Cold-water Corals - Lophelia.org

Cold-water Corals 

Online Appendix 

Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their 

junior synonyms and depth ranges 

Notes 

Type species of the genus indicated with an asterisk, valid species names in bold-type 

Eleven facultatively zooxanthellate species 

Taxa prefaced with a single square bracket are not valid species and thus are not counted 

Last revised September 2008 (Stephen D. Cairns) 

Suborder ASTROCOENIINA 

FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE Gray, 1842 

Madracis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 

*asperula Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 (facultative, H. Zibrowius, pers. comm..; 0-311 m) 

pharensis cf. pharensis (Heller, 1868) (facultative; 6-333 m) 

=M. cf. pharensis sensu Cairns, 1991: 6 (Galápagos, 30-343 m) 

=M. cf. pharensis sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 67 (Banda Sea, 85-421 m) 

asanoi Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936 (110-183 m) 

=M. palaoensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936 

kauaiensis Vaughan, 1907 (44-541 m) 

=singularis Rehberg, 1892 

=interjecta Marenzeller, 1907 

var. macrocalyx Vaughan, 1907 (160-260 m) 

hellana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 (46 m) 

myriaster (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (37-1220 m) 

=Stylophora mirabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

=Axohelia schrammii Pourtalès, 1874 

brueggemanni (Ridley, 1881) (51-130 m) 

=M. scotiae Gardiner, 1913 

profunda Zibrowius, 1980 (112-327 m) 

[sp. A 

=sensu Wells, 1954: 414 (Marshall I.) 

=cf. asperula, sensu Cairns, 1991: 5 (Galápagos, 46-64 m) 

=sensu Cairns & Keller, 1993:228 (SWIO, 62-160 m) 

=sensu Cairns, 1994: 36 (Japan, 46-110 m) 

=sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 67 (Philippines, 124-208 m) 

Suborder FUNGIINA 

Superfamily FUNGIOIDEA Dana, 1846 

FAMILY FUNGIACYATHIDAE Chevalier, 1987 

Fungiacyathus (F.) Sars, 1872 

*fragilis Sars, 1872 (200-2200 m) (not F. fragilis Keller, 1976 (junior homonym)) 

=Bathyactis hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 

paliferus (Alcock, 1902) (69-823 m) 

=Bathyactis kikaiensis Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 (fossil) 

=F. sp. sensu Zibrowius & Grygier, 1985 

stephanus (Alcock, 1893) (245-2000 m) 

pusillus pusillus (Pourtalès, 1868) (285-685 m) 

pusillus pacificus Cairns, 1995 (350-1050 m) 

1

multicarinatus Cairns, 1998 (348-350 m) 

sandoi Cairns, 1999 (77-600 m) 

[sp. A sensu Cairns 1994: 38 (Kurile I., 3175-4110 m) 

=F. paliferus sensu Keller, 1976 

Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) Moseley, 1881 

*symmetricus (Pourtalès, 1871) (183-1664 m) 

sibogae (Alcock, 1902) (463-1914 m) 

=Bathyactis stabilis Gardiner & Waugh, 1939 

marenzelleri (Vaughan, 1906) (1820-6328 m) 

=Bathytrochus hexagonus Gravier, 1915 

=F. symmetricus aleuticus Keller, 1976 

=F. symmetricus fragilis Keller, 1976 

=F. symmetricus durus Keller, 1976 

=F. sp a sensu Zibrowius & Grygier, 1985 

pseudostephanus Keller, 1976 (3840-5120 m) 

variegatus Cairns, 1989 (84-715 m) 

granulosus Cairns, 1989 (287-1050 m) 

turbinolioides Cairns, 1989 (600-930 m) 

hydra Zibrowius & Gili, 1990 (882-886 m) 

margaretae Cairns, 1995 (440-1175 m) 

pliciseptus Keller, 1981 (480 m) 

crispus (Pourtalès, 1871) (fragmenting species; 183-1115 m) 

dennanti Cairns & Parker, 1992 (fragmenting species; 190-770 m) 

fissilis Cairns, 1984 (fragmenting species; 212-503 m) 

fissidiscus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (fragmenting species; 282-287 m) 

FAMILY MICRABACIIDAE Vaughan, 1905 

Leptopenus Moseley, 1881 

*discus Moseley, 1881 (2842-5000 m) 

=L. irinae Keller, 1977 

hypocoelus Moseley, 1881 (3949 m) 

antarcticus Cairns, 1989 (2005-2897 m) 

solidus Keller, 1977 (2000-3250 m) 

[sp. A 

=sensu Cairns, 1989: 14 (Celebes, 871 m) 

=sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 73 (Banda Sea, 221-871 m) 

Letepsammia Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

*formosissima (Moseley, 1876) (97-500 m) 

superstes (Ortmann, 1888) (77-710 m) 

=Stephanophyllia japonica Yabe & Eguchi, 1934 

franki Owens, 1994 (50-650 m) 

fissilis Cairns, 1995 (106-458 m) 

=Letepsammia sp. sensu Squires, 1964 

Stephanophyllia Michelin, 1841 

complicata Moseley, 1876 (73-700 m) 

fungulus Alcock, 1902 (15-653 m) 

neglecta Boschma, 1923 (49-555 m) 

Rhombopsammia Owens, 1986 

*squiresi Owens, 1986 (622-1401 m) 

niphada Owens, 1986 (390-804 m) 

2

Suborder FAVIINA 

Superfamily Favioidea 

FAMILY RHIZANGIIDAE d'Orbigny, 1851 

Culicia Dana, 1846 

*stellata Dana, 1846 (0-100 m) 

=C. truncata Dana, 1846 

=C. japonica Yabe & Eguchi, 1936 

rubeola (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (0-82 m) 

=Cylicia huttoni Tenison-Woods, 1878 

tenella tenella Dana, 1846 (30 m) 

tenella natalensis (Duncan, 1876) 

hoffmeisteri Squires, 1966 (0-51 m) 

australiensis Hoffmeister, 1933 (3-378 m) 

=C. sp. sensu Veron, 1986 

quinaria (Tenison-Woods, 1878) (0.5-30 m) 

smithii (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (shallow) 

fragilis Chevalier, 1971 (14-20 m) 

excavata (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (shallow) 

cuticulata (Klunzinger, 1879) (unknown, but shallow) 

tenuisepes Ogawa, Takahashi & Sakai, 1997 (0.5-1.5 m) 

subaustraliensis Ogawa, Takahashi & Sakai, 1997 (shallow) 

rachelfitzhardingeae Cairns, 2006 (2 m) 

[verreauxii (ME & H, 1849) sp. dub. (see Cairns, 2004: 319, New Zealand; unknown depth) 

Astrangia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (facultative, 0-263 m) 

=*A.michelinii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=A. danae Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 

=A. astreiformis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 

=A. danae Agassiz, 1850 

=A. edwardsii Verrill, 1866 

browni Palmer, 1928 (0-5 m) 

conferta Verrill, 1870 (9-33 m) 

equatorialis Durham & Barnard, 1952 (0-15 m) 

=A. gardinerensis Durham & Barnard, 1952 

haimei Verrill, 1866 (1-53 m) 

=A. concinna Verrill, 1866 

=A. pulchella Verrill, 1866 

=A. pedersenii Verrill, 1870 

=A. oaxacensis Palmer, 1928 

=A. lajollaensis Durham, 1947 

=A. caboensis Durham, 1947 

=A. concepcionensis Durham, 1947 

=A. coronadoensis Durham, 1947 (Pleistocene and Recent) 

=A. santelmoensis Durham, 1947 (Pleistocene) 

=A. cortezi Durham & Barnard, 1952 

=A. hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952 

=A. sanfilipensis Durham & Barnard, 1952 

rathbuni Vaughan, 1906 (5-90 m) 

solitaria (Leseuer, 1817) (0-51 m) 

=A. neglecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

=A. granulata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

3

=A. minuta Duncan, 1876 

=A. epithecata Duncan, 1876 

=A. solitaria portoricensis Vaughan, 1901 

=A. brasiliensis Vaughan, 1906 

woodsi Wells, 1955 (18 m) 

atrata (Dennant, 1906) (3-51 m) 

californica Durham & Barnard, 1952 (29 m) 

=A. tangolaensis Durham, 1949 

costata Verrill, 1866 (11-31 m) 

howardi Durham & Barnard, 1952 (54-91 m) 

dentata Verrill, 1866 (0-15 m) 

macrodentata Thiel, 1940 (shallow) 

mercatoris Thiel, 1941 (3-6 m) 

Oulangia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*stokesiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (1-22 m) 

var. miltoni Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (0-135 m) 

bradleyi (Verrill, 1866) (0-64 m) 

cyathiformis Chevalier, 1971 (10-20 m) 

Cladangia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 

*exusta Lütken, 1873 (20 m) 

FAMILY OCULINIDAE Gray, 1847 

OCULININAE Gray, 1847 

Oculina Lamarck, 1816 

profunda Cairns, 1991 (119-742 m) 

=Oculinidarium sp. sensu Marenzeller, 1904 

tenella Pourtalès, 1871 (possibly facultative; 25-159 m) 

varicosa Leseuer, 1821 (facultative; 5-128 m) 

diffusa Lamarck, 1816 (facultative, re: Humann, 1993; 0-25 m) 

virgosa Squires, 1958 (29-1050 m) 

Petrophyllia (=Archohelia) Conrad, 1855 

rediviva (Wells & Alderslade, 1979) (0-7 m) 

