Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera - Porifera Brasil - UFRJ

CATALOGUE OFBRAZILIAN PORIFERAGUILHERME MURICY * , DANIELA A. LOPES, EDUARDO HAJDU,MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO, FERNANDO C. MORAESDepartamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.MICHELLE KLAUTAUDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.CARLA MENEGOLADepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.ULISSES PINHEIRODepartamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.* Author for correspondence. E-mail address: muricy@mn.ufrj.brThis catalogue is dedicated to Dr. Solange Peixinho (in memoriam).Rio de JaneiroMuseu Nacional2011

Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroReitor – Aloísio TeixeiraMuseu NacionalDiretora – Cláudia Rodrigues Ferreira de CarvalhoComissão de Publicações do Museu NacionalEditores – Miguel Angel Monné Barrios e Ulisses Caramaschi.Editores de Área – Adriano Brilhante Kury, Ciro Alexandre Ávila, Claudia Petean Bove, Débora de Oliveira Pires,Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy, Izabel Cristina Alves Dias, João Alves de Oliveira, João Wagner de Alencar,Castro, Marcela Laura Monné Freire, Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho, Marcos Raposo, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gasparde Oliveira, Marília Lopes da Costa Facó Soares, Rita Scheel Ybert e Vânia Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves.Normalização – Edson Vargas da Silva e Leandra Pereira de Oliveira.Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera© 2011 Guilherme Muricy, Daniela Lopes, Eduardo Hajdu, Mariana S. Carvalho, Fernando C. Moraes, MichelleKlautau, Carla Menegola & Ulisses Pinheiro.Capa – Algumas esponjas marinhas do Brasil. Fotografias: Guilherme Muricy.Contracapa – Heteromeyenia cristalina, uma esponja de água doce. Fotografia: Ulisses Pinheiro.Design e Diagramação – Beatriz Reis Custódio.Revisão – Márcio Reis Custódio.Fotografias – Guilherme Muricy.Impressão e tiragem – Walprint, 1000 exemplares para distribuição gratuita.Projeto – Desenvolvimento da Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) do Brasil (Petrobras-ANP SAP4600177470)Coordenador – Guilherme Ramos da Silva MuricyUniversidades participantes – UFRJ, UFPE e UFBAFicha CatalográficaC357Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera / Guilherme Muricy ... [et al.]. – Rio deJaneiro : Museu Nacional, 2011.300 p. : il. (algumas color.), mapas ; 28 cm. – (Série Livros ; 46)Bibliografia: p. 253-300.ISBN 978-85-7427-042-51. Esponjas – Brasil – Catálogos. I. Muricy, Guilherme, 1964-. II.Museu Nacional (Brasil). III. Série. CDD 593.40981

SUMMARYAbstract ............................................................... 7Preface .................................................................. 9I – Introductory Section............................ 111. Introduction .................................................... 112. Taxonomical history of the Braziliansponges ........................................................... 113. Composition of the Brazilian spongefauna ................................................................ 174. Structure of the catalogue ........................... 175. Locality names ............................................... 196. Depositories ................................................... 197. Other abbreviations used ............................. 228. Acknowledgements ...................................... 23II – TAXONOMIC LIST............................................ 25Phylum Porifera ........................................... 25Class Calcarea................................................. 25Subclass Calcaronea .................................... 25Order Leucosolenida ....................................... 25Amphoriscidae................................................. 25Grantiidae........................................................ 27Heteropiidae..................................................... 29Leucosoleniidae................................................ 30Sycettidae.......................................................... 31Subclass Calcinea...................................... 32Order Clathrinida............................................. 32Clathrinidae...................................................... 32Leucaltidae........................................................ 35Leucascidae...................................................... 35Leucettidae....................................................... 36Class Demospongiae....................................... 37Order Agelasida................................................ 37Agelasidae......................................................... 37Order Astrophorida......................................... 40Ancorinidae...................................................... 40Geodiidae......................................................... 44Pachastrellidae................................................. 50Thrombidae..................................................... 52Order Chondrosida.......................................... 52Chondrillidae................................................... 52Order Dendroceratida..................................... 54Darwinellidae................................................... 54Dictyodendrillidae........................................... 55Order Dictyoceratida....................................... 56Dysideidae........................................................ 56Irciniidae.......................................................... 58Spongiidae........................................................ 60Thorectidae...................................................... 62Order Hadromerida......................................... 64Alectonidae...................................................... 64Clionaidae........................................................ 64Placospongiidae............................................... 67Polymastiidae................................................... 69Spirastrellidae .................................................. 70Stylocordylidae................................................. 71Suberitidae....................................................... 71PLATES ...................................................................... 73Tethyidae.......................................................... 86Timeidae........................................................... 88Order Halichondrida....................................... 88Axinellidae........................................................ 88Dictyonellidae.................................................. 91Halichondriidae............................................... 92Heteroxyidae.................................................... 96Order Haplosclerida......................................... 97Suborder Haplosclerina................................... 97Callyspongiidae................................................ 97Chalinidae....................................................... 100Niphatidae....................................................... 102Suborder Petrosina.......................................... 106Petrosiidae....................................................... 106Phloeodictyidae.............................................. 108Suborder Spongillina...................................... 110Metaniidae....................................................... 110Potamolepidae................................................ 118Spongillidae..................................................... 123Spongillina incertae sedis................................ 140Order Homosclerophorida............................. 140Plakinidae........................................................ 140‘Order’ Lithistida............................................. 142Azoricidae........................................................ 142Corallistidae ................................................... 142Desmanthidae................................................. 1435

Siphonidiidae.................................................. 143Theonellidae.................................................... 144Order Poecilosclerida...................................... 144Suborder Latrunculina................................... 144Latrunculiidae................................................. 144Suborder Microcionina................................... 145Acarnidae........................................................ 145Microcionidae................................................. 146Microcioninae................................................. 146Raspailiidae..................................................... 148Cyamoninae.................................................... 148Echinodictinae.................................................148Raspailiinae..................................................... 149Trinacophorinae............................................. 150Rhabderemiidae.............................................. 150Suborder Mycalina.......................................... 151Desmacellidae................................................. 151Esperiopsidae.................................................. 152Guitarridae...................................................... 153Hamacanthidae............................................... 153Isodictyidae..................................................... 153Mycalidae........................................................ 153Suborder Myxillina......................................... 159Chondropsidae................................................ 159Coelosphaeridae.............................................. 159Crambeidae..................................................... 161Crellidae.......................................................... 162Desmacididae.................................................. 162Hymedesmiidae.............................................. 163Iotrochotidae................................................... 163Myxillidae........................................................ 164Tedaniidae....................................................... 165Order Spirophorida......................................... 167Tetillidae.......................................................... 167Samidae........................................................... 171Order Verongida.............................................. 171Aplysinidae...................................................... 171Class Hexactinellida........................................ 178Subclass Amphidiscophora...................... 178Order Amphidiscosida.................................... 178Hyalonematidae.............................................. 178Pheronematidae.............................................. 179Subclass Hexasterophora............................. 179Order Hexactinosida....................................... 179Aphrocallistidae.............................................. 179Dactylocalycidae............................................. 180Euretidae......................................................... 181Euretinae......................................................... 181Chonelasmatinae............................................ 181Farreidae.......................................................... 181Order Lychniscosida........................................ 182Becksiidae........................................................ 182Order Lyssacinosida........................................ 182Euplectellidae.................................................. 182Bolosominae................................................... 182Euplectellinae.................................................. 182Rossellidae....................................................... 182Lanuginellinae................................................. 182III – RECORDS identified ONLYto genus level or higher ................. 184IV – LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTS .......... 201V – SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLYREPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NOLONGER ACCEPTED AS VALIDRECORDS ..................................................... 205VI – LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITY .............. 217VII – Taxonomic Index ................................... 233VIII – REFERENCES ............................................ 2536

ABSTRACTAll the literature (486 references) of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil up to year 2010 is tabulated to generate athorough annotated classification. A total of 3770 records of 443 identified species of Brazilian sponges are listed.Demospongiae is the most diverse Class, with 380 species in 63 families, followed by Calcarea (47 species in 9families) and Hexactinellida (16 species in 9 families). The Class Demospongiae includes 327 marine and 53freshwater sponges.The most diverse families in Brazil are Spongillidae with 28 species (freshwater sponges), Geodiidae (20),Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all from the class Demospongiae. In addition, 340 morphospecieswere identified only to genus level or higher, showing that the true sponge diversity in Brazil probably exceeds 700species. Synonymizations, revalidations, replacement names and emended spellings are proposed when necessary.The complete list of nomenclatural acts herein proposed and a list of names once reported from Brazil but nolonger considered as valid records are given. A list of species by administrative divisions is provided for all localitiestreated. The localities with the highest number of species recorded were Salvador with 72 species, Recife with 68,Potiguar Basin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59), São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 species).These numbers, however, should be interpreted carefully as they reflect not only the real number of sponge speciesbut also the collection effort and the stage of development of the taxonomy of sponges in each area. Overall, thiscatalogue shows that the sponge fauna of Brazil is highly diverse and still largely unknown.Key words:Porifera, Demospongiae, Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Neotropics, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic, marine, freshwater,new synonyms, new records.7

PREFACEThe Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera is the result of a fantastic effort made in the last 20 years to inventory anddescribe the sponge fauna of Brazil. It is the state of the art for the known sponge fauna up to 2010. The firstspecies list of Brazilian sponges included 82 species (Mello-Leitão et al., 1961); the sponge fauna of Brazil currentlytotals 443 species: 380 species of Demospongiae, 47 species of Calcispongia and 16 species of Hexactinellida. ThisCatalogue provides an annotated classification of Brazilian sponges with their currently accepted names anddistributions. 486 references have been precisely checked and systematic misinterpretations, errors in coordinates,locality names, depth, and species names corrected. When necessary, type materials were revised, what hasnecessitated visits and contacts with about 30 national and foreign museums.This work was possible thanks to the collaboration of eight authors belonging to the Federal Universitiesof Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco states. Since the 90’s the number of researchers working in spongesystematics has increased considerably in Brazil. They were four in the 80’s, 12 in the 90’s and about 20 in 2011.They are currently the most important group of sponge taxonomists of the world. After the Rio Earth Summitin 1992 and the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1994) the Brazilian government beganto recruit well-trained taxonomists in the universities and developed biodiversity programs, among which theProject REVIZEE. This program aimed at listing and mapping the biological resources of the Brazilian ExclusiveEconomic Zone. Extensive collections along the Brazilian coast resulted in a large number of new species and newrecords of sponges.A well-done faunal inventory is the basis necessary for all further research from genetics, phylogeny andecology to chemistry of natural products. This catalog fulfills perfectly this target and is an impressive source ofknowledge about the Brazilian sponge fauna.Nicole Boury-EsnaultStation Marine d’EndoumeMarseilleFrance9

I. Introductory Section1. IntroductionThe phylum Porifera includes approximately 8350valid species known worldwide (van Soest et al., 2011).Of these, 443 species have been identified in Brazil.Brazilian sponges thus comprise approximately 5.3%of the diversity of Porifera, but they still are in a poorstate of knowledge. Besides outdated surveys such asthose of Mello-Leitão (1961), who listed all spongegroups, and Hechtel (1976), who listed exclusively themarine Demospongiae, there are few recent but partialcompilations, such as those of Moraes et al. (2006) forspecies of oceanic islands, Azevedo & Klautau (2007)for calcareous sponges, and Hajdu & Lopes (2007)for deep-water species. In the last 30 years many newrecords and new species have been described fromBrazil, and there have been important changes in thecomposition of supra-generic groups. Synonyms areabundant and often hidden within the systematicliterature; their misinterpretation is a major source ofconfusion in the systematics of Brazilian sponges. Inthis catalogue the existing and proposed synonyms aredetailed and a list of names once reported from Brazilbut currently not considered valid is presented. Thisshould help the reader to find out what happened toold names that “disappear” from the recent literatureand to avoid repetition of the same species underdifferent names in checklists or other studies.The main goals of this catalogue are to tabulateall the literature of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil upto year 2010 and to generate a thorough annotatedclassification of Brazilian sponges with their currentlyaccepted names and distributions. It provides a guideto the specialized literature and synonyms. Eventualmistakes in the literature (species and localities names,coordinates, depth, systematic misinterpretations,etc.) were corrected. Our results show the specieswith taxonomic problems that should be revised, aswell as the areas underexplored. This catalogue willbe also useful as a basis for diversity estimation andbiogeographic studies.All taxons are arranged in alphabetical order.Taxon diagnoses are not given; the reader can findthem in the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest,2002a) or in more recent revisions. Species identifiedonly to supraspecific levels or as “sp.”, “aff.”, or “cf.” weretabulated in a separate list, by alphabetical order andwith less information than the main list. Additionally,we provide a list of species by locality and a list ofnomenclatorial acts here proposed.2. Taxonomical history of theBrazilian spongesThe date of the first study on Brazilian sponges isuncertain. In 1766, Pallas described Spongia cavernosa(now Hyattella cavernosa), Spongia fulva (now Aplysinafulva) and Spongia fistularis (now Aplysina fistularis)from “Mare Americanum” (American Sea). This isusually interpreted as corresponding to the TropicalWestern Atlantic, but the country and locality areunknown. Pinheiro et al. (2007) designated a neotypefor Aplysina fulva from SE Brazil and for Aplysinafistularis from Puerto Rico. Here we follow Pinheiroet al. (2007) and assumed that the collection site ofSpongia fulva could have been in Brazil. Later on,Lamarck (1814) described Spongia carbonaria (nowNeopetrosia carbonaria), also from “Mare Americanum”,maintaining the uncertainty on the beginning of thestudy of sponges of Brazil.Only in 1863, in his monograph of freshwatersponges, Bowerbank described seven speciesunequivocally collected in Brazil, all from the Amazonregion. Seven other studies with one or a few speciesfrom Brazil were published from 1860-1880 (e. g.,Schultze, 1865; Müller, 1865; Hyatt, 1877; Selenka,1879). The first major input of knowledge on Braziliansponges came in the 1880’s, with the results of theH.M.S. Challenger expedition (Poléjaeff, 1883, 1884;Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887;Sollas, 1886a, 1888). These reports added 40 species tothe list of known sponges in Brazil.From 1890 to 1960 relatively few studies werepublished by different authors (average 2.6 articles perdecade), mostly on freshwater sponges (e.g., Cordero,1923, 1924, 1928; Arndt, 1930; Carvalho, 1942;Machado, 1947a,b) but also reporting a few marinesponges (e.g., Carter, 1890; Schulze, 1899; Burton, 1940,1954). In 1956, de Laubenfels reported 13 species ofmarine sponges from Brazil. In 1961, Mello-Leitão andcollaborators made the first compilation of Braziliansponges, including 82 species from all three classes andboth marine and freshwater demosponges.The number of studies on Brazilian spongesbegan to increase in the 1960’s, when Volkmer-Ribeiro11

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferastarted her studies on Brazilian sponges (Fig. 1). Shepublished since then more than 130 studies includingarticles, book chapters, and conference proceedingsfrom 1963 to 2010, representing a major contributionto the knowledge of Brazilian sponges, especially offreshwater. From 1960 to 1969, a total of 10 studieswere published on Brazilian sponges (e.g., Mello-Leitão et al., 1961; Volkmer, 1963a, b; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1969; Fig. 1).In the 1970’s there was an increase in the numberof articles (34) and of authors publishing on Braziliansponges. The studies of Borojevic (1971) and Borojevic& Peixinho (1976) on calcareous sponges, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1972, 1974, 1978), deRosa-Barbosa (1979) and Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago(1973) on freshwater sponges, and those of Johnson(1971), Collette & Rützler (1977), Mello-Leitão &Pacheco-Coelho (1978), Maggs et al. (1979) andespecially of Mothes de Moraes (e.g., Volkmer-Ribeiro& Mothes de Moraes, 1975; Mothes de Moraes, 1977,1978) on marine Demospongiae greatly increased thetaxonomic knowledge of Brazilian sponges. However,these studies were limited to relatively few taxonomicgroups or geographic areas. The main contribution tothe taxonomy of Brazilian Porifera in this decade wasthe description of 60 species of marine demospongescollected by the Calypso expedition all along theEastern Brazilian coast, from Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago to Rio Grande do Sul State (Boury-Esnault, 1973).The 1970’s also witnessed an increase in thenumber of research approaches, which were untilthen limited to taxonomy and faunistics. The firststudies on the ecology of sponges in Brazil were thoseof Boffi (1972) reporting ophiuroids associated tomarine sponges and of Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1972, 1974) on sponge-sponge and molluskfreshwatersponge associations. The first studies onsponge chemistry and evolution were published by theend of the decade (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979). In the first zoogeographicalanalysis of Brazilian sponges, Hechtel (1976) listed 156marine demosponges occurring in Brazil.The trend of increase in authors and areas ofknowledge of studies on Brazilian sponges persistedand gained impulse in the 1980’s (30 articles). Themain contributions to the taxonomy were those of Solé-Cava et al. (1981), Hechtel (1983), Volkmer-Ribeiro(1984, 1986), Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (1981, 1983, 1984,1988) and Mothes de Moraes (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985a,b, 1987). More ecological studies were published thanin the previous decades, focusing on fish predation(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981), associated fauna(Duarte & Morgado, 1983), vertical distribution (Estonet al., 1986) and pollution-biomonitoring (Muricy,1989). The first pharmacological study of a Braziliansponge was published by the end of the decade (Attaet al., 1989; Fig. 2).In the 1990’s, there was a two-fold increase in thenumber of studies published (from 30 to 72 articles; Fig.1). The number of authors and of areas of knowledgealso increased. In this decade were published the firststudies on genetics using both allozyme electrophoresis(Solé-Cava et al., 1991; Klautau et al., 1994a, 1999;Lazoski et al., 1999) and DNA analysis (Lôbo-Hajduet al., 1999), cytology (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a),biochemistry (Zierer et al., 1995), paleontology(Sifeddine et al., 1994; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997),phylogeny (Hajdu, 1995, 1999), biomass (Melão &Rocha, 1996b), growth rates (Melão & Rocha, 1998),chemical ecology (Epifanio et al., 1999), and larvalbiology (Vacelet, 1999) of sponges from Brazil.The exponential growth of the literature onBrazilian Porifera continued from 2000 to 2009,with 250 articles published. New areas of knowledgestudied included spiculogenesis (Custódio et al.,2002), bioerosion (Reis & Leão, 2002), bioinvasion(Ferreira et al., 2006), microbiology (Turque et al.,2008; Hardoim et al., 2009; Marinho et al., 2009), DNAsequencing (Cárdenas et al., 2009), and reproduction(Lanna et al., 2007b). All areas previously studied hada great increase in number of publications, especiallytaxonomy, chemistry, pharmacology, and ecology. Thestudy of Porifera in Brazil during the first decade of theXXI century was marked by the realization of the 7 thInternational Sponge Symposium (7 th ISS) in Armaçãodos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro State, in May 2006. Thisconference had 260 participants from 35 countriesand attracted a great interest from the Brazilianscientific community, with 91 Brazilian participantsfrom 18 institutions presenting a total of 71 abstracts.It is therefore not surprinsing that the year with thehighest number of publications in the history ofspongiology in Brazil so far was 2007 (59 articles),when the proceedings of the 7 th ISS were published(Fig. 2; Custódio et al., 2007).Another major accomplishment in the decade from2000 to 2009 was the Project REVIZEE, a governmentalprogram aimed at listing and mapping the biologicalresources of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ; e.g., Amaral et al., 2003; Amaral & Rossi-Wongtschowski, 2004; Lavrado & Ignacio, 2006). The12

Introductory SectionArticles per Decade25020015010050Pallas (?)ChallengerCalypso01750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010Fig. 1. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per decade from 1750 to 2010. Challenger andCalypso are the two most important early expeditions that increased significantly the number of known species inBrazil. The question mark represents the uncertainty that remains about whether Pallas (1766) descriptions from“Mare Americanum” were from Brazil or from elsewhere in the Western Atlantic (see text for explanation).13

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaArticles per Year7th ISS6050Chemical EcologyLarvaeDNABioinvasionMicrobiologyGrowth Rates4030PhylogenyBiochemistryCell BiologyPalaeontologySpiculogenesisBioerosion2010EcologyBiogeographyChemistryGeneticsBiomonitoringCommunity StructurePharmacology01970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010Fig. 2. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per year from 1970 to 2010, showing thediversification of research approaches. Arrows point to the year of the first publication in each area of knowledge.7th ISS indicates the publication of the proceedings of the Seventh International Sponge Symposium held in May2006 at Armação dos Búzios (Custódio et al., 2007).14

Introductory SectionRRAPAMPAMACERNACROMTTODFPIBAPBPEALSEGOMSMGESSPRJPRSCRSAM – AmazonasAC – AcreRR – RoraimaAP – AmapáRO – RondôniaPA – ParáTO – TocantinsNorth Region SOUTHEAST Region NORTHEAST RegionRJ – Rio de JaneiroSP – São PauloES – Espírito SantoMG – Minas GeraisMidwest RegionMT – Mato GrossoMS – Mato Grosso do SulGO – GoiásDF – Distrito FederalSOUTH RegionPR – ParanáSC – Santa CatarinaRS – Rio Grande do SulMA – MaranhãoPI – PiauíCE – CearáRN – Rio Grande do NortePB – ParaíbaPE – PernambucoAL – AlagoasSE – SergipeBA – BahiaFig. 3. Political map of Brazil showing the five administrative regions (in different colors), and the 26 states and thefederal district with their acronyms.15

Introductory SectionREVIZEE Programme made extensive collections bydredging and trawling all along the Brazilian coastfrom 50 to 2000 m depth (mostly between 50–100 mdepth), resulting in a large number of new records ofsponges for Brazil (Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al.,2004c, 2006a, 2007a; Muricy et al., 2006, 2007).Finally, during the last decade the first identificationguides with underwater colour photographs andwritten in Portuguese in a simple language, accessibleto non-specialists, were published (Mothes et al., 2003,2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008).Non-specialists, such as ecologists in faunistic surveys,are already using these publications for spongeidentification (e.g., Rodrigues et al., 2007; Amaralet al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010). It is expected that thepublication of such guides will help to increase stillfurther the number of biological studies on BrazilianPorifera made by different authors.Several important authors, including Bowerbank(1863), Ridley & Dendy (1886), Sollas (1886),Poléjaeff (1884), and Boury-Esnault (1973), did notlist the specimens examined in their descriptions,and did not designate type specimens for their newspecies. According to the ICZN (1999), article 72.2,“a nominal species-group taxon established before2000 may have its name-bearing type fixed from thetype series originally or subsequently (if no namebearingtype is believed to be extant a neotype maybe fixed)”. Article 72.4.1.1 states that “for a nominalspecies or subspecies established before 2000, anyevidence, published or unpublished, may be taken intoaccount to determine what specimens constitute the typeseries”. The specimens of the Calypso expedition weredeposited in the sponge collection of the MuséumNationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are still wellpreserved and labeled, and are easily referable to thedescriptions of the new species published by Boury-Esnault (1973). The same is true for most specimensof the Challenger collection in the Natural HistoryMuseum, London. We therefore assigned to thesespecimens the status of either holotypes (when a singlespecimen was described) or syntypes (when more thanone specimen was examined), unless this has beendone before. These assignments are summarized in theList of Nomenclatorial Acts.3. Composition of the Braziliansponge faunaConsidering exclusively the currently valid namesidentified to species level, the known sponge faunaof Brazil currently totals 443 species. Demospongiaeis by far the most diverse class, with 380 species in 63families, or approximately 70% of the 90 currentlyaccepted demosponge families (Hooper & van Soest,2002). The Calcarea (47 species in 9 families) andHexactinellida (16 species in 9 families) are less diverse.The Hexactinellida includes three fossil species in twofamilies. Within the class Demospongiae, marinespecies now total 327 in 60 families and freshwatersponges (suborder Spongillina) include 53 species ofthree families (and one species incertae sedis). Somefreshwater species are known only from spongillites(sediments composed mainly by siliceous spicules;e.g., Heterorotula fistula). In general, the families mostdiverse are Spongillidae with 28 spp., Geodiidae (20),Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all fromthe class Demospongiae. Beyond the 443 identifiedspecies, there are 340 names determined only to genuslevel or higher. These unidentified morphospeciesindicate that the sponge species richness in Brazil ismuch higher than currently estimated, probably farexceeding 700 species (discounting possible synonyms),and demonstrate the need for more detailed taxonomicstudies.Among the species identified, there are also 290species names once recorded from Brazil but nolonger accepted as valid. This high number indicatesthe difficulties and instability of sponge taxonomy,mainly due to a shortage of taxonomically usefulmorphological characters, to the study of one or fewpreserved specimens of most species, and to short,poorly illustrated descriptions. Most non-specialists(ecologists, biochemists, microbiologists etc.) areunaware of these synonymies and often duplicaterecords of a single species reported under two differentnames. It is expected that this catalogue will reducesuch mistakes and bring more stability to the taxonomyof Brazilian sponges.The localities most diverse were Salvador with 72species identified, followed by Recife with 68, PotiguarBasin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59),São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 spp.).These numbers, however, should be interpretedcarefully as they reflect not only the true diversity ofsponge species but also the collecting effort and thestage of development of the taxonomy of sponges ineach area. Some areas remain completely unexplored,such as Acre State.4. Structure of the catalogueThe present catalogue is an exhaustive compilationfrom 486 references reporting species of the phylum17

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPorifera from Brazil and additional 614 references withrelevant information on these species (synonymies,world distribution etc.). From each article we evaluatedand compiled the relevant information on speciestaxonomy and distribution, summing up 3770 recordsof 443 species. This should serve as an account of thegreat taxonomic shifts and the increase in scientificinterest for Brazilian sponges over the last decades.We followed here mainly the classificationproposed by the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest,2002a), with few modifications from more recentproposals or our own ideas. We also followed largelybut informally the World Porifera Database (van Soestet al., 2011), which is not valid as a formal publicationfor nomenclatorial issues but is currently a major,updated source of information on sponge taxonomy.In spite of past efforts, many inaccuracies andconfusions remain, making the systematics of Braziliansponges a difficult task. There is a large portion ofpapers written in Portuguese (30%: 146 of 486)and these, especially when nomenclatorial acts areconcealed amidst the text, are also a major hindranceto accurate tabulation of taxonomy. Additionally, 13articles are written in spanish, nine in german, six infrench, one in russian and one in latin.A great difficulty in the taxonomy of Braziliansponges is the large number of records withoutdescription, and whose identifications are thus harderto evaluate. Papers dealing with biology, ecology andpharmacology add useful information for systematicand biogeographic purposes and therefore they arealso presented here in citations followed by a remarkindicating the focus of the article ([faunistics],[ecology], [pharmacology] etc.). We tried to reexaminethe specimens recorded in such papers, butin most cases this was not possible. In these cases weaccepted the identification published and added aremark when necessary.There are also 340 species identified only to genusor family levels and recorded as “aff.”, “sp.” or “cf.”.These records were not included as valid species in thepresent compilation, but are listed under the epigraph“Records identified only to genus level or higher” byalphabetical order. They give an idea of the diversityand major groups of sponges yet to be described inBrazil.We tried to keep taxonomic changes to a minimum,inasmuch as we think this is not the ideal vehicle fornomenclatorial acts, which need to be documented withillustrations, explanations, lists of material examined,etc. A list of the nomenclatural acts performed in thiscatalogue is given to help to locate the taxonomicchanges herein proposed. Colour pictures of sometype specimens are also provided.There is a surprisingly large number of M.Sc.dissertations and Ph.D. theses dealing with systematicsand/or biology of sponges in Brazil. However, theirresults are not included herein because they do notconstitute publications in the sense of the ICZN(1999). Abstracts of conference presentations werealso excluded, for the same reason.For each specific name, the type material and typelocality are indicated after the list of synonyms. Foreach junior synonym the author, date and page of thesynonymy are indicated. In specific synonymies, thecitations are ordered by chronological order. Subspeciesand varieties are treated as different species. The genericor specific names that are junior primary homonymsare followed by [preocc. author, year], while the specificsecondary homonyms are followed by [non species;senior secondary homonym]. The specific nameswrongly applied in virtue of a misidentification areindicated by [non author, year]. Generic synonymiesmade without detailing the new specific combinationsare common in the literature. Herein the mandatoryimplicit specific combinations are formalized as “newcombinations”. For each species the type locality andrecorded distribution are added as follows:TYPE LOCALITY: Country; locality.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Region 1: State 1: Locality 1 (author1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type ofarticle]). Locality 2 (author 1, year [type of article];author 2, year [type of article]). State 2: Locality 1(author 1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [typeof article]), etc.WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Country 1, country 2 etc. (author, yearof records).For freshwater sponges, we added the river, lake orpond and the hydrographic basin, as follows:BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Region 1: HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN 1:State 1: Locality 1, river 1 (author 1, year [type ofarticle]), river 2 (author 2, year [type of article]),etc.The literature search for studies about sponges inBrazil was exhaustive, so the lists of “Brazilian Records”are as complete as possible. On the other hand, thesearch for references of Brazilian species occurringin other countries was not exhaustive; the “World18

Introductory SectionDistribution” lists are mainly intended to determinewhether a species is or not endemic and what is itsglobal distribution, not to list all references that evercited it from anywhere.Regions and states names follow the officialBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website(IBGE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística;www.ibge.gov.br, accessed February, 20, 2011). Theirlocation and abbreviations are explained in Fig. 3.All coordinate (equally ranked) names are listed inalphabetical order. The regions are typed in a sansserif font and the hydrographic basins are typed inCAPITALS. Definition of hydrographic basins andnames of rivers follow the official Brazilian NationalWater Agency website (Agência Nacional de Águas;www.ana.gov.br; Fig. 4). Detailed maps of thehydrographic basins showing the location of all riversare available at www.ana.gov.br/bibliotecavirtual. Firstorder political divisions (states and federal district)are typed in capitals in a smaller font. Second orderpolitical subdivisions such as cities and municipalitiesare the main operacional geographic unity of thiscatalogue and are composed in bold type. More detailedinformation of each record such as the precise locationwithin a city, geographical coordinates and depth arepresented in parentheses after the locality name. Forvery unfamiliar or doubtful places, coordinates orshort remarks have been also added.5. Locality namesLocality names followed the official site of IBGE (www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat). For collection sites offshore,the nearest locality was determined using the “Ruler”tool of Google Earth (http://earth.google.com).These records are presented as “off locality X” andthe coordinates were added in the format originallypublished. Oceanic Islands and submarine seamountswere also included as localities.Some locality names have changed since the timeof publication, especially those published before1900. Two cases in Brazil are particularly important:“Destêrro” and “Bahia”. There are two speciesreported from Destêrro: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt,1868 (Selenka, 1879; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961) andDarwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865). Nossa Senhorado Destêrro (approximately 27 o 35’S–48 o 30’W) wasthe denomination of the capital of Santa CatarinaState from 1765 to 1894, when the name changed toFlorianópolis. As noted by Hechtel (1976), there isanother city in Brazil currently named Desterro, but itis located far inland in Paraíba state and was funded in1959; it therefore cannot be the location referred to bythe earlier authors.Several specimens of the Challenger Expedition werecollected in a station located “off Bahia” (Poléjaeff, 1883,1884; Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887;Sollas, 1886a, 1888). This has been interpreted by mostrecent authors as a reference to Bahia State, with preciselocality unknown. The city of Salvador (currently thecapital of Bahia State) was called “São Salvador da Bahiade Todos os Santos” from 1549 to 1953. It was, however,widely known simply as “Bahia” in the XIX century.There are strong indications that the Challenger reportsused the name Bahia for the city and not for the state:(1) In the ‘Narrative of the Cruise’ of the H.M.S.Challenger, Tizard et al. (1885: 227) stated that “…Yellow fever is nearly always prevalent in Bahia,nor can this be wondered at when the absence ofsanitary arrangements in some parts of the townis considered (…) Viewed from the sea, Bahia is acharmingly situated place.” A few lines below, theycontinued “…Into the wide bay of Bahia, whichis twenty miles across …”, obviously referring toTodos os Santos Bay in Salvador.(2) The maps of the cruise (Tizard et al., 1885:sheets 15, 16) show a single sampling site off Bahiastate, a few miles East off Salvador (sta. 128;sta.129 is off Espírito Santo State).(3) In the remarks of Scolopes megastra, deLaubenfels (1953: 543) stated that “the genusScolopes was established by Sollas (1888, page 432)for the species moseleyi, based on a single specimenfrom Bahia (now São Salvador), Brazil, latitude13 o S, depth unknown”.In agreement with these indications, we replacedthe locality of this sampling station from “off Bahia” to“off Salvador” in this catalogue. Similarly, the modernname “Florianópolis” was used to replace “Destêrro”,in Santa Catarina State.The names of some other countries and localitiesin and outside Brazil also changed their names since thepublication. In these cases we used the modern namerather then the published name: Parintins insteadof Vila Nova (Brazil), Ambon instead of Amboine(Indonesia), Kotor instead of Cattaro (Montenegro),Sri Lanka instead of Ceylon, Belize instead of BritishHonduras, etc.6. DepositoriesAn effort has been made to visit or contact the curators19

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaof all major museums to know about the condition oftheir Brazilian Porifera holdings. Part of the informationin the literature was inaccurate, but most institutionslisted below confirmed that they have at least some ofthe types. We updated names and addresses as best aspossible. Acronyms of institutions followed in generalthe Index to Important Sponge Collections (Stone,1986), except when their abbreviations (“codens”) arenonexistent, non-traditional or there was a preferredacronym from the institution itself.Complete list of depositories andtheir acronyms:ANSP-PO — Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia, Porifera Collection. 19 th St. & BenFranklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A. Curator:Dr. Paul Callomon.E-mail: callomon@ansp.orgWebsite:http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/invertebrate_home.phpBAMZ — Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo. 40North Shore Road, Flatts Village, Bermuda (notcontacted).Website:http://www.bamz.orgBMNH — British Museum (Natural History). See theNatural History Museum (NHM).CLM-Sp. — City of Liverpool Museum (Argo SpongeCollection) [now called World Museum Liverpool].William Brown Street, Liverpool L3 8EN, UnitedKingdom (not contacted).Website:www.liverpoolmuseums.org.ukCUMZ — Cameron University Museum of Zoology.2800 W Gore Boulevard, Lawton 73505 Oklahoma,U.S.A. Curator: not contacted.E-mail: biosciences@cameron.eduWebsite:http://www.cameron.edu/biologyDZUSP — Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto deBiociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Ruado Matão, trav. 14, nº 321, Cidade Universitária,São Paulo – SP, Brasil, CEP: 05508-090. Curator:nonexistent.Website:http://marcus.ib.usp.brREMARKS: The Porifera collection of DZUSP wasclosed and the sponges were deposited at MNRJand MZUSP.HUJ-II — The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Invertebrate Collection. The National NaturalHistory Collections, Berman Building, Edmond J.Safra Campus. Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel.Director of the Collections: Prof. Alan Matthews.E-mail: alan@vms.huji.ac.ilWebsite:http://nnhc.huji.ac.il/default.asp?PageID=101IdO — Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba. The spongecollection was transferred in 2010 to the AcuarioNacional de Cuba. Avenida 3ra, Esquina 62,Miramar, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.Curator: Dr. María Victoria Orozco.E-mail: mariao@acuarionacional.cuWebsite:http://www.acuarionacional.cuINALI — Instituto Nacional de Limnología – ConsejoNacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,Universidad Nacional del Litoral. CiudadUniversitaria – Paraje “El Pozo” – 3000 Santa Fe,Argentina. Curator: Dr. Inés Ezcurra de Drago.E-mail: inesezcurra@arnet.com.arWebsite: http://www.inali.santafe-conicet.gov.ar/cvezcurra.htmINPA — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Petrópolis,69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil. Curator: Dr.Augusto Loureiro Henriques.E-mail: loureiro@inpa.gov.brWebsite: http://colecoes.inpa.gov.br/sb/invertebrados/html/INV-POR — Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas yPesqueras “José Benito Vives De Andréis” (PoriferaCollection). Cerro Punta de Betín, apartado aéreo1016 y 873 – Santa Marta, Colombia. Curator (notcontacted): Sandra Rincón Cabal, Asistente deDirección.E-mail: srinconc@invemar.org.coWebsite:http://www.invemar.org.coLMJG — Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz (Abteilungfür Zoologie). Currently called UniversalmuseumJoanneum, Zoology Center of Natural History.Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Germany. Curator:Dr. Ulrike Hausl-Hofstätter (not contacted).E-mail: ulrike.hausl-hofstaetter@museumjoanneum.atWebsite: http://www.museum-joanneum.at/en/zoologyMACN — Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales“Bernadino Rivadavia”, Invertebrate Collection.Av. Angel Gallardo 470. C1405DJR Buenos Aires,Argentina. Curator: Dr. Alejandro Tablado.20

Introductory SectionE-mail: tablado@macn.gov.arWebsite:http://www.macn.secyt.gov.arMCN — Museu de Ciências Naturais. FundaçãoZoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, PoriferaCollection. Av. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, JardimBotânico. CEP 90.690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Curator: Dr. Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro.E-mail: cecilia-ribeiro@fzb.rs.gov.brWebsite: http://www.tipos-mcn.fzb.rs.gov.br/webcompusat/colecao/fontes/index.php?s=35MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, HarvardUniversity. 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA02138, U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Adam J. Baldinger.E-mail:abaldinger@oeb.harvard.eduWebsite:http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/collectionsoperations/index.htmlMHNG — Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de la Ville deGenève. 1 route de Malagnou, CH-1208 Genève,Suisse. Curator: Dr. Ruth Desqueyroux-Faúndez.E-mail: ruth.faundez@mhn.ville-ge.chWebsite:http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/dpt_inve_coll.php#spongiairesMLP — Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/nº.B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Curator: Dr. Cristina Damborenea.E-mail: cdambor@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.arWebsite: http://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/abamuse.htmlMNHN — Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.57, rue Cuvier, CP51 75231, Paris cedex 05, France.Curator: Dr. Isabelle Domart-Coulon.E-mail: icoulon@mnhn.frWebsite: http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/foffice/science/science/ColEtBd/collectionsMuseum/collectionSci.xsp?i=1MNHNM — Museo Nacional de Historia Natural deMontevideo. 25 de mayo 582. CC. 399, CP. 11000Montevideo, Uruguay. Curator: not contacted.E-mail: mnhn@internet.com.uyWebsite:http://www.mnhn.gub.uyMNRJ — Departamento de Invertebrados, MuseuNacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.Quinta da Boa Vista s/n o ., São Cristóvão. CEP20.940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curators: Dr.Eduardo Hajdu and Dr. Guilherme Muricy.E-mail: eduardo.hajdu@gmail.commuricy@mn.ufrj.brWebsite:http://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.brMSNG — Museo Civico di Storia Naturale GiacomoDoria. Via Brigata Liguria 9. 16121 Genova, Italy.Curator: Dr. Maria Tavano.E-mail: mtavano@comune.genova.itWebsite: http://www.museidigenova.it/spip.php?rubrique29&lang=itMus.Torino-POR — Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturalidi Torino. Via Giolitti, 36, Torino, Italy. Curator: Dr.Elena Gavetti.E-mail: elena.gavetti@regione.piemonte.itWebsite: http://www.regione.piemonte.it/museoscienzenaturali/museo/storia.htmMZUS — Musée de Zoologie de l’Université deStrasbourg. 29 Boulevard de la Victoire,67000 Strasbourg, France. Curator: Dr. Marie-Dominique Wandhammer.E-mail: marie-dominique.wandhammer@strasbourg.euWebsite:http://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/index.php?page=musee-zooMZUSP — Museu de Zoologia, Universidade deSão Paulo. Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga. CEP04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Curator: Dr. LuisRicardo Lopes de Simone.E-mail: lrsimone@usp.brWebsite:http://www.mz.usp.brNHM — The Natural History Museum [formerly BritishMuseum (Natural History – BMNH)]. CromwellRoad, London SW7 5BD, UK. Curators: M.Sc. ClareValentine and M.Sc. Emma Sherlock.E-mail: c.valentine@nhm.ac.uke.sherlock@nhm.ac.ukWebsite: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/collections/departmental-collections/zoology-collections/index.htmlNMV — Museum Victoria. GPO Box 666, Melbourne,VIC 3001. Australia. Curator: Dr. Chris Rowley(not contacted).E-mail: crowley@museum.vic.gov.auWebsite:http://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co119RMNH — Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Leiden[former Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie].Darwinweg 2, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands.Curator: Dr. Koos van Egmond (not contacted).E-mail: collectie@ncbnaturalis.nlWebsite:http://science.naturalis.nl/collections21

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaSUNY-UWI — State University of New York, University ofthe West Indies Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay,Jamaica. Curator: Dr. Dale Webber (not contacted).E-mail: dale.webber@uwimona.edu.jmWebsite:http://www.mona.uwi.edu/cms/dbml.htmSZN — Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli.Villa Comunale80121, Napoli, Italy. Curator: notcontacted.E-mail: stazione.zoologica@szn.itWebsite:http://www.szn.itTHM — The Great North Museum: Hancock [formerlyThe Hancock Museum]. Barras Bridge,Newcastleupon Tyne,NE2 4PT, U.K. Curator: not contacted.Website: http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/ourcollections/naturalscienceUFBA-POR — Universidade Federal da Bahia, Museude Zoologia, Porifera Collection. Rua Barão deJeremoabo, s/n, Ondina. CEP 40.170-290 Salvador,BA, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Carla Menegola.E-mail: carlamms@ufba.brcarla.menegola@gmail.comWebsite: http://www.mzufba.ufba.br/WEB/Coleções_Porifera.htmlUFPEPOR — Porifera Collection, Departamento de Zoo–logia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UniversidadeFederal de Pernambuco. Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n,Cidade Universitária. CEP 50373-970 Recife, PE,Brazil. Curator: Dr. Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro.E-mail: uspinheiro@hotmail.comWebsite:http://www.ufpe.br/ccbUFRJPOR — Porifera Colection of the Departamento deZoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federaldo Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brigadeiro Trompowski s/n,CCS, Bloco A, sala A0-100, Ilha do Fundão. CEP21.941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curator: Dr.Michelle Klautau.E-mail: mklautau@biologia.ufrj.brWebsites: http://www.biologia.ufrj.br/zoologia.htmlhttp://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.brUSNM — Smithsonian Institution,National Museumof Natural History.10 th and Constitution Ave,NWWashington, DC 20560-0163, U.S.A. Curator:Dr. Klaus Rützler.E-mail: ruetzler@si.eduWebsite:http://invertebrates.si.eduYPM — Division of Invertebrate Zoology,PeabodyMuseum of Natural History,Yale University.170–210 Whitney Avenue,New Haven, CT 06511 U.S.A.Curator: Dr. Eric Lazo-Wasem.E-mail: eric.lazo-wasem@yale.eduWebsite:http://www.peabody.yale.edu/collections/izZIN RAN — Zoological Institute of the RussianAcademy of Sciences. Marine Research Laboratory.199034, 1, Universitetskaya Embankment,St. Petersburg, Russia. Curator: Dr. BorisIvanovich Sierenko (not contacted).E-mail: sbi@zisp.spb.suWebsite:http://www.zin.ru/index_e.htmZMAPOR — Zoological Museum, University ofAmsterdam; Mauritskade 57, 1092 AD, Amsterdam,The Netherlands. P.O. Box 94766. Curators: Dr. Robvan Soest and Mrs. Elly J. Beglinger.E-mail: R.W.M.vanSoest@uva.nlE.J.Beglinger@uva.nlWebsites: http://www.science.uva.nl/cms/zma/poriferahttp://www.science.uva.nl/zma/collections.cfmZMB-Por — Institut für Systematische Zoologie.Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Porifera Collection. Invalidenstraße 43,D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Curator: Dr. CarstenLüter.E-mail: carsten.lueter@mfn-berlin.deWebsite:http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.deZMH — Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg.Martin Luther King-Platz 320146 Hamburg,Germany. Curator: Dr. Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa.E-mail: andreas.schmidt-rhaesa@uni-hamburg.deWebsite: http://www.uni-hamburg.de/biologie/BioZ/zmhZMUC — Zoologisk Museum Universitet Copenhagen.Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen,Denmark. Curator: Dr. Ole Secher Tendal (notcontacted).E-mail: ostendal@snm.ku.dkWebsite:http://zoologi.snm.ku.dk/english/collections/invertebrates/Porifera7. Other abbreviations usedANA — Agência Nacional de Águas.H.P.S. — Hydroelectric Power Station.IBGE — Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.N.O.A.S. — Navio Oceanográfico Almirante Saldanha.R.V. — Research Vessel.22

Introductory Section8. AcknowledgementsWe thank all colleagues who sent reprints of theirarticles along the years. Special thanks to AdrianoB. Kury (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro) for theinspiration and suggestions on the format of thecatalogue. We are grateful to Philippe Willenz (InstitutRoyal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique) and Leandrade Oliveira (Library of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro)for the help to find old and difficult bibliography.Jacques Laborel kindly provided information onthe collection site of Crella (Grayella) spinosa; PedroAlcolado (Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba) providedinformation on the IdO sponge collection; and CíntiaRua (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro) helped with information on the genusPlacospongia. We thank Nicole Boury-Esnault (StationMarine d’Endoume) for help with the Calypsospecimens, revision of the manuscript and writing ofthe preface. Rob van Soest, Eduardo L. Esteves, EmílioLanna and George J. G. Santos made useful commentsthat improved the manuscript. Marcio R. Custódio(Universidade de São Paulo) is thanked for revision ofthe manuscript.We are particularly grateful to all curators whohelped us with information, loans, or help in visitsof the authors to their collections: Adam J. Baldinger(Museum of Comparative Zoology, HarvardUniversity); Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa and HelmaRoggenbuck (Zoological Institute and Museum ofHamburg); Alejandro Tablado (Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia”); BeatrizMothes, Cléa B. Lerner and Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro(Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânicado Rio Grande do Sul); Carsten Lüter (Museum fürNaturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin);Clare Valentine and Emma Sherlock (The NaturalHistory Museum, London); Cristina de Almeida RochaBarreira (Instituto de Ciências do Mar, UniversidadeFederal do Ceará); Cristina Damborenea (Museo de LaPlata, Argentina); Eric Lazo-Wasem, Lourdes M. Rojasand Daniel J. Drew (Peabody Museum of NaturalHistory, Yale University); Isabelle Domart-Coulon(Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris); KlausRützler (Smithsonian Institution,National Museumof Natural History); Konstantin Tabachnick (Instituteof Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of Russia);Paul Callomon (Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia); and Rob van Soest and Elly J. Beglinger(Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam).This study is part of the project “Desenvolvimentoda Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) doBrasil” (N o . SAP 4600177470 – ANPETRO 9784)of CENPES / PETROBRAS Thematic Network“Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho”. It has been alsosupported by grants from CNPq (Conselho Nacionalde Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) andFAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Apoio àPesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro).23

II. TAXONOMIC LISTPHYLUM PORIFERA GRANT, 1836CLASS CALCAREA BOWERBANK, 1864Subclass CALCARONEA BIDDER, 1898ORDER Leucosolenida HARTMAN, 1958Family Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6E Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Ute chrysalis Schmidt, 1864 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy & Row, 1913).K Amphoriscus synapta (Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872)Syculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 3.Sycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872: 288.Sycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288.Amphoriscus synapta, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 20.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Locality not informed.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (Haeckel, 1872 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Azevedo & Klautau,2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Sycarium synapta was transferred to Amphoriscusby Borojevic et al. (2000).E Leucilla Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Leucilla amphora Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy & Row, 1913).K Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) (new combination)Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890: 566; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 1; Santos et al., 2002b: 399.Leucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 21.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,1890 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Azevedo &Klautau, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) synonymised Leucillasacculata with L. australiensis Carter, 1885. Later on,Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987) synonymised L.australiensis and L. sacculata with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff,1883. We do not accept these synonymies becauseL. sacculata has only cortical tetractines and atrialtetractines, while L. australiensis has also corticaltriactines and has only atrial triactines. We also considerL. sacculata and L. uter as valid species until new analysesare done. Both species have very similar skeletons;however, in the original description Poléjaeff (1883)mentioned the presence of cortical diactines (probablytrichoxeas) in L. uter, which are absent in L. sacculata.K Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883: 53; Dendy & Row, 1913: 784;Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 35; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160.Amphoriscus chrysalis Burton, 1963: 545.Leucilla ?uter, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Leucilla australiensis, Borojevic, 1967: 221; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976: 1031 [non Leucilla australiensis (Carter,1886c)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1884.4.22.21. ParalectotypesBMNH 1884.4.22.30, 1884.4.22.31.TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda and Philippines.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Off Japaratinga (09 o 27’08”S–35 o 12’07”W, 27 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). OffPiaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba; 10 o 24’05”S–36 o 13’02”W,21 m depth; 10 o 28’09”S–36 o 15’05”W, 25 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State:Off Abrolhos (17 o 42’S–37 o 30’W, 50 m depth; 17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). OffBelmonte (16 o 02’S–38 o 28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Ceará State: OffCamocim (02 o 20’S–40 o 47’W, 35 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Paraíba State: Off JoãoPessoa (06 o 56’34”S–33 o 49’07”W, 11 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Pitimbu (07 o 29’0”S–34 o 45’0”W, 12 m depth; 07 o 29’0”S–34 o 45’0”W, 10 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08 o 09’03”S–34 o 49’03”W,22 m depth; 08 o 06’04”S–34 o 49’04”W, 19.5 m depth;08 o 14’01”S–34 o 51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; Borojevic &25

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPeixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Cabo de SantoAgostinho (08 o 16’07”S–34 o 54’01”W, 14.5 m depth;08 o 17’04”S–34 o 52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; 08 o 16’02”S–34 o 51’07”W, 22.5 m depth; 08 o 19’09”S–34 o 53’05”W, 19m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Paulista (07 o 50’S–34 o 44’05”W, 19-20 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá(07 o 45’S–34 o 46’08”W, 14-15 m depth; 07 o 42’S–34 o 46’05”W, 14-15 m depth; 07 o 45’S–34 o 43’05”W, 19-20 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Grande Seamount(3°28’00”S–36 o 06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (20 o 40’S–37 o 48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio de Janeiro State:Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Cabo Frio (Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Philippines (Poléjaeff, 1883;Burton, 1963), South Africa (Borojevic, 1967).REMARKS: (1) Leucilla australiensis (Carter, 1886c) wassynonymised with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 byBorojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987). However, we do notaccept this synonymy because L. australiensis has corticaltriactines and tetractines and atrial triactines, while L.uter has only tetractines on the cortex, tetractines onthe atrium, and cortical diactines. (2) The Brazilianspecimens identified as L. australiensis by Borojevic& Peixinho (1976) and as L. uter or L. ?uter by Muricyet al. (1991) and Muricy & Silva (1999) were probablymisidentified and should be revised. (3) Borojevic &Peixinho (1976) erroneously reported this species from07 o 36’S–34 o 52’W, a point inland in Pernambuco State.E Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Leucandra cucumis Haeckel, 1872 (by monoypy).K Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic,2004Leucilla ?australiensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Leucilla sp., Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,1999: 319.Paraleucilla magna Klautau et al., 2004: 03; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 87; Lanna et al., 2007b: 413; Longo et al., 2007:1751; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Junqueira et al., 2009:157; Zammit et al., 2009: 135; Lanna & Klautau, 2010:250; Santos et al., 2010b: 605; Turque et al., 2010: 7.Leucilla aff. australiensis, Nassar & Silva, 1999: 200 [nonLeucilla aff. australiensis sensu Junqueira et al., 2004: 53(invalid record, see remarks)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5147. Paratypes MNRJ 3921,5186.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Arraial do Cabo(Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cellbiology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Junqueiraet al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Itacuruçá (Junqueira etal., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Lôbo-Hajduet al., 1999 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 2004 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Lanna et al., 2007b [reproduction]; Salgado et al., 2007[genetics]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]; Lanna& Klautau, 2010 [reproduction]; Santos et al., 2010b[microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology]).São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Junqueiraet al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]).South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis(Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea: Italy (Longo et al.,2007; Zammit et al., 2009).REMARKS: (1) Paraleucilla magna is considered an exotic speciesboth in Brazil (Klautau et al., 2004; Junqueira et al., 2009;Lanna & Klautau, 2010) and in the Mediterranean Sea(Longo et al., 2007; Zammit et al., 2009). (2) Junqueira etal. (2004) recorded Leucilla aff. australiensis from Sepetiba,Rio de Janeiro State, probably referring to Paraleucillamagna; this record is not considered valid here because itwas based on unpublished academic works.K Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 07.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4961. ParatypesUFRJPOR 4925, 4930.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Botinas Islands, 1-3 m depth, Azevedo& Klautau, 2007 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso,Muricy & Klautau, 2009Paraleucilla sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 125.Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna et al., 2009: 19.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 417. ParatypesUFPEPOR 430, 564.26

Taxonomic ListTYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Grantiidae Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 9E Grantia Fleming, 1828For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Spongia compressa Fabricius, 1780 (by originaldesignation).K Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881: 136; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:1; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1017.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.16.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: VitóriaBank.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain (20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W, 20 o 38’05”S–37 o 28’W, 70 m depth; 20 o 40’S–37 o 48’W, 65 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reportedthis species from the city of Vitória. (2) Although treatedseparately here, Vitória Bank is part of the Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.K Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1019.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-4.Schizoholotype MNRJ 037.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Goiana(07 o 40’02”S–34 o 43’02”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá(02 o 40’05”N–48 o 03’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[original description]). Northeast Region: AlagoasState: Off Barra de Camaragibe (09 o 24’02”S–35 o 18’02”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[original description]). Off Maragogi (09 o 01’00”S–34 o 51’02”W, 54 m depth; 09 o 01’05”S–35 o 01’03”W,36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [originaldescription]). Off Paripueira (09 o 41’04”S–35 o 23’02”W,41 m depth; 09 o 41’S–35 o 18’W, 42 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off São Migueldos Milagres (09 o 20’06”S–35 o 10’07”W, 36 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W, 47m depth; 17 o 42’S–37 o 30’W, 50 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Belmonte(16 o 02’S–38 o 28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [original description]). Pernambuco State: OffCabo de Santo Agostinho (08 o 16’02”S–34 o 51’07”W, 25.5m depth; 08 o 16’S–34 o 51’07”W, 25.5 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Goiana(07 o 40’02”S–34 o 43’02”W, 19-20 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Recife(08 o 09’03”S–34 o 49’03”W, 22 m depth; 08 o 14’01”S–34 o 51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; 08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W, 30.5 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Off Caiçara do Norte(04 o 44’S–36 o 03’W, 73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Leucandra Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Sycinula egedii Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy & Row, 1913).K Leucandra armata (Urban, 1908)Leuconia armata Urban, 1908: 250; Urban, 1909: 24;Borojevic, 1967: 216; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026.Leucandra armata, Brøndsted, 1931: 38.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Francis Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off MarajóIsland (01 o 50’N–47 o 28’05”W, 77 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (09 o 01’05”S–35 o 01’03”W,36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba, 10 o 30’02”S–36 o 05’05”W,90 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W, 47 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). CearáState: Off Itarema (02 o 22’S–39 o 36’W, 62 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PernambucoState: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08 o 17’04”S–34 o 52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Off Recife (08 o 11’S–34 o 50’08”W, 20 mdepth; 08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá (07 o 45’S–34 o 43’05”W, 19-20 m depth; 07 o 44’03”S–34 o 37’03”W,33 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-27

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTrindade Seamounts Chain (20 o 25’S–35 o 00’W, 65m depth; 20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W, 70 m depth; 20 o 38’05”S–37 o 28’W, 70 m depth; 20 o 40’S–37 o 48’W, 65 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Urban, 1908, 1909;Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic, 1967).K Leucandra barbata (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)(new combination)Medon barbata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 111.Leuconia barbata, de Laubenfels, 1936: 195; Burton, 1963:236; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1023.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 50.Schizolectotypes USNM 31016, MNHN.D.NBE 1305.Paratype BMNH 1928.11.12.52.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State:Off Recife (08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (20 o 25’S–35 o 00’W, 65 m depth; 20 o 40’S–37 o 48’W,65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936); U.S.Virgin Islands (St. Thomas; Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864).REMARKS: As currently accepted (Borojevic et al., 2002a),species of Leucandra have a cortical skeleton of tangentialspicules with diactines, if present, penetrating thechoanosome; a disorganised choanoskeleton, with tracesof radial organization at the subatrial level; an atrialskeleton of triactines and/or tetractines; and sylleibid orleuconoid aquiferous system. Harpoon-shaped pugiolesare never present. Therefore, as L. barbata shows thesecharacteristics, it is here transferred to Leucandra.K Leucandra crassior Ridley, 1881 (new status and newcombination)Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881: 135 (non Leucandracaminus Haeckel, 1872).Aphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881: 135; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 2.Leuconia caminus, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: EspÍrito Santo State: VitóriaBank.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Olinda (08 o 00’S–34 o 32’03”W, 70-80 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Vitória Bank (Ridley,1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Ridley (1881) recorded Leucandra caminusHaeckel, 1872 and described Leucandra caminus var.crassior from Southeast Brazil (Vitória Bank, EspíritoSanto State), as he found differences in the spicules sizeof the specimens. In 1976, Borojevic & Peixinho acceptedthe synonymy of Leucandra caminus var. crassior withLeucandra caminus, as proposed by Burton (1963) andcited L. caminus from Pernambuco State. However,analysing the original description and the drawings madeby Haeckel of L. caminus, we believe that this species isdifferent from the Brazilian specimens studied by Ridley(1881) and Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). According toHaeckel (1872), L. caminus is composed of clathratetubes. Therefore, we propose here the elevation of thevariety Leucandra caminus var. crassior to the speciescategory and we consider that the Brazilian specimensdescribed as L. caminus belong to L. crassior. (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this speciesfrom the city of Vitória.K Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908: 777; Ferrer-Hernandez,1918: 15.Leuconia crosslandi, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1028.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista Island.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (07 o 29’S–34 o 45’W, 12 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde Islands (Thacker, 1908), Spain(Asturias; Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918).K Leucandra rudifera (Poléjaeff, 1883)Leuconia rudifera Poléjaeff, 1883: 58; Burton, 1956: 117;Burton, 1963: 292.Leucandra rudifera, Thacker, 1908: 773; Moraes et al., 2006:167.Leucandra globosa, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.42-44.TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al.,1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883); Cape Verde(Thacker, 1908); West Africa, South Africa (Burton,1956, 1963).28

Taxonomic ListREMARKS: The specimens from Brazil identified as Leucandraglobosa Sarà, 1951 are here included in the synonymof Leucandra rudifera. Burton (1963) considered theseand several other species, including the homonymousLeucandra globosa Tanita, 1943, as synonyms ofLeucandra barbata (as Leuconia). We prefer to considerthem as separate species until a more complete studyis done. The Brazilian specimens are more similar to L.rudifera and, if they prove to be synonymous, the nameL. rudifera would have priority.K Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1013.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-3.Schizoholotype MNRJ 039.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W, 42 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931: 40.Leuconia hentschelii, Borojevic, 1967: 220; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976: 1030.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Simonstown.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08 o 16’07”S–34 o 54’01”W,14.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Recife (08 o 10’04”S–34 o 45’05”W, 29.5 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic,1967).K Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 11; Muricy etal., 2008: 126; Lanna et al., 2009: 16; Ignacio et al., 2010:Table S1.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4878. ParatypesUFRJPOR 4879, 4881.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dosReis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau,2007 [original description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio etal., 2010 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6E Grantessa Lendenfeld, 1885For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Grantessa sacca Lendenfeld, 1885a (bymonotypy).E Sycettusa Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Sycetta stauridia Haeckel, 1872 (by monotypy).K Sycettusa flamma (Poléjaeff, 1883) (new combination)Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883: 49; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 2.Grantessa flamma, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1011.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.25.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(03 o 49’N–49 o 40’W, 106 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1883 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Grantessa flamma has an inarticulated skeletonand therefore it fits better in Sycettusa than in Grantessaas currently defined (Borojevic et al., 2002a). (2) TheChallenger crew used the old name Bahia referring tothe city currently known as Salvador, the capital of BahiaState (cf. introductory section).K Sycettusa hastifera (Row, 1909) (new combination)Grantilla hastifera Row, 1909: 200.Grantessa hastifera, Dendy, 1913: 19; Muricy et al., 1991:1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.Sycettusa cf. hastifera, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 16.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1912.2.1.7.TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan: Suez (Red Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [description]).Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea: Sudan (Row, 1909); IndianOcean (Providence; Dendy, 1913).REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Brazil(Azevedo & Klautau, 2007).K Sycettusa pelagica (Ridley, 1881)29

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaNardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881: 133; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 3.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.17.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo State: VitóriaBank.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Burton (1963) transferred this species to thegenus Sycettusa. (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneouslyreported this species from the city of Vitória.E Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Heteropia macera Carter, 1886a (by subsequentdesignation, Dendy & Row, 1913).K Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940: 146; Borojevic, 1971: 529;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (there is no indication if from theAtlantic or the Pacific coast).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Hôzawa, 1940).K Vosmaeropsis sericatum (Ridley, 1881)Aphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881: 134; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 2.Leuconia sericatum, Breitfuss, 1898c: 463.Leucandra sericata, Thacker, 1908: 776.Vosmaeropsis sericatum, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1015.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1879.12.27.15.Paralectotype BMNH 1880.9.1.24-28.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State:Off Calçoene (03 o 49’N–49 o 40’W; 03 o 16’N–49 o 15’05”W (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Off Maceió (09 o 41’04”S–35 o 28’02”W, 36 m depth;09 o 46’02”S–35 o 34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Maragogi(09 o 01’05”S–35 o 01’03”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Marechal Deodoro(09 o 53’03”S–35 o 41’03”W, 41 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontaldo Peba, 10 o 26’03”S–36 o 03’03”W, 40 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: OffAbrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State:Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08 o 16’02”S–34 o 51’07”W,25.5 m depth; 08 o 19’04”S–34 o 51’06”W, 26.5 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (03 o 48.6’S–32 o 24.8’W,52 m depth; 03 o 50’07”S–32 o 28’01”W, 65 m depth;03 o 50’08”S–32 o 27’05”W, 55 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08 o 01’05”S–34 o 39’03”W, 38 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Off Recife (08 o 09’09”S–34 o 45’08”W, 27m depth; 08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da CoroaGrande (08 o 56’02”S–35 o 02’07”W, 32 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (03 o 50’S–33 o 54’W, 47-54 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). GrandeSeamount (3°28’S–36 o 06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Touros (04 o 41’S–35 o 24’05”W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Punta Arenas, Strait of Magellan;Breitfuss, 1898c); Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908).REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reportedthis species from the city of Vitória. (2) Borojevic &Peixinho (1976) reported this species from “Calypsosta. 17, 30 o 48.6’S–32 o 24.8’W”, a point located 1600 kmE of Santa Catarina State coast, in the SW Atlantic. Weinterpreted this as a missprint of 03 o 48.6’S–32 o 24.8’W,located in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, inagreement with Forest (1966).Family Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Leucosolenia Bowerbank, 1864For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Spongia botryoides Ellis & Solander, 1786 (byoriginal designation).K Leucosolenia arachnoides (Haeckel, 1872)Ascandra variabilis var. arachnoides Haeckel, 1872: 108.Leucosolenia arachnoïdes, Borojevic, 1967: 192.Leucosolenia arachnoides, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976:1005; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999:161.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.30

Taxonomic ListTYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Atlantic Ocean (locality not specified –from Norway to South Africa).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, England, Scotland, Ireland, NWFrance, Morocco (Haeckel, 1872), South Africa (Haeckel,1872; Borojevic, 1967).Family Sycettidae Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5E Sycon Risso, 1826For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).Type species: Sycon humboldti Risso, 1826 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy, 1892).K Sycon ampulla (Haeckel, 1870)Sycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1870: 238; Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycum alopecurus, Haeckel, 1870: 239.Sycum petiolatum, Haeckel, 1870: 239.Sycon petiolatus, Haeckel, 1870: 239.Sycandra ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 308; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 2.Syconella ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycinula ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycodendrum ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycandra alopecurus, Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycandra petiolata, Haeckel, 1872: 309.Sycon ampulla, Topsent, 1892a: 22; Stephens, 1912: 11;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.Sycon ampullum, Jenkin, 1908: 443.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Atlantic coast of South America (locality notinformed).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Locality not informed (Haeckel, 1872 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Muricy & Silva,1999 [checklist]). South Region: santa catarinaState: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 1872 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Ireland (Stephens, 1912); Venezuela(Haeckel, 1872); East South America (Pico Fayal;Topsent, 1892a); East Africa (Wasin; Jenkin, 1908); NWFrance (Bay of Biscay).REMARKS: Haeckel (1872) and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) usedthe old name of Florianópolis, Destêrro, for the localityof collection.K Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971: 528.Sycon braziliense, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1971-2. ParatypeMNRJ unregistered (lost).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Cabo de SãoTomé.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1008.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-2.Schizoholotype MNRJ 038 (slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Sycon pentactinale Rossi, Farina, Borojevic & Klautau,2006Sycon pentactinalis Rossi et al., 2006: 262.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1716. Paratypes MNRJ9646-9649.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: AlcatrazesArchipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Alcatrazes Archipelago (Rossi et al., 2006 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The epiteth pentactinalis is here changed topentactinale because the genus name Sycon is neutral,not masculin (Rob van Soest, pers. comm., 2010).K Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971: 22; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976: 1007; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva,1999: 161.TYPE SPECIMENS: Not located.TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Punta Manara.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (08 o 06’04”S–34 o 49’04”W, 19.5 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Muricy & Silva,1999 [checklist]). South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994[description]).31

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà & Gaino,1971).Subclass Calcinea BIDDER, 1898ORDER CLATHRINIDA HARTMAN, 1958Family Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 14E Clathrina Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).Type species: Grantia clathrus Schmidt, 1864.K Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti,Hajdu & Klautau, 2007Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5859. Paratype MNRJ10410.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: AlcatrazesArchipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Alcatrazes Archipelago (8 m depth; Lanna et al., 2007a[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 5.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4866. ParatypesUFRJPOR 4864, 4873.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (2 m depth; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971: 527; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976: 995; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987:2; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 48;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001:399; Klautau & Valentine 2003: 5; Ferreira et al., 2006:1343.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2096. Paratype MNHN.LBIM.C 1971-1.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo de SãoTomé.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off AugustoCorrêa (00 o 38’N–45 o 52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy etal., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Ferreiraet al., 2006 [bioinvasion]). Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic,1971 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine2003 [description]). South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic: France, Spain (Bay of Biscay;Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987).K Clathrina aspina Klautau, Solé-Cava & Borojevic,1994Clathrina aspina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau &Valentine, 2003: 6; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 4.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.3. ParatypeMNRJ 4053 (not located).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (2 m depth, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a[original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau &Valentine, 2003 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina atlantica (Thacker, 1908)Leucosolenia atlantica Thacker, 1908: 760; Tanita, 1943: 380.Clathrina atlantica, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 994; Klautau& Valentine, 2003: 7.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype CUMZ-R.N.5. Paratype CUMZ-R.N.4. Slide from the holotype BMNH 1924.7.2.6. Slidefrom the paratype BMNH 1924.7.2.5.TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: OffItarema (02 o 10’S–39 o 50’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Grande Seamount (3°28’S–36 o 06’05”W, 61 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). OffNatal (05 o 45’05”S–34 o 58’05”W, 45 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908; Klautau &Valentine, 2003); Japan (Tanita, 1943).REMARKS: There are important morphological differencesbetween specimens of C. atlantica from Cape Verde,32

Taxonomic ListJapan, and Brazil. They are probably different species andthe Brazilian population might need a new species name,but molecular studies are required to test this hypothesis.K Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault,Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 385; Muricy et al.,1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Muricy & Moraes,1998: 215; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santos et al., 2002b:398; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau & Valentine2003: 9; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova etal., 2004: 651; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 85; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554; Muricy etal., 2008: 128; Lanna et al., 2009: 4; Santos et al.,2010b: 605.Clathrina sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-1. ParatypeBMNH 1999.9.19.6.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al.,2009 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dosBúzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraialdo Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Solé-Cava etal., 1991 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993[pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001[description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]).São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al.,2007a [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]; Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). SãoSebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault, Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971: 526 (non Clathrinacerebrum (Haeckel, 1872) [new synonym]).Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 382; Klautauet al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau &Borojevic, 2001: 403; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 11.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-2.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Arraial do Cabo (Solé-Cava et al., 1991 [originaldescription]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001[description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The specimens described as Clathrina cerebrumby Borojevic (1971) were reexamined here. Theypresent several rows of spines in the apical actine ofthe tetractines, which is a diagnostic characteristic of C.brasiliensis (Figure 3 in Borojevic, 1971).K Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001Clathrina primordialis sensu Borojevic, 1971: 527; Mothes deMoraes, 1985b: 228; Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy& Silva, 1999: 160 [non Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel,1872)].Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 404; Klautau& Valentine, 2003: 18; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 86; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.19.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Mothes de Moraes,1985b [description]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic,2001 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Riode Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy,2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna etal., 2007a [description]). Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina cylindractina Klautau, Solé-Cava &Borojevic, 1994Clathrina cylindractina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 407; Klautau& Valentine, 2003: 24.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.21.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.33

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a [originaldescription]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau &Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408;Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 35.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.30.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [originaldescription]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Clathrina reticulum (Schmidt, 1862)Nardoa reticulum Schmidt, 1862: 18; Schmidt, 1869: 91;Schmidt, 1870: 73.Tarrus reticulatus, Haeckel, 1870: 244.Nardopsis reticulum, Haeckel, 1870: 247.Ascandra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 87; Vosmaer, 1881: 5;Lendenfeld, 1891: 39; Breitfuss, 1898d: 92; Brøndsted,1914: 530.Olynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Clistolynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Soleniscus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Nardorus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Tarrus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Auloplegma reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Ascometra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.Ascandra retiformis, Haeckel, 1872: 88; Breitfuss, 1932: 243.Clathrina reticulum, Minchin, 1896: 359; Borojevic, 1967:189; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 993; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 12; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 36.Leucosolenia reticulum, Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932:243; Topsent, 1934b: 9; Breitfuss, 1935: 14; Topsent, 1936:22; Hôzawa, 1940: 32; Arndt, 1940: 4; Tanita, 1942b: 82;Tanita, 1943: 386.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1896.9.15.13.TYPE LOCALITY: France: Banyuls-sur-Mer (NW Mediterranean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off AugustoCorrêa (00 o 38’N–45 o 52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08 o 09’09”S–34 o 45’08”W, 27 m depth; 08 o 16’01”S–34 o 19’09”W, 35.5m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20 o 25’S–35 o 00’W, 65 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Arctic (e.g., Breitfuss, 1932), northeastAtlantic (e.g., Schmidt, 1869; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault,1987), “extreme western north and Iceland” (Schmidt,1870), Adriatic Sea (Breitfuss, 1935), MediterraneanSea (e.g., Schmidt, 1862; Haeckel, 1872; Topsent, 1934b,1936; Tanita, 1942b), Portugal (Arndt, 1940), SouthAfrica (Borojevic, 1967), Japan (e.g., Hôzawa, 1940;Tanita, 1943).REMARKS: The identification of the Brazilian specimens isdoubtful and needs revision.K Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408; Klautau& Valentine, 2003: 42; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.33.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [originaldescription]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Lanna et al., 2007a[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).Type species: Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 (bymonotypy).K Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868: 221; Borojevic &Boury-Esnault, 1987: 14; Barthel & Tendal, 1993: 84;Janussen et al., 2003: 17; Rapp, 2006: 352.Ascetta blanca, Haeckel, 1872: 38; Hansen, 1885: 20;Lendenfeld, 1891: 34; Arnesen, 1901: 9; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 3.Leucosolenia blanca, Lackschewitsch, 1886: 300; Breitfuss,1896: 426; Breitfuss, 1898a: 13; Breitfuss, 1898e: 105;Breitfuss, 1911: 224; Derjugin, 1915: 289; Breitfuss, 1927:27; Arndt, 1928: 19; Hôzawa, 1929: 282; Brøndsted, 1931:12; Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932: 240; Breitfuss,1935: 7; Breitfuss, 1936: 5; Topsent, 1936: 9; Arndt, 1941:45; Tanita, 1942b: 75.Clathrina blanca, Minchin, 1896: 359; Jenkin, 1908: 438;Borojevic, 1971: 525; Ereskovsky, 1995: 730.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Canary Islands: Lanzarote.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971 [description]). South Region:Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 187234

Taxonomic List[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Arctic (Hansen, 1885); Barents Sea –Spitzbergen (Breitfuss, 1896, 1898a, 1898b, 1932); NWRussia (Breitfuss, 1911; Derjugin, 1915); White Sea(Barthel & Tendal, 1993; Ereskovsky, 1995); CanaryIslands - Lanzarote (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868; Haeckel,1872); Bay of Biscaye (Borojevic & Boury-Esnault,1987); Norwegian coast (Arnesen, 1901; Burton, 1930;Breitfuss, 1936; Janussen et al., 2003; Rapp, 2006). BalticSea (Breitfuss, 1927; Arndt, 1928). Adriatic Sea (Lesina;Lendenfeld, 1891; Breitfuss, 1935). Mediterranean Sea(Lackschewitsch, 1886; Minchin, 1896; Topsent, 1936).South Africa, Indian Ocean, California, Philippines(Haeckel, 1872). Japan (Haeckel, 1872; Hôzawa, 1929;Tanita, 1943). East Africa (Jenkin, 1908). Antarctic(Brøndsted, 1931).REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species probably isa species complex and needs revision. (2) Haeckel (1872)and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) referred to Florianópolisby its old name, Destêrro.K Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 998.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-1.Schizoholotype MNRJ 040.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos (17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Leucaltis Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).Type species: Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequentdesignation, Dendy & Row, 1913).1885a: 1107; Dendy, 1892: 113; Dendy, 1893: 242; Hanitsch,1895: 209; Dendy, 1905: 230; Jenkin, 1908: 453.Leucaltis bathybia var. mascarenica Ridley, 1884: 628.Clathrina latitubulata Carter, 1886b: 515.Heteropegma latitubulata, Dendy, 1892: 114.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1968.667 (cf.Borojevic et al., 2002b).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off MarajóIsland (01 o 57’05”N–47 o 13’05”W, 93 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Off Coruripe (10 o 12’06”S–36 o 00’05”W,21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Ceará State: Off Itarema (02 o 10’S–39 o 50’W, 65 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas (03 o 50’S–33 o 54’W, 47-55 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Caiçara do Norte (04 o 44’S–36 o 03’W, 73 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Grande Seamount (3°28’0.00”S–36 o 06’05”W, 61 mdepth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Sergipe State:Off Pacatuba (off the mouth of São Francisco River,10 o 42’S–36 o 22’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain(20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel,1872), off Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883), Portugal (Hanitsch,1895; Arndt, 1940). Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka (Dendy,1905), Amirante Group, Seychelles (Ridley, 1884; Dendy,1913), Egmont reef (Dendy, 1913; Hôzawa, 1940),Cargados Carajos (Dendy, 1913); E Africa (Wasin; Jenkin,1908), N and S Australia (Carter, 1886b; Dendy, 1892,1893; Poléjaeff, 1883). Western Pacific: New Caledonia(Borojevic, 1998; Borojevic & Klautau, 2000), Japan(Tanita, 1943).REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species strongly needsrevision (Borojevic e al., 2002b).K Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159; Dendy, 1913: 16;Hôzawa, 1940: 136; Arndt, 1940: 46; Tanita, 1943: 394;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1002; Borojevic, 1998: 75;Wörheide & Hooper, 1999: 877; Borojevic & Klautau,2000: 190; Borojevic et al., 2002b: 1148; Muricy et al.,2008: 131; Lanna et al., 2009: 13.Artynas clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159.Heteropegma nodus gordii Poléjaeff, 1883: 45; Lendenfeld,Family Leucascidae Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3E Ascaltis Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).TYPE SPECIes: Ascaltis lamarcki Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequentdesignation, Borojevic, 1968).35

