Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals - science . naturalis

Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals 

STEPHEN D. CAIRNS', BERT W. HOEKSEMA2 and JACOB VAN DER LAND2 

PREFACE 

Within the five cnidarian orders that contain species having calcified skeletons (i.e., the 

"stony corals"), a11 valid, extant species are listed below in alphabetical order by family, genus, 

and species. Their general distribution is indicated to the right of each species by numbers: 1, 

western Atlantic; 2, eastern Atlantic; 3, Indian Ocean; 4, western and central Pacific; 5, eastern 

Pacific; and 6, Subantarctic and Antarctic regions. A question mark in a column indicates a 

questionable occurrence in this region. For the scleractinians, the azooxanthellate species are 

marked with an asterisk, the zooxanthellate are unmarked, and those 11 species that occur as both 

forms are marked with a cross (+). 

This is believed to be the first complete and critical listing of all 1574 species of extant 

stony corals, consisting of 1314 scleractinians and 260 calcified hydrozoans. It is meant to 

complement a similar Internet version of the same list to be released as part of the UNESCO-IOC 

Register of Marine Organisms (ed., J. van der Land, National Museum of Natural History, 

Leiden), the first draft of which was compiled in 1995. Although every effort was made to make 

the list as complete and accurate as possible through 1998, we acknowledge that there are 

certainly errors of omissions and interpretation. We consider this as a first effort to establish a 

data base of all valid, extant species, and welcome any comments and corrections to the list. In 

general, the first author was responsible for the accuracy of the species included in the 

azooxanthellate Scleractinia, western Atlantic Scleractinia, and Stylasteridae, whereas the second 

author was responsible for the Indo-West Pacific zooxanthellate Scleractinia and calcified 

hydrozoans (Milleporidae). We acknowledge that there exist other calcified octocorallian 

cnidarians that are not listed herein, pertaining to the families: Tubiporidae, Helioporidae, 

Lithotelestidae, Coralliidae, and Isididae, as well as calcified hydrozoans of the genus 

Pseudsolandauia. 

We believe the value of such a list to be manifold. It serves as a documentation of the 

species richness of larger taxa; it provides authorship and date of publication of all species; it 

provides a starting point for identification of corals from various geographic regions; it serves as 

'Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural Histo~y, Smithsonian 

Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 

>National Museum of Natural History, Postbus 9517,2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

a point of reference before a new species is described; and it may help to avoid homonymy in 

future described species, although one should be aware that fossil species are not listed in this 

account. 

Phylum CNIDARIA 

Class ANTHOZOA 

Subclass HEXACORALLIA 

Order SCLERACTINIA 

Acroporidae 

Acropora abrolhosensis Veron, 1985 

Acropora aculeus (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora acuminata (Verrill, 1864) 

Acropora akajimensis Veron, 1990 

Acropora anthocercis (Brook, 1893) 

Acropora arabensis Hodgson & Carpenter, 1996 

Acropora aspera (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora anstera (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora awi Wallace & Wolstenholtne, 1998 

Acropora azurea Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora batunai Wallace, 1997 

Acropora branchi Riegl, 1995 

Acropora brueggemanni (Brook, 1893) 

Acropora bushyensis Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora cardenae Wells, 1986 

Acropora carduus (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora caroliniana Nemenzo, 1976 

Acropora cerealis (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora cervicornis (Lamarck, 1816) 1 

Acropora chesterfieldensis Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora clathrata (Brook, 1891) 

Acropora copiosa Nemenzo, 1967 

Acropora crateriforrnis (Gardiner, 1898) 

Acropora cuneata (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora cytherea (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora danai (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora dendrum (Bassett-Smith,l890) 

Acropora derawaensis Wallace, I997 

Acropora desalwii Wallace, 1994 

Acropora digitifera (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora divaricata (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora donei Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora echinata (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora elegans (M. Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora elseyi (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora eurystoma (Klunzinger, 1879) 

Acropora exquisita Nemenzo, 197 1 

Distribution

Acropora florida (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora formosa (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora gemmifera (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora glauca (Brook, 1893) 

Acropora grandis (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora granulosa (M. Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora halmaherae Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998 

Acropora hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Acropora hoeksemai Wallace, 1997 

Acropora horrida (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora humilis (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora hyacinthus (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora indiana Wallace, 1994 

Acropora indonesia Wallace, 1997 

Acropora insignis Nemenzo, 1967 

Acropora intermedia (Brook, 189 1) 

Acropora jacquelinae Wallace, 1994 

Acropora kirstyae Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora kosurini Wallace, 1994 