Sclerhelia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 

*hirtella (Pallas, 1766) (18-165 m) 

=S. dubia Nemenzo, 1980 

Bathelia Moseley, 1881 

*candida Moseley, 1881 (500-1250 m) 

Cyathelia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 

*axillaris (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (12-366 m) 

Madrepora Linnaeus, 1758 (=Neohelia Moseley, 1881) 

*oculata Linnaeus, 1758 (55-1950 m) 

=Amphelia venusta Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850: 86 

=Lophohelia tenuis Moseley, 1881 

=Lophohelia candida Moseley, 1881 

=Cyathohelia formosa Alcock, 1898 

=Lophohelia investigatoris Alcock, 1898 

=Amphihelia moresbyi Alcock, 1898 (see Zibrowius, 1974) 

=M. galapagensis Vaughan, 1906 

=M. kauaiensis Vaughan, 1907 

=M. alcocki Faustino, 1927: 106 (unnecessary replacement name) 

=M. vitiae Squires & Keyes, 1967 

4

carolina (Pourtalès, 1871) (53-801 m) 

=Lophohelia exigua Pourtalès, 1871 

arbuscula (Moseley, 1881) (212-658 m) 

minutiseptum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (150-302 m) 

porcellana (Moseley, 1881) (pentameral; 55-516 m) 

[cf. porcellana Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 84 (hexameral; Indonesia, 55-238 m) 

FAMILY ANTHEMIPHYLLIIDAE Vaughan, 1907 

Anthemiphyllia Pourtalès, 1878 

*patera patera Pourtalès, 1878 (500-700 m) 

patera costata Cairns, 1999 (320-700 m) 

spinifera Cairns, 1999 (282-650 m) 

multidentata Cairns, 1999 (128-270 m) 

macrolobata Cairns, 1999 (369-650 m) 

dentata (Alcock, 1902) (50-1050 m) 

=Discotrochus investigatoris Alcock, 1893 (has priority if synonymous) 

pacifica Vaughan, 1907 (205-342 m) 

frustum Cairns, 1994 (209-340 m) 

Suborder CARYOPHYLLIINA 

Superfamily CARYOPHYLLIOIDEA Dana, 1846 

FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE Dana, 1846 

Caryophyllia (C.) Lamarck, 1801 

Attached Caryophyllia: 

*cyathus (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (70-300 m) 

=Madrepora calendula Hermann, 1782 

=Madrepora anthophyllum Esper, 1791 

berteriana Duchassaing, 1850 (91-1033 m) 

=C. formosa Pourtalès, 1867 

crypta Cairns, 2000 (12-183 m) 

polygona Pourtalès, 1878 (700-1817 m) 

horologium Cairns, 1977 (55-175 m) 

corrugata Cairns, 1979 (183-380 m) 

calveri Duncan, 1873 (91-340 m) 

=Cyathina pezita Ehrenberg, 1834 

=C. electrica Milne Edwards, 1881 

[cf. calveri Duncan, 1873, sensu Cairns, 1999: 73 (Vanuatu, 558-602 m) 

diomedeae Marenzeller, 1904 (225-2200 m) 

sarsiae Zibrowius, 1974 (520-2200 m) 

=C. sp. sensu Zibrowius, 1974 

alberti Zibrowius, 1980 (76-506 m) 

secta Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (transverse division; 220-366 m) 

abrupta Cairns, 1999 (transverse division; 300-650 m) 

stellula Cairns, 1998 (166-420 m) 

=C. epithecata of Gardiner, 1904 

balaenacea Zibrowius & Gili, 1990 (882-1112 m) 

atlantica (Duncan, 1873) 298-2165 m) 

=C. laevicostata Moseley, 1881 

=C. panda Alcock, 1902 

=C. alcocki Vaughan, 1907 

=C. pacifica Keller, 1981 

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antarctica Marenzeller, 1904 (87-1435 m) 

arnoldi Vaughan, 1900 (40-656 m) 

alaskensis Vaughan, 1941 (102-399 m) 

=C. sp. A sensu Cairns, 1994: 21 

lamellifera Moseley, 1881 (89-1152 m) 

japonica Marenzeller, 1888 (77-1680 m) 

ephyala Alcock, 1891 (420 m) 

crosnieri Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (nom. nov.; 133-1050 m) 

=C. elongata Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993, not C. clavus var. elongata Duncan, 1873 

cincticulatus (Alcock, 1898) (384 m) 

inornata (Duncan, 1878) (0-100 m) 

=Coenocyathus giesbrechti Doderlein, 1913 

=Coenocyathus dohrni Doderlein, 1913 

ralphae Cairns, 1995 (315-360 m) 

eltaninae Cairns, 1982 (101-814 m) 

profunda Moseley, 1881 (35-1116 m) 

paucipalata Moseley, 1881 (714-843 m) 

barbadensis Cairns, 1979 (129-249 m) 

rugosa Moseley, 1881 (71-581 m) 

=C. paraoctopali Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

octopali Vaughan, 1907 (457-627 m) 

=C. octopali var. incerta Vaughan, 1907 

marmorea Cairns, 1984 (331-500 m) 

octonaria Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (182-622 m) 

antillarum Pourtalès, 1874 (150-730 m) 

zopyros Cairns, 1979 (73-618 m) 

abyssorum Duncan, 1873 (732-2000 m) 

=Caryophyllia inskipi Duncan, 1873 

=Caryophyllia vermiformis Duncan, 1873 

perculta Cairns, 1991 (54-316 m) 

hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 (85-650 m) 

quadragenaria Alcock, 1902 (54-440 m) 

=C. scobinosa decapali Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

solida Cairns, 1991 (373-488 m) 

smithii Stokes & Broderip, 1828 (40-400 m) 

=Turbinolia borealis Fleming, 1828 

=Caryophyllia clavus Scacchi, 1835 

=Cyathina turbinata Philippi, 1836 

=Caryophyllia pseudoturbinolia Michelin, 1841 

=Paracyathus taxilianus Gosse, 1860 

=Paracyathus thulensis Gosse, 1860 

=Paracyathus pteropus Gosse, 1860 

=C. smithii var. castanea Gosse, 1860 

=C. smithii var. esmeralda Gosse, 1860 

=C. smithii var. clara Gosse, 1860 

=C. clavus var. elongata Duncan, 1873 

=C. clavus var. exserta Duncan, 1873 

=C. clavus var. epithecata Duncan, 1873 

=Paracyathus monilis Duncan, 1878 

=Paracyathus humilis Duncan, 1878 (junior homonym of P. humilis Verrill, 1870) 

foresti Zibrowius, 1980 (155-950 m) 

6

paradoxus Alcock, 1898 (786 m) 

jogashimaensis Eguchi, 1968 (52-98 m) 

transversalis Moseley, 1881 (210-397 m) 

corona Duchassaing, 1870 (Antilles, 60 m) 

protei Duchassaing 1870 (Antilles, 100 m) 

[sp. A sensu Seig & Zibrowius, 1989: 190 (New Caledonia, 570-610 m) 

[sp. B sensu Seig & Zibrowius, 1989: 190 (New Caledonia, 825-860 m) 

Unattached Caryophyllia: 

scobinosa Alcock, 1902 (302-2450 m) 

=C. cultrifera Alcock, 1902 

=C. sp. B sensu Seig & Zibrowius, 1989 (New Caledonia) 

cornulum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (1525-2603 m) 

squiresi Cairns, 1982 (406-659 m) 

=C. sp. A sensu Squires, 1969 

grandis Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (183-596 m) 

mabahithi Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (278-1022 m) 

sewelli Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (366 m) 

valdiviae Zibrowius & Gili, 1990 (882-2670 m) 

ambrosia ambrosia Alcock, 1898 (311-1230 m) 

=C. scillaemorpha Alcock, 1894 

ambrosia caribbeana Cairns, 1979 (183-1646 m) 

seguenzae Duncan, 1873 (1000-1400 m) 

planilamellata Dennant, 1906 (128-1220 m) 

huinayensis Cairns, Haussermann & Försterra, 2005 (16-256 m) 

[paucipaliata Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 (fossil) 

=paucipaliata Yabe & Eguchi, 1932: 443 (nom. nud., not C. paucipalata Moseley, 1881) 

Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*grayi (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (spined; 37-360 m) 

spinigera Saville Kent, 1871 (spined; 127-347 m) 

dentata (Moseley, 1881) (spined; 90-263 m) 

quangdongensis Zou, 1984 (spined; 167-179 m) 

spinicarens (Moseley, 1881) (222-750 m) 

zanzibarensis Zou, 1984 (nom. nov.) (238-302 m) 

=C. compressus of Gardiner & Waugh, 1938, not =C. compressa Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

decamera Cairns, 1998 (spined; 124-263 m) 

karubarica Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (389-477 m) 

unicristata Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (251-477 m) 

Premocyathus Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

*dentiformis (Alcock, 1902) (22-960 m) 

=Caryophyllia compressa Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (nom. nud.) 

=Premocyathus compressus Yabe & Eguchi, 1942, not C. compressa Gardiner & Waugh, 

1938 =C. (A.) zanzibarensis Zou, 1984, nom. nov. 