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Ascaltis poterium (Haeckel, 1872)Ascetta primordialis var. poterium Haeckel, 1872: 17.Clathrina poterium, Ridley, 1881: 133.Ascetta poterium, Lendenfeld, 1885a: 898; Lendenfeld, 1885b:1084.Leucosolenia poterium, Poléjaeff, 1883: 35; Breitfuss, 1898c:457; Breitfuss, 1932: 242.Ascaltis poterium, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1000.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Australia.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Haeckel, 1872; Poléjaeff, 1883;Lendenfeld, 1885a, 1885b), Arctic (Breitfuss, 1932), Chile(Ridley, 1881; Breitfuss, 1898c).REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species also needsrevision.E Leucascus Dendy, 1892For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).Type species: Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 (by subsequentdesignation, Dendy & Row, 1913).K Leucascus roseus Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti, Hajdu &Klautau, 2007Leucascus roseus Lanna et al., 2007a: 1558; Muricy et al.,2008: 129; Lanna et al., 2009: 5.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5827.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: AlcatrazesArchipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region:São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al.,2007a [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892: 77; Kirk, 1897: 313; Dendy,1913: 9; Row & Hôzawa, 1931: 742; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976: 1001; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes NMV F42415, F42416, F42418,F42419, BMNH 1925.11.1.34, 1925.11.1.34a (slide ofBMNH 1925.11.1.34), NMV F42417 (slide of BMNH1925.11.1.34), BMNH 1925.11.1.1730 (slide of NMVF42418), BMNH 1925.11.1.1731 (slide of NMVF42419).TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off AugustoCorrêa (00 o 38’N–45 o 52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Port Jackson (Dendy, 1892),Port Phillip Heads (Dendy, 1892), Shark’s Bay District,Geraldton District, Freemantle, Bunbury (Row &Hôzawa, 1931). Indian Ocean: Providence, Seychelles(Dendy, 1913). New Zealand (Kirk, 1897).REMARKS: The Brazilian specimens were probably misidentifiedand their identity should be checked.Family Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2E Leucetta Haeckel, 1872For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).Type species: Leucetta primigenia Haeckel, 1872 (by originaldesignation).K Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872)Leucaltis floridana Haeckel, 1872: 144.Dyssycus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144.Lipostomella floridana, Haeckel, 1872: 144.Amphoriscus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144.Leucaltis pura Haeckel, 1872: 144.Leucaltis impura Haeckel, 1872: 144.Leucilla floridana, Jenkin, 1908: 453.Leucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a: 111; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976: 1003.Leucetta floridana, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 146; Moraes et al.,2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 132; Valderrama et al.,2009: 9; Lanna et al., 2009: 7.Leucetta aff. floridana, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 99.Leucetta sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Burton, 1963).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off AugustoCorrêa (00 o 38’N–45 o 52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Off Barra de Santo Antonio(09 o 27’08”S–35 o 12’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Coruripe (10 o 12’06”S–36 o 00’05”W, 21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Off Japaratinga (09 o 11’01”S–34 o 57’W, 52m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). OffMaceió (09 o 46’02”S–35 o 34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontaldo Peba, 10 o 30’02”S–36 o 05’05”W, 90 m depth; Borojevic36

Taxonomic List& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: Abrolhos(Abrolhos Archipelago, Tanita, 1942a [description]; Parceldas Paredes, Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). OffAbrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18 o 09’S–38 o 20’W, 33 m depth;18 o 06’S–38 o 42’W, 37 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Ceará State: Locality not informed(Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Acaraú(02 o 04’S–40 o 13’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Off Bitupitá (02 o 20’S–41 o 20’W, 65m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Canopus Seamount (02 o 15’S–38 o 15’W, 69-72 m depth;Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Caucaia(03 o 12’S–38 o 30’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Off Fortaleza (02 o 49’S–38 o 15’W,72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Itarema (02 o 10’S–39 o 50’W, 65 m depth; 02 o 22’S–39 o 36’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Off Trairi (02 o 52’05”S–38 o 49’W, 72m depth; 02 o 52’S–39 o 04’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Maranhão State: OffSão Luís (00 o 56’S–43 o 41’05”W, 49 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Paraíba State: OffJoão Pessoa (07 o 08’S–34 o 26’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Rio Tinto(06 o 47’S–34 o 36’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Cabode Santo Agostinho (08 o 20’S–34 o 39’W, 73-74 m depth;08 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,1976 [description]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al.,2009 [description]). Off Goiana (07 o 40’S–34 o 28’07”W,60-88 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Itamaracá (07 o 45’S–34 o 33’W, 40 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08 o 00’S–34 o 46’W, 20-24 m depth; 08 o 00’S–34 o 39’07”W, 33 mdepth; 08 o 00’S–34 o 32’03”W, 70-80 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08 o 10’04”S–34 o 45’05”W, 29.5 m depth; 08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W, 30.5 mdepth; 08 o 16’01”S–34 o 19’09”W, 35.5 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da CoroaGrande (08 o 56’02”S–34 o 57’07”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (03 o 50’S–33 o 54’W, 47-54 m depth(Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al., 2009[description]). Off Caiçara do Norte (04 o 44’S–36 o 03’W,73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Off Icapuí (04 o 27’S–37 o 04’W, 58 m depth; Borojevic& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Macau (4 o 40’S–36 o 34’W, 63 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976[description]). Off Natal (05 o 41’05”S–35 o 05’06”W,23 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];Lanna et al., 2009 [description]; Valderrama et al.,2009 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Pacatuba(10 o 42’07”S–36 o 31’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic &Peixinho, 1976 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel,1872), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Colombia,Panama (Valderrama et al., 2009), Jamaica (Lehnert &van Soest, 1998). Indian Ocean: ?Wasin (East Africa;Jenkin, 1908).REMARKS: The record from Wasin by Jenkin (1908) needsconfirmation (cf. Borojevic & Klautau, 2000).K Leucetta potiguar Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso, Muricy& Klautau, 2009Leucetta sp., Valderrama et al., 2009: 5.Leucetta potiguar Lanna et al., 2009: 9.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 569. ParatypesUFPEPOR 588, 591.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Localitynot informed (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics]; Lannaet al., 2009 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics];Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE SOLLAS, 1885aORDER AGELASIDA HARTMAN, 1980Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8E Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see van Soest (2002a).TYPE SPECIes: Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864:76 (by subsequent designation; Burton & Rao, 1932).K Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870)Chalinopsis clathrodes Schmidt, 1870: 60.Agelas clathrodes, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 131; Collette &Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 110; Zea, 1987:217; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 98; Kobluk & van Soest,1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 63; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:37

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera81; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest,1999: 154; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Moraes et al., 2003:17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraeset al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Ferreira et al.,2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Oliveira, 2007a: 31;Muricy et al., 2008: 81; Lira et al., 2010: 158.Agelas clatrodis, Neves & Omena, 2003: 125 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: “Types” (fragments) BMNH 1870.5.3.161,MZUS PO-138 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Caracas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Oliveira,2007a [description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEEsta. C5-12R, 17.042 o S–37.608 o W, 50 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Bezerra& Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio StatePark, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archi-pelago(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife(Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy &Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraeset al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Oliveira,2007a [description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain(REVIZEE sta. C2-22F, 20.604 o S–35.860 o W, 110 m depth;REVIZEE sta. C2-23R, 20.483 o S–36.100 o W, 60 m depth;REVIZEE sta. C5-44R, 20.857 o S–33.636 o W, 65 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed(Oliveira, 2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Dominican Republic(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990),Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), PuertoRico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Venezuela (Schmidt, 1870; Alvarez et al., 1990).K Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)Chalinopsis conifera Schmidt, 1870: 60.Agelas conifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 108; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl,1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154; Rützler etal., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2006: 141.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone,1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBoipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo state: Off Vitória (REVIZEEsta. C5-34R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50 m depth; Muricyet al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (REVIZEE sta. C2-29R, 19.800 o S–37.773 o W, 58 mdepth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeirostate: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta.C6-Y2, 22.382 o S–37.588 o W, 270 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870), Belize (Rützler etal., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), DominicanRepublic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & vanSoest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz, 2005), PuertoRico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,1990), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).K Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 76; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 107; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216; Alvarezet al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy& Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154;Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; van Soest,2002a: 820; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena,2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701;Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cedroet al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 85; Muricy et al., 2008:83; Moraes, 2009: 362.Agelas sparsus (Gray, 1867) sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santoset al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 391.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 607.TYPE LOCALITies: Guadeloupe; St. Martin; U.S. Virgin Islands:St. Croix, St. Thomas; Puerto Rico: Vieques (cf.Wiedenmayer, 1977).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off themouth of the Amazon River (00º26’00”S–47º35’05”W,24-25 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]).Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedroet al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos(Calypso sta. 80, 18 o 09’S–38 o 30’W, 50 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Ceará State: Locality not informed(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999[checklist]). Off Beberibe (REVIZEE NE sta. 210,3 o 50.5598’S–37 o 37.6930’W, 116 m depth; Santos et al.,38

Taxonomic List1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedrada Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira etal., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: OffBarreirinhas (01º55’00”S–42º44’00”W, 63 m depth;Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22,8 o 15’S–34 o 42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 m depth; Calypso sta. 25, 8 o 22’S–34 o 44’W, 38-52 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3 o 51’S–33 o 50’W, 27 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue,REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4 o 38.7100’S–36 o 44.6629’W,52 m depth; sta. 215, 4 o 38.4941’S–36 o 42.9565’W, 77.5m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cavaet al., 1981 [description]). Off São Mateus (Calypso sta.90, 18 o 51’S–39 o 08’W, 49 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-23R,20.483 o S–36.100 o W, 60 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-45R,20.951 o S–34.006 o W, 125 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382 o S–37.588 o W,270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Bonaire(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987),Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz,2005), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), St. Martin(Wiedenmayer, 1977), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).K Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)Alcyonium sceptrum Lamarck, 1815: 163.Agelas sceptrum, Alcolado, 1976: 5; Zea, 1987: 215; van Soest& Stentoft, 1988: 100; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 50; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 155;Mothes et al., 2007a: 84 (for further synonymy see Zea,1987: 215).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (LamarckCollection).TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 100 mdepth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Off Turiaçu(00º22’00”S–44º52’00”W, 72 m depth; Mothes et al.,2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea,1987), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Jamaica (Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998, 1999), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).K Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902: 398; Zea, 1987: 210; van Soest& Stentoft, 1988: 102; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156; Alcolado,2002: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 86; Muricy & Heim,2007a: 32; Muricy et al., 2008: 84 (non Agelas schmidtisensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 [= Agelas wiedenmayeriAlcolado, 1984]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 7683.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Off St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). OffBelmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W,83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEEsta. C5-4R, 14.808 o S–38.917 o W, 20 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Maranhão State: Off Tutóia(Parnaíba River Delta, 02º14.21’49”S–42º00.12’20”W, 72m depth; 02º12’00”S–41º48’00”W, 56 m depth; Mothes etal., 2007a [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality notinformed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). OffItaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C5-17R, 18.663 o S–37.870 o W, 65m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849 o S–40.167 o W, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-46R,20.676 o S–34.589 o W, 108 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Rio deJaneiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim,2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Colombia (Zea, 1987),U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902),Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).39

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156: Muricyet al., 2008: 85.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11322.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998,1999).K Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 67; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1999: 156; Muricy et al., 2006: 141.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11323.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W,83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1999).K Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984Agelas schmidti sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 (non Agelasschmidti Wilson, 1902).Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984: 11; Mothes et al., 2007a:87.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO-409.TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Havana.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off São Luís (01º34’36”S–43º15’57”W, 60 m depth;00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Mothes et al.,2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba(Alcolado, 1984).ORDER ASTROPHORIDA SOLLAS, 1888Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 7 SPECIES: 19E Asteropus Sollas, 1888Type species: Stellettinopsis simplex Carter, 1879b (bymonotypy).K Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992Asteropus simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel,1976: 252; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Santos et al., 2002b:388 (non Asteropus simplex Carter, 1879b).Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 4; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado, 2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b:388; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 41.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3022. ParatypesUFRJPOR 2575, 2814, 2889, 2908, 2913, 2915a, 2974,3027, 3038.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [originaldescription]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy etal., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).K Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992Stellettinopsis ketostea sensu Alcolado, 1980: 6 (nonStellettinopsis ketostea de Laubenfels, 1950 [= Asteropusketostea]).Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 10; Alcolado, 2002:56; Muricy et al., 2008: 43.Holoxea sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (new synonym).TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMAPOR 5715.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Curaçao(Hajdu & van Soest, 1992).E Holoxea Topsent, 1892Type species: Holoxea furtiva Topsent, 1892b (by monotypy).K Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel, 1976:252; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964 (Fig.5A).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte40

Taxonomic ListState: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3 o 51’S–33 o 50’W,27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen depositedin the MNHN collection. (2) Santos et al. (2002b)erroneously recorded this species from Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.E Jaspis Gray, 1867Type species: Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).K Jaspis johnstonii (Schmidt, 1862)Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862: 78.Coppatias johnstoni, Topsent, 1900: 270.Jaspis johnstoni, Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 59; van Soest,1993: 210.Jaspis johnstonii, Uriz, 2002a: 115.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes LMJG 15256, 15258, 15268, 15649(cf. Uriz, 2002a).TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (31 o 02’S–49 o 37’W, 150 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1978 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde, Croatia, Spain (Mediterraneancoast), France (NE Atlantic coast) (Schmidt, 1862;Topsent, 1900; Uriz, 2002a). Tropical West Africa (vanSoest, 1993).K Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976:254.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956 (Fig.5B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Off São Mateus(18 o 51’S–39 o 08’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18 o 51’S–39 o 08’W, 49m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen deposited inthe MNHN collection.E Penares Gray, 1867For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).Type species: Stelletta helleri Schmidt, 1864 (bymonotypy).K Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976:253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029 (Fig.5C, D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (9 o 40’S–35 o 18’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffMaceió (Calypso sta. 31, 9 o 40’S–35 o 18’W, 50 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen deposited inthe MNHN collection.K Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976:253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944 (Fig. 5E).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W, 42 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We fixed here the singlespecimen deposited in the MNHN collection as theholotype by monotypy.E Rhabdastrella Thiele, 1903For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).Type species: Coppatias distinctus Thiele, 1900 (by originaldesignation).K Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983Rhabdastrella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) fibrosa Hechtel, 1983: 81; Santos etal., 2002b: 388.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5730 (Fig. 5F).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).41

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The subgeneric classification was abandonedfollowing Uriz (2002a).K Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973: 270; Hechtel,1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023 (Fig.5G).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen deposited inthe MNHN collection.E Stelletta Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).Type species: Stelletta grubei Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequentdesignation; Burton & Rao, 1932).K Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886)Pilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 132.Stelletta anancora, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel,1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 212 (non Stelletta anancorasensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a: 68;Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59 [= Stelletta gigas]).Myriastra anancora, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269.Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora, Hechtel, 1976: 242.?Stelletta cf. anancora, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 26.Complexo Stelletta anancora, Oliveira, 2007b: 33.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.56 (bymonotypy).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (Oliveira, 2007b [description]). OffAbrolhos (18 o 09’S–38 o 30’W and 18 o 06’S–38 o 42’W;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Off Salvador (Sollas,1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dosCoqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Oliveira,2007b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados? (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988);Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993)REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador)was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction). (2) The precise locality of the collectionsite of Hechtel (1976) record from Recife was notindicated by the author, who stated only “Recife andViccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norteto Alagoas States. It was obtained through the labels ofspecimens YPM 8957 and 9016.K Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005: 45.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6710. Paratypes MNRJ 6699(Fig. 6A), 6713.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Abrolhos Archipelago (Esteves & Muricy, 2005 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003Myriastra purpurea sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985a: 322.Stelletta purpurea sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 50 (nonStelletta purpurea Ridley, 1884: 473).Stelletta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003: 4; Prado et al., 2004:129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 39.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3702. Paratypes MNRJ 280,281, 282, 487, 491, 513, 575, 596, 712, 728, 729, UFRJPOR3606.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed(Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo; Prado et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Sepetiba(Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description]; Hajdu &Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Hajdu& Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangelet al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 0-2 m depth, Hajdu &Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Bombinhas (0.8 m depth; Mothes & Lerner,1994 [description]; Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Porto Belo (Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description];Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.42

Taxonomic ListK Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886)Pilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 128.Stelletta crassispicula, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Topsent, 1928:123; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 213.TYPE SPECIMENS: Two syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Sollas,1888).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Topsent, 1928; van Soest,1993).REMARKS: (1) This species has been considered a juniorsynonym of Stelletta anancora (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),but is accepted here as valid following Hajdu & Carvalho(2003). (2) The city of Salvador was referred to as “Bahia”by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).K Stelletta gigas (Sollas, 1886a)Pilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 124.Stelletta anancora sensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards &Lubbock, 1983a: 68; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59[non Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886a)].Stelletta gigas, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Moraes et al., 2006: 168;Muricy et al., 2008: 44; Moraes et al., 2009: 163 (nonStelletta cf. gigas van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 24).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH unregistered.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago(Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888[description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description]; Burton,1954 [description]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a[biogeography]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b [ecology];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes et al., 2009[ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.remarks: The specimen reported by Burton (1954) from SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago is deposited at BMNH1938.6.30.6 (Fig. 5H).Off Rio Grande (32º24’S–50º15’W; Lerner & Mothes,1999 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Stelletta kallitetilla (de Laubenfels, 1936)Myriastra kallitetilla de Laubenfels, 1936: 169; Rützler et al.,2000: 234.Stelletta kallitetilla, Alcolado, 2002: 56; Cosme & Peixinho,2007: 175.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22466.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (Dry Tortugas).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTribrachium schmidtii, Sollas, 1888: 154; Wilson, 1902: 385;Hechtel, 1976: 254; Uriz, 2002a: 124; Muricy et al., 2006:115; Monteiro, 2007a: 34.Tribrachuim schmidtii, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1889.1.71d (cf. Uriz, 2002a;Fig. 6B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Bahia, espíritosanto or Rio de Janeiro state; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador(12.6–36 m depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Uriz,2002a [description]; Monteiro, 2007a [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Locality notinformed (Monteiro, 2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (“off Morro Light”, Atlantic coast;Weltner, 1882), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902).REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the new type locality (Salvador)was referred to as “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew(cf. Introduction). (2) The Challenger specimens (Sollas,1888) are deposited at BMNH 1889.1.1.71.Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 20E Caminus Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).Type species: Caminus vulcani Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).K Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 214;Wilson, 1902: 386; Uliczka, 1929: 52; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 17; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 16.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.78 (three specimens;Fig. 6C, D), 1894.11.16.297. Schizosyntype USNM 34661.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Barbados(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), U.S. Virgin Islands (Uliczka,1929).REMARKS: The city closest to the type locality (Salvador) wasreferred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction).E Erylus Gray, 1867For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).Type species: Stelletta mammillaris Schmidt, 1862 (bymonotypy).K Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934: 7; Mothes et al., 1999: 372;Mothes et al., 2003: 66; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Motheset al., 2006c: 64; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.Erylus transiens sensu Muricy et al., 2008: 46 (non Stellettatransiens Weltner, 1882; non Erylus transiens sensuTopsent, 1892a from Azores).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22268 (Fig. 6E).Schizoholotype MCN 3449 (slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: OffSerrano do Maranhão (00 o 22’00”S–44 o 12’00”W, 43 mdepth; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010[checklist]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIOGRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 mdepth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al.,2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).Off Tramandaí (30°25’S–48°48’W, 165 m depth, Motheset al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934).REMARKS: The name Erylus alleni is preferred over E. transiensuntil the type specimens of Weltner (1882) and deLaubenfels (1934) are carefully compared and theirsynonymy is confirmed or rejected definitely (see vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988; Mothes et al., 1999; Moraes &Muricy, 2007b; Vieira et al., 2010). For the time being, wedecided to include under the name E. alleni the Brazilianrecords of both species.K Erylus almirante Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part).Erylus almirante Vieira et al., 2010: 439.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6599-G. Paratypes MNRJ6599-A–F; MNRJ 6594-A, B.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount (22.382°S–37.588°W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,22.382°S–37.588°W, 250-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of Sta. C6-Y2as being 270 m.44

Taxonomic ListK Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976: 253;Mothes et al., 1999: 375; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 975.Schizoholotype MCN 2505 (slide).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description];Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as theholotype by monotypy the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection (erroneously calledschizotype by Moraes & Muricy, 2007b).K Erylus diminutus Mothes, Lerner & Silva, 1999Erylus oxyaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 65 (nonErylus oxyaster Lendenfeld, 1910; taxonomic decision byMothes et al., 1999).Erylus diminutus Mothes et al., 1999: 371, Hajdu et al., 2004:184; Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;Vieira et al., 2010: 438.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 347. SchizoholotypeZMAPOR unregistered (slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 401,30°50’S–49°13’W, 183 m depth; Mothes de Moraes,1978 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). OffTavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 25, 31 o 17’S–49 o 42’W, 145 mdepth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]). Santa Catarina State: Off Laguna(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 mdepth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Erylus fluminense Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010Erylus sp. 2, Muricy et al., 2006: 115.Erylus fluminense Vieira et al., 2010: 442.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3252.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount (22.376°S–37.659°W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Almirante Saldanha Seamount (Revizee sta. 37F,22.376°S–37.659°W, 380-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. 37F as552 m.K Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886a: 195; Sollas, 1888: 209; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 267; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 4; Hechtel, 1976:253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 181; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 127;Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362;Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 18; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:76; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Mothes et al., 1999: 375;Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraeset al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167;Muricy et al., 2008: 45; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 25; Vieiraet al., 2010: 438.Erylus clavatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 80; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 77.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.77 (Fig. 6F).Schizoholotypes MCN 3769 (Mothes et al., 1999),BMNH 1894.11.16.290, 1894.11.16.291 (slides) (cf.Cárdenas et al., 2009).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Vieira et al., 2010[checklist]). Salvador (14-40 m depth, Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]). Ceará State: Off Beberibe(03 o 54’S–37 o 38’W, 44 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999[description]; REVIZEE NE sta. 208, 3 o 54.5172’S–37 o 38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth, Santos et al., 1999[faunistics]). Maranhão State: Off Araioses(02 o 07’35”S–41 o 55’46”W, 72 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999[description]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypsosta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Cárdenas et al.,2009 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993[description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta.213, 4 o 38.7100’S–36 o 44.6629’W, 52 m depth, Santos etal., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: OffGuarapari (20 ° 36’S–40 ° 23’W, 3-12 m depth; Solé-Cava et45

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaal., 1981 [description]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]).South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (31 o 02’S–49 o 37’W, 154 m depth; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]). OffTramandaí (30 o 25’S–48 o 48’W, 165 m depth; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Barbados,Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Panama,Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela, Mexico (Wiedenmayer,1977; Alcolado, 2002; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest,1998; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009).REMARKS: The city nearest to the type locality (Salvador)was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction).K Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007Erylus cf. formosus sensu Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 63 (nonErylus formosus Sollas, 1886a).Erylus sp. nov., Moraes et al., 2006: 167.Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007b: 471; Moraes et al.,2009: 163; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7397. Paratypes MNRJ 3571,3572, 4742, 4748, 7375, 7399, 7407, 7409, 7419.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: TrindadeIsland.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago (3-16 m depth; Moraes & Muricy,2007b [original description]; Moraes et al., 2009[ecology]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (15-25m depth, Moraes & Muricy, 2007b [original description];Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Erylus revizee Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part).Erylus revizee Vieira et al., 2010: 444.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6420-B. Paratypes MNRJ6420-A, C, 6594-C.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount (22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W, 250-500 m depth, Muricyet al., 2006 [faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. C6-Y2 asbeing 270 m.K Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001Erylus topsenti sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1981: 106 (nonErylus topsenti von Lendenfeld, 1903: 87).Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001: 84; Hajdu et al., 2004:184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 352.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela(25 o 01’S–44 o 45’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Ilhabela (25 o 01’S–44 o 45’W, 918 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1981 [description]; Mothes & Lerner, 2001[original description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Laguna(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 mdepth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Mothes de Moraes (1981) reported the collectionsite of this species as being in Rio de Janeiro State, butMothes & Lerner (2001) corrected it to São Paulo State.K Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999: 30; Vieira et al.,2010: 438.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1599.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Mothes& Lerner, 1999 [original description]; Vieira et al., 2010[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Geodia Lamarck, 1815For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).Type species: Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 (by monotypy).K Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000Geodia eosaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 61 (nonCydonium eosaster Sollas, 1886a).Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 33; Mothes et al., 2003:64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 60; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 330. Paratypes MHNG-INVE26564, ZMAPOR 13418. Schizoparatypes MCN 331, 332(slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off SantaVitória do Palmar (33°29’S–50°44’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 444,31°30’00”S–49°47’00”W, 284 m depth; Silva & Mothes,2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c46

Taxonomic List[diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (Prof. W.Besnard sta. 458, 33°29’S–50°44’W, 207 m depth;Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]; Silva & Mothes,2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu, Muricy, Custódio,Russo & Peixinho, 1992Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel,1976: 244 [in part] (non Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a,Geodia vosmaeri sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18 [=Geodia neptuni]).Geodia nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu et al., 1992: 206; Muricy etal., 1993: 429; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55; Muricy &Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Santos et al., 2002b:389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004:590; Rangel et al., 2005: 208; Clavico et al., 2006: 481;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 37; Rangel et al., 2006: 2048;Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricyet al., 2008: 47; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 37; Martins et al.,2010: 2; Menezes et al., 2010: 467; Ortega et al., 2010: 2;Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3098. ParatypesUFRJPOR 2625, 2906 (Fig. 6G), 3091, 3714.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State:Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedrada Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RioGrande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Guarapari (Hajdu et al., 1992 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Hajdu et al., 1992 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Arraialdo Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu etal., 1992 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993[pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];Clavico et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemicalecology]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta.100, 22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W, 39 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu etal., 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004[ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santoset al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Localitynot informed (Rangel et al., 2005 [pharmacology];Rangel et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Ilhabela (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu etal., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; 5-10 m depth, Martins et al., 2010[microbiology]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology];Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Venezuela, Trinidad y Tobago(cf. Hajdu et al., 1992), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,1996).K Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815: 334; Topsent, 1918: 611;Topsent, 1930: 3; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 126; de Laubenfels,1953: 551; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 (in part, from SãoPaulo State only); Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17 (quotingde Laubenfels, 1956); Hechtel, 1965: 68; Hechtel, 1976:253 (quoting de Laubenfels, 1956); Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:76; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 12; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36;Alcolado, 2002: 57; Uriz, 2002b: 138; Prado et al., 2004:129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 38; Muricy et al., 2008: 48;Cárdenas et al., 2009: 28 (non Geodia gibberosa sensude Laubenfels, 1956 (in part) from Pernambuco State,quoted by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961), Hechtel (1976),Santos et al. (1999), Santos et al., 2002b [= G. glariosa;cf. Silva et al., 2007]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 608 (cf. Cárdenas etal., 2009).TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Itaparica(Cárdenas et al., 2009). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State:Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Tamandaré(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue,REVIZEE NE sta. 215, 4 o 38.4941’S–36 o 42.9565’W, 77.5m depth, Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al.,2008 [description]). Southeast Region: State notinformed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Pradoet al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Espírito Santo state:Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio deJaneiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu,47

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião(de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda,Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, FrenchGuiana, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, U.S.A.(Georgia, Florida, Texas, North Carolina), U.S. VirginIslands (Lamarck, 1815; Topsent, 1930; de Laubenfels,1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützleret al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Uriz, 2002b; Cárdenas et al.,2009). ?West Africa (São Tomé; Topsent, 1918).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site in Brazilwas not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grandedo Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through thelabel of the specimen YPM 8973. (2) Cárdenas et al.(2009) reported this species from “Veracruz”, which islocated in Itaparica Island. (3) Junqueira et al. (2004)recorded Geodia gibberosa from Sepetiba, Rio de JaneiroState; however, this record is not considered valid herebecause it was based on unpublished academic studies.K Geodia glariosa (Sollas, 1886)Cydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 223;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 7.Geodia gibberosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 4 (in part; fromPernambuco State only) (non Geodia gibberosa Lamarck,1815 sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 [from São Paulo State],Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956],Hechtel (1976) [in part; quoting de Laubenfels, 1956],Santos et al. (1999, 2002b) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956][= G. glariosa; cf. Silva et al., 2007]).Cydonium gloriosus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18(misspelling).Geodia glariosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Silva & Mothes, 2000:47; Mothes et al., 2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 63; Silvaet al., 2007: 594; Muricy et al., 2008: 51.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.85-86 (Fig. 6H).Schizosyntype MCN 3634 (slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Canavieiras (Una, REVIZEE sta. C5-5R,15.568°S–38.83°W, 20 m depth, Silva et al., 2007[description]). Porto Seguro (Silva et al., 2007[description]). Prado (Cumuruxatiba, Silva et al., 2007[description]). Off Salvador (13-46 m depth, Sollas,1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, 0-1m depth, Silva et al., 2007 [description]). PernambucoState: Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Silva etal., 2007 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: SantaCruz (Silva et al., 2007 [description]). São PauloState: São Sebastião (Silva et al., 2007 [description]).South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Imbituba(28.1603 o S–48.4721 o W, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes deMoraes, 1975 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Silva et al., 2007 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador)was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew(cf. Introduction). (2) The coordinates of the recordfrom Imbituba were deduced from those presented byVolkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes (1975) and Silva etal. (2007): 28 o 16’03”S–48 o 47’21”W (an inland point nearImbituba), which are here interpreted as misprinted. Therecord from off Canavieiras (15º34’08”S–38º49’81”W[sic]; Silva et al., 2007) was corrected according to thelocation of REVIZEE sta. C5-5R given by Lavrado(2006).K Geodia neptuni (Sollas, 1886)Synops neptuni Sollas, 1886a: 198; Sollas, 1888: 227; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17.Sidonops neptuni, Sollas, 1889: 276; Uriz, 2002b: 140.Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a: 197; Sollas, 1888: 234(taxonomic decision: Wiedenmayer, 1977; Hajdu et al.,1992).Geodia vosmaeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976:244 [in part] (non Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault,1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976: 244 [in part] [= Geodiacorticostylifera]).Geodia neptuni, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976:253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:75; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:76; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Moraeset al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 50.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.88. SchizoholotypeUFRJPOR 3728 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi(09 o 09’S–034 o 53’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122a,09 o 05’S–34 o 50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original48

Taxonomic Listdescription]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Off Maragogi (Challenger sta. 122b, 09 o 09’S–034 o 53’W,58 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypsosta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricyet al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali,1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Venezuela(Alvarez et al., 1990).REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1886, 1888) reported Synops neptunifrom “Off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi,Alagoas State. It should not be confused with BarraGrande municipality at Maraú Peninsula, Bahia State.(2) Sollas (1888: 234) stated the collection site of Synopsvosmaeri as being “Station 122, Off Barra Grande,September 10, 1873; lat. 9°5’S., long. 34°50’W; depth,350 fathoms”, but in page 356 he stated the localityas “Station 122c. Off Barra Grande, Brazil, September10, 1873; lat. 9°10’ S., long. 34°49’W; depth, 400 fathoms”.Herein we consider the first locality as the correctone. (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reportedthis species from Pernambuco State. (4) We preferrednot to follow here the classification of the SystemaPorifera as Sidonops neptuni because the distinctionof Geodia and Sidonops is based only on the type ofinhalant and exhalant orifices (uniporal vs. cribriporal;Uriz, 2002b), which can be difficult to determine insome cases.K Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965Geodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1965: 71; Hechtel,1976: 242.Geodia sp., Burton, 1940: 97 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992).Geodia papyracea, Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 126;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;Silva & Mothes, 2000: 31; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos etal., 2002b: 389; Silva et al., 2004: 607; Diaz, 2005: 472;Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 32.Geodia cf. papyracea, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5045 (slides deposited inMCN 4043). Paratypes YPM 5309-5311 (slides of YPM5310 deposited in MCN 3152). Schizoparatype USNM24496 (Fig. 7A, B).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(0-1 m depth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]; Cedro etal., 2007 [ecology]). Passo de Camaragibe (Silva et al.,2004 [description]). Bahia State: Locality not informed(Burton, 1940 [description]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Silva et al., 2004[description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]);Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Natal (Silvaet al., 2004 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro state: Paraty (1 m depth; Silva et al., 2004[description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (0-3 mdepth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Colombia(Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984), Cuba (Alcolado,2002), Curaçao (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009), Jamaica(Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama(Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009).REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record fromRecife was not stated by the author; it was inferred fromthe label of specimen YPM 8956.K Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 40; Mothes et al.,2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 62; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1591. SchizoholotypeMHNG-INVE 26566. Paratype MCN 3452.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Off Mostardas (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 2-26,31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000[original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).Off São José do Norte (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 1-5,32°24.55’S–50°14.85’W, 200 m depth; Silva & Mothes,2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000: 36; Mothes et al.,2003: 64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 61; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2355. SchizoholotypeMHNG-INVE 26565.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares(32°00’S–50°00’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Tavares (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 10, 32°00’S–50°00’W,49

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera520 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description];Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]). Santa Catarina State: Locality notinformed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976:253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999 (Fig.7C).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 15’S–34 o 42’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 15’S–34 o 42’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as theholotype by monotypy the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection.Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 8E Characella Sollas, 1886aFor synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a (by originaldesignation).K Characella aspera Sollas, 1886Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a: 187; Sollas, 1888: 92; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Maldonado,2002: 148; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.Normania goliath Sollas, 1886a: 186 (cf. Sollas, 1888;Maldonado, 2002).Poecillastra aspera, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 38.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41 (Fig. 7D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga(09°05’S–034°50’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffJaparatinga (Challenger sta. 122a, 09°05’S–034°50’W,640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Maldonado, 2002[description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).REMARKS: (1) Maldonado (2002) indicated the slides BMNH1894.11.16.149-150 as the holotype. The Challenger,however, collected two fragments of this species, whichare still deposited at the BMNH and should thereforebe designated as syntypes (BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41).(2) Sollas (1886a: 187) indicated the coordinates ofChallenger station 122a as “lat. 2 o 05’S, long. 34 o 50’W”.We interpreted this as a missprint of “lat. 9 o 05’S, long.34 o 50’W”, which are the coordinates of this stationindicated everywhere else.K Characella capitolii Mothes, Maldonado, Eckert,Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2007Characella capitolii Mothes et al., 2007b: 478.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 6926.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares(31 o 08.86’S–49 o 32.04’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Tavares (31 o 08.86’S–49 o 32.04’W, 170-173 m depth;Mothes et al., 2007b).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site werededuced from those originally published (31 o 08’86”S–49 o 32’04”W), which were obviously wrong.K Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876)Stelletta pachastrelloides Carter, 1876: 403.Characella pachastrelloides, Sollas, 1888: 407; Topsent, 1904:95; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 46.Characella sollasi Topsent, 1890: 70; Topsent, 1892a: 40.Poecillastra sollasi, Alcolado, 2002: 57; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: “Near Cape St. Vincent” (Porcupine sta. 25, 684m depth [approximately 56 o 45’N–13 o 40’W, 370 km Westof Scotland; cf. Carpenter et al., 1869]).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: OffPeruíbe (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6650, 25º57.39’S–45º34.25’W,417 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic, Azores, Canary Islands, NWFrance, Portugal, N Spain (Carter, 1876; Topsent, 1890,1892a), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al.,1994b), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2007b) expressed serious doubtsabout the identity of the Brazilian record of this speciesand strongly advised its revision.E Dercitus Gray, 1867For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Halina bucklandi Bowerbank, 1858.50

Taxonomic ListP Dercitus (Stoeba) Sollas, 1888For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Samus simplex Carter, 1880 (by originaldesignation).K Dercitus (Stoeba) latex (Moraes & Muricy, 2007)Stoeba sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 168 (in part; only fromFernando de Noronha and São Pedro e São Pauloarchipelagoes, non Stoeba sp. n. from Atol das Rocas).Stoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a: 1388; Moraes et al.,2009: 163.Dercitus (Stoeba) latex, van Soest et al., 2010: 37.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8559. Paratypes MNRJ 7865,8560, UFRJPOR 3923.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [originaldescription]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [originaldescription]; Moraes et al., 2009 [ecology]; van Soest etal., 2010 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The specimen from Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,2006) was misidentified; it differs from Dercitus (Stoeba)latex by the absence of sanidasters and probaly representsan undescribed species.P Dercitus (Halinastra) de Laubenfels, 1936Halinastra de Laubenfels, 1936.Type species: Pachastrella exostotica Schmidt, 1868 (by originaldesignation).K Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986)Pachataxa lutea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 74; Moraes et al., 2003:17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Moraes, 2009: 361.Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, van Soest et al., 2010: 47.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47681.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: La Parguera.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). rio grande do norte state: Atol dasRocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).REMARKS: van Soest et al. (2010) identified a specimen fromAtol das Rocas as Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus in p. 47,but remarked that the differences to the Puerto Ricospecimens could justify the separation of a new species;later in the same paper (van Soest et al., 2010: 79), theyreferred to the Atol das Rocas specimens as “Dercitus(Halinastra) sp. aff. luteus”.E Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (bymonotypy).K Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868: 15; Lendenfeld,1903: 75; Sollas, 1888: 110; Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 68;van Soest, 1993: 210; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 49;Maldonado, 2002: 152; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 355.Pachastrella abyssi Schmidt, 1870: 64.Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902: 227.Pachastrella isorrhopa Kirkpatrick, 1902: 228 (synonymspartly after Maldonado, 2002).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 10.1.1.854.TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Algier.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6665, 24º20.844’S–44º09.913’W, 258 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares(31º31’S–49º47’W, 284 m depth; Mothes de Moraes,1978 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Portugal, Spain, France, SouthAfrica, Tristan da Cunha, U.S.A. (Florida, Gulf of Mexico),Antarctic (Schmidt, 1868; Sollas, 1888; Kirkpatrick, 1902;Lendenfeld, 1903), Tropical West Africa (van Soest,1993), Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b).E Thenea Gray, 1867For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858 (bymonotypy).K Thenea fenestrata (Schmidt, 1880)Tisiphonia fenestrata Schmidt, 1880: 71.Thenea fenestrata, Sollas, 1888: 71; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:15; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest, 1993: 213; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified bySchmidt, from the type localities: USNM 983, MZUSPO-204 (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITy: St. Vincent and the Grenadines (Bequia) andU.S.A. (off Florida Keys; 24 o 36’N–80 o 05’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off51

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaMaceió (Challenger sta. 123, 10 o 09’S–35 o 11’W, 3136 mdepth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: St. Vincent and the Grenadines, U.S.A.(off Florida), West Africa (Schmidt, 1880). Tropical WestAfrica (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: The locality of collection stated by Sollas (1888),“Off Macio”, is interpreted here as a misspelling of“Maceió”, the capital of Alagoas State.E Vulcanella Sollas, 1886aFor synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Vulcanella horrida (Schmidt, 1870) (by originaldesignation).P Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886aFor synonyms see Maldonado (2002).Type species: Vulcanella (Vulcanella) horrida (Schmidt, 1870).Panama (Atlantic coast; Carter, 1874).E Yucatania Gómez, 2006Type species: Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341 (byoriginal designation) [junior synonym of Yucataniasphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999)].K Yucatania sphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard,1999)Thrombus sphaeroidocladus Hartman & Hubbard, 1999: 1.Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341.Yucatania sphaeroidocladus, Menegola et al., 2009: 1623.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM IZ-9361.TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad: Monos Island.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Camaçari(12 o 47’05.0”S–38 o 06’38.4”W, 26 m depth; Menegola etal., 2009 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula, Gómez,2006), Trinidad (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999).K Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera Sollas, 1886Vulcanella cribrifera Sollas, 1886a: 186.Sphinctrella cribrifera, Sollas, 1888: 87; Lendenfeld, 1903: 71;Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 71; van Soest, 1993: 213.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.39.TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W, 183 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1978 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Sollas, 1886a, 1888;Lendenfeld, 1903; van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: Subgeneric assignment by Maldonado (2002).Family Thrombidae Sollas, 1888TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Thrombus Sollas, 1886bType species: Corticium abyssi (Carter, 1873b) (by subsequentdesignation; Uriz, 2002c).K Thrombus kittoni (Carter, 1874)Corticium kittoni Carter, 1874: 207.Thrombus kittoni, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 40; Menegolaet al., 2009: 1623.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Colón (Atlantic Coast).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Maraú(14 o 04’49”S–38 o 49’36”W, 62 m depth; Menegola et al.,2009 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),ORDER CHONDROSIDA BOURY-ESNAULT &LOPÈS, 1985For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872aFor synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Chondrilla Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).Type species: Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862.K Chondrilla nucula complex Schmidt, 1862Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862: 38; Schulze, 1877: 24; Carter,1890: 564; Topsent, 1918: 601; de Laubenfels, 1950a:133; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:15; Hechtel, 1965: 74; Hechtel, 1969: 4; Boury-Esnault,1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Collette & Rützler, 1977:309; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 186; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 128;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;Muricy, 1989: 351; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy et al.,1991: 1187; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 21; van Soest, 1993:212; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Klautauet al., 1999: 1415; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rützler etal., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 59;Boury-Enault, 2002a: 294; Sarmento & Correia, 2002:221; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 471; Dresch etal., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008:52

Taxonomic List63; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:1087; Lira et al., 2010: 158.Chondrilla cf. nucula, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401.Chondrilla aff. nucula, Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Moraes etal., 2003: 17; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Santos et al., 2004:590; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cavalcanti et al., 2007: 1728;Cedro et al., 2007: 234.Complexo Chondrilla nucula, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 42;Muricy, 2007: 37.Chondrilla nucula complex, Andréa et al., 2007: 133.Chondrilla sp. B, Vilanova et al., 2007: 654.Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D, Klautau et al., 1999: 1419.Chondrilla spp. 3-4, Zilberberg et al., 2006: 213.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype LMJG 15018. Paratype LMJG15687.TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Quarnero.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia,2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia& Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador(Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006[genetics]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). Ceará State:Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes &Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al.,2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Off Recife (Lira etal., 2010 [faunistics]; Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricyet al., 2008 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Barrados Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W, 32m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cavaet al., 1981 [description]). Trindade Island (Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-47F, 20.616 o S–34.951 o W, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics];Muricy, 2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).Armação dos Búzios (Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics];Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al.,1994b [cell biology]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Zilberberg et al., 2006[genetics]; Cavalcanti et al., 2007 [description]; Vilanovaet al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Itacuruçá (Klautau et al.,1999 [genetics]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago,Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). SãoSebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology];Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004[interactive key]). Ubatuba (Picinguaba; Klautau etal., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006 [genetics];Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). South Region:Paraná State: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, Klautau et al.,1999 [genetics]). Santa Catarina State: Locality notinformed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan(cf. Klautau et al., 1999): Australia, South Africa,Mediterranean, Adriatic (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),Caribbean: Barbados, Bonaire, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica,Panama, Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida) (deLaubenfels, 1950a; Hechtel, 1965, 1969; Wiedenmayer,1977; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al.,2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa(van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) This is a complex of morphologicallyindistinguishable species, with at least four biologicalspecies in Brazil, all of which still wait for a formaldescription (Klautau et al., 1999). The original nominalspecies occurs only in the Mediterranean and nearest NEAtlantic (Boury-Esnault, 2002a). (2) Hechtel (1976) didnot state the precise locality of his record from Recife;it was inferred from the label of specimen YPM 8956.(3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Chondrilla nuculafrom Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this recordis not considered valid here because it was based onunpublished academic works.E Chondrosia Nardo, 1847For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).Type species: Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (bymonotypy).K Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870)Cellulophana collectrix Schmidt, 1870: 25.Chondrosia collectrix, de Laubenfels, 1936: 183; de Laubenfels,53

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera1950a: 135; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 189; van Soest, 1981: 7;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes &Bastian, 1993: 21; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 79; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Alcolado,2002: 59; Esteves et al., 2002: 3; Santos et al., 2002b: 390;Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz,2005: 471; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166;Silva et al., 2006: 137; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.Chondrosia sp., Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 01 (by monotypy).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010[ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006[pharmacology]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]). São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b[ecology]; Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Bermuda (de Laubenfels,1950a; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950a; Schmahl,1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000),Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1981).ORDER DENDROCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900Family Darwinellidae Merejkowsky, 1879For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5E Aplysilla Schulze, 1878For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).Type species: Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (by subsequentdesignation; Topsent, 1905).K Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876)Verongia rosea Barrois, 1876: 57.Aplysilla rosea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 708; Muricy et al., 1991:1187; Carballo et al., 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160;Bergquist & Cook, 2002a: 1069; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:682; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 78; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Bergquist & Cook, 2002a).TYPE LOCALITY: NW France: Saint-Vaast de la Hougue (EnglishChannel).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al.,2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armaçãodos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago,Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Considered as cosmopolitan (cf. Bergquist& Cook, 2002a). NW France (Barrois, 1876), Gibraltar(Carballo et al., 1994).REMARKS: (1) Aplysilla rosea s.l. is probably a complex ofcryptic species. Its Brazilian records are questionableand need revision. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recordedAplysilla rosea from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; thisrecord however is not considered valid here because itwas based on an unpublished academic work.E Chelonaplysilla de Laubenfels, 1948Type species: Chelonaplysilla noevus (Carter, 1876) (by originaldesignation).K Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967: 96; van Soest, 1978:71; Zea, 1987: 50; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricyet al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Klautau et al.,1994b: 401; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Diaz et al., 2004:5; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Ferreira etal., 2006: 1343; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 79; Martins et al.,2010: 2; Ortega et al., 2010: 2 (non Megalopastas erectusRow, 1911: 360 [senior homonym]).Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Rangel et al., 2001: 36 (nonChelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Hajdu et al., 1999: 23;Prado et al., 2004: 129; Moraes et al., 2006: 166).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype HUJ-II-Pori-AZ 12 (cf. Ben-Eliahu& Golani, 2008).TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt: Suez (Red Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State:Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanova etal., 2004 [ecology]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy etal., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];54

Taxonomic ListKlautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Martins et al., 2010 [microbiology];Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Diaz et al., 2004),Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Colombia (Zea, 1987), Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest,1978). E Mediterranean: Israel (Tsurnamal, 1967).REMARKS: This is a junior homonym of C. erecta (Row, 1911,as Megalopastas). Bergquist (1980) suggested the two C.erecta may concern the same species, but we prefer tokeep them as separate until a detailed revision of bothtype specimens is done.E Darwinella Müller, 1865For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).Type species: Darwinia muelleri Schultze, 1865 (by originaldesignation).K Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885: 202; Lendenfeld, 1889:679; Topsent, 1905: 176; Lévi, 1952: 38; Pronzato, 1975:8; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 133.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia: Port Phillip Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,1981 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Australia (Carter, 1885; Lendenfeld,1889), West Coast of Africa (Senegal; Lévi, 1952),Mediterranean (Pronzato, 1975).REMARKS: The species was originally described from Australia.The record from Brazil was probably misidentified andits identity should be checked.K Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905: 179; Pronzato, 1975: 13;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Maldives (Indian Ocean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Maldives; Topsent, 1905);Red Sea; Mediterranean Sea (Italy; Pronzato, 1975).REMARKS: The record of D. gardineri from Brazil was probablymisidentified and its identity should be checked.K Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865)Darwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865: 6.Darwinella aurea, Müller, 1865: 344; Lendenfeld, 1889: 681;?Row, 1911: 361.Darwinella mulleri, Topsent, 1905: 175; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 19; Pronzato, 1975: 7; Bergquist & Cook,2002a: 1069.Darwinella mülleri, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 38; ?de Laubenfels,1953: 516.Darwinella muelleri, van Soest, 1993: 210.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Florianópolis (Schultze, 1865 [original description];Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Topsent, 1905 [revision];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Pronzato, 1975[revision]; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a [revision]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a). TropicalWest Africa (van Soest, 1993). (?) Red Sea (Row, 1911).Adriatic, NE Atlantic (Spain; cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).REMARKS: (1) Most authors (e.g., Schultze, 1865; Lendenfeld,1889; Topsent, 1905; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961;Pronzato, 1975; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a) referred tothe type locality as Destêrro, which is the old name ofFlorianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina State. (2) Therecord of this species from Florida (de Laubenfels, 1953)was probably misidentified (cf. van Soest, 1978).Family Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist, 1980TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Igernella Topsent, 1905For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002b).Type species: Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 (by original designation).K Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 106.Darwinella joyeuxy Topsent, 1889: 17.Igernella joyeuxi, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287; Hechtel, 1976:253; Santos et al., 2002b: 398.Igernella notabilis, van Soest, 1978: 77; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:181; van Soest, 1993: 212; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996: 154;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998:216; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002b: 1075;Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1044. ParalectotypeMus.Torino-POR 43. Schizoparalectotypes USNM31011, MNHN.D.NBE 1301, BMNH 1928.11.12.38.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.55

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 25,8 o 22’S–34 o 44’W, 38-52 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos etal., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (vanSoest, 1978; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996), Mexico (Topsent,1889), Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998). Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: Uriz & Maldonado (1996) expressed their doubtswhether the specimens described by Boury-Esnault(1973) from Brazil belong to I. notabilis or to I. vansoestiUriz & Maldonado, 1996 and recommended theirrevision.ORDER DICTYOCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002b).Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6E Dysidea Johnston, 1842For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a).Type species: Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818 (by subsequentdesignation; Burton, 1934).K Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862)Spongelia avara Schmidt, 1862: 29.Dysidea avara, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 254;Carballo et al., 1994: 48.TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified bySchmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1867.7.26.82,1876.7.26.96 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”) and Zadar(“Zara”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18 o 51’S–39 o 08’W, 49 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, IndianOcean (Boury-Esnault, 1973), Gibraltar (Carballo et al.,1994), Adriatic Sea: Croatia (Schmidt, 1862).REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Dysidea avara wasconsidered doubtful by Vilanova & Muricy (2001) andneeds revision.K Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936: 28, de Laubenfels, 1950a:25; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 46; Schmahl,1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Vilanova & Muricy,2001: 6; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002:221; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004:652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 81; Cedro et al., 2007: 236.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22408 (Fig. 7E).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007[ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy,2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Vilanova& Muricy, 2001 [description]). São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Vilanova etal., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro(Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004[ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Vilanova &Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Ubatuba (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Colombia (Zea, 1987; cf. Muricy& Hajdu, 2006), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), U.S.A. (Florida;Little, 1963; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas, Puerto Rico(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels,1950a), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000); Tropical West Africa(van Soest, 1993).K Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818)Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818: 114.Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ramosa sensu Poléjaeff, 1884:42 (non Spongelia pallescens sensu Schmidt, 1862 =Dysidea pallescens).Dysidea fragilis, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 18; Hechtel, 1965: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993:22; Carballo et al., 1994: 46; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:97; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Cook & Bergquist, 2002a: 1062;Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non56

Taxonomic ListDysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo,1998: 363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 [= Dysidea robustaVilanova & Muricy, 2001]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1830.7.3.447 (slide BMNH1925.11.1.1034).TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu(Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth; Calypsosta. 2, 7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W, 42 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Portode Galinhas (Calypso sta. 29, 8 o 28’S–34 o 55’W, 25 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta.8, 3 o 51’S–33 o 50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes etal., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic coasts ofEurope and Mediterranean (Cook & Bergquist, 2002a),Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994), U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel,1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probablya complex of cryptic species. The Brazilian recordsof Dysidea fragilis are highly questionable and needrevision. They may either be related to D. variabilis(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) or represent a newspecies (cf. Vilanova & Muricy, 2001). (2) The nearestcity to the collection site of Poléjaeff (1884), Salvador,was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction). (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneouslyreported this species from Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago instead of Atol das Rocas.K Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Terpios janiae Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 101.Dysidea fragilis sensu de Laubenfels, 1950a: 22 [non Dysideafragilis (Montagu, 1818)].Dysidea janiae, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 73; van Soest, 1978: 51;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 48; Schmahl, 1990:379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000:238; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 8; Alcolado, 2002: 70;Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343.Dysidea jeaniae, Johnsson, 2002: 252 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 2292.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy,2001 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy,2001 [description]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]).São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy,2001 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990),Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize (Rützler et al.,2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao, Martinique,Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; van Soest, 1978),Colombia (Zea, 1987), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali,1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998).K Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001Dysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo, 1998:363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 (non Dysidea fragilis(Montagu, 1818); non Dysidea fragilis sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Moraes et al., 2006: 167).Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 4; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 82; Marques et al., 2009: 917; Vilanova et al., 2009:865; Williams et al., 2009: 1691.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3201. Paratypes MNRJ 2207,2208, 3108, 3121 (Fig. 7F).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marques et al.,2009 [chemistry]; Williams et al., 2009 [chemistry]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dosBúzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanovaet al., 2009 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricyet al., 1991 [ecology]; Serejo, 1998 [ecology]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Euryspongia Row, 1911Type species: Euryspongia lactea Row, 1911 (by monotypy).K Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936: 29; Monteiro &Muricy, 2004: 682.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22428 (Fig. 7G).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro &Muricy, 2004 [ecology]).57

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaWORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936).Family Irciniidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7E Ircinia Nardo, 1833For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).Type species: Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766, sensu Schmidt,1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).K Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)Spongia campana Lamarck, 1814: 385.Hircinia (Sarcotragus) campana, Topsent, 1930: 51.Hircinia campana, Lendenfeld, 1889: 569; de Laubenfels,1936: 20.Ircinia campana, de Laubenfels, 1953: 514; Boury-Esnault,1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1978: 39;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler etal., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b:397; Diaz, 2005: 468.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (“presumably from the West Indies”;cf. de Laubenfels, 1936).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W,33 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida: Dry Tortugas), Curaçao,Cuba, Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico (de Laubenfels, 1936,1953; van Soest, 1978; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002),Jamaica (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990),Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).K Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Polytherses felix Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 72.Ircinia felix, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 60; van Soest, 1978: 33; Zea,1987: 39; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al.,1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:24; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 95; Rützler et al., 2000:238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraeset al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005:468; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006:701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 108.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1854.Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31031, MNHN.D.NBE1320, and BMNH 1928.11.12.24.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Granato et al., 2005 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza(Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]). PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Belize,Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, PuertoRico, Colombia, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao, Barbados,Panama (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer,1977; van Soest, 1978; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest,1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz,2005).K Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel,1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006:167.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, 1022(Fig. 7H, 8A).TYPE LOCALITIES: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W) and Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (14 m depth,Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here assyntypes the only two original specimens deposited inthe MNHN collection. The two specimens are howeverquite different morphologically (Fig. 7H, 8A) and theircospecificity should be revised.K Ircinia ramosa (Keller, 1889)Hircinia ramosa Keller, 1889: 345 (non Hircinia ramosa deLaubenfels, 1934: 24 [= Ircinia dickinsoni de Laubenfels,1936; taxonomic decision by de Laubenfels, 1936: 18]).Ircinia ramosa, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 12; Boury-Esnault,1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Schmahl, 1990: 379; deVoogd et al., 2009: 174.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.58

Taxonomic ListTYPE LOCALITY: Eritrea: Assab Bay (Red Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffValença (Calypso sta. 66, 13 o 28’S–38 o 50’W, 37 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dosCoqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W, 34 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bermuda(de Laubenfels, 1950a), Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels,1934), Indonesia (de Voogd et al., 2009).K Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)Spongia strobilina Lamarck, 1816: 363.Polytherses longispina Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 71.Stelospongus longispinus, Poléjaeff, 1884: 67.Hircinia longispina, Lendenfeld, 1889: 568.Stellospongus longispinus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21.Ircinia strobilina, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 10;Johnson, 1971: 104; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel,1976: 239; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Wiedenmayer,1977: 61; van Soest, 1978: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178;Zea, 1987: 41; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez etal., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Epifanio et al.,1999: 2248; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 165; Santos etal., 1999: 57; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002:70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2002b:397; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 468; Bezerra &Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Mothes et al.,2006a: 668; Muricy et al., 2006: 118; Cedro et al., 2007:234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355;Monteiro, 2007b: 35; Muricy et al., 2008: 10; Amaral etal., 2010: 27; Lira et al., 2010: 158.Ircinia longispina, Hechtel, 1976: 256.TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (Lamarck collection).TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Mello-Leitão et al.,1961 [checklist]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). NorthRegion: State not informed (Amapá or Pará; Collette& Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Amapá State: Off Amapá(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth, Mothes et al.,2006a [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,2007 [ecology]). Off Maragogi (730 m depth; Poléjaeff,1884 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Bahia State: Locality notinformed (Monteiro, 2007b [description]). Abrolhos(Timbebas reef, 17 o 30’S–39 o 00’W, 10 m depth; Epifanioet al., 1999 [chemical ecology]; Abrolhos Archipelago,Calypso sta. 84, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Johnson,1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Bezerra& Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio StatePark, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Recife (Amaralet al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Locality not informed (Monteiro, 2007b[description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953;Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize(Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,1989), Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Guiana Shelf (van Soest,1978), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda(de Laubenfels, 1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the labelsof the specimens YPM 5707, 5723, 5731, 8974, 8991,8993, and 9007, all from Recife.E Psammocinia Lendenfeld, 1889For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).Type species: Hircinia halmiformis Lendenfeld, 1888 (bysubsequent designation, Bergquist, 1980).K Psammocinia compacta (Poléjaeff, 1884)Cacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884: 64.Hircinia compacta, Lendenfeld, 1889: 585; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 19.Ircinia compacta, Hechtel, 1976: 254.Psammocinia compacta, Muricy et al., 2008: 112.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39 (Fig. 8B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The city nearest to the type locality, Salvador,was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction).59

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaE Sarcotragus Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).Type species: Filifera (Sarcotragus) spinosulus Schmidt, 1862(by subsequent designation; Vacelet, 1959).K Sarcotragus fasciculatus (Pallas, 1766) (newcombination)Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766: 381 (nomen nudum; cf.Pronzato et al., 2004); Esper, 1794: 253; Lamarck, 1813-1814: 372.Hircinia fasciculata, Schmidt, 1862: 34; Lendenfeld, 1889: 587.Ircinia fascicularis, de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Santos et al., 1999: 57.Ircinia fasciculata, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 9; de Laubenfels,1953: 514; Hechtel, 1965: 8; Johnson, 1971: 104; Hechtel,1976: 252; Carballo et al., 1994: 42; Santos et al., 1999: 57;Pronzato et al., 2004: 555.TYPE SPECIMENS: Mus.Torino-POR 62-63 (lost; cf. Pronzato etal., 2004).TYPE LOCALITY: Mediterranean Sea.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State:Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santoset al., 1999 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971[description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea (Pronzato et al., 2004),Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994). U.S.A. (North Carolina,Florida), Jamaica, Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico (deLaubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965).REMARKS: (1) The neotype designation from Florida by deLaubenfels (1948) is not valid because it is not from theoriginal locality (Mediterranean Sea), other historicalspecimens have been ignored, and the specimen belongsto Ircinia felix (cf. Pronzato et al., 2004). (2) Genus transferwas based on Pronzato et al. (2004). (3) The preciselocality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by theauthor; it was inferred from the labels of the specimensYPM 8963, 8985, 8997 and 9020, all from Recife.Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7E Hippospongia Schulze, 1879For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).Type species: Spongia equina Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).K Hippospongia lachne (de Laubenfels, 1936)Hippiospongia lachne de Laubenfels, 1936: 12; de Laubenfels,1953: 513; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Hechtel, 1976: 252;Santos et al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b : 396.Hippiospongia lackne, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 801.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Cape Romano (Florida State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Mello-Leitão etal., 1961 [checklist]). Northeast Region: Ceará State:near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos etal., 1999 [checklist]). Pernambuco State: Recife (27-33 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al.,2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1936, 1953).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels ofthe specimens YPM 8982, 8989, 9022, and 9028, all fromRecife. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported thisspecies from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago.E Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).Type species: Hircinia clathrata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy).K Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766)Spongia cavernosa Pallas, 1766: 394.Hippospongia anomala Poléjaeff, 1884: 54.Hippospongia dura Lendenfeld, 1889: 298.?Spongelia velata Hyatt, 1877: 534.Trypespongia columbia de Laubenfels, 1936: 13.Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976:253.Spongia virgultosa sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel,1976: 252; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008:18 (non Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1797).Hyattella intestinalis, van Soest, 1978: 23; Ferreira et al., 2007:314 [non Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814: 439)].Hyattella cavernosa, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Lehnert& van Soest, 1999: 165; Alcolado, 2002: 69; Santos et al.,2002b: 396; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006: 144;Silvano & Muricy, 2007: 36; Muricy et al., 2008: 113.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64).TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”; Pallas,1766).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (Silvano & Muricy, 2007 [description]).Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18 o 09’S–38 o 20’W, 33m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117 o S–38.170 o W, 40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). OffBelmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W,83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba60

Taxonomic List(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 13.646 o S–38.742 o W, 55 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEEsta. C5-4R, 14.808 o S–38.917 o W, 20 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Rodgers Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-10R, 17.103 o S–36.741 o W, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Calypsosta. 63, 12 o 56’S–38 o 33’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). OffSalvador (REVIZEE sta. C5-1R, 13.054 o S–38.422 o W, 50m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075 o S–38.392 o W,90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Valença(Calypso sta. 66, 13 o 28’S–38 o 50’W, 37 m depth; Calypsosta. 67, 13 o 28’S–38 o 48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio StatePark, 20 m depth; Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypsosta. 27, 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). OffRecife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta.8, 3 o 51’S–33 o 50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dosCoqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W, 34 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Silvano& Muricy, 2007 [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEEsta. C6-Y4, 20.633 o S–40.025 o W, 53.5 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C5-20R, 19.272 o S–38.019 o W, 67 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-A1, 19.732 o S–38.365 o W, 72.3 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849 o S–40.167 o W, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Trindade Island (REVIZEE sta. C5-49R, 20.519 o S–29.351 o W, 57 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W,50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-21R,20.706 o S–35.457 o W, 55 m depth; sta. C5-21R, 20.704 o S–35.704 o W, 57.5 m depth; sta. C5-23R, 20.487 o S–36.103 o W,55 m depth; sta. C5-24R, 20.347 o S–36.642 o W, 55 m depth;sta. C5-44R, 20.857 o S–33.636 o W, 65 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Ilha Grande(Enseada do Sítio Forte, Calypso sta. 118, 23 o 08’S–44 o 16’W,5 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998,1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: (1) It is uncertain if the original description of Pallas(1766) is from Brazil or elsewhere in the Western Atlantic,as he stated only “Mare Americanum”. (2) Santos et al.(2002b) erroneously reported this species from Fernandode Noronha Archipelago instead of Atol das Rocas.E Spongia Linnaeus, 1759For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).Type species: Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequentdesignation; Bowerbank, 1862a).P Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001Type species: Spongia (Heterofibria) cristata Cook & Bergquist,2001 (by original designation).K Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes, Kasper,Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2006Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes et al., 2006b: 336.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 5998.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State:Florianópolis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Florianópolis (Aranhas Island; Mothes et al., 2006b[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.P Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759Type species: Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (bysubsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1862b).K Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 31; vanSoest, 1978: 16; Alcolado, 2002: 69.Spongia equina var. meandriniformis Hyatt, 1877: 519.Hippospongia equina sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252.Hippospongia equina var. meandriniformis, Lendenfeld, 1889:306; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 97. ParalectotypeZMAPOR 2074. Schizolectotypes BMNH 1928.11.12.57,MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1323, USNM 31032.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A.(Florida), Bahamas, Cuba (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864; Hyatt, 1877; Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Spongia equina var.61

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferameandriniformis was synonymized with S. (S.) barbaraby van Soest (1978), but was considered questionable byHechtel (1976). (2) New subgenus assignment based onCook & Bergquist (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011).K Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 (newstatus)Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877:526.Spongia vermiculata sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al.,2002b: 397 [non Spongia vermiculata Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864 (= Spongia (Spongia) barbara)].Spongia vermiculata ditelliformis, Santos et al., 2002b: 397.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 42.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos etal., 2002 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimensfor this variety, which we here elevated to species rank.We designated here as holotype by monotypy the singleoriginal specimen deposited in the MCZ collection.K Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884: 53;Lendenfeld, 1889: 275.Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 (non Spongiaofficinalis Linnaeus, 1759).TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the collection site of Poléjaeff(1884), Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S.Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New status andnew subgenus assignment based on Cook & Bergquist(2002d), van Soest et al. (2011).K Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Hyatt, 1877Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt, 1877: 512.Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. mollis Hyatt, 1877: 513.Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. prava Hyatt, 1877: 513.Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis Hyatt, 1877:513 (synonymy after van Soest, 1978).Euspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889: 248.Euspongia trincomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889: 260.Spongia trincomalensis, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20; Santoset al., 2002b: 396.Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Spongiaofficinalis Linnaeus, 1759).Spongia pertusa, van Soest, 1978: 12.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MCZ 19081. Paralectotypes MCZ7036, 7179, 7189, 7293.TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt,1877 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Nassau, Puerto Rico,Guadeloupe, U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. VirginIslands (van Soest, 1978).REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimens forthis variety. We designated here as lectotype an originalspecimen deposited in the MCZ collection and labeled“type”. Other four specimens from Nassau were labeled“syntypes” and are here fixed as paralectotypes (ICZN,art. 74). The only specimen from Brazil (MCZ 40) wasnot labeled as type and is thus considered as non-type.Family Thorectidae Bergquist, 1978TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 6E Cacospongia Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).Type species: Cacospongia mollior Schmidt, 1862 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884: 57; Hechtel, 1976: 253;Santos et al., 2002b: 397.?Stelospongia australis var. fovea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 518 (inpart).TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1885.8.8.26a (twospecimens; Fig. 8C).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).REMARKS: (1) van Soest (1978) considered this speciesessentially unrecognizable, and states that it couldbelong either to Hyrtios or to Polyfibrospongia. (2)Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this speciesfrom Pernambuco State. (3) The nearest city to thetype locality, Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the62

Taxonomic ListH.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (4) Poléjaeff(1884) did not designate type specimens for this species.We designate here as syntypes the only two specimensfrom the original series, deposited at the Natural HistoryMuseum, London.K Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884: 56; Hechtel, 1976: 256;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.?Stelospongia australis var. levis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 520 (inpart).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25 (Fig. 8D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (seeremarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Off Maragogi (731 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884 [originaldescription]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).REMARKS: (1) Poléjaeff (1884) reported this species from“off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi,Alagoas State. (2) Poléjaeff (1884) did not designate atype specimen for this species. We designate here as theholotype by monotypy the single original specimen fromBrazil, deposited in the BMNH.E Fasciospongia Burton, 1934For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).Type species: Stelospongia australis var. fovea Lendenfeld, 1888(by original designation; junior synonym of Spongiaturgida Lamarck, 1814).K Fasciospongia caliculata (Lendenfeld, 1889)Stelospongia caliculata Lendenfeld, 1889: 503.Fasciospongia caliculata, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al.,2002b: 397.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.RECORDS: Brazil: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. VirginIslands (Lendenfeld, 1889).E Hyrtios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).Type species: Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864(by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).Laubenfels, 1948: 160; van Soest, 1978: 45; Bergquist,1980: 462; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178; Muricy & Moraes,1998: 216; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70;Cook & Bergquist, 2002e: 1031; Santos et al., 2002b: 397;Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.Polyfibrospongia echina, de Laubenfels, 1934: 25.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 46.Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1303, BMNH1928.11.12.29. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31013,BMNH 1928.11.12.30.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.RECORDS: Brazil: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao (Duchassaing& Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1978), Cuba (Alcolado,2002), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz,2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).E Scalarispongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000Type species: Cacospongia scalaris Schmidt, 1862 (by originaldesignation).K Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (newcombination)Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976:252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017 (Fig.8E).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designatetype specimens for this species. We designated here asholotype by monotypy the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection. (2) New genericassignment based on Cook & Bergquist (2002e), vanSoest et al. (2011).E Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).Type species: Thorecta exemplum var. tertia Lendenfeld, 1888(by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).K Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 74; deK Thorecta atlantica Santos, Silva, Bonifácio, Esteves,Pinheiro & Muricy, 201063

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaThorecta sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 115.Thorecta atlantica Santos et al., 2010a: 777.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 360. ParatypesUFPEPOR 121, 247, 442, 667, 668. Schizotype MNRJ13170 (fragment of UFPEPOR 442).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (04 o 47’50.8”S–36 o 18’16.8”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (off Guamaré, 04 o 47’50.8”S–36 o 18’16.8”W; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Santoset al., 2010a [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Order Hadromerida Topsent, 1894For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002c).Family Alectonidae Rosell, 1996For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Alectona Carter, 1879For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).Type species: Alectona millari Carter, 1879a (by monotypy).K Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999: 635; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.JV 63.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: near São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (00°49’S–025°29’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: near São Pedroe São Paulo Archipelago (mid-Atlantic Ridge,00°49’S–025°29’W, 2030 m depth; Vacelet, 1999 [originaldescription]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The latitude reported originally is 00°94’S, whichwe interpreted as a typographic error for 00°49’S (JeanVacelet, pers. comm., 2009).E Scolopes Sollas, 1888For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).Type species: Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888 (by monotypy).K Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888: 432; Hechtel, 1976: 253;Rützler, 2002a: 287.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106 (Fig. 8F).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1888 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Rützler, 2002a [description]).Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador), was referredto as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction). (2) The precise locality of Hechtel’s(1976) record from Pernambuco State (Recife) was notstated by the author; it was inferred from the label of thespecimen YPM 5728.Family Clionaidae d’Orbigny, 1851For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11E Cervicornia Rützler & Hooper, 2000Type species: Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815 (byoriginal designation).K Cervicornia cuspidifera (Lamarck, 1815)Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815: 168.Spirastrella cuspidifera, Topsent, 1933: 41; Hechtel, 1976: 253;Santos et al., 2002b: 390.Spheciospongia cuspidifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 94; Vicenteet al., 1991: 217; Rützler, 1997: 1393.Cervicornia cuspidifera, Rützler & Hooper, 2000: 342; Rützler,2002b: 174; Diaz, 2005: 471.Cliona cuspidifera, Alcolado, 2002: 59.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 652.TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1933).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (South Carolina), Bahamas (Vicenteet al., 1991), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Puerto Rico (Rützler, 2002b),Panama (Diaz, 2005), Mexico (Atlantic coast; Vicenteet al., 1991; Rützler, 1997), U.S. Virgin Islands (Rützler,1997), Colombia (Atlantic coast; Vicente et al., 1991).REMARKS: Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality ofhis record; it was inferred from the label of the specimenYPM 5718.E Cliona Grant, 1826For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).Type species: Cliona celata Grant, 1826a (by monotypy).K Cliona carteri (Ridley, 1881)Vioa carteri Ridley, 1881: 129.Cliona viridis var. carteri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13.64

Taxonomic ListCliona carteri, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:20; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.12.27.14.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank(20º42’S–37º27’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian,1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: VitóriaBank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain, 20º42’S–37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: West Africa (? cf. Hechtel, 1976).REMARKS: Ridley (1881) did not mention the register numberof the type specimen. We fixed here as holotype bymonotypy the single original specimen in the Alertcollection.K Cliona celata complex Grant, 1826Cliona celata Grant, 1826a: 78, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275;Hechtel, 1976: 253; Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 231;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Reis& Leão, 2002: 274; Rützler, 2002b: 176; Muricy et al.,2008: 54; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.Papillina suberea Schmidt, 1862: 69.Hymeniacidon celata, Bowerbank, 1866: 212.Cliona cf. celata, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al.,2002b: 389.Cliona aff. celata, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Monteiro &Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al.,2004: 590; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:354.Complexo Cliona celata, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 45.Cliona celata complex, Marinho et al., 2010: 268.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. The holotype is believed to bein the Grant Museum of Zoology and ComparativeAnatomy at the University College, London, whereR.E. Grant worked, but this information could not beconfirmed (Rützler, 2002b).TYPE LOCALITY: Scotland, U.K.: Firth of Forth (North Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Abrolhos(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Camaçari(Guarajuba Beach; Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Mata de São João (Praiado Forte, Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PernambucoState: Paulista (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Natal(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo(Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Espírito Santostate: Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Guarapari (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio deJaneiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Arraial do Cabo (20 m depth, Mothes de Moraes,1985b [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy,2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). OffIlhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24 o 43’S–45 o 10’W, 97-100 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). SãoSebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santoset al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan (cf.Rützler, 2002b), but C. celata sensu stricto is probablyrestricted to the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean.REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the label ofthe specimen YPM 8947.K Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973: 28; van Soest, 1981: 5; Rose & Risk,1985: 345; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 96; Kobluk & van Soest,1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Diaz, 2005: 471; Granato et al.,2005: 194; Muricy et al., 2008: 56.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8715. Paratypes in BMNH,SUNY-UWI (cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1998).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Granato et al., 2005[chemistry]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,1990), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba (Alcolado,2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Curaçao (van Soest, 1981),Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cayman Islands(Rose & Risk, 1985), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).65

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Cliona dioryssa (de Laubenfels, 1950)Spirastrella dioryssa de Laubenfels, 1950a: 98.Cliona dioryssa, Rützler, 1974: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004:415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 46.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.41. SchizoholotypeBAMZ unregistered.TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Rützler,1974).K Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976:255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 994 (Fig.8G).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Camposdos Goytacazes (22 o 21’S–41 o 09’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 101, 22 o 21’S–41 o 09’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [originaldescription]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype bymonotypy the single original specimen deposited in theMNHN collection.K Cliona schmidti (Ridley, 1881)Vioa schmidti Ridley, 1881: 130.Vioa Johnstonii sensu Schmidt, 1870: 5 (non Schmidt, 1862: 78).Cliona schmidti, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976:253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79;Alcolado, 2002: 59; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (probably lost; see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Montenegro: Bay of Kotor (Adriatic Sea)BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998). Adriatic Sea (Ridley, 1881).REMARKS: Ridley (1881) created this species in a footnote as areplacement name for Schmidt’s (1870) variety of Vioajohnstonii from Bay of Kotor, Montenegro (as Bocche diCattaro), which he considered as a species distinct fromV. johnstonii sensu Schmidt (1862) from Sibenik, Croatia(as Sebenico).K Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Thalysias varians Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 86.Anthosigmella varians, de Laubenfels, 1936: 143; deLaubenfels, 1953: 539; Little, 1963: 55; Hechtel, 1965:55; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 165; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 129;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 92; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Atta et al.,1992: 53; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes,1998: 215; Costa et al., 2000: 314; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Farrapeira, 2010: 214.Spirastrella varians, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Cliona varians, Rosell & Uriz, 1997: 351; Botticelli, 2000:34; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221;Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415;Diaz, 2005: 471; Moura et al., 2006: 518; Cedro et al.,2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 59; Queiroz et al., 2008:217; Stofel et al., 2008: 17; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:1087.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 71. ParalectotypeZMAPOR 2377. Schizolectotypes USNM 31048,MNHN.D.NBE 1343, BMNH 1928.11.12.49.TYPE LOCALITIES: Guadeloupe, U.S. Virgins Island (St. Thomas)and St. Barthelemy.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: State not informed(Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). Alagoas State: Maceió(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).Bahia State: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1992[pharmacology]; Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Camaçari(Guarajuba Beach; Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Porto Seguro (Botticelli,2000 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality notinformed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Extremoz (Queirozet al., 2008 [chemistry]). Parnamirim (Moura et al.,2006 [pharmacology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al.,2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo66

Taxonomic Liststate: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981[description]). Vila Velha (Stofel et al., 2008 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean: Guadeloupe,U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864),U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990),Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica(Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Honduras, Bonaire,Panama (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Diaz, 2005), Atlantic(Rosell & Uriz, 1997), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990),Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).E Pione Gray, 1867For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).Type species: Cliona northumbrica Hancock, 1849 (= Clionavastifica Hancock, 1849; by subsequent designation,Rosell & Uriz, 1997).K Pione carpenteri (Hancock, 1849) (new combination)Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849: 241; Boury-Esnault, 1973:274; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Rützler & Stone, 1986: 661; vanSoest, 1993: 213; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype THM 4.15.11-12 (2 slides from thesame specimen; cf. Rützler & Stone, 1986).TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Pacific coast): Mazatlán.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Pacific coast (Rützler & Stone,1986) and Atlantic coast (Campeche Bank; Topsent,1889). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: New generic assignment following Rützler (2002b),van Soest et al. (2011).E Spheciospongia Marshall, 1892For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).Type species: Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815 (by originaldesignation).K Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983Spheciospongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983: 78; Santos et al.,2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9026 (Fig. 8H). ParatypesYPM 5702, 5708a-e, 9026.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [description];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Spheciospongia vesparium (Lamarck, 1815)Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815: 78.?Pseudosuberites melanos de Laubenfels, 1934: 9;Desqueyroux, 1972: 15; Mothes de Moraes & Pauls,1979: 58.Pseudosuberites pseudos Dickinson, 1945: 38.Spheciospongia vesparia, de Laubenfels, 1953: 536; Hechtel,1965: 57; Muricy et al., 2008: 53.Spheciospongia vesparium, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 93; Alvarezet al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 80; Rützler, 2002b: 182; Diaz, 2005: 471;Farrapeira, 2010: 214.Cliona vesparia, Alcolado, 2002: 59.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 3419.TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles (cf. Hechtel, 1965).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira,2010 [ecology]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). South Region:Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (off Saritalighthouse, 32 o 44’S–51 o 47’W, 30 m depth, Mothes deMoraes & Pauls, 1979 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Baja California, Pacific coast),Antilles, Chile (Valparaiso to Chiloé), Cuba, PuertoRico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Bahamas, Belize,U.S.A. (North Carolina, Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1934,1953; Dickinson, 1945; Hechtel, 1965; Desqueyroux,1972; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).REMARKS: Although Pseudosuberites melanos is currentlyconsidered as a junior synonym of Spheciospongiavesparium, the records of the two species from Brazilare very different morphologically and probably notcospecific; they should therefore be revised.Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 4E Placospongia Gray, 1867For synonyms see Rützler (2002c).Type species: Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b (byoriginal designation).K Placospongia carinata (Bowerbank, 1858)Geodia carinata Bowerbank, 1858: 308; Bowerbank, 1864:254; Gray, 1867b: 548; Gray, 1868: 168.67