Acropora latistella (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora listeri (Brook, 1893) 

Acropora loisetteae Wallace, 1994 

Acropora lokani Wallace, 1994 

Acropora Iongicyathus (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora loripes (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora lovelli Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora lutkeni Crossland, 1952 

Acropora magnifica Nemenzo, 1971 

Acropora microclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Acropora microphthalma (Verrill, 1869) 

Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Acropora mirabilis Quelch, 1886 

Acropora monticulosa (Brueggemann, 1879) 

Acropora mossambica Riegl, 1995 

Acroposa multiacuta Nemenzo, 1967 

Acropora nana (Studer, 1878) 

Acropora nasuta (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora natalensis Riegl, 1995 

Acropora nobilis (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora ocellata (Klunzinger, 1879) 

Acropora palifera (Lamarck, 1816) 

Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) 

Acropora palmerae Wells, 1954 

Acropora paniculata Verrill, 1902 

Acropora parilis Quelch, 1886 

Acropora pharaonis (M. Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora plumosa Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998 

Acropora pocilloporina Wallace, 1994 

Acropora polystoma (Brook, 1891) 

Acropora prolifera (Lamarck, 1816) 

Acropora pruinosa (Brook, 1893)

Acropora pulchra (Brook, 1891) 

Acropora rambleri Bassett-Smith, 1890 

Acropora rohusta (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora rosaria (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora rudis (Rehherg, 1892) 

Acropora russelli Wallace, 1994 

Acropora samoensis (Brook, 189 1) 

Acropora sarmentosa (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora schmitti Wells, 1950 

Acropora secale (Studer, 1878) 

Acropora sekiseiensis Veron, 1990 

Acropora selago (Studer, 1878) 

Acropora simplex Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998 

Acropora solitaryensis Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora sordiensis Riegl, 1995 

Acropora spicifera (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora squarrosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Acropora stoddarti Pillai & Scheer, 1976 

Acropora striata (Verrill, 1866) 

Acropora suhglabra (Brook, 189 1) 

Acropora subulata (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora suharsonoi Wallace, 1994 

Acropora sukamoi Wallace, 1997 

Acropora tanegashimensis Veron, 1990 

Acropora tenella (Brook, 1892) 

Acropora tenuis (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora teres (Verrill, 1866) 

Acropora togianensis Wallace, 1997 

Acropora torihalimeda Wallace, 1994 

Acropora toltuosa (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora tumida Verrill, 1866 

Acropora turaki Wallace, 1994 

Acropora valenciennesi (M. Edwards & Haime, 1860) 

Acropora valida (Dana, 1846) 

Acropora vaughani Wells, 1954 

Acropora verweyi Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora wallacea Veron, 1990 

Acropora willisae Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Acropora yongei Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Anacropora forbesi Ridley, 1884 

Anacropora matthai Pillai, 1973 

Anacropora puertogalerae Nemenzo, 1964 

Anacropora reticulata Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Anacropora spinosa Rehberg, 1892 

Astreopora cucullata Lamberts, 1980 

Astreopora explanata Veron, 1985 

Astreopora gracilis Bernard, I896 

Astreopora incrustans Bernard, 1896 

Astreopora lanibertsi Moll & Best, 1984 

Astreopora listeri Bernard, 1896 

Astreopora macrostoma Veron & Wallace, 1984

Astreopora moretonensis Veron & Wallace, I984 

Astreopora myriophthalma (Lamarck, 1816) 

Astreopora ocellata Bernard, 1896 

Astreopora suggesta Wells, 1954 

Montipora aequituberculata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora altasepta Nemenzo, 1964 

Montipora angulata (Lamarck, 1816) 

Montipora australiensis Bernard, 1897 

Montipora cactus Bernard, 1897 

Montipora calcarea Bernard, 1897 

Montipora caliculata (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora capitata Dana, 1846 

Montipora capricornis Veron, 1985 

Montipora cebuensis Nemenzo, 1976 

Montipora circumvallata (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Montipora confusa Nemenzo, 1967 

Montipora corbettensis Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Montipora crassituberculata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora danae (M. Edwards & Haitne, 1851) 

Montipora digitata (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora edwardsi Bernard, 1879 

Montipora efflorescens Bernard, 1897 

Montipora effusa Dana, IS46 

Montipora florida Nemenzo, I967 

Montipora floweri Wells, 1954 

Montipora foliosa (Pallas, 1766) 

Montipora foveolata (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora friabilis Bernard, 1897 