=Caryophyllia ceratoconus Hu, 1987 

cornuformis (Pourtalès, 1868) (137-2360 m) 

=Caryophyllia pourtalesi Duncan, 1873 

Coenocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*cylindricus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (65-500 m) 

=Coenocyathus lobatus Chevalier, 1966 

anthophyllites Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (65-250 m) 

bowersi Vaughan, 1906 (9-302 m) 

brooki Cairns, 1995 (7-95 m) 

7

caribbeana Cairns, 2000 (5-100 m) 

goreaui Wells, 1972 (octameral; 2-6 m) 

humanni Cairns, 2000 (21 m) 

parvulus (Cairns, 1979) (97-399 m) 

Bathycyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*chilensis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (26-420 m) 

=B. indicus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

Crispatotrochus Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*cornu (Moseley, 1881) (220-1097 m) 

rubescens (Moseley, 1881) (110-634 m) 

=Cyathoceras tydemani Alcock, 1902 

=Cyathoceras diomedeae Vaughan, 1907 

niinoi (Yabe & Eguchi, 1942) (104 m) 

foxi (Durham & Barnard, 1952) (82-272 m) 

irregularis (Cairns, 1982) (549 m) 

inornatus Tenison-Woods, 1878 (120-400 m) 

woodsi (Wells, 1964) (77-87 m) 

squiresi (Cairns, 1979) (686-822 m) 

=Aulocyathus sp. sensu Squires, 1959 

galapagensis Cairns, 1991 (84-806 m) 

curvatus Cairns, 1995 (1373-2505 m) 

=Gardineria sp. sensu Gardiner, 1929 

rugosus Cairns, 1995 (142-1050 m) 

gregarius Cairns, 2004 (460 m) 

[sp. A sensu Cairns, 1982: 22 (Eltanin Fracture Zone, 2305-2329 m) 

[cf. cornu sensu Cairns 1979: 67 (western Atlantic, 220-241 m) 

Labyrinthocyathus Cairns, 1979 

*langae Cairns, 1979: 341 (695-810 m) 

=L. langi (sic) Cairns, 1979 

limatulus (Squires, 1964) (20-508 m) 

=Ceratotrochus japonicus Eguchi, 1968 

delicatus (Marenzeller, 1904) (155-1000 m) 

=L. sp. sensu Cairns, 1979: pl. 11, fig. 10-11 

quaylei (Durham, 1947) (37-293 m) 

facetus Cairns, 1979 (385-402 m) 

[sp. A 

=sensu Cairns, 1995: 58 (New Zealand, 665-1000 m) 

=sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 104 (Indonesia, 210-268 m) 

Monohedotrochus Kitahara & Cairns, 2005 

*capitolii Kitahara & Cairns, 2005 (150-1200 m) 

circularis (Cairns, 1998) (190-545 m) 

epithecatus (Cairns, 1999) (240-455 m) 

Concentrotheca Cairns, 1979 

*laevigata (Pourtalès, 1871) (183-772 m) 

vaughani Cairns, 1991 (313-316 m) 

Ceratotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

magnaghii Cecchini, 1914 (7-400 m) 

franciscana Durham & Barnard, 1952 (79-80 m) 

“Ceratotrochus” laxus Vaughan, 1907 (583-678 m) 

Nomlandia Durham & Barnard, 1952 

*californica Durham & Barnard, 1952 (82 m) 

8

Trochocyathus (T.) Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874 (55-700 m) 

=Montlivaultia poculum Pourtalès, 1878 

=Paracyathus laxus Pourtalès, 1880 

[rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874, sensu Gardiner 1904 (S. Africa, unknown depth) 

=cf. rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874, sensu Cairns & Keller, 1993: 241 (SWIO, 560-620 m) 

fossulus Cairns, 1979 (205-775 m) 

fasciatus Cairns, 1979 (238 m) 

laboreli Cairns, 2000 (130-240 m) 

caryophylloides Alcock, 1902 (115-344 m) 

japonicus Eguchi, 1968 (150-450 m) 

=Ceratotrochus jogashimaensis Eguchi, 1968 

decamera Cairns, 1994 (70-88 m) 

rhombocolumna Alcock, 1902 (110-530 m) 

=Paracyathus tenuicalyx Vaughan, 1907 

oahensis Vaughan, 1907 (75-571 m) 

aithoseptatus Cairns, 1984 (371-454 m) 

mauiensis (Vaughan, 1907) (174-278 m) 

vasiformis Bourne, 1903 (323-650 m) 

philippinensis Semper, 1872 (54-330 m) 

semperi Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (38-245 m) 

gordoni Cairns, 1995 (398-710 m) 

maculatus Cairns, 1995 (77-550 m) 

=T. cavatus Alcock, 1902 

spinosocostatus Zibrowius, 1980 (1575-1650 m) 

burchae (Cairns, 1984) (35-144 m) 

apertus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (20-230 m) 

porphyreus (Alcock, 1893) (shallow) 

cooperi (Gardiner, 1905) (25-100 m) 

=T. weberi Alcock, 1902 

gardineri (Vaughan, 1907) (274-470 m) 

cepulla Cairns, 1995 (398-610 m) 

=Trochocyathus sp. sensu Seig & Zibrowius, 1989 

discus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (240-700 m) 

efateensis Cairns, 1999 (391-437 m) 

patelliformis Cairns, 1999 (1010-1250 m) 

wellsi Cairns, 2004 (75-86 m) 

[sp. A sensu Cairns & Keller, 1993: 240 (SWIO, 74-315 m) 

Trochocyathus (Aplocyathus) Orbigny, 1849 

hastatus Bourne, 1903 (366-710 m) 

brevispina Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (240-560 m) 

longispina Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (326-760 m) 

Tethocyathus Kühn, 1933 

cylindraceus (Pourtalès, 1868) (183-649 m) 

=Trochocyathus sp. sensu Gardiner, 1929 

prahli Lattig & Cairns, 2000 (303-333 m) 

recurvatus (Pourtalès, 1878) (320-569 m) 

variabilis Cairns, 1979 (250-860 m) 

virgatus (Alcock, 1902) (137-1200 m) 

minor (Gardiner, 1899) (73 m) 

endesa Cairns, Haussermann & Försterra, 2005 (15-240 m) 

9

Paracyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 [Rhizangiidae sensu Best (1987)] 

pulchellus (Philippi, 1842) (17-1260 m) 

=Cyathina striata Philippi, 1842 

=P. confertus Pourtalès, 1868 

=Caryophyllia sinuosa Duchassaing, 1870 

=P. agassizii Duncan, 1873 

=P. insignis Duncan, 1878 

=P. africanus Duncan, 1878 

=P. costatus Duncan, 1878 

=P. defilippi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

arcuatus Lindström, 1877 (201-343 m) 

stearnsii Verrill, 1869 (20-134 m) 

=P. caltha Verrill, 1869 (sic) 

=P. tiburonensis Durham, 1947 

montereyensis Durham, 1947 (75-146 m) 

humilis Verrill, 1870 (23-104 m) 

coronatus Duncan, 1876 (unknown depth) 

pruinosus Alcock, 1902 (150 m) 

molokensis Vaughan, 1907 (161-260 m) 

conceptus Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (229-805 m) 

stokesii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (unknown depth) 

parvulus Gardiner, 1899 (73 m) 

lifuensis Gardiner, 1899 (73 m) 

rotundatus Semper, 1872 (18-66 m) 

=P. caeruleus Duncan, 1889 

=P. merguiensis Duncan 1889 

indicus indicus Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

indicus gracilis Alcock, 1893 (unknown depth) 

cavatus Alcock, 1893 (unknown depth) 

fulvus Alcock, 1893 (350-433 m) 

andersoni Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

profundus Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

persicus Duncan, 1876: 431 (less than 50 m) 

ebonensis Verrill, 1866: 40 (unknown depth) 

porcellanus Verrill, 1866: 40 (unknown depth) 

darwinensis Cairns, 2004 (0-26 m) 

“Paracyathus” vittatus Dennant, 1906 (31 m) 

[sp. Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 116 (Banda Sea, 90-397 m) 

=P. defilippi sensu Moseley, 1881 

[sp. sensu Zibrowius, 1974: 766 (Amsterdam I., 80-100 m) 

Polycyathus Duncan, 1876 [=Rhizangiidae sensu Best (1987)] 

*atlanticus Duncan, 1876 (unknown depth) 

=Agelecyathus helenae Duncan, 1876 

=A. helenae var. minor Duncan, 1876 

mayae Cairns, 2000 (137-309 m) 

fuscomarginatus (Klunzinger, 1879) (unknown depth) 

fulvus Wijsman-Best, 1970 (30-50 m) 

hodgsoni Verheij & Best, 1987 (0-35 m) 

marigondoni Verheij & Best, 1987 (35 m) 

furanaensis Verheij & Best, 1987 (6-52 m) 

hondaensis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) (55-64 m) 

10

isabela Wells, 1982 (14-23 m) 

muellerae (Abel, 1959) (0-30 m) 

=Polycyathus banyulensis Best, 1968 

=Polycyathus mediterraneus Best, 1968 

palifera (Verrill, 1869) (“reef” depth) 

senegalensis Chevalier, 1966 (12-143 m) 

verrilli Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

andamanensis Alcock, 1893 (unknown depth) 

difficilis Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

persicus (Duncan, 1876: 434) (shallow) 

norfolkensis Cairns, 1995 (10-20 m) 

octuplus Cairns, 1999 (90-441 m) 

Cladocora Ehrenberg, 1834 

debilis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 (28-480 m) 

=C. patriarca Pourtalès, 1874 

=C. paulmayeri Doderlein, 1913 

pacifica Cairns, 1991 (45-274 m) 