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPlacospongia carinata, Ridley, 1884: 481; Sollas, 1888:272; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902: 3; Dendy, 1905: 126;Hentschel, 1912: 324; Dendy, 1916: 132; Lévi, 1956: 10;Burton, 1959: 213; Little, 1963: 56; Hechtel, 1965: 62;Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965: 94; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971:76; Hechtel, 1976: 241; Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978: 3;Green & Gómez, 1986: 273; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 100;Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 273; van Soest, 2009: 9.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1895.6.7.1.TYPE LOCALITY: “South Seas” (Bowerbank, 1858).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off the mouthof the Amazon River (N.O.A.S. Operação Norte-Nordeste II sta. 1889, 2 o 30’N–47 o 16’01”W, 31 m depth;Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978 [description]). NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Locality not informed(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). Recife (Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia, S Australia (cf. Sollas, 1888;Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902), India, Andaman Is. (Dendy,1916), East Africa (Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993),Madagascar (Lévi, 1956; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965, 1971),Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Mexico(Pacific coast; Green & Gómez, 1986), Gulf of Mexico(Little, 1963), Colombia, Grenada (van Soest, 2009).REMARKS: (1) This is a species complex and strongly needsrevision. According to van Soest (2009) Placospongiacarinata sensu Little (1963), Hechtel (1976), Coelho& Mello-Leitão (1978) and Pulitzer-Finali (1986)(including citation of Lehnert & van Soest, 1998) =Placospongia sp. 1 [non P. carinata (Bowerbank, 1858)],probably a new species. Although we agree with thisproposal, we preferred to keep the original identificationof these records as P. carinata until a formal descriptionof “Placospongia sp. 1” is published. (2) The preciselocality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicatedby Hechtel (1976). It was obtained through the label ofthe specimen YPM IZ 9021. (3) Coelho & Mello-Leitão(1978) erroneously indicated the coordinates of theircollection site as 2 o 30’S–47 o 16’01”W, a locality nearParagominas, Pará State, 200 km inland. We assumed itwas a missprint of 2 o 30’N, which is located offshore.K Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel,1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Bispo e al., 2006: 24.?Placospongia melobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt,1927: 142; de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías,1989: 81 (non Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b;synonyms after van Soest, 2009).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960 (Fig.9A).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Porto deGalinhas (8 o 28’S–34 o 55’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Todos os Santos Bay; Bispo et al., 2006 [ecology]).Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypsosta. 29, 8 o 28’S–34 o 55’W, 25 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos etal., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: ?Gulf of Mexico (Schmidt, 1870),?Curaçao (Arndt, 1927); ?Bermuda (de Laubenfels,1936), ?Mexico (Campeche; González-Farías, 1989) (cf.van Soest, 2009).REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as theholotype by monotypy the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Mothes et al.(2006a) considered Placospongia cristata as a juniorsynonym of P. melobesioides Gray, 1867b, following thesuggestion of Rützler (2002c), but we prefer to keep themas separate species waiting for more detailed studies. Wefollow here tentatively the proposal of van Soest (2009)that several Western Atlantic records of P. melobesioidesbelong instead to this species, but this hypothesis alsoneeds to be tested by genetic methods.K Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888: 273; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Rützler etal., 2000: 234; Alcolado, 2002: 60; Santos et al., 2002b:390; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Diaz, 2005: 470 (nonPlacospongia intermedia sensu de Laubenfels, 1936 [=“Placospongia sp. 3”; cf. van Soest, 2009]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1850.10.7.25.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: Punta Arenas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Trairi(Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Sollas, 1888), Belize(Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: This species is currently being revised and itsBrazilian records will probably be invalidated (CíntiaRua, pers. comm., 2011).K Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b: 128; Carter, 1880:53; Carter, 1882: 357; Sollas, 1888: 271; Vosmaer &Vernhout, 1902: 13; de Laubenfels, 1953: 540; Hechtel,1969: 32; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Pulitzer-68

Taxonomic ListFinali, 1993: 274; Rützler, 2002c: 198; (?)Mothes et al.,2006a: 670; de Voogd et al., 2009: 174 (non Placospongiamelobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt, 1927: 142;de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías, 1989: 81 [=?P. cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 52.4.1.14.TYPE LOCALITY: Borneo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W), 76 m depth, Mothes et al.,2006a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Borneo. Indian Ocean: Gulf ofManaar (Gray, 1867b; Sollas, 1888; Vosmaer & Vernhout,1902; de Voogd et al., 2009), Mombasa, Zanzibar(Pulitzer-Finali, 1993). Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida;de Laubenfels, 1953; Rützler, 2002c). Caribbean:Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,1989).REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2006a) considered Placospongiacristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 as a junior synonym ofP. melobesioides, following the suggestion of Rützler(2002c). However, in view of the long distance betweenBrazil and the type locality of P. melobesioides, we preferto keep them as separate species until more evidence isavailable. The Caribbean records of this species also needrevision, and many probably belong instead to P. cristata(cf. van Soest, 2009). Although we agree with van Soest(2009) that the Brazilian record of this species (Motheset al., 2006a) probably does not belong to P. melobesioidessensu stricto, we preferred to keep the name originallyused until a new name is formally proposed.Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2E Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b).Type species: Spongia mamillaris Müller, 1806 (by monotypy).K Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 487; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 211; Topsent, 1892a: 132; Topsent, 1904:119; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.35a.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Sergipe State: Off the mouth of theSão Francisco river (10 o 46’S–036 o 02’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Sergipe State: Offthe mouth of the São Francisco river (Challenger sta.125, 10 o 46’S–036 o 02’W, 2196 m depth; Ridley & Dendy,1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (Azores; Topsent,1892a, 1904).REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887) did not designatetype specimens for this species. We designate here as theholotype by monotypy the single specimen collected bythe Challenger and deposited at The Natural HistoryMuseum, London. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneouslyreported this species from Pernambuco State.K Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)Suberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel,1976: 244.Polymastia sp., Muricy, 1989: 351.Polymastia mammillaris sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b:230 [non P. mammillaris (Müller, 1806)].Polymastia janeirensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy etal., 1993: 429; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a: 797; Klautauet al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 107; Muricy & Silva,1999: 161; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59;Bakus et al., 2004: 195; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch etal., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 102; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 44; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Bakus et al., 2007: 2452;Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Frota etal., 2009a: 14; Frota et al., 2009b: 441; Laport et al., 2009:91; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Marinho et al., 2010: 268;Santos et al., 2010b: 605.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 (Fig.9B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Camposdos Goytacazes (22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al.,2008 [chemical ecology]). Southeast Region: Statenot informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Pradoet al., 2004 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Espírito Santo state: Camburi (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Guarapari (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Vitória (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Rio de Janeirostate: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Bakus et al., 2004[ecology]; Bakus et al., 2007 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo(15 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description];5-10 m depth, Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al.,1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];3-7 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description];Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]). Cabo Frio (3-5 m depth, Boury-Esnault etal., 1994a [description]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes69

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera(Calypso sta. 100, 22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W, 39 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro &Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; 7 m depth, Turque et al., 2008[microbiology]; 4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009[microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São PauloState: São Sebastião (3 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al.,1994a [description]). South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002[pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis];Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006[pharmacology]; 0.5-20 m depth, Frota et al., 2009a, b[pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Lerner,1996 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. Boury-Esnault et al. (1994a)referred to MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 as “type specimen”and the type locality as being Camburi, Espírito SantoState. However, the coordinates of the collection site ofthis specimen are much closer to Campos dos Goytacazesand clearly in Rio de Janeiro State.Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886For synonyms see Rützler (2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 4E Diplastrella Topsent, 1918Type species: Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862 (by originaldesignation).K Diplastrella bistellata (Schmidt, 1862)Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862: 45.Diplastrella bistellata, van Soest, 1993: 210; Rützler, 2002d:221; Muricy et al., 2006: 116.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 2022309 (cf. Rützler,2002d).TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Tremiti Islands (Adriatic Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Bahia, EspíritoSanto or Rio de Janeiro; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea (Italy; Schmidt, 1862; Rützler,2002d).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: The Brazilian record requires revision.K Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965: 58; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1213; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 57; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 80; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Moraes etal., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2006: 140.Diplastrella megastelata, Diaz, 2005: 471 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5044. Schizoholotype USNM24503 (Fig. 9C).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-25R, 19.520 o S–38.768 o ’W, 65 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C5-25R, 19.527 o S–38.768 o ’W, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965;Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989).E Spirastrella Schmidt, 1868For synonyms see Rützler (2002d).Type species: Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868 (bymonotypy).K Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84.Spirastrella coccinea, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 96; Hechtel, 1965:54; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90;Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;Alcolado, 2002: 60; Diaz, 2005: 470; Cedro et al., 2007:234 (non Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999:145; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998:215; Santos et al., 2002b: 390 [=Spirastrella hartmani]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1928.11.12.46 (fragment;cf. van Soest et al., 2003). Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2076.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas, DominicanRepublic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a),Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: Some of these records may actually belong toSpirastrella hartmani.K Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac,Wulff & Solé-Cava, 199970

Taxonomic ListChondrilla phyllodes sensu Carter, 1890: 565 [non Chondrillaphyllodes (Schmidt, 1870) = Spirastrella phyllodes].Chondrillina phylloides, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15(misspelling).Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 145; Mothes& Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santoset al., 2002b: 390 (non Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing& Michelotti, 1864: 84; non Spirastrella coccinea sensuWiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90; Diaz,2005: 470).Spirastrella cunctatrix sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 162; Santoset al., 2002b: 390 (non Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt,1868).Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault et al., 1999: 48; Esteveset al., 2002: 6; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470;Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricyet al., 2008: 60; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.NBE 1469. ParatypesYPM 21026, 21027.TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Atlantic coast): San Blas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010[ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography];Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel,1976 [biogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricyet al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A (Florida: Dry Tortugas (deLaubenfels, 1936), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a),Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands, Panama (Atlanticcoast; Boury-Esnault et al., 1999; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: Some of these records possibly belong to Spirastrellacoccinea.Family Stylocordylidae Topsent, 1892TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Stylocordyla Thomson, 1873For synonyms see van Soest (2002b).Type species: Hyalonema boreale Loven, 1868 (by originaldesignation).K Stylocordyla borealis (Loven, 1868)Hyalonema borealis Loven, 1868: 99; Gray, 1868e: 319.Polymastia stipitata Carter, 1876: 393.Stylorhiza stipitata, Schmidt, 1880: 79.Stylocordyla stipitata, Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 489; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 223; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel,1976: 254.Stylocordyla borealis, Topsent, 1913a: 27; Koltun, 1964: 24;van Soest, 2002b: 225.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype and paralectotype in StockholmMuseum (cf. van Soest, 2002b).TYPE LOCALITY: Norway.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886[distribution]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway (Loven, 1868), Iceland (Topsent,1913a), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964). Caribbean: Grenada(Schmidt, 1880).REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886,1887; off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” bythe H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2)Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously recorded thisspecies from Maceió, Alagoas State. (3) The holotypeof Polymastia stipitata Carter is deposited at BMNH1882.7.28.73 (Fig. 9D); the Brazilian specimen (Ridley &Dendy, 1887) is deposited at BMNH 1887.5.2.279 (Fig.9E). The specimens are quite different morphologicallyand may represent distinct species. Their synonymy toStylocordyla borealis should also be checked.Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 8E Aaptos Gray, 1867For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).Type species: Ancorina adriatica Gray, 1867a: 519 (by originaldesignation) [= Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864: 33)].K Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864)Ancorina aaptos Schmidt, 1864: 33.Aaptos aaptos, Lévi, 1958: 24, Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 130; vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988: 77; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989:71

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera1210; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 267; van Soest, 1993: 212;Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304; van Soest, 2002c:229; Souza et al., 2007: 201 (further synonyms in vanSoest, 2002c) [non Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault,1973 [= Aaptos bergmanni]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1910.1.1.866 (designatedby Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304). ParalectotypeLMJG 15705 (designated by van Soest, 2002c).TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Lagoste.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Souza et al., 2007[pharmacology]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,1981 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, IndianOcean (Zanzibar, Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993), RedSea, Atlantic coast of Africa, Puerto Rico (Schmidt, 1864;Wilson, 1902; Lévi, 1958; Thomas, 1973), Barbados (vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,1989); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: Aaptos aaptos sensu lato is a complex of siblingspecies and the identity of the Brazilian record is highlyquestionable.K Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950a: 101; Hechtel, 1976:252.Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274; Santos et al.,2002b: 390; Laport et al., 2009: 91 [non Aaptos aaptos(Schmidt, 1864)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntype BMNH 1948.8.6.43. Other syntypesBAMZ unregistered.TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: SantoAntonio Bank (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). PernambucoState: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W,75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a).REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of A. aaptos fromthe Calypso expedition (Boury-Esnault, 1973) wassynonymized with A. bergmanni by Hechtel (1976)without apparent justification. (2) The collection site ofthe record from Bahia state was inferred from the labelof YPM 8970. (3) Some authors (Solé-Cava et al., 1981;van Soest & Stentoft, 1988) consider A. bergmanni as ajunior synonym of Aaptos aaptos.E Suberites Nardo, 1833For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).Type species: Alcyonium domuncula Olivi, 1792 (by originaldesignation).K Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864)Terpios aurantiaca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 99;Rützler et al., 2000: 234.Suberites aurantiaca, Rützler & Smith, 1993: 390; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 80; Diaz, 2005: 471.Laxosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 51;Vilanova et al., 2004: 651.Protosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes et al., 2003: 49; Mothes etal., 2006c: 83.Protosuberites aurantiacus, Santos et al., 2004: 590.Suberites aurantiacus, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 48; Farrapeiraet al., 2009: 91.TYPE SPECIMENS: Schizolectotype USNM 31045.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PernambucoState: Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: SãoSebastião (Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes etal., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Mothes& Lerner, 1994 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda,Tobago, Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al.,2000), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama(Diaz, 2005).K Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 198; Topsent, 1892a: 130; Koltun, 1964: 25;Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothesde Moraes & Pauls, 1979: 59; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161;Mothes et al., 2003: 71; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005:205; Mothes et al., 2006c: 73; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.92.TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: off the mouth of Plata River(37°17’S–53°52’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Ilha Grande (5 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Maricá (Calypso sta. 108,23 o 06’S–42 o 50’W, 63 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Rio de Janeiro (Calypsosta. 105, 23 o 07’S–43 o 11’W, 54 m depth; Boury-Esnault,72

Plates

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 5. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Holoxea violacea (holotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964). B, Jaspis salvadori (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956). C, D, Penares anisoxia(holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029). E, Penares chelotropa (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944). F,Rhabdastrella fibrosa (holotype YPM 5730, from two different angles). G, Rhabdastrella virgula (holotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023). H, Stelletta anancora (Burton’s (1954) specimen from São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago – BMNH 1938.6.30.6).74

Taxonomic ListFig. 6. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Stelletta anasteria (paratype MNRJ 6699). B,Tribrachium schmidtii (neotype BMNH 1889.1.1.71d; cf. Uriz et al., 2002a). C, D, Caminus sphaeroconia(one of the three syntypes in BMNH.1889.1.1.78). E, Erylus alleni (holotype USNM 22268). F, Erylusformosus (holotype BMNH.1889.1.1.77). G, Geodia corticostylifera (paratype MNRJ 2906). H, Geodiaglariosa (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.85).75

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 7. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, B, Geodia papyracea (schizoparatype USNM24496). C, Geodia tylastra (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999) from two different angles. D, Characellaaspera (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.41). E, Dysidea etheria (holotype USNM 22408). F, Dysidea robusta(paratype MNRJ 3121). G, Euryspongia rosea (holotype USNM 22428). H, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, from Atol das Rocas).76

Taxonomic ListFig. 8. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1022, from off Recife). B, Psammocinia compacta (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39). C,Cacospongia amorpha (fragment of one the two syntypes in BMNH 1885.8.8.26a). D, Cacospongialevis (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25). E, Scalarispongia cincta (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017). F,Scolopes moseleyi (holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106). G, Cliona raphida (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE994). H, Spheciospongia symbiotica (holotype YPM 9026).77

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 9. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Placospongia cristata (holotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960). B, Polymastia janeirensis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955). C, Diplastrellamegastellata (schizoholotype USNM 24503). D, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; holotypeBMNH.1882.7.28.73 from Shetland Islands). E, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; Challengerspecimen from off Salvador, Bahia state, BMNH.1887.5.2.279). F, Terpios manglaris (holotype USNM43150). G, Ptilocaulis braziliensis (holotype YPM 5727). H, Ptilocaulis fosteri (paratype YPM 8984).78

Taxonomic ListFig. 10. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Scopalina ruetzleri (holotypeUSNM 24459). B, Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis (holotype MNRJ 2030). C, Petromica(Chaladesma) citrina (holotype MNRJ 580). D, Didiscus oxeata (holotype YPM 8968). E, Arenosclerabrasiliensis (holotype UFRJPOR 4627). F, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli (holotype YPM 8944). G, H,Amphimedon compressa (lectotype ZMAPOR 863).79

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 11. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Amphimedon erina (holotype USNM 22245). B,Niphates alba (holotype ZMAPOR 3942). C, Pachychalina alcaloidifera (holotype MNRJ 552). D, Petrosia(Petrosia) weinbergi (holotype ZMAPOR 3670). E, Xestospongia grayi (fragments of holotype YPM 9008). F,Aka coralliphaga (holotype USNM 24095). G, Oceanapia bartschi (two fragments (?) of the holotype USNM22391). H, Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 from off Salvador, Bahia State (= Oceanapiafistulosa; BMNH 1887.5.2.244).80

Taxonomic ListFig. 12. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Oceanapia nodulosa (holotype YPM 5705 fromtwo different angles). B, Metania fittkaui (holotype MNRJ 05). C, Oncosclera jewelli (holotype MNRJ 01).D, Pottsiela spoliata (holotype MNRJ 87). E, Radiospongilla amazonensis (holotype MNRJ 88). F, Plakortismicrorhabdifera (holotype MNRJ 2165). G, Gastrophanella cavernicola (paratype UFRJPOR 4773). H,Acarnus radovani (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis).81

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 13. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Acarnus toxeata (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE1037). B, Cornulum tylotum (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943). C, Clathria (Clathria) calypso (holotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035). D, Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972).E, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946). F, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 983). G, Echinodictyum dendroides (holotype YPM 8946). H, Raspailia (Raspailia)tenuis (holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24).82

Taxonomic ListFig. 14. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (lectotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032). B, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE1039). C, Thrinacophora funiformis (one of the two syntypes in BMNH 1887.5.2.27). D, Sigmaxinella cearense(holotype MNRJ 8687). E, Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973). F, Lissodendoryx(Anomodoryx) recife (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985). G, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (holotypeMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986). H, Echinostylinos unguiferus (= Monanchora arbuscula; holotype USNM 23404).83

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFig. 15. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Crella (Grayella) spinosa (holotype YPM 9019).B, Phorbas ramosus (holotype YPM 8969). C, Craniella carteri (syntype BMNH 1889.1.1.23). D, Craniellacorticata (syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027). E, Aplysina muricyana (paratype MNRJ 2173). F, Aplysinapergamentacea (holotype YPM 9004). G, Aplysina solangeae (holotype MNRJ 4173). H, Eurete atlantica(holotype MNRJ 7330A).84

Taxonomic List1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State:Off Ubatuba (Calypso sta. 130, 23 o 43’S–44 o 57’W, 46m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Off Rio Grande (Calypso sta. 155;32 o 41’S–51 o 39’W, 40 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes etal., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar(34 o 19’S–51 o 42’W, 196 m depth, Mothes de Moraes &Pauls, 1979 [description]). Santa Catarina State: OffBarra Velha (Calypso sta. 145, 26 o 34’S–47 o 22’W, 100 mdepth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay (off the mouth of Plata River;Boury-Esnault, 1973), Argentina (Ridley & Dendy, 1886,1887; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Azores (Topsent,1892a), Southern Indian Ocean (off Marion Island,Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964).REMARKS: (1) Mothes de Moraes & Pauls (1979) reported theircollection site as being in Uruguay, but the nearest pointto it in the coast is Santa Vitória do Palmar, SouthernBrazil. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Suberitescaminatos (sic) from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; thisrecord is not considered valid here because it was basedon an unpublished academic study.K Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842)Halichondria carnosa Johnston, 1842: 146.Suberites carnosus, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 197; Boury-Esnault,1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy& Silva, 1999: 161; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; López-Gappa& Landoni, 2005: 205; Moraes et al., 2006: 168.Suberites massa sensu Carter, 1890: 566.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: British Islands: Roundstone Bay, Cunnamara.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Ridley &Dendy, 1887 [description]; Carter, 1890 [faunistics];Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114,23 o 04’S–44 o 14’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.K. (Johnston, 1842), Azores (Ridley &Dendy, 1887), Mediterranean (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993), Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Kerguelen Islands, Australia(cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887).REMARKS: (1) Hechtel (1976) considered the records fromFernando de Noronha as questionable. It was describedas “a variety” of S. carnosus by Ridley & Dendy (1887)and as S. massa by Carter (1890). (2) Junqueira et al.(2004) recorded Suberites carnosus from Sepetiba, Rio deJaneiro State, but this record is not considered valid herebecause it was based on an unpublished academic study.E Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Type species: Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864(by subsequent designation; Topsent, 1900).K Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993: 388; Mothes et al.,2006a: 673.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 43147. Paratypes USNM43148, 43149, MZUS PO-150.TYPE LOCALITY: Tobago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(02º34’02”N–47º54’05”W, 56 m depth, Mothes et al.,2006a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Tobago, Gulf of Mexico (Rützler & Smith,1993).K Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 102; deLaubenfels, 1950a: 103; Rützler & Smith, 1993: 384;Rützler et al., 2000: 234; van Soest, 2002c: 244; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 49; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype (designated by van Soest et al.,1983) BMNH 1928.11.12.11.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al.,2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (CagarrasArchipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Belize,Puerto Rico, Bermuda; Adriatic Sea: Croatia (deLaubenfels, 1950a; Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al.,2000; van Soest, 2002c).K Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993: 385; Rützler et al.,2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 471; Lerner et al., 2005b: 608.85

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 43150 (Fig. 9F). ParatypesUSNM 43151, 43161, 43162.TYPE LOCALITY: Belize: Man of War Cay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Bombinhas (Deserta Island, 12 m depth; Galé Island, 11m depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993;Rützler et al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005).Family Tethyidae Gray, 1848For synonyms see Sarà (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 10E Halicometes Topsent, 1898For synonyms see Sarà (2002).Type species: Halicometes stellata (Schmidt, 1870) (by originaldesignation).K Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 167;Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 423. Paratypes MCN 2765-2770, MSNG 48599, 48600.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffTramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Bertioga (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6661, 24º07.637’S–45º51.895’W, 147 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).Off Cananéia (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6699, 26º01.26’S–46º25.26’W, 150 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEESul sta. 6673, 24º17.939’S–44º35.983’W, 133 m depth,Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Tramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W, 190 m depth; Sarà &de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Tethya Lamarck, 1814For synonyms see Sarà (2002).Type species: Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766).K Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766)Alcyonium aurantium Pallas, 1766: 357.Donatia lyncurium, Carter, 1890: 566.Tethya lyncurium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Santos et al.,2002b: 391.Tethya aurantium, Hechtel, 1976: 252; Mothes & Bastian,1993: 19; van Soest, 1993: 210; Sarà, 2002: 248; Santos etal., 2002b: 391.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MSNG 49670 (cf. Sarà, 2002).TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes & Bastian, 1993[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Northwestern coastsof Africa, Azores (Sarà, 2002). Tropical West Africa (vanSoest, 1993).REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. aurantium was recentlyreevaluated and renamed as a new species, Tethyabeatrizae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is notused in this catalogue, however, because it only includesreferences up to year 2010.K Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 4.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4670-a. ParatypesUFRJPOR 4670-b, 4676; MNRJ 5309, 5310, 5313, 5314,5317a–b, 5318, 5319.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: AbrolhosArchipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 7.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6723.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: AbrolhosArchipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870: 52; de Laubenfels, 1953:545; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14;Hechtel, 1976: 253, 255; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 98; Mothesde Moraes, 1987: 130; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81;Santos et al., 2002b: 391.TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified bySchmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.93,ZMUC unregistered (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone,1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region:86

Taxonomic ListSão Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). SouthRegion: Santa Catarina State: Porto Belo (0.5-1.5 mdepth, João da Cunha Island, Mothes de Moraes, 1987[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Antilles, Puerto Rico,Jamaica (Schmidt, 1870; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998).REMARKS: The Brazilian records of T. diploderma were recentlyreevaluated and re-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro& Muricy, 2011). The revised name is not used in thiscatalogue, however, because it only includes referencesup to year 2010.K Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 9.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5322a.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: AbrolhosArchipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888: 430; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274;Thomas, 1973: 72; Hechtel, 1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines: off Manila (11°37’N–123°31’E).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Seychelles, RedSea, Australian region (cf. Thomas, 1973).REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. japonica has been recentlyreevaluated and was renamed as a new species, Tethyanicoleae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is notused in this catalogue, however, because it only includesreferences up to year 2010.K Tethya maza Selenka, 1879Tethya maza Selenka, 1879: 472; Sollas, 1888: 440; Sollas,1902: 216; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothes de Moraes, 1980:78; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy & Silva, 1999:161; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.Donatia maza, Eichenauer, 1915: 271.Tethytimea maza, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14.Tethya sp., cf. maza, Hechtel, 1965: 67.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 810 (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro(Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State: SãoSebastião (Mothes de Moraes, 1980 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), U.S. Virgin Islands (Eichenauer, 1915).REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reportedthis species from Florianópolis, in Santa Catarina State(as Destêrro). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recordedTethya maza from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but thisrecord is not considered valid here because it was basedon an unpublished academic study. (3) This specieshas been recently revised and a neotype was designatedfrom the same original type locality (Ribeiro & Muricy,2011).K Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 11.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5316. Paratypes UFRJPOR4735, MNRJ 5320, 5321.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: AbrolhosArchipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [originaldescription]). Pernambuco State: Ipojuca (Ribeiro &Muricy, 2004 [original description]). Recife (Ribeiro &Muricy, 2004 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Tethya seychellensis (Wright, 1881)Alemo seychellensis Wright, 1881: 13.Tethya seychellensis, Sollas, 1888: 427; Wilson, 1902: 388;Hechtel, 1965: 65; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993:212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81.Tethya lyncurium var. C, Dendy, 1905: 114.TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (cf. Hechtel, 1965).TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Seychelles (Wright, 1881), Sri Lanka(Dendy, 1905), Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Puerto Rico(Wilson, 1902), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site inBrazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who statedonly “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging fromRio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtainedthrough the label of the specimen YPM 8966. (2)87

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaThe Brazilian record was recently reevaluated andre-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy,2011).Family Timeidae Topsent, 1928For synonyms see Rützler (2002e).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5E Timea Gray, 1867For synonyms see Rützler (2002e).Type species: Hymedesmia stellata Bowerbank, 1866 (bymonotypy).K Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930: 26; de Laubenfels, 1932:45; de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1976: 255.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 21499; BMNH 29.8.22.22.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Laguna Beach (California State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: California (de Laubenfels, 1930,1932).REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this Northeastern Pacificspecies should be revised. (2) de Laubenfels apparentlydivided in two the single original specimen, withoutspecifying which one would be the schizotype (cf. deLaubenfels, 1932).K Timea bioxyasterina Mothes, Santos & Campos, 2004Timea bioxyasterina Mothes et al., 2004d: 3.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7984. Schizoholotype MCN1850 (slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off São Luís(01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off São Luís (01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W, 35.5 m depth;Mothes et al., 2004d [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977: 32; Muricy et al., 2006:140; Muricy & Santos, 2007: 38.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1977.7.6.8b.TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Locality not informed (Muricy & Santos, 2007[description]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C5-25R,19.527 o S–38.768 o W, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Pulitzer-Finali, 1977).K Timea mixta (Topsent, 1896)Hymedesmia mixta Topsent, 1896a: 125.Timea mixta, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; vanSoest, 1993: 213.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T. 2449.TYPE LOCALITY: France: Cap l’Abeille (NW Mediterranean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: France (NW Mediterranean; Topsent,1896a), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Tropical WestAfrica (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazilwas not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grandedo Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through thelabel of the specimen YPM 8954.K Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960: 34; Boury-Esnault,1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993: 210.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype SZN 101 (in spirit), 113 (slides).Paratypes SZN 18, 26, 323, 400.TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ?PernambucoState: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]) OR ?Alagoas State: OffMaceió (Calypso sta. 33, 9 o 45’S–35 o 35W, 32 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Naples, Roscoff (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) recorded this speciesfrom Calypso Station 23, but indicated the coordinatesand depth corresponding to Station 33 according toForest (1966). It is unclear which information wascorrect, and thus the precise locality of this record isuncertain. (2) van Soest (2009) reported morphologicaldifferences between the Calypso specimen and theMediterranean Timea stellifasciata sensu Sarà & Siribelli(1960), suggesting they may be distinct species.ORDER HALICHONDRIDA GRAY, 1867For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002b).Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 988

Taxonomic ListE Axinella Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).Type species: Axinella polypoides Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Axinella corrugata (George & Wilson, 1919)Acanthella corrugata George & Wilson, 1919: 161.Teichaxinella corrugata, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154; Lerner,1996: 111.Teichaxinella morchella Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154.Axinella corrugata, Alvarez et al., 1998: 10; Muricy & Moraes,1998: 215; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b: 394;Mothes et al., 2003: 46; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes etal., 2006c: 77; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 56; Dresch et al.,2008: 24; Menezes et al., 2010: 467.Axinella sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Axinella aff. corrugata, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Laport et al.,2009: 91 (non Axinella aff. corrugata sensu Hajdu et al.,1999; Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006).Axinella cf. corrugata, Lira et al., 2007: 440.TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM unregistered (slides; cf. Alvarez et al.,1998).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: state not informed (Laport et al.,2009 [pharmacology]). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al.,2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dosBúzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraialdo Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio deJaneiro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São PauloState: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Lira et al., 2007 [pharmacology];Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). South Region:Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monkset al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; 0.5-14 mdepth, Dresch et al., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas(Ilha da Galé, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A. (North Carolina, SouthCarolina, Georgia, Florida), Curaçao, Venezuela (George& Wilson, 1919; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez et al.,1998).K Axinella echidnaea Ridley, 1884 sensu Ridley &Dendy, 1887Axinella echidnaea sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 183; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 253 (non Axinellaechidnaea Ridley, 1884: 462; Kieschnick, 1896: 533;Hentschel, 1912: 419; non Reniochalina stalagmitisLendenfeld, 1888 sensu Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994;Alvarez & Hooper, 2009).TYPE LOCALITY: None (not a valid species name).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Hooper & Wiedenmayer (1994) and Alvarez &Hooper (2009) included Axinella echidnaea as a juniorsynonym of Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888,from Western Australia, clearly stating however thatthe synonymy does not include the Brazilian record ofRidley & Dendy (1887). It became thus unclear whichname should be used for that Brazilian record. Itprobably deserves a new name, but that would requirea morphological revision of the Challenger specimen,which is out of the scope of this contribution. We thusmaintained the name Axinella echidnaea but adding“sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887” to make this distinctionclear. The Brazilian specimens of this species stronglyneed revision. (2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy(1887) (off Salvador), was referred to as “off Bahia” bythe H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).E Dragmacidon Hallmann, 1917For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).Type species: Thrinacophora agariciformis Dendy, 1905 (byoriginal designation).K Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)Axinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 481; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 184; Wilson, 1902: 400; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 13.Axinella lunaecharta sensu Hechtel, 1976: 241.Pseudaxinella lunaecharta sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 155;Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 102; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 131;Zea, 1987: 195; Muricy, 1989: 351; Alvarez et al., 1990:362; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Pseudaxinella lunaechartaRidley & Dendy, 1886).Pseudaxinella reticulata, Lerner, 1996: 110; Alvarez et al.,1998: 15; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy &Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 1999: 319; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b:394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Dresch et al., 2005: 17.89

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaDragmacidon reticulata, Diaz, 2005: 470; Mothes et al., 2006c:78; Menezes et al., 2010: 467.Dragmacidon reticulatus, Mothes et al., 2003: 45; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004: 682; Mothes et al., 2004b: 149; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Bezerra& Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 57; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al.,2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605.Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Cedro etal., 2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 107.Dragmacydon reticulatus, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.11.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: State not informed (from Rio Grande doNorte to Alagoas; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]).Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).Bahia State: Off Salvador (14-40 m depth; Ridley &Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy,1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Alvarez et al., 1998 [description]). Ceará State:Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedrada Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira etal., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: Off SãoLuís (01 o 33.81’S–43 o 15.87’w, 80 m depth, Mothes etal., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão(00 o 45’25”S–44 o 34’39”W, 43 m depth, Mothes et al.,2004b [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:State not informed (Alvarez et al., 1998 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Espírito Santostate: Guarapari (20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,1981 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva,1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy,2004 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State:São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10m depth, Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). SouthRegion: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed(Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Porto Belo (1.5-4.0m depth, João da Cunha Island; Mothes de Moraes, 1987[description]; Lerner, 1996 [description]). Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Curaçao, Bahamas, DominicanRepublic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (North Carolina,South Carolina, Florida), Bermuda, Puerto Rico, U.S.Virgin Islands, Belize, Nicarágua, Trinidad y Tobago,Venezuela (Wilson, 1902; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez etal., 1990; Alvarez et al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referredto as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recordedPseudaxinella lunaecharta from Sepetiba, Rio de JaneiroState, but this record is not considered valid here becauseit was based on an unpublished academic study.E Dragmaxia Hallmann, 1916Type species: Spongosorites variabilis Whitelegge, 1907 (byoriginal designation).K Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004: 3.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 122. Paratypes MNRJ 124,500, 788.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Ilhabela (Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Phakellia Bowerbank, 1862For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).Type species: Halichondria ventilabrum (= Spongia ventilabraLinnaeus, 1767) (by original designation).K Phakellia connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887Phakellia ventilabrum var. connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887:170; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13.Phakellia connexiva, Alvarez et al., 1998: 30; López-Gappa &Landoni, 2005: 213; Muricy et al., 2006: 143; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 355.Phakellia ventilabrum sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Phakelliaventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.2 (cf. Alvarez etal., 1998).90

Taxonomic ListTYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga(09 o 10’S–34 o 49’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffJaparatinga (Challenger sta. 122c, 09 o 10’S–34 o 49’W, 731m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Alvarez et al., 1998);off Falklands Islands (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005).E Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883bType species: Ptilocaulis gracilis Carter, 1883b (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936) (junior synonymof Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864;synonyms after Alvarez & Hooper, 2002).K Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983)Stylaxinella sp. A, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Stylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983: 74.Ptilocaulis bistyla, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 22; Santos et al.,2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2006: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8994. Paratypes YPM 5739-A,5739-B.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth,Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife(27-30 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel, 1983) (newcombination)Stylaxinella sp. B, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 75.Stylinos braziliensis, Santos et al., 2002b: 394.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5727 (Fig. 9G). ParatypesYPM 8967, 9011.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New generic assignment following Alvarez &Hooper (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983)Perissinella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Perissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983: 73; Santos et al., 2002b: 394.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9009. Paratype YPM 8984(Fig. 9H).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (18-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Alvarez et al. (1998: 25) transferred this species toPtilocaulis.K Ptilocaulis walpersi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 90.Ptilocaulis walpersi, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 84; Rützler etal., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2008: 105.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 56. ParalectotypeMSNG 38763. Schizolectotypes USNM 31025,MNHN.D.NBE 1314, BMNH 1928.11.12.17.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bermuda, Bahamas, U.S.Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Curaçao (Alvarezet al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).Family Dictyonellidae van Soest, Diaz &Pomponi, 1990For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Acanthella Schmidt, 1862Type species: Acanthella acuta Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequentdesignation; Vosmaer, 1912).K Acanthella flagelliformis (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988)Bubaris flagelliformis van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 110.Acanthella flagelliformis, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010f: 26.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 5366. ParatypesZMAPOR 5364, 5365, 5367.TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados: off Holetown.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Campos Basin (Oceanprof II BC-Norte, sta. 13, Cosme& Hajdu, 2010f).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).E Scopalina Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002).Type species: Scopalina lophyropoda Schmidt, 1862 (bymonotypy).91

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977)Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer, 1977: 145; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 118; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Muricy, 1989: 351.“Ulosa” ruetzleri, van Soest, 1981: 8; Zea, 1987: 200.Dictyonella ruetzleri, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215; Muricyet al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429.Scopalina ruetzleri, van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1996: 59; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy& Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 161; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Santos et al.,2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Mothes et al., 2003:55; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Monteiro & Muricy,2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590;Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 470; Lerner et al.,2005b: 602; Mothes et al., 2006c: 94; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 58; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Lira et al., 2010: 158;Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24459 (Fig. 10A). ParatypesUSNM 24460, 24461.TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Lira et al.,2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Locality not informed (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo(Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeirostate: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al.,1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State:São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2004 [interactive key]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Arvoredo Island (7 m depth; Motheset al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b[description]). Bombinhas (1.5 m depth, Galé Island;5-11 m depth, Deserta Island; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas(Wiedenmayer, 1977), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Jamaica(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998),Belize, Bermuda (Rützler et al., 2000, 2003), Bonaire(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). Tropical West Africa(van Soest, 1993).Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 6 SPECIES: 13E Amorphinopsis Carter, 1887For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Amorphinopsis excavans Carter, 1887 (bymonotypy).K Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes &van Soest, 2004Amorphinopsis sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Hajdu et al.,1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001:36; Prado et al., 2004: 129.Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho et al., 2004: 925; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 52.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 353. Paratypes MNRJ 142,194, 200, 246, 249, 278, 330, 359, 363, 375, 443, 493, 520,523, 571, 685, 707, 1688, 4001, 4004, UFRJPOR 4369-4372.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed:Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial doCabo (Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy &Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SãoPaulo State: Ilhabela (Carvalho et al., 2004 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SãoSebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al.,2001 [pharmacology]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Ciocalypta penicillus Bowerbank, 1864 (bymonotypy).K Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu,2003Ciocalypta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.Ciocalypta alba Carvalho et al., 2003: 2.92

Taxonomic ListTYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 5056. Paratypes MCN 5060,MNRJ 501, 555, 779, 781.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Coral Island.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 15-25m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003 [original description]).South Region: Santa Catarina State: Coral Island(locality “Paulo Lopes”, 12 m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Halichondria Fleming, 1828For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by originaldesignation).P Halichondria (Halichondria) Fleming, 1828For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by originaldesignation).K Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis Carvalho& Hajdu, 2001Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 163;Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 51.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2030 (Fig. 10B). ParatypesMNRJ 269, 372, 374, 709, 1301, 1328, 1943, 1944.Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1999.5.12.1,ZMAPOR 13629.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião (1-2 m depth; Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001[original description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactivekey]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa Hechtel,1965Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965: 53; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santoset al., 2002b: 394; Diaz, 2005: 470; Morgado & Tanaka,2001: 174.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5039.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: São PauloState: Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea Carvalho &Hajdu, 2001Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1333.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião (1.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766)Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766: 388.Halichondria panicea, Koltun, 1964: 90; Cuartas, 1991: 52;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 160; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 801.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1964.6.8.6 (Erpenbeck &van Soest, 2002).TYPE LOCALITY: U.K.: Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex (North Sea).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo(Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Atlantic (Erpenbeck & van Soest,2002). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). Antarctica(Koltun, 1964), Argentina (Cuartas, 1991).REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this species needsrevision. (2) New subgenus assignment based onErpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea Carvalho &Hajdu, 2001Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 170.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1034. Paratypes MNRJ342, 478, 506a. Schizotypes from holotype BMNH1999.5.12.2, ZMAPOR 13630.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (5-16 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001[original description]). São Sebastião (0-1 m depth,Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).K Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica Carvalho &Hajdu, 200193

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaHalichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 173.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 521. Paratype MNRJ 1316.Schizoholotype BMNH 1999.10.6.2.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião (0.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).E Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1858For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Hymeniacidon caruncula Bowerbank, 1858(by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864) (thisis considered a junior synonym of Spongia perlevisMontagu, 1818; cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002).K Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910)Stylotella heliophila Parker, 1910: 767; Wilson, 1911: 13;George & Wilson, 1919: 147.Hymeniacidon heliophila, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 92;Wiedenmayer, 1977: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;Mayer-Pinto et al., 2003: 1498; Mothes et al., 2003: 52;Custódio et al., 2004: 1000; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590;Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005: 953;Lerner et al., 2005b: 605; Mothes et al., 2006c: 88; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006: 53; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Ribeiro etal., 2008: 38; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Calil et al., 2009:280; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Marinho et al., 2010: 268;Ribeiro et al., 2010: 316; Turque et al., 2010: 7; Vilanovaet al., 2010: 524.Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila, Granato et al., 2000: 597;Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed:Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality notinformed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Angrados Reis (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Mayer-Pintoet al., 2003 [ecology]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Ribeiro et al., 2010 [chemical ecology]). Rio de Janeiro(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004 [genetics]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];Breves-Ramos et al., 2005 [ecology]; Salgado et al., 2007[genetics]; Turque et al., 2008 [microbiology]; Vilanovaet al., 2009 [biochemistry]; Marinho et al., 2010[pharmacology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology];Vilanova et al., 2010 [cell biology]). São Paulo State:São Sebastião (0-14 m depth, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999[genetics]; Granato et al., 2000 [chemistry]; Rangel et al.,2001 [pharmacology]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry];Custódio et al., 2004 [cell biology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Motheset al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (0.5 mdepth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Florianópolis(intertidal; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Penha(Quilombo Beach, 26 o 46’S–48 o 38’W; Calil et al., 2009[ecology]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island, intertidal;Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a); U.S.A.(Florida, North Carolina, Virginia; Parker, 1910; Wilson,1911; George & Wilson, 1919; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950),Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977).K Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1818)Spongia perlevis Montagu, 1818: 86.Hymeniacidon sanguinea sensu Carter, 1890: 566 (nonSpongia sanguinea Grant, 1826).Hymeniacidon sanguineus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12.Hymeniacidon perlevis, Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993:210; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 808; Santos et al.,2002b: 394.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1930.7.3.1290.TYPE LOCALITY: England: Tenby (Wales).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [faunistics];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (U.K., Azores),Mediterranean (Monaco, Italy), Cape Verde (Erpenbeck& van Soest, 2002).REMARKS: The Brazilian record was probably misidentifiedand needs revision. It was considered questionable byHechtel (1976) and Moraes et al. (2006).E Petromica Topsent, 1898For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a).Type species: Petromica grimaldii Topsent, 1898b (bymonotypy).REMARKS: We preferred not to follow the classification ofthe Systema Porifera (Pisera & Lévi, 2002a) because94

Taxonomic Listthe Lithistida is widely recognized as an artificialgroup and Petromica share several characters with theHalichondriidae (e.g., Diaz et al., 1993; Muricy et al.,2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002).P Petromica (Chaladesma) List-Armitage &Hooper, 2002Type species: Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986(by original designation).K Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides (van Soest& Zea, 1986)Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986: 202.Petromica ciocalyptoides, van Soest et al., 1990: 41; Diaz etal., 1991: 143; Diaz et al., 1993: 288; Gruber, 1993: 47;Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Muricy et al., 2001: 115;Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al.,2006: 168; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 54; Kossuga et al.,2007: 1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 102.Petromica cyocalliptoides, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 161 (misspelling).Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, List-Armitage &Hooper, 2002: 820.Petromica ciocaliptoides, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype RMNH Por. 1309. ParatypesZMAPOR 5837, 5838.TYPE LOCALITY: Caribbean: Saba Bank (17 o 23’N–63 o 33’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Açúda Torre (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]). Salvador(Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Todos os Santos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007[chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Riscado Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007[pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago (Muricy et al., 2001 [description];Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armaçãodos Búzios (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricyet al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Saba Bank, Colombia,Venezuela (van Soest & Zea, 1986; Diaz et al., 1991, 1993;Muricy et al., 2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002),Panama (Diaz, 2005).K Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Muricy, Hajdu,Minervino, Madeira & Peixinho, 2001Halichondria lutea sensu Lerner, 1996: 109 (non Halichondrialutea Alcolado, 1984: 10; Diaz et al., 1993: 294).Petromica sp. n., Hajdu et al., 1999: 23.Petromica sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.Petromica citrina Muricy et al., 2001: 117; Monks et al., 2002:4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Motheset al., 2006c: 101; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 55; Silva et al.,2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Santos et al., 2010b:605; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Turque et al., 2010: 7.Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, List-Armitage & Hooper,2002: 821.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 580 (Fig. 10C). ParatypesMNRJ 581, 736, 737, 1710–1713, MCN 3395.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Rio de Janeiro (Muricy et al., 2001 [original description];Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; 20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009[microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010[microbiology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (25 mdepth, Muricy et al., 2001 [original description]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel etal., 2001 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactivekey]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SouthRegion: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed(Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilhada Galé, Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy et al.,2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (Muricy et al., 2001;List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002).E Topsentia Berg, 1899For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).Type species: Anisoxya glabra Topsent, 1898b (by originaldesignation).K Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels, 1934)Viles ophiraphidites de Laubenfels, 1934: 13.Halichondria sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 71.Spongosorites sinuatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 115.Topsentia roquensis Diaz et al., 1987; van Soest & Stentoft,1988: 82; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215.Topsentia ophiraphidites, Diaz et al., 1993: 290; Lehnert &95

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferavan Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert& van Soest, 1999: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Moraeset al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Lôbo-Hajduet al., 2004: 415; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Moraes et al.,2006: 169; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Kossuga et al., 2007:1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 99; Moraes, 2009: 359.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22334.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Todos osSantos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). CearáState: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 mdepth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). MaranhãoState: Off Barreirinhas (01 o 57’01”S–42 o 24’15”w, 70m depth; Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Off SãoLuís (00 o 35’12”S–43 o 20’55”w, 94 m depth; 01 o 03’25”S–43 o 30’36”w, 184 m depth; 01 o 33.81’S–43 o 15.87’w, 80m depth; 01 o 54’31”S–44 o 03’43”w, 30 m depth; Motheset al., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão(00 o 50’N–43 o 58’w, 49 m depth; 00 o 22’N–44 o 5’2W, 72 mdepth; 00 o 11’13”N–44 o 46’12”w, 93 m depth; 00 o 20’38”S–44 o 17’38”w, 39 m depth; 00 o 32’S–43 o 50’w, 72 m depth;00 o 51’44”S–44 o 21’24”w, 31 m depth; Mothes et al.,2004b [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos etal., 2002b [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Hechtel,1983 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Barbados, Belize, Bonaire,Curaçao, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,Dominican Republic (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; van Soest & Stentoft,1988; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Lehnert & van Soest,1998, 1999; Rützler et al., 2000).Family Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 (cf. Hooper & van Soest,2005). For further synonyms see Hooper (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Didiscus Dendy, 1922Type species: Didiscus placospongioides Dendy, 1922 (bymonotypy).K Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983Didiscus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 254.Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983: 76; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989:1214; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991: 45; Diaz et al., 1993:304; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Lehnert & van Soest,1999: 150; Alcolado, 2002: 63; Moraes et al., 2006: 167;Muricy et al., 2008: 104; Vaske-Júnior, 2010; 46.Didiscus oxeatus, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 144.Didiscus flavus van Soest, 1984: 146.Didiscus habanensis Alcolado, 1984: 9 (cf. Diaz et al., 1993).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8968 (Fig. 10D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Locality not informed.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (60 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica,Bonaire, Curaçao (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991; Diaz et al.,1993; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 1984,2002).E Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870For synonyms see Hooper (2002a).Type species: Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1830 (bymonotypy).K Myrmekioderma rea (de Laubenfels, 1934)Anacanthaea rea de Laubenfels, 1934: 11.Epipolasis reiswigi Diaz et al., 1987: 36; van Soest & Stentoft,1988: 85.Myrmekioderma rea, Diaz et al., 1993: 303; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 85; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Mothes et al.,2003: 66; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Mothes et al., 2006c:65.Epipolasis rea, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 88.Myrmekioderma styx de Laubenfels, 1953: 523; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1214; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 120; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 104; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 90; Diaz etal., 1993: 303; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85.TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22301.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (18º30’20”N–66º22’05”W to18º30’30”N–66º23’05”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: OffSão Luís (01 o 33.81’S–43 o 15.87’W, 80 m depth; Mothes96

Taxonomic Listet al., 2004b [description]). South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Off Mostardas (150-190 m depth;Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Rio Grande(31º14’S–49º35’W, 150-190 m depth, de Rosa-Barbosa,1995 [description]).remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off SãoLuís were deduced from those originally published(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviouslywrong.WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Bahamas, Barbados,Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela (deLaubenfels, 1934; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Jamaica (Lehnert &van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989).ORDER HAPLOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002c).SUBORDER HAPLOSCLERINA TOPSENT, 1928For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002d).Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 11E Arenosclera Pulitzer-Finali, 1981Type species: Arenosclera heroni Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 (byoriginal designation).K Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 97; Torreset al., 2000: 1104; Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Torres et al.,2002: 886; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Batista et al., 2006: 142;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 75; Stankevicins et al., 2008a: 543;Stankevicins et al., 2008b: 1870; Floeter et al., 2009: 423.?Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.cf. Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429.Arenosclera sp., Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4627 (Fig. 10E).Paratypes UFRJPOR 3071, 3073, 4155, 4231, 4383, 4603,4628.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dosBúzios.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck et al., 2004[pharmacology]; Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]).Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiroor São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio deJaneiro state: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Muricy& Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 1999 [genetics]; Torres et al., 2000 [pharmacology];Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Torres et al., 2002[pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Stankevicins et al., 2008a [pharmacology]; Stankevicinset al., 2008b [pharmacology]; Floeter et al., 2009[biogeography]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5 m depth; Muricyet al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemicalecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Floeter etal., 2009 [biogeography]). Cabo Frio (Floeter et al., 2009[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a).Type species: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934).P Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a).Type species: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934).K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri (Ridley, 1881)Chalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881: 110.Haliclona coppingeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.Callyspongia coppingeri, Hechtel, 1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank(20º42’S–37º27’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Vitória Bank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain,20º42’S–37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [originaldescription]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a).K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57; deLaubenfels, 1949: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 31; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 172; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez etal., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,97

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68;Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 838; Diaz,2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 86.Callyspongia fallax forma fallax, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 92.Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax, van Soest, 1980: 47.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 84.Schizolectotypes USNM 31008, MNHN.D.NBE 1067,BMNH.1928.11.12.5, MHNG 22213 (cf. van Soest et al.,1983; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Curaçao, Bonaire,Bahamas (de Laubenfels, 1949; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989),U.S.A. (Florida), Puerto Rico (Vieques), Cuba, Panama,Colombia (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Schmahl,1990; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Venezuela (Alvarez etal., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia,“perhaps fallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará state. Weincluded this record in the list of unidentified records.K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli Hechtel, 1983Callyspongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983: 62.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8944 (Fig. 10F). ParatypesYPM 8945A-D.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(10-15 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel,1983 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment tentative, based onDesqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a).K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965Callyspongia pallida Hechtel, 1965: 36; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 92; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 89; Alcolado, 2002:68; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 73.Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, van Soest, 1980: 51; Zea,1987: 102.Callyspongia sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Callyspongia sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5038.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanovaet al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-7 m depth;Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993[pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SãoSebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Cuba (Alcolado,2002), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bahamas (van Soest, 1980).P Callyspongia (Cladochalina) Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a).Type species: Tuba armigera Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864(by subsequent designation; Burton, 1927).K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy,1886)Dasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 330.Pachychalina fibrosa, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 21.Callyspongia fibrosa, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 9; Hechtel,1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.266 (severalfragments), 1887.5.2.184.TYPE LOCALITY: Phillipines and Brazil: Bahia State: OffSalvador (see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (12-36 m depth, Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [originaldescription]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Ridley & Dendy, 1886,1887).REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the insidelabel (“off Bahia”) was different from the outside label(“off Bermuda, shallow water”), but also that there couldbe little doubt of the Brazilian origin of this species.(2) One of the the type localities (off Salvador) wasreferred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew(cf. Introduction). (3) Ridley & Dendy (1886) did notdesignate which of their two specimens was the holotype,so both localities of the original series are considered astype localities (ICZN article 76). It is unlikely, however,that such widely disjunct populations belong to the samebiological species. (4) New subgenus assignment basedon Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), vanSoest et al. (2011).K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (Ridley,1881)98

Taxonomic ListCladochalina armigera Schmidt var. pergamentacea Ridley,1881: 112.Chalina pergamentacea, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 27.Haliclona pergamentacea, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.Callyspongia armigera, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 8.Callyspongia pergamentacea, Burton, 1940: 100; Hechtel,1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Muricy &Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos e al., 2002: 395; López-Gappa& Landoni, 2005: 215; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.31a.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Hotspur Bank (17º32’S–35º46’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará) (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Abrolhos Archipelago(10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). HotspurBank (17º32’S–35º46’W, 64 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [originaldescription]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Burton, 1940; López-Gappa &Landoni, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality and depth of the collectionsite in Bahia was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), whostated only “Bahian Region”. It was obtained throughthe label of the specimen YPM 8971. (2) Ridley (1881)did not indicate type specimens for this species. Wedesignated here as the holotype the single originalspecimen, deposited at the BMNH. (3) New subgenusassignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a), van Soest et al. (2011).K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima Duchassaing& Michelotti, 1864Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 172; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Muricy etal., 2008: 87.Callyspongia (Spinosella) tenerrima, van Soest, 1980: 62.TYPE SPECIMENS: No extant type material (cf. van Soest et al.,1983).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, and PuertoRico: Vieques.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), PuertoRico (Vieques), U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Bahamas(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1980;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011).K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck,1814)Spongia vaginalis Lamarck, 1814: 436.Callyspongia vaginalis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 56; deLaubenfels, 1953: 523; Hechtel, 1965: 32; Hechtel, 1976:252; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 173; Kobluk & van Soest,1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Johnsson,2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 469; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701;Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricyet al., 2008: 88.Spinosella vaginalis forma vaginalis, Wiedenmayer, 1977:101.Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis, van Soest, 1980: 56; Zea,1987: 103.Spinosella vaginalis, Lehnert, 1993: 45.Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 843; Campos et al., 2005: 3.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (Lamarckcollection; cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977).TYPE LOCALITY: “American Seas”.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(California Reefs; Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). CearáState: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreiraet al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: OffTuriaçu (00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Camposet al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State:Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Bermuda,U.S. Virgin Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic,Puerto Rico, Belize, Panama, Colombia, Curaçao, Bonaire,Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965;Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al.,1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000;Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the record by Hechtel(1976) from Recife was not stated by the author; it wasinferred from the label of specimen YPM IZ 8996. (2)de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia, “perhapsfallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará State. We haveincluded this record in the list of unidentified records.99

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa (Pallas, 1766)Spongia villosa Pallas, 1766: 392.Dactylochalina villosa, Lendenfeld, 1887: 812.Callyspongia villosa, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Indian and Atlantic Oceans (“Mare Indicum etAmericanum”; Pallas, 1766).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, SouthAustralia (Pallas, 1766; Lendenfeld, 1887).REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based onDesqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest etal. (2011). (2) This species probably is a junior synonymof Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (R.W.M. vanSoest, pers. comm., 2011).P Callyspongia (Toxochalina) Ridley, 1884For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002a).Type species: Desmacidon folioides Bowerbank, 1875 (bysubsequent designation; Burton, 1934).K Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy &Ribeiro, 1999Toxochalina robusta sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 234;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Toxochalina robustaRidley, 1884: 403; Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 335; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 50).Toxochalina ?robusta sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro,1999: 94; Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 74.Callyspongia pseudotoxa, Mothes et al., 2003: 57; Mothes etal., 2006c: 98.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4271. Paratype UFRJPOR4152b.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (5 mdepth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricyet al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (30 m depth,Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al.,2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (4 m depth,Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Florianópolis (0.5 mdepth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Garopaba (4m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 10E Chalinula Schmidt, 1868For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Chalinula renieroides Schmidt, 1868 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Chalinula molitba (de Laubenfels, 1949)Haliclona molitba de Laubenfels, 1949: 9; de Laubenfels,1950a: 40; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 81;van Soest, 1980: 9; Rützler, 1986: 118; Alcolado, 2002:67.Reniera carmabi van Soest, 1980: 14.Haliclona pseudomolitba de Weerdt et al., 1991: 197; Rützleret al., 2000: 237.Chalinula molitba, de Weerdt, 2000: 55; Moraes et al., 2006:166; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.Acervochalina molitba, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;Santos et al., 2002b: 395.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.15.TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda: near Flatts.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: State not informed(from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States;Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010[ecology]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Caroliona, Georgia,Florida), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba,Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Belize, U.S. VirginIslands (St. Croix), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Santa Lucia(de Laubenfels, 1949, 1950; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Kobluk& van Soest, 1989; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002),Panama (Diaz, 2005). East Atlantic: Azores and CanaryIslands (de Weerdt, 2000).REMARKS: Santos et al. (2002b) reported this species fromPernambuco State. Although this is very likely, Hechtel(1976) did not state the precise locality of collection(“Recife and vicinities, (…) from Cabo de São Roqueto the Rio São Francisco”). Hechtel’s specimen was notfound in the YPM collection.100

Taxonomic ListK Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000: 61; Mothes et al., 2003: 51;Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Mothes et al., 2006c: 86.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 41829. Paratype ZMAPOR9420.TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: Islas del Rosario.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (14 m depth, Lerner et al.,2005b [description]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island,6.5 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix),Jamaica (de Weerdt, 2000).E Haliclona Grant, 1836For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766 (by originaldesignation).P Haliclona (Haliclona) Grant, 1836For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Haliclona oculata (Pallas, 1766) (by originaldesignation).K Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis Mothes & Lerner,1994Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1053.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt(2002).K Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994Haliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1479. Paratype MCN 1460.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt(2002).K Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris Mothes & Lerner,1994Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 54; Lerner,1996: 115; Mothes et al., 2003: 55; Mothes et al., 2006c: 95.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1482. Paratype MCN 1456.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]). Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner,1994 [original description]; Ilha da Galé, 12 m depth;Lerner, 1996 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt(2002).P Haliclona (Halichoclona) de Laubenfels, 1932For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Halichoclona gellindra de Laubenfels, 1932 (bymonotypy).K Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos, Mothes,Eckert & van Soest, 2005Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos et al., 2005: 5.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 4964. SchizoholotypeZMAPOR 17909.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off São Luís(00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: OffSão Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Camposet al., 2005 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.P Haliclona (Reniera) Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Reniera aquaeductus Schmidt, 1862 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1932).K Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris Alcolado, 1984Haliclona manglaris Alcolado, 1984: 4; de Weerdt et al., 1991:198; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro etal., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris, de Weerdt, 2000: 19.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO 403. Paratypes ZIN RANunregistered. Schizotype USNM 39225.TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Punta del Este (Isla de la Juventud).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski,2010 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida), Colombia,Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Venezuela(Alcolado, 1984; de Weerdt et al., 1991; de Weerdt, 2000;Rützler et al., 2000, 2009).K Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919)Reniera tubifera George & Wilson, 1919: 145; van Soest,101

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera1980: 15.Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965: 20; van Soest, 1980: 6;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 160; Zea, 1987: 65.Haliclona tubifera, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 200; Lerner, 1996:114; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 90; Alcolado, 2002: 67;Dresch et al., 2005: 17.Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, de Weerdt, 2000: 25.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM 23610 (cf. de Weerdt, 2000).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005[pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]).Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 10-13 m depth; Lerner, 1996[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina,Florida, Texas), Jamaica, Bonaire, Cuba, Curaçao, Belize,Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Barbuda,Antigua, St. Vincent, Venezuela, Colombia (George &Wilson, 1919; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; de Weerdt et al., 1991; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: The record of Haliclona tubifera from Bombinhas(Lerner, 1996) was considered as not cospecific withH. tubifera sensu stricto from the Caribbean and NWAtlantic by de Weerdt (2000: 25), who classified it asHalichoclona sp. The subsequent records by Dresch etal. (2005) and Silva et al. (2006) probably belong to thelatter species. All Brazilian records of this species shouldbe revised.P Haliclona (Rhizoniera) Griessinger, 1971For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Reniera rhizophora Vacelet, 1969 (bymonotypy).K Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980)Reniera curaçaoensis van Soest, 1980: 12.Haliclona curacaoensis, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 199; Alcolado,2002: 66; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, de Weerdt, 2000: 55.Haliclona curaçaoensis, Cedro et al., 2007: 236.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3662. Paratype ZMAPOR3672.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: Santa Martha Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao (van Soest, 1980), Belize (deWeerdt et al., 1991), U.S.A. (Florida, South Carolina),Grenadines (de Weerdt, 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).P Haliclona (Soestella) de Weerdt, 2000For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).Type species: Reniera mamillata Griessinger, 1971 (by originaldesignation).K Haliclona (Soestella) melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha, 1995: 77 (non Adociacarbonaria sensu Hechtel, 1965; Hechtel, 1969; Hechtel,1976 [= Neopetrosia carbonaria]).Haliclona melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 101; Custódio etal., 2002: 209; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos etal., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 72; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski,2010: 1087.Haliclona (Soestella) melana, de Weerdt, 2000: 35.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4269. Paratypes UFRJPOR3618, 3683, 4232, 4382, 4751.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007[ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). BahiaState: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (including Ponta dosCarneiros; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro,1999 [original description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião(Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [originaldescription]; de Weerdt, 2000 [description]; Custódioet al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactivekey]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: St. Lucia.Family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11E Amphimedon Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002b).Type species: Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 (by subsequent designation, de Laubenfels, 1936).K Amphimedon caribica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986)Cribrochalina caribica Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 170.Amphimedon caribica, Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert102

Taxonomic List& van Soest, 1998: 91; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161;Alcolado, 2002: 68; Campos et al., 2005: 6.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47709.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off La Parguera.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 31 m depth;Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís(01º33.81’S–43º15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al.,2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72m depth; 00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Camposet al., 2005 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico, DominicanRepublic, Jamaica (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002).remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off SãoLuís were deduced from those originally published(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviouslywrong.K Amphimedon complanata (Duchassaing, 1850)Spongia complanata Duchassaing, 1850: 26; Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864: 37.Spongia fusca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 38.Spongia manus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 39.Pachychalina variabilis Dendy, 1887: 504; Dendy, 1890: 353.Haliclona variabilis, Randall & Hartman, 1968: 219.Haliclona (Amphimedon) complanata Wiedenmayer, 1977:86.?Spongia crassiloba Lamarck, 1814: 374, redescribed asChalina crassiloba by Topsent, 1930: 21.Amphimedon complanata, van Soest, 1980: 31; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 168; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Alcolado, 2002:68; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Rützler et al., 2009:304.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 113.Schizolectotype BMNH 28.11.12.78. ParalectotypeZMAPOR 2095.TYPE LOCALITY: Netherlands Antilles: St. Martin.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: British Virgin Islands (Tortola), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), U.S. Virgin Islands (Saint Thomas),Saint Martin, Guadeloupe, Bahamas (Dendy, 1887, 1890;Randall & Hartman, 1968; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), New Providence (van Soest,1980) and Gulf of Mexico (Rützler et al., 2009).REMARKS: van Soest (1980) was reluctant to synonymize A.complanata with Lamarck´s Spongia crassiloba from theIndo-Pacific (New Holland, King Island). We agree thatthey probably represent distinct species and should becarefully compared.K Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 78;van Soest, 1980: 26; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 168; Zea, 1987:72; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91;Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002b: 876; Sarmento & Correia,2002: 221; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 469;Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:1087.Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 82.Amphimedon sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Santos et al.,2002b: 395.Amphimedon aff. compressa, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraeset al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008: 90.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 863 (Fig. 10G, H).Paralectotype Mus.Torino-Por. 35. SchizoparalectotypesBMNH 1928.11.12.42, USNM 31003, MNHN.D.NBE1956 (van Soest et al., 1983).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Correia& Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Ceará State: Fortaleza(Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreiraet al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer,1977), U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Mexico, Cuba, PuertoRico (van Soest, 1980; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002),Jamaica, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize(Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2008) erroneously stated that thisspecies was recorded from Maranhão State.K Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936)Haliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1936: 457; de Laubenfels,1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 19; Hechtel, 1969: 5; Hechtel,1976: 255; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174.Amphimedon erina, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Rützler etal., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22245 (Fig. 11A).TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Fort Randolph.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São103

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaSebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka,2001 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Panama (Atlantic Coast),Jamaica (de Laubenfels, 1936; Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969),Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: This species is very similar to A. viridis and may bea junior synonym of it.K Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81;van Soest, 1980: 29; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 167; Zea,1987: 76; Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187;Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Berlinck etal., 1996: 156; Chehade et al., 1997: 730; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 92; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Hajdu etal., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy &Ribeiro, 1999: 85; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado,2002: 68; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Santos et al., 2002b:395; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al., 2003:17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Berlinck et al., 2004: 513;Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415;Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz,2005: 469; Pinheiro et al., 2005: 272; Batista et al., 2006:142; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 76;Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Correia& Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1;Menezes et al., 2010: 467.Haliclona viridis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 47; de Laubenfels,1953: 519.Haliclona (Amphimedon) viridis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 84.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 40. SchizolectotypesUSNM 31007, MNHN.D.NBE 1060, BMNH1928.11.12.35-36.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology];Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). MarechalDeodoro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Bahia State: Salvador (including Itaparica Island;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State:Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago (2 m depth; Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (1 m depth; Muricy& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Santa Cruz (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999[description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis(1-5 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Ribeiro,1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5m depth; Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991[ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy& Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacioet al., 2010 [ecology]). Trindade (2 m depth; Muricy& Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999[genetics]; Praia do Sono, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004[genetics]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (3 m depth,Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Berlinck et al., 1996 [chemistry];3-5 m depth, Chehade et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Hajdu etal., 1999 [faunistics]; 0-10 m depth, Muricy & Ribeiro,1999 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology];Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Santos et al., 2004[interactive key]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Menezes et al.,2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Pinheiro et al., 2005[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Bermuda, Colombia, Cuba,Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama,Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina), U.S.Virgin Islands, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953;Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Zea, 1987; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado,2002; Diaz, 2005).E Gelliodes Ridley, 1884Type species: Axos fibulata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy).K Gelliodes ramosa Kieschnick, 1900Gelloides ramosa Kieschnick, 1900: 565 (misspelling).Gelliodes ramosa, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Niphates erecta sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 395 (non Niphateserecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864).TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (7-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];104

Taxonomic ListSantos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Kieschnick, 1900).REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazilwas not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grandedo Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through thelabels of specimens YPM 8964, 8978, 8987, 8995 and9018.E Niphates Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002b).Type species: Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864(by subsequent designation; Wiedenmayer, 1977).K Niphates alba van Soest, 1980Niphates alba van Soest, 1980: 40; Zea, 1987: 908; Alcolado,2002: 67; Mothes et al., 2006a : 670.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3942 (Fig. 11B).TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá(03°16’00”N–49°15’05”W, 73 m depth; Mothes et al.,2006a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Puerto Rico, Colombia (Zea,1987), Bonaire (van Soest, 1980), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).K Niphates amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977Niphates digitalis forma amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977: 99.Niphates amorpha, van Soest, 1980: 39; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:163; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216;Alcolado, 2002: 67; Santos et al., 2002b: 395.TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 30183-30185, 30331.TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic, Saba, PuertoRico, Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).K Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 93;Wiedenmayer, 1977: 96; van Soest, 1980: 35; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 161; Zea, 1987: 81; Kobluk & van Soest,1989: 1217; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237;Alcolado, 2002: 67; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine,2002b: 887; Campos et al., 2005: 8; Diaz, 2005: 469;Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669;Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricy et al., 2008: 92; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087 [non Niphates erecta sensu Santoset al., 2002b: 395 (= Gelliodes ramosa)].Niphates sp. sensu Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraeset al., 2003: 17 [non Niphates sp. sensu Moraes et al.,2006: 168].TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1633. ParalectotypeMus.Torino-Por 51. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31018,MNHN.D.NBE 1307.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(03°54’00”N–49°45’00”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al.,2006a [description]). Off the Mouth of Amazon River(02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al.,2006a [description]). Northeast Region: AlagoasState: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Maranhão State: Off SãoLuís (00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos etal., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W,72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Puerto Rico, DominicanRepublic, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, U.S. VirginIslands, Curaçao, Bonaire, Barbados (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest,1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002;Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).K Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161; Campos etal., 2005: 9.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 13578. ParatypeZMAPOR 13579.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: OffTuriaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al.,2005 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1999).E Pachychalina Schmidt, 1868Type species: Pachychalina rustica Schmidt, 1868 (bymonotypy).105

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaK Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro, Berlinck &Hajdu, 2005Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro et al., 2005: 274; Oliveiraet al., 2007: 538.Pachychalina sp., Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; Oliveira et al.,2004: 1685; Oliveira et al., 2006a: 2; Oliveira et al., 2006b:438.Amphimedon sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Prado et al., 2004:129.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 552 (Fig. 11C). ParatypesMNRJ 569, 1697, 1755, 1815, 2012, 2024, 3098, 3099.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck et al.,2004 [chemistry]). Southeast Region: State notinformed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al.,2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Niterói(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Oliveira et al., 2004[chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original description];Oliveira et al., 2006a, b [chemistry]; Oliveira et al., 2007[chemistry]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al.,2001 [pharmacology]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [originaldescription]). São Sebastião (Pinheiro et al., 2005[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Suborder Petrosina Boury-Esnault & vanBeveren, 1982For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002e).Family Petrosiidae van Soest, 1980For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6E Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002c).Type species: Haliclona longleyi de Laubenfels, 1932 (byoriginal designation).K Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814)Spongia carbonaria Lamarck, 1814: 375.Adocia carbonaria, Hechtel, 1965: 26; Hechtel, 1969: 9;Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha,1995 [=Haliclona (Soestella) melana]).Pellina carbonaria, van Soest, 1980: 83; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:159.Xestospongia carbonaria, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 93;Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Diaz, 2005: 470.Neopetrosia carbonaria, Rützler et al., 2009: 304.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 545.TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), U.S. Virgin Islands,Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,1998), Lesser Antilles (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,1986), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Panama (Diaz, 2005),Netherlands Antilles (Arndt, 1927), Gulf of Mexico(Rützler et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). PacificOcean (?) (de Laubenfels, 1954; Bergquist, 1965; cf. vanSoest, 1980).REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazilwas not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grandedo Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through thelabel of the specimen YPM 8960.K Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864)Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84.Neofibularia proxima, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 255.Xestospongia proxima, van Soest et al., 1983: 198; van Soest,1984: 143; Zea, 1987: 116; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988:132; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 77; Rützler et al., 2000:238; Diaz, 2005: 470.Densa araminta de Laubenfels, 1934: 14.Neopetrosia proxima, Mothes et al., 2006a: 670; Muricy et al.,2008: 97.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 74.Schizolectotypes USNM 31047, MNHN.D.NBE 1342,BMNH 1928.11.12.45.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: OffAmapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth;Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Off Calçoene(04º13’00”N–50º31’00”W, 76 m depth; Mothes et al.,2006a [description]). Northeast Region: MaranhãoState: Off Cururupu (00°51’44”S–44°21’24”W, 31 mdepth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís(01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al., 2005[description]). Off Turiaçu (00°22’N–44°52’W, 72 mdepth; 00°11’13”N–44°46’12”W, 93 m depth; 00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 85 m depth; 00°32’S–43°50’W, 72 m depth;00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005[description]). Off Tutóia (02°14’49”S–42°00’20”W, 72 mdepth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia,Jamaica, Barbados, Panama, Belize (van Soest et al.,1983; van Soest, 1984; Zea, 1987; van Soest & Stentoft,106

Taxonomic List1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996; Rützler et al., 2000;Diaz, 2005).remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off SãoLuís were deduced from those originally published(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviouslywrong.K Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)Spongia subtriangularis Duchassaing, 1850: 26.Xestospongia subtriangularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 113;van Soest, 1980: 71; Zea, 1987: 114; Lehnert, 1993: 46;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 238;Diaz, 2005: 470.Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Campos et al., 2005: 15.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype(?) BMNH 1928.11.12.47 (cf.Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest et al., 1983).TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth;Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu(00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A (Florida),Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz,2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), U.S. Virgin Islands,Curaçao, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Tortola, Puerto Rico(Vieques; van Soest, 1980), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer,1977).E Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002c).Type species: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy).P Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002c).Type species: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy).K Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980: 75; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:151; Zea, 1987: 119; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 48; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 93; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002:69; Campos et al., 2005: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes etal., 2006: 168.Petrosia sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Moraes et al., 2003:17.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3670 (Fig. 11D). ParatypeZMAPOR 4441.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Off São Luís (01º03’25”S–43º30’36”W, 184 m depth;Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: TrindadeIsland (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1980, 1981;Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Puerto Rico, DominicanRepublic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Colombia (Zea, 1987),Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz,2005), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Venezuela (Alvarez et al.,1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).E Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002c).Type species: Haliclona diprosopia de Laubenfels, 1930 (byoriginal designation).K Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983)Prianus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252.Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983: 64.Xestospongia grayi, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 23; Santos et al.,2002b: 396; Moraes et al., 2006: 169.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9008 (Fig. 11E).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description];25 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870)Schmidtia muta Schmidt, 1870: 44.Petrosia muta, Topsent, 1920: 8.Xestospongia muta, de Laubenfels, 1953: 519; Alcolado, 1976:4; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 115; Collette & Rützler, 1977:309; van Soest, 1980: 66; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 153; Zea,1987: 111; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:92; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 163; Rützler et al., 2000:238; Campos et al., 2005: 18; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et107

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaal., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2008: 98; Moraes, 2009: 362.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MCZ-IZ 6449-6551. SchizosyntypeBMNH 1870.5.3.152.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; 01º03’S–43º31’W, 64 mdepth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu(00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al.,2005 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba (Alcolado, 1976),Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Curaçao (van Soest,1980), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Puerto Rico,Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica(Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz,2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler etal., 2000).Family Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 8E Aka de Laubenfels, 1936For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002d).Type species: Aka insidiosa Johnson, 1899 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Aka coralliphaga (Rützler, 1971)Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971: 5; Zea, 1987: 94;Schmahl, 1990: 379.Aka coralliphaga, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 93; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164;Alcolado, 2002: 68; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Aka coralliophagon, Diaz, 2005: 469 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24095 (Fig. 11F).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados,Puerto Rico (Rützler, 1971; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998,1999; Alcolado, 2002), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005).E Oceanapia Norman, 1869For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine(2002d).Type species: Isodictya robusta Bowerbank, 1866 (bymonotypy).K Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)Inflatella bartschi de Laubenfels, 1934: 21; Collette & Rützler,1977: 309.Oceanapia bartschi, van Soest, 1980: 87; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 158; Zea, 1987: 128; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:94; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164; Alcolado, 2002: 68;Campos et al., 2005: 11; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al.,2008: 93.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22391 (Fig. 11G).TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Pará or Amapá): Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: Maranhão State: Off Barreirinhas(01°57’01”S–42°23’15”W, 70 m depth; Campos et al.,2005 [description]). Off São Luís (01°03’S–43º31’W,64 m depth; 01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth;Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu(00°27.03’N–45°34.85’W, 13 m depth; 00°22’N–44°52’W,72 m depth; 00°20’50”N–45°00’06”W, 82 m depth;00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al.,2005 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Jamaica (Lehnert& van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico,Panama, Colombia (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The holotype is much smaller and has thinnerfistules than most Brazilian specimens. There isconsiderable morphological variation in descriptionsof this species, which may be a complex of crypticspecies and should be investigated in more detail. (2)The coordinates of the second collection site off SãoLuís were deduced from those originally published(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviouslywrong. The same happened with the first collection siteoff Turiaçu (00º27’03”S–45º34’85”W). It is possible thatthe same mistake was made in all other collection sites inMaranhão State.108