Montipora gaimardi Bernard, 1897 

Montipora granulosa Bernard, 1897 

Montipora grisea Bernard, 1897 

Montipora hirsuta Nemenzo, 1967 

Montipora hispida (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora hoffmeisteri Wells, 1954 

Montipora incrassata (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora informis Bernard, 1897 

Montipora Lobulata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora mactanensis Nemenzo, 1979 

Montipora malampaya Nemenzo, 1967 

Montipora millepora Crossland, 1952 

Montipora mollis Bernard, 1897 

Montipora monasteriata (Forskal, 1775) 

Montipora nodosa (Dana, 1846) 

Montipora orientalis Nemenzo, 1967 

Montipora peltiformis Bernard, 1897 

Montipora samarensis Nemenzo, 1967 

Montipora setosa Nemenzo, 1976 

Montipora solanderi Bernard, 1879 

Montipora spongiosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Montipora spongodes Bernard, 1897 

Montipora spumosa (Lamarck, 18 16)

Montipora stellata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora stilosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Montipora striata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora tuberculosa (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Montipora turgescens Bernard, 1897 

Montipora turtlensis Veron & Wallace, 1984 

Montipora undata Bernard, 1897 

Montipora venosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Montipora vessucosa (Lamarck, 1816) 

Agariciidae 

Agaricia agaricites (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Agaricia fragilis Dana, 1846 

Agaricia grahamae Wells, 1973 

Agaricia humilis Verrill, 1902 

Agaricia lamarcki M. Edwards & Haime, 1851 

Agaricia tenuifolia Dana, 1846 

Agaricia undata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Coeloseris mayeri Vaughan, 1918 

Gardineroseris planulata (Dana, 1846) 

Helioseris cucullata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Leptoseris amitoriensis Veron, 1990 

Leptoseris cailleti (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 

Leptoseris explanata Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 

Leptoseris foliosa Dinesen, 1980 

Leptoseris gardineri Van der Horst, 1921 

Leptoseris hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 

Leptoseris incrustans (Quelch, 1886) 

Leptoseris mycetoseroides Wells, 1954 

Leptoseris papyracea (Dana, 1846) 

Leptoseris scabra Vaughan, 1907 

Leptoseris solida (Quelch, 1886) 

Leptoseris tenuis Van der Horst, 1921 

Leptoseris tubulifera Vaughan, 1907 

Leptoseris yabei (Pillai & Scheer, 1976) 

Pachyseris foliosa Veron, 1990 

Pachyseris gemmae Nemenzo, 1955 

Pachyseris rugosa (Lamarck, 1801) 

Pachyseris speciosa (Dana, 1846) 

Pavona hipastita Nemenzo, 1980 

Pavona cactus (Forskil, 1775) 

Pavona clavus (Dana, 1846) 

Pavona danai (M. Edwards & Haime, 1816) 

Pavona decussata (Dana, 1846) 

Pavona diffluens Lamarck, 18 16 

Pavona divaricata Lamarck, 1816 

Pavona duerdeni Vaughan, 1907 

Pavona explanulata (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Pavona frondifera Lamarck, 18 16 

Pavona gigantea Verrill, 1869 

Pavona lata Dana, 1846

*Caryophyllia cornulum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Catyophyllia corrugata Cairns, 1979 

*Caryophyllia crosnieri Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Caryophyllia cyathus (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

*Caryophyllia decamera Cairns, 1998 

*Caryophyllia dentata Moseley, 1876 

*Caryophyllia diomedeae Marenzeller, 1904 

*Caryophyllia eltaninae Cairns, 1982 

*Caryophyllia ephyala Alcock, 1891 

*Caryophyllia foresti Zibrowius, 1980 

*Caryophyllia grandis Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 

*Caryophyllia grayi (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Caryophyllia hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907 

*Catyophyllia horologium Cairns, 1977 

*Caryophyllia inornata (Duncan, 1878) 

*Caryophyllia japonica Marenzeller, I888 

*Catyophyllia jogashimaensis Eguchi, 1968 

*Caryophyllia karubarica Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Caryophyllia Lamellifera Moseley, 1881 

*Caryophyllia mabahithi Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 

*Caryophyllia marmorea Cairns, 1984 

*Caryophyllia octonaria Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Caryophyllia octopali Vaughan, 1907 