Bourneotrochus Wells, 1984 

stellulatus (Cairns, 1984) (210-566 m) 

=*B. veroni Wells, 1984 

Stephanocyathus (S.) Seguenza, 1864 

diadema (Moseley, 1876) (795-2553 m) 

=Ceratotrochus discoides Moseley, 1876 

paliferus Cairns, 1977 (220-715 m) 

laevifundus Cairns, 1977 (300-1158 m) 

moseleyanus (Sclater, 1886) (1000-2000 m) 

=Sabinotrochus apertus Gravier, 1920 

crassus (Jourdan, 1895) (400-1557 m) 

platypus (Moseley, 1876) (439-1219 m) 

=S. sp. sensu Squires & Ralph, 1965 and Squires & Keyes, 1967 

regius Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (563-2160 m) 

imperialis Cairns, 2004 (2436-2474 m) 

[bipatella (Alcock, 1902) (a juvenile specimen of an unknown species;) 

[sp. sensu Cairns & Parker, 1992: 26 (Tasmania, 520 m) 

Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) Moseley, 1881 

*coronatus (Pourtalès, 1867) (543-1989 m) 

=Sabinotrochus flatiliseptis Alcock, 1902 

=S. (O.) sp. sensu Keller, 1975 

weberianus (Alcock, 1902) (700-1500 m) 

=Stephanotrochus sibogae Alcock, 1902 

=S. ixine Squires, 1958 (in part) 

nobilis (Moseley in Thompson, 1873) (609-2200 m) 

=Stephanotrochus nitens Alcock, in Wood Mason & Alcock, 1891 

=Stephanotrochus oldhami Alcock, 1894 

=Sabinotrochus opulens Gravier, 1915 

campaniformis (Marenzeller, 1904) (882-1610 m) 

Stephanocyathus (Acinocyathus) Wells, 1984 

*spiniger (Marenzeller, 1888) (120-1188 m) 

=Stephanotrochus tatei Dennant, 1899 (fossil) 

=Odontocyathus sexradii Alcock, 1902 

=Odontocyathus stella Alcock, 1902 

11

=Odontocyathus coloradus Smith, 1913 (fossil) 

=Odontocyathus japonicus Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (fossil) 

explanans (Marenzeller, 1904) (180-1016 m) 

Vaughanella Gravier, 1915 

*margaritata (Jourdan, 1895) (1267 m) 

concinna Gravier, 1915 (500-3018 m) 

oreophila Keller, 1981 (646-1050 m) 

multipalifera Cairns, 1995 (920-3500 m) 

Ericiocyathus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*echinatus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (814-1401 m) 

Deltocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*italicus (Michelotti, 1838) (403-2634 m) 

=D. conicus Zibrowius, 1980 

agassizii Pourtalès, 1867 (494-1115 m) 

calcar Pourtalès, 1874 (81-675 m) 

eccentricus Cairns, 1979 (183-1000 m) 

moseleyi Cairns, 1979 (200-1372 m) 

pourtalesi Cairns, 1979 (311-567 m) 

magnificus Moseley, 1876 (88-1500 m) 

=Fungiacyathus sp. sensu Veron, 1986 

andamanicus Alcock, 1898 (187-397 m) 

rotulus (Alcock, 1898) (210-1300 m) 

=D. fragilis Alcock, 1902 

murrayi Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (1948-2312 m) 

varians Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 (655-732 m) 

sarsi (Gardiner & Waugh, 1938) (44-80 m) 

nascornatus (Gardiner & Waugh, 1938) (73-2000 m) 

suluensis Alcock, 1902 (142-1050 m) 

=D. formosus Cairns, 1995 

vaughani Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (nom. nov.) (88-1097 m) 

=Levipalifer orientalis Vaughan, 1900, not D. orientalis Duncan, 1876 

parvulus Keller, 1982 (1940-5080 m) 

ornatus Gardiner, 1899 (73-360 m) 

heteroclitus Wells, 1984 (208-335 m) 

philippinensis Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (342-522 m) 

stella Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (206-597 m) 

halianthus (Lindström, 1877) (46-130 m) 

corrugatus Cairns, 1999 (280-390 m) 

crassiseptum Cairns, 1999 (413-536 m) 

cameratus Cairns, 1999 (305-1175 m) 

taiwanicus Hu, 1987 (320-697 m) 

[sp. A sensu Cairns & Keller, 1993: 245 (SWIO, 207-315 m) 

[sp. sensu Zibrowius, 1974: 756 (Amsterdam I., 496-2278 m) 

Heterocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*aequicostatus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (facultative; 0-20 m) 

=H. roussaeanus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Stephanoseris lamellosa Verrill, 1865: 149 (1865 is correct) 

=H. philippinensis Semper, 1872 

=H. oblongatus Rehberg, 1892 

=H. wood-masoni Alcock, 1893 

=Stephanoseris carthausi Felix, 1913 

12

=H. a. delicatus Sakakura, 1935 

=H. elongatus Hu, 1987 (Pleistocene) 

japonicus (Verrill, 1866: 47) (see Zibrowius, 1998: 321; 0-20 m) 

=H. mai Cheng, 1971 

alternatus Verrill, 1865: 149 (facultative; 0-319 m) 

=H. parasiticus Semper, 1872 

=H. heterocostatus Harrison, 1911 

sulcatus (Verrill, 1866: 48) (facultative; 11-312 m) 

=Psammoseris cycliciodes Tenison-Woods, 1879 

=H. pulchellus Rehberg, 1892 

=Homophyllia incrustans Dennant, 1906 

hemisphaericus Gray, 1849 (2-140 m) 

=Spongiocyathus typicus Folkeson, 1919 

Conotrochus Seguenza, 1864 

brunneus (Moseley, 1881) (97-1051 m) 

=Phloeocyathus hospes Alcock, 1902 

funicolumna (Alcock, 1902) (80-1078 m) 

=Ceratotrochus hiugaensis Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

=Ceratotrochus parahispidus Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

asymmetros Cairns, 1999 (210-510 m) 

Lochmaeotrochus Alcock, 1902 

*oculeus Alcock, 1902 (240-616 m) 

gardineri Cairns, 1999 (608-1175 m) 

Paraconotrochus Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*zeidleri Cairns & Parker, 1992 (304-558 m) 

=Cyathoceras sp. sensu Veron, 1986 

antarctica (Gardiner, 1929) (87-728 m) 

=Flabellum sp. sensu Pax, 1910 

=Caryophyllia sp. sensu Gravier, 1914 

=Gardineria lilliei Gardiner, 1929 

capense (Gardiner, 1904) (59 m) 

Aulocyathus Marenzeller, 1904 

*juvenescens Marenzeller, 1904 (182-463 m) 

recidivus (Dennant, 1906) (128-1137 m) 

atlanticus Zibrowius, 1980 (450-1716 m) 

matricidus (S.-Kent, 1871) (84-207 m) 

=Fragilocyathus controchoides Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

=elongatus Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 (fossil) 

Desmophyllum Ehrenberg, 1834 

*dianthus (Esper, 1794) (8-2460 m) 

=Desmophyllum cristagalli Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Desmophyllum costatum Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=D. cumingii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

= D. reflexum Duch. & Mich., 1860 

=Thalassiotrochus telegraphicus Milne Edwards, 1861 (see Zibrowius, 1980: 206) 

=D. ingens Moseley, 1881 

=D. capense Gardiner, 1904 

=D. serpuliforme Gravier, 1915 

quinarium Tenison-Woods, 1879: 18 (37 m) 

striatum Cairns, 1979 (277-823 m) 

Thalamophyllia Duchassaing, 1870 

13

*riisei (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (nom. correct: from rusei; 4-914 m) 

=Desmophyllum simplex Verrill, 1870 

=Desmophyllum solidum Pourtalès, 1871 

tenuescens (Gardiner, 1899) (8-360 m) 

gasti (Doderlein, 1913) (13-200 m) 

gombergi Cairns, 1979 (188-220 m) 

Dactylotrochus Wells, 1954 

*cervicornis (Moseley, 1881) (73-400 m) 

=Tridacophyllia primordialis Gardiner, 1899 

Hoplangia Gosse, 1860 

*durotrix Gosse, 1860 (0-150 m) 

=Gemmulatrochus simplex Duncan, 1878 

=Microcyathus neapolitanus Doderlein, 1913 

Oxysmilia Duchassaing, 1870 

*rotundifolia (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (46-640 m) 

=Desmophyllum incertum Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

=Lophosmilia urena Duchassaing, 1870 

=Parasmilia punctata Lindström, 1877 

=Cyathoceras portoricensis Vaughan, 1901 

corrugata Cairns, 1999 (180-190 m) 

Phyllangia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*americana americana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 (0-53 m) 

=Syndapas Gouldii Lyman, 1857 

=Stellangia reptans Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 

=Astrangia phyllangioides Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 

=Coenocyathus apertus Doderlein, 1913 

=P. americana nazensis Chevalier, 1966 

americana mouchezii (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897) (1-55 m) 

pequegnatae Cairns, 2000 (48-112 m) 

consagensis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) (0-82 m) 

=Lophosmilia wellsi Durham & Barnard, 1952 

dispersa Verrill, 1864: 47 (shallow, less than 50 m) 

papuensis Studer, 1878 (88-100 m) 

=Blastomussa lawtoni Nemenzo, 1988 

hayamaensis (Eguchi, 1968) (5 m) 

granulata Koch, 1886 (unknown depth) 

echinosepes Ogawa, Takahashi & Sakai, 1997 (90 m) 

Colangia Pourtalès, 1871 

*immersa Pourtalès, 1871 (1-347 m) 

jamaicaensis Cairns, 2000 (10-20 m) 

multipalifera Cairns, 2000 (20 m) 

moseleyi (Faustino, 1927) (nom. nov, see Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 137; 18-54 m) 

=Cladocora conferta Moseley, 1881, not Caryophyllia conferta Dana, 1846 (junior 

secondary homonym) 

Rhizosmilia Cairns, 1978 

*gerdae Cairns, 1978 (123-549 m) 

maculata (Pourtalès, 1874) (1-508 m) 

=Coenocyathus bartschi Wells, 1947 

sagamiensis (Eguchi, 1968) (60-98 m) 

robusta Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (66-360 m) 

elata Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (70-380 m) 

14

multipaliferus Cairns, 1998 (11-165 m) 

Sympodangia Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*albatrossi Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (212-616 m) 

Lophelia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 

pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) (39-2775 to 3383 m) 

=*Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766 

=L. subcostata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 

=Lophohelia affinis Pourtalès, 1868 

=Lophohelia prolifera forma gracilis Duncan, 1873:328 

=Lophohelia tubulosa Studer, 1878 

=Lophohelia prolifera forma brachycephala Moseley, 1881:178 

=Lophohelia oculifera Whiteaves, 1901: 42 (nom. nud.) 

