cerebratulus barentsi 51, 85 

Cerebratulus fuscus 51, 85 

Cerebratulus marginatus 51, 85 

Cerianthus lloydi 50, 84 

Cerianthus lloydii, see Cerianthus 

lloydi 

Cerianthus sp. (Pachyc. m.), see 

Pachycerianthus multiplicatus 

Cerithiopsis costulata, see Eumetula 

arctica 

Chaetoderma intermedium 65, 95 

Chaetoderma nitidilum 65, 95 

Chaetoderma nitidulum, see 

Chaetoderma nitidilum 

Chaetoderma productum 65, 95 

CHAETOGNATA 73, 104 

Chaetomorpha mediterranea 45, 79 

Chaetomorpha melagonium 45, 79 

Chaetonymphon hirtipes 57, 89 

Chaetonymphon hirtum 57, 89 

Chaetonymphon macronyx 57, 89 

Chaetonymphon spinosissimum 57, 89 

Chaetonymphon spinosum 57, 89 

Chaetopteris plumosa, see Sphacelaria 

plumosa 

Chaetozone abranchiata 53, 86 

Chaetozone setosa 53, 86 

Chalina arbuscula 46, 81 

Chalina groenlandica 46, 81 

Chantransia efflorescens, see 

Audouinella efflorescens 

Chartella membranaceotruncata 70, 

101 

Cheilopora sincera 70, 101 

Cheiloporina sincera, see Cheilopora 

sincera 

CHELICERATA 57, 89 

chelifer, Harpacticus 58, 90 

Chelyosoma macleayanum 75, 106 

Chiridius tenuispinus, see Gaidius 

tenuispinus 

Chiridota laevis 74, 106 

Chiridota pellucida, see Chiridota 

laevis 

Chirimia biceps 53, 86 

Chirodota laevis, see Chiridota laevis 

Chirona hammeri 59, 90 

Chitinopoma groenlandica 53, 86 

Chitinopoma serrula 53, 86 

Chiton hanleyi, see Hanleya hanleyi 

Chiton laevis, see Tonicella rubra 

Chlamys islandica 23, 31, 68, 99 

Chlamys nana 68, 99 

Chlorochytium inclusum, see 

Spongomorpha aeruginosa 

CHLOROPHYTA 45, 79 

Chondractina digitata, see Hormathia 

digitata

Chondractina nodosa, see Hormathia 

nodosa 

Chondrichthyes 76, 107 

Chone duneri 53, 86 

Chone infundibuliformis 53, 86 

Chone paucibranchiata 53, 86 

Chorda filum 43, 78 

Chorda tomentosa 43, 78 

Chordaria chordæformis, see Chordaria 

flagelliformis 

Chordaria flagelliformis 43, 78 

chordaria, Dictyosiphon 43, 78 

Chordata 35, 75, 76, 106 

chordæformis, Chordaria, see 

Chordaria flagelliformis 

christinae, Tubularia 50, 84 

Chrysallida sublustris 67, 98 

cicada, Tmetonyx 63, 94 

ciliata, Grantia, see Scypha ciliata 

ciliata, Microporella 71, 103 

ciliata, Nephtys 55, 88 

ciliata, Polydora 56, 88 

ciliata, Scypha 47, 82 

Ciliatocardium ciliatum 68, 99 

Ciliatovelutina lanigera, see Velutina 

lanigera 

ciliatum, Buccinum 65, 96 

ciliatum, Cardium, see Ciliatocardium 

ciliatum 

ciliatum, Ciliatocardium 68, 99 

ciliatum, Clinocardium, see 

Ciliatocardium ciliatum 

cilis, Iophon 47, 81 

cincinnatus, Thelepus 23, 56, 89 

cineraria, Gibbula 66, 96 

cinerea, Bela, see Oenopota cancellata 

cinerea, Haliclona 46, 81 

cinerea, Margarites, see Margarites 

costalis 

cinerea, Oenopota, see Oenopota 


cinerea, Reniera, see Haliclona cinerea 

cinereus, Margarites, see Margarites 

costalis 

cinereus, Margarites, see Margarites 

costalis 

Cingula arenaria, see Onoba mighelsi 

Cingula castanea, see Boreocingula 

castanea 

Cingula globulus, see Boreocingula 

globulus 

Cingula moerchi, see Alvania moerchi 

Ciona intestinalis 75, 106 

Circeis spirillum 53, 86 

circinatum, Ceramium 44, 79 

cirrata, Amphitrite 53, 86 

cirrata, Laonice 54, 87 

Cirratulus cirratus 53, 86 

cirratus, Cirratulus 53, 86 

cirrhosa, Gattyana 54, 87 

cirrifera, Minuspio, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

cirrifera, Minuspio, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

cirrifera, Prionospio 56, 89 

cirrifera, Prionospio, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

cirriferra, Prionospio, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

Cirripedia 32, 39, 59, 90 

Cirrophorus branchiatus 53, 86 

cirrus, Apherusa 61, 92 

citrina, Anaitides, see Phyllodoce 

citrina 

citrina, Molgula 75, 106 

citrina, Phyllodoce 55, 88 

citrinus, Spinther 56, 89 

Cladocarpus dubius 48, 83 

Cladocarpus formosus 48, 83 

Cladophora arcta, see Spongomorpha 

arcta 

Cladophora fracta 45, 79 

Cladophora hutchinsiae 45, 79 

Cladophora laetevirens 45, 79 

Cladorhiza abyssicola 46, 81 

Cladorhiza gelida 46, 81 

Cladorhiza oxeata 46, 81 

Cladorhiza tenuisigma 46, 81 

clathrata, Enteromorpha, see 

Blindingia marginata 

clathrata, Hemicytheura 58, 90 

clathratus, Boreotrophon, see Trophon 


clathratus, Trophon 67, 98 

clathratus, Trophonopsis, see Trophon 


Clathrina coriacea 46, 81 

Clathromorphum compactum 44, 79 

clausa, Cryptonatica, see Cryptonatica 

affinis 

clausa, Natica, see Cryptonatica affinis 

Clava nudum 48, 83 

clavaeformis, Myriotrichia 43, 78 

clavata, Distaplia 75, 106 

clavata, Enthalophora 70, 102 

clavata, Gersemia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

clavata, Ralfsia 43, 78 

clavata, Strangularia 44, 79 

clavatum, Arachnidium 70, 101 

Clavularia alba 50, 84 

Clavularia arctica 50, 84 

Clavularia frigida, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Cleippides quadricuspis 61, 92 

Climacosorus mediterranus 43, 78 

Clinocardium ciliatum, see 

Ciliatocardium ciliatum 

Clione limacina 67, 98 

clipeata, Cnemidocarpa 75, 106 

Clistosaccus paguri 59, 90 

Clupea harengus 76, 107 

Clymenura polaris 53, 86 

Clytia gracilis 48, 83 

Clytia hemisphaerica 48, 83 

116 

Clytia johnstoni, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

Clytia volubilis, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

Cnemidocarpa clipeata 75, 106 

Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis 75, 106 

Cnemidocarpa mollispina 75, 106 

Cnemidocarpa rhizopus 75, 106 

CNIDARIA 48, 50, 82 

coarctata, Leieschara, see Myriapora 

coarctata 

coarctata, Myriapora 71, 103 

coarctatum, Myriapora, see Myriapora 


coarctatum, Myriozoon, see Myriapora 


coarctatum, Myriozoum, see Myriapora 


coarctatus, Hyas 23, 64 

coccinea, Escharoides 71, 102 

coccinea, Mucronella, see Escharoides 

coccinea 

coccinea, Stomphia 51, 85 

Coccotylus truncata 44, 79 

coeca, Munna 64, 94 

coeca, Polydora 56, 88 

Coelosphaera physa 46, 81 

Colga villosa 67, 98 

Collettea cylindrata 60, 91 

Colossendeis proboscidea 57, 89 

Colus altus, see Anomalosipho altus 

Colus glaber, see Colus gracilis 

Colus gracilis 65, 96 

Colus holboelli 65, 96 

Colus islandicus 65, 96 

Colus kroeyeri 66, 96 

Colus lachesis, see Turrisipho lachesis 

Colus latericeus 66, 96 

Colus sabini 66, 96 

Colus togatus, see Colus sabini 

Colus tortuosus, see Colus holboelli 

Colus turgidulus 66, 96 

Colus verkruzeni 66, 96 

commune, Duasmodactyla, see 

Thyonidium drummondi 

communis, Enoplus 52, 85 

compacta, Pionosyllis 56, 88 

compactum, Clathromorphum 44, 79 

complanata, Ascidia, see Ascidia 

prunum 

complanata, Molgula 75, 107 

complicata, Leucosolenia 47, 81 

complicata, Lissodendoryx 47, 82 

compressa, Aglaophenopsis 48, 82 

compressa, Astarte, see Astarte 

elliptica 

compressa, Enteromorpha, see 

Enteromorpha intestinalis 

compressa, Grantia 46, 81 

compressa, Halicornia 49, 83 

compressa, Porella 71, 103 

compressa, Themisto 63, 94

compressa, Tryphosa, see Tryphosella 

compressa 

compressa, Tryphosella 63, 94 

compressa, Ulva, see Enteromorpha 

intestinalis 

compressus, Scytosiphon, see 

Percursaria percursa 

Conchoecia borealis 57, 90 

conchylega, Nothria 55, 88 

conchylega, Onuphis, see Nothria 

conchylega 

concinna, Elofsonella 58, 90 

concinna, Porella 71, 103 

Conferva arcta, see Spongomorpha 

arcta 

Conferva glomerata, see 

Spongomorpha arcta 

Conferva hormoides, see Urospora 

pencilliformis 

confervoides, Ectocarpus, see 

Ectocarpus siliculosus 

confervoides, Enteromorpha, see 


confervoides, Rhodomela 44, 79 

conica, Trichotropis 67, 98 

conifera, Oncaea 58, 90 

conoidea, Bela, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

conoidea, Oenopota sensu Friele , see 

Oenopota decussata 

constricta, Bythocythere 57, 90 

contabulata, Admete 65, 95 

contabulata, Admete, see Admete 

viridula 

contigua, Cellepora, see Omalosecosa 

ramulosa 

contigua, Lepraliella 71, 103 

contorta, Dumontia 44, 79 

contortus, Sclerochilus 58, 90 

Copepoda 36, 58, 90 

Cordylochele brevicollis 57, 89 

Cordylochele malleolata 57, 89 

Corella borealis 75, 106 

Corellopsis pedunculata 75, 106 

coriacea, Clathrina 46, 81 

coriacea, Leucosolenia, see Clathrina 

coriacea 

coriacea, Styela 75, 107 

corniculata, Flustrella, see Flustrellidra 

corniculata 

corniculata, Flustrellidra 71, 102 

corniculatus, Ctenodiscus, see 

Ctenodiscus crispatus 

cornigera, Katianira 64, 94 

cornucopia, Tubularia 50, 84 

cornuta, Eurycope 63, 94 

cornuta, Langerhansia 54, 87 

cornuta, Syllis, see Langerhansia 

cornuta 

cornuta, Typosyllis, see Langerhansia 

cornuta 

cornutum, Scalpellum 59, 90 

Coronopora truncata 70, 101 

Corophium bonnellii 61, 92 

Corophium crassicorne 61, 92 

corrugata, Modiolarias, see Musculus 

corrugatus 

corrugata, Pelonaia 75, 107 

corrugatum, Halecium 49, 83 

corrugatus, Musculus 68, 100 

corticata, Cylichna, see Cylichna alba 

corticata, Ennucula, see Nuculoma 

corticata 

corticata, Nuculoma 69, 100 

corunnae, Myrionema 43, 78 

Corymorpha arctica 48, 83 

Corymorpha glacialis 48, 83 

Corymorpha groenlandica 48, 83 

Corymorpha nutans 48, 83 

Corymorpha purpurea 48, 83 

Corymorpha spitzbergensis, see 

Corymorpha groenlandica 

Coryne pusilla 48, 83 

Coryphaenoides berglax, see 

Macrourus berglax 

Coryphella borealis 67, 98 

Coryphella bostoniensis 67, 98 

Coryphella browni 67, 98 

Coryphella salmonacea non Couthouy, 

see Coryphella borealis 

Coryphella stimpsoni, see Coryphella 

borealis 

Coryphella verrucosa 67, 98 

Cossura longocirrata 53, 86 

costalis, Margarites 66, 96 

costata, Hemicythere 58, 90 

costata, Myriozoella 71, 103 

costata, Rhamphostomella 72, 103 

costazzi, Cellepora, see Celleporina 

hassallii 

costulata, Cerithiopsis, see Eumetula 

arctica 

costulata, Moelleria 66, 97 

Cottunculus microps 76, 107 

Cottus scorpius, see Myoxocephalus 

scorpius 

Crania anomala, see Neocrania 

anomala 

cranium, Macandrevia 69, 101 

cranium, Tethya, see Tetilla cranium 

cranium, Tetilla 48, 82 

cranium, Waldheimia, see Macandrevia 

cranium 

crassa, Eumenia, see Polyphysia crassa 

crassa, Polyphysia 56, 89 

crassa, Ulva 45, 80 

crassicor, Lacuna 66, 96 

crassicorne, Corophium 61, 92 

crassicornis, Sabella, see Sabella 

fabricii 

crassicornis, Urticina 51, 85 

crassiuscula, Lichenopora 71, 103 

crassiuscula, Lichenopora, see 


craticula, Callopora 70, 101 

craticula, Membranipora, see Callopora 

craticula 

117 

Crella pyrula 46, 81 

crelloides, Suberites 48, 82 

Crellomina derma 46, 81 

Crellomina imparidens 46, 81 

Crellomina incrustans 46, 81 

crenata, Astarte 68, 99 

crenata, Campanularia 48, 82 

crenatus, Balanus 59, 90 

Crenella decussata 68, 99 

crenulata, Syrrhoe 63, 94 

Cribella sanguinolenta, see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

Cribilina annulata, see Cribrilina 


Cribilina punctata, see Cribrilina 


Cribilina scutulata, see Harmeria 

scutulata 

Cribilina spitzbergensis, see Cribrilina 


Cribrella oculata (Linck), see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

Cribrella sanguinolenta, see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

Cribrilina annuata, see Cribrilina 


Cribrilina annulata 70, 101, 102 

Cribrilina annulata var. spitsbergensis, 

see Cribrilina spitzbergensis 

Cribrilina punctata 70, 101 

Cribrilina scutulata, see Harmeria 


Cribrilina spitzbergensis 70, 102 

Cribrilina watersi 70, 102 

Cribrinopsis similis 50, 84 

cribrosa, Phakellia 47, 82 

Crinoidea 32, 34, 73, 105 

Crisia dendiculata, see Crisia 

denticulata 

Crisia denticulata 70, 102 

Crisia eburnea 70, 102 

crispa, Prasiola 45, 80 

crispata, Anatoma 65, 95 

crispata, Scissurella, see Anatoma 

crispata 

crispatus, Ctenodiscus 23, 73, 105 

crispatus, Orchomene 62, 93 

cristata, Ancula, see Ancula gibbosa 

cristata, Callophyllis 44, 79 

cristata, Euthoa, see Callophyllis 

cristata 

cristata, Hemilamprops, see 

Hemilamprops cristatus 

cristata, Melinna 55, 87 

cristata, Pista 56, 88 

cristatum, Acanthonotozoma 60, 91 

cristatus, Hemilamprops 60, 91 

cristatus, Vertumnus, see 

Acanthonotozoma cristatum 

Crossaster papposus 23, 73, 105 

Crossaster squamatus 73, 105 

crouanii, Lithophyllum 44, 79 

crouliensis, Thyasira, see Thyasira 

croulinensis

croulinensis, Axinulus, see Thyasira 

croulinensis 

croulinensis, Axinus, see Thyasira 

croulinensis 

croulinensis, Thyasira 69, 100 

cruenta, Alvania, see Frigidoalvania 

cruenta 

cruenta, Frigidoalvania 66, 96 

cruenta, Rissoa, see Frigidoalvania 

cruenta 

cruenta, Schizoporella, see 

Stomachetosella cruenta 

cruenta, Stomachaetosella, see 


cruenta, Stomachetosella 72, 104 

cruentata, Mucronella 71, 103 

Cruoria arctica, see Turnerella pennyi 

CRUSTACEA 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 

90 

crustacea, Myriozoella 71, 103 

crustacea, Schizoporella 72, 104 

crustacea, Vosmaeria 48, 82 

crustaceum, Myriozoum, see 

Schizoporella crustacea 

crustulenta, Electra 70, 102 

Cryptocope arctica, see 

Cryptocopoides arctica 

Cryptocopoides arctica 60, 91 

Cryptonatica affinis 66, 96 

Cryptonatica clausa, see Cryptonatica 

affinis 

Cryptonemertes actinophila 51, 85 

crystallina, Molgula, see Molgula 

griffithsii 

Ctenodiscus corniculatus, see 

Ctenodiscus crispatus 

Ctenodiscus crispatus 23, 73, 105 

Ctenodiscus polaris, see Ctenodiscus 

crispatus 

CTENOPHORA 51, 85 

Cucumaria frondosa 74, 106 

Cucumaria glacialis, see Ocnus 

glacialis 

Cucumaria lactea, see Ocnus lacteus 

Cucumaria minuta, see Cucumaria 

frondosa 

cucumis, Beroe 51, 85 

Cumacea 59, 91 

cupressoides, Thuiaria 50, 84 

Curtitoma trevelyana, see Propebela 


Curtitoma violacea, see Oenopota 

violacea 

curvicaule, Halecium 49, 83 

curvicostata, Finmarchinella 58, 90 

Cuspidaria arctica 68, 99 

Cuspidaria glacialis 68, 99 

Cuspidaria obesa 68, 99 

Cuspidaria subtorta 68, 99 

cuspidata, Acanthozone, see 

Paramphithoe hystrix 

cuspidata, Pardalisca 62, 93 

cuspidatus, Eusirus 61, 92 

Cuspidella humilis, see Lafoeina tenuis 

Cuthona nana 67, 99 

Cuthona viridis 67, 99 

Cyanea capillata 50, 84 

cyaneum, Buccinum 65, 96 

cyathiforme, Depastrum 50, 84 

Cyclopecten hoskynsi, see Cyclopecten 

imbrifer 

Cyclopecten imbrifer 68, 99 

Cyclostrema laevigatum (Jeffreys) 

G.O. Sars, see Skenea laevigata 

Cyclostrema trochoide, see Skenea 

peterseni 

Cylichna alba 67, 99 

Cylichna arctica 67, 99 

Cylichna corticata, see Cylichna alba 

Cylichna magna 67, 99 

Cylichna occulta 67, 99 

Cylichna reinhardti, see Cylichna 

occulta 

Cylichna scalpta, see Cylichna occulta 

cylindrata, Collettea 60, 91 

cylindrata, Strongylura, see Collettea 

cylindrata 

cylindricaudata, Ammotrypane, see 

Ophelina cylindricaudata 

cylindricaudata, Ophelina 55, 88 

Cylindroecium dilatatum, see Nolella 

dilitata 

Cylindroporella tubulosa 70, 102 

cymba, Lepidepecreella 62, 93 

cymbaeformis, Cauloramphus 70, 101 

cymbaeformis, Membranipora, see 

Cauloramphus cymbaeformis 

Cyprina islandica, see Arctica islandica 

Cyrtodaria burriana, see Cyrtodaria 

siliqua 

Cyrtodaria kurriana, see Cyrtodaria 

siliqua 

Cyrtodaria siliqua 68, 100 

Cystisella saccata 70, 102 

Cystoclonium purpureum 44, 79 

Cythere lutea 57, 90 

Cytheromorpha macchesneyi 57, 90 

Cytheropteron angulatum 57, 90 

Cytheropteron dimlingtonensis 57, 90 

Cytheropteron hamatum 57, 90 

Cytheropteron latissimum 57, 90 

Cytheropteron nodosoalatum 58, 90 

Cytheropteron nodosum 58, 90 

Cytheropteron pseudomonstrosiense 

58, 90 

Cytheropteron pyramidale 58, 90 

Cytheropteron testudo 58, 90 

Cytherura undata 58, 90 

D 

Dacrydium vitreum 68, 100 

Dactylamblyops sarsi 59, 91 

Dajus mysidis 63, 94 

dalli, Dendronotus, see Dendronotus 

frondosus 

danielsseni, Epizoanthus 50, 84 

118 

danielsseni, Mohnia 66, 97 

danielsseni, Myriochele 55, 87 

Dasychone infarcta, see Branchiomma 

infarcta 

dautzenbergi, Sipho, see Colus 

verkruzeni 

dawsoni, Altenaeum 68, 99 

dawsoni, Montacuta, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

dawsoni, Mysella, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

dawsonia, Altenaeum, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

debruyni, Anonyx 61, 92 

decagonus, Leptagonus 76, 107 

Decapoda 31, 32, 33, 39, 41, 64, 95 

decemserialis, Thuiaria 50, 84 

declivis, Petalosarsia 60, 91 

decorata, Spio, see Spio decoratus 

decoratus, Spio 56, 89 

decussata, Bela, see Oenopota 


decussata, Crenella 68, 99 

decussata, Lora, see Oenopota 


decussata, Oenopota 66, 97 

dedritifera, Hexadella 46, 81 

deflexa, Entalophora, see 

Entalophoroecia deflexa 

deflexa, Entalophoroecia 70, 102 

deformis, Pyrulofusus, see Volutopsius 

deformis 

deformis, Volutopsius 67, 98 

Defrancia elegans, see Oenopota 


Defrancia lucernaria 70, 102 

Defrancia woodiana, see Propebela 

woodiana 

Delamarea attenuata 43, 78 

Delesseria bærii, see Pantoneura baerii 

Delesseria rossica 44, 79 

delphinodonta, Nucula, see Nuculoma 


dendiculata, Crisia, see Crisia 

denticulata 

Dendrobaenia fruticosa, see 

Dendrobeania fruticosa 

Dendrobaenia murrayana var. 

quadridentata, see Dendrobeania 

murrayana var. quadridentata 

Dendrobaenia murrayana, see 

Dendrobeania murrayana 

Dendrobeania fruticosa 70, 102 

Dendrobeania murrayana 70, 102 

Dendrobeania murrayana var. 

quadridentata 70, 102 

Dendrodoa aggregata 23, 75, 106 

Dendrodoa grossularia 75, 106 

Dendrodoa kukenthali, see Dendrodoa 

pulchella 

Dendrodoa lineata, see Dendrodoa 

aggregata 

Dendrodoa pulchella 75, 106 

Dendrodoa uniplicata 75, 106

Dendronotus arborescens, see 

Dendronotus frondosus 

Dendronotus dalli, see Dendronotus 

frondosus 

Dendronotus frondosus 67, 99 

Dendronotus lacteus, see Dendronotus 

frondosus 

Dendronotus robustus 67, 99 

dendyi, Anchinoe 46, 81 

denselirata, Neptunea, see Neptunea 

despecta 

densus, Pycnanthus 51, 85 

dentata, Melita 62, 93 

dentata, Odonthalia 44, 79 

dentata, Rhodomela, see Odonthalia 

dentata 

denticaudatum, Thoracostoma 52, 85 

denticulata, Crisia 70, 102 

denticulata, Teredo 69, 100 

denticulatus, Anarhichas 76, 107 

Depastrum cyathiforme 50, 84 

depressa, Goesia 61, 92 

depressa, Xestoleberis 58, 90 

derjugini, Callopora 70, 101 

derjugini, Eumicrotremus 76, 107 

derjugini, Hymedesmia 46, 81 

derma, Crellomina 46, 81 

dermata, Hymedesmia 46, 81 

Dermatocelis laminariae 43, 78 

dermatodea, Laminaria, see Saccorhiza 

dermatodea 

dermatodea, Phyllaria, see Saccorhiza 


dermatodea, Saccorhiza 43, 78 

Dermatomyzon nigripes 58, 90 

Desmarestia aculeata 43, 78 

Desmarestia viridis 43, 78 

despecta, Neptunea 66, 97 

Devaleraea ramentacea 44, 79 

devexa, Thracia 69, 100 

Diaphana glacialis 67, 99 

Diaphana globosa, see Diaphana 

minuta 

Diaphana hiemalis 67, 99 

Diaphana hyalina, see Diaphana 

minuta 

Diaphana minuta 67, 99 

Diastopora diastoporides 70, 102 

Diastopora latomarginata 70, 102 

Diastopora obelia, see Diplosolen 

obelia 

Diastopora suborbicularis 70, 102 

diastoporides, Diastopora 70, 102 

diastoporides, Oncousoecia 71, 103 

diastoporides, Stomatopora, see 

Oncousoecia diastoporides 

Diastylis cf. goodsiri, see Diastylis 

goodsiri 

Diastylis echinata 59, 91 

Diastylis edwardsi 59, 91 

Diastylis glabra 59, 91 

Diastylis goodsiri 59, 91 

Diastylis lepechini 59, 91 

Diastylis lucifera 59, 91 

Diastylis nodosa, see Diastylis 

spinulosa 

Diastylis oxyrhyncha 59, 91 

Diastylis polaris 60, 91 

Diastylis rathkei 60, 91 

Diastylis scorpioides 60, 91 

Diastylis spinulosa 60, 91 

Diastylopsis resima, see 

Brachydiastylis resima 

Diastylopsis resima, see 

Brachydiastylis resima" 