Taxonomic ListK Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1873)Desmacidon fistulosa Bowerbank, 1873: 19.Rhizochalina fistulosa, Ridley, 1884: 420; Ridley & Dendy,1887: 32; Hechtel, 1976: 254.Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 332; Ridley& Dendy, 1887: 36; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10 [nonOceanapia robusta (Bowerbank, 1866: 304); cf. van Soest,1980: 85; de Weerdt, 1985: 75].Oceanapia atlantica sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 [non Oceanapiaatlantica Lévi, 1969: 967; taxonomic decision presentpaper].Oceanapia fistulosa, Burton, 1934: 546; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 9; van Soest, 1980: 85; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 159;Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 316; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 94; Alcolado, 2002: 68.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1877.5.21.1165a,1877.5.21.1353.TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Freemantle (SE Indian Ocean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic,Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002). W Australia,N Australia, Indian Ocean (Kenya; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993),Azores (cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887; Burton, 1934), TropicalWest Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) The Atlantic records of this species wereconsidered questionable by Burton (1934). (2) Ridley& Dendy (1887) reported that the inside labels of bothR. fistulosa and O. robusta (“off Bahia”) were differentfrom the outside labels (“off Bermuda, shallow water”),but also that there could be little doubt on the Brazilianorigin of the Challenger record (as O. robusta). (3) TheBrazilian specimens of Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley &Dendy, 1887 are deposited in BMNH 1887.5.2.244 (Fig.11H). (4) The collection site of O. robusta (off Salvador)was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challengercrew (cf. Introduction).K Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919)Phloeodictyon nodosum George & Wilson, 1919: 152.Pellina nodosa, van Soest, 1980: 80; Zea, 1987: 124.Oceanapia isodictyiformis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 (nonPhloeodictyon isodictyiformis Carter, 1882b: 122).Oceanapia nodosa, Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 94; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Ribeiro,1999: 103; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 68;Prado et al., 2004: 129; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;Diaz, 2005: 469; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 77; Marinho et al., 2010: 268.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 23611.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). MaranhãoState: Off Serrano do Maranhão (N.O.A.S. sta. 1749a,00º03’N–44º32’W, 63 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999[description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Statenot informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Pradoet al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dosBúzios (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy etal., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marinho et al.,2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State: Ihabela(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999[faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Curaçao, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Florida,North Carolina), Jamaica, Bermuda, Panama (van Soest,1980; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz,2005).K Oceanapia nodulosa (Hechtel, 1983)Adocia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252.Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983: 65.Oceanapia nodulosa sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 396(non Oceanapia nodulosa (Topsent, 1928) [seniorhomonym]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5705 (Fig. 12A).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870)Rhizochalina oleracea Schmidt, 1870: 35; Hechtel, 1976: 253.Oceanapia oleracea, Wilson, 1902: 395; van Soest, 1993: 212;Diaz, 2005: 469.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-026 (fragments;109

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaDesqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (18 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870),Panama (Diaz, 2005), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the labelsof specimens YPM 8951 and 8981.K Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870)Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870: 42; Wilson, 1902: 390;Alcolado, 1976: 4.Oceanapia peltata, van Soest, 1993: 212; Alcolado, 2002: 69;Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 96.TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimen identified bySchmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.122(fragments; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (French Reef).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmidt, 1870), Colombia,Cuba, Curaçao, Panama (Alcolado, 1976, 2002; Diaz,2005), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Cape Verde (vanSoest, 1993).K Oceanapia putridosa (Lamarck, 1815)Rhizochalina putridosa Lamarck, 1815: 168; Ridley & Dendy,1886: 332; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 33; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 10; Hechtel, 1976: 254.Oceanapia putridosa, Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994: 337.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 650.TYPE LOCALITY: W Australia: King George Sound, Albany.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Hooper & Wiedenmayer,1994).REMARKS: (1) This Australian species was recorded fromBrazil based on a few fragments of fistules, assigned tothis species with a question mark by Ridley & Dendy(1887). It is unlikely that this identification was correct;furthermore, the Brazilian specimens are effectivelyunrecognizable, since the sponge body was not collected.(2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record(off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).SUBORDER SPONGILLINA MANCONI &PRONZATO, 2002 (Freshwater sponges)Family Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 14E Acalle Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 (by originaldesignation).K Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863: 456.Acalle recurvata, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 32; Penney& Racek, 1968: 154; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 304; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:83; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986:502; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 25; Manconi &Pronzato, 2002: 990; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Roque etal., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 127;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007:624; Roque et al., 2010: 133.Tubella recurvata, Carter, 1881b: 98; Potts, 1887: 250; Weltner,1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 43; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 5.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.3 (fragment).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins,Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz AlvesLake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007[faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, AraguaiaRiver (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, VaralLake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, JuruáRiver (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro &de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]). Manaus, NegroRiver (Manaus harbor, Igarapé do Tarumã-Mirim, TupéLake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [originaldescription]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b[description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002110

Taxonomic List[description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da MataPond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State:Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond; Pond 2;Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Penney& Racek, 1968; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976),Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: In most studies in the XIX th century (e.g., Bowerbank,1863; Gray, 1867a; Weltner, 1895) and beginning of theXX th century, Parintins was called by its former name,Villa Nova.E Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Meyenia everetti Mills, 1884 (by originaldesignation).K Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Rosa-Barbosa & Machado, 2005Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005: 845.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2844. Paratypes MCN 2784,2793, 2799, 2802–2807, 2843, 2858, 4572, 4573.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambarádo Sul, Tigre Preto River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambará doSul, Tigre Preto River (Serra Geral National Park,29 o 04’48.77”S–49 o 59’18.65”W; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2005 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Corvomeyenia thumi (Traxler, 1895)Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1931a: 51.Corvomeyenia thumi, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 320; Sifeddineet al., 1994: 1647; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 155;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996: 186; Turcq et al., 1998:140; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005:847; Almeida et al., 2009: 127.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Porto Ferreira (cf.Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 – see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MatoGrosso do Sul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). NorthRegion: AMAZON BASIN: Pará State: Marabá(Serra dos Carajás, 6º30’S–49º30’W; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1992 [description]; Sifeddine et al., 1994 [spicules insediments]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996 [spicules insediments]; Turcq et al., 1998 [spicules in sediments]).Oriximiná (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005 [faunistics]). RoraimaState: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island,Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1998a [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2005 [faunistics]), Serrinha Creek (Volkmer-Ribeiro,1992 [description]). Northeast Region: EasternAtlantic Basin: Bahia State: Salvador, Parquedo Abaeté (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]).EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State:Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b[spicules in sediment]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Nísia Floresta(Seca Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules insediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, LençóisMaranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (daCoceira Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]).Southeast Region: Basin of São Francisco:Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al.,2009 [spongillites]). PARANÁ BASIN: São PauloState: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895 [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). PortoFerreira (São Geraldo Farm, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Traxler (1895) described Tubella thumi basedon fossil material from spongillites in São Paulo State,but gave no indication of the precise location or wherethe material was deposited. (2) Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992)redescribed the species (as Corvomeyenia thumi) basedon extant and fossil material and proposed Porto Ferreira(São Paulo State) as the type locality.E Drulia Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863: 457.Spongilla batesii Bowerbank, 1863: 459; Gray, 1867a: 552.Spongilla batesi, Austen, 1896: 779; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a:248; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332.Drulia brownii, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 39; Penney &Racek, 1968: 156; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1974: 286; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83;111

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaVolkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986:504; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989: 147; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 188; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000: 21; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 994; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batistaet al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral etal., 2008: 158.Drulia browni, Batista et al., 2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato,2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 128.Drulia batesi, Gray, 1867a: 552; Berroa-Belén, 1966a: 42 (inpart); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 289 (in part).Drulia batesii, Penney & Racek, 1968: 159; Volkmer-Ribeiro& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 286; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:89; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.Parmula brownii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gravier,1899: 127; Gee, 1931a: 34; Gee, 1932: 35; Schröder, 1932:161; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.Parmula browni, Weltner, 1895: 129; Arndt, 1930: 48.Parmula batesi, Weltner, 1895: 129; Cordero, 1923: 134;Cordero, 1924: 119; de Laubenfels, 1936: 37; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964a: 248.Parmula batesii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gee,1931a: 33; Gee, 1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 54; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961: 6.Parmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887: 258; Gee, 1932:35.Parmula rusbyi Potts, 1887: 259; Weltner, 1895: 129.Parmula brownii var. rusbyi, Gee, 1931a: 48; Gee, 1932: 35.Parmula geayi Gravier, 1899: 126; Gee, 1931a: 39; Gee, 1932:35; Penney, 1960: 55.Spongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915: 49; Gee, 1931a:38; Gee, 1932: 38; Penney, 1960: 18; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 6.Drulia brownii var. rusbyi, Penney, 1960: 40.Drulia brownii var. tuberculata, Penney, 1960: 40.Drulia rusbyi, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.Drulia geayi, Penney & Racek, 1968: 157; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.8 (by monotypy;cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Manaus, SolimõesRiver (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel doAraguaia, Araguaia River (Piratinga Lake; Batista etal., 2003 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, XingúRiver (Garapu Creek; Mothes de Moraes, 1983[description]). Barra do Garças, Liberdade and BentoGomes rivers (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]).Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Pond; Batista et al.,2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, AmazonasRiver (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray,1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts,1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee,1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney &Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002[description]). Locality not informed, Branco River(Arndt, 1930 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Negro River(Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Arndt, 1930 [description];Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes deMoraes, 1983 [description]). Localities not informed,Cuieiras River (Igarapé Amataura), Solimões River,Tarumã-Mirim River, Preto da Eva River, Uatumã River,Juruá River, Tefé-Ega River (Mothes de Moraes, 1983[description]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição doRaimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974[ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, JuruáRiver (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Manaus,Solimões River (Igapós of Marchantaria Island; Austen,1896 [faunistics]; Gravier, 1899 [faunistics]; Penney &Racek, 1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1995 [faunistics]). Manaus, Negro River (Arndt, 1930[description]; Tupé Lake, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,2005 [faunistics]). Pará State: Locality not informed,Tapajós River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description];Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee,1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney &Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Maués,Maués-Açú River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976[checklist]). Óbidos, Lago Grande (Santa Fé; Arndt,1930 [description]). Santarém, Arapiuns River (GurupiBridge, Mentai Creek; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]). Rondônia State: Locality notinformed, Guaporé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (daMata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins112

Taxonomic ListState: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond;Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Locality notinformed, Grande River (Lutz & Machado, 1915[description]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee,1932 [checklist – but see remarks]; Penney, 1960[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989[faunistics]). Locality not informed, Carinhanha River(Lutz & Machado, 1915 [description – see remarks];Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee, 1932 [checklist – butsee remarks]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). SouthRegion: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality notinformed, Paraná River (Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed (Gee, 1932[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007[conservation]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí andToropí (Pond in Santa Fé Farm, 29º48’30”S–54º36’30”W;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983 [description]; Amaral et al.,2008 [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1923, 1924; Bonetto& Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b,1968a; Mothes de Moraes, 1983; Ezcurra de Drago,1993, 1995, 2004), Bolivia (Weltner, 1895; Potts, 1887;Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960), Guyana (Carter, 1881b;Potts, 1887; Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Manconi & Pronzato,2005), Venezuela (Gravier, 1899; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney,1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Mothes de Moraes, 1983;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The syntypes of Spongilla batesi are depositedat ZMB-Por 7979 (Carsten Lüter, pers. comm., 2011).(2) Gee (1932) reported Spongilla franciscana from SãoFrancisco River, but it was actually collected in two of itstributaries (cf. Lutz & Machado, 1915). (3) The originaltype locality was “Amazon River”, but it was corrected toManaus in Solimões River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares(1995). (4) Lutz & Machado (1915), in the legend of theirplate 9, reported Spongilla franciscana from “Muquem,Rio Carinhanha”, but Muquém do São Francisco islocated in São Francisco River, not in Carinhanha River.We consider this record as being from Carinhanha River,since Muquém was not cited in their text.K Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 20;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 24;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (cf. Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Ordaz, Orinoco River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, CasiquiaréRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]).Pará State: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Santarém, TapajósRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]).Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1995 [faunistics]; Tucuruí H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Mothes de Moraes, 1983;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: The original type locality was “Orinoco River”, butit was restricted to Puerto Ordaz in Orinoco River byVolkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995).K Drulia cristata (Weltner, 1895)Parmula cristata Weltner, 1895: 143; Gee, 1931a: 36; Gee,1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 55; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.Drulia cristata, Penney & Racek, 1968: 158; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980:87; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983:22; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 504; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995:189; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista et al.,2003: 532; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 2117. SchizoholotypesMCN 0550 (slides), USNM 150/369 (slide).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River(cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, TapajósRiver (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee,1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney &Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes,1983 [description]). Presidente Figueiredo, UatumãRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]).113

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). Rondônia State: PortoVelho, Jamari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995[description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Marabá, Itacaiúnas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1995 [description]). Tocantins State:Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batistaet al., 2003 [description]). Northeast Region: SÃOFRANCISCO BASIN: Sergipe State: Canindé do SãoFrancisco, São Francisco River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1995 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: The type locality, originally defined simply as“Tapajós River”, was restricted to Santarém in TapajósRiver by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995).K Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes deMoraes, 1981Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes,1981: 117; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 26; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900;Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007:138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010: 118.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 91. Paratypes MCN 82, 179.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Negro River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Negro River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1981 [originaldescription]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]).Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Pará State:Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). TocantinsState: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics];Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010 [pathology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1968Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a:211; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 51; Ezcurra deDrago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b:181 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 190; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132;Batista et al., 2003: 532; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Almeida, 2005: 128; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900;Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista,2007: 138; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 345; Roqueet al., 2010: 133; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010: 118;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.Drulia brownii sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16 [in part;non Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863)].Drulia uruguaiensis, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991:178 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Entre Rios, Federación,Uruguay River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MatoGrosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (CristalinoRiver, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007[faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato GrossoState: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (MansoH.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]).PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, CorumbáRiver (Corumbá H.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro,2002 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: TrêsLagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá Reservoir, Fusari et al.,2008 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). NorthRegion: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus,Negro River (Manaus harbour, Tupé Lake; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Novo Airão, PratoLake (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]).Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]). Pará State:Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1993 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995[description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, VerdeRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]).Roraima State: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010[ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010[ecology]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009[ecology]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, AraguaiaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer-114

Taxonomic ListRibeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2008a [faunistics]; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010[pathology]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al.,2003 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Minas Gerais State: Cachoeira Dourada, ParanaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SãoPaulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay basins;Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra deDrago & Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurrade Drago, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1995), Suriname, Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).E Houssayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1966.K Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1966Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:130; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto& Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de Drago &Bonetto, 1969: 366; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1971: 54; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 86; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995:590; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 996; Ezcurra de Dragoet al., 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b: 244.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Iguazú Falls, Salto San Martin(Provincia de Misiones).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTHATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Aratiba,Uruguai River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,2008b [conservation]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro& de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Barra doRibeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Porto Alegre, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande doSul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]).São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro,1971 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi& Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). São Vicente doSul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1966, 1967b, 1968a, 1969; Ezcurra deDrago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995;Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Ezcurra de Drago et al.,2004).E Metania Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863.K Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 640; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 61, deposited at MNRJ 05(Fig. 12B). Paratypes MCN 47, 53, 59, 60, 62, 78, 362,BMNH 1978.12.12.10.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Aduja Creek, Itú River (tributary of NegroRiver).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Itú River(Aduja Creek, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).Locality not informed, Branquinho River (CachoeiraCreek; branch of Cuieiras River; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1979 [original description]). Rondônia State: PortoVelho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from“Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), ParáState”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located inAmazonas State.K Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992: 10; Volkmer-115

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaRibeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008b: 249.Metania spinata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984: 544 (in part);Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494 (in part) [non Metaniaspinata (Carter, 1881b)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 71, deposited in MNRJ (lost).Paratype MCN 228.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:Localities not informed, Amazonas River, Cuieras River(Cachoeira Creek), Branquinho River, Negro River(Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008b [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Metania reticulata (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863: 455.Metania reticulata, Gray, 1867a: 551; Penney, 1960: 46;Penney & Racek, 1968: 148; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:41; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 258; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1984: 542; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 988; Batistaet al., 2003: 532; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237;Batista et al., 2007: 626; Roque et al., 2010: 133.Tubella reticulata, Carter, 1881b: 97; Potts, 1887: 249; Weltner,1895: 129; Austen, 1896: 779; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932:43; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5.Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 132; Machado, 1947b:2 (in part).Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part).Metania sp., Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974:288.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH BK-1435 (Bowerbankcollection).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins,Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCAn-TINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). matogrosso State: Locality not informed, Tapirapés River(Machado, 1947a,b [description]). Cocalinho, AraguaiaRiver (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, VaralLake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Localities notinformed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]), Cuieras River,Garapú River, Itapirapés River, Itú River, Negro River(Austen, 1896 [description]), Tupana River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Carauari, Juruá River(Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Eirunepé, JuruáRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Manaus,Negro River (including Tupé Lake and Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Roqueet al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [originaldescription]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b[description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner,1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek,1968 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984[description]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]).Pará State: Santarém, Arapiuns River (Gurupi Bridge;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]).Santarém, Maró River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (daMata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). TocantinsState: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond,Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Lagoa da Confusão(Urubu River, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [description]).South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RioGrande do Sul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba,Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). PortoAlegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984, 1986;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato,2005).REMARKS: (1) The original description of Tubella mello-leitaoiwas actually based on an association of Trochospongillapennsylvanica and Metania reticulata (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983). (2) The city of Parintins wascalled “Villa Nova” by Bowerbank (1863) and most otherearlier authors.116

Taxonomic ListK Metania spinata (Carter, 1881)Tubella spinata Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 249; Traxler,1895: 240 (in part); Weltner, 1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 49;Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 59; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 5.Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (nonTubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) [= Corvomeyeniathumi]).Metania spinata, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 175; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984: 544 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494(in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 322; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Costa, 1992: 8; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149;Melão & Rocha, 1996a: 61; Melão & Rocha, 1996b: 68;Melão & Rocha, 1997: 2; Melão & Rocha, 1998: 2098;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Melão & Rocha,1999: 6; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Roque et al., 2004:292; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3238; Gorni & Alves,2008: 262; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009:127; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.1.9.101 (specimenlost; slide 45). Paralectotypes BMNH 1890.1.9.99,1890.1.9.100, 1890.1.9.247 (specimens not found; slides43, 44, 46; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: MatoGrosso State: Campo Novo do Parecís, do Sangue River(Garganta de Jararaca H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2010c [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: GoiásState: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Mato Grosso doSul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Taquarussu,Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W;Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]). NorthRegion: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Localitynot informed, Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [originaldescription]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Localities not informed,Branquinho River, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek),Negro River (Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984[description]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Presidente Figueiredo,Urubu Stream (km 121 Creek, 01º55’47”S–60º03’00”W;Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).Pará State: Óbidos, Amazonas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Costa, 1992 [description]). Roraima State: AltoAlegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]).Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000[spicules in sediment]). Northeast Region: WESTERNNORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: SantoAmaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do PicoPond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia,Lençóis Maranhenses (da Coceira Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição dasAlagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dosDatos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spiculesin sediment]). Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). SãoPaulo State: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895[spicules in sediment]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Brotas,Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa,1992 [description]; Melão & Rocha, 1996a [ecology];Melão & Rocha, 1996b [faunistics]; Melão & Rocha,1997 [ecology]; Melão & Rocha, 1998 [ecology]; Melão& Rocha, 1999 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology];Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Itirapina, DouradaPond (Gorni & Alves, 2008 [ecology]). Porto Ferreira(Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCOBASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida etal., 2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Paraná State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Suriname (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).K Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 641; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005:127.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 48, deposited at MNRJ 04(fragments). Paratypes MCN 48 (fragments; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Branquinho River (Tributary of Cueiras River– but see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, BranquinhoRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro117

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaRiver (Manaus harbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,2005 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from“Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), ParáState”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located inAmazonas State.Family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 10E Oncosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970Type species: Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b (by originaldesignation).K Oncosclera intermedia (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973)Stratospongilla intermedia Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973a: 25.Oncosclera intermedia, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, OrinocoRiver.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Manaus, Negro River (Manausharbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]).ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State:Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S.Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).K Oncosclera jewelli (Volkmer, 1963)Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b: 271.Spongilla (Stratospongilla) jewelli, Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1968: 43.Oncosclera jewelli, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 436; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1008; Volkmer-Ribeiro,2002: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al.,2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b: 233; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 121.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 01 (Fig. 12C). ParatypesMCN 01. Topotype BMNH 1978.12.12.12.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: SãoFrancisco de Paula, Tainhas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Paraná BASIN: ParanáState: Prudentópolis, dos Patos River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality notinformed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). São Franciscode Paula, Tainhas River (Volkmer, 1963b [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002[description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Oncosclera navicella (Carter, 1881)Spongilla navicella Carter, 1881b: 87; Potts, 1887: 195;Weltner, 1895: 119; Gee, 1931a: 44; Gee, 1932: 41; Penney,1960: 25; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Bonetto & Ezcurra,1962: 212; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 247; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1968a: 216; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970:45; Brien, 1970: 183.Spongilla (Stratospongilla) navicella, Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967b: 335; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b:430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra deDrago & Bonetto, 1969: 365.Oncosclera navicella, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 437; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 42; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; deRosa-Barbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Tavares& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 103; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000: 19; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Pinheiroet al., 2003: 3; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Batista et al., 2003:531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Roque et al., 2004:292; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Tavares etal., 2005: 338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1009;Marchese et al., 2005: 489; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al.,2007: 623; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2008a: 170; Fusari et al., 2009: 62; Roque et al., 2010: 133;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2010c: 343.Drulia uruguayensis sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 181 (inpart) (non Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1968a: 44).118

Taxonomic ListOncosclera navicela, Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Fusari et al., 2008:522 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Tavares &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins,Amazonas River (see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [description]). São Migueldo Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake,Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [description]). MatoGrosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (CompridoLake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Varal Lake;Batista et al., 2007 [description]). PARAGUAY RIVERBASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cáceres, Paraguai River(Marchese et al., 2005 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN:Mato Grosso do Sul State: Chapada dos Guimarães,Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Três Lagoas, ParanáRiver (near or in Jupiá Reservoir; Roque et al., 2004[ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics];Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZONBASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed,Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Locality not informed, TapajósRiver (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Manaus, NegroRiver (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé Lake; Roque etal., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005[faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins,Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original description –see remarks]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). ParáState: Santarém, Tapajós River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Rondônia State: PortoVelho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997[description]). Rurópolis, Tambor River (Fusari et al.,2009 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River(da Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]).Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Tavares &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). TocantinsState: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2008a [faunistics]), Taquari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River(da Queimada Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]).Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond; Batistaet al., 2003 [description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Sento Sé, SãoFrancisco River (Sem-Sem Lake, Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Southeast Region:PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari,Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State:Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description];Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁBASIN: Paraná State: Localities not informed,rivers Piquiri and Ivaí (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,2010 [faunistics]). Campina da Lagoa, Piquiri River(Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005[description]). Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná River (IguaçuFalls, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Guaíra, ParanáRiver (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c[faunistics]). Iretama, Formoso River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities notinformed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]; Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1984 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro,Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Nova Petrópolis,Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). PortoAlegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003[description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). PortoAlegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). Rio Grande, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: SantaMaria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962,1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968a,b,1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007),Uruguay (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997), Venezuela(Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005), DemocraticRepublic of the Congo (Central Africa; Brien, 1970).119

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaREMARKS: Carter (1881b) described Spongilla navicella basedon material associated to Bowerbank’s specimens ofMetania reticulata, which were collected in Parintins(known as Vila Nova at that time; cf. Bowerbank, 1863).K Oncosclera petricola (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967)Spongilla (Stratospongilla) petricola Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967b: 344; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969:365; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 53.Spongilla petricola, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.Oncosclera petricola, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984:133; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, UruguayRiver.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVERBASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães,Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). South Region:SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Candelária,Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: SãoFrancisco de Assis, Itú River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago &Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).K Oncosclera schubarti (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967)Spongilla (Euspongilla) schubarti Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967b: 339; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b:430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 353; Ezcurrade Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1970: 52.Spongilla schubarti, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76.Oncosclera schubarti, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 134; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002:125; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Ezcurra de Drago etal., 2007: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, Cuñá PirúStream.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: GoiásState: Corumbaíba, Libório Stream (Corumbá H.P.S.,17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002[description]). Ipameri, Santo Antônio Stream (Batista& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [description]). North Region:ARAguaia-tocantins BASIN: Tocantins State:Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2008a [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Arroio do Tigre,Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: RioGrande do Sul State: Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967b, 1968b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto,1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004; Ezcurra de Dragoet al., 2007).K Oncosclera spinifera (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973)Stratospongilla spinifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a:23.Oncosclera spinifera, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19;Batista et al., 2003: 531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 623; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, OrinocoRiver.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State:Cocalinho, Araguaia River and Cristalino River (Batista etal., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, AmazonasRiver (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a [original120

Taxonomic Listdescription]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). PresidenteFigueiredo, Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]). RondôniaState: Candeias do Jamari, Jamari River (SamuelH.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]).ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santarém,Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós River(Alter do Chão, Araroa Beach; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1993 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (TucuruíH.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). TocantinsState: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a[faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003[description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista etal., 2007 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Ezcurra deDrago, 2004), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).K Oncosclera tonollii (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1968)Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonollii Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1968b: 433.Spongilla tonollii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76.Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonolli, Ezcurra de Drago &Bonetto, 1969: 361.Oncosclera tonollii, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra deDrago, 2004: 201.Oncosclera tonolli, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1011;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Parolin, 2010: 123.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Salto Grande, Uruguay River(Provincia de Entre Rios).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). SouthRegion: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Campinada Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]). Santa Maria doOeste, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Uruguay Basin, Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto,1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra deDrago, 2004).E Potamophloios Brien, 1969Type species: Potamolepis stendelli Jaffé, 1916.K Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro, Parolin,Oliveira & Menezes, 2010Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 342;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 125.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7860. Paratypes MCN 3533,3534.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraná State: Guaíra, Paraná River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: ParanáState: Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Sterrastrolepis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978Type species: Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1978.K Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1978Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978: 104; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1979: 508; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1986: 501; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1011; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1007; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007:119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,2008: 235; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 124.Stratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978: 105.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype and paratype MNRJ 92. Schizotypes(fragments and slides) MCN unregistered, BMNH1978.12.12.3, 1978.12.12.4TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Goiás State: Paraúna, Turvo River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: PARANÁBASIN: Goiás State: Paraúna, Turvo River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description];Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008 [conservation]). SouthRegion: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Campinada Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]; Amaral et al.,2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008[conservation]). Carlópolis, Itararé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Parolin, 2005 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,121

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera2008 [conservation]). Santa Maria do Oeste, PiquiriRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis and Stratospongillabrasiliensis were described in the same year, but the nameSterrastrolepis brasiliensis has priority because it waspublished in June (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1978), while Stratospongilla brasiliensis was published inDecember (Ezcurra de Drago, 1978).E Uruguaya Carter, 1881bType species: Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863.K Uruguaya corallioides (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863: 460; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago &Bonetto, 1969: 365.Drulia coralloides, Gray, 1867a: 552 (misspelling).Uruguaya corallioides, Carter, 1881b: 100; Potts, 1887: 268;Hinde, 1888: 6; Weltner, 1895: 130; Cordero, 1923: 134;Cordero, 1924: 114; Cordero, 1928: 260; Gee, 1932: 44;Penney, 1960: 60; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 255; Berroa-Belén, 1966b: 39 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967b: 332; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 285; Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1968a: 216; Penney & Racek, 1968: 144; Kilian& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1979: 505; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 17; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002:1014; Pinheiro et al., 2003: 6; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007:624; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Fusari et al., 2008: 522;Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c: 247; Roqueet al., 2010: 133.Uruguaya coralloides, Gee, 1931a: 36 (misspelling).Uruguaya macandrewi Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part); Weltner,1895: 130 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (in part); Bonetto& Ezcurra, 1964a: 256 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967b: 332 (in part); Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287(in part); Penney & Racek, 1968: 145 (in part); Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83 (in part).Uruguaya macandrewsi, Gee, 1931a: 42 (in part); Penney,1960: 60 (in part).Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:356 (in part).Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356(in part); Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.Stratospongilla corallioides, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973a: 26.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.4.TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay: Salto Grande, Uruguay River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Migueldo Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007[faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do SulState: Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá; Fusari et al.,2008 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,2008c [conservation]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: State not informed(Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). AmazonasState: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Cordero,1928 [faunistics]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]). Locality not informed,Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]).Roraima State: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010[ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010[ecology]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: SãoPaulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003[description]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]).South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RioGrande do Sul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). GeneralCâmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). Viamão (Negra Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande doSul State: Aratiba, Uruguay River (Itá H.P.S.; Manconi& Pronzato, 2002 [description]). São Francisco deAssis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969 [description]).Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (Bowerbank, 1863 [originaldescription – see remarks]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Potts,1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [faunistics]; Cordero,1923 [faunistics]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Cordero,1928 [faunistics]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960[checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,2008c [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1928; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b,1968a, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurrade Drago, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1979, 2008c), Paraguay, Uruguay (Bowerbank, 1863;Carter, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895;Cordero, 1924, 1928; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960;Penney & Racek, 1968; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979, 2008c; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Manconi122

Taxonomic List& Pronzato, 2002), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi& Pronzato, 2002, 2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c).REMARKS: (1) According to Cordero (1924), Bowerbank(1863) misspelled Uruguay River as “Winguay River” anderroneously illustrated Salto Grande in Itapurá River, atributary of Amazonas River. This mistake was followedby several authors such as Potts (1887), Weltner (1895),and Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian (1976). (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species fromParaná River, although quoting Cordero (1928), whorecorded it from Amazonas and Uruguay rivers. (3) Theoriginal description of Uruguaya macandrewi was basedon an epibiosis of U. corallioides over Trochospongillarepens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979).Family Spongillidae Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 14 SPECIES: 28E Anheteromeyenia Schröder, 1927For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla argyrosperma Potts, 1880 (by subsequentdesignation; Penney & Racek, 1968).K Anheteromeyenia ornata (Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1970)Radiospongilla ornata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 39;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122.Anheteromeyenia ornata, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 34; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a: 236.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Misiones Province, Paranay Guazúcreek.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River(Antônia Creek; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). South Region:SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do SulState: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002[conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]).Candiota, Candiota stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a[conservation]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]).Santana da Boa Vista, Moinho Stream (de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1970; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981, 2008a;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,no specimens from the type series have been deposited ateither the INALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurrade Drago and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).E Corvoheteromeyenia Ezcurra de Drago, 1979bFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1966 (by monotypy).K Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1966)Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:137; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Ezcurra deDrago, 1974a: 237; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:81; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89.Corvoheteromeyenia australis Ezcurra de Drago, 1979b: 110;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002:931; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral etal., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008: 238.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna de Guadalupe(Paraná Basin).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTHATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Mostardas (dos Gateados pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro,dos Gateados pond, do Casamento Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí StatePark (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Amaral et al.,2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008[conservation]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaras pond;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1966; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a, 1993;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 2008).REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,no specimens have been deposited at either the INALI123

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaor the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago andAlejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).K Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra deDrago, 1974)Corvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a: 233;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89.Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 14; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 20;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007:119; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 158; Amaral etal., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008: 239;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009: 338.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHNM 22.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Northeast Region: State notinformed.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,2007 [conservation]). Northeast Region: Statenot informed (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]).EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grandedo Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: MaranhãoState: Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassoras Pond;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description];Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). Santo Amaro doMaranhão (Cajueiro Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1999 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]).Tutóia (Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Pontado Arpoador Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008[conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Ezcurra deDrago, 1974a, 2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Machado, 2009), Curaçao, Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007, 2008).E Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911Type species: Spongilla loricata Weltner, 1895 (by subsequentdesignation; Annandale, 1911).K Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1966Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:133; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto& Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago &Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970:52; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988: 111; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991:177; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Batista& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 177;Pinheiro et al., 2003: 9; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Ezcurrade Drago, 2004: 201; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Roque &Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Batista et al., 2007: 620;Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007:22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al.,2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque etal., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.Corvospongilla böhmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 38;de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981: 177 (non Spongilla böhmi Hilgendorf, 1883: 87;Weltner, 1895: 117; non Spongilla böhmii, Potts, 1887:205; non Corvospongilla bohmii, Gee, 1931a: 34; Penney,1960: 35; non Corvospongilla böhmii, Gee, 1932: 27;Penney & Racek, 1968: 56).Corvospongilla bohmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16.Corvospongilla boehmi sensu de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130.Corvospongilla boehmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:131.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype probably lost (Inés Ezcurra deDrago, pers. comm., 2011). Paratype MCN 23, 569(slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Corrientes, Paso de laPatria, confluence of Paraná and Paraguay rivers (ParanáBasin).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). SãoMiguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake,Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State:Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, CristalinoRiver, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,2007 [faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: MatoGrosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River(Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: GoiásState: Corumbaíba, Corumbá River (Corumbá H.P.S.,17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002[faunistics]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu,Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W;Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]). Três Lagoas,124

Taxonomic ListParaná River (near or in Jupiá Reserve; Roque et al., 2004[ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics];Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZONBASIN: Pará State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Santarém, TapajósRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]).ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santanado Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista etal., 2003 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (TucuruíH.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). TocantinsState: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a[faunistics]). Araguatins, Taquari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, AraguaiaRiver (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia,Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas GeraisState: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State:Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description];Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁBASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed, PiquiriRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Guaíra (São Francisco FalsoRiver, São Vicente River, Ocoí River; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, Paraná River (ItaipuH.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Localities not informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984[faunistics]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2002 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Barrado Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]). Belém Novo (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988[faunistics]). Eldorado do Sul, Jacuí River Delta (Tavareset al., 2003 [description]). General Câmara, Jacuí River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988[faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do JacuíState Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). PortoAlegre, Guaíba River (Flores Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1975 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981[ecology]). Porto Alegre, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988[faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão, Negra Pond (deRosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande doSul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraguay, Paraná andUruguay basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966,1967b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; de Rosa-Barbosa,1988; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra deDrago et al., 2007).REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the originaldescription, no specimens were deposited at either theINALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Dragoand Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). Accordingto de Rosa-Barbosa (1988: 111), however, slides of atleast one paratype are deposited at MCN.K Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988Corvospongilla novae terrae sensu Carvalho, 1969: 126 [nonCorvospongilla novae terrae (Potts, 1886)].Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988: 111;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158;Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a: 241.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 90. Paratypes MCN 83-87.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Sousa, RedondaPond.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]).Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTICBASIN: Paraíba State: Sousa, Redonda Pond (Carvalho,1969 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a[conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Dosilia Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla plumosa Carter, 1849 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Traxler, 1895: 240 (nonMeyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Potts, 1881; nonDosilia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Gee, 1931a).Dosilia palmeri sensu Gee, 1932: 28 (in part – from Brazilonly); Penney, 1960: 39 (in part – from Brazil only) [nonMeyenia palmeri Potts, 1885; non Dosilia palmeri sensu125

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPenney & Racek, 1968].Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 323; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 274; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 646;Candido et al., 2000: 79; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeidaet al., 2009: 127; Candido et al., 2010: 442; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype INPA 12. Paratypes MNRJunregistered (lost), MCN 1379, 1509, BMNH1989.9.25.6.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Roraima State: Alto Alegre,Uraricoera River (Maracá Island).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Gee, 1932[checklist]). Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: GoiásState: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Mato Grosso doSul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Taquarussu,Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, Parolin et al., 2008[spicules in sediments]). North Region: AMAZONBASIN: Roraima State: Alto Alegre, UraricoeraRiver (Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics];Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments]; Candidoet al., 2010 [description]). Normandia, CaracaranãLake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments];Candido et al., 2010 [description]). Northeast Region:EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State:Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b[spicules in sediments]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Nísia Floresta, Redonda Pond (Candido et al.,2010 [description]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTICBASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão,Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond, Lagoinha Pond;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Candido etal., 2010 [description]). Southeast Region: PARANÁBASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas(Boa Vista Farm, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). SãoPaulo State: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895[description]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]). Porto Ferreira(Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al.,2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Paraná State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Parolin, 2010 [spicules in sediments]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongia fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequentdesignation; Annandale, 1911).K Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895: 140; Gee, 1931a: 38;Gee, 1932: 28; Penney & Racek, 1968: 92; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979:28; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1988: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171;Pinheiro et al., 2004a: 1072; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005:3238; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a: 450; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 157; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c:150; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164.Meyenia facunda, Penney, 1960: 48.Ephydatia fecunda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7(misspelling).Ephydatia fluviatilis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967a: 469; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 [non Ephydatia fluviatilis(Linnaeus, 1759)].Ephydatia fluviatilis ramsayi sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a:168.Ephydatia ramsayi forma talaensis, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77.Ephydatia ramsayi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 118; Ezcurrade Drago, 1995: 590 [non Ephydatia ramsayi (Haswell,1882)].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 1773. SchizoholotypesMCN 458 (slide), USNM N.G. Gee collection 54288(slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localitynot informed.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTHATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Barra de SãoMiguel, Niquim River (Pinheiro et al., 2004a[description]). Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). SouthRegion: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895[original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; deRosa-Barbosa, 1979 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]). Bagé, small pond near road to FortSanta Tecla (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,126

Taxonomic List2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dosGateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c[faunistics]). Rio Grande (Jacaré Pond, Flores Pond,Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, Negreiros Stream, Banhado doPalmito, Taim Ecological Station; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). SantaVitória do Palmar (pond in Caçapava Farm, MangueiraPond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). SãoLourenço do Sul, dos Patos Lagoon (de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaraspond, Redondo pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).Viamão (Negra pond, Patos Lagoon; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1981 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a, 1993,1995; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a), Peru(Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a), Cuba (Manconi& Pronzato, 2005).E Eunapius Gray, 1867aType species: Spongilla carteri Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequentdesignation; Annandale, 1911).K Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851)Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851: 278; Potts, 1887: 197; Vejdovsky,1887: 172; Weltner, 1895: 118; Gee, 1931a: 38; Gee, 1931b:502; Gee, 1932: 37; Rioja, 1940: 175; Penney, 1960: 16;Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 246; Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967b: 332.Spongilla (Eunapius) fragilis, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967b: 332; Ezcurra de Drago, 1972: 116; Ezcurra deDrago, 1974b: 249.Eunapius fragilis, Penney & Racek, 1968: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975: 39; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129; Ezcurra de Drago,1993: 118; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1999: 4; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 172; Ezcurrade Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3236;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2007c: 150.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ANSP-PO unregistered.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVERBASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães,Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). SoutheastRegion: BASIN NOT INFORMED: São Paulo State:Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895 [checklist];Penney, 1960 [faunistics]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). South Region:SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Localities not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Farroupilha,Lake of Parque Santa Rita (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Osório, Quadros Pond(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul(Sangradouro, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [description]). Porto Alegre, JacuíRiver Delta (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). SãoFrancisco de Assis, Tainhas River (Tavares et al., 2003[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Italy, Germany, Austria,Hungary, Switzerland, Netherland, Poland, Russia,Canada, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Congo,Rhodesia, Australia (Vejdovsky, 1887; Weltner, 1895;Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968;Ezcurra de Drago, 1972); Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.(Florida, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Utah; Leidy, 1851;Potts, 1887; Gee, 1931a,b, 1932; Manconi & Pronzato,2005), Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra,1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993,1995, 2004), Chile (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974b; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Mexico (Rioja, 1940).REMARKS: (1) Leidy (1851) did not designate type specimensfor this species. We designate here the single originalspecimen deposited at ANSP as the holotype bymonotypy. (2) This is probably a complex of siblingspecies and should be revised.E Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista, Volkmer-Ribeiro &Melão, 2007?Heteromeyenia insignis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 252(non Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 127).Heteromeyenia stepanowii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:40; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 51; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:127

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago,1988: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Ezcurrade Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a:410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al.,2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004: 536; Tavares et al., 2005: 338 (nonHeteromeyenia stepanowii Dybowsky, 1884; Penney &Racek, 1968; non Heteromeyenia baileyi var. stepanowii,Penney, 1960).Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista et al., 2007: 614; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7056. Paratypes MCN6073, 7392-7398.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho,Cristalino River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz AlvesLake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, AraguaiaRiver (Brito Lake, Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão,Luiz Alves Lake, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,2007 [original description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). North Region:AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus, SolimõesRiver (Mancheteria Island, Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). RoraimaState: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Batista et al.,2007 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Batistaet al., 2007 [original description]). SÃO FRANCISCOBASIN: Bahia State: Casa Nova, São Francisco River(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). WESTERNNORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Penalva,Pindarí River (Formoso Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Southeast Region: SOUTHEASTATLANTIC BASIN: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraialdo Cabo (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RioGrande do Sul State: Localities not informed, CaíRiver (Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984[faunistics]), Gravataí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]),Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]),Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002[faunistics]). Cambará do Sul, Camisas River (Batistaet al., 2007 [original description]). Canoas, Caí River(Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).Canoas, Gravataí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description];de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007[original description]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Montenegro (Pondin Marrecas Farm, Bom Jardim Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batistaet al., 2007 [original description]). Nova Santa Rita, CaíRiver (Delta do Jacuí State Park; Tavares et al., 2003[description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al.,2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Batistaet al., 2007 [original description]). Porto Alegre, GravataíRiver (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre,Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). RioGrande, Guaíba River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Taim EcologicalStation (Jacaré Pond, Nicola Pond; Batista et al., 2007[original description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Soledade,Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavareset al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Triunfo, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream,Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Batista et al.,2007 [original description]). Triunfo, Jacuí River (Pondof Delapieve Farm, Passo Raso Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description];Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Viamão,Negra Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics];Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). URUGUAYBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Santa Maria, IbicuíMirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavareset al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí Mirimand Toropí (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavareset al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a, 1988, 1993,2004).REMARKS: Only the Brazilian records of Heteromeyeniastepanowii were transferred to H. cristalina; the otherSouth American records of H. stepanowii still needrevision (cf. Batista et al., 2007).128

Taxonomic ListK Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 142; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 7; Volkmer, 1963a: 275; Bonetto & Ezcurra,1964a: 252; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 88; Batista et al.,2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2008c: 242.Heteromeyenia baileyi var. insignis, Gee, 1931a: 40; Gee, 1932:33; Penney, 1960: 42.Heteromeyenia baileyi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 49 (in part);Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Ezcurra de Drago, 1988: 145;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:201 (non Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863: 451; nonHeteromeyenia baileyi sensu Gee, 1932: 32; Penney, 1960:41; Penney & Racek, 1968: 106).TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Blumenau.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTHATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambarádo Sul, Camisas River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Itati,Corneta Stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c[conservation]). Porto Alegre, Fundação Zoo-BotânicaLake (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, NicolaPond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]), Pond inCaçapava Farm (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). SantaVitória do Palmar, Pond in Caçapava Farm (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). São Francisco de Paula,Dom Pedro Stream (Volkmer, 1963a [description];Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a [description]; Ezcurra de Drago,1988 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). SãoFrancisco de Paula, Stream at Hampel Dam; Prof. GlichStream; Corneta Stream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).Torres, pond between dunes (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Triunfo, Bom JardimStream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Triunfo, CaíRiver (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Santa CatarinaState: Blumenau (Weltner, 1895 [original description];Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney,1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). URUGUAY BASIN:Santa Catarina State: Urubici, Pessegueiro River(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics – see remarks]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago,1979a, 1988, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981),Uruguay (Batista et al., 2007).REMARKS: Batista et al. (2007) reported the species from“Pessegueiro” in Pessegueiro River, Santa Catarina State,but there is no municipality with such name in the state.The collection site was reported by Volkmer-Ribeiro etal. (2008c), in the same river, as “Urubici”, which is avalid city name.E Heterorotula Penney & Racek, 1968Type species: Spongilla capewelli Bowerbank, 1863 (by originaldesignation).K Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 151;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Parolin et al., 2007:20; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2993. Paratypes MCN 2931,2932, 2936, 2937, 2959.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Minas Gerais State: Conceição dasAlagoas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MatoGrosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River(near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007[spicules in sediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules insediment]). Northeast Region: EaSTERN NORTHATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State: Locality not informed(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capãoda Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spiculesin sediment]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas (Sem NoitePond, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta,1995 [original description – spicules in sediment]).SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: JoãoPinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: This species has been found exclusively inspongillites (sediments composed mainly of siliceoussponge spicules).E Pottsiela Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira &Soares, 2010Type species: Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,1983.K Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira &Soares, 2010Spongilla spoliata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187(in part); Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part);129

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaVolkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Batista, 2007: 138; Batista et al., 2007: 610; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346 (non Spongilla spoliata sensuVolkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Manconi & Pronzato,2005: 3237 [=Pottsiela spoliata]).Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 55.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2923.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River(Alter do Chão).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás-Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel doAraguaia, Crixás Açu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b[original description]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho,Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:Manaus, Negro River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b[original description]). Presidente Figueiredo,Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2010b [original description]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Pará State: Altamira,Iriri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [originaldescription]). Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [originaldescription]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão, Arariá Beach;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). RondôniaState: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010b [original description]). Porto Velho, Verde River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). RoraimaState: Boa Vista, Cauamé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010b [original description]). Bonfim, Arraia Creek(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).Caracaraí, Bem Querer Waterfall (Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2010b [original description]). Caroebe, Jatapu H.P.S.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State:Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista,2007 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro,1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2010b).REMARKS: The original description of Spongilla spoliataincluded parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsielapesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b).K Pottsiela spoliata (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983)Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Tavares& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part); Manconi &Pronzato, 2005: 3237 (non Spongilla spoliata sensuVolkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Batista et al., 2007:610; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346 [= Pottsiela pesae]).Pottsiela spoliata, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 50.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 87 (Fig. 12D). SchizoholotypeMCN 37.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Cuieiras River (but see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN:Mato Grosso State: Localities not informed, riversSete de Setembro and Xingú (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010b [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [original description];Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).Manaus, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b[description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River(Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-UnaH.P.S.; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Rondônia State: PortoVelho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997[description]). Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010b [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:Pará State: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (Tavares& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Tucuruí,Tocantins River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro,1997; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The original description of Spongilla spoliataincluded parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsielapesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b). (2) Accordingto Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (2010b), the type locality isManaus (2 o 41’55.8”S–60 o 19’49.02”W), but we found noindication of this in the original publication.E Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998Acanthodiscus Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 (preocc. byAcanthodiscus Uligh, 1905 [Mollusca]). For furthersynonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).130

Taxonomic ListType species: Heteromeyenia ryderi Potts, 1882 (by originaldesignation of Acanthodiscus; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996).K Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro, Bichuette &Machado, 2010Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a: 55.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 8309.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Irecê, Jacaré River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCOBASIN: Bahia State: Irecê, Jacaré River (Brejões Caveat Morro do Chapéu; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Racekiela cavernicola is so far the only freshwatersponge species found inside caves in the NeotropicalRegion.K Racekiela sheilae (Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Rosa-Barbosa& Tavares, 1988)Anheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 85.Acanthodiscus sheilae, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 39.Racekiela sheilae, Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998: 125;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral et al., 2008:158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d: 246.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 89. Paratype MCN 1128.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Tavares,temporary pond.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTHATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Bagé(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [original description];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Machado, 2007 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro(flooded field between dunes; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d[conservation]). Mostardas, Capão Comprido (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al.,2008 [conservation]). Tapes (Butiazais, Charutão Pond,Redondo pond, pond C; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).Tavares, temporary pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1988 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007[description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d [conservation]). Viamão(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Radiospongilla Penney & Racek, 1968Type species: Spongilla sceptroides Haswell, 1882 (by originaldesignation; Penney & Racek, 1968).K Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro &Maciel, 1983Ephydatia crateriformis forma arndti Carvalho, 1942: 272.Meyenia crateriformis forma arndti Penney, 1960: 47.Ephydatia crateriformis sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7(non Ephydatia crateriformis Potts, 1882).Ephydatia crateriformis paranensis Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b:329; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77.Radiospongilla crateriformis, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b:180; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:201 [non Radiospongilla crateriformis (Potts, 1882); Bass& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,2009].Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983:256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 323; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1992: 94; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b:273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al.,2003: 172; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Batista et al., 2007: 621;Parolin et al., 2007: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b:158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Parolin et al.,2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Roque et al., 2010:133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 88 (Fig. 12E).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Mato Grosso State: Locality notinformed, Culuene River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN:Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, CulueneRiver (“Posto do Jacaré”, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,1983 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, AraguaiaRiver (Brito Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MatoGrosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (CompridoLake, Cristalino River, Lagoão; Batista et al., 2007[faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do SulState: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near ParanáRiver, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules insediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:131

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaLocality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre(Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia,Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules insediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da MataPond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State:Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Batista et al., 2003[faunistics]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTHATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990[faunistics]). Ceará State: Locality not informed(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capãoda Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spiculesin sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, LençóisMaranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (PedraHume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁBASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari, ParanaíbaRiver (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2010c [faunistics]). Conceição das Alagoas(Boa Vista Farm; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995[spicules in sediment]). São Paulo State: Localitynot informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]).Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [spicules insediment]). São Carlos, Jacaré-Guaçu River (Corbi etal., 2005 [ecology]). São Carlos, São Carlos EcologicalPark (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCOBASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (PreguiçaPond, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). SOUTHEASTATLANTIC BASIN: São Paulo State: Iguape, Ribeirado Iguape River (Carvalho, 1942 [description]; Penney,1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). SouthRegion: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Guaíra (riversChororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê, Pinto, São João, São FranciscoFalso, São Francisco Verdadeiro, São Vicente; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, ParanáRiver (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010[faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed, Delta do JacuíState Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]).Eldorado do Sul (Saco da Ponta do São Roque; Tavareset al., 2003 [description]). Montenegro (Pond nearBR-386 road; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dosGateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Saco do Quilombo, Sacodo Ferraz (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Quinzede Novembro, Jacuí-Mirim River (Passo Real H.P.S.Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).Tapes, Pond C (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b[faunistics]). Triunfo (pond of Delapieve Farm, CopesulPark of Environmental Protection; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1992 [faunistics]). Viamão, Negra Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964b; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname (Ezcurra deDrago, 1975b).REMARKS: In the present work we propose the inclusionof Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra deDrago (1975b) from Suriname in the synonyms ofRadiospongilla amazonensis.E Saturnospongilla Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976Type species: Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976.K Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976: 272;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000: 14; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 960; Batista et al.,2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista etal., 2007: 621.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 209, deposited in MNRJ 03.Paratypes MCN 101, 107, 204-207, 212-216.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Carauari, JuruáRiver (Conceição do Raimundo).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz AlvesLake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007[faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, AraguaiaRiver (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River; Batista et al.,2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceiçãodo Raimundo, 4º45’S–66º45’W, Volkmer-Ribeiro,1976 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981[checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]).Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 [originaldescription]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da MataPond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State:Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond; Batista et132

Taxonomic Listal., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River(Jacarés Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).E Spongilla Lamarck, 1816For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).Type species: Spongia lacustris Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequentdesignation; Annandale, 1911).K Spongilla alba Carter, 1849Spongilla alba Carter, 1849: 83; Carter, 1881b: 88; Potts,1887: 193; Weltner, 1895: 116; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932:36; Penney, 1960: 12; Penney & Racek, 1968: 16; Kilian& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76; Poirrier, 1976: 205;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,1990: 171; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005: 3236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007:160 (for further synonyms see Penney & Racek, 1968).Spongilla wagneri Potts, 1889: 6; Weltner, 1895: 120; Gee,1931a: 52; Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 31; Penney &Racek, 1968: 20.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1907.8.2.7.TYPE LOCALITY: India: Bombay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, AmazonasRiver (Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]). Northeast Region: EASTERNNORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió,Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,2007 [description]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:Alagoas State: Santana do Ipanema, Ipanema River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).Southeast Region: SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC BASIN:Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Weltner,1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960[checklist]). Campos dos Goytacazes, Feia Lagoon(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).Quissamã, Feia Lagoon (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Afghanistan, Australia,Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Madagascar, Iran,Phillippines, Thailand, Curaçao, El Salvador, Venezuela,U.S.A. (Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina) (Carter,1849, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1931a,1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Poirrier, 1976;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato,2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007).REMARKS: (1) The type specimens of Spongilla wagneri aredeposited at ANSP 4524 (lectotype) and 4554-4559(paralectotypes; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987).(2) This is probably a complex of sibling species andshould be revised.E Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1883Type species: Spongilla erinaceus Lieberkühn, 1856 (byoriginal designation; unavailable name, replaced byTrochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893).K Trochospongilla amazonica (Weltner, 1895)Uruguaya amazonica Weltner, 1895: 144; Annandale, 1913:80; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 60;Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976: 82.Uruguayella amazonica, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:356.Trochospongilla amazonica, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985: 82.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM (N.G. Gee slide collection150369; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality notinformed, Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, AmazonasRiver (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee,1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Bonetto& Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 [classification]; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: USNM N. G. Gee slide 150369 was elected lectotypeby Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1985), becauseWeltner´s original description missed indication oftype specimens.K Trochospongilla anonyma (Carter, 1881) (newcombination)Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b: 95, Potts, 1887: 228.Ephydatia anonyma, Weltner, 1895: 121.Tubella anonyma, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 58.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:Locality not informed, Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, AmazonasRiver (Carter, 1881b [original description]; Potts, 1887[description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]).133

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Genus transfer based on Manconi & Pronzato(2002). (2) The original description was based only ongemmules, without the sponge body (Carter, 1881b).Carter’s description indicates the need of transferto Trochospongilla due to the presence of minutegemmoscleres and birotulates. However, collectionof whole specimens is required for a more naturalclassification of this species.K Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1967Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c:159 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1972: 312; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974:289; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989:147; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Batista et al., 2003:530; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista et al., 2007: 620(non Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1975: 37 [=Trochospongilla paulula]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Setubal Pond.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel doAraguaia, Araguaia River (Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake;Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State:Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Lake; Batista et al.,2007 [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River(Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981[checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Tocantins State: Caseara, Araguaia River(Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: BahiaState: Barra, rivers Grande and Paramirim (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). South Region:SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).REMARKS: (1) Contrary to the statement in the originaldescription, no specimens have been deposited at theMACN, INALI or MLP collections (Alejandro Tablado,Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Cristina Damborenea,pers. comm., 2011). (2) The original description ofTrochospongilla delicata included parts of both T. delicataand T. minuta (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973).K Trochospongilla gregaria (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863: 452.Metania gregaria, Gray, 1867a: 551.Meyenia gregaria, Carter, 1881b: 91; Potts, 1887: 217; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6.Trochospongilla gregaria, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 39;Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 55; Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1972: 308; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976: 82; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Pauls, 2000: 16; Batista et al., 2003: 529; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005:126; Batista et al., 2007: 618.TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (2 slides, “probablytype”; cf. Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins,Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: Araguaia-TOCANTINSBASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batistaet al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, AraguaiaRiver (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batistaet al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho,Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão,Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Cocalinho,Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). NorthRegion: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari,Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake,Manaus harbour; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005[faunistics]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank,1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist];Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description];Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist];Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981[checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: ParáState: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da MataPond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State:Caseara, Araguaia River (Queimada Pond; Batista etal., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, UrubuRiver (Jacarés Pond, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003[faunistics]).134

Taxonomic ListWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).K Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra,1964Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b:333; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 311; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975: 36; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981: 180; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago,1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al.,2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 175; Ezcurra de Drago,2004: 201; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Batista et al., 2007:620; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007c: 150; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna Los Espejos andMadrejon Don Felipe.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Migueldo Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, BritoLake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato GrossoState: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake;Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]), Cristalino River (GoiabaLake, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceiçãodo Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santanado Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista etal., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Lagoa daConfusão, Urubu River (Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003[faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River(Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities notinformed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara,Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2007b [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Deltado Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]).Palmares do Sul, dos Gateados pond, do Casamentopond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre,Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Porto Alegre, Deltado Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description];Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, GravataíRiver (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Soledade,Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: SãoVicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,no type specimen has been deposited at the MACNcollection (Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).K Trochospongilla minuta (Potts, 1887)Meyenia minuta Potts, 1887: 218.Trochospongilla minuta, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 43;Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 57; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973:137; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177;de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987: 238; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 16;Tavares et al., 2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005:338; Batista et al., 2007: 620.Trochospongilla horrida sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1965: 95; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216;Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 43; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 81; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119 (nonTrochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893, 1895; Gee, 1931b,1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968).Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c:159 (in part).Trochospongilla tenuissima Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1970: 43; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 98; Ezcurra de Drago,1993: 119.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP slides II-18, II-19.Paralectotypes ANSP-PO 4530 (two specimens).TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia: Locality not informed, small branch ofBeni River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho,Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River;135

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBatista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, JuruáRiver (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). SouthRegion: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande doSul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara,Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology];de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).Montenegro, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al.,2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). SãoJerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).São Jerônimo, Caí River (Arroio Bom Jardim; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: SãoVicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago& Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973, 1976, 1981;Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago,1993, 2004), Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee,1931a; Penney, 1960; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976),Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &Pronzato, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The original description of Trochospongilladelicata included parts of both T. delicata and T. minuta(cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973).K Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863)Spongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863: 453.Metania paulata, Gray, 1867a: 551.Tubella paulula, Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 248; Weltner,1895: 128; Gee, 1931a: 45; Penney, 1960: 58; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961: 5; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962: 209; Bonetto &Ezcurra, 1964a: 249; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b:332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 55.Trochospongilla paulula, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney & Racek,1968: 139; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972:310; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973b: 13; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 288; Ezcurra de Drago,1975b: 179; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 35; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Peixinho, 1989: 147; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990:171; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 174;Batista et al., 2003: 529; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004: 536;Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005:338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista etal., 2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Pereira et al., 2010:105; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010c: 346.Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:37 (non Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1967c: 159 [= Trochospongilla delicata + T.minuta]; non Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 312; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984: 130 [= T. delicata]).TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (3 slides, “probablytype”; Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins,Amazonas River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Migueldo Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Pond, Brito Lake,Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MatoGrosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (CompridoLake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, MontariaLake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa,1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição doRaimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974[ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist];Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description];Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]).Manaus, Negro River (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, TupéLake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [originaldescription]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887[description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek,1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).136

Taxonomic ListPará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão,Praia Vermelha, Praia do Araroa; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, AraguaiaRiver (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, AraguaiaRiver (Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond,Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). NortheastRegion: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]). SÃOFRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Barra, rivers Grandeand Paramirim (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989[faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River(Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTICBASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities notinformed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]),Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, CaíRiver (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Porto Alegre,Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). PortoAlegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003[description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Pereira etal., 2010 [ecology]). Quinze de Novembro, Jacuí-MirimRiver (Passo Real H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2010c [faunistics]). Triunfo, Bom Jardim Stream(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]), Pond ofDelapieve Farm (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande doSul State: São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay Riverbasins; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1967c, 1970, 1973, 1974; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname,Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).K Trochospongilla pennsylvanica (Potts, 1882)Tubella pennsylvanica Potts, 1882: 14; Potts, 1884: 216;MacKay, 1885: 233; Potts, 1886: 228; Potts, 1887: 251;MacKay, 1889: 87; Kellicott, 1891: 104; Weltner, 1895: 128;Girod, 1899: 112; Annandale, 1908: 248; Annandale, 1909:102; Smith, 1921: 17; Smith, 1930: 184; Penney, 1931: 240;Jewell, 1939: 20; Wurtz, 1950: 6; Penney, 1960: 58.Tubella pennsylvanica var. minima, Potts, 1887: 252; Penney,1960: 59.Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Annandale, 1911: 118;Annandale, 1912: 384; Annandale, 1918: 213; Gee, 1926:184; Gee, 1931a: 46; Gee, 1932: 43; Old, 1932a: 132;Old, 1932b: 239; Old, 1932c: 442; Old, 1936: 11; Gee,1937: 285; Eshleman, 1950: 42; Moore, 1951: 63; Moore,1953: 25; Penney & Racek, 1968: 137; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Maciel, 1983: 257; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987:236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et al., 2007: 620.Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Gee, 1931a: 42.Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. minima, Gee, 1931a: 43;Gee, 1932: 43.Trochospongilla (Tubella) pennsylvanica, Gee, 1931b: 502.Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 134 (in part);Machado, 1947b: 2 (in part).Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP-PO 4540 (slide IV-4).Paralectotype ANSP-PO 4564 (slide IV-5).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Lehigh Gap, Lehigh River (PennsylvaniaState).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: MatoGrosso State: Locality not informed, Sete de SetembroRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description– see remarks]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, TapirapésRiver (Machado, 1947a,b [description]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983[description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista etal., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:Amazonas State: Locality not informed, CuieirasRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description]).Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Rondônia State: PortoVelho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Canada (MacKay, 1885, 1889; Potts, 1884,1886; Smith, 1930; Gee, 1931a; Penney & Racek, 1968),U.S.A. (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, NewJersey, Delaware, Michigan, Florida, Louisiana, etc.; e.g.,Potts, 1882, 1887; Kellicott, 1891; Weltner, 1895; Gee,1931a, 1932; Old, 1932a,b,c, 1936; Jewell, 1939; Eshleman,1950; Wurtz, 1950; Moore, 1951, 1953; Penney, 1960;Penney & Racek, 1968), Scotland (Annandale, 1908),India (Annandale, 1909, 1911, 1912).137

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaREMARKS: (1) The only material of the syntype series of T.pennsylvanica remaining in the Potts collections are twoslides from the type locality dated November, 1881. Potts(1887) reported the first specimens he found to be minuteand with a poorly developed skeleton. He probably usedentirely those specimens in the preparations of the twoslides (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987). (2) Theoriginal description of Tubella mello-leitaoi was based ona mixture of spicules from Trochospongilla pennsylvanicaand Metania reticulata (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,1983). (3) The holotype of Tubella mello-leitaoi isdeposited at MNRJ 06. (4) Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel(1983) reported this species from “Sete de SetembroRiver (Xingú Basin), Pará State, Brazil”, but Sete deSetembro River is located in Mato Grosso State (cf. www.ana.gov.br, accessed in August 7, 2011).K Trochospongilla repens (Hinde, 1888)Uruguaya repens Hinde, 1888: 2; Weltner, 1895: 130;Annandale, 1913: 80; Cordero, 1928: 259; Gee, 1931a:47; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 61; Bonetto & Ezcurra,1964a: 256; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332;Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287; Penney & Racek, 1968: 146;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969: 120; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82.Uruguaya pygmaea Hinde, 1888: 8; Weltner, 1895: 130;Cordero, 1928: 117; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 44;Penney, 1960: 60; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 289; Kilian &Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82.Uruguaya ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963: 23; Bonetto& Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurrade Drago, 1968a: 216; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976: 82.Trochospongilla leidyi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965:97; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra deDrago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993:119; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201 (non Trochospongillaleidii Bowerbank, 1863).Trochospongilla leidii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 (non Trochospongilla leidiiBowerbank, 1863).Trochospongilla repens, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984:131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985: 79;Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra deDrago, 1993: 119; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002:132; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Batista et al., 2007: 620;Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007:22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al.,2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque etal., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352;Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.Uruguaya macandrewi, Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part).Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:356 (in part).Uruguayella pygmaea, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago,2004: 201.Uruguayella ringueleti, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago,2004: 201.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1888.7.2.1 and 1919.10.147(dry; two fragments of the same specimen), 1920.8.25(16 slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay: Locality not informed, Uruguay River(but see remarks).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MatoGrosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Batista etal., 2007 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, CorumbáRiver (Corumbá H.P.S., 17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Ipameri (Batista &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso doSul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near ParanáRiver, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spiculesin sediment]). Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Fusari et al.,2008 [ecology]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: MatoGrosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River(Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Caseara, AraguaiaRiver (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia,Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Tucuruí,Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1985 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka,1991 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Araguatins,Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]).Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas GeraisState: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State:Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]).Pontal, Pardo River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). South Region: PARANÁBASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed, PiquiriRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).Foz do Iguaçu, Iguaçu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Guaíra, Paraná138

Taxonomic ListRiver (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).Guaíra, Chororó River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c[faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro, GuaíbaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985[description]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1985 [description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Santa Catarina State:Blumenau, Itajaí River (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee,1931a [checklist – but see remarks]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: RioGrande do Sul State: Jaguari, Jaguari River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Santa Maria, Ibicuí-MirimRiver (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). SãoFrancisco de Assis, Itú River (Itaqui; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1969 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,1985 [description]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (deRosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & deRosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay(Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895; Cordero, 1928; Gee, 1932;Penney, 1960; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963; Bonetto &Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a; Penney & Racek, 1968;Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro &de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).REMARKS: (1) Gee (1931a) erroneously translated Sta. Catarina(Santa Catarina State) for Station Catarina in UruguayRiver (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969). (2) The designation of“Cachoeira de Santa Cecília, Itú River, São Francisco deAssis, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil” as the type localityof Uruguaya repens by Volkmer-Ribeiro (1969) is notfollowed here, as it is neither necessary nor acompaniedby a neotype designation. As Hinde’s original specimensare still extant, the type locality should remain Uruguay.(3) The original description of Uruguaya macandrewiwas based on an epibiosis of U. corallioides overTrochospongilla repens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979).K Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra deDrago, 1973Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973b: 15; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 37; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 180; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,1983: 258; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro,1992: 323; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro& Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410;Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999:644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002:31; Tavares et al., 2003: 176; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;Batista et al., 2007: 620; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007:138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007c: 150; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009: 336; Volkmer-Ribeiro &Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia Misiones, ArroyoGuarapá.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho,Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Lagoão; Batista et al.,2007 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso doSul State: Taquarussu, near Paraná River (22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediments]).North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State:Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics]). Locality notinformed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980[ecology]). Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River(Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 2010c [faunistics]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre,Maracá Island (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology];Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia,Caracaranã Lake (3º51’N–59º49’W; Candido et al., 2000[spicules in sediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, AraguaiaRiver (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: WESTERN NORTH ATLANTICBASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão,Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses(Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição dasAlagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dosDatos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spiculesin sediments]). Santa Vitória, Degredo Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). São139

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPaulo State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,1999 [faunistics]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro,1992 [spicules in sediments]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Preguiça andAvião ponds, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). SouthRegion: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality notinformed (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,1981 [ecology]). Locality not informed, Delta do JacuíState Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]).Barra do Ribeiro, das Capivaras pond (Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007b [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí River(Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Palmares do Sul(Sangradouro, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento pond;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Pond atSantana hill (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). RioGrande, Caí River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1975 [faunistics]). Tapes (Butiazais; Volkmer-Ribeiroet al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c[faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1973b; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993,2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009).REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,no type specimens have been deposited at either theMACN or the INALI collections (Alejandro Tablado andInés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011).Spongillina incertae sedisTOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Acanthotylotra Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares &Oliveira, 2009Type species: Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,2009.K Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares &Oliveira, 2009Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 346.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2700. Paratypes MCN 3149(dry), 3146–3148 (slides), 3151, 8112 (on SEM stubs).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINSBASIN: Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.ORDER HOMOSCLEROPHORIDA DENDY, 1905For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).REMARKS: There is increasing evidence, especially frommolecular studies, that this group may represent a fourthclass of Porifera or even a separate phylum (Borchielliniet al., 2004; Dohrmann et al., 2008; Philippe et al., 2009;Sperling et al., 2009; Gazave et al., 2010; Pick et al., 2010).However, we recognize that this catalogue is not theappropriate place for such an important change in highertaxa classification, and therefore we preferred to stick tothe traditional classification until a formal propositionfor a change of taxonomic rank is put forward in theliterature.Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002); Gazave et al.(2010).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7E Plakina Schulze, 1880For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).Type species: Plakina monolopha Schulze, 1880 (by originaldesignation).K Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880: 427; Boury-Esnault, 1973:267; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Muricy et al., 1998: 182; Santoset al., 2002b: 388; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 204.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.D.NBE 1468 (Muricy et al.,1998).TYPE LOCALITY: NW Mediterranean: France (La Ciotat).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: This is a cosmopolitan complex of siblingspecies reported from the Mediterranean, NW Atlantic,Indo-Pacific, Antarctica (Muricy et al., 1998) andArgentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005).REMARKS: The Brazilian record is probably misidentified andneeds revision.E Plakinastrella Schulze, 1880For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).Type species: Plakinastrella copiosa Schulze, 1880 (bymonotypy).K Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy,2003Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 392;140

Taxonomic ListMoraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 36.Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 17;?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santos et al., 2002b: 388(non Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60 and allother authors).Plakortis sp. 1, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraes et al.,2003: 17.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2938. Paratypes BMNH2002.6.27.1 (fragment in MNRJ 2125), MNRJ 2135,2164, 3598, 4749, 4762, UFRJPOR 3893.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (18 m depth, Mothes& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998[ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes &Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas (1-6 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [originaldescription]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago(0.5-50 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [originaldescription]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: TrindadeIsland (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica? (Lehnert and vanSoest, 1998).K Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60; Zea, 1987: 227;Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 473; Mothes et al.,2006a: 673 (non Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes &Bastian, 1993: 17; ?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santoset al., 2002b: 388 [= Plakinastrella microspiculifera]).Dercitopsis onkodes, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 66.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4925 (cf. Mothes et al.,2006a).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: between St. Thomas andSt. John.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(81 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia,Panama, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Uliczka, 1929; Zea, 1987; Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler etal., 2000).E Plakortis Schulze, 1880For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).Type species: Plakortis simplex Schulze, 1880 (by originaldesignation).K Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879)Suberites angulospiculatus Carter, 1879b: 346 (in part; cf.Zea, 1987).Plakortis angulospiculatus, van Soest, 1981: 3; Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 121; Zea, 1987: 222; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Diaz & vanSoest, 1994: 103; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Alcolado,2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 387; Diaz, 2005: 473;Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 386; Epifanio et al., 2005: 1367;Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Kossuga et al., 2008: 337; Muricyet al., 2008: 38.Plakortis simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 266; Alcolado,1976: 7; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 16;Santos et al., 2002b: 387 (non Plakortis simplex Schulze,1880).Plakortis simplex complex (in part), Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 74.Roosa zyggompha, de Laubenfels, 1936: 178 (non Roosazyggompha de Laubenfels, 1934: 2, Plakortis zyggompha,Hechtel, 1965: 76; Diaz & van Soest, 1994: 104; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 74.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1850.5.8.35-37 (cf. Diaz &van Soest, 1994).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Kossuga et al., 2008 [chemistry]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (12 m depth,Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [description]; Epifanio et al.,2005 [chemistry]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Tamandaré (26 m depth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998[ecology]; Epifanio et al., 2005 [chemistry]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros(Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.), Cuba, Jamaica,Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas,Bonaire, Panama, Colombia, Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela(Carter, 1879b; Alcolado, 1976, 2002; van Soest, 1981;Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984; Zea, 1987; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Diaz & van Soest,1994; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005).K Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902)Petrosia halichondrioides Wilson, 1902: 389.Plakortis halichondrioides, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Diaz& van Soest, 1994: 104.Plakortis halichondroides, Diaz, 2005: 473 (misspelling).141

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 7663.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize,Colombia (Diaz & van Soest, 1994), Panama (Diaz,2005).K Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003Plakortis spp. 2 and 3, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215.Plakortis sp. 2, Moraes et al., 2003: 17.Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 389; Moraes etal., 2006: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2124. Paratypes BMNH2002.6.27.2 (fragment in MNRJ 2126), MNRJ 2138,2162, UFRJPOR 3917, 3924, 4798, 4803, 4774, 4776.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (10-12mdepth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Moraes &Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas (0.5-2.0 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes etal., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003Plakortis sp. 3, Moraes et al., 2003: 17.Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 390;Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 39.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2165 (Fig. 12F). ParatypesBMNH 2002.6.27.3 (fragment in MNRJ 2114), MNRJ2110, 2940b, 2170.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (2-6 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003[ecology]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.‘Order’ Lithistida Schmidt, 1870(polyphyletic)For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a).REMARKS: The Lithistida is widely recognized as a polyphyleticgroup (e.g., Pisera & Lévi, 2002a), but it is still used dueto the lack of a better classification (but see Gruber, 1993for an alternative scheme).Family Azoricidae Sollas, 1888For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Leiodermatium Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b).Type species: Leiodermatium lynceus Schmidt, 1870.K Leiodermatium pfeifferae (Carter, 1876)Azorica pfeifferae Carter, 1876: 466; Topsent, 1904: 63; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 253.Azorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Sollas, 1888: 319.Leiodermatium pfeifferae, Lendenfeld, 1903: 148; Alcolado,2002: 59.Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) pfeifferae, Hooper et al., 2000:148.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1891.5.4.5 (dry),1894.11.16.446-8 (3 slides).TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Ambon), China Sea, Bermuda,Portugal, Azores, Cape Verde, Cuba, Madeira (Carter,1876; Sollas, 1888; Lendenfeld, 1903; Topsent, 1904;Hooper et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: The collection site of Sollas (1888) record (offSalvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).Family Corallistidae Sollas, 1888For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2E Corallistes Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c).Type species: Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequentdesignation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c).K Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999: 126; Mothes etal., 2003: 70; Mothes et al., 2006c: 72.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3374. Paratype ZMAPOR13417.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (31 o 17’S–49 o 46’W).142

Taxonomic ListBRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (31 o 17’S–49 o 46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes& Silva, 1999 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870: 22; Sollas, 1888: 301; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest &Stentoft, 1988: 54; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Pisera & Lévi,2002c: 313; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 354.Coscinospongia typus, Lendenfeld, 1903: 136; Mothes deMoraes, 1978: 74.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MZUS–PO 172, 209. SchizosyntypeMNHN.LBIM.D.T 2187 (“slide from the type”; Pisera &Lévi, 2002c).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffJaparatinga (09°05’S–034°50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas,1888 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Pisera & Lévi, 2002c [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (31º02’S–49º37’W, 150 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1978).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Barbados, South Africa(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1888) cited the location of the collectionsite as 09°5’, which we interpreted as 09°05’ because heused 50’ in the longitude. (2) The Brazilian specimendescribed by Sollas (1888) may belong to a differentspecies as it bears larger oscules, 0.5–1 mm in diameter,whereas Caribbean material has oscules only 0.15–0.4mm in diameter (Pisera & Lévi, 2002c). (3) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) and Santos et al. (2002b) erroneouslyreported this species from Pernambuco State instead ofAlagoas.Family Desmanthidae Topsent, 1894bFor synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Desmanthus Topsent, 1894bFor synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d).Type species: Aciculites incrustans Topsent, 1889 (by subsequentdesignation; Topsent, 1894b).K Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000: 302;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 50.Desmanthus sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 167.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 341. Paratypes MNRJ 109, 114,119, 148, 151, 166. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR 13400.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (7 m depth; van Soest & Hajdu, 2000 [originaldescription]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, 1903For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3E Gastrophanella Schmidt, 1879For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).Type species: Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879 (bymonotypy).K Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000Gastrophanella sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319.Gastrophanella n. sp., Santos et al., 2002b: 391.Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000: 600;Moraes et al., 2006: 167.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4170. ParatypesUFRJPOR 3909, 4171-4773 (Fig. 12G), USNM 32871,32875.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];Muricy & Minervino, 2000 [original description];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Muricy & Minervino, 2000).K Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879: 29; Sollas, 1888: 349;Lendenfeld, 1903: 149; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 68 (inpart); Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 339.Gastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999: 129; Mothes etal., 2003: 69; Mothes et al., 2006c: 70.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6232. ShizoholotypeMNHN.D.T 2191 (slide deposited in MZUSunregistered).TYPE LOCALITY: Between U.S.A. (Florida) and Cuba (cf. Pisera143