=Lophelia californica Durham, 1947 

=Dendrosmilia nomlandi Durham & Barnard, 1952 

Coenosmilia Pourtalès, 1874 

*arbuscula Pourtalès, 1874 (74-622 m) 

inordinata Cairns, 1984 (244-322 m) 

Anomocora Studer, 1878 

*fecunda (Pourtalès, 1871) (37-640 m) 

=A. sp. sensu Cairns, 1984 (Hawaii, 201-271 m) 

carinata Cairns, 1991 (614-785 m) 

prolifera (Pourtalès, 1871) (30-329 m) 

=Ceratotrochus johnsoni Duncan, 1882 

marchadi (Chevalier, 1966) (32-229 m) 

=Trochosmilia elongata Studer, 1878 

gigas (van der Horst, 1931) (183-510 m) 

Pourtalosmilia Duncan, 1884 

anthophyllites (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (25-300 m) 

=Coenocyathus corsicus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=*Blastosmilia pourtalesi Duncan, 1878 

=Coenosmilia repens Chevalier, 1966 

conferta Cairns, 1978 (55-191 m) 

Phacelocyathus Cairns, 1979 

*flos (Pourtalès, 1878) (20-255 m) 

[sp. sensu Zibrowius & Grygier, 1985: 121 (Indian Ocean, 55-131 m) 

Solenosmilia Duncan, 1873 

*variabilis Duncan, 1873 (220-2165 m) 

=Solenosmilia jeffreyi Alcock, 1898 

=Solenosmilia sp. sensu Keller, 1975 

Dasmosmilia Pourtalès, 1880 

*lymani (Pourtalès, 1871) (37-366 m) 

=Goniocyathus pacifica Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

variegata (Pourtalès, 1871) (110-600 m) 

=Bathycyathus elegans Studer, 1878 

valida Marenzeller, 1907 (490 m) 

Goniocorella Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

*dumosa (Alcock, 1902) (88-1488 m) 

=G. glanulosa Hu, 1987 (sic: granulose; Pleistocene) 

Confluphyllia Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*juncta Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (135-385 m) 

15

FAMILY TURBINOLIIDAE Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

Alatotrochus Cairns, 1994 

*rubescens (Moseley, 1876) (180-751 m) 

Pleotrochus Cairns, 1997 

*venustus (Alcock, 1902) (200-397 m) 

zibrowii Cairns, 1997 (1137 m) 

Australocyathus Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*vincentinus (Dennant, 1904) (16-148 m) 

Tropidocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*lessonii (Michelin, 1842) (50-421 m) 

=Trochocyathus wellsi Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

labidus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (206-536 m) 

Cyathotrochus Bourne, 1905 

pileus (Alcock, 1902) (123-522 m) 

=Tropidocyathus bouganvillei Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857 (nom. obl.) 

=Endopachys australiae Tenison-Woods, 1878 (nom. obl.) 

=*Cyathotrochus herdmani Bourne, 1905 

=Tropidocyathus intermedius Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (nom. nud.) 

nascornatus (Gardiner & Waugh, 1938) (183-457 m) 

Deltocyathoides Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

orientalis (Duncan, 1876) (44-635 m) 

=Deltocyathus lens Alcock, 1902 

=*Deltocyathus japonicus Yabe & Eguchi, 1932, not Peponocyathus orientalis Yabe & 

Eguchi, 1932 

=Deltocyathus minutus Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 

stimpsonii (Pourtalès, 1871) (110-600 m) 

=Notocyathus sp. sensu Lewis, 1965 

Notocyathus Tenison-Woods, 1880 

conicus (Alcock, 1902) (34-1110 m) 

venustus (Alcock, 1902) (70-555 m) 

Thrypticotrochus Cairns, 1989 

petterdi (Dennant, 1906) (95-925 m) 

=*T. multilobatus Cairns, 1989 

Cryptotrochus Cairns, 1988 

*carolinensis Cairns, 1988 (320-338 m) 

javanus Cairns, 1988 (585 m) 

brevipalus Cairns, 1999 (466-700 m) 

Pseudocyathoceras Cairns, 1991 

*avis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) (91-183 m) 

=Kionotrochus hoodensis Durham & Barnard, 1952 

Idiotrochus Wells, 1935 

*emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) (82-238 m) 

=Sphenotrochus excisus Duncan, 1865 (Miocene) 

=Sphenotrochus emarciatus var. perexiguus Dennant, 1906 

kikutii (Yabe & Eguchi, 1941) (97-645 m) 

=Idiotrochus n. sp. sensu Cairns & Parker, 1992: 41 

alatus Cairns, 2004 (315-450 m) 

Lissotrochus Cairns, 2004 

*curvatus Cairns, 2004 (342-367 m) 

Dunocyathus Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*parasiticus Tenison-Woods, 1878 (64-549 m) 

16

=Deltocyathus rotaeformis Tenison-Woods, 1878 

=Dunocyathus sp. sensu Wells, 1958: 263 

wallaceae Cairns, 2004 (320-414 m) 

Holcotrochus Dennant, 1902 

*scriptus Dennant, 1902 (9-342 m) 

crenulatus Dennant, 1904 (40-414 m) 

Conocyathus d'Orbigny, 1849 

zelandiae Duncan, 1876 (4-137 m) 

=C. scrobiculatus Dennant, 1902 

=Turbinolia australiensis Gardiner, 1939 

gracilis Cairns, 1998 (22-291 m) 

formosus Cairns, 2004 (320-367 m) 

Turbinolia Lamarck, 1816 

stephensoni (Wells, 1959) (9-32 m) 

Sphenotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (type species is a fossil) 

(Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1904 (*type of subgenus; 24-165 m) 

=S. moseri Wells, 1935 

=S. dentosus Boshoff, 1981 (nom. nud.) 

=S. sp. sensu Boshoff, 1981 

(E.) auritus Pourtalès, 1874 (15-64 m) 

lindstroemi Cairns, 2000 (22-78 m) 

hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952 (18-274 m) 

excavatus Tenison-Woods, 1878 (unknown depth) 

ralphae Squires, 1964 (7-104 m) 

=S. n. sp. B sensu Ralph & Squires, 1962 

squiresi Cairns, 1995 (66-318 m) 

aurantiacus Marenzeller, 1904 (155-366 m) 

evexicostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (12-73 m) 

=Sphenotrochus sp. sensu Pichon, 1974: 176 

imbricaticostatus Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (37-347 m) 

cuneolus Cairns, 2004 (42-342 m) 

gardineri Squires, 1961 (9-403 m) 

andrewianus andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (12-105 m) 

=Sphenotrochus wrightii Gosse, 1860 

andrewianus moorei Cairns, 2000 (9-42 m) 

Foveolocyathus Cairns, 1997 

*verconis (Dennant, 1904) (73-183 m) 

alternans (Cairns & Parker, 1992) (27-238 m) 

kitsoni (Dennant, 1901) (342-367 m) 

parkeri Cairns, 2004 (73-183 m) 

Endocyathopora Cairns, 1989 

*laticostata Cairns, 1989 (46-100 m) 

Trematotrochus Tenison-Woods, 1879 

hedleyi Dennant, 1906 (150-457 m) 

corbicula (Pourtalès, 1878) (400-576 m) 

Kionotrochus Dennant, 1906 

*suteri Dennant, 1906 (44-622 m) 

Platytrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

hastatus Dennant, 1902 (27-148 m) 

compressus (Tenison-Woods, 1878) (64-130 m) 

laevigatus Cairns & Parker, 1992 (22-165 m) 

17

parisepta Cairns & Parker, 1992 (40-201 m) 

Peponocyathus Gravier, 1915 

folliculus (Pourtalès, 1868) (30-582 m) 

=*Peponocyathus variabilis Gravier, 1915 

=P. orientalis Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

minimus (Yabe & Eguchi, 1937) (30-903 m) 

dawsoni Cairns, 1995 (87-988 m) 

Superfamily FLABELLOIDEA Bourne, 1905 

FAMILY FLABELLIDAE Bourne, 1905 

Flabellum (F.) Lesson, 1831 

*pavoninum Lesson, 1831 (73-665 m) 