Dichloria viridis, see Desmarestia 

viridis 

dichotoma, Laomedea, see Obelia 

dichotoma 

dichotoma, Obelia 49, 83 

dicotomum, Fimbriofolium 44, 79 

Dictyosiphon chordaria 43, 78 

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus 43, 78 

Dictyosiphon hipuroides, see 

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus 

Didemnum albidum 75, 106 

difformis, Ericthonius 61, 92 

digitale, Aglantha 48, 82 

digitata, Chondractina, see Hormathia 

digitata 

digitata, Hormathia 51, 85 

digitata, Laminaria 43, 78 

dijmphniana, Ascidia 75, 106 

dilatans, Oncouecia, see Oncousoecia 

dilatans 

dilatans, Oncousoecia 71, 103 

dilatans, Stomatopora, see 

Oncousoecia dilatans 

dilatatum, Cylindroecium, see Nolella 

dilitata 

dilitans, Tubularia, see Oncousoecia 


dilitata, Nolella 71, 103 

Dilsea carnosa 44, 79 

Dilsea integra 44, 79 

dimlingtonensis, Cytheropteron 57, 90 

Diphasia abietina, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

Diphasia attenuata 48, 83 

Diphasia fallax 48, 83 

Diphasia thujarioides 48, 83 

Diphyes arctica 48, 83 

Diphyes bipartita 50, 84 

Diplocirrus glaucus 53, 86 

Diplocirrus hirsutus 53, 86 

Diplocirrus longisetosus 53, 86 

Diplocirrus longosetosa, see 

Diplocirrus longisetosus 

Diploderma miniata, see Porphyra 

miniata 

Diplodonta torelli 68, 100 

Diplonema percursaria, see Percursaria 

percursa 

Diplopteraster multipes 73, 105 

Diplosolen intricarius 70, 102 

Diplosolen obelia 70, 102 

119 

Diplosomoides bathyphilum, see 

Lissoclinum aureum 

Diplosomoides dubium, see 


disciforme, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

Discopora arctica, see Arctonula 

arctica 

Discopora patens 70, 102 

Discopora rosacea, see Ragionula 

rosacea 

Discopora sarsi, see Posterula sarsi 

Discopora scabra var. fortissima, see 

Rhamphostomella costata 

discors, Modiolaria, see Musculus 

discors 

discors, Musculus 68, 100 

discreta, Membranipora, see Callopora 

smitti 

diseiforme, Alcyonidium, see 

Alcyonidium disciforme 

Disporella hispida 70, 102 

Distaplia clavata 75, 106 

Distaplia livida 75, 106 

disticus, Fucus 43, 78 

divaricata, Hippothoa 71, 102 

divaricata, Lacuna, see Lacuna vincta 

divaricata, Sphaerotrichia 44, 79 

diversichela, Lissodendoryx 47, 82 

Domopora lucernaria, see Defrancia 

lucernaria 

Domopora stellata, see Coronopora 


domuncula, Suberites, see Suberites 

ficus 

donovani, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

glaciale 

donovani, Buccinum, see Buccinum 


Doris repanda, see Cadlina laevis 

Dorvillea ? roemeri 53, 86 

Dorvillea rubrovittata 53, 86 

Doryporella spathulifera 70, 102 

Doryporella spatulifera, see 

Doryporella spathulifera 

Drifa hyalina 50, 84 

droebachiensis, Euclymene 54, 87 

droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus 22, 

23, 74, 105 

drummondi, Phyllophorus, see 


drummondi, Thyonidium 74, 106 

dryopsis, Voeringia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Duasmodactyla commune, see 


dubia, Iotrochota, see Iotrochota 

rotulancora 

dubium, Diplosomoides, see 


dubius, Cladocarpus 48, 83 

dubius, Iophon 47, 81 

dujardini, Halisarca 46, 81 

Dulichia spinosissima 61, 92 

Dulichia tuberculata 61, 92

Dulichiopsis macera 61, 92 

Dumontia contorta 44, 79 

dumosa, Lafoea 49, 83 

dunbari, Thyasira 69, 100 

dunelmensis, Acanthocytheris 57, 90 

duneri, Chone 53, 86 

duplex, Menipea, see Notoplites smitti 

Duva arborescens, see Capnella florida 

Duva aurantiaca, see Capnella florida 

Duva multiflora, see Capnella florida 

Duva rosea, see Capnella florida 

Duva spitsbergensis, see Capnella 

florida 

Duva violacea, see Capnella florida 

Dymella laxa 48, 83 

Dynamena fallax, see Diphasia fallax 

Dynamena unilateralis, see Sertularia 

tenera 

Dyopedos monachanthus 61, 92 

Dysidea avara 46, 81 

Dysponetus pygmaeus 53, 86 

E 

ebranchiata, Leaena 54, 87 

eburnea, Crisia 70, 102 

eburnea, Liostomia 67, 99 

Echarella immersa, see Escharella 

immersa 

echinata, Boltenia 23, 75, 106 

echinata, Diastylis 59, 91 

echinata, Hydractinia 49, 83 

Echinoclathria foliata 46, 81 

Echinocucumis hispida 74, 106 

Echinocythereis mirabilis 58, 90 

ECHINODERMATA 73, 74, 105 

Echinoidea 38, 74, 105 

Echinozone arctica 63, 94 

Echinus acutus 74, 105 

Echinus esculentus 74, 105 

ECHIURIDA 52, 85 

Eclysippe vanelli 53, 86 

Ectocarpus confervoides, see 

Ectocarpus siliculosus 

Ectocarpus firmus, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

Ectocarpus litoralis, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

Ectocarpus ocraceus, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

Ectocarpus siliculosus 43, 78 

Ectyodoryx (?) oligacantha 46, 81 

Ectyodoryx olgae 46, 81 

edentatus, Enoplus 52, 85 

edulis, Mytilus 69, 100 

edwardsi, Diastylis 59, 91 

edwardsi, Onisimus 62, 93 

Edwardsia andresi 50, 84 

Edwardsia arctica 50, 84 

Edwardsia finmarchica 50, 84 

Edwardsia vitrea 50, 84 

efflorescens, Audouinella 44, 79 

efflorescens, Chantransia, see 

Audouinella efflorescens 

egedii, Leuconia 47, 81 

Ekmania barthi 74, 106 

Elachista fuciola 43, 78 

Elachista stellaris 43, 78 

elaongata, Urospora 45, 80 

Electra arctica 70, 102 

Electra catenularia, see Pyripora 

catenularia 

Electra crustulenta 70, 102 

Electra pilosa 70, 102 

elegans, Bela, see Oenopota cancellata 

elegans, Bylgides 53, 86 

elegans, Defrancia, see Oenopota 


elegans, Euchone 54, 87 

elegans, Halirages 61, 92 

elegans, Nymphon 57, 89 

elegans, Pygospio 56, 89 

elegans, Sagitta 73, 104 

elegans, Trochoderma 74, 106 

elegantula, Porella, see Cystisella 

saccata 

elisabethae, Melinna, see Melinna 


Elliptica elliptica, see Astarte elliptica 

elliptica, Astarte 68, 99 

elliptica, Elliptica, see Astarte elliptica 

elliptica, Tridonta, see Astarte elliptica 

ellisii, Caberea 70, 101 

ellisii, Caberera, see Caberea ellisii 

Elofsonella concinna 58, 90 

Elofsonella latimarginata 58, 90 

elongata, Caecognathia 63, 94 

elongata, Gnathia, see Caecognathia 

elongata 

elongata, Phidolopora 71, 103 

elongata, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

elongata, Retepora, see Phidolopora 


elongata, Sertella, see Phidolopora 


elongatula, Lepralia 71, 103 

elongatus, Pseudocalanus 58, 90 

Elpidia glacialis 74, 106 

emarginata, Baffinicythere 57, 90 

emarginata, Eudorella 60, 91 

emarginata, Hemicythere 58, 90 

emphysema, Melonanchora 47, 82 

Emplectonema incompta 51, 85 

emucronata, Hemicyclopora, see 

Hemicyclopora polita 

encrinus, Umbellula 51, 85 

endeca, Solaster 73, 105 

Ennucula corticata, see Nuculoma 


Ennucula tenuis, see Nuculoma tenuis 

Enoplus communis 52, 85 

Enoplus edentatus 52, 85 

Entalophora deflexa, see 


Entalophoroecia deflexa 70, 102 

120 

Enteromorpha clathrata, see Blindingia 

marginata 

Enteromorpha compressa, see 

Enteromorpha intestinalis 

Enteromorpha confervoides, see 


Enteromorpha intestinalis 45, 79 

Enteromorpha micrococca, see 


Enteromorpha minima, see Blindingia 

minima 

Enteromorpha prolifera 45, 79 

Enthalophora clavata 70, 102 

Entocladia flustracae 45, 79 

Entocladia viridis, see Acrochaete 

viridis 

Entonema alariae, see Gononema alarie 

Ephausia inermis, see Thysanoessa 

inermis 

Ephesia gracilis, see Sphaerodorum 

gracilis 

Epimeria loricata 61, 92 

Epitonium greenlandicum 66, 96 

Epizoanthus beerenislandicus 50, 84 

Epizoanthus danielsseni 50, 84 

Epizoanthus erdmanni 50, 84 

Epizoanthus glacialis 50, 84 

Epizoanthus norvegicus 50, 84 

equalis, Thyasira 69, 100 

equees, Urticina 51, 85 

equina, Actinia 50, 84 

erdmanni, Epizoanthus 50, 84 

eremita, Nephasoma 52, 85 

eremita, Phascolosoma, see 

Nephasoma eremita 

Ereutho smitti, see Polycirrus medusa 

Erginus rubellus 23, 66, 96 

Ericthonius difformis 61, 92 

Ericthonius megalops 61, 92 

erinaceus, Sphaerosyllis 56, 89 

erythrophthalma, Erythrops 59, 91 

Erythrops abyssorum 59, 91 

Erythrops erythrophthalma 59, 91 

Erythrops glacialis 59, 91 

Erythrops göesii, see Erythrops 

erythrophthalma 

Escharella abyssicola 70, 102 

Escharella immersa 71, 102 

Escharella labiata 71, 102 

Escharella laqueata 71, 102 

Escharella levinseni 71, 102 

Escharella microstoma, see Escharella 

levinseni 

Escharella palmata 71, 102 

Escharella ventricosa 71, 102 

Escharelloides spinulifera, see 

Hincksipora spinulifera 

Escharina alderi 71, 102 

Escharoides bidencapi, see Escharoides 

jacksoni 

Escharoides coccinea 71, 102 

Escharoides jacksoni 71, 102

Escharoides rosacea, see Ragionula 

rosacea 

Escharoides sarsi, see Posterula sarsi 

Escharopsis lobata 71, 102 

Escharopsis sarsi, see Posterula sarsi 

eschrichti, Ampelisca 60, 92 

eschrichti, Antedon, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

eschrichtii, Heliometra, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

esculenta, Alaria 43, 78 

esculenta, Laminaria, see Alaria 

esculenta 

esculentus, Echinus 74, 105 

esmarki, Trisopterus 77, 108 

Esperiopsis forcipula 46, 81 

Esperiopsis palmata 46, 81 

Esperiopsis typichela 46, 81 

Esperiopsis villosa 46, 81 

Eteone arctica 54, 86 

Eteone barbata 54, 86 

Eteone flava 54, 86, 87 

Eteone flava/longa 54, 87 

Eteone longa 54, 87 

Eteone spetsbergensis 54, 87 

euacantha, Paramphithoe, see 

Pleusymtes pulchella 

Eualus gaimardi, see Eualus gaimardii 

Eualus gaimardii 64, 95 

Eualus pusiolus 64, 95 

Euchaeta norvegica, see Pareuchaeta 

norvegica 

Euchone analis 54, 87 

Euchone elegans 54, 87 

Euchone papillosa 54, 87 

Euchone rubella 54, 87 

Euchone rubrocincta 54, 87 

Euclymene affinis 54, 87 

Euclymene droebachiensis 54, 87 

Euclymene praetermissa, see 

Praxillella praetermissa 

eucnemis, Gorgonocephalus 74, 105 

Eucranta villosa 54, 87 

Eucratea loricata 71, 102 

Eudendrium annulatum 48, 83 

Eudendrium capillare 48, 83 

Eudendrium insigne 48, 83 

Eudendrium rameum 49, 83 

Eudendrium ramosum 49, 83 

Eudendrium tenellum 49, 83 

Eudendrium vaginatum 49, 83 

Eudesme virescenc 43, 78 

eudipleurostictus, Lycodes 76, 107 

Eudistoma vitreum 75, 106 

Eudorella emarginata 60, 91 

Eudorella gracilis 60, 91 

Eudorella hirsuta 60, 91 

Eudorella spitzbergensis 60, 91 

Eugyra glutinans 75, 106 

Eugyra pedunculata 75, 106 

Eugyra symmetra, see Eugyra glutinans 

Eukrohnia hamata 73, 104 

Eulalia bilineata 54, 87 

Eulalia hanssoni 54, 87 

Eulalia sanguinea, see Eumida 

sanguinea 

Eulalia viridis 54, 87 

Eumastia sitiens 46, 81 

Eumenia crassa, see Polyphysia crassa 

Eumetula arctica 66, 96 

Eumicrotremus derjugini 76, 107 

Eumicrotremus spinosus 76, 107 

Eumida arctica 54, 87 

Eumida sanguinea 54, 87 

Eunephthya florida, see Capnella 

florida 

Eunephthya fruticosa 50, 84 

Eunephtya florida, see Capnella florida 

Eunephtya glomerata, see Capnella 

glomerata 

Eunice norvegica 54, 87 

Eunice pennata 54, 87 

Eunoe nodosa 54, 87 

Eunoe oerstedi 54, 87 

Eunoe scabra, see Eunoe oerstedi 

Eupagurus bernhardus, see Pagurus 

bernhardus 

Eupagurus pubescens, see Pagurus 

pubescens 

Euphausiacea 64, 95 

Euphrosine borealis 54, 87 

Euphysa flammea 49, 83 

Eupolymnia nesidensis 54, 87 

Eupyrgus scaber 74, 106 

euriciclus, Myriotrochus, see 

Myriotrochus eurycyclus 

Eurycope cornuta 63, 94 

Eurycope gigantea, see Munnopsurus 

giganteus 

eurycyclus, Myriotrochus 74, 106 

Eurycyde hispida 57, 89 

Eurypon spitzbergensis 46, 81 

Eurystenes gryllus, see Eurythenes 

gryllus 

Eurythenes gryllus 61, 92 

Eusirus cuspidatus 61, 92 

Eusyllis blomstrandi 54, 87 

Eusyllis monilicornis 54, 87 

Euthemisto bispinosa, see Themisto 

compressa 

Euthemisto libellula, see Themisto 

libellula 

Euthoa cristata, see Callophyllis 


evanescens, Fucus 43, 78 

evoluta, Bushiella 53, 86 

exarata, Bela, see Oenopota exarata 

exarata, Lora, see Oenopota exarata 

exarata, Oenopota 66, 97 

expansa, Bela, see Oenopota violacea 

expansa, Hippothoa 71, 102 

expansum, Filellum 49, 83 

expausa, Hippothoa, see Hippothoa 

expansa 

extensum, Pseudolithoderma 43, 78 

121 

F 

fabricans, Forcepia 46, 81 

Fabricia sabella, see Fabricia stellaris 

Fabricia stellaris 54, 87 

fabricii, Amphiporus 51, 85 

fabricii, Liparis 76, 107 

fabricii, Munna 64, 94 

fabricii, Psolus, see Psolus squamatus 

fabricii, Sabella 56, 89 

fabricii, Sertularia 49, 84 

fabricii, Trophon 67, 98 

fabula, Astarte 68, 99 

faeroensis, Leptoclinides 75, 106 

falcata, Ampharete 53, 86 

falcata, Hydrallmania 49, 83 

falcatus, Monoculodes, see 

Monoculodes subnudus 

fallax, Diphasia 48, 83 

fallax, Dynamena, see Diphasia fallax 

fascia, Petalonia 43, 78 

fasciata, Protomedeia 63, 94 

fasciata, Typosyllis 56, 89 

fasciculata, Hymenacidon, see 

Hymeniacidon fasciculata 

fasciculata, Hymeniacidon 47, 81 

fasciculata, Leptonematella 43, 78 

fasciculatum, Lithophyllum 44, 79 

fascigatoavicul, Hippoponella, see 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicularis 

fascigatoavicularis, Hippoponella 71, 

102 

fastigiata, Bugula 70, 101 

Feldmannia irregularis 43, 78 

felina, Tealia, see Urticina felina 

felina, Urticina 23, 51, 85 

femorata, Pontoporeia 63, 94 

femoratum, Phoxichilidium 57, 90 

fenestrata, Idmonea 71, 103 

ferox, Sclerocrangon 64, 95 

ferruginea, Thyasira 69, 100 

ferruginosa, Thyasira, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

ferruginosus, Axinulus, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

ferruginosus, Axinus, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

fibrosa, Halichondria 46, 81 

fibrosa, Polycarpa 75, 107 

Ficulina lutkeni, see Suberites luetkeni 

Ficulina spermatozoon, see Suberites 

luetkeni 

ficus, Suberites 48, 82 

Filellum expansum 49, 83 

Filellum serpens 49, 83 

filicornis, Laetmonice 54, 87 

filicornis, Spio 56, 89 

filicula, Abietinaria 48, 82 

filiformis, Heteromastus 54, 87 

Filograna implexa 54, 87 

filum, Chorda 43, 78

filum, Scytosiphon, see Chorda filum 

fimbriata, Myxilla 47, 82 

Fimbriofolium dicotomum 44, 79 

finmarchianum, Buccinum 65, 96 

finmarchica, Ampharete 53, 86 

finmarchica, Edwardsia 50, 84 

finmarchica, Philine 67, 99 

finmarchica, Psammopemma 47, 82 

finmarchicus, Calanus 58, 90 

finmarchicus, Typhlotanais 60, 91 

Finmarchinella angulata 58, 90 

Finmarchinella barentzovoensis 58, 90 

Finmarchinella curvicostata 58, 90 

finmarkiensis, Cnemidocarpa 75, 106 

finnmarchica, Ampharete, see 

Ampharete finmarchica 

firmus, Ectocarpus, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

fissicornis, Liljeborgia 62, 93 

flabellaris, Tubulipora 72, 104 

flabelliformis, Homeodictya, see 

Isodictya flabelliformis 

flabelliformis, Isodictya 47, 81 

flabelliformis, Myxilla 47, 82 

Flabelligera affinis 54, 87 

Flabellina verrucosa, see Coryphella 

verrucosa 

flacca, Ulothrix 45, 80 

flagellata, Spongomorpha 45, 80 

flagellicauda, Lycodonus 76, 107 

flagelliformis, Chordaria 43, 78 

flammea, Euphysa 49, 83 

flava, Eteone 54, 86, 87 

flava/longa, Eteone 54, 87 

flavescens, Nephthya 51, 85 

flavum, Aplidium, see Aplidium 

glabrum 

flavum, Sphaerodorum, see 

Sphaerodorum gracilis 

flemingi, Membranipora, see 

Amphiblestrum flemingii 

flemingii, Amphiblestrum 70, 101 

flexuosa, Axionice 53, 86 

flexuosa, Pista, see Axionice flexuosa 

flexuosa, Thyasira 69, 100 

flexuosa, Thyasira, see Thyasira 

flexuosa 

flexuosa, Thysira, see Thyasira 

flexuosa 

florida, Capnella 50, 84 

florida, Eunephthya, see Capnella 

florida 

florida, Eunephtya, see Capnella 

florida 

fluctuosa, Liocyma 68, 100 

Flustra abyssicola, see Sarsiflustra 

abyssicola 

Flustra carbasea, see Carbasea carbasea 

Flustra foliacea 71, 102 

Flustra membranaceotruncata, see 

Chartella membranaceotruncata 

Flustra securifrons, see Securiflustra 

securifrons 

Flustra spitsbergensis, see Tegella 


flustracae, Entocladia 45, 79 

Flustrella corniculata, see Flustrellidra 

corniculata 

Flustrellidra corniculata 71, 102 

foeniculaceus, Dictyosiphon 43, 78 

foliacea, Flustra 71, 102 

foliata, Echinoclathria 46, 81 

forbesii, Travisia 56, 89 

Forcepia fabricans 46, 81 

forcipula, Esperiopsis 46, 81 

formosa, Aglaopenia, see Cladocarpus 

formosus 

formosa, Melita 62, 93 

formosus, Cladocarpus 48, 83 

fortis, Stryphnus 48, 82 

fortissima, Rhamphostomella, see 


fracta, Cladophora 45, 79 

fracta, Pachychalina 47, 82 

fragile, Buccinum 65, 96 

fragile, Pneophyllum 44, 79 

fragilis, Brisaster 74, 105 

fragilis, Harmothoe 54, 87 

fragilis, Lumbriconereis, see 

Scoletoma fragilis 

fragilis, Lumbrinereis, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

fragilis, Lumbrineris, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

fragilis, Lumbrineris, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

fragilis, Myriochele 39, 55, 87 

fragilis, Ophiothrix 74, 105 

fragilis, Philine, see Philine 

finmarchica 

fragilis, Rozinante 63, 94 

fragilis, Scoletoma 56, 89 

fraterna, Yoldiella, see Yoldiella nana 

frigida, Clavularia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

frigida, Portlandia, see Yoldiella 

frigida 

frigida, Yoldiella 69, 100 

Frigidoalvania cruenta 66, 96 

Frigidoalvania janmayeni 66, 96 

frigidus, Iophon 47, 81 

frigidus, Lycodes 76, 107 

Fritillaria borealis 75, 106 

Frondipora verrucosa 71, 102 

frondosa, Cucumaria 74, 106 

frondosus, Dendronotus 67, 99 

fruticosa, Dendrobaenia, see 

Dendrobeania fruticosa 

fruticosa, Dendrobeania 70, 102 

fruticosa, Eunephthya 50, 84 

fruticosa, Gersemia, see Eunephthya 

fruticosa 

fruticosa, Lafoea, see Lafoea dumosa 

fruticosa, Paraspongodes, see 

Eunephthya fruticosa 

fuciola, Elachista 43, 78 

122 

Fucodium nodosum, see Ascophyllum 

nodusum 

fucoides, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

Fucus ceranoides 43, 78 

Fucus disticus 43, 78 

Fucus evanescens 43, 78 

Fucus harveyanus, see Fucus 

ceranoides 

Fucus serratus 43, 78 

Fucus vesiculosus 43, 78 

fulvocincta, Halirages 61, 92 

fulvus, Leucon 60, 91 

Furcellaria lumbricalis 44, 79 

furcifer, Lophaster 73, 105 

furcifer, Solaster, see Lophaster 

furcifer 

fuscata, Lamprops, see Lamprops 

fuscatus 

fuscatus, Lamprops 60, 91 

fuscum, Monostroma, see Ulvaria 

obscura 

fuscus, Cerebratulus 51, 85 

fusiformis, Owenia 55, 88 

Fusus hirsutus, see Colus sabini 

Fusus pullus, see Colus latericeus 

fyllae, Raja 76, 107 

G 

Gadus aeglefinus, see Melanogrammus 

aeglefinus 

Gadus callarias, see Gadus morhua 

Gadus morhua 76, 107 

Gadus saida, see Boreogadus saida 

Gadus virens, see Pollachius virens 

Gaidius tenuispinus 58, 90 

gaimardi, Byblis 61, 92 

gaimardi, Eualus, see Eualus gaimardii 

gaimardi, Hippolyte, see Eualus 

gaimardii 

gaimardi, Spirontocaris, see Eualus 

gaimardii 

gaimardii, Eualus 64, 95 

Galathowenia oculata, see Myriochele 

oculata 

galba, Hyperia 61, 92 

gallicana, Hiatella, see Hiatella rugosa 

Gammaracanthus loricatus 61, 92 

Gammarellus homari 61, 92 

Gammarellus sabini (Leach), see 

Gammarellus homari 

Gammarus locusta 61, 92 

Gammarus marinus 61, 92 

Gammarus oceanicus 61, 92 

Gammarus setosus 61, 92 

Gammarus wilkitzkii 61, 92 

Ganesa petterseni, see Skenea peterseni 

Gasterosteus aculeatus 76, 107 

Gattyana amondseni 54, 87 

Gattyana cirrhosa 54, 87 

gaudichaud, Parathemisto, see 

Themisto compressa

gaudichaudi, Parathemisto, see 

Themisto compressa 

gaudichaudi, Sertularella 49, 84 

gaudichaudii, Parathemisto, see 


gelatinosa, Styela 75, 107 

gelatinosum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

gelida, Cladorhiza 46, 81 

Gelliodes plexa 46, 81 

Gellius angulatus 46, 81 

Gellius arcoferus, see Hemigellius 

arcoferus 

Gellius arcticus 46, 81 

Gellius porosus 46, 81 

Gellius varius 46, 81 

Gemellaria loricata, see Eucratea 

loricata 

gemmatus, Archienchytraeus 56, 89 

gemmulifera, Biemna 46, 81 

geniculata, Obelia 49, 83 

geniculata, Sertularella, see Obelia 

geniculata 

geniculata, Sertularia, see Obelia 


genitrix, Halichondria 46, 81 

Geodia barretti 46, 81 

georgii, Rhodophycema 44, 79 

Gersemia clavata, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Gersemia fruticosa, see Eunephthya 

fruticosa 

Gersemia glomerata 50, 84 

Gersemia mirabilis, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Gersemia rubiformis 50, 84 