*Catyophyllia paradoxus Alcock, 1898 

*Caryophyllia paucipalata Moseley, 1881 

*Caryophyllia pauciseptata Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

*Caryophyllia perculta Cairns, 1991 

Taryophyllia planilamellata Dennant, 1906 

*Caryophyllia polygona De Pourtalb, 1878 

Tatyophyllia profunda Moseley, 1881 

*Catyophyllia quadragenaria Alcock, 1902 

*Ca~yophyllia quangdongensis Zou, 1984 

*Caryophyllia ralphae Cairns, 1995 

*Caryophyllia rugosa Moseley, 1881 

Taryophyllia sarsiae Zibrowius 1974 

*Catyophyllia scillaemorpha Alcock, 1894 

*Caryophyllia scobinosa Alcock, 1902 

*Caryophyllia secta Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Caryophyllia seguenzae Duncan, 1873 

*Caryophyllia smithii Stokes & Broderip, 1828 

"Caryophyllia solida Cairns, 1991 

Taryophyllia spinicarens (Moseley, 1881) 

*Caryophyllia spinigera Saville Kent, 1871 

*Caryophyllia squiresi Cairns, 1982 

*Caryophyllia stellula Cairns, I998 

*Caryophyllia transversalis Moseley, 1881 

*Caryophyllia unicristata Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Caryophyllia valdiviae Zibrowius & Gili, 1990 

*Caryophyllia zanzibarensis Zou, 1984 

*Caryophyllia zopyros Cairns, 1979 

Catalaphyllia jardinei (Saville-Kent, 1893)

*Deltocyathus parvulus Keller, 1982 

*Deltocyathus philippinensis Caims & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Deltocyathus pourtalesi Cairns, 1979 

*Deltocyathus rotulus (Alcock, 1898) 

*Deltocyathus sarsi (Gardiner & Waugh, 1938) 

*Deltocyathus stella Caims & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Deltocyathus suluensis Alcock, 1902 

*Deltocyathus taiwanicus Hu, 1987 

*Deltocyathus varians Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 

*Deltocyathus vaughani Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

*Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794) 

*Desmophyllum striatum Cairns, 1979 

'Ericiocyathus echinatus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

Euphyllia ancora Veron & Pichon, 1979 

Euphyllia cristata Chevalier, 1971 

Euphyllia divisa Veron & Pichon, 1979 

Euphyllia fimbriata (Spengler, 1799) 

Euphyllia glabrescens (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) 

Euphyllia paradivisa Verou, 1990 

Euphyllia paraencora Veron, 1990 

Euphyllia paraglabrescens Veron, 1990 

Euphyllia yaeyamaensis (Shirai, 1980) 

Eusmilia fastigiata (Pallas, 1766) 

*Goniocorella dumosa (Alcock, 1902) 

Gyrosmilia interrupta (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

iHeterocyathus aequicostatus M. Edwards & I-laime, 184 

+Heterocyathus alternatus Verrill, 1865 

*Heterocyathus hemisphericus Gray 1849 

+Heterocyathus sulcatus (Verrill, 1866) 

*Hoplangia durotrix Gosse, 1860 

*Labyrinthocyathus delicatus (Marenzeller, 1904) 

*Labyrinthocyathus facetus Cairns, 1979 

*Labyrinthocyathus langae Cairns, 1979 

*Labyrinthocyathus limatulus (Squires, 1964) 

*Labyrinthocyathus quaylei (Durham, 1947) 

*Lochmaeotrochus gardineri Cairns, 1999 

*Lochmaeotrochus oculeus Alcock, 1902 

'Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Montigyra kenti Matthai, 1928 

Nemenzophyllia turbida Hodgson & Ross, 1981 

*Nomlandia californica Durham & Barnard, 1952 

*Oxysmilia circularis Cairns, 1998 

*Oxysmilia corrugata Cairns, 1999 

*Oxysmilia epithecata Cairns, 1999 

*Oxysmilia rotundifolia (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Paraconotrochus antarctica (Gardiner, 1929) 

*Paraconotrochus capense (Gardiner, 1904) 

*Paraconotrochus zeidleri Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*Paracyathus anderssoni Duncan, 1899 

*Paracyathus arcuatus Lindstrdm, 1877 

*Paracyathus cavatus Alcock, 1893

*Paracyathus conceptus Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 3 

*Paracyathus ebonensis Verrill, 1866 4 

*Paracyathus fulvus Alcock, 1893 3 4 

*Paracyathus humilis Verrill, 1870 5 

*Paracyathus indicus indicus Duncan, 1889 3 

*P. indicus gracilis Alcock, 1893 3 

*Paracyathus lifuensis Gardiner, 1899 4 

*Paracyathus molokensis Vaughan, 1907 4 

*Paracyathus montereyensis Durham, 1947 5 

*Paracyathus parvulus Gardiner, 1899 4 

*Paracyathus porcellanus Verrill, 1866 4 

*Paracyathus profundus Alcock, 1893 3 

*Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 1902 4 

*Paracyathus pulchellus (Philippi, 1842) 1 2 

*Paracyathus rotundatus Semper, 1872 3 4 

*Paracyathus stearnsii Verrill, 1869 5 

*Paracyathus stokesii M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 3 

*Paracyathus vittatus Dennant, 1906 3 

*Phacelocyathus flos (De Pouttalb, 1878) 1 

*Phyllangia americana americana M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 1 