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera& Lévi, 2002e).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 m depth;Mothes & Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A.: Florida (NW offDry Tortugas, 25 o 23’N–83 o 31’W, Schmidt, 1879; Sollas,1888; Lendenfeld, 1903). Caribbean: between U.S.A.(Florida State) and Cuba; Barbados, Antilles (MacIntyre& Rützler, 1983; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). SouthAfrica, Mexico (Pacific Coast; Pisera & Lévi, 2002e).E Siphonidium Schmidt, 1879For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).Type species: Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870 (byoriginal designation).K Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880: 87; Sollas, 1888: 328;Lendenfeld, 1903: 128; de Laubenfels, 1936: 176; deLaubenfels, 1950b: 168; van Soest, 1981: 4; Zea, 1987:220; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alcolado, 2002: 58;Diaz, 2005: 471; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non Discodermiadissoluta sensu Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55 [= Discodermiasp. undescribed]; cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1999).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-202 (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São PauloArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Schmidt, 1880), Bonaire (Kobluk& van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (vanSoest, 1981), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005).K Siphonidium ramosum (Schmidt, 1870)Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870: 21.Siphonidium ramosum, Schmidt, 1879: 28; Sollas, 1888:348; Topsent, 1892a: 52; Lendenfeld, 1903: 144; Topsent,1904b: 63; Vacelet, 1969: 165; van Soest, 1993: 212; vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988: 66; Mothes & Silva, 1999: 131;Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 342; Mothes et al., 2003: 70; Motheset al., 2006c: 71.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6321. Paratypes MCZ 6322,BMNH 1886.12.31.2–3, MZUS PO-162. SchizoparatypeMNHN.D.T 780 (fragment of MZUS PO-162) (cf. Pisera& Lévi, 2002e).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Mostardas (31°17’S–49°46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes& Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt,1870), Cuba (Schmidt, 1879), Antilles (Sollas, 1888);Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). Portugal, Azores(Topsent, 1892a, 1904b); Tropical West Africa (vanSoest, 1993). Mediterranean: Italy, France (Vacelet, 1969;Pisera & Lévi, 2002e).Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Discodermia du Bocage, 1870For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f).Type species: Dactylocalyx polydiscus Bowerbank, 1869b (bysubsequent designation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002f).ORDER POECILOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002d).Suborder LATRUNCULIna KELLY & SAMAAI,2002For synonyms see Kelly & Samaai (2002).Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).Type species: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (bymonotypy).P Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).Type species: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (bymonotypy).K Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes,Campos, Eckert & Lerner, 2008Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes et al.,2008: 61.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3695. Paratype MCN 3641.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Off Jaguaruna(29º11.169’S–47º54.167’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: OffJaguaruna (REVIZEE Sul, R.V. “Antares”, 29º11.169’S–47º54.167’W, 420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2008 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The coordinates of the type locality were deduced144

Taxonomic Listfrom those presented by Mothes et al. (2008), viz.,29º11’169”S–47º54’167”W, which are here interpretedas misprinted.Suborder Microcionina HAJDU, VAN SOEST& HOOPER, 1994Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922For synonyms see Hooper (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6E Acarnus Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Berg (1899b).Type species: Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a (bymonotypy).K Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a: 544; Carter, 1871: 273; deLaubenfels, 1936: 93; Alcolado, 1976: 5; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 145; Zea, 1987: 161; van Soest et al., 1991: 53;Alcolado, 2002: 65; Hooper, 2002b: 414; Moraes et al.,2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Acarnus carteri Ridley, 1884: 453.Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus, van Soest, 1984: 61.TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH Bowerbank collection 309.TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Lévi, 1963), “West Indies”(Ridley, 1884; Hooper, 2002b), Colombia (Zea, 1987),U.S.A. (Florida), Curaçao, Cuba (Alcolado, 1976, 2002;van Soest, 1984; van Soest et al., 1991), DominicanRepublic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Piúma(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849 o S–40.167 o W, 75 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state:Off Cabo de São Tomé (60 m depth; Muricy & Hajdu,2007a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba,Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984; van Soest etal., 1991; Hofman & Kielman, 1992; Alcolado, 2002),Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),Panama (Diaz, 2005).K Acarnus radovani (Boury-Esnault, 1973)Acanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 284; Hechtel,1976: 252.Acarnus radovani, van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Santos et al.,2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006:141.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis (Fig.12H).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro state: Off Macaé (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y1,22.319 o S–40.826 o W, 58.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al.,1991).REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. The holotype fixed by vanSoest et al. (1991) was the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection.K Acarnus nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra,1991Acarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965: 40; van Soest, 1984: 63;Hofman & Kielman, 1992 (non Acanthacarnus sourieiLévi, 1952 [= Acarnus souriei]).Acarnus nicoleae van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 85; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Diaz, 2005: 471;Muricy & Hajdu, 2007a: 40; Muricy et al., 2008: 67.Acarnus nicolae, Muricy et al., 2006: 141 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 8768. ParatypesZMAPOR 8758, 3327, 3677, 8763, 8548, 6460, 3830.TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: El Morro.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).K Acarnus souriei (Lévi, 1952)Acanthacarnus souriei Lévi, 1952: 54; Lévi, 1959: 132; Vacelet,1961: 42 (non Acanthacarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965:40; van Soest, 1984: 63 [= A. nicoleae]; Thomas, 1970,1973 [= A. bicladotylota]; cf. van Soest et al., 1991).Acanthacarnus levii Vacelet, 1960: 267.Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei, van Soest, 1984: 63.Acarnus souriei, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 121; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; van Soestet al., 1991: 65; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy & Silva,1999: 160.Acarnus ?souriei, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Hechtel, 1965).TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal (W Africa).145

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean-Atlantic (Corsica; Vacelet,1960, 1961). West Africa (Senegal: Lévi, 1952; Gulf ofGuinea: Lévi, 1959; van Soest et al., 1991). Curaçao,Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984), Bonaire (Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).Cape Verde (van Soest et al., 1991), Tropical West Africa(van Soest, 1993).K Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285; van Soest et al.,1991: 62.Acarnus toxeota, Hechtel, 1976: 253 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1037 (Fig.13A).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (18 o 09’S–38 o 30’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos (Calypso sta. 80, 18 o 09’S–38 o 30’W, 50 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C5-17R, 18.663 o S–37.870 o W, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al.,1991).REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. The holotype was designatedby van Soest et al. (1991) from the original seriesdeposited in the MNHN collection.E Cornulum Carter, 1876For synonyms see Hooper (2002b).Type species: Cornulum textile Carter, 1876 (by monotypy).K Cornulum tylotum (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (newcombination)Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976:252; Santos et al., 2002b: 392.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943 (Fig.13B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Porto deGalinhas (8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W,27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as theholotype by monotypy the single specimen depositedin the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based onHooper (2002b) and van Soest et al. (2011).Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8Subfamily Microcioninae Carter, 1875For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).E Clathria Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).Type species: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequentdesignation; Schmidt, 1864).P Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).Type species: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequentdesignation; Schmidt, 1864).K Clathria (Clathria) calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976:253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035 (Fig.13C).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Prado (CorumbauDistrict; 16 o 47’S–38 o 53’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Prado(Corumbau District; Calypso sta. 76, 16 o 47’S–38 o 53’W,27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype bymonotypy the single original specimen, deposited in theMNHN collection. (2) New subgenus assignment basedon Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).K Clathria (Clathria) prolifera (Ellis & Sollander, 1786)Spongia prolifera Ellis & Sollander, 1786: 189.Microciona prolifera, Johnson, 1971: 110; Green, 1977: 93;Santos et al., 1999: 57.Clathria (Clathria) prolifera, van Soest, 1984: 91.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Stone, 1986).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: New Jersey.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State:146

Taxonomic ListFortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (New England, North Carolina,Florida), Mexico (Ellis & Sollander, 1786; Green, 1977;van Soest, 1984).REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered this record from Brazilas doubtful.P Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).Type species: Microciona atrasanguinea Bowerbank, 1862b (bysubsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864).K Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934)Axociella calla de Laubenfels, 1934: 16.Clathria calla, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976: 253;van Soest, 1993: 212; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 45.Tenaciella obliqua sensu Alcolado, 1976: 5.Clathria (Microciona) calla, van Soest, 1984: 100; Zea, 1987:170; Hooper, 1996: 220; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87;Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Microciona calla, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 150.TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22333.TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off Vega Baja.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Curaçao, U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica(Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1984; Lehnert & van Soest,1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Colombia (Zea, 1987);Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered the Brazilian record ofC. calla by Boury-Esnault (1973) as doubtful due to itsramose habit and lack of the smaller category of toxa.The specimens from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago,however, are thinly encrusting.K Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996Hymeraphia affinis Topsent, 1889: 43.Clathria (Microciona) affinis sensu van Soest, 1984: 93 (nonMicrociona affinis Carter, 1880).Clathria affinis sensu Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216.Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996: 220.Clathria campecheae, Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 71.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 1841. ParatypeMNHN.LBIM.D.T 3584.TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico: Bank of Campeche.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Santoset al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Mexico (Bank ofCampeche; Topsent, 1889; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;Hooper, 1996).P Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).Type species: Spongia virgultosa Lamarck, 1814 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936 junior synonym ofSpongia juniperina).K Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault,1973)Rhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287.Rhaphidophlus basiarenarea, Hechtel, 1976: 252 (misspelling).Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenaria, Santos et al., 2002b: 392(misspelling).Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Moraes et al., 2006: 166.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972 (Fig.13D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Calypso sta. 14,Santo Antônio Bay, 6-10 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. The holotype was designatedby Hooper (1996) from the original series deposited inthe MNHN collection.K Clathria (Thalysias) minuta (van Soest, 1984)Rhaphidophlus minutus van Soest, 1984: 115; Muricy et al.,1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.Clathria minuta, van Soest, 1993: 212.Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215;Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4796.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.147

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).K Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884)Rhaphidophlus procerus Ridley, 1884: 451.Echinonema gracilis Ridley, 1884: 617.Rhaphidophlus gracilis, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 152; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11.Clathria procera, Hechtel, 1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.313.TYPE LOCALITY: N Australia: Port Darwin.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Australia, Seychelles, Indonesia,Red Sea (Ridley, 1884).REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887)record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” bythe H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) Newsubgenus assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002a),van Soest et al. (2011).E Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).Type species: Wilsonella australiensis Carter, 1885d (bymonotypy).K Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (newcombination)Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976:253.Phoriospongia nigra, Santos et al., 2002b: 393.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983 (Fig.13E, F).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designatetype specimens for this species. We designated here assyntypes the only two original specimens deposited inthe MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer and subgenusassignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest etal. (2011).Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 7Subfamily Cyamoninae Hooper, 2002dE Cyamon Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Hooper (2002d).Type species: Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1866 (bymonotypy).K Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864)Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864: 267.Cyamon vickersii, Dendy, 1922: 108; de Laubenfels, 1950a:68; Alcolado, 2002: 64; Hooper, 2002d: 498.Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 255.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1887.TYPE LOCALITY: ?Caribbean (“West Indies”).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Off Marataízes (Calypso sta. 97, 21 o 10’S–40 o 42’W, 12 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: “West Indies” (Bowerbank, 1864;Hooper, 2002d). Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exactlocation of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos andSouth”), he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) whorecorded it from off Marataízes.Subfamily Echinodictinae Hooper, 2002dE Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).Type species: Spongia bilamellata, var. ß, Lamarck, 1816 (inpart) (by original designation), junior synonym ofSpongia mesenterina Lamarck, 1814 (cf. Topsent, 1932).K Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983Echinodictyum sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b:392.Pandaros sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 68 (taxonomic decisionpresent paper).Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983: 68; Santos et al.,2002b: 392; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Cedro et al., 2007:234.148

Taxonomic ListTYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8946 (Fig. 13G). ParatypeYPM 8962.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Paulista.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Ceará State:Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Paulista(intertidal, Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho(Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Subfamily Raspailiinae Hooper, 2002dE Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1930Type species: Spongia tabula Lamarck, 1814 (by originaldesignation).K Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Amphimedon ferox Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81.Ectyoplasia ferox surgens Wiedenmayer, 1977: 158.Ectyoplasia ferox, van Soest, 1981: 9; Zea, 1987: 202; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl,1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87; Muricy &Moraes, 1998: 215; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützleret al., 2000: 236; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al.,2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 124; Diaz, 2005: 470;Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricyet al., 2008: 79.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 38.Schizolectotypes USNM 31004, MNHN.D.NBE 1059,BMNH 1928.11.12.39.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State:Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park,20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha (Muricy& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999[genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica,Dominican Republic, Panama (Diaz, 2005), Colombia,Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao (Wiedenmayer, 1977; Zea,1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990;Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize(Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: All Brazilian specimens studied so far lack thetypical clavulate acanthostyles and therefore belong tothe variety surgens sensu Wiedenmayer (1977).E Raspailia Nardo, 1847For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).Type species: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy).P Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).Type species: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy).K Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 482; Ridley & Dendy,1887: 188; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11.Basiectyon tenuis, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Raspailia cf. tenuis, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 113.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24 (Fig. 13H).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [originaldescription]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referredto as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction). (2) New subgenus assignment based onHooper (2002d).P Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).Type species: Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b (bymonotypy).K Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner, Carraro& van Soest, 2006Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel, 1976:255.Raspailia elegans, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Silva et al., 2006:137 (non Raspailia elegans Lendenfeld, 1887 [seniorhomonym]).Raspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner et al., 2006: 39.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032 (Fig.14A; slide in ZMAPOR 17585). Paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1039 (Fig. 14B).149

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Camposdos Goytacazes (22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 100, 22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [originaldescription]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). Off Ubatuba(Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23 o 26’S–44 o 48’W, 36m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Coral Island (Lerner et al., 2006[description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. Lerner et al. (2006) designatedas holotype the specimen illustrated in Boury-Esnault(1973: 292). However, there are actually two specimensdeposited in the MNHN collection; therefore, we retainthe specimen selected by Lerner et al. (2006) as lectotypeand fix the other one as paralectotype (ICZN article 74).(2) Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exactlocation of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos and South”),he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) who recorded itfrom off Campos dos Goytacazes and off Ubatuba.K Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina Topsent, 1913Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b: 617; Hooper, 2002d:475; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207.Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 1614 (cf. Hooper,2002d).TYPE LOCALITY: Off Argentina: Burdwood Bank (54 o 25’S–57 o 32’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S–45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 mdepth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni,2005), off Argentina (South of Falkland Islands; Topsent,1913b; Hooper, 2002d).Subfamily Thrinacophorinae Hooper, 2002dE Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885Type species: Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy,1886 (by monotypy).K Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley& Dendy, 1887: 195; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13; Hechtel,1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Hooper, 2002d:494; Maas-Vargas, 2004: 14; Swain & Wulff, 2007: 699.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.27 (two specimens;Fig. 14C).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Swain & Wulff,2007 [ecology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description];Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hooper,2002d [description]). Pernambuco State: Paulista(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Caribbean coast (Maas-Vargas,2004).REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the outsidelabel (“off Bermuda”) was different from the inside label(“off Bahia”), but also that there can be little doubt thatBahia is the correct locality. (2) The type locality (offSalvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (3) Hechtel (1976)did not state the precise locality of his record fromPernambuco State (off Paulista – Maria Farinha Beach);it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8948.(4) Swain & Wulff (2007) did not state the precise localityof their record from off the mouth of the Amazon River;it was inferred from the label of the specimen USNM1084839.Family Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3E Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890For synonyms see Hooper (2002e).Type species: Microciona pusilla Carter, 1876 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy, 1905) (junior synonym of Microcionaminutula Carter, 1880; cf. van Soest & Hooper, 1993).K Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part).Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 6; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3184.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá(25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo150

Taxonomic ListState: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686,25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu etal., 2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [originaldescription – but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported thedepth of station 6686 as 153 m.K Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 7; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3177.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Off Itajaí(27°28.700’S–047°09.660’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: OffItajaí (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6786, 27°28.70’S–047°09.66’W,380 m depth; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [originaldescription]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper,1993Rhabderemia coralloides sensu Burton, 1940: 116 (nonRhabderemia coralloides Dendy, 1924).Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper, 1993: 329;Mothes et al., 2003: 68; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Motheset al., 2004c: 185; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207;Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 3; Mothes et al., 2006c: 68; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007: 355.Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part).Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) uruguaiensis, Hajdu &Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 2008: 380.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MACN 15953. SchizoholotypeBMNH 1933.6.10.11a.TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay (off Maldonado, 35°08’S–52°35’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686,25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu et al.,2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [description– but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25°11.005’S–044°56.6’W, 167 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off RioGrande (520 m depth; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c[diagnosis]). Off Tavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 26,31°16’S–49°45’W, 133 m depth; sta. 23, 31°20’S–49°41’W,296 m depth; sta. 25, 31°17’S–49°42’W, 145 m depth;Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Uruguay (van Soest & Hooper, 1993;López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 2008).REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported thedepth of Station 6686 as being 153 m.SUBORDER MYCALINA HAJDU, VAN SOEST &HOOPER, 1994Family Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5E Biemna Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).Type species: Desmacidon peachi Bowerbank, 1866 (by originaldesignation; junior synonym of Halichondria variantiaBowerbank, 1861).K Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner& van Soest, 2004Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes et al., 2004a: 480.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1898. Paratype MCN 1901.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Amapá(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 mdepth, Mothes et al., 2004a [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes, Campos, Lerner,Carraro & van Soest, 2005Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes et al., 2005: 41.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1887.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W, 81 mdepth; Mothes et al., 2005 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004: 4.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1897.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Amapá(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 mdepth; Mothes & Campos, 2004 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Desmacella Schmidt, 1870151

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFor synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).Type species: Desmacella pumilio Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequentdesignation; Dendy, 1922; invalid subsequent designationof D. annexa by Topsent, 1925; cf. Hajdu & van Soest,2002).K Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870: 53; Ridley & Dendy, 1887:59; Topsent, 1892a: 84; Topsent, 1896c: 281; Ferrer-Hernández, 1914: 34; Burton, 1959: 228; Sarà & Siribelli,1962: 38; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 116; van Soest, 1993:212; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.Desmacella vagabundus var. annexa, Schmidt, 1875: 117.Desmacodes vagabundus var. annexa, Vosmaer, 1880: 15.Biemna chevreuxi Topsent, 1890: 32; Burton, 1930: 518.Desmacella pumilio Carter, 1874: 250; Burton, 1930: 521; deLaubenfels, 1936: 114.Tylodesma annexa, Hallmann, 1916: 518; Stephens, 1921: 13;Burton, 1930: 521.Biemna annexa, Lundbeck, 1902: 85; Babiç, 1921: 81; Burton,1928a: 120.Sigmatoxella annexa, de Laubenfels, 1936: 121; Vacelet, 1960:265; Lévi, 1964: 71; Vacelet, 1969: 190; Hooper, 1996: 53.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1870.5.3.29.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S–45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 mdepth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt, 1870;Schmidt, 1875; Vosmaer, 1880; de Laubenfels, 1936),Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), off St. Thomas(U.S. Virgin Islands; Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Cape Verde(van Soest, 1993). Northeast Atlantic: Azores, Iceland(Lundbeck, 1902), Spain (Topsent, 1890; Topsent, 1892a;Ferrer-Hernández, 1914), France, Norway (Burton,1930; Topsent, 1896c), English Channel (Carter, 1874),Adriatic (Babiç, 1921); Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà& Siribelli, 1962), Monaco, France (Stephens, 1921;Vacelet, 1960, 1969); Indian Ocean (Oman, India, EastAfrica; Burton, 1928a; Burton, 1959); Philippines (Lévi,1964).E Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).Type species: Sigmaxinella australiana Dendy, 1897 (bysubsequent designation; Hallmann, 1916).K Sigmaxinella cearense Salani, Lotufo & Hajdu, 2006Sigmaxinella cearense Salani et al., 2006: 45; Muricy et al.,2008: 74.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8687 (Fig. 14D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza (ca.03°34.399’S–038°22.840’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: OffFortaleza (23 m depth; Salani et al., 2006 [originaldescription]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Esperiopsis Carter, 1882For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).Type species: Esperiopsis villosa Carter, 1882a (by originaldesignation).K Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004Esperiopsis sp., Hajdu et al., 2004: 50.Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004: 25; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007: 354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2848.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá(25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6679,25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W, 808 m depth; Hajdu etal., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [originaldescription]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Ulosa de Laubenfels, 1936For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).Type species: Spongia angulosa Lamarck, 1814 (by originaldesignation).K Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner &van Soest, 2004Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes et al., 2004a: 479.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1842.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off Araioses(02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: OffAraioses (02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W, 56 m depth, Motheset al., 2004a [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.152

Taxonomic ListFamily Guitarridae Dendy, 1924For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Guitarra Carter, 1874For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002).Type species: Guitarra fimbriata Carter, 1874a (bymonotypy).K Guitarra sepia Lerner, Hajdu, Custódio & van Soest,2004Guitarra sepia Mothes et al., 2003: 47 [nomem nudum];Lerner et al., 2004: 407; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 80; Silva etal., 2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2010: 268.Guitarridae sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3582. Paratypes MCN 3177,3413, 3571, 3592, 3898, 3904, 3973, 4002, 1717, 2220,2229, 2398, 3346, 3649, 3193, 3967, 3968. Schizotypesdeposited at ZMAPOR.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: ArvoredoIsland.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Arraial do Cabo (6-10 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004[original description]). Rio de Janeiro (17-20 m depth,Cagarras Archipelago, Lerner et al., 2004 [originaldescription]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State:Alcatrazes Archipelago (10-12 m depth; Lerner et al.,2004 [original description]). Ilhabela (Rangel et al.,2001 [pharmacology]; 12-25 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004[original description]). South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Arvoredo Island (7-14 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]).Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 11 m depth, Ilha Deserta, 10-14 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872aFor synonyms see Hajdu (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Hamacantha Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Hajdu (2002).Type species: Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864 (bymonotypy).P Hamacantha (Vomerula) Schmidt, 1880For synonyms see Hajdu (2002).Type species: Vomerula tenda Schmidt, 1880 (by subsequentdesignation; Hajdu, 2002).K Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu,2004Hamacantha sp. 3, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50.Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu,2004: 27.Hamacantha microxifera, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4653.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela(25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681,25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W, 167 m depth; Hajdu etal., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [originaldescription]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864For synonyms see Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu (2002).Type species: Spongia palmata Ellis & Solander, 1786 (bysubsequent designation; Dendy, 1924).K Isodictya grandis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (newcombination)Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 347; Collette &Rützler, 1977: 309.TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH 87.5.2.161 (3 slides).TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886).REMARKS: Genus transfer based on Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu(2002), van Soest et al. (2011).Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 14E Mycale Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).153

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaType species: Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1866 (bysubsequent designation; Thiele, 1903).P Mycale (Aegogropila) Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Halichondria aegagropila Johnston, 1842 (bysubsequent designation; Dendy, 1922).K Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984Mycale caecilia, Wells et al., 1960: 212; Cooley, 1978: table 6(non M. caecilia de Laubenfels, 1936).Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984: 22; Rocha,1995: 77.Mycale americana, Zea, 1987: 138; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 60.Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999:319.Mycale aff. americana, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4074. ParatypesZMAPOR 3678, 3889, 3902, 4267, 4784.TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Isla Margarita.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Sebastião, intertidal (Rocha, 1995[ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Rangelet al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,Venezuela (Isla Margarita); U.S.A. (Florida, NorthCarolina) (Wells et al., 1960; Cooley, 1978; van Soest,1984; Zea, 1987).REMARKS: This species should be compared in detail to Mycale(Aegogropila) citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998, a possiblejunior synonym.K Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei Hajdu, Zea, Kielman& Peixinho, 1995Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995: 3; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004: 415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 61.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4451. Paratypes MCN2829, INV-POR 448, INV-POR 449. Schizotype fromholotype ZMAPOR 10710.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Hajdu et al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro state: Angra dos Reis (Ilha do Bonfim, Hajduet al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000),Colombia (Hajdu et al., 1995).REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest &Hajdu (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).K Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998: 188.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 381 (former DZUSP 381).Paratypes MNRJ 296 (former DZUSP 296), MNRJ302 (former DZUSP 302), MNRJ 369 (former DZUSP369). Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1997.2.26.1,ZMAPOR 11513.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião (Carballo & Hajdu, 1998 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.P Mycale (Arenochalina) Lendenfeld, 1887For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Arenochalina mirabilis Lendenfeld, 1887 (bymonotypy).K Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864)Acamas laxissima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 95.Hircinia cartilaginea var. horrida Hyatt, 1877: 549.Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy,1887: 70.Mycale angulosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1936: 116; Lévi, 1959:129 (non Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing et Michelotti,1864; non Mycale angulosa of other authors).Mycale nuda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976:254; van Soest, 1984: 31.Thorecta horridus, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 70.Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima, van Soest, 1984: 29.Mycale laxissima, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 119; Schmahl, 1990:379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89;Hajdu et al., 1999: 24; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Rangel etal., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004:415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 62; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Menezes et al.,2010: 467.Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 748;Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Custódio et al., 2002: 204.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 34.154

Taxonomic ListSchizolectotypes USNM 31001, MNHN.D.NBE 1300,BMNH 1928.11.12.112.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007[ecology]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). SãoSebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; 5-10 m depth,Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002[spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida; Hyatt, 1877;Schmahl, 1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bahamas, Cuba,Jamaica, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Is., Curaçao, Bonaire,Colombia, Belize, Mexico (Wiedenmayer, 1977; vanSoest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado,2002). Tropical West Africa (Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993;Hajdu & Rützler, 1998).REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886,1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia”by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2)There is considerable distinction between Caribbeanand Brazilian forms of this species in overall externalappearance. Hajdu & Rützler (1998) proposed anextensive synonymy including Esperella nuda Ridley &Dendy, 1886, from Bahia state, but the cospecificity ofthe two forms should be checked by genetic methods.P Mycale (Carmia) Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Hymeniacidon macilenta Bowerbank, 1866 (bysubsequent designation).K Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984: 27; Rützler etal., 2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Mothes et al., 2003:54; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004:590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Mothes et al., 2006c: 93; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006: 65.Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998:755; Carballo & Hajdu, 2001: 211; Lerner et al., 2005b:602.Mycale magnirafidiphera, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 04885.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Carballo & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Motheset al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (6-11m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas(Galé Island, 5-11 m depth, Deserta Island, 6 m depth,Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: U.S.A. (NorthCarolina). Caribbean: Cuba, Curaçao, Belize (vanSoest, 1984; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000;Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005).K Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927Mycale fistulata var. microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927: 144.Mycale lissochela sensu Alcolado, 1976 [non M. lissochelaBergquist, 1965].Carmia microsigmatosa, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 510;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Nassar& Silva, 1999: 200.Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, van Soest, 1984: 24; Zea,1987: 142; Rocha, 1995: 77; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 758;Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999:161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204; Ribeiro et al., 2003: 952;Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682.Mycale microsigmatosa, Hechtel, 1965: 47; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 124; Muricy, 1989: 351; van Soest, 1993: 212;Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 112; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 89; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler etal., 2000: 236; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66;Pereira et al., 2002: 312; Mothes et al., 2003: 46; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanovaet al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Ferreira et al., 2006:1343; Mothes et al., 2006c: 79; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 64;Xavier et al., 2008: 77; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Ignacioet al., 2010: Table S1; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira et al.,2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b:605.Monanchora sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 1593.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(2 m depth, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco155

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaState: Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Liraet al., 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis(Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (0.5-12.0 m depth,Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991[description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy etal., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cellbiology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al.,2002 [chemical ecology]; Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology];Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Niterói (0.5 m depth, Hajdu &Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2003[ecology]; Xavier et al., 2008 [ecology]). Rio de Janeiro(Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology]; Monteiro & Muricy,2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009 [microbiology];Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al.,2010b [microbiology]). Sepetiba (Nassar & Silva,1999 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (2 m depth,Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; intertidal,Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics];Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al.,2002 [spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al.,2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé,Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao,Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico,U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela (Hechtel, 1965; Alcolado,1976, 2002; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea,1987; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998;Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa(van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa and Mycale senegalensis from Sepetiba,Rio de Janeiro State, both probably referring to the presentspecies. These records however are not considered validhere because they were based on unpublished academicstudies.P Mycale (Mycale) Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1864 (bysubsequent designation; Thiele, 1903).K Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 132 (non Esperellafusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [= Mycale (Mycale) laevis]; cf.Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: Hajdu, 1995).Mycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 506;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429 (nonMycale parasitica var. arenosa Hentschel, 1911 [seniorhomonym]).Mycale arenaria, Hajdu, 1995: 50; Rützler et al., 2000: 236;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 63.Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,1994: 568; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva,1999: 161.Mycale aff. arenaria, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al.,2006: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 2431, ParatypesUFRJPOR 2432-2438. Schizotypes MHNG 993.123,MNHN unregistered, BMNH 1989.6.12.1, ZMAPOR8481.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Marechal Deodoro (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (Solé-Cava etal., 1981 [description]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeirostate: Armação dos Búzios (Hajdu & Boury-Esnault,1991 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo(2-4 m depth; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu &Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Muricy et al., 1993[pharmacology]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).K Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,156

Taxonomic List1994: 569; Hajdu, 1995: 51.Mycale beatrizae, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4244. SchizotypesMHNG 993.122 (slide), ZMAPOR 10656 (slide).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba(24 o 09.0’S–44 o 22.5’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: OffUbatuba (R./V. Prof. W. Besnard sta. 5170, 24 o 09.0’S–44 o 22.5’W, 136 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The possible synonymy of this species withMycale (Mycale) doellojuradoi Burton, 1940 should bereevaluated.K Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)Esperia laevis Carter, 1882a: 291.Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy,1887: 72.Mycale fusca, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 254(non Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [= Mycale(Mycale) arenaria]).Mycale laevis, Hechtel, 1965: 46; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 125;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Hajdu &Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: 574; Hajdu, 1995: 56;Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 763; Hill, 1998: 145; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Alcolado,2002: 66; Diaz, 2005: 472.Mycale (Mycale) laevis, van Soest, 1984: 14.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.23.TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Cabello.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Salvador (31 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886[description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Cuba,Dominican Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002),Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest,1984), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Venezuela(Alvarez et al., 1990; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler etal., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887)record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by theH.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).K Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973Mycale quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel,1976: 254; Hajdu, 1995: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 142.Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: 582.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.NBE 1010.Schizotype UFRJPOR 3387.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Valença (13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Localitiesnot informed (N.O.A.S. sta. 1763, 2012; Hajdu &Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu,1995 [description]). Pará State: Locality not informed(N.O.A.S. sta. 1882; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). OffSalinópolis (N.O.A.S. sta. 1889, 00°23.0’S–47°16.1’W,31 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994[description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64,13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W, 45-48 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description];Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Maranhão State: OffTutóia (N.O.A.S. sta. 1817, 02 o 12’S–42 o 25’W, 60 m depth;Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description];Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro state: Off São Francisco de Itabapoana(REVIZEE sta. C2-36R, 21.517 o S–40.300 o W, 52 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. The holotype designated byHajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1994) was the singleoriginal specimen deposited in the MNHN collection.P Mycale (Naviculina) Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Naviculina cliftoni Gray, 1867a (by monotypy).K Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris Lerner & Hajdu, 2002Mycale (Naviculina) sp., Hajdu, 1999: 227.Mycale arcuiris, Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 57;Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Dresch et al., 2005: 17.Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 112;Silva et al., 2006: 137.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 773. Paratypes MNRJ 263,362, 425, 1826, 3757, 3983, 3984, 3987, 3990. Schizotypesfrom holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR 15832, BMNH2000.5.30.1.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]).São Sebastião (0.5-15 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002157

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera[original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]).South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality notinformed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes etal., 2003 [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilhada Galé, 4 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [originaldescription]; Parcel da Ilha Deserta (submerged islet,27°6.500’S–48°20.000’W, 18-19 m depth), Lerner &Hajdu, 2002 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata (van Soest, 1984)(subgenus transfer)Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984: 21.Mycale diversisigmata, Cedro et al., 2007: 234.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4783.TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: St. Martha Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984).REMARKS: Subgenus transfer based on van Soest & Hajdu(2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).K Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 118.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1671. Paratype MNRJ1669. Schizotypes from holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR16243.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (11.5 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.P Mycale (Zygomycale) Topsent, 1931For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).Type species: Raphiodesma parishi Bowerbank, 1875 (byoriginal designation).K Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing &Michelotti, 1864)Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 89.Zygomycale parishii, de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 48;Hechtel, 1976: 256; Alcolado, 1980: 4; Duarte & Morgado,1983: 4; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996: 140; Morgado & Tanaka,2001: 174 (non Rhaphiodesma parishii Bowerbank, 1875).Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa, van Soest, 1984: 16; Muricy &Silva, 1999: 161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204.Mycale angulosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 528; van Soest, 1993:212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Muricy & Moraes,1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler et al., 2000: 235;Alcolado, 2002: 66; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; Lôbo-Hajduet al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al.,2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 59;Muricy et al., 2008: 72; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Menezeset al., 2010: 467; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1.Zygomycale angulosa, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 130.Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;Lerner et al., 2005a: 89.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 54.Schizolectotypes USNM 31021, MNHN.D.NBE 1310,BMNH 1928.11.12.20.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al.,2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dosReis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999[genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajduet al., 2004 [genetics]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al.,2010 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Guarujá (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Duarte& Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996[ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002 [spiculogenesis];Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10 m depth,Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Duarte& Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996[ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Morgado& Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region: ParanáState: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth; Lerner etal., 2005a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; deLaubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Curaçao, Margarita (vanSoest, 1984), U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Jamaica(Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Panama(Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Tropical WestAfrica (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Aegogropila)angulosa and Zygomycale parishii, both probablybelonging to the present species, from Sepetiba, Rio deJaneiro State; these records however are not acceptedas valid here because they were based on unpublishedacademic studies.158

Taxonomic ListSuborder Myxillina Hajdu, van Soest &Hooper, 1994Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2E Chondropsis Carter, 1886For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).Type species: Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b (bymonotypy).K Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b: 122; Carter, 1890: 564;Santos et al., 2002b: 393; van Soest, 2002d: 522.Holopsamma arenifera sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10;Hechtel, 1976: 252.Chondrosia arenifera, Santos et al., 2002b: 390.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.149.TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Port Philip Heads.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: S Australia (Carter, 1886b; van Soest,2002d).REMARKS: The Brazilian record was possibly misidentified;it was considered questionable by Hechtel (1976) andneeds revision.E Psammoclema Marshall, 1880For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).Type species: Psammoclema ramosum Marshall, 1880 (bymonotypy).K Psammoclema porosum (Poléjaeff, 1884) (newcombination)Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884: 48; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961: 20; Hechtel, 1976: 254.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was called “offBahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).(2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002d), van Soestet al. (2011).Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6E Coelosphaera Thomson, 1873For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (bymonotypy).P Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) Thomson, 1873For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (bymonotypy).K Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata Priest, 1881Polymastia biclavata Priest, 1881: 303.Coelosphaera biclavata, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: Belize.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State Not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Priest, 1881).Remarks: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest(2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).K Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera Hechtel,1969Coelosphaera raphidifera, Hechtel, 1969: 13; Rützler et al.,2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65 (?non Fibularia raphidiferaTopsent, 1889: 16 [senior secondary homonym]).Fibularia (?) raphidifera, Hechtel, 1976: 253.TYPE SPECIMENS: YPM 7745.TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Belize (Rützleret al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) recordwas not stated by the author; it was inferred from thelabel of the specimen YPM 5712. (2) New subgenusassignment based on van Soest (2002b), van Soest etal. (2011). (3) This species probably should receive anew replacement name since it became a juniorhomonym of Fibularia raphidifera Topsent, 1889 afterthe transfer of both to Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera).However, it is not clear if the two species are actuallysynonymous (cf. van Soest et al., 2011) and a revision ofboth is necessary.159

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaE Forcepia Carter, 1874For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874 (by monotypy).P Forcepia (Forcepia) Carter, 1874For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874.K Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 280; Hechtel, 1976:254 (non Forcepia (Ectoforcepia) trilabis sensu van Soest,1984: 66; non Forcepia trilabis sensu van Soest & Stentoft,1988: 122 [= Forcepia colonensis]; cf. van Soest, 2002e;van Soest, 2009).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973 (Fig.14E).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Valença (13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffValença (Calypso sta. 64, 13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W, 45-48 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as the holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen depositedin the MNHN collection. (2) The transfer to the subgenusForcepia (Forcepia) was done by van Soest (2009).E Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (by originaldesignation) (junior synonym of Halichondria isodictyalisCarter, 1882a).P Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) Burton, 1934For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Desmacidon dendyi Whitelegge, 1901 (by originaldesignation).K Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife (Boury-Esnault,1973) (new combination)Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976:253.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985, 1008(Fig. 14F).TYPE LOCALITIES: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W) and Pernambuco State: Off Porto deGalinhas (8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: OffPitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Pernambuco State: Off Portode Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W, 33 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designatetype specimens for this species. We designated here assyntypes the only two original specimens deposited inthe MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on vanSoest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).K Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (Boury-Esnault,1973) (new combination)Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel,1976: 254.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986 (Fig. 14G).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Sergipe State: Off Barra dosCoqueiros (10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Sergipe State: OffBarra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W,34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as holotypeby monotypy the single original specimen deposited inthe MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on vanSoest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).P Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) Topsent, 1892For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).Type species: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (juniorsynonym of Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a).K Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter,1882)Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a: 285.Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889: 49.Lissodendoryx leptoderma, Topsent, 1892a: 97.Esperiopsis fragilis Verril, 1907: 333.Lissodendoryx isodictyalis, Topsent, 1897a: 456; de Laubenfels,1950a: 73; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 11; Hechtel, 1965: 38; Hechtel, 1976: 253; vanSoest, 1984: 54; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 146; Mothes &Bastian, 1993: 23; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 89; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b:392; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ignacio etal., 2010: Table S1.Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, van Soest, 2002e:540.160

Taxonomic ListTYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes (8 specimens): BMNH 39.3.24.13,CLM-Sp. 57-58, 62-66, 73 (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977; vanSoest, 2002e).TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Acapulco) and Venezuela (PuertoCabello).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth,Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife(de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al.,2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]).São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Venezuela (vanSoest, 1984), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998), U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina,Florida), Panama (Diaz, 2005). Tropical West Africa;Tropical Pacific America; Indo-Pacific; Australia; Red Sea(cf. Hechtel, 1965); Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probablya complex of cryptic species and needs revision.(2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Lissodendoryxisodictyalis from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; thisrecord is not considered valid here because it was basedon an unpublished academic study.Family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963For synonyms see van Soest (2002l).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Monanchora Carter, 1883aFor synonyms see van Soest (2002l).Type species: Monanchora clathrata Carter, 1883a (bymonotypy).K Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864)Pandaros arbusculum Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 88;van Soest et al., 1983: 199.Echinostylinos unguiferus de Laubenfels, 1953: 528.Echinostylinos (?) unguiferus, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1969: 21; Hechtel, 1976:253; van Soest, 1984: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 142;Muricy, 1989: 351.Prosuberites scarlatum Alcolado, 1984: 13.Monanchora unguifera, Zea, 1987: 152.Monanchora arbuscula, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1217;Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Tavareset al., 1994: 645; Tavares et al., 1995: 1142; Lehnert & vanSoest, 1998: 88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert &van Soest, 1999: 159; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Rützleret al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b:393; Mothes et al., 2003: 51; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:683; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Lerner etal., 2005b: 600; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes etal., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006c: 87; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 70; Muricy et al., 2006: 142; Ferreira et al., 2007:314; Kossuga et al., 2007: 1195; Muricy & Hajdu, 2007b:41; Muricy et al., 2008: 70; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Liraet al., 2010: 158.Monanchora cf. barbadensis, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1728. ParalectotypeZMAPOR 1729 (cf. van Soest et al., 1983).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,2007b [description]). Abrolhos (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R,16.117 o S–38.170 o W, 40 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1,15.828 o S–38.607 o W, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Salvador (Tavares et al., 1994 [chemistry];Tavares et al., 1995 [chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]; Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). CearáState: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedra da Riscado Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007[pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al.,2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RioGrande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricyet al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy,1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricyet al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cellbiology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro& Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião161

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Motheset al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7-8 mdepth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao, Colombia, Belize,U.S.A. (Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1953; van Soest, 1984;Zea, 1987; Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Cuba (Alcolado,2002), Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Panama (Diaz,2005).REMARKS: (1) Hechtel (1976) did not inform the preciselocality of his records; it was inferred from the labelof the specimens YPM 5737, 8950 and 8980, all fromRecife. (2) The holotype of Echinostylinos unguiferus isdeposited at USNM 23404 (Fig. 14H).Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922For synonyms see van Soest (2002f).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Crella Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest (2002f).Type species: Cribrella elegans Schmidt, 1862 (by originaldesignation).P Crella (Grayella) Carter, 1869For synonyms see van Soest (2002f).Type species: Grayella cyathophora Carter, 1869 (bymonotypy).K Crella (Grayella) spinosa (Hechtel, 1983)Crelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983: 70.Crella spinosa, Santos et al., 2002b: 393.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9019 (Fig. 15A).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Jaboatão dosGuararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon (Jacques Laborel,personal communication, 2011).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon(Hechtel, 1983 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The locality of collection of this species was notinformed by Hechtel (1983), who stated only “tropicalBrazil”. It was discovered through the field numberwritten by hand in the verso of the label, thanks to apersonal communication from Jacques Laborel, thecollector of the specimen. As the Olho d’Água Lagoon isa brackish to freshwater lagoon, the possibility that thiscould be a freshwater sponge should be investigated. (2)New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002c),van Soest et al. (2011).Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see van Soest (2002g).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Desmapsamma Burton, 1934Type species: Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a (by originaldesignation).K Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a: 283.Desmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley &Dendy, 1887: 105; Lindgren, 1898: 303.Desmapsamma anchorata, Burton, 1934: 547; Burton,1959: 239; Lévi, 1959: 134; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10;Hechtel, 1965: 21; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1984: 35;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 138; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 88; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado,2002: 65; van Soest, 2002g: 574; Calcinai et al., 2004:938; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy& Hajdu, 2006: 69; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Muricy etal., 2008: 75; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Ignacio et al., 2010:Table S1; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Meurer et al., 2010: 1.Holopsamma helwigi, de Laubenfels, 1936: 97; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1216; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Alcolado, 2002:65.Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) helwigi, Muricy & Moraes,1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 392.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.12.TYPE LOCALITY: Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886[description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]).Pernambuco State: Recife (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010[faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis(Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Ilha Grande (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]; Meurer et al., 2010 [ecology]). SepetibaBay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]).162

Taxonomic ListWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Venezuela, Colombia(van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al.,2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Antigua (Carter, 1882a),U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990). Tropical West Africa(Burton, 1956; Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993); East Africa(Burton, 1959); Indonesia (Burton, 1959; Calcinai etal., 2004); China Sea (Lindgren, 1898); Australia: GreatBarrier Reef (Burton, 1934; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest,1984).REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Indonesia(Calcinai et al., 2004).Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928For synonyms see van Soest (2002h).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3E Phorbas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864For synonyms see van Soest (2002h).Type species: Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 92;Carter, 1882a: 287; van Soest, 1984: 86; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989: 1210; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützleret al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; van Soest, 2002h:586; Muricy et al., 2008: 76.Pachychalina amaranthus, Wilson, 1902: 391.Phorbas sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 59.Schizolectotypes USNM 31026, MNHN.D.NBE 1315,BMNH 1928.11.12.12.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean: U.S.A.(Florida), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, PuertoRico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,Bonaire, Nassau, Venezuela, Panama (Carter, 1882a;Wilson, 1902; van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; van Soest,2002h).K Phorbas plumosus (Montagu, 1818)Spongia plumosa Montagu, 1818: 116.Myxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 145;Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11.Pronax plumosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254.Phorbas plumosus, Corriero et al., 2007: 24.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England (Montagu, 1818), Italy (Corrieroet al., 2007).REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record(off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).K Phorbas ramosus (Hechtel, 1983) (new combination)Anchinoe sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983: 67 [non Phorbas ramosus(Lendenfeld, 1888); senior secondary homonym].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8969 (Fig. 15B).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Santo Antonio Bank.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: SantoAntonio Bank (60 m depth; Hechtel, 1983 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest(2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) This species needsa new replacement name since it became a juniorhomonym of Phorbas ramosus (Lendenfeld, 1888).Family Iotrochotidae Ridley, 1884TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Iotrochota Ridley, 1884For synonyms see van Soest (2002i).Type species: Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877: 296.Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281 (cf. Rützler etal., 2007).Iothrochota birotulata (Moraes et al., 2006: 167[misspelling]).Iotrochota birotulata, de Laubenfels, 1953: 522; Hechtel, 1965:24; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1984: 38; Pulitzer-Finali,1986: 139; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez etal., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 88; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 158; Rützler et al.,2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002a: 295;163

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferavan Soest, 2002i: 598; Diaz, 2005: 472; Cedro et al., 2007:234; Rützler et al., 2007: 135.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1877.3.9.1. ParalectotypeBMNH 1877.3.9.2 (2 slides; cf. van Soest, 2002i; Rützleret al., 2007).TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Kingston (cf. Rützler et al., 2007).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State:Off Belmonte (Calypso sta. 70, 15 o 47’S–38 o 45’W, 57m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Santos et al., 2002a[ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Recife (30 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]).Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta.40, 10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953;Schmahl, 1990), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico,Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,Bonaire, Venezuela, Panama (Hechtel, 1965; van Soest,1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999;Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Rützleret al., 2007).REMARKS: (1) The specimens from Fernando de Noronhapresent neither the birotulate microscleres nor the erectmorphology typical of the species in the Caribbean andshould be investigated in more detail. (2) The preciselocality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by theauthor; it was inferred from the label of the specimenYPM 9000.Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3E Hymenancora Lundbeck, 1910For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).Type species: Leptosia umbellifera Topsent, 1904: 192 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Hymenancora tenuissima (Thiele, 1905) (newcombination)Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905: 454.Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3307 (cf. Carsten Lüter,pers. comm., 2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6664, 24º26.475’S–44º06.554’W, 500 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905).REMARKS: Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002j), vanSoest et al. (2011).E Myxilla Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).Type species: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).P Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) Hentschel, 1914For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).Type species: Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914 (byoriginal designation).K Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis Thiele, 1905Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905: 443; López-Gappa & Landoni,2005: 209.Ectyomyxilla chilensis, Koltun, 1964: 77.Ectyomyxilla kerguelenensis, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 279[misspelling].Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 55 (nonEctyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914: 103).Crellomyxilla chilensis, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3298 (cf. Carsten Lüter,pers. comm., 2011).TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: OffIlhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24 o 43’S–45 o 10’W, 97-100 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905), Antarctic (Koltun,1964), Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), SouthAfrica (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973).REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest(2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) The relationshipbetween Myxilla chilensis Thiele and Ectyomyxillakerguelensis Hentschel should be revised, as well as theidentity of this Brazilian record.P Myxilla (Myxilla) Schmidt, 1862For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).Type species: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 145; Mothes &Lerner, 1994: 53; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert & van Soest,164

Taxonomic List1998: 88; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 68.Myxilla ?mucronata, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47702.TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião(intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State:Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998).REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest(2002e), van Soest et al. (2011).Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5E Tedania Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest (2002k).Type species: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by originaldesignation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelansLieberkühn, 1859).P Tedania (Tedania) Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see van Soest (2002k).Type species: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by originaldesignation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelansLieberkühn, 1859).K Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes, Hajdu & vanSoest, 2000Tedaniopsis nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.Tedania sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes et al., 2000: 3.Tedania brasiliensis, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 67.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 1193. Paratypes MCN2319, UFRJPOR 1223a, 1276, 2862, 2979, 3062, 3080,3149, 3150, MZUSP 12257, 12258. SchizoholotypesBMNH 1997.1.13.1, ZMAPOR 11487.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial doCabo.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State:Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão (00 o 31’00”S–44 o 16’00”W, 54 m depth; Mothes et al., 2000 [originaldescription]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991[ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; 3-15 m depth, Mothes et al.,2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Cabo de São Tomé (51 m depth, Motheset al., 2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (5-16 mdepth, Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864)Thalysias ignis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 83.Tedania ignis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 70; Hechtel, 1965: 37;Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 133; van Soest,1984: 49; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 147; Zea, 1987: 157;Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al.,1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Mothes & Lerner,1994: 53; Lerner, 1996: 113; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23;Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000: 462;Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174;Alcolado, 2002: 65; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al.,2002a: 296; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al.,2002b: 393; Mothes et al., 2003: 54; Jimenez et al., 2004:88; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004:590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dreschet al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al.,2006c: 92; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 66; Silva et al., 2006:137; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Cedro et al., 2007: 234;Farrapeira, 2008: 35; Rodrigues et al., 2007: 1; Ribeiroet al., 2008: 38; Vita-Marques et al., 2008: 1100; Xavier etal., 2008: 77; Laport et al., 2009: 91; Muricy et al., 2008:77; Farrapeira et al., 2009: 91; Barradas et al., 2010: 63;Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Farrapeira, 2010: 214;Lira et al., 2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos etal., 2010b: 605.Tedania anhelans sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282 (nonTedania anhelans Lieberkühn, 1859; taxonomic decisionby Hechtel, 1976; Mothes et al., 2000).Tedania vanhoffeni sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282; Hechtel,1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Tedaniavanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis)vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 355).Tedania vanhoeffeni, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 233; Mothes165

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferade Moraes, 1987: 132 (non Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel,1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Motheset al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355).Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Lerner et al., 2005a: 88.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 72. ParalectotypeZMAPOR 2373. Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1341,BMNH 1928.11.12.437.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).Bahia State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira,2010 [ecology]). Salvador (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000[ecology]; Santos et al., 2002a [ecology]; Andréa et al.,2007 [ecology]). Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (Calypsosta. 73, 16 o 15’S–38 o 52’W, 24 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal;Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). MaranhãoState: São Luís (Rodrigues et al., 2007 [ecology]).Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010[ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed(Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]). Itamaracá(Farrapeira, 2008 [ecology]). Porto de Galinhas(Barradas et al., 2010 [ecology]). Off Porto de Galinhas(Calypso sta. 27, 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W, 33 m depth; Calypsosta. 29, 8 o 28’S–34 o 55’W, 22-30 m depth, Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). OffRecife (Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W, 51 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira etal., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Piauí State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Locality not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008[chemical ecology]). Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al.,2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-15 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy, 1989 [ecology];Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993[pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]).Niterói (Guanabara Bay, 0.5 m depth, Xavier et al., 2008[ecology]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004[ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santoset al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Localitynot informed (São Sebastião or Peruíbe; Vita-Marqueset al., 2008 [microbiology]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al.,1999 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]).Off Ubatuba (off Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23 o 26’S–44 o 48’W, 36 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999[checklist; erroneously indicated as Rio de Janeiro State];Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region:Paraná State: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth;Lerner et al., 2005a [description]). Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002[pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis];Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology];Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (80m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha daGalé, 5-12 m depth, Lerner, 1996 [description]). PortoBelo (João da Cunha Island, 0.5 m depth; Mothes deMoraes, 1987 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A (Florida), PuertoRico, Cuba, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Curaçao,Dominican Republic (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer,1977; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama(Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Belize(Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) recordfrom Cabo de Santo Agostinho was not stated by theauthor; it was obtained from the label of the specimenYPM 8975. (2) The records of Santos et al. (2002b) fromItamaracá and Gaibu are not considered valid becausethey were based on unpublished conference abstracts.(3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tedania ignis andTedania vanhoffeni from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State,both probably actually referring to Tedania (Tedania)ignis; these records however are not considered validhere because they were based on unpublished academicworks.P Tedania (Tedaniopsis) Dendy, 1924For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).Type species: Tedaniopsis turbinata Dendy, 1924 (bymonotypy).K Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni Hentschel, 1914Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; Koltun, 1964: 60(non Tedania vanhoeffeni sensu Mothes de Moraes,1985b: 233; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 132 [= T. ignis]).Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58;166

Taxonomic ListHajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355 (non Tedania vanhoffeni sensuBoury-Esnault, 1973; Hechtel, 1976 [= T. ignis]).TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes ZMH S-2314 (seven specimens,labelled as “originals”).TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (66°02’S–89°38’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: OffLaguna (off Santa Marta Cape; 29 o 11.169’S–47 o 44.167’W,420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctica (Hentschel, 1914; Koltun,1964).REMARKS: The occurrence of Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeniin Brazil seems to be restricted to deep waters; all theshallow water records were reallocated to Tedania(Tedania) ignis (cf. Mothes et al., 2000).P Tedania (Trachytedania) Ridley, 1881For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).Type species: Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881 (bymonotypy).K Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora (Boury-Esnault,1973) (new combination)Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281;Hechtel, 1976: 256; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001: 572.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 974.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela(24 o 06’S–45 o 29’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 136, 24 o 06’S–45 o 29’W, 48m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as theholotype by monotypy the single original specimendeposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transferbased on van Soest (2002f), van Soest et al. (2011).K Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata (Ridley, 1881)Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881: 122; Cristobo & Urgorri,2001: 570.Tedania spinata, Koltun, 1964: 63; Cuartas, 1991: 50; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 210.Tedania murdochi Topsent, 1913b: 629; Boury-Esnault, 1973:283; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & vanSoest, 1996: 4; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata, van Soest, 2002k: 632.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH.1879.12.27.9.TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Portland Bay.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114; 23 o 04’S–44 o 14’W, 45m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Falklands (Topsent, 1913b), Argentina(Boury-Esnault, 1973; Cuartas, 1991; López-Gappa& Landoni, 2005), Chile (Desqueyroux-Faúndez& van Soest, 1996; van Soest, 2002k), Antarctica(Koltun, 1964).REMARKS: The proposition of Mothes et al. (2000) to reassignthis record to Tedania mucosa Thiele, 1905 is not followedhere.ORDER SPIROPHORIDA BERGQUIST & HOGG,1969For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002f).Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886aFor synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 12E Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).Type species: Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959 (bymonotypy).K Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho, Fernandez,Oliveira, Caires & Hajdu, 2007Acanthotetilla sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho et al., 2007: 510.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6359.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];Peixinho et al., 2007 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho, Fernandez, Oliveira,Caires & Hajdu, 2007Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho et al., 2007: 512.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA-POR 1902. Paratypes UFBA-POR 1893-1901, 1903-1906, 2020-2038.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Camaçari.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Camaçari (22-35 m depth; Peixinho et al., 2007 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Cinachyra Sollas, 1886a167

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFor synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).Type species: Cinachyra barbata Sollas, 1886a (by monotypy).K Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007Cinachyra sp. n., Muricy et al., 2006: 115.Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007: 548.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3635-C. Paratype MNRJ3658-B.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Off Linhares(19°17’S–37°57’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-20F; 19°17’S–37°57’W,500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Rodriguez& Muricy, 2007[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).Type species: Tetilla hirsuta Dendy, 1889 (by subsequentdesignation; Rützler, 1987).K Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929)Cinachyra alloclada Uliczka, 1929: 41; Johnson, 1971: 112;Hechtel, 1976: 252; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 183; Mothes deMoraes, 1980: 76; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Santos et al.,1999: 57.Trachygellius cinachyra de Laubenfels, 1936: 158.Cinachyra rhizophyta sensu Johnson, 1971: 112; Santos etal., 1999: 57 (non Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929 [=Cinachyrella apion]).Cinachyrella alloclada, Rützler, 1987: 200; Atta et al., 1989:380; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler& Smith, 1992: 149; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rodriguezet al., 1997: 1833; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy& Moraes, 1998: 215; Lazoski et al., 1999: 300; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Muricy& Silva, 1999: 160; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Alcolado,2002: 58; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al.,2003: 17; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 470; Dreschet al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu,2006: 35; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009:6; Barradas et al., 2010: 63; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:1087.Cinachyrela alloclada, Silva et al., 2006: 137 (misspelling).Cinachirella alboclade, Costa et al., 2000: 314 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4921 (cf. Cárdenas et al.,2009).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007[ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).Bahia State: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1989[chemistry]). Camaçari (Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]).Salvador (Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski etal., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];Cárdenas et al., 2009 [description]). Ceará State:Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Silva et al., 2006[pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Locality notinformed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silvaet al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Paulista (Hechtel, 1976[biogeography]). Porto de Galinhas (Barradas et al.,2010 [ecology]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998[faunistics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes etal., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PotiguarBasin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213,4 o 38.7100’S–36 o 44.6629’W, 52 m depth; Santos etal., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al.,1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999[genetics]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Mothesde Moraes, 1980 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cellbiology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Georgia, North Carolina, SouthCarolina, Florida); Bahamas, Colombia, Venezuela,Panama, Cuba, Jamaica, Curaçao, Costa Rica (Alvarez etal., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenaset al., 2009).REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) recordwas not stated by the author; it was inferred from thelabel of the specimen YPM 9006. (2) The record ofCinachyrella alloclada from Recife by Santos et al.(2002b) was not considered valid because it was basedon unpublished data (a conference abstract).K Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929)Cinachyra apion Uliczka, 1929: 43; Hechtel, 1976: 253; vanSoest & Sass, 1981: 340.Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929: 38.Cinachyrella apion, Rützler, 1987: 200; Rützler & Smith, 1992:156; Rodriguez et al., 1997: 1833; Lazoski et al., 1999:300; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et168

Taxonomic Listal., 2006: 166; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Rodriguez, 2007a:42; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 8; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:1087; Medeiros et al., 2010: 212.TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMB-Por 4911 (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Locality notinformed (Rodriguez, 2007a [description]). Salvador(Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski et al., 1999[genetics]; intertidal, Cárdenas et al., 2009 [genetics]).Pernambuco State: Cabo de Santo Agostinho(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RioGrande do Norte State: Extremoz (Medeiros et al.,2010 [pharmacology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: Bermuda, U.S.A.(North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida). Caribbean:Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia, Panama (vanSoest & Sass, 1981; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Diaz, 2005;Cárdenas et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the label ofthe specimen YPM 8959.K Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929)Cinachyra kükenthali Uliczka, 1929: 44; Collette & Rützler,1977: 309; van Soest, 1993: 212.Cinachyra kukenthali, Hechtel, 1976: 253.Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 185; van Soest& Stentoft, 1988: 42; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler & Smith,1992: 154; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Alcolado, 2002:58; Muricy et al., 2006: 139; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;Rodriguez, 2007b: 43; Muricy et al., 2008: 41; Cárdenaset al., 2009: 10.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 31491 (cf. Rützler & Smith,1992).TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Rützler & Smith,1992 [description]). Northeast Region: Bahia State:Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]).Off Abrolhos (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117 o S–38.170 o W,40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). OffBelmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W,83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador(REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075 o S–38.392 o W, 90 mdepth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). PernambucoState: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). RioGrande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b[description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain(REVIZEE sta. C5-24R, 20.347 o S–36.642 o W, 55 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state:Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]).Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,22.382 o S–37.588 o W, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina),Bahamas, Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Barbados,Curaçao, Belize, Panama, Colombia (Wiedenmayer,1977; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Rützler & Smith, 1992;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Cárdenas etal., 2009), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record wasnot stated by the author; it was inferred from the label ofthe specimen YPM 8986.E Craniella Schmidt, 1870For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).Type species: Craniella tethyoides Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886a: 182; Sollas, 1888: 35; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 254.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.23 (Fig. 15C),1894.11.16.61-63, 1894.11.16.66-67.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The type locality (off Salvador) was referredto as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.Introduction).K Craniella corticata (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (newcombination)Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel,1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (twospecimens; Fig. 15D).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife(8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 m depth;Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).169

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate typespecimens for this species. We designated here as syntypesthe only two original specimens, deposited under thesame register number in the MNHN collection. (2)Genus transfer based on van Soest & Rützler (2002), vanSoest et al. (2011).K Craniella cranium (Müller, 1776)Tethya cranium Müller, 1776: 255; Carter, 1890: 566; Santoset al., 2002b: 391.Tethya cranium var. abyssorum Carter, 1876: 405.Tethya cranium var. infrequens Carter, 1876: 405.Craniella muelleri Vosmaer, 1885a: 6.Craniella cranium, Sollas, 1888: 51; Lévi, 1960: 746; Hechtel,1976: 252; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 54; Santos et al.,2002b: 388.Tetilla cranium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: North European seas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, United Kingdom, Azores,Canaries, Madeira, Senegal (West Africa), Barents Sea,U.S.A. Atlantic coast, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Müller,1776; Carter, 1876; Vosmaer, 1885a; Sollas, 1888; Lévi,1960; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b).REMARKS: Carter’s (1890) description is very short and doesnot allow recognition of this species. This record istherefore considered as highly questionable by Moraes etal. (2006) and by us.K Craniella quirimure Peixinho, Cosme & Hajdu, 2005Craniella quirimure Peixinho et al., 2005: 33.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA 1812-POR. Paratypes MNRJ601, 8417, UFBA-POR 161, 212, 222, 252, 254, 262, 999,1776, 1811, 1888.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Jaguaripe.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Itaparica(Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]). Jaguaripe(intertidal, Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]).Maraú (Camamu Bay; Peixinho et al., 2005 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Some register numbers of the paratypes includeseveral specimens.E Tetilla Schmidt, 1868For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).Type species: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868 (bymonotypy).K Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868: 40; van Soest & Rützler,2002: 97.Tetilla euplocamus, Selenka, 1879: 469; Sollas, 1888: 45;Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy& Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling].TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-206 (fragment depositedin ZMB-Por 7165; slide in BMNH 1868.3.2.32).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State:Florianópolis.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Rio de Janeiro (Selenka, 1879 [description]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Florianópolis (Schmidt, 1868 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: (1) The slides of the holotype of T. euplocamosare insufficient to characterize this species, which maytherefore be considered as unrecognizable. Furthermore,Selenka’s (1879) material from Rio de Janeiro seems tobe lost, making this record questionable (cf. Santos &Hajdu, 2003). (2) The type locality, Destêrro, is the oldname of Santa Catarina State capital Florianópolis; it isnot in Rio de Janeiro as stated by van Soest & Rützler(2002).K Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879: 468; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:17; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Santos& Hajdu, 2003: 637; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al.,2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 34.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7106 (Santos & Hajdu, 2003).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed:Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004[pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro(Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Sepetiba (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Santos &Hajdu, 2003 [description]). São Sebastião (Santos &Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactivekey]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (10m depth, Santos & Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Muricy &Hajdu, 2006 [description]).170

Taxonomic ListWORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tetilla radiatafrom Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, but this recordis not considered valid here because it was based onunpublished academic studies.Family Samidae Sollas, 1888TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Samus Gray, 1867aType species: Samus anonymus Gray, 1867a (by monotypy).K Samus anonymus Gray, 1867Samus anonyma Gray, 1867a: 526; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 130;van Soest, 1993: 212.Samus anonymus, Sollas, 1888: 57; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:15; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest & Hooper, 2002g: 100.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.221 (slide; cf. vanSoest & Hooper, 2002g).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão etal., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; vanSoest & Hooper, 2002g [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, U.S.A.(Florida), Palau Islands, West Africa, Seychelles, theMediterranean, Colombia, Curaçao (van Soest & Hooper,2002g), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Tropical WestAfrica (van Soest, 1993).REMARKS: (1) The locality “off Salvador” was referred to as “offBahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).(2) This is probably a complex of sibling species ratherthan a single cosmopolitan species (van Soest & Hooper,2002g).ORDER VERONGIDA BERGQUIST, 1978Family Aplysinidae Carter, 1875For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 17E Aiolochroia Wiedenmayer, 1977For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).Type species: Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401 (bymonotypy).K Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875)Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401; Wilson, 1902: 409.Aplysina crassa, Lendenfeld, 1889: 423 (in part).Verongia crassa, de Laubenfels, 1948: 86 (in part).Ianthella ianthella de Laubenfels, 1949: 7; Johnson, 1971:106; Santos et al., 1999: 57.Ianthella ardis de Laubenfels, 1950a: 31; Hechtel, 1976: 253;Santos et al., 2002b: 398.Pseudoceratina crassa, Bergquist & Hartman, 1969: 250;Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Bergquist, 1980: 494;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 186; Zea, 1987: 63; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989: 1211; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 138;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Santos etal., 2002b: 398.Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 252(synonyms after Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001).Aiolochroia crassa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 75; van Soest, 1978:64; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 79; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado, 2002:71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002c: 1084; Moraes et al., 2003:17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraeset al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Ferreira et al.,2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim,2007b: 44; Muricy et al., 2008: 123; Lira et al., 2010: 158.Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24 [nonAplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].Aplysina janusi, Santos et al., 2002b: 398.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1887.7.11.39.TYPE LOCALITY: Nassau.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed(Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]). Off Abrolhos(REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023 o S–37.365 o W, 53 mdepth; C5-16R, 18.059 o S–37.315 o W, 100 m depth; Muricyet al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta.C5-7R, 16.117 o S–38.70 o W, 40 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R,13.646 o S–38.742 o W, 55 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEE stations C2-14R, 17.797 o S–35.881 o W, 63 m depth; C5-14R, 17.800 o S–35.875 o W, 60 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE sta. C5-4R, 14.808 o S–38.917 o W,20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). MinervaSeamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-10R, 17.098 o S–36.752 o W,50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). RodgersSeamount (REVIZEE stations C2-11R, 17.066 o S–36.808 o W, 50 m depth; C5-10R, 17.103 o S–36.741 o W, 50m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Ceará State:Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,1999 [checklist]; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira etal., 2007 [pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu171

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera(Calypso sta. 1, 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian,1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]). Recife (27-33 m depth, Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira etal., 2010 [faunistics]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W,51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santoset al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3 o 51’S–33 o 50’W, 27 mdepth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves& Omena, 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy etal., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim,2007b [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,2006 [biogeography]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain(REVIZEE stations C2-23R, 20.483 o S–36.100 o W, 60 mdepth; C2-24R, 20.351 o S–36.637 o W, 62 m depth; C2-28R, 19.813 o S–37.943 o W, 54 m depth; C2-32R, 20.673 o S–37.710 o W, 54 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857 o S–33.643 o W, 65m depth; C2-45R, 20.951 o S–34.006 o W, 125 m depth; C2-46R, 20.676 o S–34.589 o W, 108 m depth; C2-47R, 20.614 o S–34.894 o W, 60 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704 o S–35.704 o W, 57.5m depth; C5-23R, 20.487 o S–36.103 o W, 55 m depth; C5-24R, 20.347 o S–36.642 o W, 55 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808 o S–37.939 o W, 60 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857 o S–33.636 o W,65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro state: Localitynot informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]).Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,22.382 o S–37.588 o W, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[checklist]). Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (REVIZEEsta. C5-36R, 21.500 o S–40.300 o W, 52 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Cuba, Curaçao, Puerto Rico,U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela, Bahamas,Belize, Bermuda, Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Jamaica,Dominican Republic (Wilson, 1902; de Laubenfels,1950a; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Kobluk & vanSoest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert& van Soest, 1996, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado,2002; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: The precise locality and depth of Hechtel’s (1976)record were not indicated by the author, who stated only“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grandedo Norte to Alagoas states. It was obtained through thelabels of the specimens YPM 5722, 5735, 9002, 9013 and9015.E Aplysina Nardo, 1834For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).Type species: Aplysina aerophoba Schmidt, 1862 (bysubsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).K Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro et al., 2007: 29.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5473. Paratypes MNRJ 5472,5474.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Abrolhos (12 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 133[non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57; Lerner, 1996:115 [non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 145; Custódio etal., 2002: 209; Saeki et al., 2002: 798; Mothes et al., 2003:45; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528;Santos et al., 2004: 590; Lira et al., 2006: 1235; Mothes etal., 2006c: 76; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 84; Pinheiro et al.,2007: 3; Azevedo et al., 2008: 37; Lamarão et al., 2010:846.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1988. Paratypes MNRJ 268,578, 1673, 1675, 1989, 2013. Schizoholotype BMNH1999.10.6.1.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SãoSebastião (2-11 m depth, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001[original description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cellbiology]; Saeki et al., 2002 [chemistry]; Berlinck et al.,2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology];Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Lira et al., 2006[chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 2-11m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarãoet al., 2010 [genetics]). Ubatuba (2 m depth, Pinheiroet al., 2007 [description]). South Region: SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes etal., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7 mdepth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Azevedo et172

Taxonomic Listal., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Mothes &Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha da Galé, 6-12 m depth,Lerner, 1996 [description]; 0.5-3.0 m depth, Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; 8-12 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Porto Belo (Ilha João da Cunha, 0.5-3 mdepth, Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]; Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (PaulistaBiogeographic Province).K Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)Luffaria cauliformis Carter, 1882a: 268.Verongia cauliformis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.Aplysina cauliformis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 68; van Soest, 1978:62; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea, 1987: 57; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert& van Soest, 1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216;Alcolado, 2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Diaz, 2005:468; Rogers et al., 2005: 895; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83;Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Oliveira et al., 2006b: 438; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007c: 45; Muricyet al., 2008: 116; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 8; Lamarão et al.,2010: 846.Verongia longissima sensu de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; deLaubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21; Johnson,1971: 105; Hechtel, 1965: 13; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santoset al., 1999: 57.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1939.3.24.76, 1939.3.24.2.TYPE LOCALITIES: Antigua and Bahamas (Nassau).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed(Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Abrolhos(Parcel das Paredes, 15 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]; Abrolhos Archipelago, 30 m depth,Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 10 m depth, Pinheiro etal., 2007 [description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta.C6-R3#1, 15.828 o S–38.607 o W, 83 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Off Porto Seguro (Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Prado (Corumbau, 3 m depth; Pinheiroet al., 2007 [description]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta.C6-R4#1, 13.075 o S–38.392 o W, 90 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Rogerset al., 2005 [chemistry]; 12°57.7’S–38°31.1’W, Oliveira etal., 2006b [pharmacology]). Santo Antonio Seamount,60 m depth (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). CearáState: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels,1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999[checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description];Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Pernambuco State:Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010[genetics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SoutheastRegion: State not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006[description]). Espírito Santo state: Locality notinformed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). OffGuarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633 o S–40.025 o W,53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (Vitória Bank, 80 m depth;Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Dogaresa Seamount,29 o 44’28”S–31 o 50’03”W, 65 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Localitynot informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]).Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,22.382 o S–37.588 o W, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]; 100 mdepth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). São PauloState: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas,Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Belize,Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels,1953; Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest,1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado,2002; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: The precise localities of the collection sites in Brazil(Abrolhos Archipelago, Santo Antonio Seamount, VitóriaSeamount) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976). Theywere obtained through the labels of specimens YPM8953, 8955, 8965 and 8992 (as Verongia longissima).(2) Pinheiro et al. (2007) erroneously stated that theAlmirante Saldanha Seamount is in Espírito Santo State.K Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,2007Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro et al., 2007: 30.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3528.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Prado (Corumbaudistrict).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Prado(Corumbau, 8 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)173

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaSpongia fistularis Pallas, 1766: 385.Aplysina fistularis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 422; Topsent, 1932:71; van Soest, 1978: 55; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211;Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado,2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Bezerra & Coelho,2006: 701; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Pinheiro et al., 2007:10; Muricy et al., 2008: 117; Gandolfi et al., 2010: 1854;Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Silva etal., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fistularis sensu Muricy, 1989:351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 [= A. fulva]).Verongia fistularis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 17; de Laubenfels,1953: 515; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 21; Hechtel, 1965: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santoset al., 1999: 57.Verongia fistularis f. fistularis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 598 (Pinheiro etal., 2007).TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (Pinheiro et al., 2007).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago(10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 15 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010[genetics]). Prado (Corumbau; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Gandolfiet al., 2010 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). CearáState: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956[faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel,1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]).Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra daRisca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Recife(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b[checklist]). Off Recife (20 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), U.S.A.(Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965;Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Bermuda (de Laubenfels,1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützleret al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba(Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico, Cozumel, Colombia (SanAndres), Turks & Caicos, Curaçao (cf. Pinheiro et al.,2007).REMARKS: (1) The precise localities of the collection sitesin Pernambuco (Recife) and Bahia States (AbrolhosArchipelago) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976); theywere obtained through the labels of specimens YPM8990 and 8999. (2) It is uncertain if the record of Pallasis from Brazil or elsewhere in the West Atlantic, as heonly mentioned “Mare Americanum”. However, as theneotype was designated from Puerto Rico (Pinheiro etal., 2007), we assume it was collected in the Caribbean.K Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)Spongia fulva Pallas, 1766: 383.Verongia fulva, de Laubenfels, 1936: 22; Johnson, 1971: 105;Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos etal., 1999: 57.Verongia fistularis f. fulva, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.Aplysina fistularis fulva, van Soest, 1978: 57; Santos et al.,1999: 56 (non Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes deMoraes, 1987: 133 [= Aplysina caissara]).Aplysina fistularis forma fulva, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 66; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 134.Verongia sp. samples I-III, Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979:634 (cf. Kelecom, 1997: 326).Aplysina fistularis, Muricy, 1989: 351 [non Aplysina fistularis(Pallas, 1766)].Aplysina fulva, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Zea, 1987: 54;Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricy et al., 1991:1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:24; Secchin, 1995: 77; Zierer et al., 1995: 234; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santoset al., 1999: 56; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Pereira et al.,2002: 312; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 149; Santos et al.,2002b: 398; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,2004: 415; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528; Santos et al., 2004:590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Aiub etal., 2006: 34; Batista et al., 2006: 142; Moraes et al., 2006:166; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669; Muricy et al., 2006: 145;Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007d: 46;Pinheiro et al., 2007: 14; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Muricyet al., 2008: 118; Nuñez et al., 2008: 284; Hardoim etal., 2009: 3332; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Amaral et al.,2010: 27; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158;Silva et al., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes& Bastian, 1993: 24 [= Aiolochroia crassa]; non Aplysinafulva sensu Lerner, 1996: 115; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57[= Aplysina caissara]).Aplysina aff. cauliformis, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 154 (cf.Pinheiro et al., 2007).Aplysina sp., Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7975 (Pinheiro et al., 2007).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dosBúzios (Pinheiro et al., 2007).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed174

Taxonomic List(Amapá or Pará (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).Amapá State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver (02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 78 m depth; Mothes etal., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: AlagoasState: Maceió (Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).Marechal Deodoro (1 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Bahia State: Locality not informed(Muricy & Heim, 2007d [description]). Abrolhos(Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]; Parcel dasParedes, 10 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description];Abrolhos Archipelago, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Itacaré (Pinheiro &Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 15 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]). Itaparica (Coroa de Pedra, Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-4 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]). Nova Viçosa (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001[description]). Off Prado (Corumbau District; Calypsosta. 76, 16 o 47’S–38 o 53’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).Prado (Corumbau, 1-22 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Berlincket al., 2004 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Silvaet al., 2010 [chemistry]). Off Trancoso (REVIZEE sta.C-72, 16 o 34’01.55”S–38 o 46’18.20”W, Pinheiro & Hajdu,2001 [description]). Valença (Morro de São Paulo, 13m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarãoet al., 2010 [genetics]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 66,13 o 28’S–38 o 50’W, 37 m depth; Calypso sta. 67, 13 o 28’S–38 o 48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Ceará State: Off Beberibe (REVIZEENE sta. 208, 3 o 54.5172’S–37 o 38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth;sta. 210, 3 o 50.5598’S–37 o 37.6930’W, 166 m depth;Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro etal., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,1999 [checklist]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park,20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology];Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraeset al., 2006 [biogeography]; 12 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,2007 [description]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22, 8 o 15’S–34 o 42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 23, 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W,75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Amaralet al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]).Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro & Hajdu,2001 [description]). Tamandaré (Pinheiro & Hajdu,2001 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NEsta. 213, 4 o 38.7100’S–36 o 44.6629’W, 52 m depth; sta.215, 4 o 38.4941’S–36 o 42.9565’W, 77.5 m depth; Santoset al., 1999 [faunistics]; Urca do Tubarão, Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006[biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007d[description]). Guarapari (Kelecom & Kannengiesser,1979 [chemistry]; 20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W, Solé-Cava et al.,1981 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633 o S–40.025 o W, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy& Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Muricy & Heim, 2007d[description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382 o S–37.588 o W, 270 m depth,Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]). Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande; Secchin, 1995[faunistics]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Vilanovaet al., 2004 [ecology]; 2-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Lamarãoet al., 2010 [genetics]). Armação dos Búzios (Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-7 m depth, Aiub et al.,2006 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description];Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]; Hardoim et al., 2009[microbiology]; Vilanova et al., 2009 [biochemistry];Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva,1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al., 2002 [chemical ecology];Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Berlinck et al.,2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology];Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; 2-10 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008[chemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Cabo Frio(Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]). SãoPaulo State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,2006 [description]). Ilhabela (6-8 m depth, Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). São Sebastião (0.5-8 m depth; Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b[cytology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Pinheiroet al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry];Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Bahamas, U.S.A. (Florida),175