Gersemia uvaeformis 50, 85 

Gersemiopsis arctica 51, 85 

gibbosa, Ancula 67, 98 

Gibbula cineraria 66, 96 

gigantea, Bela, see Oenopota gigantea 

gigantea, Bela, see Oenopota simplex 

gigantea, Eurycope, see Munnopsurus 

giganteus 

gigantea, Oenopota 66, 97 

gigantea, Sertularella, see Sertularella 

polyzonias 

giganteum, Myzostomum 55, 87 

giganteus, Munnopsurus 64, 95 

Gitana sarsi 61, 92 

Gitanopsis arctica 61, 92 

Gitanopsis inermis 61, 92 

glaber, Colus, see Colus gracilis 

glaber, Parapleustes, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

glaber, Pleusymtes 63, 94 

glaber, Sympleustes, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

glabra, Diastylis 59, 91 

glabra, Harmothoe 54, 87 

glabra, Marsenia 66, 97 

glabra, Neptunea, see Colus gracilis 

glabra, Paramphithoe, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

glabroides, Pleusymtes 63, 94 

glabrum, Aplidium 75, 106 

glaciale, Benthosema 76, 107 

glaciale, Buccinum 65, 96 

glaciale, Lithothamnion 44, 79 

glacialis, Amphoriscus 46, 81 

glacialis, Apherusa 61, 92 

glacialis, Arca, see Bathyarca glacialis 

glacialis, Arctogadus 76, 107 

glacialis, Bathyarca 23, 68, 99 

glacialis, Calanus 32, 58, 90 

glacialis, Corymorpha 48, 83 

glacialis, Cucumaria, see Ocnus 

glacialis 

glacialis, Cuspidaria 68, 99 

glacialis, Diaphana 67, 99 

glacialis, Elpidia 74, 106 

glacialis, Epizoanthus 50, 84 

glacialis, Erythrops 59, 91 

glacialis, Golfingia 52, 85 

glacialis, Heliometra 23, 73, 105 

glacialis, Hymenodora 64, 95 

glacialis, Lacuna, see Lacuna crassicor 

glacialis, Metopa 62, 93 

glacialis, Ocnus 74, 106 

glacialis, Onchidiopsis 66, 97 

glacialis, Onisimus 62, 93 

glacialis, Ophioscolex 74, 105 

glacialis, Pandora 69, 100 

glacialis, Proboloides, see Metopa 

glacialis 

glacialis, Pseudalibrotus, see Onisimus 

glacialis 

glacialis, Reniera 47, 82 

glacialis, Sideractis 51, 85 

glacialis, Solaster 73, 105 

glacialis, Trichobranchus 56, 89 

Glandulactis spetsbergensis 51, 85 

glaseri, Semicytherura 58, 90 

glaucopis, Rossia 68, 99 

glaucus, Diplocirrus 53, 86 

globifer, Apomatus, see Protula similis 

globifera, Harmothoe 54, 87 

globosa, Diaphana, see Diaphana 

minuta 

globosa, Haplospora 43, 78 

globosa, Paraspongodes 51, 85 

globularis, Rhizomolgula 75, 107 

globulus, Boreocingula 65, 96 

globulus, Cingula, see Boreocingula 

globulus 

globusus, Philomedes 58, 90 

glomerata, Capnella 50, 84 

glomerata, Conferva, see 

Spongomorpha arcta 

glomerata, Eunephtya, see Capnella 


glomerata, Gersemia 50, 84 

glomerata, Spirorbis, see Bushiella 

verruca 

glutinans, Eugyra 75, 106 

Glycera alba 54, 87 

123 

Glycera capitata 54, 87 

Glyphanostomum pallescens 54, 87 

Glyptonotus megalurus, see Saduria 

megalura 

Glyptonotus sabini, see Saduria sabini 

Gnathia elongata, see Caecognathia 


Gnathia hirsuta, see Caecognathia 

hirsuta 

Gnathia oxyurea 63, 94 

Gnathia robustus 63, 94 

goesi, Ampharete 53, 86 

goesi, Melphidippa 62, 93 

Goesia depressa 61, 92 

Golfingia glacialis 52, 85 

Golfingia margaritacea 52, 85 

Golfingia minuta, see Nephasoma 

minutum 

Gononema aecidioides 43, 78 

Gononema alarie 43, 78 

Gonothyraea loveni 49, 83 

Gonothyrea hyalina, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

goodsiri, Diastylis 59, 91 

goodsiri, Diastylis, see Diastylis 

goodsiri 

Gorgonocephalus agassizi, see 

Gorgonocephalus arcticus 

Gorgonocephalus arcticus 74, 105 

Gorgonocephalus eucnemis 74, 105 

Gorgonocephalus lamarcki 74, 105 

Gorgonocephalus malmgreni, see 

Gorgonocephalus eucnemis 

gouldi, Thyasira 69, 100 

gracile, Anoplostoma 52, 85 

gracile, Tessarodoma, see Tessaradoma 

boreale 

gracilima, Lafoea, see Lafoea dumosa 

gracilior, Rhodine 56, 89 

gracilipes, Nymphon 57, 89 

gracilis, Ampharete, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

gracilis, Anobothrus 53, 86 

gracilis, Anobothrus, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

gracilis, Clytia 48, 83 

gracilis, Colus 65, 96 

gracilis, Ephesia, see Sphaerodorum 

gracilis 

gracilis, Eudorella 60, 91 

gracilis, Leptognathia 60, 91 

gracilis, Levinsenia 54, 87 

gracilis, Paraonis, see Levinsenia 

gracilis 

gracilis, Parapleustes 62, 93 

gracilis, Pedicellina 52, 85 

gracilis, Praxilella, see Praxillella 

gracilis 

gracilis, Praxillella 56, 89 

gracilis, Proboscina 72, 103 

gracilis, Sosane, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

gracilis, Sphaerodorum 56, 89

gracilis, Tauberia, see Levinsenia 

gracilis 

gracilis, Tricellaria 72, 104 

graffi, Proclea 56, 89 

Grammaria abietina 49, 83 

Grammaria immersa 49, 83 

grandifolia, Alaria 43, 78 

grandimana, Protomedeia 63, 94 

grandis, Lafoea grandis 49, 83 

grandis, Mysideis, see Stilomysis 

grandis 

grandis, Stilomysis 59, 91 

Grantia arctica 46, 81 

Grantia capillosa 46, 81 

Grantia ciliata, see Scypha ciliata 

Grantia compressa 46, 81 

Grantia utriculus 46, 81 

granularis, Ceramaster 73, 105 

granulata, Brada, see Brada inhabilis 

granulata, Jugaria 54, 87 

granulata, Pectinaria 55, 88 

granulata, Stomatopora, see 


granulatus, Spirorbis, see Jugaria 

granulata 

granulosa, Brada 53, 86 

granulosa, Idotea 64, 94 

Grayella pyrula, see Crella pyrula 

greenlandica, Arctinula 68, 99 

greenlandicum, Epitonium 66, 96 

griffithsii, Molgula 75, 107 

grimaldi, Trichostemma 48, 82 

groenlandica, Anaitides, see 


groenlandica, Anaitides, see 


groenlandica, Arctinula, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

groenlandica, Asterias, see Leptasterias 

groenlandica 

groenlandica, Biemna 46, 81 

groenlandica, Chalina 46, 81 

groenlandica, Chitinopoma 53, 86 

groenlandica, Corymorpha 48, 83 

groenlandica, Leptasterias 73, 105 

groenlandica, Lunatia, see Polinices 

pallidus 

groenlandica, Neoamphitrite 55, 88 

groenlandica, Onchidiopsis, see 

Onchidiopsis glacialis 

groenlandica, Pachyegis 71, 103 

groenlandica, Phyllodoce 55, 88 

groenlandica, Porella 71, 103 

groenlandica, Scalaria, see Epitonium 

greenlandicum 

groenlandica, Volutomita 67, 98 

groenlandicum, Buccinum, see 

Buccinum cyaneum 

groenlandicum, Capsosiphon 45, 79 

groenlandicum, Cardium, see Serripes 

groenlandicus 

groenlandicum, Pseudamussium, see 

Arctinula greenlandica 

groenlandicus, Amphiporus 51, 85 

groenlandicus, Anaitides, see 


groenlandicus, Margarites non Gmelin, 

1791, see Margarites striatus 

groenlandicus, Palliolum, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

groenlandicus, Pecten, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

groenlandicus, Serripes 69, 100 

groenlandicus, Similipecten, see 


Gronella lobata 61, 92 

grossipes, Nymphon 57, 89 

grossularia, Dendrodoa 75, 106 

grossularia, Styela, see Dendrodoa 

grossularia 

grossularia, Styelopsis, see Dendrodoa 

grossularia 

grubei, Ampharete, see Ampharete 

acutifrons 

grumanti, Bythocaris 64, 95 

gryllus, Eurystenes, see Eurythenes 

gryllus 

gryllus, Eurythenes 61, 92 

guentheri, Calycidoris 67, 98 

gulosus, Tmetonyx 63, 94 

gunneri, Amphicteis 53, 86 

gunneri, Asterias, see Urasterias linckii 

gunneri, Ptilota 44, 79 

Gymnacanthus tricuspis 76, 107 

Gymnelus retrodorsalis 76, 107 

Gymnelus viridis 76, 107 

Gymnocanthus tricuspis, see 

Gymnacanthus tricuspis 

göesii, Erythrops, see Erythrops 

erythrophthalma 

H 

haeckeli, Lucernaria 50, 84 

haeckeli, Pantachogon 49, 83 

haeckli, Synoicum, see Synoicum 

pulmonaria 

haemisphaericum, Trichostemma 48, 

82 

Halcampa arctica 51, 85 

halecinum, Halecium 49, 83 

Halecium beanii 49, 83 

Halecium boreale, see Halecium beanii 

Halecium corrugatum 49, 83 

Halecium curvicaule 49, 83 

Halecium halecinum 49, 83 

Halecium irregulare 49, 83 

Halecium kuekenthali 49, 83 

Halecium labrosum 49, 83 

Halecium minutum 49, 83 

Halecium muricatum 49, 83 

Halecium ornatum 49, 83 

Halecium septentrionale 49, 83 

Halecium tenellum 49, 83 

Haliactis arctica 51, 85 

Halichondria fibrosa 46, 81 

124 

Halichondria genitrix 46, 81 

Halichondria heterorhaphis 46, 81 

Halichondria labiata 46, 81 

Halichondria panicea 46, 81 

Halichondria velamentosa 46, 81 

Haliclona cinerea 46, 81 

Haliclona laxa 46, 81 

Haliclona tromsoeica 46, 81 

Haliclona tubulosa 46, 81 

Haliclona urceolus 46, 81 

Haliclona ventilabrum 46, 81 

Haliclystus auricula 50, 84 

Haliclystus octoradiatus, see 

Haliclystus auricula 

Halicnemia verticillata 46, 81 

Halicornia compressa 49, 83 

Halicryptus spinulosus 52, 85 

Halirages elegans 61, 92 

Halirages fulvocincta 61, 92 

Halirages quadridentata 61, 92 

Haliragoides inermis 61, 92 

Halisarca dujardini 46, 81 

Halitholus yoldiaarcticae 49, 83 

hallandicum, Audouinella 44, 79 

Halocynthia arctica, see Boltenia 

echinata 

Halocynthia pyriformis 23, 75, 106 

Halopteris scoparia 43, 78 

Halosacciocolax kjellmanii 44, 79 

Halosaccion arcticum 44, 79 

Halosaccion ramentaceum, see 

Devaleraea ramentacea 

Halosiphon tomentosus 43, 78 

Halycriptus spinulosus, see Halicryptus 

spinulosus 

Halymenia ramentacea, see Devaleraea 

ramentacea 

Hamacantha implicans 46, 81 

hamata, Eukrohnia 73, 104 

hamatipes, Argissa 61, 92 

hamatum, Cytheropteron 57, 90 

hamatum, Scalpellum 59, 90 

hamatus, Icelus, see Icelus bicornis 

Hamingia arctica 52, 85 

hammeri, Balanus, see Chirona 

hammeri 

hammeri, Chirona 59, 90 

Hanleya hanleyi 65, 95 

hanleyi, Chiton, see Hanleya hanleyi 

hanleyi, Hanleya 65, 95 

hanseni, Neptunea, see Colus sabini 

hanssoni, Eulalia 54, 87 

Haploniscus bicuspis 63, 94 

Haploops laevis 61, 92 

Haploops robusta, see Haploops setosa 

Haploops setosa 61, 92 

Haploops tubicola 61, 92 

Haplopoma impressum 71, 102 

Haplops setosa, see Haploops setosa 

Haplosiphon tomentosum, see Chorda 

tomentosa 

Haplospora globosa 43, 78

harengus, Clupea 76, 107 

Harmeria scutulata 71, 102 

Harmothoe alba 54, 87 

Harmothoe aspera 54, 87 

Harmothoe borealis 54, 87 

Harmothoe fragilis 54, 87 

Harmothoe glabra 54, 87 

Harmothoe globifera 54, 87 

Harmothoe imbricata 54, 87 

Harmothoe longisetis, see Harmothoe 

glabra 

Harmothoe lunulata, see Malmgreniella 

lunulata 

Harmothoe nodosa 54, 87 

Harmothoe rarispina, see Lagisca 

rarispina 

Harmothoe sarsi, see Antinoella sarsi 

harmsworthi, Bugula 70, 101 

harmsworti, Hippodiplosia 71, 102 

harpa, Oenopota 66, 97 

Harpacticus chelifer 58, 90 

Harpinia abyssi 61, 92 

Harpinia mucronata 61, 92 

Harpinia plumosa 61, 92 

Harpinia propinqua 61, 92 

Harpinia serrata 61, 92 

hartmanni, Aricidea 53, 86 

hartzii, Ceratocolax 44, 79 

harveyanus, Fucus, see Fucus 

ceranoides 

hassallii, Celleporina 70, 101 

Hecatonema maculans, see 

Myriotrichia clavaeformis 

heeri, Myriochele 55, 87 

helgolandia, Ophelina 55, 88 

helicina, Limacina 67, 99 

helicina, Spiralia, see Limacina 

helicina 

helicina, Spiratella, see Limacina 

helicina 

helicina, Spirialis, see Limacina 

helicina 

helicinus, Margarites 23, 66, 96 

Heliometra eschrichtii, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

Heliometra glacialis 23, 73, 105 

helleri, Rhachotropis 63, 94 

helleri, Tritropis, see Rhachotropis 

helleri 

Hemiarthrus abdominalis 63, 94 

Hemicyclopora emucronata, see 

Hemicyclopora polita 

Hemicyclopora polita 71, 102 

Hemicythere costata 58, 90 

Hemicythere emarginata 58, 90 

Hemicytheura clathrata 58, 90 

Hemigellius arcoferus 46, 81 

Hemilamprops cristata, see 

Hemilamprops cristatus 

Hemilamprops cristatus 60, 91 

hemisphaerica, Clytia 48, 83 

Hemithiris psittacea 69, 101 

Henricia perforata 73, 105 

Henricia sanguinolenta 73, 105 

Henricia scabrior, see Henricia 

perforata 

herdmani, Molgula 75, 107 

hesseleyi, Baffinia, see Baffinia hesslei 

hesslei, Baffinia 53, 86 

hesslei, Terebella, see Baffinia hesslei 

Heterlaophonte stroemi 58, 90 

Heterocyprides sorbyana 58, 90 

heterofibrosa, Reniera 47, 82 

Heteromastus filiformis 54, 87 

heterorhaphis, Halichondria 46, 81 

heuglini, Weyprechtia 63, 94 

Hexadella dedritifera 46, 81 

Hiatella arctica 22, 23, 68, 100 

Hiatella gallicana, see Hiatella rugosa 

Hiatella rugosa 68, 100 

Hiatella striata, see Hiatella arctica 

hibernica, Abyssoninoe 53, 86 

hiemalis, Diaphana 67, 99 

Hildenbrandia rubra 44, 79 

hincksi, Pseudoflustra 72, 103 

hincksi, Rhamphostomella 72, 103 

hincksi, Stomachetosella 72, 104 

Hincksia ovata 43, 78 

hincksii, Campanularia 48, 82 

Hincksipora spinulifera 71, 102 

Hippasteria phrygiana 73, 105 

Hippodiplosia borealis 71, 102 

Hippodiplosia harmsworti 71, 102 

Hippodiplosia obesa 71, 102 

Hippodiplosia propinqua, see 

Smittoidea propinqua 

Hippodiplosia ussovi 71, 102 

Hippoglossoides platessoides 76, 107 

hippoglossoides, Reinhardtius 77, 107 

Hippoglossus hippoglossus 76, 107 

hippoglossus, Hippoglossus 76, 107 

Hippolyte gaimardi, see Eualus 

gaimardii 

Hippolyte polaris, see Lebbeus polaris 

Hippolyte pusiola, see Eualus pusiolus 

Hippolyte spinus, see Spirontocaris 

spinus 

hippolytes, Bopyroides 63, 94 

hippolytes, Sylon 59, 91 

Hippomedon holbolli 61, 92 

Hippomedon propinquus 61, 92 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicul, see 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicularis 

Hippoponella fascigatoavicularis 71, 

102 

Hippoponella hippopus, see Lepraliella 

hippopus 

Hippoporina reticulatopunctata 71, 102 

hippopus, Hippoponella, see 

Lepraliella hippopus 

hippopus, Lepralia, see Lepraliella 

hippopus 

hippopus, Lepraliella 71, 103 

Hippothoa divaricata 71, 102 

Hippothoa expansa 71, 102 

125 

Hippothoa expausa, see Hippothoa 

expansa 

Hippothoa hyalina, see Celleporella 

hyalina 

hippothoides, Arachnidium 70, 101 

hipuroides, Dictyosiphon, see 

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus 

hirsuta, Aeolis, see Cuthona nana 

hirsuta, Caecognathia 63, 94 

hirsuta, Eudorella 60, 91 

hirsuta, Gnathia, see Caecognathia 

hirsuta 

hirsutum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

hirsutus, Diplocirrus 53, 86 

hirsutus, Fusus, see Colus sabini 

hirsutus, Sipho, see Colus sabini 

hirticeps, Ilyarachna 64, 94 

hirtipes, Chaetonymphon 57, 89 

hirtipes, Nymphon spinosum f. 57, 90 

hirtum, Chaetonymphon 57, 89 

hirtum, Nymphon, see Chaetonymphon 

hirtum 

hispida, Disporella 70, 102 

hispida, Echinocucumis 74, 106 

hispida, Eurycyde 57, 89 

hispida, Lichenopora, see Disporella 

hispida 

hispidus, Korethraster 73, 105 

hoerringi, Tryphosa, see Tryphosella 

horingi 

holboelli, Colus 65, 96 

holbolli, Amphiura, see Amphiura 

sundevalli 

holbolli, Hippomedon 61, 92 

holbolli, Phoxocephalus 63, 93 

Holothuroidea 32, 38, 74, 106 

homari, Amathilla, see Gammarellus 

homari 

homari, Gammarellus 61, 92 

Homeodictya flabelliformis, see 

Isodictya flabelliformis 

horingi, Tryphosella 63, 94 

Hormathia digitata 51, 85 

Hormathia nodosa 23, 51, 85 

hormoides, Conferva, see Urospora 

pencilliformis 

Hornera lichenoides 71, 102 

horrida, Caprella, see Metacaprella 

horrida 

horrida, Metacaprella 62, 93 

hoskynsi, Cyclopecten, see 

Cyclopecten imbrifer 

howei, Baffinicythere 57, 90 

humilis, Campanulina, see Lafoeina 

tenuis 

humilis, Cuspidella, see Lafoeina 

tenuis 

humphreysianum, Buccinum 65, 96 

hutchinsiae, Cladophora 45, 79 

hyalina, Celleporella 70, 101 

hyalina, Diaphana, see Diaphana 

minuta 

hyalina, Drifa 50, 84

hyalina, Gonothyrea, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

hyalina, Hippothoa, see Celleporella 

hyalina 

hyalina, Laomedea, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

hyalina, Schizoporella, see Celleporella 

hyalina 

Hyalinoecia tubicola 54, 87 

hyalinum, Thyonidium, see 


hyalinus, Pseudosuberites 47, 82 

Hyas araneus 23, 64, 95 

Hyas coarctatus 23, 64 

Hybocodon prolifer 49, 83 

Hydractinia allmanii 49, 83 

Hydractinia carica 49, 83 

Hydractinia carnea, see Podocoryne 

carnea 

Hydractinia echinata 49, 83 

Hydractinia minuta, see Hydractinia 

carica 

Hydractinia monocarpa 49, 83 

Hydrallmania falcata 49, 83 

Hydrobia ulvae 66, 96 

Hydroides norvegica, see Hydroides 

norvegicus 

Hydroides norvegicus 54, 87 

hydrophanum, Buccinum 65, 96 

Hydrozoa 48, 82 

Hymedesmia derjugini 46, 81 

Hymedesmia dermata 46, 81 

Hymedesmia mammilaris 46, 81 

Hymedesmia rhodus 47, 81 

Hymedesmia truncata 47, 81 

Hymenacidon caruncula, see 


Hymenacidon fasciculata, see 

Hymeniacidon fasciculata 

Hymenacidon perlevis, see 


Hymenaster pellucidus 73, 105 

Hymeniacidon fasciculata 47, 81 

Hymeniacidon perlevis 47, 81 

Hymenodora glacialis 64, 95 

hyperborea, Asterias, see Leptasterias 

hyperborea 

hyperborea, Laminaria 43, 78 

hyperborea, Leptasterias 73, 105 

hyperborea, Lima, see Limatula 

hyperborea 

hyperborea, Limatula 68, 100 

hyperborea, Pectinaria 55, 88 

hyperborea, Polymastia mammilaris 

47, 82 

hyperborea, Raja 76, 107 

hyperborea, Yoldia 69, 100 

hyperboreus, Calanus 58, 90 

Hyperia galba 61, 92 

Hyperia medusarum 61, 92 

Hyperia spinigera 62, 92 

Hyperoche kroyeri 62, 92 

Hyperoche medusarum 62, 93 

hystrix, Arcturus 63, 94 

hystrix, Paramphithoe 62, 93 

I 

Icasterias panopla 73, 105 

Icelus bicornis 76, 107 

Icelus hamatus, see Icelus bicornis 

Idmidronea atlantica 71, 103 

Idmonea atlantica, see Idmidronea 

atlantica 

Idmonea bidenkapi 71, 103 

Idmonea fenestrata 71, 103 

Idmonea serpens, see Idmonea 

bidenkapi 

Idotea granulosa 64, 94 

Idotea neglecta 64, 94 

Idunella aequicornis 62, 93 

Ilyarachna bergendali 64, 94 

Ilyarachna hirticeps 64, 94 

Ilyarachna longicornis 64, 94 

Ilycrinus carpenteri, see Bathycrinus 

carpenteri 

imbricata, Bowerbankia 70, 101 

imbricata, Harmothoe 54, 87 

imbrifer, Cyclopecten 68, 99 

imbriferum, Pseudamussium, see 


immersa, Echarella, see Escharella 

immersa 

immersa, Escharella 71, 102 

immersa, Grammaria 49, 83 

imparidens, Crellomina 46, 81 

impatiens, Lumbrineris 54, 87 

implexa, Filograna 54, 87 

implexa, Ulothrix 45, 80 

implicans, Hamacantha 46, 81 

impressa, Bela, see Propebela impressa 

impressa, Microporella, see 

Haplopoma impressum 

impressa, Propebela 66, 97 

impressa, Reussina 72, 103 

impressum, Haplopoma 71, 102 

incerta, Schizoporella 72, 104 

inclusum, Chlorochytium, see 


incompta, Emplectonema 51, 85 

incrassata, Cellepora Smitt. , see 

Celleporina surcularis 

incrassata, Cellepora, see Celleporina 


incrassata, Celleporina 70, 101 

incrassata, Proboscina 72, 103 

incrassata, Stomatopora, see 

Proboscina incrassata 

incrustans, Crellomina 46, 81 

incrustans, Myxilla 47, 82 

incrustata, Brada 53, 86 

incrustatum, Synoicum 76, 107 

incurva, Acrosiphonia 45, 79 

indistincta, Lissodendoryx 47, 82 

indivisa, Tubularia 50, 84 

126 

inerme, Pleurogonium 64, 95 

inermis, Ephausia, see Thysanoessa 

inermis 

inermis, Gitanopsis 61, 92 

inermis, Haliragoides 61, 92 

inermis, Leptognathia 60, 91 

inermis, Praunus 59, 91 

inermis, Thysanoessa 64, 95 

infarcta, Branchiomma 53, 86 

infarcta, Dasychone, see Branchiomma 

infarcta 

inflata, Rhachotropis 63, 94 

inflatum, Acanthonotozoma 60, 91 

inflatum, Scalibregma 56, 89 

inflatus, Stegocephalus 63, 94 

inflatus, Vertumnus, see 

Acanthonotozoma inflatum 

infrequens, Tethyopsilla, see Tetilla 

infrequens 

infrequens, Tetilla 48, 82 

infundibuliformis, Chone 53, 86 

infundibulum, Bolina, see Bolinopsis 

infundibulum 

infundibulum, Bolinopsis 51, 85 

infundibulum, Lucernaria 50, 84 

infundibulum, Myxicola 55, 87 

inhabilis, Brada 53, 86 

inornata, Pholoe 55, 88 

insculpta, Limnaria, see Velutina 

insculpta 

insculpta, Velutina 67, 98 

insigne, Eudendrium 48, 83 

integra, Campanularia, see 

Orthophyxis integra 

integra, Dilsea 44, 79 

integra, Orthophyxis 49, 83 

intermedia, Campylapsis 59, 91 

intermedia, Portlandia, see Yoldiella 

intermedia 

intermedia, Yoldiella 69, 100 

intermedium, Chaetoderma 65, 95 

intestinalis, Ciona 75, 106 

intestinalis, Enteromorpha 45, 79 

intricaria, Reticulipora, see Diplosolen 

intricarius 

intricarius, Diplosolen 70, 102 

Iolella libbeyi 64, 94 

Iophon cilis 47, 81 

Iophon dubius 47, 81 

Iophon frigidus 47, 81 

Iophon piceus 47, 81 

Iotrochota dubia, see Iotrochota 

rotulancora 

Iotrochota rotulancora 47, 81 

irregulare, Halecium 49, 83 

irregulare, Phloeodictyon 47, 82 

irregularis, Feldmannia 43, 78 

irrorata, Unciola, see Unciola leucopis 

Ischnochiton albus 23, 65, 95 

Ischyrocerus anguipes 62, 93 

Ischyrocerus assimilis, see 

Ischyrocerus latipes 

Ischyrocerus brevicornis 62, 93

Ischyrocerus latipes 62, 93 

Ischyrocerus megacheir 62, 93 

Ischyrocerus megalops 62, 93 

Ischyrocerus spitzbergensis, see 

Ischyrocerus megacheir 

islandica, Amauropsis 65, 95 

islandica, Arctica 68, 99 

islandica, Chlamys 23, 31, 68, 99 

islandica, Cyprina, see Arctica 

islandica 

islandica, Neptunea, see Colus 

islandicus 

islandicus, Colus 65, 96 

islandicus, Sipho, see Colus islandicus 

Isodictya cf. palmata 47, 81 

Isodictya flabelliformis 47, 81 

Isopoda 63, 94 

Isops pallida, see Isops phlegraei 

Isops phlegraei 47, 81 

Isops pyriformis, see Isops phlegraei 

Isops sphaeroides, see Isops phlegraei 

Isozoanthus bulbosus 51, 85 

Isthmoplea spaerophora 43, 78 

J 

jacksoni, Escharoides 71, 102 

jacksoni, Parathalestris 58, 90 

Janira maculosa 64, 94 

Janira tricornis 64, 94 

janmayeni, Alvania, see Frigidoalvania 

janmayeni 

janmayeni, Anthosactis 50, 84 

janmayeni, Frigidoalvania 66, 96 

Jasmineira schaudinni 54, 87 

jeffreysi, Alvania 65, 95 

jeffreysi, Onoba, see Alvania jeffreysi 

jeffreysi, Paramphinoe, see 

Paramphinome jeffreysii 

jeffreysi, Pourtalesia 74, 105 

jeffreysi, Smittina 72, 104 

Jeffreysia nitida, see Liostomia 

eburnea 

jeffreysii, Ankyroderma, see Molpadia 

borealis 

jeffreysii, Paramphinome 55, 88 

johnstoni, Campanularia, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

johnstoni, Clytia, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

johnstonia, Pachymatisma 47, 82 

Jolanthe libbeyi, see Iolella libbeyi 

Jollella libbeyi, see Iolella libbeyi 

Jugaria granulata 54, 87 

Jugaria quadrangularis 54, 87 

Jugaria similis 54, 87 

K 

Kadosactis spitzbergensis 51, 85 

KAMPTOZOA 52, 85 

Katianira biloba 64, 94 

Katianira cornigera 64, 94 

Kelliella miliaris 68, 100 

Kelliella minuta, see Kelliella miliaris 

Kinetoskias arborescens 71, 103 

kjellmanii, Halosacciocolax 44, 79 

klugei, Amagopsis 53, 86 

kobelti, Bela, see Propebela impressa 

kolthoffi, Lycenchelys 39, 76, 107 

koreni, Arca, see Bathyarca 


koreni, Lagis, see Pectinaria koreni 

koreni, Pectinaria 55, 88 

Korethraster hispidus 73, 105 

Kornmannia leptoderma 45, 80 

Krithe producta 58, 90 

kroeyeri, Colus 66, 96 

kroeyeri, Laonome 54, 87 

kroeyeri, Monoculodes 62, 93 

kroeyeri, Parasipho, see Colus kroeyeri 

kroeyeri, Plicifusus, see Colus kroeyeri 

kroeyeri, Sipho, see Colus kroeyeri 

kroeyeri, Spiophanes, see Spiophanes 

kroyeri 

kroeyeri, Trichotropis 67, 98 

kroyeri, Hyperoche 62, 92 

kroyeri, Laonome, see Laonome 

kroeyeri 

kroyeri, Spiophanes 56, 89 

Krystallofanes polaris, see Stomphia 

polaris 

kuekenthali, Halecium 49, 83 

kukenthali, Dendrodoa, see Dendrodoa 

pulchella 

Kukenthalia borealis 75, 106 

kurriana, Cyrtodaria, see Cyrtodaria 

siliqua 

L 

labiata, Escharella 71, 102 

labiata, Halichondria 46, 81 

labiata, Lysippe 54, 87 

labiata, Mucronella, see Escharella 

labiata 

labiata, Phylactella, see Escharella 


labradoriensis, Oikopleura 75, 106 

labrosum, Halecium 49, 83 

lachesis var bicarinata, Neptunea, see 

Turrisipho lachesis 

lachesis, Colus, see Turrisipho lachesis 

lachesis, Sipho, see Turrisipho lachesis 

lachesis, Turrisipho 67, 98 

lacqueata, Mucronella, see Escharella 

laqueata 

lactea, Cucumaria, see Ocnus lacteus 

lactea, Turitella, see Tachyrhynchus 

reticulatus 

lacteum, Aplidium, see Aplidium 

pallidum 

lacteus, Dendronotus, see Dendronotus 

frondosus 

lacteus, Ocnus 74, 106 

127 

lactuca, Ulva, see Ulvaria obscura 

Lacuna crassicor 66, 96 

Lacuna divaricata, see Lacuna vincta 

Lacuna glacialis, see Lacuna crassicor 

Lacuna pallidula 66, 96 

Lacuna vincta 66, 96 

lacustris, Pleurocladia 43, 78 

Laeana aebranchiata, see Leaena 

ebranchiata 

laechis var bicarinata, Neptunea, see 

Turrisipho voeringi 

laetevirens, Cladophora 45, 79 

Laetmonice filicornis 54, 87 

laeve, Leptophytum 44, 79 

laevigata, Skenea 67, 98 

laevigata, Velutina, see Velutina 

velutina 

laevigatum, Cyclostrema, see Skenea 

laevigata 

laevigatus, Musculus 68, 100 

laevis, Cadlina 67, 98 

laevis, Cellepora, see Porella laevis 

laevis, Chiridota 74, 106 

laevis, Chirodota, see Chiridota laevis 

laevis, Chiton, see Tonicella rubra 

laevis, Haploops 61, 92 

laevis, Porella 71, 103 

laevis, Porelloides, see Porella laevis 

laeviusculus, Calliopius 61, 92 

Lafoea abietina, see Grammaria 

abietina 

Lafoea capillaris, see Lafoea dumosa 

Lafoea dumosa 49, 83 

Lafoea fruticosa, see Lafoea dumosa 

Lafoea gracilima, see Lafoea dumosa 

Lafoea grandis grandis 49, 83 

Lafoea pygmaea, see Calycella syringa 

Lafoea serpens, see Filellum serpens 

Lafoeina maxima 49, 83 

Lafoeina tenuis 49, 83 

Lagis koreni, see Pectinaria koreni 

Lagisca rarispina 54, 87 

Lagunogammarus wilkitzkii, see 

Gammarus wilkitzkii 

lamarcki, Gorgonocephalus 74, 105 

Laminaria agardii, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Laminaria caperata, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Laminaria dermatodea, see Saccorhiza 