*P. americana mouchezii (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897) 2 

*Phyllangia consagensis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) 5 

*Phyllangia dispersa Verrill, 1864 5 

*Phyllangia echinosepes Ogawa, Takahashi & Sakai, 1997 4 

*Phyllangia granulata Koch, 1886 2 

*Phyllangia hayamaensis (Eguchi, 1968) 4 

*Phyllangia mouchezii (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897) 2 

'Phyllangia papuensis Studer, 1878 3 4 

Physogyra exerta Nemenzo & Ferraris, 1982 3 4 

Physogyra lichtensteini (M. Edwards & Haime, 185 1) 3 4 

Plerogyra eyrysepta Nemenzo, 1960 4 

Plerogyra simplex Rehberg, 1892 3 4 

Plerogyra sinuosa (Dana, 1846) 3 4 

Plerogyra turbida (Hodgson & Ross, 1981) 4 

*Polycyathus andamanicus Alcock, 1893 3 

*Polycyathus atlanticus Duncan, 1876 2 

*Polycyathus difficilis Duncan, 1876 3 

*Polycyathus fulvus Wijsman-Best, 1970 4 

*Polycyathus furanaensis Verheij & Best, 1987 3 4 

*Polycyathus fuscomarginatus (Klunzinger, 1879) 3 

*Polycyathus hodgsoni Verheij & Best, 1987 3 4 

*Polycyatbus hondaensis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) 5 

*Polycyathus isabela Wells, 1982 5 

*Polycyathus marigondoni Verheij & Best, 1987 4 

*Polycyathus mnellerae (Abel, 1959) 2 

*Polycyathus norfolkensis Cairns, 1995 4 

*Polycyathus octuplns Cairns, 1999 4 

*Polycyathus palifera (Verrill, 1869) 3 

*Polycyathus persicus (Duncan, 1876) 3 

*Polycyathus senegalensis Chevalier, 1966 1 2 

*Polycyathus verrilli Duncan, 1889 3

*Pourtalosmilia anthopliyllites (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

*Pourtalosmilia conferta Cairns, 1978 

*Premocyathus cornufomis (De Pourtaks, 1868) 

*Premocyathus dentiformis (Alcock, 1902) 

*Rhizosmilia gerdae Cairns, 1978 

*Rhizosmilia data Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Rhizosmilia maculata (De Pourtales, 1874) 

*Rhizosmilia multipaliferus Cairns, 1998 

*Rhizosmilia robusta Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 

*Rhizosmilia sagamiensis (Eguchi, 1968) 

*Solenosmilia variabilis Duncan, 1873 

*Stephanocyathus campaniformis (Marenzeller, 1904) 

*Stephanocyathus coronatus (De Pourtalb, 1867) 

*Stephanocyathus crassus (Jourdan, 1895) 

*Stephanocyatlius diadema (Moseley, 1876) 

*Stephanocyathus explanans (Marenzeller, 1904) 

*Steplianocyathus laevifundus Cairns, 1977 

*Stephanocyathus moseleyanus (Sclater, 1886) 

*Stephanocyathus nobilis (Moseley, 1873) 

*Stephanocyathus paliferus Cairns, 1977 

*Stephanocyathus platypus (Moseley, 1876) 

*Stephanocyathus regius Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Stephanocyathus spiniger (Marenzeller, 1888) 

*Stephanocyathus weberianus Alcock, 1902 

*Sympodangia albatrossi Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Tethocyathus cylindraceus (De Pourtales, 1868) 

*Tetliocyathus minor (Gardiner, 1899) 

*Tethocyathus recurvatus (De Pourtales, 1878) 

*Tethocyathus variabilis Cairns, 1979 

'Tethocyathus virgatus (Alcock, 1902) 

*Thalamophyllia gasti (Doderlein, 1913) 

*Thalamophyllia gombcrgi Cairns, 1979 

*Thalamophyllia riisei (Duchassaing & Miclielotti, 1864) 

*Thalamophyllia tenuescens (Gardiner, 1899) 