=F. distinctum Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=F. coalitum Marenzeller, 1888 

=F. sp. 3, 6 sensu Cairns, 1989b: 63 

thouarsii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (71-305 m) 

curvatum Moseley, 1881 (115-1137 m) 

campanulatum Holdsworth, 1862 (unknown depth) 

patens Moseley, 1881 (204-439 m) 

australe Moseley, 1881 (36-1026 m) 

transversale transversale Moseley, 1881 (55-150 m) 

transversale conicum Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

transversale triangulare Eguchi, 1965 

lamellulosum Alcock, 1902 (187-490 m) 

folkesoni Cairns, 1998 (124-430 m) 

chunii Marenzeller, 1904 (200-700 m) 

magnificum Marenzeller, 1904 (225-740 m) 

=F. suluense Alcock, 1902 (has priority if synonymous) 

sibogae sensu Gardiner, 1904 (567 m) 

=Adkinsella n. sp. sensu Boshoff, 1981: 34 

knoxi Ralph & Squires, 1962 (201-1167 m) 

impensum Squires, 1962 (46-2260 m) 

=F. sp. A sensu Cairns, 1994: 28 

ongulense Eguchi, 1965 (570 m) 

floridanum Cairns, 1991 (nom. nov.) (80-366 m) 

=F. fragile Cairns, 1977 (junior homonym, not F. cuneiforme var. fragile Vaughan, 

1900) 

atlanticum Cairns, 1979 (357-618 m) 

areum Cairns, 1982 (1647-2229 m) 

gardineri Cairns, 1982 (177 m) 

flexuosum Cairns, 1982 (101-659 m) 

=Desmophyllum sp. sensu Marenzeller, 1903 

=Flabellum ongulense Eguchi, 1965 (has priority if synonymous; also listed as valid 

species) 

vaughani Cairns, 1984 (232-369 m) 

politum Cairns, 1989 (40-402 m) 

=Flabellum sp. 1 sensu Cairns, 1989b: 63 

arcuatile Cairns, 1999 (300-640 m) 

angustum Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 (unknown depth) 

[Flabellum sp. A sensu Cairns, 1991: 20 (Galápagos, 441-717 m) 

Flabellum (Ulocyathus) Sars, 1851 

18

macandrewi Gray, 1849 (128-1260 m) 

=*Ulocyathus arcticus M. Sars, 1851 

japonicum japonicum Moseley, 1881 (128-1141 m) 

japonicum bythios Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (1095-1720 m) 

deludens Marenzeller, 1904 (106-1035 m) 

hoffmeisteri Cairns & Parker, 1992 (110-842 m) 

daphnense Durham & Barnard, 1952 (101 m) 

aotearoa Squires, 1964 (130-1300 m) 

marenzelleri Cairns, 1989 (179-390 m) 

angulare Moseley, 1876 (2000-3186 m) 

conuis Moseley, 1881 (1994-2603 m) 

apertum apertum Moseley, 1876 (220-1575 m) 

=F. patagonichum Moseley, 1881 

=F. raukawaensis Squires & Keyes, 1967 

apertum borealis Cairns, 1994 (307-1141 m) 

tuthilli Hoffmeister, 1933 (347-824 m) 

alabastrum Moseley, in Thompson, 1873 (357-2000 m) 

=F. goodei Verrill, 1878 

=F. minus Duncan, 1878 

messum Alcock, 1902 (368-1035 m) 

lowekeyesi Squires & Ralph, 1965 (278-1100 m) 

marcus Keller, 1974 (1050-1602 m) 

moseleyi Pourtalès, 1880 (216-1097 m) 

sexcostatum Cairns, 1989 (685-1121 m) 

[Flabellum sp. cf. moseleyi sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 158 (W. Pacific, 441-1058 m) 

Truncatoflabellum Cairns, 1989 

*spheniscus (Dana, 1846) (2-174 m) 

=Flabellum debile Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum affine Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum bairdi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum profundum Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum sumatrense Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum crenulatum Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

angiostomum Folkeson, 1919 (15-136 m) 

aculeatum (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (11-132 m) 

=Flabellum spinosum Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Flabellum variabile Semper, 1872 

crassum (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (unknown depth) 

stokesii (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (12-256 m) 

=Flabellum owenii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

irregulare (Semper, 1872) (11-42 m) 

cumingi (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (46-132 m) 

=F. irregulare Tenison-Woods, 1878: 313, not Semper’s 1872 

incrustatum Cairns, 1989 (30-415 m) 

formosum Cairns, 1989 (42-933 m) 

=T. n. sp. sensu Cairns, 1989: 73 

candeanum (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (70-290 m) 

=Flabellum elegans Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

pusillum Cairns, 1989 (85-460 m) 

dens (Alcock, 1902) (286-555 m) 

paripavoninum (Alcock, 1894) (394-1450 m) 

19

carinatum Cairns, 1989 (30-274 m) 

trapezoideum (Keller, 1981) (1630 m) 

truncum (Cairns, 1982) (595-1896 m) 

arcuatum Cairns, 1995 (350-364 m) 

gardineri Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (138 m) 

zuluense Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (62-84 m) 

multispinosum Cairns, in Cairns & Keller, 1993 (62-183 m) 

vanuatu (Wells, 1984) (240-335 m) 

phoenix Cairns, 1995 (18-441 m) 

=T. sp. B sensu Cairns, 1994: 79 

inconstans (Marenzeller, 1904) (183 m) 

stabile (Marenzeller, 1904) (786-3010 m) 

=Truncatoflabellum sp. A sensu Cairns, 1994: 79 

=T. sp. Zibrowius & Gili, 1990: 38 (Walvis Ridge) 

martensii (Studer, 1878) (139-182 m) 

angustum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (195-530 m) 

mortenseni Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (50-455 m) 

australiensis Cairns, 1998 (90-220 m) 

veroni Cairns, 1998 (15-119 m) 

macroeschara Cairns, 1998 (18-201 m) 

viginifarium Cairns, 1999 (288-1050 m) 

Blastotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*nutrix Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (11-18 m) 

Placotrochides Alcock, 1902 

*scaphula Alcock, 1902 (462-1628 m) 

=Flabellum elongatum 1987 (Pleistocene fossil) 

frustum Cairns, 1979 (497-1378 m) 

cylindrica Cairns, 2004 (1117-1402 m) 

minuta Cairns, 2004 (119-458 m) 

=minima (sic) sensu Cairns, 2006: 52 

Javania Duncan, 1876 

*insignis Duncan, 1876 (46-1050 m) 

=Flabellum weberi Alcock, 1902 

cailleti (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (30-2165 m) 

=Galaxea eburnea Pourtalès, 1871 

=Desmophyllum eburneum Moseley, 1881 (junior homonym and synonym) 

=Desmophyllum nobile Verrill, 1885 

=Desmophyllum vitreum Alcock, 1898 

=Flabellum sp. sensu Marenzeller, 1904 

=Desmophyllum galapagense Vaughan, 1906 

=Desmophyllum delicatum Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

pseudoalabastra Zibrowius, 1974 (625-1557 m) 

antarctica (Gravier, 1914) (53-1280 m) 

=Desmophyllum pseudoseptata Eguchi, 1965 

lamprotichum (Moseley, 1880) (191-881 m) 

=Desmophyllum alabastrum sensu Alcock, 1902 

californica Cairns, 1994 (62-170 m) 

borealis Cairns, 1994 (247-348 m) 

=Javania n. sp. sensu Cairns, 1989: 76 (in text) 

=Javania sp. A sensu Cairns, 1991: 21 

fusca (Vaughan, 1907) (271-1045 m) 

20

=J. sp. sensu Cairns, 1989 

=J. pachytheca Cairns, 1995 

exserta Cairns, 1999 (91-455 m) 

=J. sp. A sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997: 165 

erhardti Cairns, 2004 (35-44 m) 

Placotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*laevis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (6-289 m) 

=P. candeanus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=P. pedicellatus Tenison-Woods, 1879 

Falcatoflabellum Cairns, 1995 

*rauolensis Cairns, 1995 (366-402 m) 

Monomyces Ehrenberg, 1834 

pygmaea (Risso, 1826) (5-150 m) 

=*Monomyces anthophyllum Ehrenberg, 1834 

=Coelocyathus typicus M. Sars, 1857 

=Rhizotrochus affinis Duncan, 1873 

rubrum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (typical form; 0-410 m) 

=Flabellum nobile Holdsworth, 1862 (form 2 sensu Cairns, 1995) 

=Flabellum latum Studer, 1878 

=Desmophyllum gracile Studer, 1878 (form 3 sensu Cairns, 1995) 

=Cylicia vacua Tenison-Woods, 1879 

=Flabellum rugulosum Tenison-Woods, 1880 

=Flabellum harmeri Gardiner, 1929 

Rhizotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*typus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (20-1048 m) 

=R. vegetans Haime, 1860 

=R. worsleyi Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 

=R. crateriformis Alcock, 1893 

=R. palaoensis Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

=R. niinoi Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

=Monomyces uchiuraensis Eguchi, 1972 

=Monomyces n. sp. Boshoff, 1981 

levidensis Gardiner, 1899 (1-73 m) 

tuberculatus (Tenison-Woods, 1879) (0-73 m) 

=Flabellum tubuliferum Tenison-Woods, 1880 

=Rhizotrochus radiatus Dennant, 1904 

flabelliformis Cairns, 1989 (228-1050 m) 