Laminaria digitata 43, 78 

Laminaria esculenta, see Alaria 

esculenta 

Laminaria hyperborea 43, 78 

Laminaria longicruris, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Laminaria ophiura, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Laminaria phyllitis, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Laminaria saccharina 43, 78 

Laminaria solidungula 43, 78

laminariae, Dermatocelis 43, 78 

Laminariocolax tomentosoides 43, 78 

lampraetaeformis, Lumpenus 76, 107 

Lamprops fuscata, see Lamprops 

fuscatus 

Lamprops fuscatus 60, 91 

Lanassa nordenskioeldi 54, 87 

Lanassa venusta 54, 87 

landsborovis, Smittia, see Smittina 

landsborovis 

landsborovis, Smittina 72, 104 

Langerhansia cornuta 54, 87 

lanigera, Ciliatovelutina, see Velutina 

lanigera 

lanigera, Velutina 67, 98 

lanosa, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

lanosa, Spongomorpha, see 


Laomedea dichotoma, see Obelia 

dichotoma 

Laomedea hyalina, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

Laomedea longissima, see Obelia 

longissima 

Laomedea loveni, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

Laomedea plicata, see Obelia 

dichotoma 

Laonice cirrata 54, 87 

Laonice sarsi 54, 87 

Laonome kroeyeri 54, 87 

Laonome kroyeri, see Laonome 

kroeyeri 

Laphania boecki 54, 87 

lapillus, Nucella 66, 97 

lapillus, Thais, see Nucella lapillus 

laqueata, Escharella 71, 102 

Larvacea 75, 106 

larynx, Tubularia 50, 84 

lata, Callopora 70, 101 

latericeus, Colus 66, 96 

latericeus, Notomastus 55, 88 

latericeus, Sipho, see Colus latericeus 

latericus, Notomastus, see Notomastus 

latericeus 

laticoxae, Anonix, see Anonyx 

laticoxae 

laticoxae, Anonyx 61, 92 

latifolia, Punctaria 43, 78 

latimanus, Monoculodes 62, 93 

latimarginata, Elofsonella 58, 90 

latipalpis, Sphaerosyllis, see 

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus 

latipes, Aceroides 60, 92 

latipes, Ischyrocerus 62, 93 

latissima, Onchidiopsis 66, 97 

latissima, Ulva, see Ulva crassa 

latissimum, Cytheropteron 57, 90 

latomarginata, Diastopora 70, 102 

Latrunculia tricincta 47, 81 

laubieri, Melythasides 55, 87 

laurentii, Aeginopsis 50, 84 

lavalei, Lycodes 76, 107 

laxa, Dymella 48, 83 

laxa, Haliclona 46, 81 

laxa, Reniera, see Haliclona laxa 

laxa, Thuiaria, see Dymella laxa 

leachi, Botrylloides 75, 106 

Leaena ebranchiata 54, 87 

Lebbeus polaris 23, 64, 95 

Leda caudata, see Nuculana minuta 

Leda minuta, see Nuculana minuta 

Leda pernula, see Nuculana pernula 

Leieschara coarctata, see Myriapora 


Leieschara subgracile 71, 103 

Leiochone polaris, see Clymenura 

polaris 

Leionucula belottii, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

Leionucula tenuis, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

lens, Ulvella 45, 80 

lenticula, Portlandia, see Yoldiella 

lenticula 

lenticula, Yoldiella 69, 100 

Lepas anatifera 59, 90 

lepechini, Diastylis 59, 91 

Lepeta caeca 66, 96 

Lepidepecreella cymba 62, 93 

Lepidepecreum umbo 62, 93 

Lepidonotus squamatus 54, 87 

Lepidopleurus asellus, see Leptochiton 

asellus 

Lepralia elongatula 71, 103 

Lepralia hippopus, see Lepraliella 

hippopus 

Lepralia megastoma 71, 103 

Lepralia reticulata-punctata, see 

Hippoporina reticulatopunctata 

Lepralia sincera, see Cheilopora 

sincera 

Lepralia spathulifera, see Doryporella 

spathulifera 

Lepralia vitrea, see Lepraliella 

contigua 

Lepraliella contigua 71, 103 

Lepraliella hippopus 71, 103 

Lepralioides nordlandica 71, 103 

Leptagonus decagonus 76, 107 

leptalea, Onoba 66, 97 

Leptasterias groenlandica 73, 105 

Leptasterias hyperborea 73, 105 

Leptasterias muelleri 73, 105 

leptocheles, Nymphon 57, 89 

Leptochiton asellus 65, 95 

Leptoclinides faeroensis 75, 106 

Leptoclinum polare, see Didemnum 

albidum 

Leptoclinum roseum, see Didemnum 

albidum 

Leptoclinus maculatus 76, 107 

leptoderma, Kornmannia 45, 80 

Leptognathia breviremis 60, 91 

Leptognathia gracilis 60, 91 

Leptognathia inermis 60, 91 

128 

Leptognathia longiremis 60, 91 

Leptognathia sarsi, see Leptognathia 

gracilis 

Leptognathia ventralis 60, 91 

Leptonematella fasciculata 43, 78 

Leptophytum laeve 44, 79 

Leptostraca 32, 59, 91 

Leptostylis macrura 60, 91 

Leptostylis villosa 60, 91 

Leucariste albicans, see Polycirrus 

arcticus 

Leuckartiara abyssi 49, 83 

Leucon fulvus 60, 91 

Leucon nasica 60, 91 

Leucon nasicoides 60, 91 

Leucon nathorsti 60, 91 

Leucon pallidus 60, 91 

Leucon spinulosus 60, 91 

Leuconia egedii 47, 81 

leucopis, Bythocaris 64, 95 

leucopis, Unciola 63, 94 

Leucosolenia canariensis 47, 81 

Leucosolenia complicata 47, 81 

Leucosolenia coriacea, see Clathrina 

coriacea 

Leucosolenia variabilis 47, 81 

levinseni, Escharella 71, 102 

Levinsenia gracilis 54, 87 

levis, Thenea 48, 82 

libbeyi, Iolella 64, 94 

libbeyi, Jolanthe, see Iolella libbeyi 

libbeyi, Jollella, see Iolella libbeyi 

libbeyi, Tole, see Iolella libbeyi 

libellula, Euthemisto, see Themisto 

libellula 

libellula, Parathemisto, see Themisto 

libellula 

libellula, Themisto 63, 94 

libra, Polycarpa, see Polycarpa fibrosa 

lichenoides, Hornera 71, 102 

lichenoides, Mesophyllum 44, 79 

lichenoides, Stegohornera, see Hornera 

lichenoides 

Lichenopora crassiuscula 71, 103 

Lichenopora crassiuscula, see 


Lichenopora hispida, see Disporella 

hispida 

Lichenopora verrucaria 71, 103 

liefdefjordensis, Argilloecia 57, 90 

liliacea, Tubulipora 73, 104 

Liljeborgia fissicornis 62, 93 

lilljeborgi, Anonyx 61, 92 

lilljeborgi, Anonyx, see Anonyx 

lilljeborgi 

lilljeborgi, Philomedes 58, 90 

lilljeborgi, Pseudotanais 60, 91 

lilljeborgii, Nephasoma 52, 85 

Lima hyperborea, see Limatula 

hyperborea 

lima, Philine 68, 99 

Limacina helicina 67, 99 

Limacina limacina 67, 99

limacina, Clione 67, 98 

limacina, Limacina 67, 99 

limacina, Ophelia, see Ophelia borealis 

limacina, Spiralia, see Limacina 

limacina 

limacina, Spirialis, see Limacina 

limacina 

Limatula hyperborea 68, 100 

Limatula subauriculata 68, 100 

limbata, Stomachaetosella, see 

Stomachetosella limbata 

limbata, Stomachetosella 72, 104 

limicola, Palmenella 58, 90 

limnaeoides, Toledonia 68, 99 

Limnaria insculpta, see Velutina 

insculpta 

Limnaria undata, see Velutina undata 

lincki, Asterias, see Urasterias linckii 

linckii, Asterias, see Urasterias linckii 

linckii, Urasterias 73, 105 

lindstroemi, Ampharete 53, 86 

lineare, Alcyonidium, see Alcyonidium 

mamillatum 

linearis, Caprella 61, 92 

linearis, Schizomavella 72, 104 

linearis, Schizoporella, see 

Schizomavella linearis 

lineata, Callopora 70, 101 

lineata, Dendrodoa, see Dendrodoa 

aggregata 

lineata, Membranipora, see Callopora 

lineata 

lineatus, Liparis, see Liparis liparis 

lingua, Mycale 47, 82 

Liocyma fluctuosa 68, 100 

Liostomia eburnea 67, 99 

Liothyris arctica 69, 101 

Liparis fabricii 76, 107 

Liparis lineatus, see Liparis liparis 

Liparis liparis 76, 107 

Liparis montagui 76, 107 

liparis, Liparis 76, 107 

Liponema multicornis 51, 85 

Lissoclinum aureum 75, 106 

Lissodendoryx complicata 47, 82 

Lissodendoryx diversichela 47, 82 

Lissodendoryx indistincta 47, 82 

Lissodendoryx lundbecki 47, 82 

Lissodendoryx sophia 47, 82 

Lithodes maja 64, 95 

Lithophyllum crouanii 44, 79 

Lithophyllum fasciculatum 44, 79 

Lithothamnion glaciale 44, 79 

Lithothamnion tophiforme 44, 79 

litoralis, Ectocarpus, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

litoralis, Onisimus 62, 93 

littoralis, Paractius 55, 88 

littoralis, Pilayella 43, 78 

littoralis, Pseudalibrotus, see Onisimus 

litoralis 

littoralis, Pylaiella, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

littorea, Littorina 66, 96 

Littorina littorea 66, 96 

Littorina obtusata 66, 96 

Littorina saxatilis 66, 96 

livida, Distaplia 75, 106 

lloydi, Cerianthus 50, 84 

lloydii, Cerianthus, see Cerianthus 

lloydi 

lobata, Escharopsis 71, 102 

lobata, Gronella 61, 92 

lobata, Scione, see Axionice maculata 

lobatum, Siphonodentalium 69, 101 

locusta, Gammarus 61, 92 

lomentaria, Scytosiphon 44, 78 

lonchitis, Thuiaria, see Thuiaria 


longa, Eteone 54, 87 

longa, Metridia 58, 90 

longicaudata, Thysanoessa 64, 95 

longicornis, Aegina, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

longicornis, Aeginella, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

longicornis, Aeginina 60, 92 

longicornis, Arrhinopsis 61, 92 

longicornis, Astacilla 63, 94 

longicornis, Ilyarachna 64, 94 

longicornis, Monoculopsis 62, 93 

longicruris, Laminaria, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

longimanum, Nymphon 57, 89 

longipalpa, Macellicephala 54, 87 

longipinnis, Careproctus 76, 107 

longiremis, Acartia 58, 90 

longiremis, Leptognathia 60, 91 

longirostris, Monoculodes 62, 93 

longirostus, Monoculodes, see 

Monoculodes longirostris 

longisetis, Harmothoe, see Harmothoe 

glabra 

longisetosum, Pseudoscalibregma 56, 

89 

longisetosus, Diplocirrus 53, 86 

longissima, Laomedea, see Obelia 

longissima 

longissima, Obelia 49, 83 

longissima, Praxillura 56, 89 

longitarse, Nymphon 57, 89 

longitorse, Nymphon, see Nymphon 

longitarse 

longocirrata, Cossura 53, 86 

longosetosa, Diplocirrus, see 

Diplocirrus longisetosus 

Lophaster furcifer 73, 105 

Lophyrochiton albus, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

Lophyrus albys, see Ischnochiton albus 

Lora bicarinata, see Oenopota violacea 

Lora cancellata, see Oenopota 


Lora decussata, see Oenopota 


Lora exarata, see Oenopota exarata 

129 

Lora nobilis, see Propebela nobilis 

Lora pyramidalis, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

Lora simplex, see Oenopota simplex 

Lora tenuicostata, see Oenopota 

tenuicostata 

Lora turricula, see Oenopota turricula 

lorea, Phyllaria, see Saccorhiza 


loricata, Epimeria 61, 92 

loricata, Eucratea 71, 102 

loricata, Gemellaria, see Eucratea 

loricata 

loricatus, Gammaracanthus 61, 92 

Lovenella quadridentata, see 

Tetrapoma quadridentata 

loveni, Gonothyraea 49, 83 

loveni, Laomedea, see Gonothyraea 

loveni 

loveni, Maera 62, 93 

loveni, Melaenis 55, 87 

loveni, Rhodine 56, 89 

loveni, Styela, see Styela coriacea 

Loxosoma phascolosomata 52, 85 

Lucernaria haeckeli 50, 84 

Lucernaria infundibulum 50, 84 

Lucernaria quadricornis 50, 84 

Lucernaria walteri 50, 84 

lucernaria, Defrancia 70, 102 

lucernaria, Domopora, see Defrancia 

lucernaria 

lucernaria, Tubulipora, see Defrancia 

lucernaria 

lucida, Portlandia, see Yoldiella lucida 

lucida, Yoldiella 69, 100 

lucifera, Diastylis 59, 91 

luetkeni, Paraspongodes 51, 85 

luetkeni, Suberites 48, 82 

lumbricalis, Furcellaria 44, 79 

lumbricalis, Nicomache 55, 88 

Lumbricillus aegialites, see 

Lumbricillus pagenstecheri 

Lumbricillus pagenstecheri 57, 89 

Lumbriclymene minor 54, 87 

Lumbriconereis algida, see Augeneria 

algida 

Lumbriconereis fragilis, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbriconeris minuta, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbrinereis fragilis, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbrineris algida, see Augeneria 

algida 

Lumbrineris cf. fragilis, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbrineris fragilis, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbrineris impatiens 54, 87 