*Trochocyathus aithoseptatus Cail-ns, 1984 

*Trochocyathus apertus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Trochocyatlius brevispina Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Trocliocyathus burchae (Cairns, 1984) 

*Trochocyathus caryophylloides Alcock, 1902 

*Trochocyathus cepulla Cairns, 1995 

*Trochocyathus cinticulatus (Alcock, 1898) 

*Trochocyathus cooperi (Gardiner, 1905) 

*Trochocyatlius decamera Cairns, 1994 

*Trochocyatlius discus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Trochocyathus efateensis Cairns, 1999 

*Trochocyatlius faciatus Cairns, 1979 

*Trochocyathus fossulus Cairns, 1979 

*Trochocyathus gardineri (Vaughan, 1907) 

*Trochocyathus gordoni Cairns, 1995 

*Trochocyathus liastatus Bourne, 1903 

*Trochocyathus japonicus Eguchi, 1968

*Trochocyathus longispina Caims & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Trochocyathus maculatus Cairns, 1995 

*Trochocyathus mauiensis Vaughan, 1907 

*Trochocyathus mediterraneus Zibrowius, 1980 

*Trochocyathus oahensis Vaughan, 1907 

*Trochocyathus patelliformis Cairns, 1999 

*Trochocyathus philippinensis Semper, 1872 

*Trochocyathus poiphyreus (Alcock, 1893) 

*Trochocyathus rawsouii De Pourtales, 1874 

*Trochocyathus rhombocolumna Alcock, 1902 

*Trochocyathus semperi Cairns & Zibmwius, 1997 

*Trochocyathus spinosocostatus Zibrowius, 1980 

*Trochocyathus vasiformis Bourne, 1903 

*Vaughanella concinna Gravier, 191 5 

*Vaughanella margaritata (Jourdan, 1895) 

*Vaughanella multipalifera Cairns, 1995 

*Vaughanella oreophila Keller, 1981 

Dendrophylliidae 

*Astroides calycularis (Pallas, 1766) 

*Balanophyllia bairdiana M. Edwards & Haiine, 1848 

*Balanophyllia bayeri Cairns, 1979 1 

*Balanophyllia bonaespei van der Horst, 1938 

*Balanophyllia buccina Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*Balanophyllia capensis Verrill, 1865 

*Balanophyllia caribbeana Cairns, 1977 1 

*Balanophyllia carinata (Semper, 1872) 

*Balanophyllia cedrosensis Durham, 1947 

*Balanophyllia cellulosa Duncan, 1873 

'Balanophyllia chnous Squires, 1962 

*Balanophyllia comiculans Alcock, 1902 

*Balanophyllia cornu Moseley, I881 

*Balanophyllia crassiseptuin Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Balanophyllia crassitheca Cairns, 1995 

*Balanophyllia cumingii M. Edwards & Hahe, 1848 

*Balanophyllia cyathoides (De Pourtaks, 1871) I 

*Balanophyllia dentata Tenison-Woods, 1879 

*Balanophyllia desmophyllioides Vaughan, 1907 

*Balanophyllia diademata van der Horst, 1927 

*Balanophyllia diffusa Harrison & Poole, 1909 

*Balanophyllia dineta Cairns, 1977 1 

*Balanophyllia diomedeae Vaughan, 1907 

*Balanophyllia dubia (Semper, 1872) 

*Balanophyllia elegans Verrill, 1864 

*Balanophyllia elliptica (Tenison-Woods, 1878) 

*Balanophyllia elongata (Moseley, 1881) 

* Balanophyllia europaea (Risso, 1826) 

*Balanophyllia floridana De Pouitales, 1868 

*Balanophyllia galapagensis Vaughan, 1907 

*Balanophyllia gemma (Moseley, 1881) 

*Balanophyllia gemmifera Klunzinger, 1879

*Balanophyllia generatrix Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 3 4 