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaCuba, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Barbados, Belize,Curaçao, Bonaire, Panama (Wiedenmayer, 1977; vanSoest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk &van Soest, 1989; Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: It is uncertain if the record of Pallas is from Brazil orelsewhere in the Western Atlantic, as he only mentioned“Mare Americanum” (American Seas). However, asthe neotype was designated from Rio de Janeiro State(Pinheiro et al., 2007), we assumed it was collected in theSW Atlantic along the Brazilian coast.K Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)Luffaria insularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 64.Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977:64 (in part, only specimen B877; non A. fistularis (Pallas,1766); cf. Pinheiro et al., 2007).Aplysina fistularis insularis, van Soest, 1978: 56.Aplysina insularis, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 184; Pinheiro et al.,2007: 21 (non A. insularis sensu Zea, 1987).Aplysina insulares, Diaz, 2005: 468 (misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1475.TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Parcel das Paredes,15 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Salvador(Todos os Santos Bay, 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico,U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica, Saba Bank, Bonaire, Panama(Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978;Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Diaz, 2005).K Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro et al., 2007: 33; Muricy et al., 2008:120.Aplysina cf. lactuca, Silva et al., 2010: 889.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5477. Paratypes MNRJ 5276,5278.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos (AbrolhosArchipelago).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(Abrolhos Archipelago, 10 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007[original description]). Prado (Corumbau, 5 m depth;Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Salvador(Todos os Santos Bay; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]).CEARÁ State: Fortaleza (Parque Estadual da Pedra daRisca do Meio, 22 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)Spongia lacunosa Lamarck, 1814: 434.?Verongia tenuissima, Poléjaeff, 1884: 71.Verongia lacunosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515.Verongia sp. a sensu Hechtel, 1976: 239; Hechtel, 1983: 59.Aplysina lacunosa, Topsent, 1932: 70; Wiedenmayer, 1977:67; van Soest, 1978: 61; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea,1987: 59; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest,1998: 98; Rocha et al., 2000: 455; Alcolado, 2002: 71;Johnsson, 2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006:145; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;Muricy & Heim, 2007e: 47; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 25;Muricy et al., 2008: 121.Aplysina archeri sensu Lendenfeld, 1889: 413; Hajdu & Lopes,2007: 354 [non Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)].Verongia fistularis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Aplysinafistularis (Pallas, 1766); non Verongia fistularis sensuHechtel, 1976: 252].TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN unregistered(Wiedenmayer, 1977; Pinheiro et al., 2007).TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1932).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffMaragogi (Barra Grande, 730 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Bahia State: Locality notinformed (Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]).Abrolhos (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; CaliforniaReefs, Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Off Abrolhos(REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023 o S–37.365 o W, 53 mdepth; C5-7R, 16.117 o S–38.170 o W, 40 m depth; C5-16R, 18.059 o S–37.315 o W, 100 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Off Canavieiras (REVIZEE sta.C5-5R, 15.568 o S–38.830 o W, 20 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEEstations C2-15R, 18.023 o S–35.891 o W, 60 m depth; C5-14R, 17.800 o S–35.875 o W, 60 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEEsta. C2-10R, 17.098 o S–36.752 o W, 50 m depth; Muricyet al., 2006 [faunistics]). Porto Seguro (50 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Prado (Corumbau,2 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). RodgersSeamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-10R, 17.103 o S–36.741 o W,50 m depth, Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; 40-50 mdepth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Ceará State:Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]). Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio StatePark, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Rocha et al., 2000[ecology]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976[zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Localitynot informed (Rocha et al., 2000 [ecology]). PotiguarBasin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]. Southeast176

Taxonomic ListRegion: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed(Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]). Off Guarapari(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633 o S–40.025 o W, 53.5 m depth;Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Itaúnas (REVIZEEsta. C2-18R, 18.594 o S–37.913 o W, 65 m depth; Muricyet al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta.C6-A1, 19.732 o S–38.365 o W, 72.3 m depth; Muricy etal., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain(REVIZEE stations C2-22R, 20.511 o S–35.838 o W, 59 mdepth; C2-29R, 19.800 o S–37.773 o W, 58 m depth; C5-21R,20.704 o S–35.704 o W, 57.5 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808 o S–37.939 o W, 60 m depth; C5-45R, 20.678 o S–34.584 o W, 108m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,2007 [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba,Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Curaçao,Panama, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1953;Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;Zea, 1987; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert &van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005).REMARKS: (1) The record of Poléjaeff (1884, as Verongiatenuissima) was from “off Barra Grande”, a beach inMaragogi, Alagoas State. (2) The precise localities ofthe records of Hechtel (1976) from Recife and Abrolhoswere not stated by him; they were inferred from thelabels of specimens YPM IZ 8990 and 8999, respectively.(3) Pinheiro & Hajdu (2001) synonymized with somehesitation the Brazilian records of Aplysina archeri to A.lacunosa.K Aplysina lingua Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007Aplysina lingua Pinheiro et al., 2007: 35.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5476. Paratype MNRJ 5469.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(Parcel das Paredes, 10-18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007Aplysina sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003:124.Aplysina sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro et al., 2007: 36; Ferreira et al.,2007: 314; Moraes, 2009: 359; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6196. Paratypes MNRJ 2139,2168, 2173 (Fig. 15E), 6195, 6197-6205, 6364, 6663.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza(Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreiraet al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas (3-15 m depth; Moraes et al.,2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Moraes, 2009[ecology]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,2007Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro et al., 2007: 39.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4651.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Belmonte(16 o 07’30”S–38 o 10’52”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte (16 o 07’30”S–38 o 10’52”W, 40 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983Verongia sp. b., Hechtel, 1976: 253.Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983: 61; Santos et al.,2002b: 398.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9004 (Fig. 15F). ParatypeYPM 9005.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife (5 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description];Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: Pinheiro et al. (2007) considered with hesitationthis species as valid and suggested that it could be amorphotype of Aplysina fulva.K Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,2007Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro et al., 2007: 41.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5478. Paratypes MNRJ 4581,4665, 5461.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos(18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).Off Boipeba (55 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Off Canavieiras (15 o 34.08’S–038 o 49.81’W,20 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).Royal Charlotte Seamount (40 m depth, Pinheiro etal., 2007 [original description]). Ceará State: CanoaQuebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [originaldescription]). Pernambuco State: Recife (20 m depth,177

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo state: Off Vitória (50 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (108 m depth, Pinheiro etal., 2007 [original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007Aplysina sp., Kossuga et al., 2007: 44.Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro et al., 2007: 44; Ferreira et al.,2007: 314; Silva et al., 2010: 889.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4173 (Fig. 15G). ParatypeMNRJ 2578.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador(Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiroet al., 2007 [original description]; Silva et al., 2010[chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (22 m depth,Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Pedra daRisca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,2007 [pharmacology]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.E Verongula Verrill, 1907Type species: Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875 (by subsequentdesignation; de Laubenfels, 1936).K Verongula gigantea (Hyatt, 1875)Aplysina gigantea Hyatt, 1875: 405.Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875: 405.Aplysina compressa Carter, 1882a: 270.Verongula gigantea, Verrill, 1907: 332; Wiedenmayer, 1977:76; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:98; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Moraeset al., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Hajdu & Costa,2007a: 48; Ehrlich et al., 2010: 1463.Fasciospongia compressa Alcolado, 1976: 3.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MCZ 7004, 7031.TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck etal., 2004 [chemistry]). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Locality not informed (Hajdu & Costa, 2007a[description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-12R, 17.042 o S–37.608 o W, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075 o S–38.392 o W, 90 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santostate: Locality not informed (Granato et al., 2005[chemistry]; Hajdu & Costa, 2007a [description]). OffPiúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849 o S–40.167 o W, 75 mdepth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Trindade Island(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C5-49R, 20.519 o S–29.351 o W, 57 m depth; Muricy et al.,2006 [faunistics]; Ehrlich et al., 2010 [biochemistry]).Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402 o S–39.923 o W,50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE stations C2-33R,20.584 o S–38.082 o W, 55 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857 o S–33.643 o W, 65 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704 o S–35.704 o W, 57.5m depth; C5-23R, 20.487 o S–36.103 o W, 55 m depth; C5-24R, 20.347 o S–36.642 o W, 55 m depth; C5-33R, 20.573 o S–38.059 o W, 55 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857 o S–33.636 o W, 65m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Hyatt, 1875; Wiedenmayer,1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba(Alcolado, 1976, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).CLASS HEXACTINELLIDA SCHMIDT, 1870For synonyms see Reiswig (2002a).SUBCLASS AMPHIDISCOPHORA SCHULZE, 1886ORDER AMPHIDISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1924For synonyms see Reiswig (2002b).Family Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3E Hyalonema Gray, 1832For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).Type species: Hyalonema sieboldi Gray, 1835 (by monotypy).P Hyalonema (Coscinonema) Ijima, 1927For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).Type species: Hyalonema (Coscinonema) kirkpatricki Ijima,1927 (by original designation).K Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti Schulze, 1899Hyalonema schmidti Schulze, 1899: 6; Mello-Leitão et al.,1961: 4; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti, Tabachnick et al., 2009:1243.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes USNM 7561, 7562.TYPE LOCALITY: West of Montserrat (16 o 54’N–63 o 12’W) andBrazil: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: OffFortaleza (3 o 22’S–37 o 49’W, 763 m depth; Schulze,1899 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961[checklist]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Montserrat (Schulze,1899).178

Taxonomic ListP Hyalonema (Cyliconema) Ijima, 1927For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).Type species: Hyalonema (Cyliconema) apertum Schulze, 1886(by original designation).K Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick,Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick et al., 2009:1244.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 10093. Paratypes MNRJ3342, MNHN.H.CL 1500 (KT fr387).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin(22 o 20’58.676”S–39 o 59’17.914”W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffValença (13 o 22.173’S–038 o 36.566’W, 750 m depth;Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain (20 o 26.39’S–36 o 41.66’W, 750 mdepth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]).Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (22 o 20’58.676”S–39 o 59’17.914”W, 850 m depth (Tabachnick et al., 2009[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection sites off Valençaand in Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain werededuced from those originally published (13 o 22’173”S–38 o 36’566”W and 20 o 26’39”S–36 o 41’66”W, respectively;Tabachnick et al., 2009), which are obviously wrong.P Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld, 1915For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).Type species: Hyalonema (Prionema) agujanum Lendenfeld,1915 (by subsequent designation; Ijima, 1927).K Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick,Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick et al., 2009:1245.TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 1507 (KT fr335).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (18 o 58’S–37 o 49’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (18 o 58’S–37 o 49’W,600-637 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Pheronema Leidy, 1868For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b).Type species: Pheronema annae Leidy, 1868 (by monotypy).K Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)Holtenia carpenteri Thomson, 1869: 120; du Bocage, 1871:69.Pheronema grayi Kent, 1870: 182; Topsent, 1892a: 29;Topsent, 1904b: 29; Arnesen, 1920: 12; Vacelet, 1960: 259;Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 19.Pheronema carpenteri, Kent, 1870: 243; Gray, 1870: 310;Marshall, 1876: 130; Schulze, 1886: 64; Schulze, 1887:241; Schulze, 1893: 532; Schulze, 1904: 50; Burton, 1928b:14; Burton, 1954: 217; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007: 355.TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.4.10.20. ParalectotypeBMNH 1890.4.10.19.TYPE LOCALITY: Faroe Islands, off NW Scotland.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffMaceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1887[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1904), NWof Scotland (Thomson, 1869), Ireland, Portugal (duBocage, 1871; Kent, 1870), Azores (Topsent, 1892a), NAfrica, Canary Islands (Arnesen, 1920), Mediterranean(Vacelet, 1960), Alboran Sea, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf(Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b).REMARKS: Reiswig & Champagne (1995) suggested that theBrazilian fragments should be referred to as Pheronemasp., pending their careful re-examination for moreinformed placement. According to Tabachnick (2002b)the specimens of P. carpenteri collected off Brazil anddescribed by Schulze (1887) may be a new species, butthey still wait for revision.SUBCLASS HEXASTEROPHORA SCHULZE, 1886ORDER HEXACTINOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1903For synonyms see Reiswig (2002c).Family Aphrocallistidae Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Reiswig (2002d).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3(1 recent + 2 fossil)E Aphrocallistes Gray, 1858For synonyms see Reiswig (2002d).Type species: Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858 (by monotypy).K Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858179

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaAphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858: 114; Arnesen, 1920: 10;Ijima, 1927: 286; Schulze, 1887: 305; Burton, 1954: 218;Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 28; Reiswig, 2002d: 1283;Lopes et al., 2005: 45; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Lopes,2007a: 49.Iphiteon beatrix, Bowerbank, 1869: 75.Aphrocallistes bocagei Wright, 1870: 4.Aphrocallistes ramosus Schulze, 1886: 75; Schulze, 1887: 319.Aphrocallistes beatrix orientalis Ijima, 1916: 173.Aphrocallistes jejuensis Sim & Kim, 1988: 29.TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1842.11.30.12.TYPE LOCALITY: India: Malacca.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Off Linhares (19º50’S–38º20’W to 20º04’S–38º27’W,659-675m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-20F, 19.296ºS–37.954ºW, 500 m depth; Lopes et al., 2005 [description];Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007[checklist]; Lopes, 2007a [description]). Rio de Janeirostate: Off Mangaratiba (REVIZEE Central, RJ II cruise,sta. 9, 24.365ºS–43.602ºW, 640 m depth; Lopes et al.,2005 [description]; Lopes, 2007a [description]; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic (Topsent, 1892a), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b), Caribbean(Schmidt, 1880), NW Pacific (Schulze, 1887), Indonesia(Ijima, 1916), India (Gray, 1858; Reiswig, 2002d).REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated thatAphrocallistes beatrix was collected in REVIZEE sta.C2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount; cf. Lopes et al.,2005; Lopes, 2007a; Vieira et al., 2010).†Fossil AphrocallistidaeK †Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ottd’Estevou et al., 1981Aphrocallistes sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316.Lefroyella sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316.Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ott d’Estevou etal., 1981: 64; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira &Fernandes, 1997: 23.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed).TYPE LOCALITY: Sorbas, Spain (Tortonian period).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João dePirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &Fernandes, 1997 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Ott d’Estevou et al.,1981; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986).K †Aphrocallistes lobata (Pomel, 1872)Badinskia lobata Pomel, 1872: 85.Aphrocallistes lobata, Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira& Fernandes, 1997: 23.TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.TYPE LOCALITY: SE Spain (Tortonian period).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João dePirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &Fernandes, 1997 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Pomel, 1872; Brimaud &Vachard, 1986).Family Dactylocalycidae Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Reiswig (2002e).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Dactylocalyx Stutchbury, 1841For synonyms see Reiswig (2002e).Type species: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841 (bymonotypy).K Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841: 87; Gray, 1867a:506; Carter, 1873a: 357; Sollas, 1879: 123; Schulze, 1887:348; Reid, 1957: 821; Mothes de Moraes, 1977: 42; vanSoest & Stentoft, 1988: 10; Alcolado, 2002: 55; Reiswig,2002e: 1296; Mothes et al., 2003: 63; Lopes et al., 2005:50; Mothes et al., 2006c: 58; Muricy et al., 2006: 145;Lopes, 2007b: 50; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira etal., 2010: 21.Dactylocalyx ingalli Bowerbank, 1869: 78.Dactylocalyx pumiceus stutchburyi Sollas, 1879: 131.Dactylocalyx subglobosus, Schmidt, 1880: 53; Schulze, 1887:349 (non Dactylocalyx subglobosus Gray, 1867a).Diplacodium mixtum Schmidt, 1880: 57.TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1867.2.19.1 (dry).TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-37F,22.376ºS–37.659ºW, 552 m depth, Lopes et al., 2005[description]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Lopes,2007b [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffMostardas (31º14’S–49º35’W, 165-188 m depth; Mothesde Moraes, 1977 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). OffTramandaí (30º25’S–48º48’W, 30 o 15’S–48 o 32’W, 165-188 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1977 [description];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988;Reiswig, 2002e), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated thatDactylocalyx pumiceus was collected in REVIZEE sta.180

Taxonomic ListC2-20F (off Linhares, Espírito Santo State) instead ofC2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Rio de JaneiroState; cf. Lopes et al., 2005; Lopes, 2007b; Vieira et al.,2010).Family Euretidae Zittel, 1877For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2Subfamily Euretinae Zittel, 1877For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).E Eurete Semper, 1868For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).Type species: Eurete simplicissima Semper, 1868 (bymonotypy).K Eurete atlantica Lopes, Hajdu & Reiswig, 2007Eurete atlantica Lopes et al., 2007: 244; Lopes, 2010a: 60.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7330A (Fig. 15H).TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeirostate: Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W,end 22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W), 1128-1135 m depth(Lopes et al., 2007 [original description]; Lopes, 2010a[description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.Subfamily Chonelasmatinae Schrammen, 1912For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).E Chonelasma Schulze, 1886For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).Type species: Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886 (by subsequentdesignation; Ijima, 1927).K Chonelasma choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886: 76 (in part); Schulze,1887: 321 (in part); Barthel & Tendal, 1994: 61 (in part).Chonelasma sp., Schulze, 1887: 326.Chonelasma lamella choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910:302; Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1911: 48.Hexactinella grimaldii Burton, 1928b: 16 (in part).Chonelasma choanoides, Reid, 1963: 226; Reid, 1964: 99;Reiswig & Mehl, 1994: 156; Janussen et al., 2004: 1860;Lopes et al., 2007: 246; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008: 26;Lopes, 2010b: 58.Chonelasma aff. choanoides sensu Muricy et al., 2006: 132.TYPE SPECIMENS: Paralectotypes BMNH 1910.10.28.45,1910.10.28.46, 1910.10.28.48, ZMH S-2938 (2 specimens,labeled “co-types”).TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (off Wilhelm II Land).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed (Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: CamposBasin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end 22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W; start 22º16.304’S–39º53.360’W,end 22º13.124’S–39º52.223’W; start 22º24.419’S–39º55.556’W, end 22º21.438’S–39º53.559’W; start22º23.943’S–39º54.679’W, end 22º20.922’S–39º52.915’W, 1059-1152 m depth; Lopes et al., 2007[description]; Lopes, 2010b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctic (Barthel & Tendal, 1994;Janussen et al., 2004), North Atlantic (Burton, 1928;Tabachnick & Collins, 2008), Southwestern Atlantic,Caribbean and South Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1886,1887).Family Farreidae Gray, 1872aFor synonyms see Reiswig (2002f).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E Farrea Bowerbank, 1862For synonyms see Reiswig (2002f).Type species: Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b (by monotypy).K Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862Euplectella cucumer Owen, 1857 (in part): pl. 21, figs 9–9a;Bowerbank, 1862a: pl. 32, fig. 7 (non Bowerbank, 1862a,pl. 28, fig. 11).Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b: 1118; Carter, 1873a: 445;Carter, 1885e: 388; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 27;Reiswig, 2002f: 1337; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010a: 62.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1466.TYPE LOCALITY: Comoro (SW Indian Ocean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W, 1128-1135 m depth; Lopes &Hajdu, 2010a [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan, with records in the NEAtlantic (e.g. Kent, 1870; Burton 1954; Boury-Esnault,1994b), Caribbean, W Pacific (Schulze, 1887), SouthwestIndian Ocean (Bowerbank, 1862b; Reiswig, 2002f), andNE Pacific (Reiswig & Mehl, 1991).REMARKS: The species currently contains nine subspecies inaddition to the typical form (Reiswig, 2002f). The bodyform of the Brazilian specimens (although fragmented)is the tube branching pattern of the typical form, F. occaocca.181

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaORDER LYCHNISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1902For synonyms see Reiswig (2002g).†Fossil LYCHNISCOSIDA†Family Becksiidae Schrammen, 1912TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1E †Manzonia Giattini, 1910Type species: Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910 (by subsequentdesignation; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986).K †Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910: 59; Moret, 1924: 20;Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 428.Manzonia aprudina, Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997: 23(misspelling).TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed).TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Rocca Morice (Langhian-Serravallian).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João dePirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &Fernandes, 1997 [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain (Middle Oligocene), Italy (Miocene;Brimaud & Vachard, 1986; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997).ORDER LYSSACINOSIDA ZITTEL, 1877For synonyms see Reiswig (2002h).Family Euplectellidae Gray, 1867aFor synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2Subfamily Bolosominae Tabachnick, 2002aFor synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).E Saccocalyx Schulze, 1895For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).Type species: Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895 (bymonotypy).K Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895Saccocalyx pedunculata Schulze, 1895: 53; Tabachnick & Lévi,2004: 37; Lopes, 2010c: 68.?Nubicaulus careyi Reiswig, 1999: 503.Saccocalyx pedunculatus, Tabachnik, 2002a: 1409.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1908.09.24.017. ParatypeBMNH 1907.08.01.013.TYPE LOCALITY: Bay of Bengal (N Indian Ocean).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state:Campos Basin (start 22°30.727’S–40°00.942’W, end22°28.725’S–39°58.610’W, 1107-1141 m depth; Lopes,2010c).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Central North Atlantic, Indo-West Pacificand Antarctica (Tabachnick, 2002a).Subfamily Euplectellinae Schulze, 1886For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).E Euplectella Owen, 1841For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).Type species: Euplectella aspergillum Owen, 1841 (bymonotypy).K Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877: 138; Milne-Edwards,1881: 871; Schulze, 1886: 37; Schulze, 1887: 73; Topsent,1892a: 24; Schulze, 1904: 9; Topsent, 1904b: 38; Topsent,1928: 72; Arnesen, 1932: 5; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4;Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 31; Santos et al., 2002b: 399;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008:29; Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1248; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010b:66.TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.10.20.013,1887.10.20.014.TYPE LOCALITY: Spain: Gibraltar Strait.BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: OffMaceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1886[faunistics]; Schulze, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitãoet al., 1961 [checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Southeast Region:Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain (19 o 00’S–39 o 47’W, 790-900 m depth; Tabachnicket al., 2009 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state:Campos Basin (start 21 o 48.839’S–39 o 48.112’W, end21 o 45.433’S–39 o 48.857’W, 1598-1620 m depth; Lopes &Hajdu, 2010b [description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Azores (Topsent, 1892a, 1904b, 1928),Mediterranean (Milne-Edwards, 1881), Morocco(Topsent, 1928), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault,1994b).REMARKS: The locality of collection in Alagoas State wasreported erroneously by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961),Santos et al. (2002b) and Hajdu & Lopes (2007) as beingin Pernambuco State.Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b).TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2Subfamily Lanuginellinae Schulze, 1897182

Taxonomic ListFor synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b).E Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887For synonyms see Menshenina et al. (2007).Type species: Rossella philippinensis Gray, 1872b (bymonotypy).K Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina, Tabachnick,Lopes & Hajdu, 2007Lophocalyx sp. n., Tabachnick, 2002b: 1500.Lophocalyx sp. nov. 1, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina et al., 2007: 459;Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1243.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 598. ParatypesMNHN.H.CL 599-605.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (23 o 46’S–42 o 09’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (23 o 46’S–42 o 09’W,597–610 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007 [originaldescription]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.K Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina, Tabachnick, Lopes& Hajdu, 2007Lophocalyx sp. nov. 2, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina et al., 2007: 460.TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3339C. Paratypes MNRJ3339A, 3339B, 3339D, 3339E, 3339G, 3339i.TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador(13º17.580’S–38º17.599’W).BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Bahia State: Off Salvador (13 o 17.580’S–38º17.599’W, 1717 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007[original description]).WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.183

III. RECORDS identified ONLY to genus level or higherThis list includes all records published as affinis (“aff.”),confer (“cf.”) and species (“sp.”). As these records werenot identified to species, we have separated them andused a simpler format with less information than in themain list of valid species. The records below representa large element of uncertainty about the compositionof the Brazilian sponge fauna, and indicate the need ofmore detailed taxonomic studies. In the few cases inwhich the records were posteriorly identified to species,the currently accepted identification is included withinbrackets [= Genus species].AAaptos aff. aaptos: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Bombinhas. (Mothes & Lerner, 1994)Aaptos sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos,off Boipeba, Salvador. Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Guarapari, Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. São Paulo State: Ilhabela, São Sebastião.South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality notinformed. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001;Coutinho et al., 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006;Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006;Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghimet al., 2007)Acanthanchora sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007)Acanthella sp.: State not informed (Bahia, EspíritoSanto or Rio de janeiro). Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim etal., 2007)Acanthotetilla sp. [= Acanthotetilla rocasensis]:Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State:Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)Acarnus sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Itaúnas. (Muricy et al., 2006)Acervochalina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. South Region: Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005; Andréaet al., 2007)Adocia sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Maggs et al.,1979)Adocia sp. [= Rhizochalina nodulosa; cf. Hechtel, 1983]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife.(Hechtel, 1976)Agelas sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos,off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Salvador,off Trancoso. Ceará State: Fortaleza. PernambucoState: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Linhares,Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. South Region:Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed.(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al.,2006; Silva et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al.,2009)Aiolochroia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador,off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Riode Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.(Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Amorphinopsis sp. [= Amorphinopsis atlantica; cf.Carvalho et al., 2004]: Southeast Region: São PauloState: São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Rangel etal., 2001)Amorphinopsis sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Southeast Region: State not informed.Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Prado et al.,2004; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)Amphilectus sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Off Macaé. South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro etal., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006)Amphimedon aff. complanata: Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007)Amphimedon aff. compressa [= Amphimedoncompressa]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar Basin.(Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008)Amphimedon sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera; cf.Pinheiro et al., 2005]: Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro State: Niterói. São Paulo State: Ilhabela.(Rangel et al., 2001)Amphimedon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Locality not informed, Salvador. Ceará State:Trairí. Maranhão State: São Luís. PernambucoState: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:State not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraialdo Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Jimenezet al., 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Hajdu & Costa,184

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher2007a; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007;Farrapeira, 2010)Amphimedon sp. [= Amphimedon compressa]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago, Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Santos et al., 2002b)Amphoriscus sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy& Silva, 1999)Ancorinidae [family, genus undetermined]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.(Santos et al., 2002a; Muricy et al., 2006)Aphrocallistes aff. beatrix: Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.(Tabachnick et al., 2009)Aplysilla sp.: Southeast Region: State not informed.São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001;Prado et al., 2004)Aplysina aff. cauliformis: Northeast Region: BahiaState: Off Boipeba, off Salvador. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Vitória, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Aplysina aff. cauliformis [= Aplysina fulva]: SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Pinheiro& Hajdu, 2001)Aplysina cf. fulva: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffCanavieiras. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Off São Francisco deItabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes,2007)Aplysina cf. lactuca [= Aplysina lactuca]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. (Silva et al., 2010)Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina muricyana]: Northeast Region:Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas.(Moraes et al., 2003; Neves & Omena, 2003)Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina fulva]: Northeast Region: SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Vaske-Júnior,2010)Aplysina sp.: Northeast Region: State not informed.Bahia State: Locality not informed, off Abrolhos,off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, HotspurSeamount, off Ilhéus, Nova Viçosa, RodgersSeamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. PernambucoState: Off Recife. Rio Grande do Norte State:Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount, Arraial do Cabo. São PauloState: São Sebastião. (Johnsson, 2000; Feitoza etal., 2005; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;Kossuga et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Muricyet al., 2008; Lira et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2010)Aplysinidae [family, genus undetermined]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Boipeba. Ceará State:Fortaleza. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Riode Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.(Muricy et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007)Arenosclera sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed. (Silva et al., 2006)cf. Arenosclera sp.: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraeset al., 2006)Artemisina aff. melana: Southeast Region: São pauloState: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995)Artemisina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.South Region: Santa Catarina State: ArvoredoIsland, Bombinhas (Galé Island), Garopaba.(Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Andréa et al., 2007)Asteropus sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al.,2006)Astropeplus sp. [= Jaspis sp.]: South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973)Astrophorida [order, genus unidentified]: SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghimet al., 2007)Astylinifer sp. [= Acheliderma sp.]: South Region: RioGrande do Sul State: Locality not informed.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973)Auletta sp.: State not informed. (Hechtel, 1976;Muricy et al., 2006)Aulospongus sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião. South Region: Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed, off Laguna, off BalneárioArroio do Silva. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes,2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Axinella aff. corrugata: Southeast Region: São PauloState: São Sebastião. South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 1999;Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006)Axinella aff. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: Statenot informed. Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Laport et al.,2009)Axinella cf. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Lira et al.,2007)Axinella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed. Ceará State: Fortaleza. PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast185

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaRegion: State not informed. Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São PauloState: São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed. (Carter, 1890;Johnson, 1971; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Santoset al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002b; Prado et al., 2004;Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghimet al., 2007)cf. Axinella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: OffGuarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004)Axinellidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,off Boipeba, off Canavieiras. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, offLinhares, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount, off Macaé, off São Francisco deItabapoana. São Paulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel etal., 2001; Muricy et al., 2006)Axynissa sp.: Southeast Region: State not informed.(Prado et al., 2004)BBatzella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy &Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,2006)Biemna sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973)Bubaris sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Locality not informed. São Paulo State: OffGuarujá. South Region: Santa Catarina State:Off Criciúma. Rio Grande do Sul State: Localitynot informed, off Tavares. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)cCacospongia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Potiguar Basin, off Touros. São Pedroe São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Santos et al., 1999;Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy etal., 2008)Calcarea [class, subclass unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Hotspur Seamount, Salvador.Ceará State: Off Beberibe. Southeast Region: SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2002a;Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Calcaronea [subclass, order unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, offTrancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.(Muricy et al., 2006)Calcinea [subclass, order unidentified]: SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Callyspongia aff. diffusa: Northeast Region: Ceará State:Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)Callyspongia sp.: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Abrolhos,off Belmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador, offSalvador. Ceará State: near Camocim.Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaAchipelago, Tamandaré. Southeast Region: Statenot informed. Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares,Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São PauloState: Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956;Eston et al., 1986; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995;Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999;Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999; Rangelet al., 2001; Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002a,b;Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004;Ferreira et al., 2006; Gray et al., 2006; Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Callyspongia sp. [= Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli;cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Abrolhos Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976, 1983)Callyspongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Salvador, offTrancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Cervicornia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007)Chalina sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. (Carter, 1890)Chalinidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Royal CharlotteSeamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, offLinhares, off Piúma, Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount, Arraial do Cabo, Macaé. (Ferreira et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)Chalinula sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:186

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherFernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003,2006)Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago.Southeast Region: State not informed (Rio deJaneiro or São Paulo). São Paulo State: SãoSebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004;Moraes et al., 2006)Chelonaplysilla sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: São PauloState: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos etal., 2002a; Seleghim et al., 2007)Chondrilla aff. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. CearáState: Trairí. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Custódio et al., 2002; Moraes etal., 2003; Jimenez et al., 2004; Santos et al., 2004;Muricy et al., 2006; Cavalcanti et al., 2007; Cedroet al., 2007)Chondrilla cf. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. (Klautau et al., 1994)Chondrilla sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.(Seleghim et al., 2007)Chondrilla sp. B [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. (Vilanova et al., 2007)Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D [= Chondrilla nuculacomplex]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Armação dos Búzios, Arraial do Cabo, Itacuruçá. SãoPaulo State: Ubatuba (Picinguaba). South Region:Paraná State: Ilha do Mel. (Klautau et al., 1999)Chondrilla spp. 3-4 [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. SãoPaulo State: Ubatuba. (Zilberberg et al., 2006)Chondrosia aff. reniformis: Southeast Region: São PauloState: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2004)Chondrosia sp. [= Chondrosia collectrix]: NortheastRegion: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago.(Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b)Chondrosia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed, off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador.Pernambuco State: Recife. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Locality not informed,Guarapari. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality notinformed, Angra dos Reis, Armação dos Búzios,Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State:Locality not informed, São Sebastião. (Muricy etal., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Lazoski et al., 2001;Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006;Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Chonelasma aff. choanoides [= Chonelasma choanoides]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality notinformed. (Muricy et al., 2006)?Cinachyra sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956)Cinachyra sp.: State not informed. SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount, off Ilha Grande. São Paulo State:Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricyet al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Cinachyra sp. [= Cinachyra helena]: Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al.,2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Cinachyrella aff. alloclada: Northeast Region: BahiaState: Off Abrolhos, off Trancoso. (Muricy et al.,2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Cinachyrella aff. apion: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Abrolhos, off Canavieiras, off Trancoso (Muricyet al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Cinachyrella aff. kuekenthali: Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, HotspurSeamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, RodgersSeamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, offLinhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Riode Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.(Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Cinachyrella sp.: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Salvador.Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro.(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al.,2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Marinho et al., 2010)Ciocalapata sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al.,2006)Ciocalypta sp. [= Ciocalypta alba; cf. Carvalho et al.,2003]: State not informed. Southeast Region: SãoPaulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Muricyet al., 2006)Cladothenea sp.: South Region: Rio Grande doSul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-187

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaRibeiro et al., 1973)Clathria sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador.Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago.Southeast Region: State not informed. EspíritoSanto State: Trindade Island, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraialdo Cabo, Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro. São PauloState: Locality not informed, off Iguape, SãoSebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed, Bombinhas (Deserta Island).(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Rocha, 1995; Hajduet al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Ferreira et al.,2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006, 2008;Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghimet al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010g,h; Vaske-Júnior,2010)Clathria (Thalysias) cf. venosa: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy &Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b)Clathrina sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas. São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State:Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State:Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (Johnson, 1971; Maggs etal., 1979; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Rangel et al.,2001; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006;Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007;Ignacio et al., 2010)Cliona sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Camaçari, Salvador. MaranhãoState: São Luís. Pernambuco State: Locality notinformed. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Localitynot informed, off Iguape, São Sebastião. SouthRegion: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande.Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed.(Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1993, 2006;Costa et al., 2000; Santos et al., 2002a; Motheset al., 2003, 2006c [as Cliona sp. 1]; Hajdu et al.,2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al.,2007; Laport et al., 2009)Cliona sp. 2: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Off Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c)Cliona cf. celata [= Cliona celata complex]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy& Moraes, 1998)Cliona cf. delitrix: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Off Recife. (Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al.,2010)Clionidae [family, genus unidentified] [= Clionaidae]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Minerva Seamount.Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Linhares,Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)Coelosphaeridae [family, genus unidentified]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréaet al., 2007)Corvospongilla sp.: Midwest Region: Mato Grosso doSul State: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. (Parolinet al., 2008)Corallistes sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973)Craniella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Locality not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: OffSão João da Barra. South Region: Paraná State:Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004;Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Crella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. São Pedroe São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State:Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)cf. Crella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al.,2006)Cyamon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.(Andréa et al., 2007)Cydonium sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973)DDactylocalyx aff. subglobosus: Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. (Tabachnick et al., 2009)Dactylocalyx sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. South188

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherRegion: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality notinformed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Tabachnicket al., 2009)Darwinella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas. Rio de JaneiroState: Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio deJaneiro. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Monteiro& Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricyet al., 2006; Calderón et al., 2007; Seleghim et al.,2007)Darwinella cf. viscosa [record not valid, based on anunpublished academic work]: Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba. (Junqueira et al.,2004)Demospongiae [class, order unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Porto de Galinhas.Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dosReis, Niterói. (Secchin, 1995; Xavier et al., 2008;Lira et al., 2009)Desmacella aff. pumilio: Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro State: Campos Basin. São Paulo State: OffIlhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;Cosme & Hajdu, 2010i)Desmacella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio deJaneiro State: Locality not informed, off Camposdos Goytacazes. São Paulo State: Locality notinformed, off Guarujá. South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed. SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed. (Hajdu etal., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Desmacellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Belmonte, off Salvador. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas,off Linhares, off Vitória. Rio de Janeiro State:Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Muricyet al., 2006)Desmanthidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba.Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: OffAracruz, off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)Desmanthus sp. [= Desmanthus meandroides]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006)Desmapsamma sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007)Desmoxyidae [family, genus unidentified] [=Heteroxyidae]: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, MinervaSeamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Dictyonella sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State:Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Ferreira etal., 2007)Dictyonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, offLinhares. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount, off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)Didiscus sp. [= Didiscus oxeata; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Locality not informed. (Hechtel, 1976; Muricy etal., 2006)Dragmacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Guarapari, off Linhares, off Piúma. Rio deJaneiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, offSão Francisco de Itabapoana. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes,2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)cf. Dragmacidon sp.: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004)Dragmaxia aff. undata: Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Marataízes. (Muricy et al., 2006)Dragmaxia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)Dysidea aff. nigra: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)Dysidea sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Boipeba, Salvador. PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Recife,off Recife, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956;Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy & Moraes,1998; Rangel et al., 2001; Santos et al., 2002b;Moraes et al., 2003; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghimet al., 2007; Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010;Gandolfi et al., 2010)Dysideidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. Espírito Santo189

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaState: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)Dysidex cf. janiae [misspelling; = Dysidea cf. janiae]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: SepetibaBay. (Ignacio et al., 2010)EEchinodictyum sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroidesHechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Paulista. (Hechtel,1976)Echinodictyum sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazonriver. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Seleghim et al., 2007)Echinostylinos sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Campos Basin. (Cosme & Hajdu, 2010j)?Ecionemia sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al.,2006)Ectyoplasia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality notinformed. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Seleghim etal., 2007)Erylus aff. formosus: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricyet al., 2006)Erylus cf. formosus [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region:São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Edwards &Lubbock, 1983b)Erylus sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte,off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, offSalvador, off Trancoso. Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, offGuarapari, off Linhares, off Trindade Island, offVitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio deJaneiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, offCampos dos Goytacazes. South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricyet al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,2007)Erylus sp. nov. [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region: SãoPedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Moraes et al.,2006)Esperiopsis sp. [= Esperiopsis bathyalis]: SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu etal., 2004)Eunapius sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió.(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990)Euretidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. (Muricy et al., 2006)cf. Eurypon sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river.Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré.(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Santos et al., 2002b [as Eurypon sp.])Euspongia sp. [= Spongia sp.]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaAchipelago. (Carter, 1890)FFarrea sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Campos Basin. (Tabachnick et al., 2009;Lopes, 2010d)Fasciospongia sp., cf. turgida: North Region: State notinformed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of theAmazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)Fibulia aff. bermuda [= Strongylacidon aff. bermuda]:Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza.(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer basedon van Soest (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011).Forcepia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte. Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Off Trindade. São Paulo State: Locality notinformed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)GGastrophanella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Locality not informed, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al.,2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Gastrophanella sp. [= Gastrophanella cavernicola]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999)Geodia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay.São Paulo State: Locality not informed, offIlhabela, São Sebastião, off Ubatuba. (Carter, 1890;Santos et al., 2002a; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy etal., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010b; Ignacio et al., 2010)Geodia sp. [= Geodia papyracea]: Northeast Region:Bahia State: Locality not informed. (Burton, 1940)Geodia cf. papyracea [= Geodia papyracea]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy& Moraes, 1998)Geodiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast190

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount. (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy etal., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Grantia sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São PauloState: Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Muricy et al., 1991,2006; Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Guancha sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy &Silva, 1999)Guitarra sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião. South Region: Santa CatarinaState: Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005;Seleghim et al., 2007)Guitarra sp. [= Guitarra sepia]: South Region: SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed. (Monks etal., 2002)Guitarridae [family, genus unidentified]: SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. SãoPaulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Seleghimet al., 2007)HHadromerida [order, family unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Salvador. Ceará State: OffBeberibe. Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin. Southeast Region: State not informed.Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Santoset al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;Seleghim et al., 2007)Halichondria sp.: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State:Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza,Trairí. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed,Itamaracá, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do NorteState: Off Baía Formosa, Potiguar Basin, off Touros.São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, offIlhabela, off Ubatuba. (Johnson, 1971; Edwards &Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos etal., 1999, 2002a,b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Hajduet al., 2004; Jimenez et al., 2004; Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Halichondria sp. [= Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel,1983 = Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels,1934); cf. Diaz et al., 1993]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)Halichondrida [order, family unidentified]: SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacioet al., 2010)Halichondriidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, offCanavieiras, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus,Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, Salvador,off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, offLinhares, off Piúma, off São Mateus, off Vitória,Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé,off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al.,2006; Andréa et al., 2007)Haliclona aff. tubifera [= Haliclona (Reniera) aff.tubifera]: South Region: Santa catarina State:Locality not informed. (Monks et al., 2002)REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on deWeerdt (2000).Haliclona sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazonriver. Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Ponta Verde Reef). Bahia State: Salvador. CearáState: Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza.Pernambuco State: Locality not informed, Gaibu,Ipojuca, Itamaracá, Porto de Galinhas, Recife,Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro.São Paulo State: Locality not informed, offGuarujá, São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South Region: RioGrande do Sul State: Locality not informed, offChuí, off Tavares. Santa Catarina State: Localitynot informed, Bombinhas. (de Laubenfels, 1956;Johnson, 1971; Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977;Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995;Lerner, 1996 [as Haliclona tubifera, cf. de Weerdt,2000]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Hajdu et al., 1999;Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b,2010b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Sarmento &Correia, 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Mothes etal., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Hajdu et al., 2004; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Vilanova etal., 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al., 2009; Farrapeiraet al., 2009; Barradas et al., 2010; Farrapeira, 2010;Marinho et al., 2010)Halisarca sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:191

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaFernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al.,2006)Halme sp. [= Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) sp.]:Northeast Region: Ceará State: near Camocim. (deLaubenfels, 1956; Santos et al., 1999)Hamacantha sp. [= Hamacantha (Vomerula)microxifera]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)Haplosclerida [order, family unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Boipeba,Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State:Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião. (Maggs et al., 1979;Johnsson, 1998; Santos et al., 2002a; Breves-Ramoset al., 2005; Ferreira et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio etal., 2010; Marroig & Reis, 2010)Hemiasterellidae [family, genus unidentified]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos.Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: OffLinhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)Hemimycale sp.: Northeast Region: São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: State notinformed. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo,Rio de Janeiro. (Muricy et al., 1991, 1993; Muricy &Silva, 1999; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al.,2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Moraes, 2009)Heteromeyenia sp.: North Region: Tocantins State:Araguatins, Taquari River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro &Batista, 2007)Higginsia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)Hippospongia sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006)Hircinia sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. (Carter 1890)Holoxea sp.: State not informed (Bahia, EspíritoSanto or Rio de Janeiro). (Muricy et al., 2006)Holoxea sp. n. [= Asteropus niger]: Northeast Region:São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Moraes etal., 2006)Homosclerophorida [order, family unidentified]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Porto deGalinhas. (Lira et al., 2009)Hyalonema sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. SouthRegion: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Tabachnicket al., 2009)Hyattella sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State: OffBeberibe. Pernambuco State: Off Recife. RioGrande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin, offTouros. (Santos et al., 1999; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;Amaral et al., 2010)Hymedesmia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. South Region: RioGrande do Sul State: Off Tavares, off Chuí. SantaCatarina State: Arvoredo Island, Bombinhas (GaléIsland), off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2003,2004c, 2006c; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Moraes etal., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)cf. Hymedesmia sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006)Hymedesmiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Piúma. (Muricyet al., 2006)Hymeniacidon aff. dystacta: Northeast Region: CearáState: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila [= Hymeniacidonheliophila]: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: SãoSebastião. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001;Berlinck et al., 2004; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004)Hymeniacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Off Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. São PauloState: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,2007; Marroig & Reis, 2010)IIgernella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. (Eston et al.,1986 [as Irgernella (misspelling)]; Santos et al.,2002b)Inflatella sp. [= Oceanapia sp.]: North Region: Statenot informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth ofthe Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)Iophon sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973)Iotrochota sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, Salvador, off Salvador. (Muricy et al.,2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Iotrochotidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast192

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al.,2006)Ircinia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Ceará State:Locality not informed, off Beberibe. PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas, PotiguarBasin. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State:Locality not informed. South Region: Rio Grandedo Sul State: Locality not informed, off Tavares.Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Eston et al., 1986;Santos et al., 1999, 2002b; Rocha et al., 2000; Motheset al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006, Hajdu & Lopes,2007; Paiva et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Irciniidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, HotspurSeamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, RodgersSeamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, offLinhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.(Muricy et al., 2006)Isodictya sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,1973)JJaspis sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: RioGrande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. SouthRegion: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality notinformed, off Porto Alegre, off Tavares. SantaCatarina State: Locality not informed, off Laguna.(Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Moraes etal., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Jenkinidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. (Muricy et al., 2006)K‘Keratosa’ [informal group of superordinal level, orderunidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007)Kieplitela aff. antrodes [= Echinodictyum aff.antrodes]: Northeast Region: CEará State:Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999).REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based onHooper (1996, 2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).LLatrunculia sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)Latrunculiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy etal., 2006)Laxosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Santos et al.,2002a)cf. Leiosella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006)Leucandra sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, SepetibaBay. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva,1999; Ignacio et al., 2010)Leucetta sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy etal., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva, 1999)Leucilla aff. australiensis [= Paraleucilla magna]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba.(Nassar & Silva, 1999; Junqueira et al., 2004)Leucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Klautau etal., 1994b)Leucilla sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza.Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaAchipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. (Johnson,1971; Muricy et al., 1991; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005;Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006)Leucosolenia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Localitynot informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004;Ferreira et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Lissodendoryx sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Pernambuco State: Itamaracá. SoutheastRegion: São Paulo State: Locality not informed,off Ilhabela. (Santos et al., 2002a,b; Hajdu etal., 2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes,2007)‘Lithistida’ [polyphyletic group of ordinal level, familyunidentified]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004)Lophocalyx sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Localitynot informed. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Locality not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)193

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaMMargaritella sp. [= Iphiteon sp.]: South Region: RioGrande do Sul State: Locality not informed.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973)Melophlus sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas.(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006)Menanetia sp. [= Halichondria sp.]: Southeast Region:São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels,1956)Metania sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Viamão. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981)Metania sp. [= Metania reticulata]: North Region:Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceiçãodo Raimundo). (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974)Microcionidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Minerva Seamount,Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares,off Marataízes, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé, off São Franciscode Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,2007)Monanchora aff. clathrata: Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.(Muricy et al., 2006)Monanchora cf. barbadensis [= Monanchora arbuscula]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. (Klautau et al., 2004)Monanchora sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares.South Region: Santa Catarina State: ArvoredoIsland, Bombinhas (Galé Island). (Johnsson, 2002;Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al., 2006;Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Monanchora sp. [= Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa]:Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: TrindadeIsland. (Moraes et al., 2006)Mycale aff. americana [= Mycale (Aegogropila)americana]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Lôbo-Hajdu etal., 2004; Santos et al., 2004)Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana [= Mycale(Aegogropila) americana]: Southeast Region: SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião. (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,1999)Mycale aff. arenaria [= Mycale (Mycale) arenaria]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006)Mycale aff. magnirhaphidifera: Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010)Mycale sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapáor Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river.Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (PontaVerde Reef). Bahia State: Hotspur Seamount,Salvador. Pernambuco State: Itamaracá. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Riode Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro.São Paulo State: São Sebastião, Ubatuba. SouthRegion: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande.Santa Catarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape.(Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977; Hajdu, 1999;Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002a; Sarmento &Correia, 2002; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Motheset al., 2004c; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghimet al., 2007)Mycalidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region:São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995;Andréa et al., 2007)Mycalina [suborder, family unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. (Santos et al.,2002a)Myrmekioderma sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Boipeba. (Muricy et al., 2006)Myxilla sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: SãoSebastião. (Rocha, 1995)Myxillidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. (Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 2006)Myxillina [suborder, family unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. (Santos et al., 2002a;Andréa et al., 2007)NNeofibularia sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Locality not informed. (Mothes et al., 2004c;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Niphates sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, Salvador. Ceará State: Locality notinformed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza. Paraíba State:Locality not informed. Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin. São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;194

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherSantos et al., 1999, 2002a,b; Dresch et al., 2005;Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al.,2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;Seleghim et al., 2007)Niphates sp. [= Niphates erecta]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atoldas Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Moraes et al.,2003)Niphatidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, offIlhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount,Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, offItaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante SaldanhaSeamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,2007)OOceanapia sp.: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,off Boipeba, off Salvador. Pernambuco State:Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Locality not informed, off Linhares, off Piúma,off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed,Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos etal., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Oncosclera sp.: Midwest Region: Mato Grosso doSul State: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. NorthRegion: Roraima State: Alto Alegre, UraricoeraRiver (Maracá Island). Tocantins State: Gurupi,Tocantins River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a;Parolin et al., 2008)Oscarella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Armação dos Búzios. (Muricy &Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008)PPachastrella sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do SulState: Locality not informed, off Mostardas.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Mothes et al., 2003,2006c)Pachastrellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Aracruz, off Linhares. Rio de Janeiro State:Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Campos dosGoytacazes. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,2007)Pachastrissa sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy etal., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Pachychalina sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Niterói.São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Berlinck et al.,2004; Oliveira et al., 2006a,b)Pachychalina sp.: State not informed. NortheastRegion: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Vilanovaet al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,2007)Pachypellina sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Off Trindade. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007 [as “off São Paulo State”, but thenearest point to the collection site is Trindade, inRio de Janeiro State])Pandaros sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroides]: NortheastRegion: Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin. (Muricy et al., 2008)Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro.(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004)Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla sphaerica]: NortheastRegion: Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin. (Muricy et al., 2008)Paraleucilla sp.: Northeast Region: São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State:Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al.,2006)Pellina aff. eusiphonia [= Oceanapia aff. eusiphonia]:Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza.(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999).REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based onDesqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d); vanSoest et al. (2011).Penares sp.: State not informed. North Region: Statenot informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth ofthe Amazon River. Northeast Region: Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas. South Region:Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed.195

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera(Volkmer- Ribeiro et al., 1973; Collette & Rützler,1977 [as Penares sp., cf. mastoidea]; Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006)Perissinella sp. [= Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983)]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife.(Hechtel, 1976)Perissinella sp., cf. madeirensis: North Region: Statenot informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth ofthe Amazon River. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)Petromica sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount, off Macaé. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Muricy et al.,2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Petromica sp. [= Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina]: SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001)Petrosia sp.: State not informed. North Region: Statenot informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouthof the Amazon River. Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernandode Noronha Archipelago, Tamandaré. (Collette &Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al.,2002b; Moraes et al., 2003)Petrosia sp. [= Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Santos et al., 2002b; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghimet al., 2007)Petrosiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, HotspurSeamount, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount,off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, offVitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio deJaneiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, offSão Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006)Phakellia sp.: State not informed. South Region:Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006)Phellodermidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréa et al.,2007)Phloeodictyidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba,Hotspur Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Phorbas sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006)Phorbas sp. [= Phorbas amaranthus]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006)Placospongia aff. melobesioides: Northeast Region:Alagoas State: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007)Placospongia cf. intermedia: Northeast Region: BahiaState: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Locality notinformed. (Silva et al., 2006)Placospongia sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al.,2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Plakina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffSalvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Locality not informed, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy & Moraes,1998; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)Plakinastrella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador, off Salvador. Ceará State: Locality notinformed, off Beberibe. Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Trindade Island. Rio de JaneiroState: Locality not informed, Almirante SaldanhaSeamount. (Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al., 2006;Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Plakinidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Salvador.Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: OffAracruz. (Muricy et al., 2006)Plakortis sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador.Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol dasRocas, Potiguar Basin. (Eston et al., 1986; Muricy& Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos etal., 1999, 2002b; Neves & Omena, 2003; Muricy etal., 2006, 2008; Seleghim et al., 2007)Poecilosclerida [order, suborder unidentified]:Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis.(Secchin, 1995; Santos et al., 2002a)Polyfibrospongia sp. [= Carteriospongia sp.]: NortheastRegion: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971;Santos et al., 1999)REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based onCook & Bergquist (2002e); van Soest et al. (2011).Polymastia cf. agglutinans: South Region: SantaCatarina State: Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé). (Lerner,1996)Polymastia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:196

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or HigherSalvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Linhares. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela, São Sebastião.(Muricy, 1989; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy etal., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,2007)Polymastiidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al.,2006)Polytherses sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region:Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. (Carter, 1890)Prianus sp. [= Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983)]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976)Protosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. (Monteiro &Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Laport et al., 2009)Pseudosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grandedo Norte State: Potiguar Basin. South Region:Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed.(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2008)Psammaplysilla sp., cf. camera [?= Dendrilla camerasensu van Soest, 1978: 84; non Dendrilla camera (deLaubenfels, 1936)]: State not informed. (Hechtel,1976)Ptilocaulis sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy &Silva, 1999; Seleghim et al., 2007)QRRadiella sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region:Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. South Region:Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Cosme &Hajdu, 2010d,e)Raspaciona sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality notinformed, off Ilhabela, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Raspailia sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the AmazonRiver. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Localitynot informed, off Guarujá. South Region: RioGrande do Sul State: Off Chuí, off Porto Alegre.Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, offItajaí, off Santa Marta Cape. (Collette & Rützler,1977; Monks et al., 2002; Hajdu et al., 2004; Motheset al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Dresch et al., 2005; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)Raspailiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,off Trancoso. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares,off Marataízes, off Vitória, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006)Rhabdastrella sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al.,2006)Rhabdastrella sp. [= Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel,1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)Rhabderemia aff. africana: Southeast Region: São PauloState: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004)Rhabderemia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé.South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off RioGrande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al.,2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)cf. Rhaphidistia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006)SSarostegia aff. oculata: Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.(Tabachnick et al., 2009)Sceptrella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Scopalina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião.(Seleghim et al., 2007)Sphaerotylus sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State:Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu& Lopes, 2007)Spheciospongia sp. [= Spheciospongia symbioticaHechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)Spirasigmidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, Camaçari,Minerva Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006)Spirastrella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador. Ceará State: Off197

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaBeberibe. (Santos et al., 1999; Costa et al., 2000;Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)Spongia sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió(Ponta Verde Reef). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos,off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Ilhéus, off Linhares, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain, Trindade Island. São PauloState: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos etal., 2002b; Sarmento & Correia, 2002; Muricy et al.,2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)Spongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: RodgersSeamount, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Aracruz, off Guarapari, offLinhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. SãoPaulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Muricyet al., 2006)Spongillidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Jaboatão dosGuararapes. (Coelho, 1966; Santos et al., 2002b)Spongosorites sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007)Stelletta sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Locality notinformed. Rio Grande do Norte State: PotiguarBasin. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State:Locality not informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela, SãoSebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Hajdu et al., 1999,2003, 2004; Santos et al., 1999; Rangel et al., 2001;Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu &Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu,2010a; Ignacio et al., 2010)cf. Stelletta sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazonriver. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)Stoeba sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Marataízes. (Moraes et al., 2006;Muricy et al., 2006)Stoeba sp. [= Dercitus (Stoeba) latex]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Fernando de NoronhaArchipelago. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago.(Moraes et al., 2006)Strongylacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State:Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Rio deJaneiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al.,1991; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Muricy & Silva, 1999;Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Andréa etal., 2007)Strongylamma sp.: Northeast Region: PernambucoState: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraeset al., 2006)Stylaxinella sp. A [= Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983)]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife.(Hechtel, 1976)Stylaxinella sp. B [= Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel,1983)]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)Suberites sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Pernambuco State: Locality not informed.Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio deJaneiro. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: OffRio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro& Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,2007)Suberitidae [family, genus unidentified]: State notinformed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffAbrolhos, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, MinervaSeamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. ParaíbaState: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas,off Linhares, off Vitória. Rio de Janeiro State:Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Dresch et al., 2005;Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)Sycettidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Pernambuco State: Off Recife. (Lira et al.,2010)Sycettusa cf. hastifera [= Sycettusa hastifera]: SoutheastRegion: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis.(Azevedo & Klautau, 2007)Sycon sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Riode Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004;Ignacio et al., 2010)Sympagella sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State:Campos Basin. (Lopes, 2010e)TTedania sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo, Sepetiba. São Paulo State: São Sebastião,Ubatuba. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Boffi,1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Seleghim et al.,2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)cf. Teichaxinella sp.: North Region: State not informed(Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon198

Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higherriver. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)Terpios aff. fugax: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006)Terpios sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: SepetibaBay. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim etal., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)Tethya aff. maza: Northeast Region: Alagoas State:Maceió. (Sarmento & Correia, 2002)Tethya sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió.Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Trairí.Pernambuco State: Locality not informed,Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Locality not informed, SepetibaBay. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Jimenez et al., 2004;Silva et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Cedro et al.,2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ribeiro et al., 2008;Laport et al., 2009; Ignacio et al., 2010)Tethytimea sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Piúma. (Muricy et al., 2006)Tetilla sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Canavieiras. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade SeamountsChain. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. SouthRegion: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghimet al., 2007)Tetillidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Canavieiras,Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)Theonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: SoutheastRegion: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas. (Muricyet al., 2006)Thoosa sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)Thorecta sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006)Thorecta sp. [= Thorecta atlantica]: Northeast Region:Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin.(Muricy et al., 2008)Thorectidae [family, genus unidentified]: Statenot informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State:Off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Rodgers Seamount,off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito SantoState: Off Aracruz, off Linhares, Vitória-TrindadeSeamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: AlmiranteSaldanha Seamount, off São João da Barra. (Muricyet al., 2006)Thrombidae [family, genus unidentified]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, off Boipeba, offTrancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Linhares, off Guarapari, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)Thrombus sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffBelmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Off Guarapari. São Paulo State: Locality notinformed, off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricyet al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)Timea aff. stellifasciata: Northeast Region: Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al.,2006)Timea cf. bioxyasterina: Northeast Region: Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al.,2006)Timea sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: OffCanavieiras, Salvador. Pernambuco State:Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grandedo Norte State: Atol das Rocas. São Pedro e SãoPaulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: EspíritoSanto State: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. Rio deJaneiro State: Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: OffGuarujá, near Alcatrazes Archipelago. South Region:Rio Grande do Sul State: off Tavares. SantaCatarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Hajduet al., 2004; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Mothes etal., 2004c; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghimet al., 2007)Topsentia aff. ophiraphidites: State not informed(Bahia, Espírito Santo or Rio de Janeiro). (Muricyet al., 2006)Topsentia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount,Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State:Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São PauloState: Locality not informed, near AlcatrazesArchipelago. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)Toxochalina sp. [= Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.]:Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial doCabo. (Seleghim et al., 2007)Trachycladus sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State:São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007)UUlosa sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do NorteState: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)VVerongia sp. [= Aplysina sp.]: State not informed.Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson,199

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera1971; Kelecom et al., 1979; Santos et al., 1999)Verongia sp. samples I-III sensu Kelecom &Kannengiesser, 1979 [= Aplysina fulva]: NortheastRegion: Bahia State: Abrolhos. Southeast Region:Espírito Santo State: Guarapari. Rio de JaneiroState: Cabo Frio. (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979;Kelecom, 1997)Verongia sp. a [= Aplysina lacunosa ?; cf. Hechtel, 1983]:Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Locality notinformed. (Hechtel, 1976)Verongia sp. b [= Aplysina pergamentacea; cf. Hechtel,1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State:Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)Vosmaeropsis sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy& Silva, 1999)Vulcanella sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Campos Basin. São Paulo State: Localitynot informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu etal., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Cosme & Hajdu,2010c)WWaltherarndtia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de JaneiroState: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)XXestospongia sp.: State not informed. North Region:State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off themouth of the Amazon River. Northeast Region:Bahia State: Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount,Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando deNoronha Archipelago, Itamaracá. Rio Grande doNorte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Riode Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998;Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)YZ200

IV. LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTSA synopsis of all taxonomic changes herein proposed isgiven below to help the reader locate the nomenclatorialacts involved with the Brazilian Porifera as proposed byus in this catalogue, including formalizations of changesalready implicitly proposed in the literature. Includedin this list are new synonymies, new combinations,revalidations, elevation of varieties to species rank,and designations of type specimens. Not included areminor changes such as emendation of spellings.Designation of type specimens:Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cornulumtylotum] (specimens examined not listed in theoriginal publication): fixation of holotype bymonotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943.Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 [=Scalarispongia cincta] (specimens examined notlisted in the original publication): fixation ofholotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE1017.Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria(Clathria) calypso] (specimens examined not listedin the original publication): fixation of holotypeby monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035.Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 994.Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Forcepia(Forcepia) trilabis] (specimens examined not listedin the original publication): fixation of holotypeby monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973.Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999.Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964.Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Iotrochotabirotulata] (specimens examined not listed in theoriginal publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 951, 1018.Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012,1022.Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956.Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029.Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944.Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960.Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973[= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife] (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985,1008.Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973[= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota] (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986.Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria(Wilsonella) nigra] (specimens examined not listedin the original publication): designation of syntypesMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983.Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Raspailia(Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae] (specimens examinednot listed in the original publication): fixation ofparalectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1039.Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023.Spongelia cana var. cincta Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysidea canavar. cincta; currently considered unrecognizable](specimens examined not listed in the originalpublication): fixation of lectotype MCZ 29 andparalectotype MCZ 7125.Spongelia dubia var. mollior Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysideadubia var. mollior; currently consideredunrecognizable] (specimens examined not listed201

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferain the original publication): fixation of holotypeMCZ 7331.Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Hyattellacavernosa] (specimens examined not listed in theoriginal publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 971, 998, 1020, 1021, 1042.Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt,1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) pertusa] (specimensexamined not listed in the original publication):fixation of lectotype MCZ 19081 andparalectotypes MCZ 7036, 7179, 7189, 7293.Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt,1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis](specimens examined not listed in the originalpublication): fixation of holotype by monotypyMCZ 42.Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851 [= Eunapius fragilis](specimens examined not listed in the originalpublication): fixation of holotype by monotypyANSP-PO unregistered.Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cyamonvickersii] (specimens examined not listed in theoriginal publication): fixation of holotype bymonotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 947.Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [=Craniella corticata] (specimens examined notlisted in the original publication): designationof syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (2specimens).Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Aiolochroiacrassa] (specimens examined not listed in theoriginal publication): designation of syntypesMNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 950, 1006, 1026, 1046.New subgenus assignments:Callyspongia coppingeri Ridley, 1881 – to Callyspongia(Callyspongia) coppingeri (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al.,2011).Callyspongia aff. diffusa (Ridley, 1884) – toCallyspongia (Cladochalina) aff. diffusa (cf.Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Callyspongia fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) –to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (cf.Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983 – to Callyspongia(Callyspongia) laboreli (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez& Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864 – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima(cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Callyspongia pergamentacea (Ridley, 1881) – toCallyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (cf.Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Callyspongia villosa (Pallas, 1766) – to Callyspongia(Cladochalina) villosa (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez& Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 – to Clathria(Clathria) calypso (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Clathria nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973, asPsammotoxa) – to Clathria (Thalysias) nigra (cf.Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Clathria procera (Ridley, 1884) – to Clathria(Thalysias) procera (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Coelosphaera raphidifera Hechtel, 1969 – toCoelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera (cf. vanSoest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).Crella spinosa (Hechtel, 1983, as Crelloxea) – to Crella(Grayella) spinosa (cf. van Soest, 2002f; van Soestet al., 2011).Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001– to Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis(cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,2011).Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 – toHalichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa (cf.Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,2011).Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –to Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea (cf.Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,2011).Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) – to Halichondria(Halichondria) panicea (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest,2002; van Soest et al., 2011).Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –to Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea (cf.Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,2011).Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –to Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica (cf.Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,2011).Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – toHaliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis (cf. de Weerdt,2002).202

List of Nomenclatorial ActsHaliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – toHaliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus (cf. de Weerdt,2002).Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – toHaliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris (cf. de Weerdt,2002).Haliclona aff. tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) sensuMonks et al., 2002 – to Haliclona (Reniera) aff.tubifera (cf. de Weerdt, 2002).Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995 – to Mycale(Aegogropila) escarlatei (cf. van Soest & Hajdu,2002; van Soest et al., 2011).Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905 – to Myxilla(Ectyomyxilla) chilensis (cf. van Soest, 2002j; vanSoest et al., 2011).Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 – to Myxilla(Myxilla) mucronata (cf. van Soest, 2002j; vanSoest et al., 2011).Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 – to Petrosia(Petrosia) weinbergi (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez &Valentine, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 – to Raspailia(Raspailia) tenuis (cf. Hooper, 2002c).Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 – toSpongia (Spongia) barbara (cf. Cook & Bergquist,2002d; van Soest et al., 2011).Spongia ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia(Spongia) ditelliformis (cf. Cook & Bergquist,2002d; van Soest et al., 2011).Spongia lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 – to Spongia (Spongia)lobosa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest etal., 2011).Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia (Spongia)pertusa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest etal., 2011).Genus and subgenus transfers(new combinations):Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 – transferred toSycettusa (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 – transferred toPhorbas (based on van Soest, 2002h; van Soest etal., 2011).Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881 – transferredto Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic etal., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Aphroceras caminus var. crassior sensu Ridley,1881; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 – transferred toLeucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic etal., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferredto Cornulum (based on Hooper, 2002; van Soest etal., 2011).Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferredto Scalarispongia (based on Cook & Bergquist,2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849 – transferred toPione (based on Rützler, 2002c; van Soest et al.,2011).Ephydatia anonyma sensu Weltner, 1895 – transferredto Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato,2002).Fibulia aff. bermuda sensu Johnson, 1971; Santos etal., 1999 – transferred to Strongylacidon (based onvan Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).Grantessa flamma sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –transferred to Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al.,2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Grantessa hastifera sensu Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy& Silva, 1999 – transferred to Sycettusa (based onBorojevic et al, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 –transferred to Isodictya (based on Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905 – transferredto Hymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; vanSoest et al., 2011).Ircinia fascicularis sensu de Laubenfels, 1956; Santoset al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus (as S.fasciculata; based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; vanSoest et al., 2011).Ircinia fasciculata sensu Johnson, 1971; Hechtel, 1976;Santos et al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus(based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; van Soest etal., 2011).Kieplitela aff. antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) sensuJohnson, 1971 – transferred to Echinodictyum(based on Hooper, 2002b; van Soest et al., 2011).Leucandra sacculata sensu Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 –transferred to Leucilla (based on Borojevic et al.,2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Leuconia barbata sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –transferred to Leucandra (based on Borojevic etal., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Leuconia caminus sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –transferred to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based onBorojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 – transferred toLeucilla (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; vanSoest et al., 2011).Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b – transferred to203

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTrochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato,2002).Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984 –transferred to Mycale (Naviculina) (based on vanSoest & Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima sensu Hajdu etal., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 – transferred toHymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; vanSoest et al., 2011).Phoriospongia nigra sensu Santos et al., 2002b –transferred to Clathria (Wilsonella) (based onHooper, 1996, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferredto Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on vanSoest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferredto Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on vanSoest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 – transferredto Psammoclema (based on van Soest, 2002e; vanSoest et al., 2011).Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferredto Clathria (Wilsonella) (based on Hooper, 1996,2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 – transferred toPtilocaulis (based on Alvarez & Hooper, 2002; vanSoest et al., 2011).Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 –transferred to Craniella (based on van Soest &Rützler, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 –transferred to Tedania (Trachytedania) (based onvan Soest, 2002k; van Soest et al., 2011).Tubella anonyma sensu Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960 –transferred to Trochospongilla (based on Manconi& Pronzato, 2002).Change of taxonomic level fromvariety to species (new status):Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 –changed to Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff,1884 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; vanSoest et al., 2011).Leucandra caminus var. crassior (Ridley, 1881) –changed to Leucandra crassior (Ridley, 1881)(based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al.,2011).Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt,1877 – changed to Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformisHyatt, 1877 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d;van Soest et al., 2011).Synonymizations:Amphimedon aff. compressa sensu Moraes et al., 2003,2006; Muricy et al., 2008 – synonymized withAmphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,1864.Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971 –synonymized with Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cavaet al., 1991.Pandaros sp. sensu Muricy et al., 2008: synonymizedwith Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983.Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra de Drago,1975b – synonymized with Radiospongillaamazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983.Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976 –synonymized with Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault et al., 1999.Names removed from synonymy:Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) is not a synonym ofLeucilla australiensis Carter (1885) as proposedby Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). It is also nota synonym of Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 asproposed by Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987).Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 is nota synonym of Oceanapia atlantica Lévi, 1969 sensuHechtel, 1976 [= Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank,1873)]; cf. van Soest (1980), de Weerdt (1985).204

V. SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NO LONGERACCEPTED AS VALID RECORDS.Remarks: Misspellings are not included. Only the first reference reporting the name from Brazil is included; otherreferences can be found in the main list.Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameAcanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Acarnus radovaniAcanthodiscus sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 Racekiela sheilaeAcervochalina molitba Santos et al., 2002b Chalinula molitbaAdocia carbonaria Hechtel, 1976 Neopetrosia carbonariaAgelas sparsus Hechtel, 1976 Agelas disparAmphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 Sycettusa flammaAnchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 Phorbas ramosusAnheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 Racekiela sheilaeAnthosigmella varians Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Cliona variansAphroceras caminus Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassiorAphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassiorAphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881 Vosmaeropsis sericatumAplysina archeri Lendenfeld, 1889 Aplysina lacunosaAplysina fistularis f. fulva Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Aplysina fulvaAplysina fistularis fulva Santos et al., 1999 Aplysina fulvaAplysina janusi Santos et al., 2002b Aiolochroia crassaArtemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cornulum tylotumAscetta blanca Haeckel, 1872 Guancha blancaAsteropus simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Asteropus brasiliensisAxinella lunaecharta Hechtel, 1976 Dragmacidon reticulatumAxinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Dragmacidon reticulatumAzorica pfeifferae Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Leiodermatium pfeifferae205

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameAzorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris Sollas, 1888 Leiodermatium pfeifferaeBasiectyon tenuis Hechtel, 1976 Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuisCacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 Scalarispongia cinctaCacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammocinia compactaCallyspongia armigera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentaceaCallyspongia ramosa Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.Callyspongia robusta Hechtel, 1976 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.Carmia microsigmatosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosaChalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeriChalina pergamentacea Ridley & Dendy, 1887Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentaceaChondrilla phyllodes Carter, 1890 Spirastrella hartmaniChondrillina phylloides Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spirastrella hartmaniChondrosia arenifera Santos et al., 2002b Chondropsis areniferaChondrosia reniformis Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Chondrosia sp.Chondrosia reniformis Junqueira et al., 2004record invalidated; based on unpublishedacademic workCinachyra alloclada Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella allocladaCinachyra apion Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella apionCinachyra kukenthali Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella kuekenthaliCinachyra rhizophyta Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella allocladaCladochalina armigera var.pergamentaceaRidley, 1881Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentaceaClathrina blanca Borojevic, 1971 Guancha blancaClathrina cerebrum Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina brasiliensisClathrina primordialis Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina coniferaCliona carpenteri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Pione carpenteri206

Species Names Previously Reported From BrazilBut no Longer Accepted as Valid RecordsName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameCliona viridis var. carteri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Cliona carteriCorvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a Corvoheteromeyenia heteroscleraCorvospongilla boehmi de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Corvospongilla secktiCorvospongilla böhmii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Corvospongilla secktiCorvospongilla novae terrae Carvalho, 1969 Corvospongilla volkmeriCoscinospongia typus Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Corallistes typusCrellomyxilla chilensis Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensisCrelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983 Crella (Grayella) spinosaCydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a Geodia glariosaDarwinella aurea Müller, 1865 Darwinella muelleriDarwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865 Darwinella muelleriDasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosaDesmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Desmapsamma anchorataDictyonella ruetzleri Muricy et al., 1991 Scopalina ruetzleriDonatia lyncurium Carter, 1890 Tethya aurantiumDragmacidon reticulata Menezes et al., 2010 Dragmacidon reticulatumDragmacidon reticulatus Mothes et al., 2003 Dragmacidon reticulatumDrulia batesii Gray, 1867a Drulia browniiDrulia corallioides Gray, 1867a Uruguaya corallioidesDysidea cana Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable]Dysidea dubia Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable]Echinoclathria (Holopsamma)helwigiMuricy & Moraes, 1998Desmapsamma anchorataEchinostylinos (?) unguiferus Collette & Rützler, 1977 Monanchora arbusculaEctoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabisEctyomyxilla kerguelenensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis207

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameEphydatia anonyma Weltner, 1895 Trochospongilla anonymaEphydatia crateriformis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Radiospongilla amazonensisEphydatia crateriformis formaarndtiEphydatia crateriformisparanensisEphydatia fluviatilisCarvalho, 1942Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967bBonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,1967aRadiospongilla amazonensisRadiospongilla amazonensisEphydatia facundaErylus oxyaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Erylus diminutusErylus topsenti Mothes de Moraes, 1981 Erylus soestiErylus transiens Muricy et al., 2008 Erylus alleniEsperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Mycale) laevisEsperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissimaEuspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusaEuspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 Spongia (Spongia) lobosaEuspongia tricomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusaFibularia (?) raphidifera Hechtel, 1976 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidiferaGastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999 Gastrophanella implexaGeodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1976 Geodia papyraceaGeodia eosaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Geodia australisGeodia vosmaeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Geodia neptuniGeodia vosmaeri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Geodia corticostyliferaGrantessa flamma Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Sycettusa flammaGrantessa hastifera Muricy et al., 1991 Sycettusa hastiferaHalichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Topsentia ophiraphiditesHalichondria lutea Lerner, 1996 Petromica (Chaladesma) citrinaHaliclona coppingeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri208

Species Names Previously Reported From BrazilBut no Longer Accepted as Valid RecordsName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameHaliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1956 Amphimedon erinaHaliclona molitba Hechtel, 1976 Chalinula molitbaHaliclona pergamentacea Mello-Leitão et al., 1961Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentaceaHeteromeyenia baileyi Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a Heteromeyenia insignisHeteromeyenia baileyi var.insignisGee, 1931aHeteromeyenia insignisHeteromeyenia stepanowii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Heteromeyenia cristalinaHircinia compacta Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Psammocinia compactaHippospongia equina Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) barbaraHippospongia equina var.meandriniformisMello-Leitão et al., 1961Spongia (Spongia) barbaraHolopsamma arenifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Chondropsis areniferaHomoeodictya grandis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Isodictya grandisHyattella intestinalis Ferreira et al., 2007 Hyattella cavernosaHymeniacidon sanguinea Carter, 1890 Hymeniacidon perlevisHymeniacidon sanguineus Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Hymeniacidon perlevisIanthella ardis Hechtel, 1976 Aiolochroia crassaIanthella ianthella Johnson, 1971 Aiolochroia crassaIgernella joyeuxi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Igernella notabilisInflatella bartschi Collette & Rützler, 1977 Oceanapia bartschiIotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Iotrochota birotulataIrcinia compacta Hechtel, 1976 Psammocinia compactaIrcinia fascicularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Sarcotragus fasciculatusIrcinia fasciculata Johnson, 1971 Sarcotragus fasciculatusIrcinia longispina Hechtel, 1976 Ircinia strobilinaLaxosuberites aurantiaca Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Suberites aurantiacus209

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameLeucandra globosa Muricy et al., 1991 Leucandra rudiferaLeucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Leucilla sacculataLeucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a Leucetta floridanaLeucilla australiensis Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucilla uterLeucilla ?australiensis Muricy et al., 1991 Paraleucilla magnaLeuconia armata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra armataLeuconia barbata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra barbataLeuconia caminus Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crassiorLeuconia crosslandi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crosslandiLeuconia hentschelii Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra hentscheliiLeuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 Leucilla sacculataMetania gregaria Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla gregariaMetania paulata Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla paululaMetania spinata Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 Metania kilianiMeyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla anonymaMeyenia facunda Penney, 1960 Ephydatia facundaMeyenia gregaria Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla gregariaMeyenia plumosa var. palmeri Traxler, 1895 Dosilia pydanieliMicrociona prolifera Johnson, 1971 Clathria (Clathria) proliferaMonanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1976 Monanchora arbusculaMycale (Aegogropila) angulosa Muricy & Silva, 1999 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosaMycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Mycale) arenariaMycale fusca Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Mycale) laevisMycale fusca Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Mycale (Mycale) arenariaMycale nuda Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima210

Species Names Previously Reported From BrazilBut no Longer Accepted as Valid RecordsName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameMycale senegalensis Junqueira et al., 2004record not valid; based on unpublishedacademic studyMyriastra anancora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Stelletta anancoraMyriastra purpurea Mothes de Moraes, 1985a Stelletta beaeMyrmekioderma styx de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 Myrmekioderma reaMyxilla (Ectyomyxilla)tenuissimaHajdu et al., 2004Hymenancora tenuissimaMyxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Phorbas plumosusNardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881 Sycettusa pelagicaNormania goliath Sollas, 1886a Characella asperaOceanapia atlantica Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia fistulosaOceanapia isodictyiformis Muricy et al., 1991 Oceanapia nodosaOceanapia robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosaPachataxa lutea Moraes et al., 2003 Dercitus (Halinastra) luteusPachychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosaParesperella spinosigma Boury-Esnault, 1973 [nomen nudum; cf. Hajdu & Rützler, 1998]Parmula batesi Weltner, 1895 Drulia browniiParmula batesii Carter, 1881b Drulia browniiParmula browni Weltner, 1895 Drulia browniiParmula brownii Carter, 1881b Drulia browniiParmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887 Drulia browniiParmula cristata Weltner, 1895 Drulia cristataPerissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis fosteriPhakellia ventilabrum Hechtel, 1976 Phakellia connexivaPhakellia ventilabrum var.connexivaRidley & Dendy, 1887Phakellia connexivaPhoriospongia nigra Santos et al., 2002b Clathria (Wilsonella) nigraPilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a Stelletta anancora211