Lumbrineris minuta, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

Lumbrineris scopa, see Abyssoninoe 

hibernica 

Lumpenus lampraetaeformis 76, 107

Lumpenus maculatus, see Leptoclinus 

maculatus 

Lumpenus medius 76, 107 

Lunatia groenlandica, see Polinices 

pallidus 

Lunatia nana, see Polinices nanus 

Lunatia pallida, see Polinices pallidus 

Lunatia tenuistriata, see Polinices 

tenuistriatus 

lundbecki, Lissodendoryx 47, 82 

lundbecki, Plocamia 47, 82 

lunulata, Harmothoe, see 

Malmgreniella lunulata 

lunulata, Malmgreniella 55, 87 

lupus, Anarhichas 76, 107 

lupus, Andaniexis 60, 92 

lutea, Cythere 57, 90 

lutkeni, Ficulina, see Suberites luetkeni 

Lycenchelus muraena 76, 107 

Lycenchelys kolthoffi 39, 76, 107 

Lycodes eudipleurostictus 76, 107 

Lycodes frigidus 76, 107 

Lycodes lavalei 76, 107 

Lycodes pallidus 76, 107 

Lycodes reticulatus 76, 107 

Lycodes rossi 76, 107 

Lycodes seminudus 76, 107 

Lycodes squamiventer 76, 107 

Lycodonus flagellicauda 76, 107 

lycopodioides, Rhodomela 44, 79 

lynceus, Oediceros, see Paroediceros 

lynceus 

lynceus, Paroediceros 62, 93 

Lyonsia arenosa 68, 100 

Lyonsia norwegica 68, 100 

lyra, Paradoneis 55, 88 

lyra, Paraonides, see Paradoneis lyra 

lyra, Paraonis, see Paradoneis lyra 

Lysippe labiata 54, 87 

M 

Macandrevia cranium 69, 101 

macchesneyi, Cytheromorpha 57, 90 

Macellicephala longipalpa 54, 87 

Macellicephala violacea 55, 87 

Macellicephalia violacea, see 

Macellicephala violacea 

macera, Dulichiopsis 61, 92 

Machaeroplax albula, see Solariella 

obscura 

macleayanum, Chelyosoma 75, 106 

Macoma balthica 68, 100 

Macoma calcarea 68, 100 

Macoma moesta 68, 100 

Macoma torelli 68, 100 

macrocephala, Ampelisca 60, 92 

macrocheles, Pseudotanais 60, 91 

macrolaminata, Sarsicytheridea 58, 90 

macronyx, Chaetonymphon 57, 89 

macropus, Rhachotropis 63, 94 

Macrourus berglax 76, 107 

macrura, Leptostylis 60, 91 

maculans, Hecatonema, see 

Myriotrichia clavaeformis 

maculata, Anaitides, see Phyllodoce 

maculata 

maculata, Axionice 53, 86 

maculata, Phyllodoce 55, 88 

maculata, Pista, see Axionice maculata 

maculatus, Leptoclinus 76, 107 

maculatus, Lumpenus, see Leptoclinus 

maculatus 

maculiforme, Petroderma 43, 78 

maculosa, Janira 64, 94 

Maera loveni 62, 93 

Maera prionochira 62, 93 

magna, Cylichna 67, 99 

magnidentata, Scoletoma 56, 89 

magniporata, Stomachaetosella, see 

Stomachetosella magniporata 

magniporata, Stomachetosella 72, 104 

maja, Lithodes 64, 95 

major, Barentsia 52, 85 

makeoeyanensis, Sclerochilus 58, 90 

Maldane sarsi 55, 87 

malleolata, Cordylochele 57, 89 

Mallotus villosus 77, 107 

malmgreni, Acanthostepheia 60, 92 

malmgreni, Aglaophamus 53, 86 

malmgreni, Gorgonocephalus, see 

Gorgonocephalus eucnemis 

malmgreni, Proclea 56, 89 

Malmgreniella arenicolae 55, 87 

Malmgreniella lunulata 55, 87 

maltzani, Buccinum 65, 96 

maltzani, Montacuta 68, 100 

mamillatum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

mammilaris, Hymedesmia 46, 81 

mammilaris, Polymastia 47, 82 

manhattensis, Molgula 75, 107 

manudens, Amphilochus 60, 92 

Marenzelleria wireni 55, 87 

margaritacea, Golfingia 52, 85 

margaritaceum, Phascolosoma, see 

Golfingia margaritacea 

Margarites argentatus, see Margarites 

olivaceus 

Margarites cinerea, see Margarites 

costalis 

Margarites cinereus (Couthouy, 1839), 

see Margarites costalis 

Margarites cinereus, see Margarites 

costalis 

Margarites costalis 66, 96 

Margarites groenlandicus non Gmelin, 

1791, see Margarites striatus 

Margarites helicinus 23, 66, 96 

Margarites olivaceus 66, 97 

Margarites striatus 23, 66, 97 

Margarites umbilicalis 66, 97 

Margarites vahlii 66, 97 

marginata, Blindingia 45, 79 

marginatus, Cerebratulus 51, 85 

marina, Arenicola 53, 86 

130 

Marinogammarus marinus, see 

Gammarus marinus 

marinus, Ammodytes 76, 107 

marinus, Gammarus 61, 92 

marinus, Marinogammarus, see 

Gammarus marinus 

marinus, Sebastes 77, 107 

marmorea, Tonicella 23, 65, 95 

Marsenia glabra 66, 97 

martinensis, Spio 56, 89 

Mastocarpus stellatus 44, 79 

maxima, Lafoeina 49, 83 

mediterranea, Chaetomorpha 45, 79 

mediterranus, Climacosorus 43, 78 

medius, Anisarchus 76, 107 

medius, Lumpenus 76, 107 

medius, Pleustes, see Pleustomesus 

medius 

medius, Pleustomesus 63, 93 

medusa, Polycirrus 56, 88 

medusa, Polycirrus, see Polycirrus 

medusa 

medusarum, Hyperia 61, 92 

medusarum, Hyperoche 62, 93 

megacheir, Ischyrocerus 62, 93 

megacheir, Podoceros, see 


megalops, Apherusa, see Apherusa 

sarsii 

megalops, Apherusa, see Apherusa 

sarsii 

megalops, Ericthonius 61, 92 

megalops, Ischyrocerus 62, 93 

megalops, Nymphon 57, 90 

megalura, Saduria 64, 95 

megalurus, Glyptonotus, see Saduria 

megalura 

Meganyctiphanes norvegica 38, 64, 95 

megastoma, Lepralia 71, 103 

megastoma, Mucronella 71, 103 

Meiodiscus spetsbergensis 44, 79 

Melaenis loveni 55, 87 

melagonium, Chaetomorpha 45, 79 

Melanogrammus aeglefinus 77, 107 

Melinna cristata 55, 87 

Melinna elisabethae, see Melinna 


Melita dentata 62, 93 

Melita formosa 62, 93 

Melita pallida 62, 93 

Melita quadrispinosa 62, 93 

Melonanchora emphysema 47, 82 

Melphidippa borealis 62, 93 

Melphidippa goesi 62, 93 

Melythasides laubieri 55, 87 

membranacea, Alaria, see Alaria 

esculenta 

membranacea, Audouinella 44, 79 

membranaceotruncata, Chartella 70, 

101 

membranaceotruncata, Flustra, see 

Chartella membranaceotruncata

membranaceo-truncata, Terminoflustra, 

see Chartella 

membranaceotruncata 

Membraniopora aurita, see 

Amphiblestrum auritum 

Membraniopora unicornis, see Tegella 

unicornis 

Membranipora arctica, see Tegella 

arctica 

Membranipora catenularia, see 

Pyripora catenularia 

Membranipora craticula, see Callopora 

craticula 

Membranipora cymbaeformis, see 

Cauloramphus cymbaeformis 

Membranipora discreta, see Callopora 

smitti 

Membranipora flemingi, see 

Amphiblestrum flemingii 

Membranipora lineata, see Callopora 

lineata 

Membranipora pilosa, see Electra 

pilosa 

Membranipora spitsbergensis, see 

Tegella spitsbergensis 

Membranipora trifolium, see 


Membranipora unicornis, see Tegella 

unicornis 

Membranoptera alata 44, 79 

Menestho albula 67, 99 

Menestho normani, see Ondina 

normani 

Menestho truncatula 67, 99 

Menigrates obtusifrons 62, 93 

Menipea duplex, see Notoplites smitti 

Menipea smitti, see Notoplites smitti 

mentella, Sebastes 77, 107 

Mertensia ovum 51, 85 

mertensii, Staurostoma 49, 84 

Mesidotea sabini, see Saduria sabini 

Mesophyllum lichenoides 44, 79 

mesotriaena, Sidonops 47, 82 

Metacaprella horrida 62, 93 

Meterythrops robusta 59, 91 

Metopa aequicornis 62, 93 

Metopa alderi 62, 93 

Metopa bruzelii 62, 93 

Metopa cf. alderi, see Metopa alderi 

Metopa glacialis 62, 93 

Metopa sinuata 62, 93 

Metopa spectabilis, see Metopa alderi 

Metopa spitzbergensis 62, 93 

Metridia longa 58, 90 

Metschnikowia spinispiculum 47, 82 

Michtheimysis mixta 59, 91 

microcephalus, Somniosus 77, 107 

micrococca, Enteromorpha, see 


Micromesistis poutassou 77, 107 

micromora, Botrytella 43, 78 

micromorus, Sorocarpus 44, 78 

micropoma, Buccinum 65, 96 

Microporella ciliata 71, 103 

Microporella impressa, see Haplopoma 

impressum 

Microporina arcticulata 71, 103 

microps, Cottunculus 76, 107 

microrhyncum, Nymphon 57, 90 

microscopicum, Acrochaetium 44, 79 

Microsetella atlantica 58, 90 

Microspio arctica, see Spio martinensis 

Microspio wireni, see Marenzelleria 

wireni 

microstoma, Escharella, see Escharella 

levinseni 

microtuberculata, Caprella 61, 92 

Micrura purpurea 51, 85 

mighelsi, Onoba 66, 97 

miliaris, Kelliella 68, 100 

militaris, Pteraster 73, 105 

miniata, Diploderma, see Porphyra 

miniata 

miniata, Porphyra 44, 79 

minima, Blindingia 45, 79 

minima, Enteromorpha, see Blindingia 

minima 

minor, Anarhichas 76, 107 

minor, Lumbriclymene 54, 87 

minor, Nicomache 55, 88 

minor, Scrupocellaria 72, 104 

minuscula, Smittina 72, 104 

Minuspio cf. cirrifera, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

Minuspio cirrifera, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

minuta, Cucumaria, see Cucumaria 

frondosa 

minuta, Diaphana 67, 99 

minuta, Golfingia, see Nephasoma 

minutum 

minuta, Hydractinia, see Hydractinia 

carica 

minuta, Kelliella, see Kelliella miliaris 

minuta, Leda, see Nuculana minuta 

minuta, Lumbriconeris, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

minuta, Lumbrineris, see Scoletoma 

fragilis 

minuta, Munna 64, 94 

minuta, Nuculana 69, 100 

minuta, Orchomenella 62, 93 

minuta, Paraninoe 55, 88 

minuta, Phloe, see Pholoe inornata 

minuta, Pholoe, see Pholoe inornata 

minuta, Porella 71, 103 

minuta, Sphaerodoropsis 56, 89 

minuta, Turtonia 69, 100 

minuticornis, Ampelisca, see Byblis 

minuticornis 

minuticornis, Byblis 61, 92 

minutum, Halecium 49, 83 

minutum, Nephasoma 52, 85 

minutum, Phascolosoma, see 

Nephasoma minutum 

minutum, Sphaerodoridium, see 

Sphaerodoropsis minuta 

131 

minutus, Orchomene, see 

Orchomenella minuta 

mirabilis, Echinocythereis 58, 90 

mirabilis, Gersemia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

mirabilis, Selaginopsis, see Sertularia 

mirabilis 

mirabilis, Sertularia 49, 84 

mirabilis, Voeringia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

mixta, Michtheimysis 59, 91 

mixta, Mysis, see Michtheimysis mixta 

mixtum, Nymphon 57, 90 

Modeeria rotunda 49, 83 

Modiolaria discors, see Musculus 

discors 

Modiolaria niger, see Musculus niger 

Modiolarias corrugata, see Musculus 

corrugatus 

moelleri, Rossia 68, 99 

Moelleria costulata 66, 97 

moerchi, Alvania 65, 95 

moerchi, Cingula, see Alvania moerchi 

moesta, Macoma 68, 100 

mohni, Mohnia 66, 97 

Mohnia danielsseni 66, 97 

Mohnia mohni 66, 97 

Molgula citrina 75, 106 

Molgula complanata 75, 107 

Molgula crystallina, see Molgula 

griffithsii 

Molgula griffithsii 75, 107 

Molgula herdmani 75, 107 

Molgula manhattensis 75, 107 

Molgula retortiformis 75, 107 

Molgula romeri 75, 107 

Molgula septentrionalis, see Molgula 

siphonalis 

Molgula siphonalis 75, 107 

Molgula tenax, see Molgula 

complanata 

mollicula, Siphonochalina 47, 82 

mollispina, Cnemidocarpa 75, 106 

MOLLUSCA 65, 67, 68, 69, 95 

Molpadia borealis 74, 106 

monachanthus, Dyopedos 61, 92 

monilicornis, Eusyllis 54, 87 

Monobrachium parasitum 49, 83 

Monobranchia parasiticum, see 

Monobrachium parasitum 

monocarpa, Hydractinia 49, 83 

Monoculodes borealis 62, 93 

Monoculodes cf. packardi, see 

Monoculodes packardi 

Monoculodes falcatus, see 


Monoculodes kroeyeri 62, 93 

Monoculodes latimanus 62, 93 

Monoculodes longirostris 62, 93 

Monoculodes longirostus, see 

Monoculodes longirostris 

Monoculodes norvegicus 62, 93 

Monoculodes packardi 62, 93

Monoculodes schneideri 62, 93 

Monoculodes subnudus 62, 93 

Monoculodes subnutus, see 


Monoculodes tesselatus 62, 93 

Monoculodes tessellatus, see 

Monoculodes tesselatus 

Monoculodes tuberculatus 62, 93 

Monoculopsis longicornis 62, 93 

monocuspis, Parapleustes, see 


Monostroma blyttii, see Ulvaria 

obscura 

Monostroma fuscum, see Ulvaria 

obscura 

Monostroma obscurum 45, 80 

monstrosa, Neohela 62, 93 

Montacuta dawsoni, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

Montacuta maltzani 68, 100 

Montacuta spitzbergensis 68, 100 

montagui, Astarte, see Tridonta 

montagui 

montagui, Liparis 76, 107 

montagui, Nicania, see Tridonta 

montagui 

montagui, Tridonta 69, 100 

montiniger, Pseudosuberites, see 

Suberites montiniger 

montiniger, Suberites 48, 82 

morhua, Gadus 76, 107 

mucosa, Anaitides, see Phyllodoce 

mucosa 

mucosa, Phyllodoce 56, 88 

mucronata, Harpinia 61, 92 

Mucronella abyssicola, see Escharella 

abyssicola 

Mucronella coccinea, see Escharoides 

coccinea 

Mucronella cruentata 71, 103 

Mucronella labiata, see Escharella 


Mucronella lacqueata, see Escharella 

laqueata 

Mucronella megastoma 71, 103 

Mucronella pavonella, see Arctonula 

arctica 

Mucronella peachi, see Escharella 

immersa 

Mucronella sincera, see Cheilopora 

sincera 

Mucronella ventricosa, see Escharella 

ventricosa 

muelleri, Asterias, see Leptasterias 

muelleri 

muelleri, Leptasterias 73, 105 

Muellerina abyssicola 58, 90 

multicirrata, Tiaropsis 50, 84 

multicornis, Liponema 51, 85 

multiflora, Duva, see Capnella florida 

multipes, Diplopteraster 73, 105 

multiplicatus, Pachycerianthus 51, 85 

Munna coeca 64, 94 

Munna fabricii 64, 94 

Munna minuta 64, 94 

Munna roemeri 64, 94 

Munna spitzbergensis 64, 94 

Munnopsis typica 64, 94 

Munnopsurus giganteus 64, 95 

muraena, Lycenchelus 76, 107 

muricatum, Halecium 49, 83 

murmanicum, Nereilinum 57, 89 

murrayana var. quadridentata, 

Dendrobaenia, see Dendrobeania 

murrayana var. quadridentata 

murrayana, Bugula, see Dendrobeania 

murrayana 

murrayana, Dendrobaenia, see 

Dendrobeania murrayana 

murrayana, Dendrobeania 70, 102 

murrayi, Triglops 77, 108 

Musculus cf. niger, see Musculus niger 

Musculus corrugatus 68, 100 

Musculus discors 68, 100 

Musculus laevigatus 68, 100 

Musculus niger 68, 100 

Musculus substriatus, see Musculus 

discors 

mutabile, Aplidium 75, 106 

Mya arenaria 68, 100 

Mya truncata 23, 24, 68, 100 

Mycale lingua 47, 82 

Mycale ovulum 47, 82 

Mycale placoides 47, 82 

myopsis, Thracia 69, 100 

Myoxocephalus scorpius 77, 107 

Myriapora coarctata 71, 103 

Myriapora coarctatum, see Myriapora 


Myriapora subgracilis 71, 103 

Myriochele danielsseni 55, 87 

Myriochele fragilis 39, 55, 87 

Myriochele heeri 55, 87 

Myriochele oculata 55, 87 

Myrionema corunnae 43, 78 

Myrionema strangulans 43, 78 

Myriotrichia clavaeformis 43, 78 

Myriotrochus euriciclus, see 

Myriotrochus eurycyclus 

Myriotrochus eurycyclus 74, 106 

Myriotrochus rinkii 74, 106 

Myriotrochus vitreus 74, 106 

Myriozoella costata 71, 103 

Myriozoella crustacea 71, 103 

Myriozoon coarctatum, see Myriapora 


Myriozoum coarctatum, see Myriapora 


Myriozoum crustaceum, see 

Schizoporella crustacea 

Myriozoum subgracile, see Leieschara 

subgracile 

Mysella dawsoni, see Altenaeum 

dawsoni 

Mysidacea 59, 91 

Mysideis grandis, see Stilomysis 

grandis 

132 

mysidis, Dajus 63, 94 

Mysis mixta, see Michtheimysis mixta 

Mysis oculata 59, 91 

Mysis relicta 59, 91 

Mysta barbata, see Eteone barbata 

Mystides borealis, see Mystides caeca 

Mystides caeca 55, 87 

mytili, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

Mytilus edulis 69, 100 

Myxicola infundibulum 55, 87 

Myxilla brunnea 47, 82 

Myxilla fimbriata 47, 82 

Myxilla flabelliformis 47, 82 

Myxilla incrustans 47, 82 

Myxilla perspinosa 47, 82 

Myxilla rosacea 47, 82 

Myzostomum giganteum 55, 87 

N 

Naidonereis quadricuspida, see 

Naineris quadricuspida 

Naineris quadricuspida 55, 88 

nana, Chlamys 68, 99 

nana, Cuthona 67, 99 

nana, Lunatia, see Polinices nanus 

nana, Natica, see Polinices nanus 

nana, Yoldiella 69, 100 

Nanaster albulus, see Stephanasterias 

albula 

Nannoniscus aequiremis 64, 95 

Nannoniscus spinicornis 64, 95 

nanseni, Onisimus 62, 93 

nanseni, Pseudalibrotus, see Onisimus 

nanseni 

nanus, Polinices 66, 97 

nanus, Pseudopolynices, see Polinices 

nanus 

nasica, Leucon 60, 91 

nasicoides, Leucon 60, 91 

nathorsti, Leucon 60, 91 

nathorsti, Nematostella 51, 85 

Natica affinis, see Cryptonatica affinis 

Natica clausa, see Cryptonatica affinis 

Natica nana, see Polinices nanus 

Natica pallida, see Polinices pallidus 

Nebalia bipes 59, 91 

neglecta, Idotea 64, 94 

neglecta, Potamilla 56, 89 

neglecta, Samythella 56, 89 

neglectus, Callocolax 44, 79 

NEMATODA 52, 85 

Nematostella nathorsti 51, 85 

Nematostella polaris 51, 85 

Nemertesia antennina 49, 83 

NEMERTINI 51, 85 

Nemertopsella actinophila 51, 85 

Nemertopsis actinophila, see 

Nemertopsella actinophila 

Nemidia torelli 55, 88 

Neoamphitrite affinis 55, 88

Neoamphitrite groenlandica 55, 88 

Neocrania anomala 69, 101 

Neohela monstrosa 62, 93 

Neopleustes bicuspis, see Parapleustes 

bicuspis 

Neopleustes pulchellus 62, 93 

Neopotilla amoena 66, 97 

Nephasoma eremita 52, 85 

Nephasoma lilljeborgii 52, 85 

Nephasoma minutum 52, 85 

Nephthya flavescens 51, 85 

Nephthya polaris, see Paraspongodes 

luetkeni 

Nephthya rosea, see Capnella 


Nephtys ciliata 55, 88 

Nephtys paradoxa 55, 88 

Nephtys pente 55, 88 

Neptunea antigua, see Neptunea 

antiqua 

Neptunea antiqua 66, 97 

Neptunea denselirata, see Neptunea 

despecta 

Neptunea despecta 66, 97 

Neptunea glabra, see Colus gracilis 

Neptunea hanseni, see Colus sabini 

Neptunea islandica, see Colus 

islandicus 

Neptunea lachesis var bicarinata, see 

Turrisipho lachesis 

Neptunea laechis var bicarinata, see 

Turrisipho voeringi 

Neptunea tortuosa, see Colus holboelli 

Neptunea ventricosa 66, 97 

Nereilinum murmanicum 57, 89 

Nereimyra aphroditoides 55, 88 

Nereimyra arctica 55, 88 

Nereimyra punctata 55, 88 

Nereis pelagica 55, 88 

Nereis tubicola, see Hyalinoecia 

tubicola 

Nereis zonata 55, 88 

nesidensis, Eupolymnia 54, 87 

Nicania banksii, see Tridonta montagui 

Nicania montagui, see Tridonta 

montagui 

Nicippe tumida 62, 93 

Nicolea arctica, see Nicolea zostericola 

Nicolea venustula 55, 88 

Nicolea zostericola 55, 88 

Nicomache lumbricalis 55, 88 

Nicomache minor 55, 88 

Nicomache quadrispinata 55, 88 

niger, Modiolaria, see Musculus niger 

niger, Musculus 68, 100 

niger, Musculus, see Musculus niger 

nigra, Ophiocomina 74, 105 

nigra, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

nigrans, Callopora, see Tegella nigrans 

nigrans, Tegella 72, 104 

nigrescens, Semicytherura 58, 90 

nigripes, Ascomyzon, see 

Dermatomyzon nigripes 

nigripes, Dermatomyzon 58, 90 

Nipponnemertes pulcher 51, 85 

nitida, Jeffreysia, see Liostomia 

eburnea 

nitidilum, Chaetoderma 65, 95 

nitidulum, Chaetoderma, see 

Chaetoderma nitidilum 

nivale, Buccinum 65, 96 

noachina, Puncturella 66, 98 

nobilis, Boreomysis 59, 91 

nobilis, Lora, see Propebela nobilis 

nobilis, Oenopota, see Propebela 

nobilis 

nobilis, Propebela 66, 97 

nodosa, Chondractina, see Hormathia 

nodosa 

nodosa, Diastylis, see Diastylis 

spinulosa 

nodosa, Eunoe 54, 87 

nodosa, Harmothoe 54, 87 

nodosa, Hormathia 23, 51, 85 

nodosa, Ophiura 74, 105 

nodosa, Ozothallia, see Ascophyllum 

nodusum 

nodosa, Stegophiura 74, 105 

nodosoalatum, Cytheropteron 58, 90 

nodosum, Cytheropteron 58, 90 

nodosum, Fucodium, see Ascophyllum 

nodusum 

nodulosa, Cellepora, see 


nodulosa, Celleporina, see 


nodulosa, Synidothea 64, 95 

nodulosa, Turbicellepora 73, 104 

nodulosum, Ceramium 44, 79 

nodusum, Ascophyllum 43, 78 

Nolella dilitata 71, 103 

nordenskioeldi, Lanassa 54, 87 

nordenskjoeldi, Organidus 51, 85 

nordenskjoeldi, Organidus, see 

Gersemia rubiformis 

nordlandica, Lepralioides 71, 103 

normani, Menestho, see Ondina 

normani 

normani, Ondina 67, 99 

normani, Toledonia, see Ondina 

normani 

norvegica, Calathura, see Calathura 


norvegica, Euchaeta, see Pareuchaeta 

norvegica 

norvegica, Eunice 54, 87 

norvegica, Hydroides, see Hydroides 

norvegicus 

norvegica, Meganyctiphanes 38, 64, 95 

norvegica, Pareuchaeta 58, 90 

norvegica, Polythoa, see Epizoanthus 

norvegicus 

norvegica, Volutopsis, see Volutopsius 

norwegicus 

norvegicus, Epizoanthus 50, 84 

norvegicus, Hydroides 54, 87 

norvegicus, Monoculodes 62, 93 

133 

norvegicus, Polycirrus 56, 88 

norvegicus, Pontophilus 64, 95 

norwegica, Lyonsia 68, 100 

norwegicus, Volutopsis, see 

Volutopsius norwegicus 

norwegicus, Volutopsius 67, 98 

Nothria britannica, see Nothria 

conchylega 

Nothria conchylega 55, 88 

Notomastus latericeus 55, 88 

Notomastus latericus, see Notomastus 

latericeus 

Notoplites smitti 71, 103 

Notoproctus oculatus 55, 88 

Notoproctus oculatus var. arctica 55, 

88 

Nototropis smitti, see Atylus smitti 

Nucella lapillus 66, 97 

Nucula delphinodonta, see Nuculoma 


Nucula tenuis, see Nuculoma tenuis 

Nuculana minuta 69, 100 

Nuculana pernula 69, 100 

Nuculoma belottii, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

Nuculoma corticata 69, 100 

Nuculoma tenuis 69, 100 

nudum, Clava 48, 83 

nudum, Rhizogeton, see Clava nudum 

nugax, Anonyx 61, 92 

nutans, Corymorpha 48, 83 

nybelini, Triglops 77, 108 

nymphocola, Scalpellum 59, 90 

Nymphon (Boreonymphon) robustum, 

see Boreonymphon robustum 

Nymphon brevitarse, see Nymphon 

grossipes 

Nymphon elegans 57, 89 

Nymphon gracilipes 57, 89 

Nymphon grossipes 57, 89 

Nymphon hirtum, see Chaetonymphon 

hirtum 

Nymphon leptocheles 57, 89 

Nymphon longimanum 57, 89 

Nymphon longitarse 57, 89 

Nymphon longitorse, see Nymphon 

longitarse 

Nymphon megalops 57, 90 

Nymphon microrhyncum 57, 90 

Nymphon mixtum 57, 90 

Nymphon robustum, see 

Boreonymphon robustum 

Nymphon serratum 57, 90 

Nymphon sluiteri 57, 90 

Nymphon spinosum f. hirtipes 57, 90 

Nymphon stroemi 57, 90 

O 

Obelia dichotoma 49, 83 

Obelia geniculata 49, 83 

Obelia longissima 49, 83

obelia, Diastopora, see Diplosolen 

obelia 

obelia, Diplosolen 70, 102 

obesa, Cuspidaria 68, 99 

obesa, Hippodiplosia 71, 102 

obesa, Parerythrops 59, 91 

obesa, Porella 71, 103 

obliqua, Ascidia 75, 106 

obliqua, Bela, see Oenopota obliqua 

obliqua, Oenopota 66, 97 

obliqua, Onoba 66, 97 

obliqua, Toichopoma 50, 84 

obliquum, Toichopoma, see 

Toichopoma obliqua 

obscura, Solariella 67, 98 

obscura, Ulvaria 45, 80 

obscurum, Monostroma 45, 80 

obscurus, Pteraster 73, 105 

obsoleta, Selaginopsis, see Thuiaria 

obsoleta 

obsoleta, Thuiaria 50, 84 

obtusa, Retusa 68, 99 

obtusata, Littorina 66, 96 

obtusifrons, Bathymedon 61, 92 

obtusifrons, Menigrates 62, 93 

obvelata, Cadlina, see Cadlina laevis 

occulta, Cylichna 67, 99 

oceanicus, Gammarus 61, 92 

Ocnus glacialis 74, 106 

Ocnus lacteus 74, 106 

ocraceus, Ectocarpus, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

octocirrata, Sabellides 56, 89 

Octopus arcticus, see Bathypolypus 

arcticus 

Octopus bairdii, see Bathypolypus 

bairdii 

octoradiatus, Haliclystus, see 

Haliclystus auricula 

oculata, Cribrella, see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

oculata, Galathowenia, see Myriochele 

oculata 

oculata, Myriochele 55, 87 

oculata, Mysis 59, 91 

oculatus, Notoproctus 55, 88 

oculatus, Paraphoxus 62, 93 

oculatus, Paraphoxus, see Paraphoxus 

oculatus 

Odius carinatus 62, 93 

Odonthalia dentata 44, 79 

Odostomia unidentata 67, 99 

Oediceros borealis 62, 93 

Oediceros lynceus, see Paroediceros 

lynceus 

Oediceros saginatus 62, 93 

Oenopota bicarinata, see Oenopota 

violacea 

Oenopota cancellata 66, 97 

Oenopota cinerea, see Oenopota 


Oenopota conoidea sensu Friele, see 

Oenopota decussata 

Oenopota decussata 66, 97 

Oenopota exarata 66, 97 

Oenopota gigantea 66, 97 

Oenopota harpa 66, 97 

Oenopota nobilis, see Propebela 

nobilis 

Oenopota obliqua 66, 97 

Oenopota pingeli 66, 97 

Oenopota pingelii, see Oenopota 

pingeli 

Oenopota pyramidalis 66, 97 

Oenopota rugulata Troschel 

var.spitzbergensis, see Propebela 


Oenopota santarica 66, 97 

Oenopota scalaris, see Propebela 

nobilis 

Oenopota scalaroides, see Propebela 

scalaroides 

Oenopota schmidti, see Oenopota 

harpa 

Oenopota simplex 66, 97 

Oenopota spitzbergensis, see Propebela 


Oenopota tenuicostata (G.O. Sars, 

1878), see Oenopota decussata 

Oenopota tenuicostata 66, 97 

Oenopota trevelliana (Turton, 1834), 

see Propebela reticulata 

Oenopota turricula 66, 97 

Oenopota violacea 66, 97 

Oenopota woodiana, see Propebela 

woodiana 

oerstedi, Eunoe 54, 87 

oerstedi, Syllis 56, 89 

Oikopleura labradoriensis 75, 106 

Oikopleura vanhoffeni 75, 106 

Oithona plumifera 58, 90 

Oithona similis 58, 90 

olgae, Ectyodoryx 46, 81 

oligacantha, Ectyodoryx 46, 81 

Oligochaeta 57, 89 

olivaceus, Margarites 66, 97 

Omalosecosa ramulosa 71, 103 

Omphalophyllum ulvaceum 43, 78 

Oncaea borealis 58, 90 

Oncaea conifera 58, 90 

Onchidiopsis carnea, see Onchidiopsis 

latissima 

Onchidiopsis glacialis 66, 97 

Onchidiopsis groenlandica, see 

Onchidiopsis glacialis 

Onchidiopsis latissima 66, 97 

Oncouecia dilatans, see Oncousoecia 


Oncousoecia canadensis 71, 103 

Oncousoecia diastoporides 71, 103 

Oncousoecia dilatans 71, 103 

Ondina normani 67, 99 

Onisimus affinis 62, 93 

Onisimus brevicaudatus 62, 93 

Onisimus caricus 62, 93 

Onisimus edwardsi 62, 93 

134 

Onisimus glacialis 62, 93 

Onisimus litoralis 62, 93 

Onisimus nanseni 62, 93 

Onisimus plautus 62, 93 

Onoba jeffreysi, see Alvania jeffreysi 

Onoba leptalea 66, 97 

Onoba mighelsi 66, 97 

Onoba obliqua 66, 97 

Onoba torelli 66, 97 

Onogadus argentatus 77, 107 

Onuphis conchylega, see Nothria 

conchylega 

operculatus, Psolus 74, 106 

Ophelia borealis 55, 88 

Ophelia limacina, see Ophelia borealis 

Ophelina abranchiata 55, 88 

Ophelina acuminata 55, 88 

Ophelina aulogaster, see Ophelina 


Ophelina cylindricaudata 55, 88 

Ophelina helgolandia 55, 88 

Ophelina opisthobranchiata 55, 88 

Ophiacantha bidentata 23, 74, 105 

Ophiacantha spinulosa, see 

Ophiacantha bidentata 

Ophiocomina nigra 74, 105 

Ophiocten sericeum 23, 74, 105 

Ophioglypha sarsii, see Ophiura sarsii 

Ophiopholis aculeata 22, 23, 74, 105 

Ophiopholis scolopendrica, see 

Ophiopholis aculeata 

Ophiopleura borealis 74, 105 

Ophiopus arcticus 74, 105 

Ophioscolex glacialis 74, 105 

Ophioscolex purpureus 74, 105 

Ophiothrix fragilis 74, 105 

Ophiura nodosa 74, 105 

Ophiura robusta 74, 105 

Ophiura sarsi, see Ophiura sarsii 

Ophiura sarsii 23, 74, 105 

ophiura, Laminaria, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Ophiuroidea 34, 37, 38, 74, 105 