*Balanophyllia gigas Moseley, 1881 3 4 

*Balanophyllia hadros Cairns, 1979 

*Balanophyllia imperialis Kent, 1871 3 4 

*Balanophyllia iwayamaensis Abe, 1938 4 

*Balanophyllia laysanensis Vaughan, 1907 4 

*Balanophyllia malouiensis Squires, 1961 

*Balanophyllia palifera De Pourtales, 1878 

*Balanophyllia parallels (Semper, 1872) 4 

*Balanophyllia parvula Moseley, 1881 4 

*Balanophyllia pittieri Vaughan, 1919 

*Balanophyllia ponderosa van der Horst, 1926 3 4 

*Balanophyllia profundicella Gardiner, 1899 4 

*Balanophyllia rediviva Moseley, I88 l 4 

*Balanophyllia regalis Alcock, 1893 3 

*Balanophyllia regia Gosse, 1860 2 

*Balanophyllia scabra Alcock, 1893 3 

*Balanophyllia serrata Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 4 

*Balanophyllia stimpsonii Verrill, 1865 3 4 

*Balanophyllia tenuis van der Horst, 1922 4 

*Balanophyllia teres Cairns, 1994 4 

*Balanophyllia thalassae Zibrowius, 1980 2 

*Balanophyllia troprobanae Bourne, 1905 3 

*Balanophyllia wellsi Cairns, 1977 1 

*Balanophyllia yongei Crossland, 1952 4 

*Bathypsammia falloscoialis Squires, 1959 I 

*Bathypsammia tintinnabulum (De Pourtales, 1868) 1 

*Cladopsammia echinata Cairns, 1984 4 

*Cladopsammia eguchii (Wells, 1982) 4 5 

*Cladopsammia gracilis (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 4 5 

*Cladopsammia manuelensis (Chevalier, 1966) 1 2 

*Cladopsammia rolandi Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897 2 

*Cladopsammia willeyi (Gardiner, 1900) 4 

*Dendmphyllia aculeata Latypov, 1990 4 

*Dendrophyllia alcocki (Wells, 1954) 3 4 

*Dendrophyllia alternata De Pourtalk, I880 I 2 

*Dendrophyllia arbuscula van der Horst, 1922 3 4 

*Dendrophyllia boschmai boschmai van der Horst, 1926 3 4 

*D. boschmai cyathelioides Yabe & Eguchi, 1965 4 

*Dendrophyllia californica Durham, 1947 5 

*Dendrophyllia cladonia van der Horst, 1927 3 

*Dendrophyllia cornigera (Lamarck, 181 6) 2 

*Dendrophyllia cribrosa M. Edwards & Haime, 185 1 ? 4 

*Dendrophyllia dilatata van der Horst, 1927 3 

*Dendrophyllia florulenta Alcock, 1902 4 

*Dendrophyllia ijimai Yabe & Eguchi, 1934 3 4 

*Dendrophyllia incisa (Crossland, 1952) 4 

*Dendrophyllia indica Pillai, 1967 3 

*Dendrophyllia johnsoni Cairns, 1991 

*Dendrophyllia laboreli Zibrowius & Brito, 1984 2 

*Dendrophyllia minuscula Bourne, 1905 3

Montastraea valenciennesi (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

Moseleya latistellata Quelch, 1884 

Oulastrea crispata (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Oulophyllia bennettae (Veron, Pichon & Best, 1977) 

Oulophyllia crispa (Lamarck, 1816) 

Parasimplastrea simplicitexta (Umbgrove, 1939) 

Platygyra contorta Veron, 1990 

Platygyra crosslandi (Matthai, 1928) 

Platygyra daedalea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Platygyra lamellina (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Platygyra pini Chevalier, 1975 

Platygyra ryukyuensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935 

Platygyra sinensis (M. Edwards & Haime, 1849) 

Platygyra verweyi Wijsman-Best, 1976 

Platygyra yaeyamaensis (Eguchi & Shirai, 1977) 

Plesiastrea versipora (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Solenastrea bournoni M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

Solenastrea hyades (Dana, 1846) 

Flabellidae 

*Blastotrochus nutrix M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*Falcatoflahellum rauolensis Cairns, 1995 

*Flabellurn alabastrum Moseley, 1876 

*Flabellurn angulare Moseley, 1876 

*Flabellurn angustum Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

*Flabellurn aotearoa Squires, 1964 

*Flabellurn apertum apertum Moseley, 1876 

*F. apertum borealis Cairns, 1994 

*Flabellurn arcuatile Cairns, 1999 

*Flabellurn areum Cairns, 1982 

*Flabellurn atlanticum Cairns, 1979 

*Flabellurn australe Moseley, 1881 

*Flabellurn campanulatum Holdsworth, 1862 

*Flabellurn chunii Marenzeller, 1904 

*Flabellurn conuis Moseley, 1881 

*Flabellurn curvatum Moseley, 1881 

*Flabellurn daphnense Durham & Barnard, 1952 

*Flabellurn deludens Marenzeller, 1904 

*Flabellurn flexuosum Cairns, 1982 

*Flabellurn floridanum Cairns, 1991 

*Flabellurn folkesoni Cairns, 1998 

*Flabellurn galapagense M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*Flabellurn gardineri Cairns, 1982 