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NamePilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a Stelletta crassispiculaPilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a Stelletta gigasPlakortis simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Plakortis angulospiculatusPoecillastra sollasi Hajdu et al., 2004 Characella pachastrelloidesPolymastia mammilaris Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Polymastia janeirensisPrianus grayi Hechtel, 1983 Xestospongia grayiPronax plumosa Hechtel, 1976 Phorbas plumosusProtosuberites aurantiaca Lerner et al., 2006 Suberites aurantiacusProtosuberites aurantiacus Santos et al., 2004 Suberites aurantiacusPsammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recifePsammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylotaPsammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammoclema porosumPsammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Wilsonella) nigraPseudaxinella lunaecharta Collette & Rützler, 1977 Dragmacidon reticulatumPseudaxinella reticulata Muricy & Moraes, 1998 Dragmacidon reticulatumPseudoceratina crassa Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aiolochroia crassaPseudosuberites melanos Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979 Spheciospongia vespariumRadiospongilla crateriformisKilian & Wintermann-Kilian,1976Radiospongilla amazonensisRadiospongilla ornata de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Anheteromeyenia ornataRaspailia elegans Rangel et al., 2001 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultaeRaspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans Muricy & Silva, 1999 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultaeRaspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultaeRhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenaceaRhaphidophlus gracilis Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Clathria (Thalysias) proceraRhaphidophlus minutus Muricy et al., 1991 Clathria (Thalysias) minuta212

Species Names Previously Reported From BrazilBut no Longer Accepted as Valid RecordsName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameRhizochalina fistulosa Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosaRhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983 Oceanapia nodulosaRhizochalina oleracea Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia oleraceaRhizochalina putridosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Oceanapia putridosaSidonops neptuni Sollas, 1889 Geodia neptuniSphinctrella cribrifera Sollas, 1888 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribriferaSpirastrella cunctatrix de Laubenfels, 1956 Spirastrella hartmaniSpirastrella cuspidifera Hechtel, 1976 Cervicornia cuspidiferaSpirastrella varians Hechtel, 1976 Cliona variansSpongelia cana var. cincta Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable]Spongelia dubia var. mollior Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable]Spongelia pallescens fragilis var.ramosaPoléjaeff, 1884Dysidea fragilisSpongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosaSpongia equina var.meandriniformisHyatt, 1877Spongia (Spongia) barbaraSpongia fulva Pallas, 1766 Aplysina fulvaSpongia obliquaSpongia officinalisSpongia officinalisSpongia officinalis tubulifera var.mollisSantos et al., 2002bHechtel, 1976 (quoting Hyatt,1877)Hechtel, 1976 (quoting Poléjaeff,1884)Hyatt, 1877[invalidated (quoted Hechtel, 1976, butthat paper contains no such record)]Spongia (Spongia) pertusaSpongia (Spongia) lobosaSpongia (Spongia) pertusaSpongia trincomalensis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spongia (Spongia) pertusaSpongia vermiculata Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformisSpongia vermiculata coocki var.ditelliformisHyatt, 1877Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformisSpongia vermiculata ditelliformis Santos et al., 2002b Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis213

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameSpongia virgultosa Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosaSpongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 Drulia browniiSpongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863 Uruguaya corallioidesSpongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915 Drulia browniiSpongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla gregariaSpongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b Oncosclera jewelliSpongilla navicella Carter, 1881b Oncosclera navicellaSpongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla paululaSpongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 Acalle recurvataSpongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863 Metania reticulataSpongilla spoliataSpongilla spoliataVolkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983(in part)Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983(in part)Pottsiela spoliataPottsiela pesaeSpongilla wagneri Weltner, 1895 Spongilla albaStelletta incrustataHajdu & Carvalho, 2003; Esteves& Muricy, 2005 [both cited inintroduction only][invalidated – based on an unpublishedPh.D. Thesis]Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora Hechtel, 1976 Stelletta anancoraStelletta purpurea Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Stelletta beaeStelospongus longispinus Poléjaeff, 1884 Ircinia strobilinaStoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a Dercitus (Stoeba) latexStratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 Sterrastrolepis brasiliensisStylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis bistylaStylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis braziliensisStylinos braziliensis Santos et al., 2002b Ptilocaulis braziliensisStylocordyla stipitata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Stylocordyla borealisSuberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Polymastia janeirensis214

Species Names Previously Reported From BrazilBut no Longer Accepted as Valid RecordsName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameSuberites massa Carter, 1890 Suberites carnosusSycandra alopecurus Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampullaSycandra ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampullaSycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampullaSycandra petiolata Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampullaSycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synaptaSyconella ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampullaSyculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synaptaSycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synaptaSynops neptuni Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuniSynops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuniTedania anhelans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Tedania) ignisTedania mucosa Mothes et al., 2000 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinataTedania murdochi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinataTeichaxinella corrugata Lerner, 1996 Axinella corrugataTethya cranium Carter, 1890 Craniella craniumTethya lyncurium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya aurantiumTethytimea maza Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya mazaTetilla cranium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Craniella craniumTimea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cyamon vickersiiToxochalina robusta Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxaToxochalina robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Craniella corticataTrachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidoraTubella anonyma Gee, 1932 Trochospongilla anonyma215

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaName Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted NameTubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Metania reticulataTubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Trochospongilla pennsylvanicaTubella paulula Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla paululaTubella recurvata Carter, 1881b Acalle recurvataTubella reticulata Carter, 1881b Metania reticulataTubella spinata Carter, 1881b Metania spinataTubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Metania spinataTubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Corvomeyenia thumiUlosa ruetzleri Muricy, 1989 Scopalina ruetzleriUruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Uruguaya corallioidesUruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Trochospongilla repensUruguayella amazonica Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Trochospongilla amazonicaUruguayella ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Uruguaya corallioidesVerongia capensis de Laubenfels, 1956 [unrecognizable]Verongia cauliformis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina cauliformisVerongia fistularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina fistularisVerongia fistularis f. fistularis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fistularisVerongia fistularis f. fulva Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fulvaVerongia fulva Johnson, 1971 Aplysina fulvaVerongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Aiolochroia crassaVerongia longissima de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina cauliformisVerongia tenuissima Poléjaeff, 1884 Aplysina lacunosaVioa carteri Ridley, 1881 Cliona carteriZygomycale parishii de Laubenfels, 1956 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa216

VI. LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITYThe states have been listed under five administrativeregions: Midwest, North, Northeast, Southeast andSouth. Within each region states and localities are listedalphabetically, and in each locality the species are listedalphabetically by genera. For freshwater sponges, thehydrographic basins and water bodies (rivers, lakes,ponds, creeks) of inland localities were also recorded.Species identified in supraspecific levels, as “cf.” or as“aff.” were not included.Midwest Region:Goiás State:Corumbaíba (Corumbá River, Libório Stream):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.Ipameri (Santo Antônio Stream):Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.Nova Crixás (Crixás Açu River):Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Druliauruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metaniareticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncoscleraspinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Saturnospongillacarvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla repens.Paraúna (Turvo River):Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.São Miguel do Araguaia (Araguaia River, Crixás AçuRiver):Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Druliabrownii, Drulia ctenosclera, Heteromeyeniacristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongillacarvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata,Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguayacorallioides.São Simão (Alecrim Pond):Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata.Mato Grosso State:Locality not informed (Xingú River, Garapu Creek, Setede Setembro River, Culuene River, Tapirapés River):Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata, Pottsielaspoliata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.Barra do Garças (Liberdade River, Bento Gomes River):Drulia brownii.Cáceres (Paraguai River):Oncosclera navicella.Campo Novo do Parecís (do Sangue River):Metania spinata.Chapada dos Guimarães (Manso River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,Eunapius fragilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Trochospongilla repens.Cocalinho (Araguaia River, Brito Lake, Comprido Lake,Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Luiz Alves Lake,Montaria Lake, Varal Lake):Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Druliabrownii, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyeniacristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi,Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillaminuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongillapennsylvanica, Trochospongilla repens,Trochospongilla variabilis.Mato Grosso do Sul State:Paranaíba (Araré Pond):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metaniaspinata.Taquarussu (Esperança River, Samambaia Lake):Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli,Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillarepens, Trochospongilla variabilis.Três Lagoas (Paraná River):Corvomeyenia thumi, Corvospongilla seckti, Druliauruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongillarepens, Uruguaya corallioides.North Region:State not informed (freshwater)(Amazonas or Pará):Uruguaya corallioides.State not informed (marine) (Amapá orPará):Off the mouth of the Amazon River:Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina217

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferacauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea,Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa, Chondrillanucula complex, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia neptuni,Ircinia strobilina, Isodictya grandis, Monanchoraarbuscula, Oceanapia bartschi, Placospongiacarinata, Plakortis halichondrioides, Thrinacophorafuniformis, Xestospongia muta.Acre State:No records.Amapá State:Locality not informed (marine):Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysinafulva, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Chondrilla nuculacomplex, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Niphateserecta.Off Amapá (including 02 o 57’00”N–49 o 04’00”W;02 o 40’05”N–48 o 03’W):Biemna microacanthosigma, Biemna trisigmata,Grantia kempfi, Ircinia strobilina, Neopetrosiaproxima, Niphates alba, Placospongia melobesioides.Off Calçoene (including 03 o 54’00”N–49 o 45’00”W;03 o 16’00”N–49 o 15’05”W; 03 o 49’N–49 o 40’W; 04 o 13’00”N–50 o 31’00”W):Biemna spinomicroxea, Neopetrosia proxima,Niphates erecta, Plakinastrella onkodes, Sycettusaflamma, Terpios belindae, Vosmaeropsissericatum.Amazonas State:Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Amazonas,Branco, Branquinho, Casiquiaré, Negro, Cuieiras(Amataura and Cachoeira creeks), Solimões, Tarumã-Mirim, Preto da Eva, Uatumã, Juruá, Tefé-Ega, Tapajós,Itú, Garapú, Tupana):Drulia brownii, Drulia conifera, Drulia cristata,Drulia ctenosclera, Metania fittkaui, Metaniakiliani, Metania reticulata, Metania spinata,Metania subtilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncoscleraspinifera, Pottsiela spoliata, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Spongilla alba, Trochospongillaamazonica, Trochospongilla anonyma,Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Trochospongillavariabilis, Uruguaya corallioides.Carauari (Juruá River, Conceição do Raimundo):Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Metaniareticulata, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi,Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillaminuta, Trochospongilla paulula.Eirunepé (Juruá River):Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata,Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilladelicata, Trochospongilla paulula.Manaus (Cuieiras River, Negro River, Solimões River,Marchantaria Island, Manaus harbour, Tarumã-MirimCreek, Tupé Lake):Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Drulia ctenosclera,Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Metania reticulata, Metania subtilis, Oncoscleraintermedia, Oncosclera navicella, Oncoscleraspinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata,Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.Maués (Maués-Açú River):Drulia brownii.Novo Airão (do Prato Lake):Drulia uruguayensis.Parintins (Amazonas River):Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncoscleranavicella, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongillapaulula.Presidente Figueiredo (Uatumã River, Urubu Stream):Anheteromeyenia ornata, Drulia cristata, Druliactenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania spinata,Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsielaspoliata.Pará State:Locality not informed (freshwater) (Tapajós River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii.Locality not informed (marine) (off the mouth of theAmazonas River):Agelas dispar, Geodia neptuni, Mycale (Mycale)quadripartita.Off Augusto Corrêa (including 00 o 38’N–45 o 52’05”W):Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina reticulum,Leucascus simplex, Leucetta floridana.Marabá (Serra dos Carajás, Itacaiúnas River):Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia cristata.Off Marajó Island (including 01 o 57’05”N–47 o 13’05”W;01 o 50’N–47 o 28’05”W):Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra armata.Óbidos (Amazonas River, Lago Grande):Drulia brownii, Metania spinata.Oriximiná (Trombetas River):Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia conifera,218

List of Species by LocalityPottsiela spoliata.Rurópolis (Tambor River):Oncosclera navicella.Off Salinópolis (00 o 23.0’S–47 o 16.1’W):Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita.Santana do Araguaia (Araguaia River, da Mata Pond):Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Druliabrownii, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongillacarvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula.Santarém (Arapiuns River, Tapajós River, Maró River,Curuá-Una River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Druliaconifera, Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis,Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata,Oncosclera intermedia, Oncosclera navicella,Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsielaspoliata, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongillavariabilis.São João de Pirabas: Pirabas Formation (Oligo-Miocene):†Aphrocallistes estevoui, †Aphrocallistes lobata,†Manzonia aprutina.Tucuruí (Tocantins River, Nazaré dos Patos):Acanthotylotra alvarengai, Corvospongilla seckti,Drulia conifera, Drulia ctenosclera, Druliauruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncoscleraspinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata,Trochospongilla repens.Rondônia State:Locality not informed (Guaporé River):Drulia brownii.Candeias do Jamari (Jamari River):Oncosclera spinifera.Porto Velho (Jamari River, Verde River):Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metaniafittkaui, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae,Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.Roraima State:Altamira (Iriri River):Pottsiela pesae.Alto Alegre (Uraricoera River, Maracá Island, SerrinhaCreek):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania spinata,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillavariabilis.Amajari (Ereu River):Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Spongillaspoliata, Uruguaya corallioides.Boa Vista (Cauamé River):Pottsiela pesae.Bonfim (da Arraia Creek):Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsielapesae, Uruguaya corallioides.Caracaraí (Bem Querer Waterfall):Pottsiela pesae.Caroebe (Jatapu H.P.S.):Pottsiela pesae.Normandia (Caracaranã Lake):Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.Tocantins State:Araguatins (Araguaia River, Taquari River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia cristata, Druliactenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyeniacristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Oncoscleraschubarti, Oncosclera spinifera, Oncoscleratonollii, Pottsiela pesae, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.Caseara (Araguaia River, da Queimada Pond):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Druliacristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania reticulata,Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera,Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilladelicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongillapaulula, Trochospongilla repens.Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond, Pond 2):Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncoscleranavicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongillagregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai,Trochospongilla paulula.Sandolândia (Araguaia River):Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella,Oncosclera spinifera, Trochospongilla repens.NORTHEAST REGION:State not informed (freshwater):Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera.State not informed (marine):Agelas dispar, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)vaginalis, Chalinula molitba, Cliona varians,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Timea stellifasciata.Alagoas State:Locality not informed (marine):219

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaCliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Geodiacorticostylifera, Geodia neptuni, Ircinia strobilina,Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Off Barra de Camaragibe (09 o 24’02”S–35 o 18’02”W):Grantia kempfi.Off Barra de Santo Antonio (09 o 27’08”S–35 o 12’07”W):Leucetta floridana.Barra de São Miguel (Niquim River):Ephydatia facunda.Off Coruripe (10 o 12’06”S–36 o 00’05”W):Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana.Off Japaratinga (including 09 o 05’S–034 o 50’W;09 o 27’08”S–35 o 12’07”W):Characella aspera, Corallistes typus, Geodianeptuni, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana,Leucilla uter, Phakellia connexiva.Maceió (freshwater) (Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons):Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Spongilla alba,Trochospongilla paulula.Maceió and off Maceió (marine) (including PontaVerde Reef; 9 o 40’S–35 o 18’W; 10º11’S–35º22’W;10 o 09’S–35 o 11’W; 09 o 41’04”S–35 o 28’02”W; 09 o 46’02”S–35 o 34’07”W; 09 o 46’02”S–35 o 34’07”W):Agelas dispar, Amphimedon complanata,Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis,Aplysina fulva, Chalinula molitba, Chondrillanucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria,Echinodictyum dendroides, Euplectella suberea,Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona(Reniera) manglaris, Haliclona (Rhizoniera)curacaoensis, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia strobilina, Leucettafloridana, Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata,Niphates erecta, Penares anisoxia, Pheronemacarpenteri, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella coccinea,Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,Tethya maza, Thenea fenestrata, Vosmaeropsissericatum.Off Maragogi (including off Barra Grande; 09 o 09’S–034 o 53’W; 09 o 01’00”S–34 o 51’02”W; 09 o 01’05”S–35 o 01’03”W; 09 o 01’05”S–35 o 01’03”W):Aplysina lacunosa, Cacospongia levis, Geodianeptuni, Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Marechal Deodoro and off Marechal Deodoro (including09 o 53’03”S–35 o 41’03”W):Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale(Mycale) arenaria, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Off Paripueira (09 o 41’04”S–35 o 23’02”W; 09 o 41’S–35 o 18’W):Grantia kempfi.Passo de Camaragibe:Geodia papyracea.Off Piaçabuçu (including Pontal do Peba; 10 o 24’05”S–36 o 13’02”W; 10 o 26’03”S–36 o 03’03”W; 10 o 28’09”S–36 o 15’05”W; 10 o 30’02”S–36 o 05’05”W):Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Vosmaeropsissericatum.Santana do Ipanema (Ipanema River):Spongilla alba.Off São Miguel dos Milagres (09 o 20’06”S–35 o 10’07”W):Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata.Bahia State:Locality not informed (freshwater) (Grande River,Carinhanha River):Drulia brownii.Locality not informed (marine):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroiacrassa, Amphoriscus synapta, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrellakuekenthali, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix,Cliona varians, Didiscus oxeata, Erylus formosus,Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodiaglariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina,Monanchora arbuscula, Polymastia janeirensis,Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta anancora,Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Verongula gigantea.Abrolhos Region (including Abrolhos Archipelago, Parceldos Abrolhos, Parcel das Paredes, Timbebas Reef,California Reef, etc.):Aplysina alcicornis, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysinacristagallus, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,Aplysina insularis, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysinalacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Callyspongia(Callyspongia) laboreli, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)vaginalis, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa,Cliona celata complex, Dysidea janiae, Irciniastrobilina, Leucetta floridana, Monanchoraarbuscula, Stelletta anasteria, Tethya brasiliana,Tethya cyanae, Tethya ignis, Tethya rubra.Off Abrolhos (including 17 o 42’S–37 o 30’W; 17 o 55’S–37 o 30’W; 18 o 06’S–38 o 42’W; 18 o 09’S–38 o 20’W; 18 o 09’S–38 o 30’W; 18.023 o S–37.365 o W; 18.059 o S–37.315 o W):Acarnus toxeata, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,Grantia kempfi, Guancha tetela, Hyattella cavernosa,Leucandra armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta220

List of Species by Localityfloridana, Leucilla uter, Stelletta anancora,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Açú da Torre:Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides.Barra (Grande River, Paramirim River):Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula.Off Belmonte (including 15 o 47’S–38 o 45’W; 15.828 o S–38.607 o W; 16 o 02’S–38 o 28’05”W; 16.117 o S–38.170 o W):Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata, Aiolochroia crassa,Aplysina orthoreticulata, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,Diplastrella megastellata, Grantia kempfi, Hyattellacavernosa, Iotrochota birotulata, Leucilla uter,Monanchora arbuscula.Off Boipeba (including 20.402 o S–39.923 o W):Agelas conifera, Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata,Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa,Hyattella cavernosa.Camaçari (Guarajuba Beach):Acanthotetilla walteri, Cinachyrella alloclada,Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Yucataniasphaeroidocladus.Off Canavieiras (15.568 o S–38.830 o W):Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa,Geodia glariosa.Casa Nova:Heteromeyenia cristalina.Hotspur Seamount (including 17.797 o S–35.881 o W;17.800 o S–35.875 o W; 18.023 o S–35.891 o W):Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia(Cladochalina) pergamentacea.Off Ilhéus (14.808 o S–38.917 o W):Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Hyattellacavernosa.Irecê (Jacaré River):Racekiela cavernicola.Itacaré:Aplysina fulva.Itaparica Island:Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Craniellaquirimure, Geodia gibberosa.Jaguaripe (13 o 02.857’S–038 o 48.857’W):Craniella quirimure.Maraú (including Camamu Bay; 13 o 58’S–038 o 59’W;14 o 04’49”S–38 o 49’36”W):Craniella quirimure, Thrombus kittoni.Mata de São João (Praia do Forte):Cliona celata complex.Minerva Seamount (including 17.098 o S–36.752 o W;17.042 o S–37.608 o W):Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysinalacunosa, Verongula gigantea.Nova Viçosa:Aplysina fulva.Porto Seguro and off Porto Seguro:Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Clionavarians, Geodia glariosa.Prado and off Prado (including Corumbau andCumuruxatiba districts):Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysinafulva, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Clathria(Clathria) calypso, Geodia glariosa.Rodgers Seamount (including 17.066 o S–36.808 o W;17.103 o S–36.741 o W):Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Hyattellacavernosa.Royal Charlotte Seamount:Aplysina pseudolacunosa.Salvador (freshwater) (Parque do Abaeté):Corvomeyenia thumi.Salvador and off Salvador (marine) (including Todosos Santos Bay; 12 o 56’S–38 o 33’W; 12 o 57.7’S–38 o 31.1’W;13.054 o S–38.422 o W; 13.075 o S–38.392 o W; 13 o 17.580’S–38 o 17.599’W):Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysinacauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina insularis,Axinella corrugata, Axinella echidnaea,Cacospongia amorpha, Callyspongia (Callyspongia)pallida, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa,Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea,Caminus sphaeroconia, Chelonaplysilla erecta,Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrellakuekenthali, Clathria (Thalysias) procera, Clionacelata complex, Cliona delitrix, Cliona dioryssa,Craniella carteri, Desmapsamma anchorata,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Dysideafragilis, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta, Erylusformosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,Geodia glariosa, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona(Soestella) melana, Hyattella cavernosa, Iotrochotabirotulata, Ircinia felix, Leiodermatium pfeifferae,Lophocalyx reiswigi, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale(Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina)laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa,Mycale (Mycale) laevis, Mycale (Zygomycale)angulosa, Oceanapia fistulosa, Oceanapia nodosa,Oceanapia putridosa, Petromica (Chaladesma)ciocalyptoides, Phorbas plumosus, Placospongiacristata, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Psammociniacompacta, Psammoclema porosum, Raspailia(Raspailia) tenuis, Samus anonymus, Scolopesmoseleyi, Spongia (Spongia) lobosa, Stelletta221

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaanancora, Stelletta crassispicula, Stelletta kallitetilla,Stelletta soteropolitana, Stylocordyla borealis,Suberites aurantiacus, Sycettusa flamma, Tedania(Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Thrinacophorafuniformis, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Tribrachiumschmidtii, Verongula gigantea.Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (16 o 15’S–38 o 52’W):Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Santo Antonio Seamount:Aaptos bergmanni, Aplysina cauliformis, Phorbasramosus.Sento Sé (São Francisco River, Sem-Sem Lake):Oncosclera navicella.Off Trancoso (including 16.786 o S–37.686 o W;16 o 34’01.55”S–38 o 46’18.20”W):Aplysina fulva.Valença and off Valença (including Morro de São Paulodistrict; 13 o 18’S–38 o 42’W; 13 o 28’S–38 o 50’W; 13 o 28’S–38 o 48’W; 13 o 22.173’S–038 o 36.566’W):Aplysina fulva, Dysidea fragilis, Forcepia (Forcepia)trilabis, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror,Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia ramosa, Mycale(Mycale) quadripartita.Ceará State:Locality not informed (freshwater):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongilla amazonensis.Locality not informed (marine):Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysinafistularis, Aplysina fulva, Erylus formosus, Geodiacorticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hippospongialachne, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta potiguar,Sarcotragus fasciculatus.Off Acaraú (02 o 04’S–40 o 13’W):Leucetta floridana.Off Beberibe (3 o 50.5598’S–37 o 37.6930’W):Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,Erylus formosus.Off Bitupitá (02 o 20’S–41 o 20’W):Leucetta floridana.Camocim (including ‘near’ and ‘off’ Camocim; 02 o 20’S–40 o 47’W):Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis,Hippospongia lachne, Leucilla uter, Sarcotragusfasciculatus.Canoa Quebrada:Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysinapseudolacunosa.Canopus Seamount (02 o 15’S–38 o 15’W):Leucetta floridana.Off Caucaia (03 o 12’S–38 o 30’W):Leucetta floridana.Fortaleza and off Fortaleza (including 02 o 49’S–38 o 15’W;03 o 34.399’S–038 o 22.840’W):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysinalactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina muricyana,Aplysina solangeae, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)vaginalis, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Clathria (Clathria) prolifera,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasia ferox, Geodiacorticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hyalonema(Coscinonema) schmidti, Hyattella cavernosa,Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana,Monanchora arbuscula, Petromica (Chaladesma)ciocalyptoides, Sarcotragus fasciculatus,Sigmaxinella cearense, Topsentia ophiraphidites.Off Itarema (including 02 o 10’S–39 o 50’W; 02 o 22’S–39 o 36’W):Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandraarmata, Leucetta floridana.Trairi and off Trairi (including Flexeiras Beach;02 o 52’05”S–38 o 49’W; 02 o 52’S–39 o 04’W):Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex,Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucetta floridana,Placospongia intermedia, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Maranhão State:Locality not informed (marine):Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni,Oceanapia nodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis.Off Araioses (02 o 12’00”S–41 o 48’00”W):Erylus formosus, Ulosa longimycalostylifera.Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassouras Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera.Off Barreirinhas (including 01 o 55’00”S–42 o 44’00”W;01 o 57’01”S–42 o 24’15”w; 01 o 57’01”S–42 o 23’15”W):Agelas dispar, Oceanapia bartschi, Topsentiaophiraphidites.Off Cururupu (00 o 51’44”S–44 o 21’24”W):Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica, Neopetrosiaproxima.Penalva (Pindarí River, Formoso Lake):Heteromeyenia cristalina.Santo Amaro do Maranhão (Lençóis Maranhenses, doPico Pond, Lagoinha, Cajueiro Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyeniathumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillavariabilis.222

List of Species by LocalityOff São Luís (including 00 o 35’12”S–43 o 20’55”W; 00 o 56’S–43 o 41’05”W; 01 o 51’00”S–43 o 48’00”W):Agelas wiedenmayeri, Amphimedon caribica,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Haliclona(Halichoclona) lernerae, Leucetta floridana,Myrmekioderma rea, Neopetrosia proxima,Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphates erecta,Oceanapia bartschi, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi,Timea bioxyasterina, Topsentia ophiraphidites,Xestospongia muta.Off Serrano do Maranhão (00 o 22’00”S–44 o 12’00”W;00º03’N–44º32’W; 00 o 31’00”S–44 o 16’00”W):Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Oceanapianodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Topsentiaophiraphidites.Off Turiaçu (00 o 11’13”N–44 o 46’12”W; 00 o 20’38”S–44 o 17’38”W; 00 o 20’50”N–45 o 00’06”W; 00 o 22’N–44 o 52’W;00 o 27’03”N–45 o 34’85”W):Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica,Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Neopetrosiaproxima, Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphateserecta, Niphates lutea, Oceanapia bartschi,Xestospongia muta.Tutóia (freshwater) (Lençóis Maranhenses, da CoceiraPond, Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do ArpoadorPond, Ponta do Mangue Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyeniathumi, Metania spinata, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.Tutóia and off Tutóia (marine) (including 02 o 12’S–42 o 25’W; off Parnaíba River Delta):Agelas schmidti, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita,Neopetrosia proxima.Paraíba State:Locality not informed (marine):Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrilla nucula complex,Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni, Monanchoraarbuscula, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Off João Pessoa (06 o 56’34”S–33 o 49’07”W; 07 o 08’S–34 o 26’W):Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter.Off Pitimbu (including 7 o 29’S–34 o 30’W; 7 o 29’S–34 o 29’W;07 o 29’00”S–34 o 45’00”W):Aiolochroia crassa, Dysidea fragilis, Eryluscorneus, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni,Grantessa anisactina, Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx(Anomodoryx) recife, Penares chelotropa,Rhabdastrella virgula, Tethya japonica.Off Rio Tinto (06 o 47’S–34 o 36’W):Leucetta floridana.Sousa (Redonda Pond):Corvospongilla volkmeri.Pernambuco State:Locality not informed (marine):Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrosia collectrix,Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion,Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Cliona celata complex,Cliona varians, Erylus formosus, Euplectellasuberea, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,Geodia glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Irciniastrobilina, Placospongia carinata, Spheciospongiavesparium, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08 o 16’07”S–34 o 54’01”W;08 o 16’02”S–34 o 51’07”W; 08 o 17’04”S–34 o 52’02”W;08 o 19’09”S–34 o 53’05”W; 08 o 19’S–34 o 39’W; 08 o 20’S–34 o 39’W):Cinachyrella apion, Echinodictyum dendroides,Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata, Leucettafloridana, Leucilla uter, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Fernando de Noronha Archipelago:Acarnus innominatus, Agelas clathrodes, Agelasdispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga,Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis,Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)pergamentacea, Chondrilla nucula complex,Chondrosia collectrix, Chondropsis arenifera,Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Clathria(Thalysias) minuta, Clathrina aurea, Clionacarteri, Cliona varians, Craniella cranium,Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba)latex, Desmanthus meandroides, Diplastrellamegastellata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysideaetheria, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni, Erylusformosus, Gastrophanella cavernicola, Geodiapapyracea, Hymeniacidon perlevis, Igernellanotabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia felix, Irciniastrobilina, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla sacculata,Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis,Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,Niphates amorpha, Niphates erecta, Petromica(Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Petrosia (Petrosia)weinbergi, Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrellamicrospiculifera, Plakortis angulospiculatus,Plakortis insularis, Ptilocaulis bistyla, Scopalinaruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Spongia (Spongia)barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis, Spongia(Spongia) pertusa, Suberites carnosus, Tethyaaurantium, Topsentia ophiraphidites,223

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaVosmaeropsis sericatum, Xestospongia grayi,Xestospongia muta.Off Goiana (07 o 40’02”S–34 o 43’02”W; 07 o 40’S–34 o 28’07”W):Grantia kempfi, Leucetta floridana.Ipojuca:Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,Tethya rubra.Itamaracá Island and off Itamaracá (including 07 o 42’S–34 o 46’05”W; 07 o 44’03”S–34 o 37’03”W; 07 o 45’S–34 o 33’W;07 o 45’S–34 o 43’05”W; 07 o 45’S–34 o 46’08”W):Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter.Jaboatão dos Guararapes (Olho d’Água Lagoon):Crella (Grayella) spinosa.Off Olinda (08 o 00’S–34 o 32’03”W; 08 o 00’S–34 o 39’07”W;08 o 00’S–34 o 46’W; 08 o 01’05”S–34 o 39’03”W):Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Paulista and off Paulista (including Maria FarinhaBeach; 07 o 50’S–34 o 44’05”W):Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona celata complex,Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucilla uter,Thrinacophora funiformis.Off Porto de Galinhas (including 8 o 25’S–34 o 48’W; 8 o 28’S–34 o 55’W):Cornulum tylotum, Dysidea fragilis, Hyattellacavernosa, Ircinia campana, Lissodendoryx(Anomodoryx) recife, Placospongia cristata, Tedania(Tedania) ignis.Recife and off Recife (including 08 o 06’04”S–34 o 49’04”W;08 o 09’03”S–34 o 49’03”W; 08 o 09’09”S–34 o 45’08”W;08 o 10’04”S–34 o 45’05”W; 08 o 11’S–34 o 45’03”W; 08 o 11’S–34 o 50’08”W; 08 o 14’01”S–34 o 51’05”W; 8 o 15’S–34 o 42’W;08 o 16’01”S–34 o 19’09”W; 8 o 19’S–34 o 39’W; 8 o 22’S–34 o 44’W;8 o 23’S–34 o 42’W):Aaptos bergmanni, Acarnus radovani, Agelasclathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysinalacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Ascaltispoterium, Asteropus brasiliensis, Callyspongia(Cladochalina) vaginalis, Cervicornia cuspidifera,Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellakuekenthali, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Clathria(Wilsonella) nigra, Clathrina reticulum, Clionaschmidti, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera,Craniella corticata, Desmapsamma anchorata,Dysidea etheria, Fasciospongia caliculata, Gelliodesramosa, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa,Geodia papyracea, Geodia tylastra, Grantiakempfi, Hippospongia lachne, Hyattella cavernosa,Igernella notabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Irciniapauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucandraarmata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta floridana,Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale(Carmia) microsigmatosa, Neopetrosia carbonaria,Oceanapia nodulosa, Pione carpenteri, Placospongiacarinata, Plakina trilopha, Ptilocaulis bistyla,Ptilocaulis braziliensis, Ptilocaulis fosteri,Rhabdastrella fibrosa, Sarcotragus fasciculatus,Scalarispongia cincta, Scolopes moseleyi, Scopalinaruetzleri, Spheciospongia symbiotica, Spirastrellahartmani, Stelletta anancora, Sycon frustulosum,Sycon vigilans, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tethyadiploderma, Tethya rubra, Tethya seychellensis,Timea mixta, Topsentia ophiraphidites,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Off São José da Coroa Grande (08 o 56’02”S–35 o 02’07”W):Leucetta floridana, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Serinhaém:Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva.Tamandaré (including Ponta dos Carneiros):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroiacrassa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fulva, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia(Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Chondrillanucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clionacelata complex, Cliona varians, Desmapsammaanchorata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasiaferox, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,Ircinia strobilina, Monanchora arbuscula,Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Niphatesamorpha, Placospongia intermedia, Plakortisangulospiculatus, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrellahartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Topsentiaophiraphidites.Piauí State:Locality not informed:Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Rio Grande do Norte State:Locality not informed (marine):Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,Aplysina lacunosa, Erylus formosus, Geodiagibberosa, Geodia papyracea, Hyattella cavernosa,Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria, Leucettafloridana, Leucilla uter, Scopalina ruetzleri, Tedania(Tedania) ignis.Atol das Rocas and surroundings (including 03 o 50’S–33 o 54’W; 03 o 51’S–33 o 50’W):Acanthotetilla rocasensis, Acarnus innominatus,224

List of Species by LocalityAcarnus radovani, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar,Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon compressa,Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina muricyana,Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chondrillanucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix,Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona varians, Dercitus(Halinastra) luteus, Diplastrella megastellata,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea fragilis,Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus formosus, Holoxeaviolacea, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Irciniapauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria,Leucetta floridana, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,Niphates erecta, Oceanapia nodosa, Petrosia(Petrosia) weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera,Plakortis insularis, Plakortis microrhabdifera,Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Topsentiaophiraphidites, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Off Caiçara do Norte (04 o 44’S–36 o 03’W):Grantia kempfi, Leucaltis clathria, Leucettafloridana.Extremoz:Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians.Grande Seamount (3 o 28’0.00”S–36 o 06’05”W):Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Vosmaeropsissericatum.Off Icapuí (04 o 27’S–37 o 04’W):Leucetta floridana.Januário Cicco (Capão da Horta Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyeniathumi, Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongillaamazonensis.Natal and off Natal (including 05 o 45’05”S–34 o 58’05”W;05 o 41’05”S–35 o 05’06”W):Clathrina atlantica, Cliona celata complex, Geodiapapyracea, Leucetta floridana.Nísia Floresta (Redonda Pond, Seca Pond):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli.Parnamirim:Cliona varians.Potiguar Basin (including Guamaré Harbour; off AreiaBranca; off Porto do Mangue; off Macau; off Guamaré; offGalinhos):Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar,Agelas schmidti, Agelas sventres, Aiolochroiacrassa, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysinacauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Asteropusniger, Biemna microacanthosigma, Callyspongia(Callyspongia) fallax, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis,Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathrinaaurea, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix,Cliona varians, Desmapsamma anchorata, Didiscusoxeata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Echinodictyumdendroides, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni,Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodiagibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia neptuni,Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina,Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra serrata, Leucascusroseus, Leucetta floridana, Leucetta potiguar,Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Zygomycale)angulosa, Neopetrosia proxima, Niphates erecta,Oceanapia bartschi, Oceanapia peltata, Paraleucillasphaerica, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides,Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrella microspiculifera,Plakortis angulospiculatus, Plakortismicrorhabdifera, Psammocinia compacta, Ptilocauliswalpersi, Sigmaxinella cearense, Spheciospongiavesparium, Spirastrella hartmani, Stelletta gigas,Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Thorecta atlantica,Topsentia ophiraphidites, Xestospongia muta.Off Touros (04 o 41’S–35 o 24’05”W):Vosmaeropsis sericatum.São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago andsurroundings (including 00 o 94’S–025 o 29’W):Aiolochroia crassa, Alectona mesatlantica,Aplysina fulva, Asteropus niger, Chondrosiacollectrix, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Dercitus(Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba) latex,Didiscus oxeata, Discodermia dissoluta, Dysideaetheria, Erylus latens, Geodia neptuni, Plakinastrellamicrospiculifera, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrellahartmani, Stelletta gigas, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Sergipe State:Off Barra dos Coqueiros (10 o 54’S–36 o 45’W):Chondrilla nucula complex, Hyattella cavernosa,Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia ramosa, Lissodendoryx(Anomodoryx) tylota, Stelletta anancora, Plakortisangulospiculatus.Canindé do São Francisco:Drulia cristata.Off Pacatuba (including off the mouth of São Franciscoriver; 10 o 46’S–036 o 02’W; 10 o 42’S–36 o 22’05”W; 10 o 42’07”S–36 o 31’07”W):Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana, Polymastiacorticata.Southeast Region225

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaState not informed (marine):Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclerabrasiliensis, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodiagibberosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Oceanapianodosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri,Tetilla radiata.Espírito Santo State:Locality not informed (marine):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroiacrassa, Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrellakuekenthali, Cliona varians, Erylus formosus,Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodiaglariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina,Stelletta anancora, Verongula gigantea.Camburi:Cliona celata complex, Geodia gibberosa,Polymastia janeirensis.Guarapari and off Guarapari (including Três IlhasArchipelago; 20 o 36’S–40 o 23’W; 20 o 40’S–40 o 30’W;20.633 o S–40.025 o W):Aaptos aaptos, Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrillanucula complex, Cliona celata complex,Cliona varians, Darwinella australiensis,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus formosus,Geodia corticostylifera, Hyattella cavernosa, Mycale(Mycale) arenaria, Polymastia janeirensis.Off Itaúnas (18.594 o S–37.913 o W; 18.663 o S–37.870 o W):Acarnus toxeata, Agelas schmidti, Aplysina lacunosa.Off Linhares (including off the mouth of Doce River;19.272 o S–38.019 o W; 19.296 o S–37.954 o W, 19.520 o S–38.768 o W; 19.527 o S–38.768 o W; 19.732 o S–38.365 o W):Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrahelena, Diplastrella megastellata, Hyattellacavernosa, Timea cumana.Off Marataízes (21 o 10’S–40 o 42’W; 21.165 o S–40.329 o W):Cyamon vickersii.Off Piúma (20.849 o S–40.167 o W):Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas schmidti, Hyattellacavernosa, Verongula gigantea.Santa Cruz:Amphimedon viridis, Geodia glariosa.Off São Mateus (18 o 51’S–39 o 08’W):Agelas dispar, Dysidea avara, Jaspis salvadori.Trindade Island and surroundings (including 20.519 o S–29.351 o W):Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga,Chalinula molitba, Chondrilla nucula complex,Chondrosia collectrix, Ectyoplasia ferox, Eryluslatens, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Irciniastrobilina, Leucandra rudifera, Petrosia (Petrosia)weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Topsentiaophiraphidites, Verongula gigantea.Vila Velha:Cliona varians.Vitória and off Vitória (including 20 o 20’S–40 o 10’W;20.402 o S–39.923 o W):Agelas conifera, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysinalacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Hyattellacavernosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Verongulagigantea.Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (including VitóriaBank; 20.706 o S–35.457 o W; 20.604 o S–35.860 o W; 20.511 o S–35.838 o W; 20.483 o S–36.100 o W; 20.351 o S–36.637 o W;19.813 o S–37.943 o W; 19.800 o S–37.773 o W; 20.673 o S–37.710 o W; 20.857 o S–33.643 o W; 20.951 o S–34.006 o W;20.676 o S–34.589 o W; 20.616 o S–34.951 o W; 20.614 o S–34.894 o W; 20.704 o S–35.704 o W; 20.487 o S–36.103 o W;20.347 o S–36.642 o W; 19.808 o S–37.939 o W; 20.857 o S–33.636 o W; 20.678 o S–34.584 o W; 20 o 25’S–35 o 00’W;20 o 32’S–35 o 46’W; 20 o 38’05”S–37 o 28’W; 20 o 40’S–37 o 48’W;20º42’S–37º27’W):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar,Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysinacauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysinapseudolacunosa, Callyspongia (Callyspongia)coppingeri, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellakuekenthali, Clathrina atlantica, Clathrinareticulum, Cliona carteri, Euplectella suberea,Grantia atlantica, Hyalonema (Cyliconema)conqueror, Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei,Hyattella cavernosa, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandraarmata, Leucandra barbata, Leucandra crassior,Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Lophocalyxbrasiliensis, Sycettusa pelagica, Verongula gigantea,Vosmaeropsis sericatum.Minas Gerais State:Araguari (Paranaíba River):Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillapaulula.Cachoeira Dourada (Paranaíba River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,Trochospongilla repens.Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem NoitePond, Olaria dos Datos Pond):Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula,Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla variabilis.226

List of Species by LocalityJoão Pinheiro (spongillites; several ponds, includingPreguiça and Avião ponds):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillavariabilis.Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond):Metania spinata, Trochospongilla variabilis.Rio de Janeiro State:Locality not informed (freshwater):Spongilla alba.Locality not informed (marine):Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroiacrassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva,Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Sycon ampulla, Tedania(Tedania) ignis, Tribrachium schmidtii.Almirante Saldanha Seamount (including 22 o 22’56”S–37 o 35’15”W; 22.376 o S–37.659 o W; 22.382 o S–37.588 o W):Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis,Aplysina fulva, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus almirante, Erylusfluminense, Erylus revizee.Angra dos Reis (including Ilha Grande; Ilha Grande Bay):Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia(Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta,Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Clathrina angraensis, Clathrina aspina,Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Clionacelata complex, Desmapsamma anchorata,Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria,Geodia gibberosa, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,Hyattella cavernosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila,Leucandra serrata, Leucilla uter, Mycale(Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila)escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa,Paraleucilla magna, Paraleucilla perlucida,Scopalina ruetzleri, Suberites aurantiacus, Suberitescaminatus, Suberites carnosus, Sycettusa hastifera,Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania (Trachytedania)spinata, Terpios fugax.Armação dos Búzios:Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Arenosclerabrasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Chelonaplysillaerecta, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria(Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina aurea,Clathrina conifera, Cliona celata complex,Cliona dioryssa, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae,Dysidea robusta, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodiagibberosa, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,Oceanapia nodosa, Petromica (Chaladesma)ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Suberitesaurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Terpiosfugax.Arraial do Cabo (freshwater):Heteromeyenia cristalina.Arraial do Cabo (marine):Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclerabrasiliensis, Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinellacorrugata, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida,Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa,Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex,Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Microciona)campecheae, Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Clathrinaascandroides, Clathrina aspina, Clathrina aurea,Clathrina brasiliensis, Clathrina conifera, Clathrinacylindractina, Clathrina quadriradiata, Clathrinatetractina, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa,Darwinella gardineri, Dragmacidon reticulatum,Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta,Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Guitarrasepia, Halichondria panicea, Hymeniacidonheliophila, Leucandra rudifera, Leucascussimplex, Leucilla uter, Leucosolenia arachnoides,Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa,Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma)ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalinaruetzleri, Sycettusa hastifera, Sycon ampulla,Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania)ignis.Cabo Frio:Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Polymastiajaneirensis.Cabo de São Tomé:Acarnus nicoleae, Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrinabrasiliensis, Sycon brasiliense, Tedania (Tedania)brasiliensis, Vosmaeropsis levis.Campos dos Goytacazes (freshwater) (Feia Lagoon):Spongilla alba.Campos dos Goytacazes (marine) and off Camposdos Goytacazes (including 22 o 12’S–40 o 59’W; 22 o 21’S–41 o 09’W):Cliona raphida, Geodia corticostylifera, Polymastia227

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferajaneirensis, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae.Campos Basin (including start 21 o 48.839’S–39 o 48.112’W,end 21 o 45.433’S–39 o 48.857’W; start 22 o 30.727’S–40 o 00.942’W, end 22 o 28.725’S–39 o 58.610’W; start22 o 24.449’S–39 o 55.280’W, end 22 o 21.936’S–39 o 53.602’W):Acanthella flagelliformis, Chonelasma choanoides,Euplectella suberea, Eurete atlantica, Farrea occa,Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror, Saccocalyxpedunculatus.Itacuruçá Island:Chondrilla nucula complex, Paraleucilla magna.Off Macaé (22.319 o S–40.826 o W):Acarnus radovani.Off Mangaratiba (24.365 o S–43.602 o W):Aphrocallistes beatrix.Off Maricá (23 o 06’S–42 o 50’W):Suberites caminatus.Niterói:Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata,Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna,Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Parati:Amphimedon viridis, Cinachyrella alloclada, Geodiapapyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Mycale(Zygomycale) angulosa.Quissamã (Feia Lagoon):Spongilla alba.Rio de Janeiro (freshwater) (Jacarepaguá):Spongilla alba.Rio de Janeiro (marine) (including Guanabara Bay andcoastal Islands):Aplysilla rosea, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chondrilla nuculacomplex, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera,Cliona celata complex, Dragmacidon reticulatum,Dysidea etheria, Euryspongia rosea, Geodiacorticostylifera, Guitarra sepia, Hymeniacidonheliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale(Carmia) microsigmatosa, Oceanapia nodosa,Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma)citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri,Suberites caminatus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania(Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya maza, Tetillaeuplocamos, Tetilla radiata.Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (21.517 o S–40.300 o W;21.500 o S–40.300 o W):Aiolochroia crassa, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita.Sepetiba (including Sepetiba Bay):Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata,Leucandra serrata, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)isodictyalis, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa,Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Paraleucilla magna,Stelletta beae, Tetilla radiata.Trindade:Amphimedon viridis.São Paulo State:Locality not informed (freshwater):Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Eunapiusfragilis, Metania spinata, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.Locality not informed (marine):Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Cliona celatacomplex, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,Geodia glariosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Alcatrazes Archipelago:Clathrina alcatraziensis, Clathrina aurea, Clathrinaconifera, Guitarra sepia, Leucascus roseus,Paraleucilla magna, Sycon pentactinale, Tedania(Tedania) brasiliensis.Off Bertioga (24 o 07.637’S–45 o 51.895’W):Halicometes minuta.Brotas (Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir):Metania spinata.Off Cananéia (26 o 01.26’S–46 o 25.26’W):Halicometes minuta.Guarujá and off Guarujá (including 25 o 36.988’S–045 o 13.571’W):Desmacella annexa, Esperiopsis bathyalis, Mycale(Zygomycale) angulosa, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)phakellina, Rhabderemia besnardi, Rhabderemiauruguaiensis.Iguape (Ribeira do Iguape River):Radiospongilla amazonensis.Ilhabela and off Ilhabela (including 24 o 01’S–44 o 45’W;24 o 06’S–45 o 29’W; 24 o 17.939’S–44 o 35.983’W; 24 o 43’S–45 o 10’W; 25 o 11.005’S–044 o 56.6’W; 25 o 18.874’S–44 o 52.516’W):Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,Aplysina caissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Asteropusbrasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia(Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta,Chondrilla nucula complex, Ciocalypta alba,Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathrinaaurea, Clathrina tetractina, Cliona celata complex,Cliona dioryssa, Desmacella annexa, Desmanthusmeandroides, Dragmaxia anomala, Dysideaetheria, Erylus soesti, Geodia corticostylifera,Guitarra sepia, Halichondria (Halichondria)sulfurea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Halicometesminuta, Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera,228

List of Species by LocalityHymeniacidon heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula,Mycale (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale(Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina)laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera,Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale(Naviculina) arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina)purpurata, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis, Oceanapianodosa, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucillamagna, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Raspailia(Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)phakellina, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stellettabeae, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania(Trachytedania) biraphidora, Tetilla radiata.Off Ilha Comprida (26 o 01.26’S–046 o 25.26’W):Halicometes minuta.Itapura (Tietê River):Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens,Uruguaya corallioides.Itirapina (Dourada Pond):Metania spinata.Off Peruíbe (25 o 57.39’S–045 o 34.25’W):Characella pachastrelloides.Pontal (Pardo River):Trochospongilla repens.Porto Ferreira:Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla variabilis.São Carlos (Jacaré-Guaçu River, São Carlos EcologicalPark):Radiospongilla amazonensis.São Sebastião:Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon erina,Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysinacaissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva,Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata,Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysillaerecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrellaalloclada, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae,Clathrina aurea, Cliona celata complex, Clionadioryssa, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysideaetheria, Dysidea janiae, Geodia corticostylifera,Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodiapapyracea, Halichondria (Halichondria)cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria)migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea,Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica, Haliclona(Soestella) melana, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale(Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila)escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae,Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris,Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Myxilla (Myxilla)mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa, Pachychalinaalcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica(Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis,Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae, Suberitesaurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax,Tethya diploderma, Tethya maza, Tetilla radiata,Timea authia.Ubatuba and off Ubatuba (including 23 o 26’S–44 o 48’W;23 o 43’S–44 o 57’W; 24 o 09.0’S–44 o 22.5’W; 24 o 20.844’S–44 o 09.913’W):Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex,Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathrina conifera,Dysidea etheria, Guancha blanca, Halichondria(Halichondria) magniconulosa, Halicometesminuta, Hymenancora tenuissima, Mycale(Mycale) beatrizae, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,Pachastrella monilifera, Pachychalina alcaloidifera,Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Suberitescaminatus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania(Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tetilla radiata.South Region:Paraná State:Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Piquiri, Ivaí,Paraná, and river not informed):Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli, Druliabrownii, Metania spinata, Oncosclera navicella,Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.Butiá (Jacuí River):Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola,Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla repens.Campina da Lagoa (Piquiri River, Porto Bananeira):Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera tonollii,Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.Carlópolis (Itararé River):Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná River, Iguaçu Falls):Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens.Guaíra (rivers Paraná, Chororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê,Pinto, São João, São Francisco Falso, São FranciscoVerdadeiro, São Vicente):Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella,Potamophloios guairensis, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla repens.229

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaIretama (Formoso River):Oncosclera navicella.Prudentópolis:Oncosclera jewelli.Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel):Chondrilla nucula complex, Mycale (Zygomycale)angulosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.Santa Helena (Paraná River):Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis.Santa Maria do Oeste (Piquiri River):Oncosclera tonollii, Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.Rio Grande do Sul State:Locality not informed (freshwater) (Uruguay Basin,South Atlantic Basin, Caí River, Bom Jardim Stream, Deltado Jacuí State Park, Gravataí River, Guaíba River, JacuíRiver):Anheteromeyenia ornata, Corvospongilla seckti,Drulia brownii, Ephydatia facunda, Eunapiusfragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayellaiguazuensis, Oncosclera jewelli, Oncoscleranavicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillapaulula, Trochospongilla variabilis.Locality not informed (marine):Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Erylusformosus.Aratiba (Uruguai River):Houssayella iguazuensis, Uruguaya corallioides.Arroio do Tigre (Jacuí River):Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis,Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola,Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.Bagé (small pond near road to Fort Santa Tecla):Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae.Barra do Ribeiro (Guaíba River, das Capivaras pond,flooded field between dunes):Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis,Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Racekiela sheilae, Trochospongilla minuta,Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis,Uruguaya corallioides.Belém Novo:Corvospongilla seckti.Cambará do Sul (Tigre Preto River, Camisas River):Corvomeyenia ephilithosa, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Heteromeyenia insignis.Candelária:Oncosclera petricola.Candiota (Candiota stream):Anheteromeyenia ornata.Canoas (Caí River, Gravataí River):Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla variabilis.Eldorado do Sul (Jacuí River, Saco da Ponta do SãoRoque):Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis.Farroupilha (Lake of Parque Santa Rita):Eunapius fragilis.General Câmara (Jacuí River):Corvospongilla seckti, Eunapius fragilis, Houssayellaiguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens,Uruguaya corallioides.Guaíba (Guaíba River):Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata,Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla minuta.Itati (Corneta Stream):Heteromeyenia insignis.Jaguari (Jaguari River):Trochospongilla repens.Montenegro (Caí River, Pond in Marrecas Farm, BomJardim Stream, Pond near BR-386 road):Heteromeyenia cristalina, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta.Mostardas (freshwater) (Capão Comprido):Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae.Mostardas and off Mostardas (marine) (including30 o 50’S–49 o 13’W; 31 o 02’S–49 o 37’W; 31 o 05’S–49 o 31’W;31 o 14’S–49 o 35’W; 31 o 17’S–49 o 46’W; 31 o 20’S–48 o 40’W;31 o 31’00”S–49 o 47’00”W):Corallistes bispiraster, Corallistes typus,Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus alleni, Erylusdiminutus, Erylus formosus, Gastrophanellaimplexa, Geodia australis, Geodia riograndensis,Jaspis johnstonii, Myrmekioderma rea, Siphonidiumramosum, Stelletta ruetzleri, Vulcanella (Vulcanella)cribrifera.Nova Santa Rita (Caí River, Delta do Jacuí State Park):Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla variabilis.Nova Petrópolis (Caí River):Anheteromeyenia ornata, Houssayellaiguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,Trochospongilla paulula.Osório (Quadros Pond):230

List of Species by LocalityEunapius fragilis.Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados Pond, doCasamento Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda,Eunapius fragilis, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillavariabilis.Porto Alegre (Gravataí River, Guaíba River, Delta do JacuíState Park, Jacuí River, FZB Lake, Saco do Quilombo,Saco do Ferraz, Pond at Santana Hill):Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Corvospongillaseckti, Eunapius fragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Heteromeyenia insignis, Houssayella iguazuensis,Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,Oncosclera schubarti, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongillaminuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongillarepens, Trochospongilla variabilis.Quinze de Novembro (Jacuí-Mirim River):Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillapaulula.Rio Grande (freshwater) (Caí River, Jacuí River, JacaréPond, Flores Pond, Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, NegreirosStream, Banhado do Palmito, Pond in Caçapava Farm,Taim Ecological Station):Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis,Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla variabilis.Rio Grande and off Rio Grande (marine) (including32 o 00’S–50 o 00’W; 32 o 24’S–50 o 15’W; 32 o 41’S–51 o 39’W;32 o 44’S–51 o 47’W):Myrmekioderma rea, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis,Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta hajdui, Stellettaruetzleri, Suberites caminatus.Santa Maria (Ibicuí-Mirim River):Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella,Trochospongilla repens.Santa Vitória do Palmar (freshwater) (Pond inCaçapava Farm, Mangueira Pond):Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis.Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (marine) (including33 o 29’S–50 o 44’W; 34 o 00.00’S–051 o 47.00’W; 34 o 18.49’S–052 o 02.76’W; 34 o 24.82’S–051 o 47.45’W):Erylus diminutus, Geodia australis, Rhabderemiauruguaiensis, Suberites caminatus.Santana da Boa Vista (Moinho Stream):Anheteromeyenia ornata.São Francisco de Assis (Itú River, Itaqui):Eunapius fragilis, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclerapetricola, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguayacorallioides.São Francisco de Paula (Tainhas River, Dom PedroStream, Stream at Hampel Dam, Prof. Glich Stream,Corneta Stream):Heteromeyenia insignis, Oncosclera jewelli.São Jerônimo (Caí River, Jacuí River):Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongillarepens.Off São José do Norte (32 o 24.55’S–50 o 14.85’W):Geodia riograndensis.São Lourenço do Sul (dos Patos Lake):Ephydatia facunda.São Vicente do Sul (rivers Ibicuí, Ibicuí-Mirim, Toropí,Pond in Santa Fé Farm):Drulia brownii, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayellaiguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,Trochospongilla paulula.Soledade (Jacuí River):Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongillalanzamirandai.Tapes (Butiazais, Pond C, das Capivaras Pond, CharutãoPond, Redondo Pond):Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda,Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongilla amazonensis,Trochospongilla variabilis.Tavares (freshwater) (temporary pond):Racekiela sheilae.Tavares and off Tavares (marine) (31 o 16’S–49 o 45’W;31 o 17’S–49 o 42’W; 31 o 20’S–48 o 40’W; 31 o 20’S–49 o 41’W;31 o 20’S–49 o 52’W; 32 o 00’S–50 o 00’W):Characella capitolii, Erylus diminutus, Erylustoxiformis, Geodia splendida, Pachastrellamonilifera, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stellettaruetzleri.Torres (pond between dunes):Heteromeyenia insignis.Off Tramandaí (30 o 15’S–48 o 32’W; 30 o 20’S–48 o 37’W;30 o 25’S–48 o 48’W):Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus formosus,Halicometes minuta.Triunfo (Bom Jardim Stream, Caí River, Pond ofDelapieve Farm, Copesul Park of EnvironmentalProtection):Heteromeyenia cristalina, Heteromeyenia insignis,Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongillalanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,Trochospongilla variabilis.Uruguaiana (Uruguai River):Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla minuta,231

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaTrochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides.Viamão (Guaíba River, Negra Pond):Corvospongilla seckti, Ephydatia facunda,Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis,Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclerapetricola, Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongillaamazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta,Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguaya corallioides.Santa Catarina State:Locality not informed (marine):Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinula zeae,Chondrilla nucula complex, Dragmacidonreticulatum, Geodia splendida, Guitarrasepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris,Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, Hymeniacidonheliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris,Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastiajaneirensis, Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania(Tedania) ignis.Arvoredo Island:Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinulazeae, Guitarra sepia, Monanchora arbuscula,Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale(Naviculina) arcuiris, Scopalina ruetzleri.Off Barra Velha (26 o 34’S–47 o 22’W):Suberites caminatus.Blumenau (Itajaí River):Heteromeyenia insignis, Trochospongilla repens.Bombinhas (including Ilha da Galé; Ilha Deserta):Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Clathrina ascandroides,Guitarra sepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis,Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus, Haliclona(Haliclona) mammillaris, Haliclona (Reniera)tubifera, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata,Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastiajaneirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae,Suberites aurantiacus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania(Tedania) ignis, Terpios manglaris.Coral Island (27 o 56’00”S–48 o 32’30”W):Ciocalypta alba, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)bouryesnaultae.Florianópolis (including Aranhas Island):Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Darwinellamuelleri, Guancha blanca, Hymeniacidonheliophila, Paraleucilla magna, Spongia(Heterofibria) catarinensis, Sycon ampulla, Tetillaeuplocamos.Garopaba:Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa.Imbituba:Geodia glariosa.Off Itajaí (27 o 28.700’S–047 o 09.660’W):Rhabderemia itajai.Off Jaguaruna (29 o 33.25’S–47 o 58.63’W):Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata.Off Laguna (including off Santa Marta Cape; 29 o 11.169’S–47 o 54.167’W):Erylus diminutus, Erylus soesti, Tedania(Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni.Penha:Hymeniacidon heliophila.Porto Belo (including João da Cunha Island):Aplysina caissara, Chalinula zeae, Dragmacidonreticulatum, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Stellettabeae, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tethyadiploderma.Urubici (Pessegueiro River):Heteromeyenia insignis.232

VII. Taxonomic IndexThis index includes all the taxonomic levels from subspecies to phylum listed under the epigraphs ‘Taxonomic List’,‘Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher’ and ‘Species Names Previously Reported from Brazil but no LongerAccepted as Valid Records’. Currently accepted taxons that occur in Brazil are presented in bold letters; their synonymies,unnaccepted names and type species that do not occur in Brazil are printed in plain font.AAaptos ........................................................................ 71, 72, 184aaptos, Aaptos....................................................................71, 72aaptos, Ancorina.......................................................................71abyssi, Corticium ......................................................................52abyssi, Pachastrella ...................................................................51abyssorum, Tethya cranium var..............................................170Acalle ..................................................................... 110, 214, 216Acamas ...................................................................................154Acanthacarnus................................................................ 145, 205Acanthanchora......................................................................184Acanthella ................................................................. 89, 91, 184Acanthodiscus ......................................................... 130, 131, 205Acanthotetilla ...............................................................167, 184Acanthotylotra ..................................................................... 140Acarnidae ..............................................................................145Acarnus ...............................................81, 82, 145, 146, 184, 205Acervochalina ....................................................... 100, 184, 205Acheliderma ..........................................................................185Aciculites ................................................................................143acuta, Acanthella ......................................................................91Adocia .....................................................102, 106, 109, 184, 205adriatica, Ancorina ..................................................................71aegagropila, Halichondria ......................................................154aerophoba, Aplysina ...............................................................172aff. aaptos, Aaptos ................................................................184aff. africana, Rhabderemia .................................. 150, 151, 197aff. alloclada, Cinachyrella ..................................................187aff. americana, Mycale ................................................... 154, 194aff. americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ............................ 154, 194aff. antrodes, Echinodictyum ..............................................193aff. antrodes, Kieplitela ..........................................................193aff. apion, Cinachyrella .......................................................187aff. arenaria, Mycale ...................................................... 156, 194aff. australiensis, Leucilla.................................................. 26, 193aff. beatrix, Aphrocallistes ...................................................185aff. bermuda, Fibulia .............................................................190aff. bermuda, Strongylacidon ..............................................190aff. cauliformis, Aplysina .............................................174, 185aff. celata, Cliona .....................................................................65aff. choanoides, Chonelasma .......................................... 181, 187aff. clathrata, Monanchora ..................................................194aff. complanata, Amphimedon ............................................184aff. compressa, Amphimedon ......................................... 103, 184aff. corrugata, Axinella ..................................................89, 185aff. diffusa, Callyspongia .....................................................186aff. dystacta, Hymeniacidon ................................................192aff. erecta, Chelonaplysilla ............................................54, 187aff. eusiphonia, Oceanapia ..................................................195aff. eusiphonia, Pellina ...........................................................195aff. floridana, Leucetta .............................................................36aff. formosus, Erylus .............................................................190aff. fugax, Terpios .................................................................199aff. heliophila, Hymeniacidon .......................................... 94, 192aff. kuekenthali, Cinachyrella .............................................187aff. magnirhaphidifera, Mycale ..........................................194aff. maza, Tethya ..................................................................199aff. melana, Artemisina .......................................................185aff. melobesioides, Placospongia .........................................196aff. nigra, Dysidea ................................................................189aff. nucula, Chondrilla ..................................................... 53, 187aff. oculata, Sarostegia .........................................................197aff. ophiraphidites, Topsentia .............................................199aff. pumilio, Desmacella ......................................................189aff. reniformis, Chondrosia .................................................187aff. stellifasciata, Timea .......................................................199aff. subglobosus, Dactylocalyx .............................................188aff. tubifera, Haliclona ........................................................191aff. tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) ........................................191aff. undata, Dragmaxia .......................................................189affinis, Clathria .....................................................................147affinis, Clathria (Microciona) ................................................147affinis, Hymeraphia ...............................................................147agariciformis, Thrinacophora ..................................................89Agelas ......................................................37, 38, 39, 40, 184, 205Agelasida .................................................................................37Agelasidae ...............................................................................37agnani, Timea ................................................................ 148, 215agujanum, Hyalonema (Prionema) ......................................179Aiolochroia .............................171, 174, 184, 205, 209, 212, 216Aka ...................................................................................80, 108alba, Ciocalypta ..............................................................92, 187alba, Niphates .................................................................80, 105alba, Spongilla ..............................................................133, 214alcaloidifera, Pachychalina ........................... 80, 106, 184, 195alcatraziensis, Clathrina .......................................................32alcicornis, Aplysina ..............................................................172Alcyonium ...................................................39, 64, 67, 72, 86, 96Alectona ...................................................................................64Alectonidae .............................................................................64Alemo .......................................................................................87alleni, Erylus ............................................................. 44, 75, 208233

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaalloclada, Cinachyra ...................................................... 168, 206alloclada, Cinachyrella ................................................168, 206almirante, Erylus ....................................................................44alopecurus, Sycandra ........................................................ 31, 215alopecurus, Sycum ....................................................................31alvarengai, Acanthotylotra ..................................................140amaranthus, Pachychalina .....................................................163amaranthus, Phorbas ...................................................163, 196amazonensis, Radiospongilla ................ 81, 131, 132, 208, 212amazonica, Trochospongilla ........................................133, 216amazonica, Uruguaya ............................................................133amazonica, Uruguayella ................................................ 133, 216americana, Mycale ...............................................................154americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ...............................154, 194amorpha, Cacospongia ....................................................62, 77amorpha, Niphates ...............................................................105amorpha, Niphates digitalis forma ........................................105Amorphinopsis ................................................................92, 184Amphidiscophora ................................................................178Amphidiscosida ....................................................................178Amphilectus ..........................................................................184Amphimedon .................................................... 79, 80, 102, 103,104, 106, 149, 184, 185, 209amphora, Leucilla ....................................................................25Amphoriscidae .......................................................................25Amphoriscus .........................................25, 29, 36, 185, 205, 215ampulla, Sycandra ........................................................... 31, 215ampulla, Sycarium ........................................................... 31, 215ampulla, Sycinula ....................................................................31ampulla, Sycodendrum ............................................................31ampulla, Sycon ...............................................................31, 215ampulla, Syconella ........................................................... 31, 215ampullum, Sycon .....................................................................31Anacanthaea ............................................................................96anancora, Myriastra ........................................................ 42, 211anancora, Pilochrota ........................................................ 42, 211anancora, Stelletta ..................................... 42, 43, 74, 211, 214anancora, Stelletta (Pilochrota) ....................................... 42, 214anasteria, Stelletta ...........................................................42, 75Anchinoe ........................................................................ 163, 205anchorata, Desmapsamma ..........................................162, 207anchorata, Fibularia ..............................................................162Ancorina ................................................................................. 71Ancorinidae ....................................................................40, 185angraensis, Clathrina .............................................................32angulosa, Mycale ..........................................................154, 158angulosa, Mycale (Aegogropila) ..................................... 158, 210angulosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) .......................... 158, 210, 216angulosa, Pandaros ........................................................ 154, 158angulosa, Spongia ..................................................................152angulosa, Zygomycale ............................................................158angulospiculatus, Plakortis .........................................141, 212angulospiculatus, Suberites ....................................................141anhelans, Halichondria ..........................................................165anhelans, Tedania .......................................................... 165, 215Anheteromeyenia .......................................... 123, 131, 205, 212anisactina, Grantessa .............................................................29anisoxia, Penares ..............................................................41, 74Anisoxya ...................................................................................95annae, Pheronema .................................................................179annexa, Biemna .....................................................................152annexa, Desmacella .............................................................152annexa, Desmacella vagabundus var. ....................................152annexa, Desmacodes vagabundus var. ...................................152annexa, Sigmatoxella .............................................................152annexa, Tylodesma .................................................................152anomala, Dragmaxia .............................................................90anomala, Hippospongia ...........................................................60anonyma, Ephydatia ...................................................... 133, 208anonyma, Meyenia ........................................................ 133, 210anonyma, Samus ....................................................................171anonyma, Trochospongilla .......................... 133, 208, 210, 215anonyma, Tubella ........................................................... 133, 215anonymus, Samus .................................................................171Anthosigmella ................................................................... 66, 205apertum, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ......................................179Aphrocallistes ........................................................ 179, 180, 185Aphrocallistidae ...........................................................179, 180Aphroceras .................................................................. 28, 30, 205apion, Cinachyra............................................................. 168, 206apion, Cinachyrella ......................................................168, 206Aplysilla ...........................................................................54, 185Aplysina ...................................................84, 171, 172, 173, 174,176, 177, 178, 185, 199, 200, 205, 213, 216Aplysinidae ...................................................................171, 185aprutina, Manzonia .............................................................182aquaeductus, Reniera .............................................................101arachnoides, Ascandra variabilis var. .......................................30arachnoides, Leucosolenia .....................................................30araminta, Densa ....................................................................106arbuscula, Monanchora ......................... 83, 161, 194, 207, 210arbusculum, Pandaros ............................................................161archeri, Aplysina .................................................... 176, 177, 205arcuiris, Mycale ....................................................................157arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina) ..............................................157ardis, Ianthella ............................................................... 171, 209arenaria, Mycale ...................................................................156arenaria, Mycale (Mycale) ........................... 156, 157, 194, 210arenifera, Chondropsis ......................................... 159, 206, 209arenifera, Chondrosia .................................................... 159, 206arenifera, Holopsamma .................................................. 159, 209Arenochalina ..........................................................................154arenosa, Mycale .............................................................. 156, 210arenosa, Mycale parasitica var. ..............................................156Arenosclera ................................................................ 79, 97, 185argyrosperma, Spongilla ........................................................123armata, Leucandra .........................................................27, 210armata, Leuconia ............................................................. 27, 210234

Taxonomic Indexarmigera, Callyspongia .................................................... 99, 206armigera, Tuba .........................................................................98armigera var. pergamentacea, Cladochalina ................... 99, 206arndti, Ephydatia crateriformis forma .......................... 131, 208arndti, Meyenia crateriformis forma......................................131Artemisina ............................................................. 146, 185, 205Artynas .....................................................................................35Ascaltis ..............................................................................35, 36Ascandra ............................................................................ 30, 34ascandroides, Clathrina .........................................................32Ascetta ........................................................................ 34, 36, 205Ascometra .................................................................................34aspera, Characella .................................................... 50, 76, 211aspera, Poecillastra ...................................................................50aspergillum, Euplectella..........................................................182aspina, Clathrina ...................................................................32Asteropus ......................................................... 40, 185, 192, 205Astropeplus .............................................................................185Astrophorida ..................................................................40, 185Astylinifer ...............................................................................185atlantica, Amorphinopsis ..............................................92, 184atlantica, Clathrina ...............................................................32atlantica, Eurete .............................................................84, 181atlantica, Grantia ...................................................................27atlantica, Leucosolenia .............................................................32atlantica, Oceanapia ...................................................... 109, 211atlantica, Thorecta ................................................... 63, 64, 199atrasanguinea, Microciona ....................................................147Auletta ...................................................................................185Auloplegma ..............................................................................34Aulospongus ..........................................................................185aurantiaca, Laxosuberites ................................................ 72, 209aurantiaca, Protosuberites ............................................... 72, 212aurantiaca, Suberites ...............................................................72aurantiaca, Terpios ..................................................................72aurantiacus, Protosuberites .............................................. 72, 212aurantiacus, Suberites .......................................... 72, 209, 212aurantium, Alcyonium .............................................................86aurantium, Tethya ................................................. 86, 207, 215aurea, Clathrina .....................................................................33aurea, Darwinella ............................................................ 55, 207australiana, Sigmaxinella ......................................................152australiensis, Darwinella ......................................................55australiensis, Leucilla ................................................. 25, 26, 210australiensis, Wilsonella .........................................................148australis, Corvoheteromeyenia ...........................................123australis, Corvomeyenia .........................................................123australis, Geodia .............................................................46, 208australis var. fovea, Stelospongia......................................... 62, 63australis var. levis, Stelospongia................................................63authia, Timea .........................................................................88avara, Dysidea ........................................................................56avara, Spongelia .......................................................................56Axinella ................................................... 89, 185, 186, 205, 215Axinellidae ......................................................................88, 186Axociella .................................................................................147Axos ........................................................................................104Axynissa ................................................................................186Azorica ................................................................... 142, 205, 206Azoricidae .............................................................................142BBadinskia ...............................................................................180baileyi, Heteromeyenia .................................................. 129, 209baileyi, Spongilla ............................................................ 127, 129baileyi var. insignis, Heteromeyenia............................... 129, 209baileyi var. stepanowii, Heteromeyenia..................................128barbadensis, Monanchora .............................................. 161, 210barbara, Spongia ....................................................................61barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ............................ 61, 62, 209, 213barbata, Cinachyra ................................................................168barbata, Leucandra .................................................. 28, 29, 210barbata, Leuconia ...................................................... 28, 29, 210barbata, Medon ........................................................................28bartschi, Inflatella .......................................................... 108, 209bartschi, Oceanapia ............................................... 80, 108, 209basiarenacea, Clathria (Thalysias) ....................... 82, 147, 212basiarenacea, Rhaphidophlus ......................................... 147, 212basiarenaria, Clathria (Thalysias) ........................................147Basiectyon....................................................................... 149, 206batesii, Drulia ................................................................ 112, 207batesii, Parmula ............................................................. 112, 211batesii, Spongilla ....................................................................111bathyalis, Esperiopsis ...................................................152, 190bathybia var. mascarenica, Leucaltis .......................................35Batzella ..................................................................................186beae, Stelletta ......................................................... 42, 211, 214beatrix, Aphrocallistes .................................................179, 180beatrix, Iphiteon .....................................................................180beatrix orientalis, Aphrocallistes.............................................180beatrizae, Mycale ..................................................................157beatrizae, Mycale (Mycale) ..................................................156beatrizae, Tethya.....................................................................86Becksiidae .............................................................................182belindae, Terpios .....................................................................85bergmanni, Aaptos .................................................................72besnardi, Rhabderemia ........................................................150bicladotylota, Acarnus ............................................................145biclavata, Coelosphaera .......................................................159biclavata, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ............................159biclavata, Polymastia .............................................................159Biemna .................................................................. 151, 152, 186bilamellata, Spongia ..............................................................148bioxyasterina, Timea .............................................................88biraphidora, Tedania (Trachytedania) .......................167, 215biraphidora, Trachytedania ........................................... 167, 215birotulata, Halichondria ........................................................163birotulata, Iotrochota ..................................................163, 209235

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferabispiraster, Corallistes ..........................................................142bistellata, Diplastrella ...........................................................70bistellata, Tethya ......................................................................70bistyla, Ptilocaulis .................................................. 91, 198, 214bistyla, Stylaxinella .......................................................... 91, 214bistylata, Iotrochota ....................................................... 163, 209blanca, Ascetta ................................................................. 34, 205blanca, Clathrina ............................................................. 34, 206blanca, Guancha ..................................................... 34, 205, 206blanca, Leucosolenia ................................................................34bocagei, Aphrocallistes ............................................................180boehmi, Corvospongilla .................................................. 124, 207bohmii, Corvospongilla .................................................. 124, 207Bolosominae .........................................................................182boreale, Hyalonema .................................................................71borealis, Hyalonema .................................................................71borealis, Stylocordyla ............................................... 71, 78, 214botryoides, Spongia ..................................................................30bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ............... 83, 149, 212brasiliana, Tethya ...................................................................86brasiliense, Sycon ....................................................................31brasiliensis, Arenosclera ...................................................79, 97brasiliensis, Asteropus ....................................................40, 205brasiliensis, Clathrina ....................................................33, 206brasiliensis, Lophocalyx .......................................................183brasiliensis, Sterrastrolepis .................................. 121, 122, 214brasiliensis, Stratospongilla .................................... 121, 122, 214brasiliensis, Tedania .............................................................165brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania) ...........................................165braziliense, Sycon .....................................................................31braziliensis, Halichondria ........................................ 95, 191, 208braziliensis, Ptilocaulis ................................... 78, 91, 198, 214braziliensis, Stylaxinella ................................................... 91, 214braziliensis, Stylinos ......................................................... 91, 214bresiliana, Spongia ........................................................... 60, 213brownii, Drulia ..............................111, 112, 114, 207, 211, 214brownii, Parmula ........................................................... 112, 211brownii, Spongilla .......................................................... 111, 214brownii var. rusbyi, Drulia ....................................................112brownii var. rusbyi, Parmula ................................................112brownii var. tuberculata, Drulia.............................................112brownii var. tuberculata, Parmula ................................. 112, 211Bubaris ............................................................................91, 186bucklandi, Halina ....................................................................50CCacospongia ...........................................59, 62, 63, 77, 186, 206caecilia, Mycale ......................................................................154caissara, Aplysina .........................................................172, 174Calcarea ...........................................................................25, 186Calcaronea ......................................................................25, 186Calcinea ...........................................................................32, 186caliculata, Fasciospongia .......................................................63caliculata, Pachastrella .............................................................51caliculata, Stelospongia ............................................................63calla, Axociella .......................................................................147calla, Clathria .......................................................................147calla, Clathria (Microciona) ................................................147calla, Microciona ....................................................................147Callyspongia .................................79, 97, 98, 99, 100, 186, 199,206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215Callyspongia (Callyspongia) .................................... 79, 97, 98,186, 206, 208Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................................. 98, 99, 100,206, 207, 209, 211Callyspongia (Spinosella).........................................................99Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ........................ 100, 199, 206, 215Callyspongiidae ..............................................................97, 186calypso, Clathria ..................................................................146calypso, Clathria (Clathria) ..........................................82, 146camera, Dendrilla ..................................................................197caminatus, Suberites ..............................................................72Caminus ............................................................................44, 75caminus, Aphroceras ........................................................ 28, 205caminus, Leuconia ........................................................... 28, 210caminus var. crassior, Aphroceras..................................... 28, 205campana, Hircinia ...................................................................58campana, Hircinia (Sarcotragus) ............................................58campana, Ircinia ....................................................................58campana, Spongia ....................................................................58campecheae, Clathria ...........................................................147campecheae, Clathria (Microciona) ...................................147cana, Dysidea .........................................................................207cana var. cincta, Spongelia .....................................................213capensis, Verongia...................................................................216capewelli, Spongilla ................................................................129capitolii, Characella ...............................................................50carbonaria, Adocia ................................................. 102, 106, 205carbonaria, Neopetrosia ...................................... 102, 106, 205carbonaria, Pellina .................................................................106carbonaria, Spongia ...............................................................106carbonaria, Xestospongia .......................................................106careyi, Nubicaulus ..................................................................182caribica, Amphimedon .........................................................102caribica, Cribrochalina ..........................................................102carinata, Geodia .......................................................................67carinata, Placospongia ....................................................67, 68carmabi, Reniera ....................................................................100Carmia ........................................................................... 155, 206carnosa, Halichondria ..............................................................85carnosus, Suberites .........................................................85, 215carpenteri, Cliona ............................................................ 67, 206carpenteri, Holtenia ...............................................................179carpenteri, Pheronema .........................................................179carpenteri, Pione ............................................................67, 206carteri, Acarnus ......................................................................145carteri, Cliona ................................................... 64, 65, 207, 216carteri, Cliona viridis var. ................................................ 64, 207236