Ophryotrocha puerilis 55, 88 

opisthobranchiata, Ophelina 55, 88 

Opistobranchia 37, 67, 98 

orbicularis, Polycope 58, 90 

orbiculata, Axinopsida 68, 99 

orbiculata, Axinopsis, see Axinopsida 

orbiculata 

Orchomene crispatus 62, 93 

Orchomene minutus, see Orchomenella 

minuta 

Orchomene serratus 62, 93 

Orchomenella minuta 62, 93 

Orchomenella pinguis 62, 93 

Orcula barthii, see Ekmania barthi 

Organidus nordenskjoeldi 51, 85 

Organidus nordenskjoeldi, see 

Gersemia rubiformis 

ornata, Schistomysis 59, 91 

ornatum, Halecium 49, 83

Orthophyxis integra 49, 83 

Osteichthyes 76, 107 

Ostracoda 57, 90 

Ostreobium queckettii 45, 80 

ovata, Hincksia 43, 78 

ovulum, Mycale 47, 82 

ovum, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

maltzani 

ovum, Mertensia 51, 85 

Owenia fusiformis 55, 88 

oxeata, Cladorhiza 46, 81 

oxyrhyncha, Diastylis 59, 91 

oxyurea, Gnathia 63, 94 

Ozothallia nodosa, see Ascophyllum 

nodusum 

P 

Pachycerianthus multiplicatus 51, 85 

Pachychalina caulifera 47, 82 

Pachychalina fracta 47, 82 

pachydermum, Rhizoclonium 45, 80 

Pachyegis groenlandica 71, 103 

Pachyegis producta 71, 103 

Pachymatisma johnstonia 47, 82 

pachystega, Schizoporella 72, 104 

packardi, Monoculodes 62, 93 

packardi, Monoculodes, see 

Monoculodes packardi 

pagenstecheri, Lumbricillus 57, 89 

paguri, Clistosaccus 59, 90 

paguri, Peltogaster 59, 90 

Pagurus bernhardus 64, 95 

Pagurus pubescens 23, 64, 95 

pallescens, Glyphanostomum 54, 87 

pallida, Isops, see Isops phlegraei 

pallida, Lunatia, see Polinices pallidus 

pallida, Melita 62, 93 

pallida, Natica, see Polinices pallidus 

pallidula, Lacuna 66, 96 

pallidum, Aplidium 75, 106 

pallidus, Leucon 60, 91 

pallidus, Lycodes 76, 107 

pallidus, Polinices 66, 97 

pallidus, Strongylocentrotus 74, 105 

Palliolum groenlandicus, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

Palliolum striatum 69, 100 

Palmaria palmata 44, 79 

palmata, Escharella 71, 102 

palmata, Esperiopsis 46, 81 

palmata, Isodictya 47, 81 

palmata, Palmaria 44, 79 

palmata, Rhodymenia, see Palmaria 

palmata 

palmata, Smittia 72, 104 

palmatus, Ulva, see Palmaria palmata 

Palmenella limicola 58, 90 

Palmicellaria skenei var. foliacea, see 

Palmiskenea skenei 

Palmicellaria skenei, see Palmiskenea 

skenei 

Palmiskenea skenei 71, 103 

Pandalus borealis 23, 31, 64, 95 

Pandora glacialis 69, 100 

panicea, Halichondria 46, 81 

Panomya arctica 69, 100 

panopla, Asterias, see Icasterias 

panopla 

panopla, Icasterias 73, 105 

panopla, Pleustes 63, 93 

panoplus, Pleustes, see Pleustes 

panopla 

Pantachogon haeckeli 49, 83 

Pantoneura baerii 44, 79 

papillosa, Euchone 54, 87 

papposus, Crossaster 23, 73, 105 

papposus, Solaster, see Crossaster 

papposus 

Paractius littoralis 55, 88 

Paradexiospira violacea 55, 88 

Paradexiospira vitrea 55, 88 

Paradoneis lyra 55, 88 

paradoxa, Nephtys 55, 88 

Paradoxostoma arcticum 58, 90 

Paradoxostoma rostratum 58, 90 

Paradoxostoma variabile 58, 90 

Paramphinoe jeffreysi, see 


Paramphinome jeffreysii 55, 88 

Paramphinome pulchella, see 


Paramphithoe bicuspis, see 


Paramphithoe brevicornis, see 

Parapleustes gracilis 

Paramphithoe euacantha, see 


Paramphithoe glabra, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

Paramphithoe hystrix 62, 93 

Paramphithoe pulchellus, see 


Paramphitrite birulai 55, 88 

Paranaitis aff. polynoides 55, 88 

Paranaitis wahlbergi 55, 88 

Paraninoe minuta 55, 88 

Paranthura brachiata, see Calathura 


Paraonides lyra, see Paradoneis lyra 

Paraonis gracilis, see Levinsenia 

gracilis 

Paraonis lyra, see Paradoneis lyra 

Paraphoxus cf. oculatus, see 

Paraphoxus oculatus 

Paraphoxus oculatus 62, 93 

Parapleustes assimilis 62, 93 

Parapleustes bicuspis 62, 93 

Parapleustes glaber, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

Parapleustes gracilis 62, 93 

Parapleustes monocuspis, see 


Parapleustes pulchellus, see 


Parasipho kroeyeri, see Colus kroeyeri 

135 

parasitica, Allantactis 50, 84 

parasiticum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

parasiticum, Monobranchia, see 

Monobrachium parasitum 

parasiticum, Phaeostroma 43, 78 

parasitum, Monobrachium 49, 83 

Parasmitina trispinosa, see Parasmittina 

trispinosa 

Parasmittina trispinosa 71, 103 

Paraspio wireni, see Marenzelleria 

wireni 

Paraspongodes caduca 51, 85 

Paraspongodes capitata 51, 85 

Paraspongodes fruticosa, see 

Eunephthya fruticosa 

Paraspongodes globosa 51, 85 

Paraspongodes luetkeni 51, 85 

Paraspongodes rubra 51, 85 

Paraspongoides uvaeformis, see 

Gersemia uvaeformis 

Parathalestris jacksoni 58, 90 

Parathemisto abyssorum, see Themisto 

abyssorum 

Parathemisto bispinosa, see Themisto 

compressa 

Parathemisto gaudichaud, see Themisto 

compressa 

Parathemisto gaudichaudi, see 


Parathemisto gaudichaudii, see 


Parathemisto libellula, see Themisto 

libellula 

Pardalisca abyssi 62, 93 

Pardalisca cuspidata 62, 93 

Pardalisca tenuipes 62, 93 

parelii, Pseudarchaster 73, 105 

Parerythrops obesa 59, 91 

Parerythrops robusta, see Parerythrops 

obesa 

Parerythrops spectabilis 59, 91 

Pareuchaeta norvegica 58, 90 

Paroediceros lynceus 62, 93 

Paroediceros propinguus, see 

Paroediceros propinquus 

Paroediceros propinquus 63, 93 

parva, Rissoa 66, 98 

parvulum, Audouinella 44, 79 

patens, Discopora 70, 102 

patens, Smittia, see Umbonula patens 

patens, Umbonula 73, 104 

paucibranchiata, Chone 53, 86 

pavonella, Mucronella, see Arctonula 

arctica 

payeri, Bythocaris 64, 95 

peachi, Cellularia, see Tricellaria 

peachi 

peachi, Mucronella, see Escharella 

immersa 

peachi, Tricellaria 72, 104 

peachii, Biemna 46, 81 

Pecten groenlandicus, see Arctinula 

greenlandica 

Pecten striatum, see Palliolum striatum

Pectinaria auricoma 55, 88 

Pectinaria granulata 55, 88 

Pectinaria hyperborea 55, 88 

Pectinaria koreni 55, 88 

pectinata, Andaniella 60, 92 

pectunculoides, Arca, see Bathyarca 


pectunculoides, Bathyarca 68, 99 

pectunculus, Bathyarca, see Bathyarca 


Pectyllis arctica, see Ptychogastria 

polaris 

Pedicellaster typicus 73, 105 

Pedicellina gracilis 52, 85 

pedunculata, Corellopsis 75, 106 

pedunculata, Eugyra 75, 106 

pelagica, Nereis 55, 88 

pellucida, Chiridota, see Chiridota 

laevis 

pellucidus, Hymenaster 73, 105 

pellucidus, Phyllophorus, see 


Pelonaia corrugata 75, 107 

Peltogaster paguri 59, 90 

pencilliformis, Urospora 45, 80 

pennata, Eunice 54, 87 

pennatula, Asbestopluma 46, 81 

pennyi, Turnerella 45, 79 

pente, Nephtys 55, 88 

percursa, Percursaria 45, 80 

percursa, Ulva, see Percursaria 

percursa 

Percursaria percursa 45, 80 

percursaria, Diplonema, see 


perforata, Henricia 73, 105 

Pericharax polejaevi 47, 82 

Perigonimus abyssi, see Leuckartiara 

abyssi 

Perigonimus yoldiaearcticae 49, 83 

perlevis, Hymenacidon, see 


perlevis, Hymeniacidon 47, 81 

pernula, Leda, see Nuculana pernula 

pernula, Nuculana 69, 100 

persei, Yoldiella, see Yoldiella 

propingua 

perspinosa, Myxilla 47, 82 

pertenuis, Retusa, see Retusa obtusa 

pertenuis, Utriculus, see Retusa obtusa 

pertusa, Rhodymenia, see Palmaria 


peschi, Tricellaria, see Tricellaria 

peachi 

petalocera, Unciola 63, 94 

Petalonia fascia 43, 78 

Petalonia zosterifolia 43, 78 

Petaloproctus tenuis 55, 88 

Petalosarsia declivis 60, 91 

peterseni, Skenea 67, 98 

Petroderma maculiforme 43, 78 

petterseni, Ganesa, see Skenea 

peterseni 

PHAEOPHYTA 43, 78 

Phaeostroma parasiticum 43, 78 

Phaeostroma pustulosum 43, 78 

Phakellia arctica 47, 82 

Phakellia bowerbanki 47, 82 

Phakellia cribrosa 47, 82 

Phakellia rugosa 47, 82 

Phakellia ventilabrum 47, 82 

phantapus, Psolus 74, 106 

Phascolion strombi, see Phascolion 

strombus 

Phascolion strombus 52, 86 

Phascolisoma strombi, see Phascolion 

strombus 

Phascolosoma eremita, see Nephasoma 

eremita 

Phascolosoma margaritaceum, see 

Golfingia margaritacea 

Phascolosoma minutum, see 

Nephasoma minutum 

phascolosomata, Loxosoma 52, 85 

Phellia spetzbergensis, see Kadosactis 


Pherusa arctica 55, 88 

Pherusa plumosa 55, 88 

Phidolopora elongata 71, 103 

Philbertia teres, see Teretia teres 

Philine finmarchica 67, 99 

Philine fragilis, see Philine finmarchica 

Philine lima 68, 99 

Philine polaris 68, 99 

Philomedes brenda (Baird) in Sars, 

1885, see Philomedes globusus 

Philomedes brenda, see Philomedes 

globusus 

Philomedes globusus 58, 90 

Philomedes lilljeborgi 58, 90 

Phippsia romeri 63, 93 

Phippsiella similis 63, 93 

phippsii, Spirontocaris 64, 95 

Phisidia aurea 55, 88 

phlegraei, Isops 47, 81 

Phloe minuta, see Pholoe inornata 

Phloeodictyon irregulare 47, 82 

Phloeospora tortilis, see Stictyosiphon 

tortilis 

pholadis, Saxicava, see Hiatella rugosa 

Pholoe inornata 55, 88 

Pholoe minuta, see Pholoe inornata 

Pholoe synopthalmica 55, 88 

Photis reinhardi 63, 93 

Photis tenuicornis 63, 93 

Phoxichilidium femoratum 57, 90 

Phoxocephalus holbolli 63, 93 

phrygiana, Hippasteria 73, 105 

phrygium, Candelabrum 48, 82 

Phycodrys rubens 44, 79 

Phylactella labiata, see Escharella 


Phyllaria dermatodea, see Saccorhiza 


Phyllaria lorea, see Saccorhiza 


136 

phyllitis, Laminaria, see Laminaria 

saccharina 

Phyllodoce citrina 55, 88 

Phyllodoce groenlandica 55, 88 

Phyllodoce maculata 55, 88 

Phyllodoce mucosa 56, 88 

phyllonyx, Aceros, see Arrhis 

phyllonyx 

phyllonyx, Arrhis 61, 92 

Phyllophora brodiæi, see Phyllophora 


Phyllophora truncata 44, 79 

Phyllophorus drummondi, see 


Phyllophorus pellucidus, see 


physa, Coelosphaera 46, 81 

Physidia aurea, see Phisidia aurea 

piceus, Iophon 47, 81 

Pilayella littoralis 43, 78 

Pilayella varia 43, 78 

pileus, Pleurobrachia 51, 85 

piliferum, Bolbocoleon 45, 79 

pilosa, Electra 70, 102 

pilosa, Membranipora, see Electra 

pilosa 

pingeli, Oenopota 66, 97 

pingeli, Triglops 77, 108 

pingelii, Bela, see Oenopota pingeli 

pingelii, Oenopota, see Oenopota 

pingeli 

pinguis, Amathilla, see Weyprechtia 

pinguis 

pinguis, Orchomenella 62, 93 

pinguis, Weyprechtia 63, 94 

pinnata, Sertularella 49, 84 

Pionosyllis compacta 56, 88 

Pista cristata 56, 88 

Pista flexuosa, see Axionice flexuosa 

Pista maculata, see Axionice maculata 

placoides, Mycale 47, 82 

Placostegus tridentatus 56, 88 

platessoides, Hippoglossoides 76, 107 

Platysympus tricarinatus 60, 91 

Platysympus typicus 60, 91 

plautus, Onisimus 62, 93 

Pleurobrachia pileus 51, 85 

Pleurocladia lacustris 43, 78 

Pleurogonium inerme 64, 95 

Pleurogonium spinosissimum 64, 95 

Pleurotoma boreale, see Teretia teres 

Pleurotoma borealis, see Oenopota 


Pleurotoma reticulata, see Propebela 


Pleustes cataphractus 63, 93 

Pleustes medius, see Pleustomesus 

medius 

Pleustes panopla 63, 93 

Pleustes panoplus, see Pleustes 

panopla 

Pleustomesus medius 63, 93 

Pleusymtes glaber 63, 94

Pleusymtes glabroides 63, 94 

Pleusymtes pulchella 63, 94 

plexa, Gelliodes 46, 81 

plicata, Ahnfeltia 44, 79 

plicata, Laomedea, see Obelia 

dichotoma 

plicata, Rhamphostomella 72, 104 

plicatile, Stegopoma 49, 84 

plicatilis, Campanulina, see Stegopoma 

plicatile 

plicatilis, Velutella, see Velutina 

plicatilis 

plicatilis, Velutina 67, 98 

Plicifusus kroeyeri, see Colus kroeyeri 

Plocamia ambigua, see Plocamionida 

ambigua 

Plocamia lundbecki 47, 82 

Plocamionida ambigua 47, 82 

plumifera, Oithona 58, 90 

plumosa, Chaetopteris, see Sphacelaria 

plumosa 

plumosa, Harpinia 61, 92 

plumosa, Pherusa 55, 88 

plumosa, Sphacelaria 44, 79 

plumosa, Trophonia, see Pherusa 

plumosa 

Plumularia variabilis 49, 83 

Pneophyllum fragile 44, 79 

Podoceros anguipes, see Ischyrocerus 

anguipes 

Podoceros brevicornis, see 

Ischyrocerus brevicornis 

Podoceros megacheir, see Ischyrocerus 

megacheir 

Podocoryne carnea 49, 83 

POGONOPHORA 57, 89 

polare, Buccinum 65, 96 

polare, Leptoclinum, see Didemnum 

albidum 

polaris, Clymenura 53, 86 

polaris, Ctenodiscus, see Ctenodiscus 

crispatus 

polaris, Diastylis 60, 91 

polaris, Hippolyte, see Lebbeus polaris 

polaris, Krystallofanes, see Stomphia 

polaris 

polaris, Lebbeus 23, 64, 95 

polaris, Leiochone, see Clymenura 

polaris 

polaris, Nematostella 51, 85 

polaris, Nephthya, see Paraspongodes 

luetkeni 

polaris, Philine 68, 99 

polaris, Ptychogastria 50, 84 

polaris, Schizotricha 49, 83 

polaris, Spirontocaris, see Lebbeus 

polaris 

polaris, Stomphia 51, 85 

polaris, Voeringia, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

polejaevi, Pericharax 47, 82 

Polinices nanus 66, 97 

Polinices pallidus 66, 97 

Polinices tenuistriatus 66, 97 

Poliometra prolixa 73, 105 

polita, Hemicyclopora 71, 102 

Pollachius virens 77, 107 

Polycarpa fibrosa 75, 107 

Polycarpa libra, see Polycarpa fibrosa 

Polycarpa pomaria 75, 107 

Polychaeta 36, 39, 53, 86 

Polycirrus arcticus 56, 88 

Polycirrus cf medusa, see Polycirrus 

medusa 

Polycirrus medusa 56, 88 

Polycirrus norvegicus 56, 88 

Polycope orbicularis 58, 90 

Polydora caeca, see Polydora coeca 

Polydora caulleryi 56, 88 

Polydora ciliata 56, 88 

Polydora coeca 56, 88 

Polydora quadrilobata 56, 88 

Polymastia mammilaris 47, 82 

Polymastia mammilaris hyperborea 47, 

82 

Polymastia robusta 47, 82 

Polymastia uberrima 47, 82 

polynoides, Paranaitis 55, 88 

Polyphysia crassa 56, 89 

Polyphysia quaterbranchiata, see 

Polyphysia crassa 

Polyplacophora 65, 95 

polyrhiza, Rosenvingiella 45, 80 

Polysiphonia arctica 44, 79 

Polysiphonia elongata 44, 79 

Polysiphonia fucoides 44, 79 

Polysiphonia lanosa 44, 79 

Polysiphonia nigra 44, 79 

Polysiphonia stricta 44, 79 

Polythoa norvegica, see Epizoanthus 

norvegicus 

polyura, Tethya 48, 82 

polyzonias, Sertularella 49, 84 

pomaria, Polycarpa 75, 107 

Pomatoceros triqueter 56, 89 

Pontaster tenuispinus 73, 105 

Pontophilus norvegicus 64, 95 

Pontoporeia femorata 63, 94 

Poraniomorpha tumida 73, 105 

porcatus, Balanus, see Balanus balanus 

Porella acutirostris 71, 103 

Porella compressa 71, 103 

Porella concinna 71, 103 

Porella elegantula, see Cystisella 

saccata 

Porella groenlandica 71, 103 

Porella laevis 71, 103 

Porella minuta 71, 103 

Porella obesa 71, 103 

Porella proboscoidea 71, 103 

Porella saccata, see Cystisella saccata 

Porella struma 72, 103 

Porelloides laevis, see Porella laevis 

Porelloides struma, see Porella struma 

PORIFERA 46, 81 

porifera, Schizomavella 72, 104 

137 

porifera, Smittia, see Schizomavella 

porifera 

Porina tubulosa, see Cylindroporella 

tubulosa 

porosus, Gellius 46, 81 

Porphyra amplissima 44, 79 

Porphyra miniata 44, 79 

Portlandia arctica 69, 100 

Portlandia frigida, see Yoldiella frigida 

Portlandia intermedia, see Yoldiella 

intermedia 

Portlandia lenticula, see Yoldiella 

lenticula 

Portlandia lucida, see Yoldiella lucida 

Posterula sarsi 72, 103 

Potamilla neglecta 56, 89 

Pourtalesia jeffreysi 74, 105 

poutassou, Micromesistis 77, 107 

praetermissa, Euclymene, see 

Praxillella praetermissa 

praetermissa, Praxilella, see Praxillella 

praetermissa 

praetermissa, Praxillella 56, 89 

Prasiola crispa 45, 80 

Praunus inermis 59, 91 

Praxilella affinis, see Euclymene 

affinis 

Praxilella gracilis, see Praxillella 

gracilis 

Praxilella praetermissa, see Praxillella 

praetermissa 

Praxillella affinis, see Euclymene 

affinis 

Praxillella gracilis 56, 89 

Praxillella praetermissa 56, 89 

Praxillura longissima 56, 89 

PRIAPULIDA 52, 85 

Priapulopsis bicaudatus 52, 85 

Priapulus bicaudatus, see Priapulopsis 

bicaudatus 

Priapulus caudatus 52, 85 

princeps, Sarsia 49, 83 

Pringsheimiella scutata 45, 80 

prionochira, Maera 62, 93 

Prionospio (Minuspio) c, see 

Prionospio cirrifera 

Prionospio (Minuspio) cirrif, see 

Prionospio cirrifera 

Prionospio cf. cirrifera, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

Prionospio cirrifera 56, 89 

Prionospio cirriferra, see Prionospio 

cirrifera 

prismatica, Proceraea 56, 89 

prismaticus, Autolytus 53, 86 

Proboloides glacialis, see Metopa 

glacialis 

proboscidea, Artacama 53, 86 

proboscidea, Colossendeis 57, 89 

proboscidium, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

Proboscina gracilis 72, 103 

Proboscina incrassata 72, 103 

proboscoidea, Porella 71, 103

proboseidea, Artacama, see Artacama 

proboscidea 

Proceraea prismatica 56, 89 

Proclea graffi 56, 89 

Proclea malmgreni 56, 89 

producta, Astarte 68, 99 

producta, Krithe 58, 90 

producta, Pachyegis 71, 103 

productum, Chaetoderma 65, 95 

productus, Centromedon 61, 92 

prolifer, Autolytus 53, 86 

prolifer, Hybocodon 49, 83 

prolifera, Enteromorpha 45, 79 

prolixa, Antedon, see Poliometra 

prolixa 

prolixa, Poliometra 73, 105 

promamme, Bylgides 53, 86 

Proneomenia sluiteri 65, 95 

Proneomenia thulensis 41, 65, 95 

Propebela assimilis 66, 97 

Propebela impressa 66, 97 

Propebela nobilis 66, 97 

Propebela reticulata 66, 97 

Propebela scalaris, see Propebela 

nobilis 

Propebela scalaroides 66, 98 

Propebela spitzbergensis 66, 98 

Propebela woodiana 66, 98 

propingua, Yoldiella 69, 101 

propinguus, Paroediceros, see 

Paroediceros propinquus 

propinqua, Harpinia 61, 92 

propinqua, Hippodiplosia, see 

Smittoidea propinqua 

propinqua, Smittia, see Smittoidea 

propinqua 

propinqua, Smittina, see Smittoidea 

propinqua 

propinqua, Smittoidea 72, 104 

propinquus, Hippomedon 61, 92 

propinquus, Paroediceros 63, 93 

Prosobranchia 39, 65, 95 

Protomedeia fasciata 63, 94 

Protomedeia grandimana 63, 94 

Protula similis 56, 89 

prunum, Ascidia 75, 106 

Psammopemma finmarchica 47, 82 

Pseudalibrotus glacialis, see Onisimus 

glacialis 

Pseudalibrotus littoralis, see Onisimus 

litoralis 

Pseudalibrotus nanseni, see Onisimus 

nanseni 

Pseudamussium groenlandicum, see 


Pseudamussium imbriferum, see 


Pseudamussium striatum, see Palliolum 

striatum 

Pseudarchaster parelii 73, 105 

Pseudendoclonium submarinum 45, 80 

Pseudocalanus elongatus 58, 90 

Pseudocalanus pygmaeus 58, 90 

pseudoflacca, Ulothrix, see Ulothrix 

flacca 

Pseudoflustra birulai 72, 103 

Pseudoflustra hincksi 72, 103 

Pseudoflustra solida 72, 103 

Pseudolithoderma extensum 43, 78 

Pseudolithoderma rosenvingii 43, 78 

Pseudomma truncatum 59, 91 

pseudomonstrosiense, Cytheropteron 

58, 90 

Pseudopolynices nanus, see Polinices 

nanus 

Pseudoscalibregma longisetosum 56, 

89 

Pseudosuberites carnosus 47, 82 

Pseudosuberites hyalinus 47, 82 

Pseudosuberites montiniger, see 

Suberites montiniger 

Pseudotanais affinis 60, 91 

Pseudotanais lilljeborgi 60, 91 

Pseudotanais macrocheles 60, 91 

psittacea, Hemithiris 69, 101 

psittacea, Rhynchonella, see Hemithiris 

psittacea 

Psolus fabricii, see Psolus squamatus 

Psolus operculatus 74, 106 

Psolus phantapus 74, 106 

Psolus squamatus 74, 106 

Psolus valvatus, see Psolus squamatus 

psora, Aega 63, 94 

Pteraster militaris 73, 105 

Pteraster obscurus 73, 105 

Pteraster pulvillus 73, 105 

Ptilota gunneri 44, 79 

Ptilota serrata 44, 79 

Ptychogastria polaris 50, 84 

pubescens, Eupagurus, see Pagurus 

pubescens 

pubescens, Pagurus 23, 64, 95 

puerilis, Ophryotrocha 55, 88 

pulchella, Dendrodoa 75, 106 

pulchella, Paramphinome, see 


pulchella, Pleusymtes 63, 94 

pulchellus, Neopleustes 62, 93 

pulchellus, Paramphithoe, see 


pulchellus, Parapleustes, see 


pulcher, Amphiporus, see 

Nipponnemertes pulcher 

pulcher, Nipponnemertes 51, 85 

pulchra, Abietinaria 48, 82 

pullus, Fusus, see Colus latericeus 

pulmonaria, Synoicum 76, 107 

pulvillus, Pteraster 73, 105 

pumilus, Anonyx, see Centromedon 

pumilus 

pumilus, Centromedon 61, 92 

Punctaria latifolia 43, 78 

Punctaria tenuissima 43, 78 

punctata, Caprella, see Caprella 


138 

punctata, Castalia, see Nereimyra 


punctata, Cribilina, see Cribrilina 


punctata, Cribrilina 70, 101 

punctata, Nereimyra 55, 88 

punctata, Spilophora 52, 85 

punctillata, Sarsicytheridea 58, 90 

punctostriatus, Scaphander 68, 99 

Punctulum wyvillethompsoni, see 

Alvania wyvillethomsoni 

Puncturella noachina 66, 98 

purpurea, Audouinella 44, 79 

purpurea, Corymorpha 48, 83 

purpurea, Micrura 51, 85 

purpureum, Cystoclonium 44, 79 

purpureus, Ophioscolex 74, 105 

purpurotincta, Bugula, see Bugula 

fastigiata 

pusilla, Coryne 48, 83 

pusiola, Hippolyte, see Eualus pusiolus 

pusiolus, Eualus 64, 95 

pusiolus, Spirontocaris, see Eualus 

pusiolus 

pustulatum, Titanoderma 45, 79 

pustulosum, Phaeostroma 43, 78 

Pycnanthus densus 51, 85 

Pycnogonida 57 

pygmaea, Lafoea, see Calycella syringa 

pygmaeus, Dysponetus 53, 86 

pygmaeus, Pseudocalanus 58, 90 

Pygospio elegans 56, 89 

Pylaiella littoralis, see Pilayella 

littoralis 

Pylaiella varia, see Pilayella littoralis 

pylaii, Alaria, see Alaria esculenta 

pylasaei, Scagelia 45, 79 

pyramidale, Cytheropteron 58, 90 

pyramidalis, Bela, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

pyramidalis, Lora, see Oenopota 

pyramidalis 

pyramidalis, Oenopota 66, 97 

Pyrene rosacea, see Astyris rosacea 

pyriformis, Halocynthia 23, 75, 106 

pyriformis, Isops, see Isops phlegraei 

Pyripora catenularia 72, 103 

pyrula, Crella 46, 81 

pyrula, Grayella, see Crella pyrula 

Pyrulofusus deformis, see Volutopsius 

deformis 

Q 

quadrangularis, Jugaria 54, 87 

quadrata, Antedon, see Heliometra 

glacialis 

quadricornis, Lucernaria 50, 84 

quadricuspida, Naidonereis, see 

Naineris quadricuspida 

quadricuspida, Naineris 55, 88 

quadricuspis, Cleippides 61, 92

quadridentata, Dendrobeania 

murrayana var. 70, 102 

quadridentata, Halirages 61, 92 

quadridentata, Lovenella, see 

Tetrapoma quadridentata 

quadridentata, Tetrapoma 49, 84 

quadrilobata, Polydora 56, 88 

quadrispinata, Nicomache 55, 88 

quadrispinosa, Melita 62, 93 

Quasillina brevis 47, 82 

Quasillina richardi 47, 82 

quaterbranchiata, Polyphysia, see 

Polyphysia crassa 

queckettii, Ostreobium 45, 80 

R 

Rabilimis septentrionalis 58, 90 

radiata, Capulacmaea 65, 96 

radiata, Raja 76, 107 

radiatula, Rhamphostomella 72, 104 

radicans, Sphacelaria 44, 79 

radicellatum, Alcyonidium 70, 101 

Ragionula rosacea 72, 103 

Ragionula sarsi, see Posterula sarsi 

Raja fyllae 76, 107 

Raja hyperborea 76, 107 

Raja radiata 76, 107 

Ralfsia clavata 43, 78 

ramentacea, Devaleraea 44, 79 

ramentacea, Halymenia, see 


ramentaceum, Halosaccion, see 


rameum, Eudendrium 49, 83 

ramosum, Eudendrium 49, 83 

ramulosa, Cellepora, see Omalosecosa 

ramulosa 

ramulosa, Omalosecosa 71, 103 

raphanus, Sycon 48, 82 

Raphitoma amoena, see Neopotilla 

amoena 

rarispina, Harmothoe, see Lagisca 

rarispina 

rarispina, Lagisca 54, 87 

raschi, Thysanoessa 64, 95 

rathkei, Diastylis 60, 91 

regalis, Tubularia 50, 84 

regina, Rhodichtihys 77, 107 

reinboldii, Botrytella 43, 78 

reinhardi, Photis 63, 93 

reinhardti, Careproctus 76, 107 

reinhardti, Cylichna, see Cylichna 

occulta 

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 77, 107 

relicta, Mysis 59, 91 

Reniera cinerea, see Haliclona cinerea 

Reniera glacialis 47, 82 

Reniera heterofibrosa 47, 82 

Reniera laxa, see Haliclona laxa 

Reniera spitzbergensis 47, 82 

Reniera tromsoeica, see Haliclona 

tromsoeica 

Reniera tubulosa, see Haliclona 

tubulosa 

Reniera urceolus, see Haliclona 

urceolus 

repanda, Doris, see Cadlina laevis 

repens, Acrochaete 45, 79 

repens, Stomatopora 72, 104 

resima, Brachydiastylis 59, 91 

resima, Diastylis, see Brachydiastylis 

resima 

resima, Diastylopsis, see 

Brachydiastylis resima 

Retepora beaniana, see Reteporella 

beaniana 

Retepora cellulosa, see Reteporella 


Retepora elongata, see Phidolopora 


Reteporella beaniana 72, 103 

Reteporella septentrionalis 72, 103 

reticulata, Pleurotoma, see Propebela 


reticulata, Propebela 66, 97 

reticulata, Smittia, see Smittoidea 


reticulata, Smittoidea 72, 104 

reticulata, Turritella 67, 98 

reticulata-punctata, Lepralia, see 


reticulata-punctata, Smittia, see 


reticulatopunctata, Hippoporina 71, 

102 

reticulatus, Lycodes 76, 107 

reticulatus, Tachyrhynchus 67, 98 

Reticulipora intricaria, see Diplosolen 

intricarius 

retortiformis, Molgula 75, 107 

retrodorsalis, Gymnelus 76, 107 

Retusa obtusa 68, 99 

Retusa pertenuis, see Retusa obtusa 

retusa, Terebratulina 69, 101 

Reussina impressa 72, 103 

Rhachotropis aculeata 63, 94 

Rhachotropis helleri 63, 94 

Rhachotropis inflata 63, 94 

Rhachotropis macropus 63, 94 

Rhagionula rosacea, see Ragionula 

rosacea 

Rhamphostomella bilaminata 72, 103 

Rhamphostomella costata 72, 103 

Rhamphostomella fortissima, see 


Rhamphostomella hincksi 72, 103 

Rhamphostomella plicata 72, 104 

Rhamphostomella radiatula 72, 104 

Rhamphostomella scabra 72, 104 

Rhamphostomella spinigera 72, 104 

rhaphidiophora, Stelletta 48, 82 

Rhaphidotheca arctica 47, 82 

Rhegaster tumidus, see Poraniomorpha 

tumida 

139 

Rhizaxinella schaudinni 47, 82 

Rhizocaulus verticillatus 49, 83 

Rhizoclonium pachydermum 45, 80 

Rhizoclonium tortuosum 45, 80 

Rhizogeton nudum, see Clava nudum 

Rhizomolgula globularis 75, 107 

rhizopus, Cnemidocarpa 75, 106 

rhizopus, Tethyum, see Cnemidocarpa 

rhizopus 

Rhodichtihys regina 77, 107 

Rhodine gracilior 56, 89 

Rhodine loveni 56, 89 

Rhodomela confervoides 44, 79 

Rhodomela dentata, see Odonthalia 

dentata 

Rhodomela lycopodioides 44, 79 

Rhodophycema georgii 44, 79 

RHODOPHYTA 44, 79 

rhodus, Hymedesmia 47, 81 

Rhodymenia palmata, see Palmaria 


Rhodymenia pertusa, see Palmaria 


Rhynchonella psittacea, see Hemithiris 

psittacea 

richardi, Quasillina 47, 82 

rigida, Smittia, see Smittina rigida 

rigida, Smittina 72, 104 

rigida, Ulva, see Ulvaria obscura 

rinkii, Myriotrochus 74, 106 

Rissoa cruenta, see Frigidoalvania 

cruenta 

Rissoa parva 66, 98 

Rissoa sibirica Leche, see 

Frigidoalvania janmayeni 

Robertsonites tuberculatus 58, 90 

robusta, Caecognathia 63, 94 

robusta, Haploops, see Haploops setosa 

robusta, Meterythrops 59, 91 

robusta, Ophiura 74, 105 

robusta, Parerythrops, see Parerythrops 

obesa 

robusta, Polymastia 47, 82 

robustum, Boreonymphon 57, 89 

robustum, Nymphon, see 


robustum, Nymphon, see 


robustus, Anceus, see Gnathia robustus 

robustus, Dendronotus 67, 99 

robustus, Gnathia 63, 94 

roemeri, Anchinoe 46, 81 

roemeri, Dorvillea 53, 86 

roemeri, Munna 64, 94 

roemeri, Scolecithrix 58, 90 

roemeri, Stauronereis, see Dorvillea ? 