Polymyces Cairns, 1979 

*fragilis (Pourtalès, 1868) (75-822 m) 

=Rhizotrochus tulipa Pourtalès, 1874 

montereyensis (Durham, 1947) (69-212 m) 

=Flabellum tannerense Durham & Barnard, 1952 


Superfamily GUYNIOIDEA Hickson, 1910 

Family GUYNIIDAE Hickson, 1910 

Guynia Duncan, 1872 

*annulata Duncan, 1872 (28-653 m) 

=Pyrophyllia inflata Hickson, 1910 

=Guynia n. sp. sensu Goreau & Wells, 1967 

21

Family SCHIZOCYATHIDAE Stolarski, 2000 

Schizocyathus Pourtalès, 1874 

*fissilis Pourtalès, 1874 (88-1300 m) 

Pourtalocyathus Cairns, 1979 

*hispidus (Pourtalès, 1878) (349-1006 m) 

=Flabellum sp. a sensu Vaughan, 1921 (fossil) 

Temnotrochus Cairns, 1995 

*kermadecensis Cairns, 1995 (321-402 m) 

Family STENOCYATHIDAE Stolarski, 2000 

Stenocyathus Pourtalès, 1871 

*vermiformis (Pourtalès, 1868) (110-1500 m) 

=Caryophyllia simplex Duncan, 1878 

=Caryophyllia carpenteri Duncan, 1878 

=Stenocyathus washingtoni Cecchini, 1914 

=Stenocyathus decamera Ralph & Squires, 1962 

Truncatoguynia Cairns, 1989 

*irregularis Cairns, 1989 (80-334 m) 

=T. sp. sensu Cairns, 1989: 43 

Pedicellocyathus Cairns, 1995 

*keyesi Cairns, 1995 (70-194 m) 

Superfamily VOLZEIOIDEA Melnikova, 1974 

FAMILY GARDINERIIDAE Stolarski, 1996 

Gardineria Vaughan, 1907 

*hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 (142-1200 m) 

=G. musorstomica Cairns, 1989 

=G. sp. A sensu Cairns, 1995:111 (LHSMC, 291-378 m) 

paradoxa (Pourtalès, 1868) (91-700 m) 

=Duncania barbadensis Pourtalès, 1874 

minor Wells, 1973 (2-146 m) 

simplex (Pourtalès, 1878) (46-241 m) 

philippinensis Cairns, 1989 (192-494 m) 

[[Flabellidae, n. gen., n. sp. sensu Seig & Zibrowius 1989:192, figs. 1g-j [not Stolarskicyathus] 

Stolarskicyathus Cairns, 2004 

*pocilliformis Cairns, 2004 (342-367 m) 

=[Gardineriidae fam. n, Gen. n. sensu Stolarski, 1996: 350, figs 6A-F 

Suborder DENDROPHYLLIINA 

FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE Gray, 1847 

Balanophyllia Wood, 1844 

Western Atlantic: 

cyathoides (Pourtalès, 1871) (45-494 m) 

palifera Pourtalès, 1878 (53-708 m) 


(Eupsammia) caribbeana Cairns, 1977 (33-86 m) 

(Eupsammia) pittieri Vaughan, 1919 (fossil) 

=B. grandis Cairns, 1977 (Recent; 40-96 m) 

dineta Cairns, 1977 (27-274 m) 

hadros Cairns, 1979 (238-274 m) 

bayeri Cairns, 1979 (274-311 m) 

22

floridana Pourtalès, 1868 (13-220 m) 

Eastern Atlantic: 

europaea (Risso, 1826) (0-50 m) 

=Desmophyllum stellaria Ehrenberg, 1834 

regia Gosse, 1853 (2-100 m) 

=Balanophyllia brevis Duncan, 1882 

=Balanophyllia balaerica Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897 

cellulosa Duncan, 1873 (80-850 m) 

helenae Duncan, 1876 (18 m) 

striata Duncan, 1876 (18 m) 

thalassae Zibrowius, 1980 (385-1150 m) 

Southwest Indian Ocean: 

diffusa Harrison & Poole, 1909 (6-274 m) 

capensis Verrill, 1865 (27-37 m) 

bonaespei Van der Horst, 1938 (unknown depth) 

diademata Van der Horst, 1927 (165 m) 

vanderhorsti Cairns, 2001 (nom. nov.) (51-59 m) 

=B. ponderosa Van der Horst, 1926, not B. ponderosa Vaughan, 1900) 

Northern Indian Ocean: 

taprobanae Bourne, 1905 (unknown depth) 

gemmifera Klunzinger, 1879 (81 m) 

scabra Alcock, 1893: 144 (unknown depth) 

(Eupsammia) regalis (Alcock, 1893: 144) (59 m) 

merguiensis Duncan, 1889 (unknown depth) 

Eastern Australia: 

yongei Crossland, 1952: 167 (shallow) 

bairdiana Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 (6-548 m) 

=buccina Tenison-Woods, 1878 

=elliptica (Tenison-Woods, 1878) 

dentata Tenison-Woods, 1879 (66-135 m) 

dilatata Dennant, 1904 (shallow) 

spongiosa Cairns, 2004 (11-18 m) 

New Zealand: 

chnous Squires, 1962 (140-549 m) 

=Thecopsammia sp, Balanophyllia sp. sensu Gardiner, 1929 

crassitheca Cairns, 1995 (190-508 m) 

Japan: 

japonica Cairns, 2001 (nom. nov.) (154-237 m) 

=B. teres Cairns, 1994, not E. teres Romer, 1863 

[B. sp. A sensu Cairns, 1994: 84 (=cf. B. italica Y & E, 1942) (Japan, 56-100 m) 

Hawaiian Islands: 

diomedeae Vaughan, 1907 (110-307 m) 

=B. diomedeae var. mauensis Vaughan, 1907 

laysanensis Vaughan, 1907 (238-400 m) 

Central west Pacific: 

scabrosa (Dana, 1846) (unknown depth) 

(Eupsammia) stimpsonii (Verrill, 1865: 150) (18-95 m) 

=Eupsammia stimpsoniana Verrill, 1866: 29 (misspelling of stimpsonii) 

=Rhodopsammia socialis Semper, 1872 

=Rhodopsammia affinis Semper, 1872 

=Rhodopsammia incerta Semper, 1872 

23

=Leptopsammia conica van der Horst, 1922 (not B. conica Osasco, 1897) 

=Balanophyllia sumbayaensis Cairns, 2001 (nom. nov. for L. conica) 

(Eupsammia) carinata (Semper, 1872) (33-124 m) 

=Rhodopsammia amoena Semper, 1872 

parallela (Semper, 1872: 258) (18 m) 

dubia (Semper, 1872) (55 m) 

kalakauai Wright, 1882 (unknown depth) 

profundicella Gardiner, 1899: 169 (73 m) 

(Eupsammia) imperialis Kent, 1871 (18-120 m) 

=Balanophyllia malaccensis Kent, 1871 

cumingii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (65-307 m) 

=Rhodopsammia ovalis Semper, 1872 

rediviva Moseley, 1881 (90-256 m) 

gemma (Moseley, 1881) (137-522 m) 

cornu Moseley, 1881 (60-520 m) not B. cornu Sokolow, 1894 (junior homonym) 

parvula Moseley, 1881 (192-300 m) 

crassiseptum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (183-250 m) 

gigas Moseley, 1881 (90-640 m) 

=B. hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 

serrata Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (190-194 m) 

generatrix Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (96-535 m) 

tenuis Van der Horst, 1922: 63 (may be colonial; 15 m) 

desmophyllioides Vaughan, 1907 (95-1050 m) 

corniculans (Alcock, 1902a: 114) (needs neotype; may be colonial; unknown depth) 

iwayamaensis Abe, 1938: 506 (may be colonial; 1-3 m) 

Eastern Pacific: 

cedrosensis Durham, 1947 (66-119 m) 

=B. tiburonensis Durham, 1947 

elegans Verrill, 1864 (0-293 m) 

galapagensis Vaughan, 1906 (18-462 m) 

=B. osburni Durham &Barnard, 1952 

Subantarctic: 

malouinensis Squires, 1961 (75-1137 m) 

[B. sp. sensu Cairns, 1982: 54 (Falkland Islands, 247-253 m) 

Leptopsammia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*stokesiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (46-69 m) 

formosa (Gravier, 1915) (400-900 m) 

=Thecopsammia imperfecta Gravier, 1915 

britannica (Duncan, 1870) (160-665 m) 

=Balanophyllia (Thecopsammia) socialis var. costata and jeffreysia Duncan, 1870 

pruvoti Lacaze Duthiers, 1897 (3-150 m) 

=L. microcardia Doderlein, 1913 

chevalieri Zibrowius, 1980 (70-500 m) 

trinitatis Hubbard & Wells, 1987 (15-40 m) 

queenslandiae Wells, 1964 (87 m) 

crassa van der Horst, 1922 (22-187 m) 

poculum (Alcock, 1902) (90 m) 

=L. poculum Van der Horst, 1922 (junior homonym and synonym) 

columna Folkeson, 1919 (20 m) 

Endopsammia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*philippensis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (0-62 m) 

24

egularis (Gardiner, 1899) (8-73 m) 

pourtalesi (Durham & Barnard, 1952) (unknown depth) 

Endopachys Lonsdale, 1845 

grayi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (37-386 m) 