Taxonomic Indexcarteri, Craniella ............................................................84, 169carteri, Spongilla ....................................................................127carteri, Vioa ...................................................................... 64, 216Carteriospongia ....................................................................196cartilaginea var. horrida, Hircinia .........................................154caruncula, Hymeniacidon ........................................................94carvalhoi, Saturnospongilla ................................................132catarinensis, Haliclona ........................................................101catarinensis, Haliclona (Haliclona) ...................................101catarinensis, Spongia (Heterofibria) ....................................61cauliformis, Aplysina ...................................................173, 216cauliformis, Luffaria ..............................................................173cauliformis, Verongia ..................................................... 173, 216cavernicola, Gastrophanella .................................. 81, 143, 190cavernicola, Racekiela ..........................................................131cavernosa, Hyattella ....................................... 60, 209, 213, 214cavernosa, Spongia ...................................................................60cearense, Sigmaxinella ...................................................83, 152cebimarensis, Halichondria ...................................................93cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria) ..................79, 93celata complex, Cliona ..................................................65, 188celata, Cliona ..................................................................... 64, 65celata, Hymeniacidon ..............................................................65cerebrum, Clathrina ......................................................... 33, 206Cervicornia ............................................................. 64, 186, 213cf. agglutinans, Polymastia .................................................196cf. anancora, Stelletta ...............................................................42cf. barbadensis, Monanchora ......................................... 161, 194cf. bioxyasterina, Timea ......................................................199cf. camera, Psammaplysilla sp. ............................................197cf. celata, Cliona ............................................................... 65, 188cf. corrugata, Axinella ...................................................... 89, 185cf. delitrix, Cliona ................................................................188cf. formosus, Erylus ......................................................... 46, 190cf. fulva, Aplysina..................................................................185cf. hastifera, Sycettusa ...................................................... 29, 198cf. intermedia, Placospongia ...............................................196cf. janiae, Dysidea.................................................................190cf. lactuca, Aplysina ....................................................... 176, 185cf. madeirensis, Perissinella sp. ...........................................196cf. mastoidea, Penares sp. ....................................................196cf. maza, Tethya sp. ................................................................. 87cf. nucula, Chondrilla ...................................................... 53, 187cf. papyracea, Geodia ....................................................... 49, 190cf. tenuis, Raspailia ................................................................149cf. turgida, Fasciospongia sp. ..............................................190cf. venosa, Clathria (Thalysias) ...........................................188cf. viscosa, Darwinella ...........................................................189Chalina ........................................................97, 99, 103, 186, 206Chalinidae ....................................................................100, 186Chalinopsis ......................................................................... 37, 38Chalinula .............................................. 100, 101, 186, 205, 209Characella ......................................................... 50, 76, 211, 212Chelonaplysilla ...............................................................54, 187chelotropa, Penares ..........................................................41, 74chevreuxi, Biemna .................................................................152chilensis, Crellomyxilla .................................................. 164, 207chilensis, Ectyomyxilla ...........................................................164chilensis, Myxilla ..................................................................164chilensis, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ................................164, 207choanoides, Chonelasma .............................................181, 187choanoides, Chonelasma lamella ...........................................181Chondrilla ................................................... 52, 53, 71, 187, 206Chondrillidae .........................................................................52Chondrillina ..................................................................... 71, 206Chondropsidae .....................................................................159Chondropsis .......................................................... 159, 206, 209Chondrosia ................................................ 53, 54, 159, 187, 206Chondrosida ...........................................................................52Chonelasma ..................................................................181, 187Chonelasmatinae .................................................................181chrysalis, Amphoriscus .............................................................25chrysalis, Ute ............................................................................25Cinachyra .............................................. 167, 168, 169, 187, 206cinachyra, Trachygellius .........................................................168Cinachyrella .................................................. 168, 169, 187, 206cincta, Cacospongia .......................................................... 63, 206cincta, Spongelia cana var. .....................................................213cincta, Scalarispongia .............................................. 63, 77, 206Ciocalapata ...........................................................................187Ciocalypta .......................................................................92, 187ciocalyptoides, Monanthus .......................................................95ciocalyptoides, Petromica ......................................................95ciocalyptoides, Petromica (Chaladesma) .............................95citrina, Mycale (Aegogropila) ................................................154citrina, Petromica ..........................................................95, 196citrina, Petromica (Chaladesma) ............................ 79, 95, 208Cladochalina .................................................................... 99, 206Cladothenea ..........................................................................187clathrata, Hircinia ....................................................................60clathrata, Monanchora ..........................................................161Clathria ............................82, 146, 147, 148, 188, 210, 211, 212Clathria (Clathria) ................................................. 82, 146, 210Clathria (Microciona) ..........................................................147Clathria (Thalysias) ............................... 82, 147, 148, 188, 212Clathria (Wilsonella) ..................................... 82, 148, 211, 212clathria, Artynas ......................................................................35clathria, Leucaltis ...................................................................35Clathrina ..........................................32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 188, 206Clathrinida .............................................................................32Clathrinidae ............................................................................32clathrodes, Agelas ...................................................................37clathrodes, Chalinopsis .............................................................37clathrus, Grantia ......................................................................32clavatus, Erylus .........................................................................45clavus, Yucatania ......................................................................52cliftoni, Naviculina .................................................................157Cliona ............... 64, 65, 66, 67, 77, 188, 205, 206, 207, 213, 216237

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaClionaidae .......................................................................64, 188Clionidae ...............................................................................188Clistolynthus ............................................................................34coccinea, Spirastrella .......................................................70, 71coccinea, Thalysias ............................................................. 70, 71Coelosphaera ........................................................................159Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ......................................159, 208Coelosphaeridae ...........................................................159, 188collectrix, Cellulophana ............................................................53collectrix, Chondrosia ....................................................53, 187colonensis, Forcepia ................................................................160columbia, Trypespongia ...........................................................60compacta, Cacospongia .................................................... 59, 206compacta, Hircinia ........................................................... 59, 209compacta, Ircinia .............................................................. 59, 209compacta, Psammocinia .................................. 59, 77, 206, 209complanata, Amphimedon ..................................................103complanata, Haliclona (Amphimedon) .................................103complanata, Spongia ..............................................................103compressa, Amphimedon ....................... 79, 102, 103, 184, 185compressa, Aplysina ...............................................................178compressa, Clathria ................................................................146compressa, Fasciospongia .......................................................178compressa, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ....................................103compressa, Spongia ..................................................................27conifera, Agelas .......................................................................38conifera, Chalinopsis ................................................................38conifera, Clathrina .........................................................33, 206conifera, Drulia ....................................................................113connexiva, Phakellia ......................................................90, 211connexiva, Phakellia ventilabrum var. ............................. 90, 211conqueror, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) .................................179coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata.................. 62, 213copiosa, Plakinastrella ............................................................140Coppatias..................................................................................41coppingeri, Callyspongia .......................................................97coppingeri, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ............. 97, 206, 208coppingeri, Chalina .......................................................... 97, 206coppingeri, Haliclona ....................................................... 97, 208corallioides, Drulia ......................................................... 122, 207corallioides, Spongilla ..................................................... 122, 214corallioides, Stratospongilla ....................................................122corallioides, Uruguaya ..................122, 123, 139, 207, 214, 216coralliphaga, Aka ...........................................................80, 108coralliphagum, Siphonodictyon .............................................108Corallistes ...................................................... 142, 143, 188, 207Corallistidae .........................................................................142coralloides, Rhabderemia .......................................................151corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ......................62corneus, Erylus ........................................................................45Cornulum ................................................................ 82, 146, 205corrugata, Acanthella ...............................................................89corrugata, Axinella ................................................ 89, 185, 215corrugata, Teichaxinella ................................................... 89, 215corticata, Craniella ................................................ 84, 169, 215corticata, Polymastia .............................................................69corticata, Trachygellius ................................................... 169, 215Corticium .................................................................................52corticostylifera, Geodia ...................................... 47, 48, 75, 208Corvoheteromeyenia ............................................ 123, 124, 207Corvomeyenia ................................111, 117, 123, 124, 207, 216Corvospongilla .............................................. 124, 125, 188, 207Coscinospongia .............................................................. 143, 207Crambeidae ...........................................................................161Craniella .................................................. 84, 169, 170, 188, 215cranium, Craniella .......................................................170, 215cranium, Tethya ............................................................. 170, 215cranium, Tetilla .............................................................. 170, 215cranium var. abyssorum, Tethya ............................................170cranium var. infrequens, Tethya .............................................170crassa, Aiolochroia ........................171, 174, 205, 209, 212, 216crassa, Aplysina ......................................................................171crassa, Dendrospongia ............................................................171crassa, Pseudoceratina .................................................... 171, 212crassa, Verongia ......................................................................171crassiloba, Chalina .................................................................103crassiloba, Spongia .................................................................103crassior, Aphroceras caminus var. .................................... 28, 205crassior, Leucandra ................................................ 28, 205, 210crassispicula, Pilochrota ................................................... 43, 212crassispicula, Stelletta ....................................................43, 211cratera, Latrunculia ...............................................................144crateriformis, Ephydatia ................................................ 131, 208crateriformis forma arndti, Ephydatia ...........................131, 208crateriformis forma arndti, Meyenia......................................131crateriformis paranensis, Ephydatia .............................131, 208crateriformis, Radiospongilla ................................. 131, 132, 212Crella ............................................................... 84, 162, 188, 207Crella (Grayella) ..................................................... 84, 162, 207Crellidae ................................................................................162Crellomyxilla .................................................................. 164, 207Crelloxea ......................................................................... 162, 207Cribrella .................................................................................162cribrifera, Sphinctrella ..................................................... 52, 213cribrifera, Vulcanella .............................................................52cribrifera, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ...............................52, 213cristagallus, Aplysina ...........................................................173cristalina, Heteromeyenia ................................... 127, 128, 209cristata, Drulia .............................................................113, 211cristata, Parmula ............................................................ 113, 211cristata, Placospongia ................................................ 68, 69, 78cristata, Spongia (Heterofibria)................................................61crosslandi, Leucandra ....................................................28, 210crosslandi, Leuconia ......................................................... 28, 210ctenosclera, Drulia ...............................................................114cucumer, Euplectella ..............................................................181cucumis, Leucandra .................................................................26cumana, Timea .......................................................................88238

Taxonomic Indexcunctatrix, Spirastrella .............................................. 70, 71, 213curacaoensis, Haliclona .......................................................102curaçaoensis, Haliclona ..........................................................102curacaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) .................................102curaçaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ....................................102curaçaoensis, Reniera .............................................................102cuspidifera, Cervicornia ................................................64, 213cuspidifera, Cliona....................................................................64cuspidifera, Spheciospongia ......................................................64cuspidifera, Spirastrella .................................................... 64, 213cuspidiferum, Alcyonium .........................................................64Cyamon ................................................................. 148, 188, 215Cyamoninae ..........................................................................148cyanae, Tethya ........................................................................86cyathophora, Grayella ............................................................162Cydonium .......................................................... 46, 48, 188, 207cylindractina, Clathrina ........................................................33DDactylocalycidae ..................................................................180Dactylocalyx ......................................................... 144, 180, 188Dactylochalina........................................................................100Darwinella .............................................................. 55, 189, 207Darwinellidae .........................................................................54Darwinia .......................................................................... 55, 207Dasychalina ......................................................................98, 207delicata, Trochospongilla ..................................... 134, 135, 136delitrix, Cliona .......................................................................65Demospongiae ................................................................37, 189Dendrilla ................................................................................197Dendroceratida ......................................................................54dendroides, Echinodictyum ........................... 82, 148, 190, 195Dendrospongia .......................................................................171dendyi, Desmacidon ...............................................................160Densa .....................................................................................106Dercitopsis ..............................................................................141Dercitus ..................................................... 50, 51, 198, 211, 214Dercitus (Halinastra) .....................................................51, 211Dercitus (Stoeba) .................................................... 51, 198, 214Desmacella ............................................................ 151, 152, 189Desmacellidae ...............................................................151, 189Desmacididae .......................................................................162Desmacidon .....................................100, 109, 151, 160, 162, 207Desmacodes.............................................................................152Desmanthidae ..............................................................143, 189Desmanthus ..................................................................143, 189Desmapsamma ..................................................... 162, 189, 207Desmoxyidae ................................................................... 96, 189dickinsoni, Ircinia ....................................................................58Dictyoceratida ........................................................................56Dictyocylindrus ......................................................................148Dictyodendrillidae .................................................................55Dictyonella .............................................................. 92, 189, 207Dictyonellidae ................................................................91, 189Didiscus ..................................................................... 79, 96, 189digitalis forma amorpha, Niphates ........................................105digitata, Reniera .....................................................................165diminutus, Erylus ...........................................................45, 208Diplacodium ..........................................................................180Diplastrella .......................................................................70, 78diploderma, Tethya .......................................................... 86, 87diprosopia, Haliclona .............................................................107Discodermia ..........................................................................144dispar, Agelas ............................................................ 37, 38, 205dissoluta, Discodermia.........................................................144distinctus, Coppatias.................................................................41ditelliformis, Spongia (Spongia) ...................................62, 213ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata ................................... 62, 213ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ................. 62, 213diversisigmata, Mycale .........................................................158diversisigmata, Mycale (Aegogropila).....................................158diversisigmata, Mycale (Naviculina) ..................................158doellojuradoi, Mycale (Mycale)..............................................157domuncula, Alcyonium ............................................................72Donatia ...................................................................... 86, 87, 207Dosilia ................................................................... 125, 126, 210Dragmacidon .....................................89, 90, 189, 205, 207, 212Dragmaxia ......................................................................90, 189Drulia ..................... 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 122, 207, 211, 214dubia, Dysidea .......................................................................207dubia var. mollior, Spongelia..................................................213dufresnei, Hyalonema (Prionema) .....................................179dura, Hippospongia ..................................................................60dura, Reniera ..........................................................................107dioryssa, Cliona ......................................................................66dioryssa, Spirastrella ................................................................66Dysidea .........................................56, 57, 76, 189, 190, 207, 213Dysideidae ......................................................................56, 189Dyssycus ...................................................................................36Eechidnaea, Axinella ................................................................89echina, Polyfibrospongia ...........................................................63Echinoclathria ........................................................ 162, 192, 207Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) .............................. 162, 192, 207Echinodictinae ......................................................................148Echinodictyum ........................................ 82, 148, 190, 193, 195Echinonema ...........................................................................148Echinostylinos ......................................... 83, 161, 162, 190, 207Ecionemia ..............................................................................190Ectoforcepia .................................................................... 160, 207Ectyomyxilla ................................................................... 164, 207Ectyoplasia ....................................................................149, 190egedii, Sycinula .........................................................................27elegans, Cribrella ....................................................................162elegans, Raspailia ........................................................... 149, 212elegans, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ...................................... 149, 212elegans, Raspaxilla ......................................................... 149, 212239

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaeosaster, Cydonium ..................................................................46eosaster, Geodia ................................................................ 46, 208Ephydatia .............................................. 126, 131, 133, 208, 210epilithosa, Corvomeyenia ....................................................111Epipolasis..................................................................................96equina, Hippospongia ...................................................... 61, 209equina, Spongia ........................................................................60equina var. meandriniformis, Hippospongia .................. 61, 209equina var. meandriniformis, Spongia............................. 61, 213erecta, Chelonaplysilla .....................................................54, 55erecta, Niphates .................................................... 104, 105, 195erectus, Megalospastas...............................................................54erina, Amphimedon ............................................... 80, 103, 209erina, Haliclona ............................................................. 103, 209erinaceus, Spongilla ...............................................................133Erylus ......................................................44, 45, 46, 75, 190, 208escarlatei, Mycale .................................................................154escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) .........................................154Esperella ..................................................154, 155, 156, 157, 208Esperia ....................................................................................157Esperiopsidae .......................................................................152Esperiopsis ............................................................. 152, 160, 190estevoui, Aphrocallistes ........................................................180etheria, Dysidea ................................................................56, 76Eunapius .......................................................................127, 190Euplectella .....................................................................181, 182Euplectellidae .......................................................................182Euplectellinae .......................................................................182euplocamos, Tetilla ...............................................................170euplocamus, Tetilla ................................................................170Eurete ...............................................................................84, 181Euretidae .......................................................................181, 190Euretinae ...............................................................................181Euryades ...................................................................................55Eurypon .................................................................................190Euryspongia ......................................................................57, 76Euspongia ................................................................. 62, 190, 208everetti, Meyenia ....................................................................111excavans, Amorphinopsis..........................................................92exemplum var. tertia, Thorecta.................................................63exostotica, Pachastrella ............................................................51Ffacunda, Ephydatia .............................................. 126, 208, 210facunda, Meyenia ........................................................... 126, 210fallax, Callyspongia ...............................................................97fallax, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ...............................97, 98fallax, Callyspongia fallax forma .............................................98Farrea ............................................................................181, 190Farreidae ...............................................................................181fascicularis, Ircinia ........................................................... 60, 209fasciculata, Hircinia .................................................................60fasciculata, Ircinia ............................................................ 60, 209fasciculata, Spongia ............................................................ 58, 60fasciculatus, Sarcotragus ...............................................60, 209Fasciospongia .......................................................... 63, 178, 190fecunda, Ephydatia ................................................................126felix, Ircinia .......................................................................58, 60felix, Polytherses .......................................................................58fenestrata, Thenea ..................................................................51fenestrata, Tisiphonia ...............................................................51ferox, Amphimedon.................................................................149ferox, Ectyoplasia..................................................................149ferox surgens, Ectyoplasia........................................................149fibrosa, Callyspongia ..............................................................98fibrosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................... 98, 207, 211fibrosa, Dasychalina ......................................................... 98, 207fibrosa, Pachychalina ........................................................ 98, 211fibrosa, Rhabdastrella .............................................. 41, 74, 197fibrosa, Rhabdastrella (Aurorella)............................................41Fibularia................................................................. 159, 162, 208fibulata, Axos .........................................................................104Fibulia ....................................................................................190Filifera ......................................................................................60Filifera (Sarcotragus) ...............................................................60fimbriata, Guitarra ................................................................153fistula, Heterorotula .............................................................129fistularis, Aplysina ........................................ 173, 174, 176, 216fistularis, Aplysina fistularis forma ................................ 174, 176fistularis fulva, Aplysina ......................................... 172, 174, 205fistularis insularis, Aplysina ...................................................176fistularis, Spongia ...................................................................174fistularis, Verongia ................................................. 174, 176, 216fistularis, Verongia fistularis forma ............................... 174, 216fistulata var. microsigmatosa, Mycale ....................................155fistulosa, Desmacidon .............................................................109fistulosa, Oceanapia ....................................... 80, 109, 211, 213fistulosa, Rhizochalina ................................................... 109, 213fittkaui, Metania ............................................................81, 115flagelliformis, Acanthella .......................................................91flagelliformis, Bubaris ..............................................................91flamma, Amphoriscus ...................................................... 29, 205flamma, Grantessa ........................................................... 29, 208flamma, Sycettusa .................................................. 29, 205, 208flavus, Didiscus ........................................................................96floridana, Leucaltis ..................................................................36floridana, Leucetta .........................................................36, 210floridana, Leucilla ....................................................................36floridana, Lipostomella ............................................................36floridanus, Amphoriscus ..........................................................36floridanus, Dyssycus .................................................................36fluminense, Erylus ..................................................................45fluviatilis, Ephydatia ...................................................... 126, 208fluviatilis ramsayi, Ephydatia ................................................126fluviatilis, Spongia .................................................................126folioides, Desmacidon .............................................................100Foliolina .................................................................................110Forcepia ........................................................... 83, 160, 190, 207240

Taxonomic IndexForcepia (Ectoforcepia)...........................................................160Forcepia (Forcepia) ................................................. 83, 160, 207formosus, Erylus ......................................................... 45, 46, 75fosteri, Perissinella ............................................................ 91, 211fosteri, Ptilocaulis ............................................. 78, 91, 196, 211fovea, Stelospongia australis var. ........................................62, 63fragilis, Dysidea ........................................................ 56, 57, 213fragilis, Esperiopsis .................................................................160fragilis, Eunapius ..................................................................127fragilis, Spongia ........................................................................56fragilis, Spongilla ....................................................................127fragilis, Spongilla (Eunapius).................................................127fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia pallescens.......................... 56, 213franciscana, Spongilla ............................................ 112, 113, 214frustulosum, Sycon .................................................................31fugax, Terpios ..........................................................................85fulva, Aplysina ....... 171, 172, 174, 177, 185, 200, 205, 213, 216fulva, Aplysina fistularis ......................................... 172, 174, 205fulva, Spongia ................................................................. 174, 213fulva, Verongia ............................................................... 174, 216fulva, Verongia fistularis forma ..................................... 174, 216funiformis, Thrinacophora ............................................83, 150furtiva, Holoxea .......................................................................40fusca, Esperella ....................................................... 156, 157, 208fusca, Mycale .......................................................... 156, 157, 210fusca, Spongia ........................................................................103fusifera, Myxilla (?) plumosa var. .................................. 163, 211Ggardineri, Darwinella ............................................................55Gastrophanella ............................................... 81, 143, 190, 208geayi, Drulia ...........................................................................112geayi, Parmula .......................................................................112gellindra, Halichoclona ..........................................................101Gelliodes ........................................................................104, 105Geodia .....46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 67, 75, 76, 190, 207, 208, 213, 215Geodia (Cydonium).......................................................... 49, 208Geodiidae ........................................................................44, 190gibberosa, Geodia ....................................................... 46, 47, 48gigantea, Aplysina...................................................................178gigantea, Verongula .............................................................178gigas, Pilochrota ............................................................... 43, 212gigas, Stelletta ........................................................... 42, 43, 212glabra, Anisoxya .......................................................................95glariosa, Geodia .................................................. 47, 48, 75, 207glariosus, Cydonium ........................................................ 48, 207globosa, Leucandra ..................................................... 28, 29, 210goliath, Normania ............................................................ 50, 211gracilis, Echinonema ..............................................................148gracilis, Ptilocaulis ....................................................................91gracilis, Rhaphidophlus .................................................. 148, 212grandis, Homoeodictya .................................................. 153, 209grandis, Isodictya .........................................................153, 209Grantessa .........................................................................29, 208Grantia ...................................................................... 27, 32, 191Grantiidae ...............................................................................27Grantilla....................................................................................29granulatum, Alcyonium ...........................................................96Grayella ..................................................................................162grayi, Pheronema ...................................................................179grayi, Prianus ................................................................. 107, 212grayi, Xestospongia ........................................ 80, 107, 197, 212gregaria, Metania ........................................................... 134, 210gregaria, Meyenia .......................................................... 134, 210gregaria, Spongilla ......................................................... 134, 214gregaria, Trochospongilla .................................... 134, 210, 214grimaldii, Hexactinella ..........................................................181grimaldii, Petromica ................................................................94grubei, Stelletta ........................................................................42guairensis, Potamophloios ...................................................121Guancha .................................................... 34, 35, 191, 205, 206Guitarra ........................................................................153, 191Guitarridae ...................................................................153, 191Hhabanensis, Didiscus ................................................................96Hadromerida ..................................................................64, 191hajdui, Stelletta ......................................................................43Halichoclona .................................................................. 101, 102Halichondria ......79, 85, 90, 93, 94, 95, 151, 154, 160, 163, 164,165, 191, 194, 208Halichondria (Halichondria) ..........................................79, 93Halichondrida ................................................................88, 191Halichondriidae ....................................................... 92, 95, 191halichondrioides, Petrosia ......................................................141halichondrioides, Plakortis .................................................141Haliclona ....97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 184, 186,191, 208, 209Haliclona (Halichoclona) ....................................................101Haliclona (Haliclona) ..........................................................101Haliclona (Reniera) .............................................. 101, 102, 191Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ................................................102, 106Haliclona (Soestella) ....................................................102, 106Halicometes .............................................................................86Halina ......................................................................................50Halinastra ................................................................................51Halisarca ...............................................................................191Halme .....................................................................................192halmiformis, Hircinia ..............................................................59Hamacantha .................................................................153, 192Hamacantha (Vomerula) .............................................153, 192Hamacanthidae ....................................................................153Haplosclerida ..................................................................97, 192Haplosclerina .........................................................................97hartmani, Spirastrella ..................................... 70, 71, 206, 213hastifera, Grantessa .......................................................... 29, 208hastifera, Grantilla ...................................................................29hastifera, Sycettusa ................................................. 29, 198, 208241

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferahelena, Cinachyra .........................................................168, 187heliophila, Hymeniacidon .............................................94, 192heliophila, Stylotella .................................................................94helleri, Stelletta .........................................................................41helwigi, Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) ......................... 162, 207helwigi, Holopsamma ............................................................162Hemiasterellidae ..................................................................192Hemimycale ..........................................................................192hemisphaerica, Acanthotetilla ................................................167hentschelii, Leucandra ................................................... 29, 210hentschelii, Leuconia ........................................................ 29, 210heroni, Arenosclera ...................................................................97Heteromeyenia ..............................127, 128, 129, 131, 192, 209Heteropegma ............................................................................35Heteropia ..................................................................................30Heteropiidae ...........................................................................29Heterorotula .........................................................................129heterosclera, Corvoheteromeyenia ..............................124, 207heterosclera, Corvomeyenia ........................................... 124, 207Heteroxyidae ...................................................................96, 189Hexactinella ...........................................................................181Hexactinellida .......................................................................178Hexactinosida .......................................................................179Hexasterophora ....................................................................179Higginsia ...............................................................................192Hippiospongia ..........................................................................60Hippospongia .................................................... 60, 61, 192, 209Hircinia .................................................58, 59, 60, 154, 192, 209Hircinia (Sarcotragus) .............................................................58hirsuta, Tetilla ........................................................................168hogarthi, Haliclona ................................................................102Holopsamma .......................................................... 159, 162, 209Holoxea ..................................................................... 40, 74, 192Holtenia .................................................................................179Homoeodictya ................................................................ 153, 209Homosclerophorida .....................................................140, 192horrida, Hircinia cartilaginea var. .........................................154horrida, Trochospongilla ................................................ 133, 135horrida, Vulcanella ...................................................................52horrida, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ..............................................52horridus, Thorecta ..................................................................154Houssayella ...........................................................................115humboldti, Sycon .....................................................................31Hyalonema ...................................................... 71, 178, 179, 192Hyalonema (Coscinonema) .................................................178Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ....................................................179Hyalonema (Prionema) .......................................................179Hyalonematidae ...................................................................178Hyattella .................................................. 60, 192, 209, 213, 214Hymedesmia ................................................... 88, 153, 164, 192Hymedesmiidae ............................................................163, 192Hymenancora ...............................................................164, 211Hymeniacidon ...........................65, 94, 154, 155, 156, 192, 209Hymeraphia ...........................................................................147Hyrtios ...............................................................................62, 63IIanthella.......................................................................... 171, 209ianthella, Ianthella ......................................................... 171, 209Igernella .................................................................. 55, 192, 209ignis, Tedania ........................................................ 165, 166, 167ignis, Tedania (Tedania) .............................. 165, 166, 167, 215ignis, Tethya ............................................................................87ignis, Thalysias .......................................................................165iguazuensis, Houssayella .....................................................115implexa, Gastrophanella .............................................143, 208impura, Leucaltis .....................................................................36incrustans, Aciculites ..............................................................143incrustata, Stelletta ................................................................214Inflatella ................................................................. 108, 192, 209infrequens, Tethya cranium var .............................................170ingalli, Dactylocalyx ...............................................................180innominatus, Acarnus ..........................................................145innominatus, Acarnus (Acarnus) ...........................................145insidiosa, Aka .........................................................................108insignis, Heteromeyenia ...................................... 127, 129, 209insignis, Heteromeyenia baileyi var. .............................. 129, 209insularis, Aplysina ................................................................176insularis, Aplysina fistularis ...................................................176insularis, Luffaria ...................................................................176insularis, Plakortis ...............................................................142intermedia, Oncosclera ........................................................118intermedia, Placospongia ......................................................68intermedia, Stratospongilla ....................................................118intestinalis, Hyattella ....................................................... 60, 209Iophon ...................................................................................192Iotrochota .............................................................. 163, 192, 209Iotrochotidae ................................................................163, 192Iphiteon .........................................................................180, 194Ircinia ....................... 58, 59, 60, 76, 77, 192, 193, 197, 209, 214Irciniidae .........................................................................58, 193irregularis var. pertusa, Euspongia................................... 62, 208Isodictya ........................................................ 108, 153, 193, 209isodictyalis, Halichondria ......................................................160isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx ..........................................160, 161isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) .......................160Isodictyidae ..........................................................................153isodictyiformis, Oceanapia ............................................. 109, 211isodictyiformis, Phloeodictyon ...............................................109isorrhopa, Pachastrella .............................................................51itajai, Rhabderemia .............................................................151Jjaneirensis, Polymastia .................................... 69, 78, 212, 214janeirensis, Suberites ........................................................ 69, 214janiae, Dysidea .......................................................................57janiae, Terpios ..........................................................................57janusi, Aplysina .............................................................. 171, 205242

Taxonomic Indexjanusi, Verongia ............................................................. 171, 216japonica, Tethya .....................................................................87Jaspis .................................................................. 41, 74, 185, 193jejuensis, Aphrocallistes ..........................................................180Jenkinidae .............................................................................193jewelli, Oncosclera .................................................. 81, 118, 214jewelli, Spongilla ............................................................ 118, 214jewelli, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ........................................118johnsoni, Hymedesmia ...........................................................153johnstoni, Coppatias ................................................................41johnstonii, Jaspis ....................................................................41johnstonii, Vioa .................................................................. 41, 61joyeuxi, Igernella .............................................................. 55, 209joyeuxy, Darwinella .................................................................55Kkallitetilla, Myriastra ...............................................................43kallitetilla, Stelletta ................................................................43kempfi, Grantia .......................................................................27Keratosa .................................................................................193kerguelenensis, Ectyomyxilla .......................................... 164, 207kerguelensis, Ectyomyxilla ......................................................164ketostea, Asteropus ...................................................................40ketostea, Stellettinopsis .............................................................40Kieplitela ................................................................................193kiliani, Metania ............................................................115, 210kirkpatricki, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ..............................178kittoni, Corticium ....................................................................52kittoni, Thrombus ..................................................................52kuekenthali, Cinachyrella ............................................169, 206kükenthali, Cinachyra .................................................... 169, 206Llaboreli, Callyspongia ............................................................98laboreli, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) .................... 79, 98, 186lachne, Hippiospongia ..............................................................60lachne, Hippospongia ............................................................60lactea, Euryspongia ..................................................................57lactuca, Aplysina ..........................................................176, 185lacunosa, Aplysina ................................ 176, 177, 200, 205, 216lacunosa, Spongia ...................................................................176lacunosa, Verongia .................................................................176lacustris, Spongia ...................................................................133laevis, Esperia .........................................................................157laevis, Mycale ........................................................................157laevis, Mycale (Mycale) ................................ 156, 157, 208, 210lamarcki, Ascaltis .....................................................................35lamella choanoides, Chonelasma............................................181lamella, Chonelasma ..............................................................181Lanuginellinae ......................................................................182lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla .........................................135latens, Erylus ...................................................................46, 190latex, Dercitus (Stoeba) .......................................... 51, 198, 214latex, Stoeba ..................................................................... 51, 214latitubulata, Clathrina .............................................................35latitubulata, Heteropegma .......................................................35Latrunculia ...................................................................144, 193Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ...................................................144Latrunculiidae .............................................................. 144, 193Latrunculina .........................................................................144laxissima, Acamas ..................................................................154laxissima, Mycale .................................................................154laxissima, Mycale (Acamasina) .............................................154laxissima, Mycale (Arenochalina)....................... 154, 208, 210Laxosuberites .......................................................... 72, 193, 209Lefroyella.................................................................................180leidii, Trochospongilla ............................................................138leidyi, Trochospongilla ...........................................................138Leiodermatium ............................................. 142, 144, 205, 206Leiosella .................................................................................193leptoderma, Lissodendoryx ....................................................160leptoderma, Tedania ..............................................................160Leptosia ..................................................................................164lernerae, Haliclona (Halichoclona) ....................................101Leucaltidae ..............................................................................35Leucaltis ............................................................................35, 36Leucandra .......................... 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 193, 205, 210Leucascidae .............................................................................35Leucascus .................................................................................36Leucetta ............................................................. 36, 37, 193, 210Leucettidae ..............................................................................36Leucilla ........................................................ 25, 26, 36, 193, 210Leuconia ....................................................25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 210Leucosolenia .................................................. 30, 32, 34, 36, 193Leucosolenida .........................................................................25Leucosoleniidae ......................................................................30levii, Acanthacarnus ...............................................................145levis, Cacospongia ............................................................63, 77levis, Stelospongia australis var. ...............................................63levis, Vosmaeropsis .................................................................30lilaceus, Haliclona ................................................................101lilaceus, Haliclona (Haliclona) ...........................................101lilianae, Mycale (Aegogropila) ............................................154lingua, Aplysina ....................................................................177lingua, Hymeniacidon .................................................... 154, 156Lipostomella .............................................................................36lissochela, Mycale ...................................................................155Lissodendoryx ......................................... 83, 160, 161, 193, 212Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) ............................... 83, 160, 212Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) ...........................................160Lithistida ................................................................. 95, 142, 193lobata, Aphrocallistes ...........................................................180lobata, Badinskia ...................................................................180lobosa, Euspongia officinalis var. ...................................... 62, 208lobosa, Spongia (Spongia) ..................................... 62, 208, 213longimycalostylifera, Ulosa .................................................152longispina, Ircinia ............................................................ 59, 209longispina, Polytherses .............................................................59243

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferalongispinus, Stelospongus ................................................. 59, 214longissima, Verongia ...................................................... 173, 216longleyi, Haliclona .................................................................106Lophocalyx ....................................................................183, 193lophyropoda, Scopalina ............................................................91loricata, Spongilla ..................................................................124Luffaria .......................................................................... 173, 176lunaecharta, Axinella ....................................................... 89, 205lunaecharta, Pseudaxinella ........................................ 89, 90, 212lutea, Halichondria .......................................................... 95, 208lutea, Niphates ......................................................................105lutea, Pachataxa ............................................................... 51, 211luteus, Dercitus (Halinastra) .........................................51, 211Lychniscosida ........................................................................182lynceus, Leiodermatium .........................................................142lyncurium, Donatia ......................................................... 86, 207lyncurium, Tethya ...................................................... 86, 87, 215Lyssacinosida ........................................................................182Mmacandrewi, Uruguaya ................................. 122, 123, 138, 139macandrewi, Uruguayella .............................................. 122, 138macera, Heteropia ....................................................................30macilenta, Hymeniacidon ......................................................155mackayi, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. ........................137magna, Paraleucilla ....................................... 26, 193, 195, 210magniconulosa, Halichondria ...............................................93magniconulosa, Halichondria (Halichondria)......................93magnirhaphidifera, Mycale .................................................155magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) ................................155mamillaris, Spongia .................................................................69mamillata, Reniera ................................................................102mammillaris, Haliclona .......................................................101mammillaris, Haliclona (Haliclona) ..................................101mammillaris, Polymastia.................................................. 69, 212mammillaris, Stelletta ..............................................................44manglaris, Haliclona ...........................................................101manglaris, Haliclona (Reniera) ..........................................101manglaris, Terpios ............................................................78, 85manus, Spongia ......................................................................103Manzonia ..............................................................................182Margaritella ...........................................................................194mascarenica, Leucaltis bathybia var. ........................................35massa, Suberites ............................................................... 85, 215maza, Donatia .........................................................................87maza, Tethya ............................................................. 87, 88, 215maza, Tethytimea ............................................................. 87, 215meandriniformis, Hippospongia equina var. ................... 61, 209meandriniformis, Spongia equina var. ............................. 61, 213meandroides, Desmanthus ..........................................143, 189Medon ......................................................................................28megastellata, Diplastrella ................................................70, 78melana, Haliclona ................................................................102melana, Haliclona (Soestella) .....................................102, 106melanos, Pseudosuberites ................................................. 67, 212mello-leitaoi, Tubella ..................................... 116, 137, 138, 216melobesioides, Placospongia ..................................... 67, 68, 69Melophlus ..............................................................................194Menanetia ..............................................................................194mesatlantica, Alectona ...........................................................64mesenterina, Spongia .............................................................148Metania........... 81, 115, 116, 117, 120, 134, 136, 138, 194, 210,214, 216Metaniidae ............................................................................110Meyenia ........................... 111, 125, 126, 131, 133, 134, 135, 210microacanthosigma, Biemna ..............................................151Microciona ..................................................... 146, 147, 150, 210Microcionidae ...............................................................146, 194Microcionina ........................................................................145Microcioninae ......................................................................146microraphis, Leucetta ....................................................... 36, 210microrhabdifera, Plakortis ............................................81, 142microsigmatosa, Carmia ................................................ 155, 206microsigmatosa, Mycale .......................................................155microsigmatosa, Mycale (Carmia) .............. 155, 156, 194, 206microsigmatosa, Mycale fistulata var. ....................................155microspiculifera, Plakinastrella ..................................140, 141microxifera, Hamacantha ...................................................153microxifera, Hamacantha (Vomerula) .......................153, 192migottea, Halichondria ..........................................................93migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ...............................93millari, Alectona .......................................................................64minima, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. .........................137minima, Tubella pennsylvanica var. ......................................137minuta, Clathria ..................................................................147minuta, Clathria (Thalysias) ......................................147, 212minuta, Halicometes ..............................................................86minuta, Meyenia ....................................................................135minuta, Trochospongilla ...................................... 134, 135, 136minutula, Microciona ............................................................150minutus, Rhaphidophlus ................................................ 147, 212mirabilis, Arenochalina ..........................................................154mixta, Hymedesmia .................................................................88mixta, Timea ...........................................................................88mixtum, Diplacodium ...........................................................180molitba, Acervochalina .................................................. 100, 205molitba, Chalinula ............................................... 100, 205, 209molitba, Haliclona ......................................................... 100, 209mollior, Cacospongia ................................................................62mollior, Spongelia dubia var. .................................................213mollis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ......................... 62, 213Monanchora .....................................83, 155, 161, 194, 207, 210Monanthus ...............................................................................95monilifera, Pachastrella .........................................................51monolopha, Plakina ...............................................................140morchella, Teichaxinella ..........................................................89moseleyi, Scolopes .............................................................64, 77mucosa, Tedania ............................................................ 167, 215244

Taxonomic Indexmucronata, Myxilla ......................................................164, 165mucronata, Myxilla (Myxilla) .............................................164muelleri, Craniella .................................................................170muelleri, Darwinella ......................................................55, 207muelleri, Darwinia ..................................................................55mulleri, Darwinella .................................................................55mülleri, Darwinia ............................................................ 55, 207murdochi, Tedania ......................................................... 167, 215muricata, Tethea ......................................................................51muricyana, Aplysina .............................................. 84, 177, 185muta, Petrosia ........................................................................107muta, Schmidtia .....................................................................107muta, Xestospongia ..............................................................107Mycale .....153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 194, 206, 208, 210, 211,216Mycale (Acamasina) ..............................................................154Mycale (Aegogropila) ................................... 154, 158, 194, 210Mycale (Arenochalina) ......................................... 154, 208, 210Mycale (Carmia) ........................................... 155, 156, 194, 206Mycale (Mycale) .................................... 156, 157, 194, 208, 210Mycale (Naviculina) .....................................................157, 158Mycale (Zygomycale) ............................................ 158, 210, 216Mycalidae ......................................................................153, 194Mycalina ........................................................................151, 194Myriastra ................................................................... 42, 43, 211Myrmekioderma ..................................................... 96, 194, 211Myxilla ...........................................163, 164, 165, 194, 207, 211Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ......................................... 164, 207, 211Myxilla (Myxilla) ..................................................................164Myxillidae .....................................................................164, 194Myxillina .......................................................................159, 194NNardoa ...................................................................... 30, 34, 211Nardopsis ..................................................................................34Nardorus ..................................................................................34navicella, Oncosclera ...................................................118, 214navicella, Spongilla ................................................ 118, 120, 214navicella, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ....................................118Naviculina...............................................................................157Neofibularia ..................................................................106, 194Neopetrosia ................................................... 102, 106, 107, 205neptuni, Geodia ........................................ 47, 48, 208, 213, 215neptuni, Sidonops ....................................................... 48, 49, 213neptuni, Synops .......................................................... 48, 49, 215nicoleae, Acarnus ..................................................................145nicoleae, Tethya ......................................................................87niger, Asteropus ..............................................................40, 192nigra, Clathria (Wilsonella) .......................... 82, 148, 211, 212nigra, Phoriospongia ...................................................... 148, 211nigra, Psammotoxa ........................................................ 148, 212Niphates .................................................. 80, 104, 105, 194, 195Niphatidae ....................................................................102, 195nodosa, Oceanapia .......................................................109, 211nodosa, Pellina .......................................................................109nodosum, Phloeodictyon ........................................................109nodulosa, Oceanapia ............................................. 81, 109, 213nodulosa, Rhizochalina .......................................... 109, 184, 213nodus gordii, Heteropegma ......................................................35noevus, Chelonaplysilla ............................................................54Normania ......................................................................... 50, 211northumbrica, Cliona ..............................................................67notabilis, Euryades ...................................................................55notabilis, Igernella ................................................... 55, 56, 209novae terrae, Corvospongilla .......................................... 125, 207Nubicaulus .............................................................................182nucula, Chondrilla ............................................................. 52, 53nucula complex, Chondrilla .................................... 52, 53, 187nuda, Esperella ....................................................... 154, 155, 208nuda, Mycale .................................................................. 154, 210Oobliqua, Spongia .....................................................................213obliqua, Tenaciella .................................................................147occa, Farrea ...........................................................................181occa, Farrea occa ....................................................................181Oceanapia ............80, 81, 108, 109, 110, 192, 195, 209, 211, 213oculata, Haliclona ..................................................................101oculata, Spongia .....................................................................101officinalis, Spongia ..................................................... 61, 62, 213officinalis, Spongia (Spongia)...................................................61officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia.......................62officinalis tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia......................... 62, 213officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia ...............................62officinalis tubulifera var. prava, Spongia................................. 62officinalis var. lobosa, Euspongia ...................................... 62, 208oleracea, Oceanapia .....................................................109, 213oleracea, Rhizochalina .................................................... 109, 213Olynthus ...................................................................................34Oncosclera ................................81, 118, 119, 120, 121, 195, 214onkodes, Dercitopsis ...............................................................141onkodes, Plakinastrella ........................................................141ophiraphidites, Topsentia ..................................... 95, 191, 208ophiraphidites, Viles .................................................................95orientalis, Aphrocallistes beatrix ............................................180ornata, Anheteromeyenia ............................................123, 212ornata, Radiospongilla ................................................... 123, 212orthoreticulata, Aplysina .....................................................177Oscarella ................................................................................195oxeata, Didiscus ........................................................ 79, 96, 189oxeatus, Didiscus ......................................................................96oxyaster, Erylus ................................................................ 45, 208PPachastrella .....................................................................51, 195Pachastrellidae ...............................................................50, 195pachastrelloides, Characella ..........................................50, 212pachastrelloides, Stelletta .........................................................50Pachastrissa ..........................................................................195245

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaPachataxa .........................................................................51, 211Pachychalina .............. 80, 98, 103, 105, 106, 163, 184, 195, 211Pachypellina ..........................................................................195pallescens, Dysidea ...................................................................56pallescens fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia ......................... 56, 213pallescens, Spongelia ................................................................56pallida, Callyspongia .............................................................98pallida, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ...................................98palmata, Spongia ...................................................................153palmeri, Dosilia ......................................................................125palmeri, Dosilia plumosa var. ................................................125palmeri, Meyenia ..................................................................125palmeri, Meyenia plumosa var. ...................................... 125, 210Pandaros ............................................91, 148, 154, 158, 161, 195panicea, Halichondria ...........................................................93panicea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ................................93panicea, Spongia ......................................................................93Papillina ...................................................................................65papyracea, Geodia ............................................ 49, 76, 190, 208papyracea, Geodia (Cydonium) ....................................... 49, 208Paraleucilla ..................................................... 26, 193, 195, 210paranensis, Ephydatia crateriformis .............................. 131, 208parasitica var. arenosa, Mycale...............................................156Paresperella ............................................................................211parishii, Raphiodesma ...........................................................158parishii, Zygomycale ...................................................... 158, 216Parmula .................................................................. 112, 113, 211pauciarenaria, Ircinia ................................................ 58, 76, 77paulata, Metania ........................................................... 136, 210paulula, Spongilla .......................................................... 136, 214paulula, Trochospongilla ..................... 134, 136, 210, 214, 216paulula, Tubella ............................................................. 136, 216peachi, Desmacidon ...............................................................151pedunculata, Saccocalyx .........................................................182pedunculatus, Saccocalyx ....................................................182pelagica, Nardoa .............................................................. 30, 211pelagica, Sycettusa ..........................................................29, 211Pellina .................................................................... 106, 109, 195peltata, Foliolina ....................................................................110peltata, Oceanapia ...............................................................110Penares .............................................................. 41, 74, 195, 196penicillus, Ciocalypta ...............................................................92pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla .................. 116, 137, 138, 216pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla (Tubella) ..............................137pennsylvanica, Tubella ...........................................................137pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Trochospongilla ........................137pennsylvanica var. minima, Tubella .....................................137pennsylvanica var. minima, Trochospongilla .........................137pentactinale, Sycon ................................................................31pentactinalis, Sycon ..................................................................31pergamentacea, Aplysina ....................................... 84, 177, 200pergamentacea, Callyspongia ...............................................99pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ..... 98, 206, 209pergamentacea, Chalina .................................................. 99, 206pergamentacea, Cladochalina armigera var. ................... 99, 206pergamentacea, Haliclona ................................................ 99, 209Perissinella ............................................................... 91, 196, 211perlevis, Hymeniacidon .................................................94, 209perlevis, Spongia ......................................................................94perlucida, Paraleucilla ...........................................................26pertusa, Euspongia irregularis var. ................................... 62, 208pertusa, Spongia .....................................................................62pertusa, Spongia (Spongia) ................................... 62, 208, 213pertusa, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ...............................62pesae, Pottsiela ...................................................... 129, 130, 214petiolata, Sycandra ........................................................... 31, 215petiolatum, Sycum ...................................................................31petiolatus, Sycon .......................................................................31petricola, Oncosclera ............................................................120petricola, Spongilla .................................................................120petricola, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ....................................120Petromica .................................................... 79, 94, 95, 196, 208Petromica (Chaladesma) ......................................... 79, 95, 208Petrosia ............................................................ 80, 107, 141, 196Petrosia (Petrosia) .................................................. 80, 107, 196Petrosiidae ....................................................................106, 196Petrosina ...............................................................................106pfeifferae, Azorica ........................................................... 142, 205pfeifferae, Leiodermatium ................................... 142, 205, 206pfeifferae, Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) ....................................142pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Azorica ................................ 142, 206Phakellia ................................................................. 90, 196, 211phakellina, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) .....................................150phakellina, Raspaxilla .................................................... 149, 150Phellodermidae ....................................................................196Pheronema ............................................................................179Pheronematidae ...................................................................179philippinensis, Rossella ...........................................................183Phloeodictyidae ............................................................108, 196Phloeodictyon .........................................................................109Phorbas .............................................84, 163, 196, 205, 211, 212Phoriospongia ................................................................ 148, 211phylloides, Chondrillina ................................................... 71, 206phyllodes, Chondrilla ....................................................... 71, 206phyllodes, Spirastrella ...............................................................71Pilochrota ........................................................... 42, 43, 211, 212Pione ................................................................................67, 206Placospongia ................................................. 67, 68, 69, 78, 196Placospongiidae .....................................................................67placospongioides, Didiscus........................................................96Plakina ..........................................................................140, 196Plakinastrella ........................................................ 140, 141, 196Plakinidae .....................................................................140, 196Plakortis .................................................. 81, 141, 142, 196, 212plumosa, Pronax ............................................................ 163, 212plumosa, Spongia ...................................................................163plumosa, Spongilla .................................................................125plumosa var. fusifera, Myxilla......................................... 163, 211246

Taxonomic Indexplumosa var. palmeri, Dosilia.................................................125plumosa var. palmeri, Meyenia...................................... 125, 210plumosus, Phorbas ............................................... 163, 211, 212Poecillastra ....................................................................... 50, 212Poecilosclerida ..............................................................144, 196polydiscus, Dactylocalyx .........................................................144Polyfibrospongia ......................................................... 62, 63, 196Polymastia ...................................69, 71, 78, 159, 196, 212, 214Polymastiidae .................................................................69, 197polypoides, Axinella .................................................................89Polytherses .................................................................. 58, 59, 197Porifera ....................................................................................25porosum, Psammoclema ..............................................159, 212porosum, Psammopemma .............................................. 159, 212Potamolepidae ......................................................................118Potamolepis ............................................................................121Potamophloios ......................................................................121poterium, Ascaltis ...................................................................36poterium, Ascetta .....................................................................36poterium, Ascetta primordialis var. ..........................................36poterium, Clathrina .................................................................36poterium, Leucosolenia ............................................................36potiguar, Leucetta ..................................................................37Pottsiela ........................................................... 81, 129, 130, 214praetexta, Aplysina .................................................................178prava, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. .................................62Prianus ................................................................... 107, 197, 212primigenia, Leucetta ................................................................36primordialis, Clathrina .................................................... 33, 206primordialis var. poterium, Ascetta .........................................36procera, Clathria ..................................................................148procera, Clathria (Thalysias) ......................................148, 212procerus, Rhaphidophlus ........................................................148prolifera, Clathria (Clathria) ......................................146, 210prolifera, Microciona ...................................................... 146, 210prolifera, Spongia ...................................................................146Pronax ............................................................................ 163, 212Prosuberites ............................................................................161proteus, Hyrtios ......................................................................63Protosuberites ......................................................... 72, 197, 212proxima, Neofibularia ............................................................106proxima, Neopetrosia ...........................................................106proxima, Thalysias .................................................................106proxima, Xestospongia ...........................................................106Psammaplysilla ......................................................................197Psammochela ................................................................. 160, 212Psammocinia .................................................... 59, 77, 206, 209Psammoclema ...............................................................159, 212Psammopemma .............................................................. 159, 212Psammotoxa ................................................................... 148, 212Pseudaxinella ............................................................. 89, 90, 212Pseudoceratina ............................................................... 171, 212pseudolacunosa, Aplysina ....................................................177pseudomolitba, Haliclona ......................................................100pseudos, Pseudosuberites ..........................................................67Pseudosuberites ...................................................... 67, 197, 212pseudotoxa, Callyspongia ....................................................100pseudotoxa, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ...................100, 215Ptilocaulis ..................................78, 91, 196, 197, 198, 211, 214pumiceus, Dactylocalyx .......................................................180pumiceus stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx.......................................180pumilio, Desmacella ...............................................................152pura, Leucaltis ..........................................................................36purpurata, Mycale (Naviculina) .........................................158purpurea, Myriastra ......................................................... 42, 211purpurea, Stelletta ............................................................ 42, 214pusilla, Microciona .................................................................150putridosa, Oceanapia ..................................................110, 213putridosa, Rhizochalina ................................................. 110, 213pydanieli, Dosilia ................................................. 125, 126, 210pygmaea, Uruguaya ...............................................................138pygmaea, Uruguayella ...........................................................138Qquadripartita, Mycale ..........................................................157quadripartita, Mycale (Mycale)...........................................157quadriradiata, Clathrina ......................................................34quirimure, Craniella ............................................................170RRacekiela ............................................................... 130, 131, 205radiata, Tetilla ..............................................................170, 171Radiella .................................................................................197Radiospongilla .................................81, 123, 131, 132, 208, 212radovani, Acanthacarnus ............................................... 145, 205radovani, Acarnus ................................................. 81, 145, 205ramosa, Callyspongia .............................................................206ramosa, Gelliodes .........................................................104, 105ramosa, Hircinia ......................................................................58ramosa, Ircinia .......................................................................58ramosa, Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ......................... 56, 213ramosum, Leiodermatium .....................................................144ramosum, Psammoclema .......................................................159ramosum, Siphonidium .......................................................144ramosus, Anchinoe ......................................................... 163, 205ramosus, Aphrocallistes ..........................................................180ramosus, Phorbas ................................................... 84, 163, 205ramsayi, Ephydatia ................................................................126ramsayi, Ephydatia fluviatilis ................................................126ramsayi forma talaensis, Ephydatia ......................................126raphida, Cliona ................................................................66, 77raphidifera, Coelosphaera ...................................................159raphidifera, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ................159, 208raphidifera, Fibularia ..................................................... 159, 208Raspaciona ............................................................................197Raspailia ....................................82, 83, 149, 150, 197, 206, 212Raspailia (Raspailia) ............................................. 82, 149, 206Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ................................... 83, 149, 150, 212247

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaRaspailiidae ...................................................................148, 197Raspailiinae ..........................................................................149Raspaxilla ............................................................... 149, 150, 212rea, Anacanthaea .....................................................................96rea, Epipolasis ...........................................................................96rea, Myrmekioderma ......................................................96, 211recife, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) .................... 83, 160, 212recife, Psammochela ....................................................... 160, 212recurvata, Acalle ................................................... 110, 214, 216recurvata, Spongilla ....................................................... 110, 214recurvata, Tubella .......................................................... 110, 216reiswigi, Epipolasis ...................................................................96reiswigi, Lophocalyx .............................................................183Reniera ....................................................100, 101, 102, 107, 165renieroides, Chalinula ............................................................100reniformis, Chondrosia .................................................... 53, 206Reniochalina ............................................................................89repens, Trochospongilla ............................... 123, 138, 139, 216repens, Uruguaya ................................................... 138, 139, 216repens, Uruguayella ........................................................ 122, 138reptans, Desmacidon ...................................................... 162, 207reticulata, Axinella ........................................................... 89, 205reticulata, Dragmacidon .................................................. 90, 207reticulata, Metania .......................116, 120, 138, 194, 214, 216reticulata, Pseudaxinella .................................................. 89, 212reticulata, Spongilla ............................................... 115, 116, 214reticulata, Tubella .......................................................... 116, 216reticulatum, Dragmacidon ...................... 89, 90, 205, 207, 212reticulatus, Dragmacidon ................................................ 90, 207reticulatus, Tarrus ....................................................................34reticulum, Ascandra .................................................................34reticulum, Ascometra ...............................................................34reticulum, Auloplegma .............................................................34reticulum, Clathrina ..............................................................34reticulum, Clistolynthus ...........................................................34reticulum, Leucosolenia ...........................................................34reticulum, Nardoa ....................................................................34reticulum, Nardopsis ................................................................34reticulum, Nardorus .................................................................34reticulum, Olynthus .................................................................34reticulum, Soleniscus ................................................................34reticulum, Tarrus .....................................................................34retiformis, Ascandra .................................................................34revizee, Erylus .........................................................................46Rhabdastrella ..................................................... 41, 42, 74, 197Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) ........................................................41Rhabderemia ......................................................... 150, 151, 197Rhabderemiidae ...................................................................150Rhaphidistia .........................................................................197Rhaphidophlus ....................................................... 147, 148, 212Rhizochalina .................................................. 109, 110, 184, 213rhizophora, Reniera ................................................................102rhizophyta, Cinachyra .................................................... 168, 206ringueleti, Uruguaya ..............................................................138ringueleti, Uruguayella .................................................. 138, 216riograndensis, Geodia ............................................................49robusta, Callyspongia..............................................................206robusta, Dysidea ..............................................................57, 76robusta, Isodictya ...................................................................108robusta, Oceanapia .................................................. 80, 109, 211robusta, Toxochalina ...................................................... 100, 215rocasensis, Acanthotetilla ............................................167, 184Roosa ......................................................................................141roquensis, Topsentia .................................................................95rosacea, Halichondria ............................................................164rosea, Aplysilla ........................................................................54rosea, Euryspongia ...........................................................57, 76rosea, Verongia .........................................................................54roseus, Leucascus ....................................................................36Rossella ...................................................................................183Rossellidae ............................................................................182rubra, Tethya ..........................................................................87rudifera, Leucandra ................................................. 28, 29, 210rudifera, Leuconia ....................................................................28ruetzleri, Dictyonella ........................................................ 92, 207ruetzleri, Scopalina .......................................... 79, 92, 207, 216ruetzleri, Stelletta ...................................................................43ruetzleri, Ulosa ................................................................. 92, 216rusbyi, Drulia .........................................................................112rusbyi, Drulia brownii var......................................................112rusbyi, Parmula ......................................................................112rusbyi, Parmula brownii var. .................................................112rustica, Pachychalina .............................................................105ryderi, Heteromeyenia ...........................................................131Ssacca, Grantessa ........................................................................29Saccocalyx .............................................................................182sacculata, Leucandra ........................................................ 25, 210sacculata, Leucilla ..........................................................25, 210sacculata, Leuconia .......................................................... 25, 210salvadori, Jaspis ................................................................41, 74Samidae .................................................................................171Samus ..............................................................................51, 171sanguinea, Hymeniacidon ............................................... 94, 209sanguinea, Spongia ..................................................................94sanguineus, Hymeniacidon .............................................. 94, 209Sarcotragus .....................................................................60, 209Sarostegia ..............................................................................197Saturnospongilla ..................................................................132scalaris, Cacospongia................................................................63Scalarispongia .......................................................... 63, 77, 206scarlatum, Prosuberites ..........................................................161Sceptrella ...............................................................................197sceptroides, Spongilla .............................................................131sceptrum, Agelas .....................................................................39sceptrum, Alcyonium ...............................................................39schmidti, Agelas ................................................................39, 40248

Taxonomic Indexschmidti, Cliona ......................................................................66schmidti, Hyalonema ...........................................................178schmidti, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ................................178schmidti, Vioa ..........................................................................66Schmidtia ...............................................................................107schmidtii, Tribrachion ..............................................................43schmidtii, Tribrachium .............................................. 43, 44, 75schubarti, Oncosclera ...........................................................120schubarti, Spongilla.................................................................120schubarti, Spongilla (Euspongilla) .........................................120Scolopes .............................................................................64, 77Scopalina ..............................................79, 91, 92, 197, 207, 216seckti, Corvospongilla ..................................................124, 207senegalensis, Mycale ....................................................... 156, 211sepia, Guitarra ..............................................................153, 191sericata, Leucandra ..................................................................30sericatum, Aphroceras ...................................................... 30, 205sericatum, Leuconia .................................................................30sericatum, Vosmaeropsis ................................................30, 205serrata, Leucandra .................................................................29seychellensis, Alemo ..................................................................87seychellensis, Tethya ...............................................................87sheilae, Acanthodiscus .................................................... 131, 205sheilae, Anheteromeyenia ............................................... 131, 205sheilae, Racekiela .........................................................131, 205Sidonops...................................................................... 48, 49, 213sieboldi, Hyalonema ...............................................................178Sigmaxinella ...................................................................83, 152Sigmatoxella............................................................................152simplex, Asteropus ............................................................ 40, 205simplex, Leucascus ..................................................................36simplex, Plakortis ........................................................... 141, 212simplex, Samus .........................................................................51simplex, Stellettinopsis .............................................................40simplicissima, Eurete ..............................................................181sinuatus, Spongosorites ............................................................95Siphonidiidae .......................................................................143Siphonidium .........................................................................144soesti, Erylus ....................................................................46, 208solangeae, Aplysina ........................................................84, 178Soleniscus .................................................................................34sollasi, Characella .....................................................................50sollasi, Poecillastra ............................................................ 50, 212soteropolitana, Stelletta .........................................................43souriei, Acanthacarnus ...........................................................145souriei, Acarnus ....................................................................145souriei, Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) .........................................145sparsus, Agelas .................................................................. 38, 205sphaerica, Paraleucilla ...................................................26, 195sphaeroconia, Caminus ...................................................44, 75sphaeroidocladus, Thrombus ...................................................52sphaeroidocladus, Yucatania .................................................52Sphaerotylus .........................................................................197Spheciospongia ........................................... 64, 67, 77, 197, 212Sphinctrella ...................................................................... 52, 213spinata, Metania .......................................... 116, 117, 210, 216spinata, Tedania ...................................................................167spinata, Tedania (Trachytedania) ..............................167, 215spinata, Trachytedania ...........................................................167spinata, Tubella ...................................................... 117, 137, 216spinifera, Oncosclera ............................................................120spinifera, Stratospongilla ........................................................120spinomicroxea, Biemna .......................................................151spinosa, Crella ......................................................................162spinosa, Crella (Grayella) ...................................... 84, 162, 207spinosa, Crelloxea ........................................................... 162, 207Spinosella .................................................................................99spinosigma, Paresperella.........................................................211spinosulus, Filifera (Sarcotragus) .............................................60Spirasigmidae .......................................................................197Spirastrella .....................................64, 66, 70, 71, 197, 206, 213Spirastrellidae .........................................................................70Spirophorida ........................................................................167splendida, Geodia ...................................................................49spoliata, Pottsiela ................................................... 81, 130, 214spoliata, Spongilla .................................................. 129, 130, 214Spongelia .................................................................... 56, 60, 213Spongia ...................27, 30, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 90, 93,94, 99, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 126, 133, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152,153, 163, 174, 176, 190, 198, 208, 209, 213, 214Spongia (Heterofibria) ...........................................................61Spongia (Spongia) .................................... 61, 62, 208, 209, 213Spongiidae ......................................................................60, 198Spongilla ....... 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 122,123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 214Spongilla (Euspongilla) ..........................................................120Spongilla (Stratospongilla) .................................... 118, 120, 121Spongillidae ..................................................................123, 198Spongillina ............................................................................110Spongosorites ............................................................ 90, 95, 198stalagmitis, Reniochalina .........................................................89stauridia, Sycetta ......................................................................29stellata, Halicometes .................................................................86stellata, Hymedesmia ...............................................................88Stelletta ................. 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 74, 75, 198, 211, 212, 214Stelletta (Pilochrota) ....................................................... 42, 214Stellettinopsis ............................................................................40stellifasciata, Timea ...............................................................88Stelospongia ....................................................................... 62, 63Stelospongus ..................................................................... 59, 214stendelli, Potamolepis .............................................................121stepanowii, Heteromeyenia .................................... 127, 128, 209stepanowii, Heteromeyenia bailey var....................................128Sterrastrolepis ....................................................... 121, 122, 214stipitata, Polymastia ................................................................71stipitata, Stylocordyla ................................................. 71, 78, 214stipitata, Stylorhiza ..................................................................71Stoeba ....................................................................... 51, 198, 214249

Catalogue of Brazilian PoriferaStratospongilla ........................................118, 120, 121, 122, 214strobilina, Ircinia ................................................... 59, 209, 214strobilina, Spongia ...................................................................59Strongylacidon ..............................................................190, 198Strongylamma ......................................................................198stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx pumiceus ......................................180Stylaxinella ............................................................... 91, 198, 214stylifera, Gastrophanella ................................................ 143, 208Stylinos ............................................................................. 91, 214Stylocordyla ............................................................... 71, 78, 214Stylocordylidae .......................................................................71Stylorhiza .................................................................................71Stylotella ...................................................................................94styx, Myrmekioderma ...................................................... 96, 211suberea, Euplectella ..............................................................182suberea, Papillina .....................................................................65Suberites ....................... 69, 72, 85, 141, 198, 209, 212, 214, 215Suberitidae ......................................................................71, 198subglobosus, Dactylocalyx ......................................................180subtilis, Metania ...................................................................117subtriangularis, Neopetrosia ...............................................107subtriangularis, Spongia ........................................................107subtriangularis, Xestospongia ................................................107sulfurea, Halichondria ...........................................................93sulfurea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ................................93surgens, Ectyoplasia ferox .......................................................149sventres, Agelas .......................................................................40Sycandra ........................................................................... 31, 215Sycarium ................................................................... 25, 31, 215Sycetta ......................................................................................29Sycettidae ........................................................................31, 198Sycettusa .............................................29, 30, 198, 205, 208, 211Sycinula .............................................................................. 27, 31Sycodendrum ............................................................................31Sycon ........................................................................ 31, 198, 215Syconella ........................................................................... 31, 215Syculmis ............................................................................ 25, 215Sycum ......................................................................................31Sycurus ............................................................................ 25, 215symbiotica, Spheciospongia ..................................... 67, 77, 197Sympagella ............................................................................198synapta, Amphoriscus ....................................................25, 215synapta, Sycarium ............................................................ 25, 215synapta, Syculmis ............................................................. 25, 215synapta, Sycurus ............................................................... 25, 215Synops................................................................... 47, 48, 49, 215Ttabula, Spongia ......................................................................149talaensis, Ephydatia ramsayi forma ......................................126Tarrus .......................................................................................34Tedania ...........................................160, 165, 166, 167, 198, 215Tedania (Tedania) ........................................ 165, 166, 167, 215Tedania (Tedaniopsis) .......................................... 165, 166, 167Tedania (Trachytedania) .............................................167, 215Tedaniidae .............................................................................165Tedaniopsis ..................................................................... 165, 166Teichaxinella ............................................................ 89, 198, 215Tenaciella................................................................................147tenda, Vomerula .....................................................................153tenebrica, Halichondria .........................................................94tenebrica, Halichondria (Halichondria) ..............................93tenerrima, Callyspongia ........................................................99tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .............................99tenerrima, Callyspongia (Spinosella) ......................................99tenui-laminaris, Azorica pfeifferae ................................ 142, 206tenuis, Basiectyon ...........................................................149, 206tenuis, Raspailia ...................................................................149tenuis, Raspailia (Raspailia) ................................. 82, 149, 206tenuissima, Hymedesmia .......................................................164tenuissima, Hymenancora ...........................................164, 211tenuissima, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ............................... 164, 211tenuissima, Trochospongilla ...................................................135tenuissima, Verongia .............................................. 176, 177, 216Terpios ........................................................... 57, 72, 78, 85, 199tertia, Thorecta exemplum var. ................................................63tetela, Guancha .......................................................................35Tethea .......................................................................................51Tethya .....................................70, 86, 87, 88, 170, 199, 207, 215Tethyidae .................................................................................86tethyoides, Craniella ...............................................................169Tethytimea .............................................................. 87, 199, 215Tetilla ..................................................... 168, 170, 171, 199, 215Tetillidae ........................................................................167, 199tetractina, Clathrina ..............................................................34tetraverticillata, Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ......................144textile, Cornulum ...................................................................146Thalysias .......................................................66, 70, 71, 106, 165Thenea .....................................................................................51Theonellidae .................................................................144, 199Thoosa ...................................................................................199Thorecta ............................................................ 63, 64, 154, 199Thorectidae .....................................................................62, 199Thrinacophora .......................................................... 83, 89, 150Thrinacophorinae ................................................................150Thrombidae ....................................................................52, 199Thrombus ........................................................................52, 199thumi, Corvomeyenia .......................................... 111, 117, 216thumi, Tubella ........................................................ 111, 117, 216Timea ............................................................... 88, 148, 199, 215Timeidae ..................................................................................88Tisiphonia ................................................................................51topsenti, Erylus .................................................................46, 208Topsentia ......................................................... 95, 191, 199, 208tonollii, Oncosclera ..............................................................121tonollii, Spongilla ...................................................................121tonollii, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) .......................................121toxeata, Acarnus .............................................................82, 146250

Taxonomic Indextoxiformis, Erylus ...................................................................46Toxochalina ............................................................ 100, 199, 215Trachycladus .........................................................................199Trachygellius ........................................................... 168, 169, 215Trachytedania ................................................................ 167, 215transiens, Erylus ............................................................... 44, 208transiens, Stelletta ....................................................................44Tribrachion ...............................................................................43Tribrachium ................................................................ 43, 44, 75trilabis, Ectoforcepia ....................................................... 160, 207trilabis, Forcepia ...................................................................160trilabis, Forcepia (Forcepia) .................................. 83, 160, 207trilopha, Plakina ..................................................................140trincomalensis, Euspongia.........................................................62trincomalensis, Spongia.................................................... 62, 213trisigmata, Biemna ..............................................................151Trochospongilla .... 116, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,208, 210, 214, 215, 216Trypespongia ............................................................................60Tuba .........................................................................................98Tubella ............. 110, 111, 116, 117, 133, 136, 137, 138, 215, 216tuberculata, Drulia brownii var. ............................................112tuberculata, Parmula brownii var. ................................. 112, 211tubifera, Haliclona .......................................................102, 191tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) ......................................101, 102tubifera, Reniera ....................................................................101tubifex, Coelosphaera .............................................................159tubulata, Agelas ......................................................................40tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis ......................62tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia officinalis ......................... 62, 213tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia officinalis ...............................62tubulifera var. prava, Spongia officinalis .................................62turbinata, Tedaniopsis ...........................................................166turgida, Spongia .......................................................................63tylastra, Geodia ................................................................50, 76Tylodesma ..............................................................................152tylota, Artemisina ........................................................... 146, 205tylota, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) ................... 83, 160, 212tylota, Psammochela ...................................................... 160, 212tylotum, Cornulum ................................................ 82, 146, 205typica, Raspailia .....................................................................149typus, Corallistes ................................................... 142, 143, 207typus, Coscinospongia .................................................... 143, 207UUlosa ................................................................ 92, 152, 199, 216umbellifera, Leptosia ..............................................................164unguifera, Monanchora .........................................................161unguiferus, Echinostylinos ............................... 83, 161, 162, 207uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia .................................................151uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) ..........................151Uruguaya ........................122, 123, 133, 138, 139, 207, 214, 216Uruguayella .................................................... 122, 133, 138, 216uruguayensis, Drulia ...................................................114, 118Ute ............................................................................................25uter, Leucilla ............................................................. 25, 26, 210Vvagabundus var. annexa, Desmacella ....................................152vagabundus var. annexa, Desmacodes ...................................152vaginalis, Callyspongia ..........................................................99vaginalis, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .......................99, 100vaginalis, Callyspongia (Spinosella)........................................ 99vaginalis, Spinosella .................................................................99vaginalis, Spinosella vaginalis forma .......................................99vaginalis, Spongia ....................................................................99vanhoeffeni, Tedania ....................................................165, 166vanhoeffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) ............................166, 167vanhoffeni, Tedania ............................................... 165, 166, 167vanhoffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) .........................................165vansoesti, Igernella ...................................................................56variabilis, Dysidea ....................................................................57variabilis, Haliclona ...............................................................103variabilis, Pachychalina .........................................................103variabilis, Spongosorites ...........................................................90variabilis, Trochospongilla ..................................................139variabilis var. arachnoides, Ascandra........................................30varians, Anthosigmella ..................................................... 66, 205varians, Cliona ....................................................... 66, 205, 213varians, Spirastrella ......................................................... 66, 213varians, Thalysias .....................................................................66variantia, Halichondria .........................................................151vastifica, Cliona ........................................................................67velata, Spongelia ......................................................................60ventilabra, Spongia ..................................................................90ventilabrum, Halichondria ......................................................90ventilabrum, Phakellia ..................................................... 90, 211ventilabrum var. connexiva, Phakellia ............................. 90, 211vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia ................. 62, 213vermiculata ditelliformis, Spongia ................................... 62, 213vermiculata, Spongia ....................................................... 62, 213Verongia .................... 54, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 199, 200, 216Verongida ..............................................................................171Verongula ..............................................................................178vesparia, Cliona .......................................................................67vesparia, Spheciospongia ..........................................................67vesparium, Alcyonium .............................................................67vesparium, Spheciospongia ...........................................67, 212vickersii, Cyamon .........................................................148, 215vickersii, Dictyocylindrus .......................................................148vigilans, Sycon ........................................................................31Viles ..........................................................................................95villosa, Callyspongia ............................................................100villosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .................................100villosa, Dactylochalina............................................................100villosa, Esperiopsis ..................................................................152villosa, Spongia ......................................................................100Vioa ...................................................................... 41, 64, 66, 216251

Catalogue of Brazilian Poriferaviolacea, Holoxea .............................................................40, 74virgula, Rhabdastrella .....................................................42, 74virgultosa, Spongia ................................................... 60, 147, 214viridis, Amphimedon ...........................................................104viridis, Haliclona ....................................................................104viridis, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ..........................................104viridis var. carteri, Cliona ................................................ 64, 207volkmeri, Corvospongilla .............................................125, 207Vomerula ................................................................................153vosmaeri, Geodia ........................................................ 47, 48, 208vosmaeri, Synops .................................................. 47, 48, 49, 215Vosmaeropsis ........................................................... 30, 200, 205Vulcanella ................................................................ 52, 200, 213Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ..................................................52, 213vulcani, Caminus .....................................................................44Wwagneri, Spongilla .......................................................... 133, 214walpersi, Pandaros ...................................................................91walpersi, Ptilocaulis ...............................................................91walteri, Acanthotetilla .........................................................167Waltherarndtia .....................................................................200weinbergi, Petrosia ...............................................................107weinbergi, Petrosia (Petrosia) ............................... 80, 107, 196wiedenmayeri, Agelas ......................................................39, 40Wilsonella ...............................................................................148XXestospongia ....................................80, 106, 107, 197, 200, 212YYucatania ................................................................................52Zzeae, Chalinula .....................................................................101zyggompha, Plakortis .............................................................141zyggompha, Roosa ..................................................................141Zygomycale ..................................................................... 158, 216252

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Catalogue ofBrazilian PoriferaThe scientific interest for sponges (Phylum Porifera) in Brazil has grownenormously in the last decades. Unfortunately, the increase in the number ofarticles also increased the confusion in the taxonomy of sponges of Brazil, mainlydue to the instability of sponge classification, to misunderstandings of synonyms, andto a large number of articles published by non-taxonomists or in relatively obscure,regional journals. It became thus necessary to revise and organize the literature citationsof sponges from Brazil, in an attempt to determine which and how many sponge speciesoccur in the Brazilian extensive hydrographic basins and Exclusive Economic Zone.This catalogue is a compilation of all names of sponge species ever reported from Braziland all the relevant references about Brazilian sponges up to year 2010. Valid speciesnames are separated from non-accepted names and unidentified species, reported asaffinis (aff.), confer (cf.), or species (sp.). Taxonomic changes implicit in the literatureare updated and formalized. For each species are listed all names used to refer to itwith the corresponding references and pages, the type specimens, the type locality, theprecise location of each record, and its distribution in Brazil and in the world; remarksare added when necessary. This catalogue also provides lists of species reported for eachlocality and tries to detect and to correct several misinterpretations about the identity,classification and distribution of the sponges reported from Brazil. It points out theendemic species, the species with taxonomic problems that need revision, and thepoorly known regions and localities that need more collections.This catalogue is meant to be a tool for the sponge taxonomist as a guide to the specializedliterature about Porifera of Brazil, and hopefully will provide a more solid basis for thefuture development of sponge taxonomy in Brazil.Front cover: Marine sponges fromBrazil. Clockwise from top left:Ectyoplasia ferox , Paraleucillamagna, Callyspongia pergamentacea,Clathrina aurea, Petrosia weinbergi.photos guilherme muricy.Left: Heteromeyenia cristalina, afreshwater sponge.photo ulisses pinheiro.

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