roemeri 

romeri, Molgula 75, 107 

romeri, Phippsia 63, 93 

rosacea, Astyris 65, 96 

rosacea, Discopora, see Ragionula 

rosacea

osacea, Escharoides, see Ragionula 

rosacea 

rosacea, Myxilla 47, 82 

rosacea, Pyrene, see Astyris rosacea 

rosacea, Ragionula 72, 103 

rosacea, Rhagionula, see Ragionula 

rosacea 

rosea, Duva, see Capnella florida 

rosea, Nephthya, see Capnella 


rosea, Tylodesma 48, 82 

Rosenvingiella polyrhiza 45, 80 

rosenvingii, Pseudolithoderma 43, 78 

roseum, Leptoclinum, see Didemnum 

albidum 

rossi, Lycodes 76, 107 

Rossia glaucopis 68, 99 

Rossia moelleri 68, 99 

rossica, Delesseria 44, 79 

rostratum, Paradoxostoma 58, 90 

rota, Ammonicera 67, 98 

rotulancora, Iotrochota 47, 81 

rotunda, Modeeria 49, 83 

Rozinante fragilis 63, 94 

rubella, Acmaea, see Erginus rubellus 

rubella, Euchone 54, 87 

rubella, Tectua, see Erginus rubellus 

rubellus, Erginus 23, 66, 96 

rubens, Asterias 73, 105 

rubens, Phycodrys 44, 79 

ruber, Boreochiton, see Tonicella rubra 

ruber, Trachydermon, see Tonicella 

rubra 

rubicunda, Campylaspis 59, 91 

rubiformis, Alcyonium, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

rubiformis, Gersemia 50, 84 

rubra, Hildenbrandia 44, 79 

rubra, Paraspongodes 51, 85 

rubra, Tonicella 23, 65, 95 

rubrocincta, Euchone 54, 87 

rubrovittata, Dorvillea 53, 86 

rubrovittata, Stauronereis, see 

Dorvillea rubrovittata 

rugosa, Brada 53, 86 

rugosa, Hiatella 68, 100 

rugosa, Phakellia 47, 82 

rugosa, Sertularella 49, 84 

rugulata Troschel var.spitzbergensis, 

Bela, see Propebela spitzbergensis 

rugulata Troschel var.spitzbergensis, 

Oenopota, see Propebela 


rustica, Styela 23, 76, 107 

S 

Sabella crassicornis, see Sabella 

fabricii 

Sabella fabricii 56, 89 

sabella, Fabricia, see Fabricia stellaris 

Sabellides borealis 56, 89 

Sabellides octocirrata 56, 89 

Sabinea sarsii 64, 95 

Sabinea septemcarinatus 64, 95 

sabini, Amathilla, see Gammarellus 

homari 

sabini, Colus 66, 96 

sabini, Gammarellus, see Gammarellus 

homari 

sabini, Glyptonotus, see Saduria sabini 

sabini, Mesidotea, see Saduria sabini 

sabini, Saduria 64, 95 

saccata, Cystisella 70, 102 

saccata, Porella, see Cystisella saccata 

saccharina, Laminaria 43, 78 

Saccorhiza dermatodea 43, 78 

Saduria megalura 64, 95 

Saduria sabini 64, 95 

Sagartia troglodytes 51, 85 

saginatus, Oediceros 62, 93 

Sagitta bipunctata 73, 104 

Sagitta elegans 73, 104 

saida, Boreogadus 76, 107 

saida, Gadus, see Boreogadus saida 

Salacia articulata, see Thuiaria 


salebrosus, Sclerocrangon, see 

Sclerocrangon ferox 

salmonacea, Coryphella non Couthouy 

, see Coryphella borealis 

Salvelinus alpinus 77, 107 

Samytha sexcirrata 56, 89 

Samythella neglecta 56, 89 

sanguinea, Eulalia, see Eumida 

sanguinea 

sanguinea, Eumida 54, 87 

sanguinolenta, Cribella, see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

sanguinolenta, Cribrella, see Henricia 

sanguinolenta 

sanguinolenta, Henricia 73, 105 

santarica, Oenopota 66, 97 

Sarcobotrylloides aureum, see 

Botrylloides aureum 

sarsi, Amblyops, see Dactylamblyops 

sarsi 

sarsi, Anonyx 61, 92 

sarsi, Antinoella 53, 86 

sarsi, Bela, see Propebela impressa 

sarsi, Dactylamblyops 59, 91 

sarsi, Discopora, see Posterula sarsi 

sarsi, Escharoides, see Posterula sarsi 

sarsi, Escharopsis, see Posterula sarsi 

sarsi, Gitana 61, 92 

sarsi, Harmothoe, see Antinoella sarsi 

sarsi, Laonice 54, 87 

140 

sarsi, Leptognathia, see Leptognathia 

gracilis 

sarsi, Maldane 55, 87 

sarsi, Ophiura, see Ophiura sarsii 

sarsi, Posterula 72, 103 

sarsi, Ragionula, see Posterula sarsi 

sarsi, Thyasira 69, 100 

Sarsia brachygaster 49, 83 

Sarsia princeps 49, 83 

Sarsia tubulosa 49, 83 

Sarsicytheridea bradii 58, 90 

Sarsicytheridea macrolaminata 58, 90 

Sarsicytheridea punctillata 58, 90 

Sarsiflustra abissicola, see Sarsiflustra 

abyssicola 

Sarsiflustra abyssicola 72, 104 

sarsii, Antinoe, see Antinoella sarsi 

sarsii, Apherusa 61, 92 

sarsii, Ophioglypha, see Ophiura sarsii 

sarsii, Ophiura 23, 74, 105 

sarsii, Sabinea 64, 95 

Saundersella simplex 43, 78 

saxatilis, Littorina 66, 96 

Saxicava arctica, see Hiatella arctica 

Saxicava pholadis, see Hiatella rugosa 

scaber, Eupyrgus 74, 106 

scabra var. fortissima, Discopora, see 


scabra, Eunoe, see Eunoe oerstedi 

scabra, Rhamphostomella 72, 104 

scabra, Scrupocellaria 72, 104 

scabrior, Henricia, see Henricia 

perforata 

Scagelia pylasaei 45, 79 

Scalaria (Boreoscala) groenlandica, see 

Epitonium greenlandicum 

scalariforme, Buccinum 65, 96 

scalaris, Oenopota, see Propebela 

nobilis 

scalaris, Propebela, see Propebela 

nobilis 

scalaroides, Bela, see Propebela 

scalaroides 

scalaroides, Oenopota, see Propebela 

scalaroides 

scalaroides, Propebela 66, 98 

Scalibregma inflatum 56, 89 

Scalpellum cornutum 59, 90 

Scalpellum hamatum 59, 90 

Scalpellum nymphocola 59, 90 

Scalpellum striolatum 59, 90 

Scalpellum stroemi 59, 90 

Scalpellum stroemii, see Scalpellum 

stroemi 

scalpta, Cylichna, see Cylichna occulta 

Scaphander punctostriatus 68, 99 

Scaphopoda 69, 101 

schantarica, Bela, see Propebela 

woodiana 

schaudinni, Jasmineira 54, 87 

schaudinni, Rhizaxinella 47, 82 

schaudinni, Spinocalanus 58, 90 

Schaudinnia arctica 47, 82

schaudinnii, Acthelmis 50, 84 

scheideri, Tryphosella, see Tryphosella 

schneideri 

Schistomysis ornata 59, 91 

Schizomavella auriculata 72, 104 

Schizomavella linearis 72, 104 

Schizomavella porifera 72, 104 

Schizoporella alderi, see Escharina 

alderi 

Schizoporella auriculata, see 

Schizomavella auriculata 

Schizoporella biaperta 72, 104 

Schizoporella bispinosa 72, 104 

Schizoporella cruenta, see 


Schizoporella crustacea 72, 104 

Schizoporella hyalina, see Celleporella 

hyalina 

Schizoporella incerta 72, 104 

Schizoporella linearis, see 

Schizomavella linearis 

Schizoporella pachystega 72, 104 

Schizoporella sinuosa, see 

Stomachetosella sinuosa 

Schizoporella smitti 72, 104 

Schizoporella unicornis 72, 104 

Schizotricha polaris 49, 83 

Schizotricha variabilis 49, 83 

schlosseri, Botryllus 75, 106 

schmidti, Bela, see Oenopota harpa 

schmidti, Oenopota, see Oenopota 

harpa 

schneideri, Monoculodes 62, 93 

schneideri, Tryphosa, see Tryphosella 

schneideri 

schneideri, Tryphosella 63, 94 

schoenus, Sphaerotylus 47, 82 

Scione lobata, see Axionice maculata 

Scissurella crispata, see Anatoma 

crispata 

Sclerochilus contortus 58, 90 

Sclerochilus makeoeyanensis 58, 90 

Sclerocrangon boreas 23, 64, 95 

Sclerocrangon ferox 64, 95 

Sclerocrangon salebrosus, see 

Sclerocrangon ferox 

Scolecithrix roemeri 58, 90 

Scoletoma fragilis 56, 89 

Scoletoma magnidentata 56, 89 

scolopendrica, Ophiopholis, see 

Ophiopholis aculeata 

Scoloplos armiger 56, 89 

scopa, Lumbrineris, see Abyssoninoe 

hibernica 

scoparia, Halopteris 43, 78 

scorpioides, Diastylis 60, 91 

scorpius, Cottus, see Myoxocephalus 

scorpius 

scorpius, Myoxocephalus 77, 107 

scrobiculata, Alvania 65, 95 

scrupea, Scrupocellaria 72, 104 

Scrupocellaria minor 72, 104 

Scrupocellaria scabra 72, 104 

Scrupocellaria scrupea 72, 104 

scutata, Pringsheimiella 45, 80 

scutulata, Cribilina, see Harmeria 


scutulata, Cribrilina, see Harmeria 


scutulata, Harmeria 71, 102 

Scypha ciliata 47, 82 

Scyphidium septentrionale 47, 82 

scyphops, Boreomysis 59, 91 

Scyphozoa 50, 84 

Scytosiphon attenuatus, see Delamarea 

attenuata 

Scytosiphon compressus, see 


Scytosiphon filum, see Chorda filum 

Scytosiphon lomentaria 44, 78 

Sebastes marinus 77, 107 

Sebastes mentella 77, 107 

Securiflustra securifrons 72, 104 

securifrons, Flustra, see Securiflustra 

securifrons 

securifrons, Securiflustra 72, 104 

Selaginopsis arctica, see Thuiaria 

arctica 

Selaginopsis mirabilis, see Sertularia 

mirabilis 

Selaginopsis obsoleta, see Thuiaria 

obsoleta 

Semibalanus balanoides 59, 91 

Semicytherura glaseri 58, 90 

Semicytherura nigrescens 58, 90 

Semicytherura undata 58, 90 

seminudus, Lycodes 76, 107 

semisuberites, Tentorium 48, 82 

semisulcata, Astarte, see Tridonta 

borealis 

septemcarinatus, Sabinea 64, 95 

septentrionale, Halecium 49, 83 

septentrionale, Scyphidium 47, 82 

septentrionalis, Amphiblestrum 70, 101 

septentrionalis, Caprella 61, 92 

septentrionalis, Molgula, see Molgula 

siphonalis 

septentrionalis, Rabilimis 58, 90 

septentrionalis, Reteporella 72, 103 

septentrionalis, Terebratulina 69, 101 

septentrionalis, Thracia 69, 100 

sericeum, Ophiocten 23, 74, 105 

serpens, Filellum 49, 83 

serpens, Idmonea, see Idmonea 

bidenkapi 

serpens, Lafoea, see Filellum serpens 

Serpula verruca, see Bushiella verruca 

serrata, Harpinia 61, 92 

serrata, Ptilota 44, 79 

serratum, Acanthonotozoma 60, 92 

serratum, Nymphon 57, 90 

serratus, Fucus 43, 78 

serratus, Orchomene 62, 93 

serratus, Sphyrapus 60, 91 

serratus, Sphyrapus, see Spyraphus 

anomalus 

141 

serratus, Vertumnus, see 

Acanthonotozoma serratum 

Serripes groenlandicus 69, 100 

serrula, Chitinopoma 53, 86 

Sertella elongata, see Phidolopora 


Sertularella abietina, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

Sertularella gaudichaudi 49, 84 

Sertularella geniculata, see Obelia 


Sertularella gigantea, see Sertularella 

polyzonias 

Sertularella pinnata 49, 84 

Sertularella polyzonias 49, 84 

Sertularella rugosa 49, 84 

Sertularella tenella 49, 84 

Sertularella tricuspidata, see 

Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus 

Sertularia albimaris 49, 84 

Sertularia fabricii 49, 84 

Sertularia geniculata, see Obelia 


Sertularia mirabilis 49, 84 

Sertularia tenera 49, 84 

setosa, Chaetozone 53, 86 

setosa, Haploops 61, 92 

setosa, Haplops, see Haploops setosa 

setosus, Gammarus 61, 92 

sexcirrata, Samytha 56, 89 

sibirica, Rissoa, see Frigidoalvania 

janmayeni 

sibirica, Tethya 48, 82 

Sideractis glacialis 51, 85 

Sidnyum turbinatum 75, 107 

Sidonops baretti, see Geodia barretti 

Sidonops mesotriaena 47, 82 

siliculosus, Ectocarpus 43, 78 

siliqua, Cyrtodaria 68, 100 

Similepecten similis, see Similipecten 

similis 

Similipecten groenlandicus, see 


Similipecten similis 69, 100 

similis, Apomatus, see Protula similis 

similis, Cribrinopsis 50, 84 

similis, Jugaria 54, 87 

similis, Oithona 58, 90 

similis, Phippsiella 63, 93 

similis, Protula 56, 89 

similis, Similepecten, see Similipecten 

similis 

similis, Similipecten 69, 100 

similis, Stegocephalus, see Phippsiella 

similis 

similis, Tmetonyx 63, 94 

simplex, Lora, see Oenopota simplex 

simplex, Oenopota 66, 97 

simplex, Saundersella 43, 78 

simplicirostris, Bythocaris 64, 95 

sincera, Cheilopora 70, 101 

sincera, Cheiloporina, see Cheilopora 

sincera

sincera, Lepralia, see Cheilopora 

sincera 

sincera, Mucronella, see Cheilopora 

sincera 

sinuata, Metopa 62, 93 

sinuatum, Acanthonotozoma 60, 92 

sinuosa, Schizoporella, see 


sinuosa, Stomachaetosella, see 


sinuosa, Stomachetosella 72, 104 

Sipho altus, see Anomalosipho altus 

Sipho dautzenbergi, see Colus 

verkruzeni 

Sipho hirsutus, see Colus sabini 

Sipho islandicus, see Colus islandicus 

Sipho kroeyeri, see Colus kroeyeri 

Sipho lachesis, see Turrisipho lachesis 

Sipho latericeus, see Colus latericeus 

Sipho verkrützeni, see Anomalosipho 

altus 

Sipho virgata, see Anomalosipho altus 

siphonalis, Molgula 75, 107 

Siphonochalina mollicula 47, 82 

Siphonodentalium lobatum 69, 101 

SIPUNCULIDA 52, 85 

sitiens, Eumastia 46, 81 

Skenea basistriata 67, 98 

Skenea laevigata 67, 98 

Skenea peterseni 67, 98 

skenei var. foliacea, Palmicellaria, see 

Palmiskenea skenei 

skenei, Palmicellaria, see Palmiskenea 

skenei 

skenei, Palmiskenea 71, 103 

sluiteri, Nymphon 57, 90 

sluiteri, Proneomenia 65, 95 

sluiteri, Tragosia 48, 82 

smitti, Atylus 61, 92 

smitti, Callopora 70, 101 

smitti, Ereutho, see Polycirrus medusa 

smitti, Menipea, see Notoplites smitti 

smitti, Notoplites 71, 103 

smitti, Nototropis, see Atylus smitti 

smitti, Schizoporella 72, 104 

smitti, Smittina 72, 104 

Smittia arctica, see Smittina minuscula 

Smittia landsborovis, see Smittina 

landsborovis 

Smittia palmata 72, 104 

Smittia patens, see Umbonula patens 

Smittia porifera, see Schizomavella 

porifera 

Smittia propinqua, see Smittoidea 

propinqua 

Smittia reticulata, see Smittoidea 


Smittia reticulata-punctata, see 


Smittia rigida, see Smittina rigida 

Smittia trispinosa, see Parasmittina 

trispinosa 

Smittina arctica, see Smittina 

minuscula 

Smittina auriculata 72, 104 

Smittina jeffreysi 72, 104 

Smittina landsborovis 72, 104 

Smittina minuscula 72, 104 

Smittina propinqua, see Smittoidea 

propinqua 

Smittina rigida 72, 104 

Smittina smitti 72, 104 

Smittina solida, see Pseudoflustra 

solida 

Smittina trispinosa, see Parasmittina 

trispinosa 

Smittoidea propinqua 72, 104 

Smittoidea reticulata 72, 104 

Socarnes bidenticulatus 63, 94 

Socarnes vahlii 63, 94 

Solariella bella, see Solariella obscura 

Solariella obscura 67, 98 

Solariella varicosa 67, 98 

Solaster endeca 73, 105 

Solaster furcifer, see Lophaster furcifer 

Solaster glacialis 73, 105 

Solaster papposus, see Crossaster 

papposus 

Solaster syrtensis, see Solaster glacialis 

Solenogastres 39, 65, 95 

solida, Pseudoflustra 72, 103 

solida, Smittina, see Pseudoflustra 

solida 

solidula, Yoldiella 69, 101 

solidum, Amphiblestrum 70, 101 

solidungula, Laminaria 43, 78 

Somniosus microcephalus 77, 107 

sonderi, Acrosiphonia 45, 79 

sonderi, Spongomorpha 45, 80 

sophia, Lissodendoryx 47, 82 

sorbyana, Heterocyprides 58, 90 

Sorocarpus micromorus 44, 78 

Sosane gracilis, see Anobothrus 

gracilis 

Sosanopsis wireni 56, 89 

spaerophora, Isthmoplea 43, 78 

spathulifera, Doryporella 70, 102 

spathulifera, Lepralia, see Doryporella 

spathulifera 

spatulifera, Doryporella, see 

Doryporella spathulifera 

speciosa, Campanularia 48, 82 

speciosa, Ulothrix 45, 80 

spectabilis, Metopa, see Metopa alderi 

spectabilis, Parerythrops 59, 91 

spermatozoon, Ficulina, see Suberites 

luetkeni 

spetsbergensis, Actinostola, see 

Glandulactis spetsbergensis 

spetsbergensis, Eteone 54, 87 

spetsbergensis, Glandulactis 51, 85 

spetsbergensis, Meiodiscus 44, 79 

spetzbergensis, Bunodactis 50, 84 

spetzbergensis, Phellia, see Kadosactis 


Sphacelaria arctica 44, 78 

Sphacelaria plumosa 44, 79 

142 

Sphacelaria radicans 44, 79 

Sphaerodoridium minutum, see 

Sphaerodoropsis minuta 

Sphaerodoropsis minuta 56, 89 

Sphaerodorum flavum, see 

Sphaerodorum gracilis 

Sphaerodorum gracilis 56, 89 

sphaeroides, Isops, see Isops phlegraei 

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus 56, 89 

Sphaerosyllis latipalpis, see 

Sphaerosyllis erinaceus 

Sphaerotrichia divaricata 44, 79 

Sphaerotylus borealis 47, 82 

Sphaerotylus schoenus 47, 82 

Sphyrapus serratus 60, 91 

Sphyrapus serratus, see Spyraphus 

anomalus 

Spilophora punctata 52, 85 

spinicauda, Bathyraja 76, 107 

spinicornis, Nannoniscus 64, 95 

spinifera, Aegina 60, 92 

spinifera, Aeginina, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

spiniferum, Tiron, see Tiron spiniferus 

spiniferus, Tiron 63, 94 

spinigera, Amathillopsis 60, 92 

spinigera, Hyperia 62, 92 

spinigera, Rhamphostomella 72, 104 

spinispiculum, Metschnikowia 47, 82 

Spinocalanus schaudinni 58, 90 

spinosa, Aeginella 60, 92 

spinosissima, Aegina, see Aeginina 

longicornis 

spinosissima, Caprella, see 

Metacaprella horrida 

spinosissima, Dulichia 61, 92 

spinosissimum, Chaetonymphon 57, 89 

spinosissimum, Pleurogonium 64, 95 

spinosum, Chaetonymphon 57, 89 

spinosus, Eumicrotremus 76, 107 

Spinther citrinus 56, 89 

spinulifera, Escharelloides, see 

Hincksipora spinulifera 

spinulifera, Hincksipora 71, 102 

spinulosa, Diastylis 60, 91 

spinulosa, Ophiacantha, see 

Ophiacantha bidentata 

spinulosus, Halicryptus 52, 85 

spinulosus, Halycriptus, see 

Halicryptus spinulosus 

spinulosus, Leucon 60, 91 

spinus, Hippolyte, see Spirontocaris 

spinus 

spinus, Spirontocaris 64, 95 

Spio arctica, see Spio martinensis 

Spio armata 56, 89 

Spio decorata, see Spio decoratus 

Spio decoratus 56, 89 

Spio filicornis 56, 89 

Spio martinensis 56, 89 

Spiochaetopterus typicus 56, 89 

Spiophanes cf. wigley, see Spiophanes 

wigleyi

Spiophanes kroeyeri, see Spiophanes 

kroyeri 

Spiophanes kroyeri 56, 89 

Spiophanes wigleyi 56, 89 

Spiralia helicina, see Limacina helicina 

Spiralia limacina, see Limacina 

limacina 

Spiratella helicina, see Limacina 

helicina 

Spirialis helicina, see Limacina 

helicina 

Spirialis limacina, see Limacina 

limacina 

spirillum, Circeis 53, 86 

spirillum, Spirorbis, see Circeis 

spirillum 

Spirontocaris gaimardi, see Eualus 

gaimardii 

Spirontocaris phippsii 64, 95 

Spirontocaris polaris, see Lebbeus 

polaris 

Spirontocaris pusiolus, see Eualus 

pusiolus 

Spirontocaris spinus 64, 95 

Spirontocaris turgida, see Spirontocaris 

phippsii 

Spirorbis glomerata, see Bushiella 

verruca 

Spirorbis granulatus, see Jugaria 

granulata 

Spirorbis spirillum, see Circeis 

spirillum 

Spirorbis spirorbis 56, 89 

Spirorbis spirullum, see Circeis 

spirillum 

Spirorbis verruca, see Bushiella 

verruca 

Spirorbis violaceus, see Paradexiospira 

violacea 

Spirorbis vitreus, see Paradexiospira 

vitrea 

spirorbis, Spirorbis 56, 89 

spirullum, Spirorbis, see Circeis 

spirillum 

spitsbergensis, Callopora, see Tegella 


spitsbergensis, Duva, see Capnella 

florida 

spitsbergensis, Flustra, see Tegella 


spitsbergensis, Membranipora, see 

Tegella spitsbergensis 

spitsbergensis, Tegella 72, 104 

spitzbergense, Aplidium 75, 106 

spitzbergensis, Buccinum, see 

Buccinum belcheri 

spitzbergensis, Corymorpha, see 

Corymorpha groenlandica 

spitzbergensis, Cribilina, see Cribrilina 


spitzbergensis, Cribrilina 70, 102 

spitzbergensis, Eudorella 60, 91 

spitzbergensis, Eurypon 46, 81 

spitzbergensis, Ischyrocerus, see 


spitzbergensis, Kadosactis 51, 85 

spitzbergensis, Metopa 62, 93 

spitzbergensis, Montacuta 68, 100 

spitzbergensis, Munna 64, 94 

spitzbergensis, Oenopota, see 

Propebela spitzbergensis 

spitzbergensis, Propebela 66, 98 

spitzbergensis, Reniera 47, 82 

spitzbergensis, Tegella, see Tegella 


spitzbergensis, Tryphosa, see 

Tryphosella spitzbergensis 

spitzbergensis, Tryphosella 63, 94 

Spongomorpha aeruginosa 45, 80 

Spongomorpha arcta 45, 80 

Spongomorpha centralis 45, 80 

Spongomorpha flagellata 45, 80 

Spongomorpha lanosa, see 


Spongomorpha sonderi 45, 80 

Sporochnus aculeatus, see Desmarestia 


Spyraphus anomalus 60, 91 

Spyrapus anomalus, see Spyraphus 

anomalus 

squamata, Amphipholis 74, 105 

squamata, Axiognathus, see 

Amphipholis squamata 

squamatus, Crossaster 73, 105 

squamatus, Lepidonotus 54, 87 

squamatus, Psolus 74, 106 

squamiventer, Lycodes 76, 107 

Stauronereis roemeri, see Dorvillea ? 