=E. weberi Alcock, 1902 

=E. oahense Vaughan, 1907 

=E. japonicum Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

=E. vaughani Durham, 1947 

bulbosa Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 (220-251 m) 

Notophyllia Dennant, 1899 

recta Dennant, 1906 (40-458 m) 

etheridgi Hoffmeister, 1933 (37-238 m) 

piscacauda Cairns, 1998 (22-51 m) 

hecki Cairns, 2004 (342-414 m) 

Bathypsammia Marenzeller, 1907 

*tintinnabulum (Pourtalès, 1868) (183-549 m) 

fallosocialis Squires, 1959 (213-805 m) 

Thecopsammia Pourtalès, 1868 

*socialis Pourtalès, 1868 (183-879 m) 

elongata Moseley, 1881 (271-576 m) 

Trochopsammia Pourtalès, 1878 

*infundibulum Pourtalès, 1878 (532-1472 m) 

Pourtalopsammia Cairns, 2001 

*togata (Van der Horst, 1927) (155-775 m) 

Heteropsammia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

cochleata (Spengler, 1781) (facultative; 6-622 m) 

=*H. michelinii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=H. rotundata Semper, 1872 

=H. ovalis Semper, 1872 (fossil) 

=Psammoseris cyliciodes Tenison-Woods, 1879 

=H. aphrodes Alcock, 1893 

=H. pisum Alcock, 1902 

=H. ovalis var. formosensis Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (Pliocene) 

=H. ovalis var. japonica Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (Pliocene) 

=H. cochleata var. alta Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 (Pliocene) 

=H. michelini var. formosus Hu, 1987 (Pleistocene) 

eupsammides (Gray, 1849) (facultative; 1-38 m) 

=H. geminata Verrill, 1870 

=H. multilobata Moseley, 1881 

moretonensis Wells, 1964 (11-48 m) 

Eguchipsammia Cairns, 1994 

*cornucopia (Pourtalès, 1871) (91-960 m) 

=Dendrophyllia n. sp. a sensu Vaughan, 1921: 133 (fossil) 

strigosa Cairns, 2000 (25-77 m) 

gaditana (Duncan, 1873) (30-988 m) 

=Balanophyllia praecipua Gardiner & Waugh, 1939 

fistula (Alcock, 1902) (86-910 m) 

=Dendrophyllia oahensis Vaughan, 1907 

serpentina (Vaughan, 1907) (200-362 m) 

japonica (Rehberg, 1892) (senior homonym of D. japonica van der Horst, 1922) (114-1050 m) 

wellsi (Eguchi, 1968) (32-196 m) 

25

stigosa Cairns,2001 (25-77 m) 

Rhizopsammia Verrill, 1870 

*pulchra Verrill, 1870 (“low water”) 

bermudensis Wells, 1972 (8-12 m) 

goesi (Lindström, 1877) (5-119 m) 

nuda van der Horst, 1926 (5.5-220 m) 

verrilli van der Horst, 1922 (2-278 m) 

=R. chamissoi Wells, 1954 

=Balanophyllia scheeri Durham, 1962 

minuta van der Horst, 1922 (0-176 m) 

var. mutsuensis Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

var. bikiniensis Wells, 1954 

wellingtoni Wells, 1982 (2-43 m) 

wettsteini Scheer & Pillai, 1983 (4 m) 

annae (van der Horst, 1933) (0-80 m) 

compacta Sheppard & Sheppard, 1991 (35-110 m) 

Astroides Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 

*calycularis (Pallas, 1766) (0-30 m) 

=Astroides luteus Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 

Cladopsammia Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897 

*rolandi Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897 (12-50 m) 

echinata Cairns, 1984 (222-470 m) 

gracilis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) (0-95 m) 

=Dendrophyllia conferta Quelch, 1866 

=Dendrophyllia coarctata Duncan, 1889: 17 

=Dendrophyllia elegans van der Horst, 1922 (not D. elegans Duncan, 1866) 

=Dendrophyllia klunzingeri van der Horst, 1926 

=Tubastraea coccinea titjimaensis Eguchi, 1968 

eguchii (Wells, 1982) (1-85 m) 

=Dendrophyllia arbuscula var. compressa Eguchi & Sazaki, 1973 

manuelensis (Chevalier, 1966) (55-366 m) 

willeyi (Gardiner, 1899) (shallow) 

Dendrophyllia Blainville, 1830 

Group 1 sensu Cairns, 2001 (monopodial, axial corallites): 

*ramea (Linnaeus, 1758) (40-150 m) 

granosa Studer, 1878 (91 m) 

minuscula Bourne, 1905 (unknown depth) 

cribrosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 (7-40 m) 

ijimai Yabe & Eguchi, 1934 (10-366 m) 

=D. subcornigera cylindrica Eguchi, 1968 

velata Crossland, 1952 (shallow) 

indica Pillai, 1969 (1967) (true date 1969; 5 m) 

carleenae Nemenzo, 1983 (unknown depth) 

Group 2 sensu Cairns, 2001(bushy): 

cornigera (Lamarck, 1816) (89-600 m) 

radians (Wright, 1882) (unknown depth) 

cladonia Van der Horst, 1927 (49-457 m) 

arbuscula Van der Horst, 1922 (2-353 m) 

=D. nouhuysi Gardiner & Waugh, 1939 

=D. horsti Gardiner & Waugh, 1939 

=D. erecta Nemenzo, 1960 

26

=D. sphaerica Nemenzo, 1960 

=D. subcornigera ss Eguchi, 1969 

robusta (Bourne, 1905) (unknown depth) 

aculeata Latypov, 1990 (11-21 m) 

laboreli Zibrowius & Brito, 1984 (1-70 m) 

incisa (Crossland, 1952) (shallow) 

suprarbuscula Ogawa & Takahashi, 2000 (90 m) 

paragracilis Ogawa & Takahashi, 2000 (=Cladopsammia) (1-10 m) 

futojiku Ogawa & Takahashi, 2000 (2 m) 

minima Ogawa & Takahashi, 2000 (2 m) 

Group 3 sensu Cairns, 2001 (sympodial): 

alternata Pourtalès, 1880 (276-900 m) 

dilatata Van der Horst, 1927 (97-132 m) 

californica Durham, 1947 (42-462 m) 

johnsoni Cairns, 1991 (373-462 m) 

oldroydae Oldroyd, 1924 (nom. correct: spelled oldroydi originally; (40-576 m) 

=D. cortezi Durham & Barnard, 1952 

boschmai boschmai van der Horst, 1926 (nom. nov.; 40-200 m) 

=D. japonicus van der Horst, 1922, not Rehberg, 1892 (the latter is an Eguchipsammia) 

boschmai cyathoheloides Eguchi, 1965 (55-100 m) 

florulenta Alcock, 1902 (69-243 m) 

=D. florentula van der Horst, 1922 (junior synonym and homonym) 

=D. florentula (sic) Wells, 1954 

alcocki (Wells, 1954) (118-1200 m) 

=D. palita Squires & Keyes, 1967 

[D. semiramea Blainville, 1834 (nom. nud.) 

Group Unknown 

cecilliana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (unknown depth) 

Enallopsammia Michelotti, 1871 

rostrata (Pourtalès, 1878) (110-2165 m) 

=Amphihelia adminicularis Rehberg, 1892 

=Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) amphelioides Alcock, 1902 

=Coenopsammia amphelioides var. cucullata Vaughan, 1907 

=E. amphelioides disticha Eguchi, 1968 

profunda (Pourtalès, 1867) (403-1748 m) 

pusilla (Alcock, 1902) (371-805 m) 

=E. marenzelleri Zibrowius, 1973 

Tubastraea Lesson, 1829 

*coccinea Lesson, 1829 (0-110 m) 

=Lobopsammia aurea Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 

=Dendrophyllia aurantiaca Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 

=Coenopsammia ehrenbergiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Coenopsammia gaimardi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Coenopsammia tenuilamellosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Coenopsammia urvillei Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Coenopsammia radiata Verrill, 1864 

=Coenopsammia manni Verrill, 1866: 30 

=Astropsammia pedersenii Verrill, 1869 

=Dendrophyllia surcularis Verrill, 1869 

=Pachypsammia valida Verrill, 1866: 30 

=Placopsammia darwini Duncan, 1876 

27

=Dendrophyllia (Coenosammia) affinis Duncan, 1889 

=Dendrophyllia turbinata Nemenzo, 1960 

micranthus (Ehrenberg, 1834) (0-50 m) 

=Dendrophyllia nigrescens Dana, 1846 

=Dendrophyllia aequiserialis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Dendrophyllia viridis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 

=Dendrophyllia micranthus var. grandis Crossland, 1952 

diaphana (Dana, 1846) (1-30 m) 

=Dendrophyllia sibogae van der Horst, 1922 

=Dendrophyllia micranthus var. fruticosa Nemenzo, 1960 

faulkneri Wells, 1982 (3-5 m) 

tagusensis Wells, 1982 (1-43 m) 

floreana Wells, 1982 (2-5 m) 

Dichopsammia Song, 1994 

*granulosa Song, 1994 (April; 20-30 m) 

=Schizopsammia songae Cairns, 1994 (October) 

INCERTAE SEDIS 

“Cylicia” inflata Pourtalès, 1878 (Cuba, 183-443 m) 

Unnamed species (epithecate "Culicia") sensu Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997:198 (Indonesia, 30-68 m) 

Bachytrochus simplex Duncan, 1876: 436 (“Gaspar Strait”, 22 m) 

28

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