roemeri 

Stauronereis rubrovittata, see Dorvillea 

rubrovittata 

Staurostoma mertensii 49, 84 

Stegocephalopsis ampulla 63, 94 

Stegocephalus ampulla, see 

Stegocephalopsis ampulla 

Stegocephalus inflatus 63, 94 

Stegocephalus similis, see Phippsiella 

similis 

Stegohornera lichenoides, see Hornera 

lichenoides 

Stegophiura nodosa 74, 105 

Stegopoma plicatile 49, 84 

stella, Bunodactis 50, 84 

stellaris, Elachista 43, 78 

stellaris, Fabricia 54, 87 

stellata, Domopora, see Coronopora 


stellatus, Mastocarpus 44, 79 

Stelletta rhaphidiophora 48, 82 

stellionura, Asterias, see Urasterias 

linckii 

Stenosemus albus, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

Stephanasterias albula 73, 105 

Stichaster albulus, see Stephanasterias 

albula 

Stictyosiphon tortilis 44, 79 

Stilomysis grandis 59, 91 

143 

stimpsoni, Coryphella, see Coryphella 

borealis 

stimpsoni, Turritellopsis 67, 98 

Stomachaetosella cruenta, see 


Stomachaetosella limbata, see 

Stomachetosella limbata 

Stomachaetosella magniporata, see 

Stomachetosella magniporata 

Stomachaetosella sinuosa, see 


Stomachetosella cruenta 72, 104 

Stomachetosella hincksi 72, 104 

Stomachetosella limbata 72, 104 

Stomachetosella magniporata 72, 104 

Stomachetosella sinuosa 72, 104 

Stomatopora diastoporides, see 

Oncousoecia diastoporides 

Stomatopora dilatans, see Oncousoecia 


Stomatopora granulata, see 


Stomatopora incrassata, see Proboscina 


Stomatopora repens 72, 104 

Stomphia coccinea 51, 85 

Stomphia polaris 51, 85 

strangulans, Myrionema 43, 78 

Strangularia clavata 44, 79 

Streblosoma bairdi 56, 89 

striata, Hiatella, see Hiatella arctica 

striatum, Palliolum 69, 100 

striatum, Pecten, see Palliolum striatum 

striatum, Pseudamussium, see 

Palliolum striatum 

striatus, Margarites 23, 66, 97 

stricta, Polysiphonia 44, 79 

striolatum, Scalpellum 59, 90 

stroemi, Heterlaophonte 58, 90 

stroemi, Nymphon 57, 90 

stroemi, Scalpellum 59, 90 

stroemi, Terebellides 23, 56, 89 

stroemia, Verruca 59, 91 

stroemii, Scalpellum, see Scalpellum 

stroemi 

strombi, Phascolion, see Phascolion 

strombus 

strombi, Phascolisoma, see Phascolion 

strombus 

strombus, Phascolion 52, 86 

Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 22, 

23, 74, 105 

Strongylocentrotus pallidus 74, 105 

Strongylura cylindrata, see Collettea 

cylindrata 

struma, Porella 72, 103 

struma, Porelloides, see Porella struma 

Stryphnus fortis 48, 82 

Styela coriacea 75, 107 

Styela gelatinosa 75, 107 

Styela grossularia, see Dendrodoa 

grossularia 

Styela loveni, see Styela coriacea 

Styela rustica 23, 76, 107

Styela uniplicata, see Dendrodoa 

uniplicata 

Styelopsis grossularia, see Dendrodoa 

grossularia 

Stylaxia variabilis 48, 82 

Stylocordyla borealis 48, 82 

subaequilatera, Yoldiella, see Yoldiella 

propingua 

subaequilatra, Astarte, see Astarte 

crenata 

subauriculata, Limatula 68, 100 

Suberites carnosus, see 

Pseudosuberites carnosus 

Suberites crelloides 48, 82 

Suberites domuncula, see Suberites 

ficus 

Suberites ficus 48, 82 

Suberites luetkeni 48, 82 

Suberites montiniger 48, 82 

subflaccida, Ulothrix 45, 80 

subgracile, Leieschara 71, 103 

subgracile, Myriozoum, see Leieschara 

subgracile 

subgracilis, Myriapora 71, 103 

sublustris, Chrysallida 67, 98 

submarinum, Pseudendoclonium 45, 80 

subnudus, Monoculodes 62, 93 

subnutus, Monoculodes, see 


suborbicularis, Diastopora 70, 102 

subsalsa, Blindingia 45, 79 

substriatus, Musculus, see Musculus 

discors 

subtorta, Cuspidaria 68, 99 

suctoria, Tedania 48, 82 

sulcata, Astarte 68, 99 

sundevalli, Amphicteis 53, 86 

sundevalli, Amphiura 74, 105 

superciliaris, Bougavilla 48, 82 

surcularis, Cellepora, see Celleporina 

surcularis 

surcularis, Celleporina 70, 101 

Sycon raphanus 48, 82 

Syllis armillaris, see Typosyllis 

armillaris 

Syllis cornuta, see Langerhansia 

cornuta 

Syllis oerstedi 56, 89 

Sylon hippolytes 59, 91 

symmetra, Eugyra, see Eugyra 

glutinans 

Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus 49, 84 

Sympleustes glaber, see Pleusymtes 

glaber 

Synidothea bicuspida 64, 95 

Synidothea nodulosa 64, 95 

Synoicum haeckli, see Synoicum 

pulmonaria 

Synoicum incrustatum 76, 107 

Synoicum pulmonaria 76, 107 

Synoicum turgens 76, 107 

synopthalmica, Pholoe 55, 88 

syringa, Calycella 48, 82 

syringa, Campanulina, see Calycella 

syringa 

Syrrhoe crenulata 63, 94 

syrtensis, Solaster, see Solaster 

glacialis 

T 

Tachyrhynchus reticulatus 67, 98 

Tanaidacea 60, 91 

Tauberia gracilis, see Levinsenia 

gracilis 

Tealia felina, see Urticina felina 

Tectua rubella, see Erginus rubellus 

Tectura testudinalis 67, 98 

Tectura virginea 67, 98 

Tedania suctoria 48, 82 

Tegella arctica 72, 104 

Tegella armifera 72, 104 

Tegella nigrans 72, 104 

Tegella spitsbergensis 72, 104 

Tegella spitzbergensis, see Tegella 


Tegella unicornis 72, 104 

tenax, Molgula, see Molgula 

complanata 

tenella, Sertularella 49, 84 

tenellum, Eudendrium 49, 83 

tenellum, Halecium 49, 83 

tenera, Sertularia 49, 84 

tenerum, Trididemnum 76, 107 

Tentorium semisuberites 48, 82 

tenue, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

scalariforme 

tenuicornis, Photis 63, 93 

tenuicostata, Lora, see Oenopota 

tenuicostata 

tenuicostata, Oenopota 66, 97 

tenuicostata, Oenopota, see Oenopota 


tenuipes, Pardalisca 62, 93 

tenuis, Ennucula, see Nuculoma tenuis 

tenuis, Lafoeina 49, 83 

tenuis, Leionucula, see Nuculoma 

tenuis 

tenuis, Nucula, see Nuculoma tenuis 

tenuis, Nuculoma 69, 100 

tenuis, Petaloproctus 55, 88 

tenuis, Trichotropis bicarinata 67, 98 

tenuisigma, Cladorhiza 46, 81 

tenuispinus, Chiridius, see Gaidius 

tenuispinus 

tenuispinus, Gaidius 58, 90 

tenuispinus, Pontaster 73, 105 

tenuissima, Punctaria 43, 78 

tenuistriata, Lunatia, see Polinices 

tenuistriatus 

tenuistriatus, Polinices 66, 97 

Terebella hesslei, see Baffinia hesslei 

Terebellides stroemi 23, 56, 89 

Terebratulina caput-serpensi, see 


144 

Terebratulina caput-serpensis, see 


Terebratulina retusa 69, 101 

Terebratulina septentrionalis 69, 101 

Teredo denticulata 69, 100 

teres, Philbertia, see Teretia teres 

teres, Teretia 67, 98 

Teretia amoena, see Neopotilla amoena 

Teretia teres 67, 98 

Terminoflustra membranaceo-truncata, 

see Chartella 

membranaceotruncata 

ternata, Tricellaria 72, 104 

terraenovae, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

polare 

Tessaradoma boreale 72, 104 

Tessarodoma gracile, see Tessaradoma 

boreale 

tesselatus, Monoculodes 62, 93 

tessellatus, Monoculodes, see 

Monoculodes tesselatus 

tessulata, Acmaea, see Tectura 

testudinalis 

testudinalis, Acmaea, see Tectura 

testudinalis 

testudinalis, Tectura 67, 98 

testudo, Cytheropteron 58, 90 

Tethya cranium, see Tetilla cranium 

Tethya polyura 48, 82 

Tethya sibirica 48, 82 

Tethyopsilla infrequens, see Tetilla 

infrequens 

Tethyopsilla zetlandica 48, 82 

Tethyum rhizopus, see Cnemidocarpa 

rhizopus 

Tetilla cranium 48, 82 

Tetilla infrequens 48, 82 

Tetrapoma quadridentata 49, 84 

Thais lapillus, see Nucella lapillus 

Thelepus cincinnatus 23, 56, 89 

Themisto abyssorum 63, 94 

Themisto compressa 63, 94 

Themisto libellula 63, 94 

Thenea levis 48, 82 

Thenea valdiviae 48, 82 

thompsoni, Trochostoma, see Molpadia 

borealis 

Thoracostoma denticaudatum 52, 85 

Thracia devexa 69, 100 

Thracia myopsis 69, 100 

Thracia septentrionalis 69, 100 

Thuiaria abietina, see Abietinaria 

abietina 

Thuiaria arctica 49, 84 

Thuiaria articulata 50, 84 

Thuiaria carica 50, 84 

Thuiaria cupressoides 50, 84 

Thuiaria decemserialis 50, 84 

Thuiaria laxa, see Dymella laxa 

Thuiaria lonchitis, see Thuiaria 


Thuiaria obsoleta 50, 84 

Thuiaria thuja 50, 84

Thuiaria variabilis 50, 84 

thuja, Thuiaria 50, 84 

thujarioides, Diphasia 48, 83 

thulensis, Proneomenia 41, 65, 95 

Thyasira cf. flexuosa, see Thyasira 

flexuosa 

Thyasira crouliensis, see Thyasira 

croulinensis 

Thyasira croulinensis 69, 100 

Thyasira dunbari 69, 100 

Thyasira equalis 69, 100 

Thyasira ferruginea 69, 100 

Thyasira ferruginosa, see Thyasira 

ferruginea 

Thyasira flexuosa 69, 100 

Thyasira gouldi 69, 100 

Thyasira sarsi 69, 100 

Thyonidium drummondi 74, 106 

Thyonidium hyalinum, see 


Thysanoessa inermis 64, 95 

Thysanoessa longicaudata 64, 95 

Thysanoessa raschi 64, 95 

Thysira flexuosa, see Thyasira flexuosa 

Tiaropsis multicirrata 50, 84 

Tiron acanthurus, see Tiron spiniferus 

Tiron spiniferum, see Tiron spiniferus 

Tiron spiniferus 63, 94 

Titanoderma pustulatum 45, 79 

Tmetonyx cicada 63, 94 

Tmetonyx gulosus 63, 94 

Tmetonyx similis 63, 94 

togatus, Colus, see Colus sabini 

Toichopoma obliqua 50, 84 

Toichopoma obliquum, see 

Toichopoma obliqua 

Tole libbeyi, see Iolella libbeyi 

Toledonia limnaeoides 68, 99 

Toledonia normani, see Ondina 

normani 

tomentosa, Chorda 43, 78 

tomentosoides, Laminariocolax 43, 78 

tomentosum, Haplosiphon, see Chorda 

tomentosa 

tomentosus, Halosiphon 43, 78 

Tonicella marmorea 23, 65, 95 

Tonicella rubra 23, 65, 95 

tophiforme, Lithothamnion 44, 79 

torelli, Amphipholis 74, 105 

torelli, Diplodonta 68, 100 

torelli, Macoma 68, 100 

torelli, Nemidia 55, 88 

torelli, Onoba 66, 97 

tortilis, Phloeospora, see Stictyosiphon 

tortilis 

tortilis, Stictyosiphon 44, 79 

tortuosa, Neptunea, see Colus holboelli 

tortuosum, Rhizoclonium 45, 80 

tortuosus, Colus, see Colus holboelli 

totteni, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

polare 

Trachydermon albus, see Ischnochiton 

albus 

Trachydermon ruber, see Tonicella 

rubra 

Tragosia sluiteri 48, 82 

translucidum, Amaroucium, see 

Aplidium glabrum 

Travisia forbesii 56, 89 

trevelliana, Bela, see Propebela 


trevelliana, Oenopota, see Propebela 


trevelyana, Curtitoma, see Propebela 


tricarinatus, Platysympus 60, 91 

Tricellaria gracilis 72, 104 

Tricellaria peachi 72, 104 

Tricellaria peschi, see Tricellaria 

peachi 

Tricellaria ternata 72, 104 

Trichasterina borealis 48, 82 

Trichobranchus glacialis 56, 89 

Trichostemma grimaldi 48, 82 

Trichostemma haemisphaericum 48, 82 

Trichotropis bicarinata tenuis 67, 98 

Trichotropis borealis 67, 98 

Trichotropis conica 67, 98 

Trichotropis kroeyeri 67, 98 

tricincta, Latrunculia 47, 81 

tricornis, Janira 64, 94 

tricuspidata, Sertularella, see 

Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus 

tricuspidatus, Symplectoscyphus 49, 84 

tricuspis, Gymnacanthus 76, 107 

tricuspis, Gymnocanthus, see 

Gymnacanthus tricuspis 

tridentata, Apherusa 61, 92 

tridentatus, Placostegus 56, 88 

Trididemnum tenerum 76, 107 

Tridonta borealis 69, 100 

Tridonta borealis, see Tridonta borealis 

Tridonta elliptica, see Astarte elliptica 

Tridonta montagui 69, 100 

trifolium, Amphiblestrum, see 


trifolium, Callopora, see 


trifolium, Membranipora, see 


Triglops murrayi 77, 108 

Triglops nybelini 77, 108 

Triglops pingeli 77, 108 

Trinchesia viridis, see Cuthona viridis 

triqueter, Pomatoceros 56, 89 

Trisopterus esmarki 77, 108 

trispinosa, Parasmitina, see 

Parasmittina trispinosa 

trispinosa, Parasmittina 71, 103 

trispinosa, Smittia, see Parasmittina 

trispinosa 

trispinosa, Smittina, see Parasmittina 

trispinosa 

Tritropis aculeata, see Rhachotropis 


Tritropis helleri, see Rhachotropis 

helleri 

145 

Trochoderma elegans 74, 106 

trochoide, Cyclostrema, see Skenea 

peterseni 

Trochostoma arctica, see Molpadia 

borealis 

Trochostoma boreale, see Molpadia 

borealis 

Trochostoma thompsoni, see Molpadia 

borealis 

troglodytes, Sagartia 51, 85 

tromsoeica, Haliclona 46, 81 

tromsoeica, Reniera, see Haliclona 

tromsoeica 

Trophon clathratus 67, 98 

Trophon fabricii 67, 98 

Trophon truncatus 67, 98 

Trophonia plumosa, see Pherusa 

plumosa 

Trophonopsis clathratus, see Trophon 


Trophonopsis truncatus, see Trophon 


Troschelia berniciensis 67, 98 

truncata, Coccotylus 44, 79 

truncata, Coronopora 70, 101 

truncata, Hymedesmia 47, 81 

truncata, Mya 23, 24, 68, 100 

truncata, Phyllophora 44, 79 

truncatula, Menestho 67, 99 

truncatum, Pseudomma 59, 91 

truncatus, Boreotrophon, see Trophon 


truncatus, Trophon 67, 98 

truncatus, Trophonopsis, see Trophon 


Tryphosa compressa, see Tryphosella 

compressa 

Tryphosa hoerringi, see Tryphosella 

horingi 

Tryphosa schneideri, see Tryphosella 

schneideri 

Tryphosa spitzbergensis, see 

Tryphosella spitzbergensis 

Tryphosella compressa 63, 94 

Tryphosella horingi 63, 94 

Tryphosella scheideri, see Tryphosella 

schneideri 

Tryphosella schneideri 63, 94 

Tryphosella spitzbergensis 63, 94 

tuberculata, Dulichia 61, 92 

tuberculata, Virgularia 51, 85 

tuberculatus, Monoculodes 62, 93 

tuberculatus, Robertsonites 58, 90 

Tubicellepora avicularis, see 


tubicola, Haploops 61, 92 

tubicola, Hyalinoecia 54, 87 

tubicola, Nereis, see Hyalinoecia 

tubicola 

Tubulanus annulatus 51, 85 

Tubularia christinae 50, 84 

Tubularia cornucopia 50, 84 

Tubularia dilitans, see Oncousoecia 

dilatans

Tubularia indivisa 50, 84 

Tubularia larynx 50, 84 

Tubularia regalis 50, 84 

Tubularia variabilis in Bonnevie, K. 

1899, see Tubularia indivisa 

Tubulipora aperta 72, 104 

Tubulipora flabellaris 72, 104 

Tubulipora liliacea 73, 104 

Tubulipora lucernaria, see Defrancia 

lucernaria 

tubulosa, Cylindroporella 70, 102 

tubulosa, Haliclona 46, 81 

tubulosa, Porina, see Cylindroporella 

tubulosa 

tubulosa, Reniera, see Haliclona 

tubulosa 

tubulosa, Sarsia 49, 83 

tullbergi, Apistobranchus 53, 86 

tumida, Nicippe 62, 93 

tumida, Poraniomorpha 73, 105 

tumidulum, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

hydrophanum 

tumidus, Aristias 61, 92 

tumidus, Rhegaster, see 

Poraniomorpha tumida 

Turbicellepora avicularis 73, 104 

Turbicellepora nodulosa 73, 104 

turbinatum, Sidnyum 75, 107 

turgens, Synoicum 76, 107 

turgida, Bythocythere 57, 90 

turgida, Spirontocaris, see 

Spirontocaris phippsii 

turgidulus, Colus 66, 96 

Turitella lactea, see Tachyrhynchus 

reticulatus 

Turnerella pennyi 45, 79 

turricula, Lora, see Oenopota turricula 

turricula, Oenopota 66, 97 

Turrisipho lachesis 67, 98 

Turrisipho voeringi 67, 98 

Turritella reticulata 67, 98 

Turritellopsis acicula, see 

Turritellopsis stimpsoni 

Turritellopsis stimpsoni 67, 98 

turtoni, Beringius 65, 96 

Turtonia minuta 69, 100 

Tylaster willei 73, 105 

Tylodesma rosea 48, 82 

Typhlotanais aequiremis 60, 91 

Typhlotanais finmarchicus 60, 91 

Typhlotanais variabilis 60, 91 

typica, Argissa, see Argissa hamatipes 

typica, Munnopsis 64, 94 

typichela, Esperiopsis 46, 81 

typicus, Pedicellaster 73, 105 

typicus, Platysympus 60, 91 

typicus, Spiochaetopterus 56, 89 

Typosyllis armillaris 56, 89 

Typosyllis cornuta, see Langerhansia 

cornuta 

Typosyllis fasciata 56, 89 

U 

uberrima, Polymastia 47, 82 

Ulothrix flacca 45, 80 

Ulothrix implexa 45, 80 

Ulothrix pseudoflacca, see Ulothrix 

flacca 

Ulothrix speciosa 45, 80 

Ulothrix subflaccida 45, 80 

Ulva compressa, see Enteromorpha 

intestinalis 

Ulva crassa 45, 80 

Ulva lactuca, see Ulvaria obscura 

Ulva latissima, see Ulva crassa 

Ulva palmatus, see Palmaria palmata 

Ulva percursa, see Percursaria percursa 

Ulva rigida, see Ulvaria obscura 

ulvaceum, Omphalophyllum 43, 78 

ulvae, Hydrobia 66, 96 

Ulvaria obscura 45, 80 

Ulvella lens 45, 80 

Umbellula encrinus 51, 85 

umbilicalis, Margarites 66, 97 

umbo, Lepidepecreum 62, 93 

Umbonula artica, see Arctonula arctica 

Umbonula patens 73, 104 

Unciola irrorata (Say) in Sars, 1885, 

see Unciola leucopis 

Unciola leucopis 63, 94 

Unciola petalocera 63, 94 

undata, Cytherura 58, 90 

undata, Limnaria, see Velutina undata 

undata, Semicytherura 58, 90 

undata, Velutina 67, 98 

undatum, Buccinum 65, 96 

undatum, Buccinum, see Buccinum 


undulatum, Buccinum, see Buccinum 

cyaneum 

unicornis var. armifera, Callopora, see 

Tegella armifera 

unicornis, Membraniopora, see Tegella 

unicornis 

unicornis, Membranipora, see Tegella 

unicornis 

unicornis, Schizoporella 72, 104 

unicornis, Tegella 72, 104 

unidentata, Odostomia 67, 99 

unilateralis, Dynamena, see Sertularia 

tenera 

uniplicata, Dendrodoa 75, 106 

uniplicata, Styela, see Dendrodoa 

uniplicata 

Urasterias linckii 73, 105 

urceolus, Haliclona 46, 81 

urceolus, Reniera, see Haliclona 

urceolus 

Urospora elaongata 45, 80 

Urospora pencilliformis 45, 80 

Urospora wormskioldii 45, 80 

Urticina crassicornis 51, 85 

Urticina equees 51, 85 

146 

Urticina felina 23, 51, 85 

ussovi, Hippodiplosia 71, 102 

Utriculus pertenuis, see Retusa obtusa 

utriculus, Grantia 46, 81 

uva, Walkeria 73, 104 

uvaeformis, Gersemia 50, 85 

uvaeformis, Paraspongoides, see 

Gersemia uvaeformis 

V 

vaginatum, Eudendrium 49, 83 

vahlii, Margarites 66, 97 

vahlii, Socarnes 63, 94 

valdiviae, Thenea 48, 82 

valvatus, Psolus, see Psolus squamatus 

vanelli, Eclysippe 53, 86 

vanhoffeni, Oikopleura 75, 106 

varia, Pilayella 43, 78 

varia, Pylaiella, see Pilayella littoralis 

variabile, Paradoxostoma 58, 90 

variabilis, Leucosolenia 47, 81 

variabilis, Plumularia 49, 83 

variabilis, Schizotricha 49, 83 

variabilis, Stylaxia 48, 82 

variabilis, Thuiaria 50, 84 

variabilis, Tubularia, see Tubularia 

indivisa 

variabilis, Typhlotanais 60, 91 

variarticulata, Barentsia 52, 85 

varicosa, Solariella 67, 98 

varius, Gellius 46, 81 

vega, Ampharete 53, 86 

velamentosa, Halichondria 46, 81 

Velutella plicatilis, see Velutina 

plicatilis 

Velutina insculpta 67, 98 

Velutina laevigata, see Velutina 

velutina 

Velutina lanigera 67, 98 

Velutina plicatilis 67, 98 

Velutina undata 67, 98 

Velutina velutina 67, 98 

velutina, Velutina 67, 98 

ventilabrum, Haliclona 46, 81 

ventilabrum, Phakellia 47, 82 

ventralis, Leptognathia 60, 91 

ventricosa, Escharella 71, 102 

ventricosa, Mucronella, see Escharella 

ventricosa 

ventricosa, Neptunea 66, 97 

ventrosa, Aega 63, 94 

venusta, Lanassa 54, 87 

venustula, Nicolea 55, 88 

verkruzeni, Colus 66, 96 

verkrützeni, Sipho, see Anomalosipho 

altus 

vermiculata, Bubaris 46, 81 

verrilli, Alvania 65, 95 

verrilli, Autolytus 53, 86 

Verruca stroemia 59, 91 

verruca, Bushiella 53, 86

verruca, Serpula, see Bushiella verruca 

verruca, Spirorbis, see Bushiella 

verruca 

verrucaria, Lichenopora 71, 103 

verrucosa, Coryphella 67, 98 

verrucosa, Flabellina, see Coryphella 

verrucosa 

verrucosa, Frondipora 71, 102 

verticillata, Campanularia, see 

Rhizocaulus verticillatus 

verticillata, Halicnemia 46, 81 

verticillatus, Rhizocaulus 49, 83 

Vertumnus cristatus, see 

Acanthonotozoma cristatum 

Vertumnus inflatus, see 

Acanthonotozoma inflatum 

Vertumnus serratus, see 

Acanthonotozoma serratum 

vesicarium, Catablema 48, 82 

vesiculosus, Fucus 43, 78 

vexillifer, Bathybiaster 73, 105 

villosa, Brada 53, 86 

villosa, Colga 67, 98 

villosa, Esperiopsis 46, 81 

villosa, Eucranta 54, 87 

villosa, Leptostylis 60, 91 

villosus, Mallotus 77, 107 

vincta, Lacuna 66, 96 

violacea, Bela, see Oenopota violacea 

violacea, Curtitoma, see Oenopota 

violacea 

violacea, Duva, see Capnella florida 

violacea, Macellicephala 55, 87 

violacea, Macellicephalia, see 

Macellicephala violacea 

violacea, Oenopota 66, 97 

violacea, Paradexiospira 55, 88 

violaceus, Spirorbis, see 

Paradexiospira violacea 

virens, Gadus, see Pollachius virens 

virens, Pollachius 77, 107 

virescenc, Eudesme 43, 78 

virgata, Sipho, see Anomalosipho altus 

virginea, Acmaea, see Tectura virginea 

virginea, Ascidia 75, 106 

virginea, Tectura 67, 98 

Virgularia tuberculata 51, 85 

viridis, Acrochaete 45, 79 

viridis, Cuthona 67, 99 

viridis, Desmarestia 43, 78 

viridis, Dichloria, see Desmarestia 

viridis 

viridis, Entocladia, see Acrochaete 

viridis 

viridis, Eulalia 54, 87 

viridis, Gymnelus 76, 107 

viridis, Trinchesia, see Cuthona viridis 

viridula, Admete 65, 95 

viridula, Bela, see Oenopota decussata 

vitrea, Edwardsia 50, 84 

vitrea, Lepralia, see Lepraliella 

contigua 

vitrea, Paradexiospira 55, 88 

vitreum, Dacrydium 68, 100 

vitreum, Eudistoma 75, 106 

vitreus, Myriotrochus 74, 106 

vitreus, Spirorbis, see Paradexiospira 

vitrea 

voeringi, Turrisipho 67, 98 

Voeringia capitata, see Paraspongodes 

capitata 

Voeringia dryopsis, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Voeringia mirabilis, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

Voeringia polaris, see Gersemia 

rubiformis 

volubilis, Campanularia 48, 82 

volubilis, Clytia, see Clytia 

hemisphaerica 

Volutomita groenlandica 67, 98 

Volutopsis norvegica (Chemnitz), see 


Volutopsis norwegicus, see 


Volutopsius deformis 67, 98 

Volutopsius norwegicus 67, 98 

Vosmaeria crustacea 48, 82 

W 

wahlbergi, Anaitides, see Paranaitis 

wahlbergi 

wahlbergi, Paranaitis 55, 88 

Waldheimia cranium, see Macandrevia 

cranium 

Walkeria uva 73, 104 

walteri, Lucernaria 50, 84 

warhami, Astarte, see Tridonta 

montagui 

watersi, Cribrilina 70, 102 

Westwoodilla brevicalcar 63, 94 

Westwoodilla caecula 63, 94 

Westwoodilla cf. caecula, see 

Westwoodilla caecula 

Weyprechtia heuglini 63, 94 

Weyprechtia pinguis 63, 94 

wigley, Spiophanes, see Spiophanes 

wigleyi 

wigleyi, Spiophanes 56, 89 

wilkitzkii, Gammarus 61, 92 

wilkitzkii, Lagunogammarus, see 

Gammarus wilkitzkii 

willei, Tylaster 73, 105 

wireni, Marenzelleria 55, 87 

wireni, Microspio, see Marenzelleria 

wireni 

wireni, Paraspio, see Marenzelleria 

wireni 

wireni, Sosanopsis 56, 89 

woodiana var. lechei, Bela, see 

Propebela woodiana 

woodiana, Bela, see Propebela 

woodiana 

woodiana, Defrancia, see Propebela 

woodiana 

147 

woodiana, Oenopota, see Propebela 

woodiana 

woodiana, Propebela 66, 98 

wormskioldii, Urospora 45, 80 

wyvillethompsoni, Punctulum, see 

Alvania wyvillethomsoni 

wyvillethomsoni, Alvania 65, 95

X 

Xestoleberis blumeli 58, 90 

Xestoleberis depressa 58, 90 

Y 

Yoldia hyperborea 69, 100 

yoldiaearcticae, Perigonimus 49, 83 

Yoldiella annenkovae 69, 100 

Yoldiella fraterna, see Yoldiella nana 

Yoldiella frigida 69, 100 

Yoldiella intermedia 69, 100 

Yoldiella lenticula 69, 100 

Yoldiella lucida 69, 100 

Yoldiella nana 69, 100 

Yoldiella persei, see Yoldiella 

propingua 

Yoldiella propingua 69, 101 

Yoldiella solidula 69, 101 

Yoldiella subaequilatera, see Yoldiella 

propingua 

yoldiaarcticae, Halitholus 49, 83 

Z 

zetlandica, Tethyopsilla 48, 82 

zetlandicum, Buccinum, see Buccinum 


zonata, Nereis 55, 88 

zostericola, Nicolea 55, 88 

zosterifolia, Petalonia 43, 78 

148

Distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms at Svalbard ...

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