*Flabellurn hoffmeisteri Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*Flabellurn impensum Squires, 1962 

*Flabellurn japonicum Moseley, 1881 

*Flabellurn knoxi Ralph & Squires, 1962 

*Flabellurn lamellulosum Alcock, 1902 

*Flabellurn lowekeyesi Squires & Ralph, 1965 

*Flabellurn macandrewi Gray, 1849 

*Flabellurn magnificum Marenzeller, 1904

*Flabellurn marcus Keller, 1974 

*Flabellurn n~arenzelleri Cairns, 1989 

*Flabellum rnessurn Alcock, 1902 

*Flabellurn moseleyi De Pourtalks, 1880 

*Flabellurn ongulense Eguchi, 1965 

'Flabellurn patens Moseley, 1881 

*Flabellurn pavoninum Lesson, 183 1 

*Flabellurn politum Cairns, 1989 

*Flabellum sexcostatum Cairns, 1989 

*Flabellurn sibogae Gardiner, 1904 

*Flabellurn thouarsii M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*Flabellurn transversale transversale Moseley, 1881 

*F. transversale conicum Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

*F. transversale triangulare Eguchi, 1965 

*Flabellurn tuthilli Moffmeister, 1933 

*Flabellurn vaughani Cairns, 1984 

*Javania antarctica (Gravier, 1914) 

*Javania borealis Cairns, 1994 

*Javania cailleti (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 

*Javania californica Cairns, 1994 

*Javania exserta Cairns, 1999 

*Javania fusca (Vaughan, 1907) 

*Javania insignis Duncan, 1876 

*Javania lamprotichum Moseley, 1880 

*Javania pseudoalabastra Zibrowius, 1974 

*Monomyces pygmaea (Risso, 1826) 

*Monomyces rubrum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) 

*Placotrochides frustum Cairns, 1979 

*Placotrochides scaphula Alcock, 1902 

*Placotrochus laevis M. Edwards & Haime, 1846 

*Placotrochus pedicellatus Tenison-Woods, 1879 

*Polymyces fragilis (De Pourtal&s, 1868) 

*Polymyces montereyensis (Durham, 1947) 

*Polymyces wellsi Cairns, 1991 

*Rhizotrochus flabelliformis Cairns, 1989 

*Rhizotrochus levidensis Gardiner, 1899 

*Rhizotrochus niinoi Yabe & Eguchi, 1942 

*Rhizotrochus tuberculatus (Tenison-Woods. 1879) 

*Rhizotrochus typus M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*Truncatoflabellum aculeatum (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Truncatoflabellum angiostomum (Folkeson, 1919) 

*Truncatoflabellum angustum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Truncatoflabellum arcuatum Cairns, 1995 

*Truncatoflabellum australiensis Cairns, 1998 

*Truncatoflabellum candeanum (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Truncatoflabellurn carinatum Cairns, 1989 

*Truncatoflabellum crassum (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Truncatoflabellum cumingii (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

*Truncatoflabellum dens (Alcock, 1902) 

*Truncatoflabellum formosum Cairns, 1989 

*Truncatoflabellum gardineri Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993

*Temnotrochus kermadecensis Cairns, 1995 

*T~ncatoguynia irregularis Cairns, 1989 

Meandrinidae 

Ctenella chagius Matthai, 1928 

Dendrogyra cylindricus Ehrenberg, 1834 

Dichocoenia stellaris M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

Dichocoenia stokesi M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

Meandrina meandrites (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Merulinidae 

Boninastrea boninensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935 

Hydnophora bonsai Veron, 1990 

1-Iydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766) 

Hydnophora grandis Gardiner, 1906 

Hydnophora microconos (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Hydnophora pilosa Veron, 1985 

Hydnophora rigida (Dana, 1846) 

Merulina ampliata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Merulina scabricula Dana, 1846 

Merulina scheeri Head, 1983 

Paraclavarina triangularis (Veron, Pichon & Best, 1977) 

Scapophyllia cylindrica (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

Micrabaciidae 

*Leptopenus antarcticus Cairns, 1989 

*Leptopenus discus Moseley, 1881 

*Leptopenus hypocoelus Moseley, 1881 

*Leptopenus solidus Keller, 1977 

'Letepsammia formosissima (Moseley, 1876) 

*Letepsammia fissilis Cairns, 1995 

*Letepsammia franki Owens, 1994 

*Letepsammia superstes (Ortmann, 1888) 

*Rhombopsammia niphada Owens, 1986 

*Rhombopsammia squiresi Owens, 1986 

*Stephanophyllia complicata Moseley, 1876 

*Stephanophyllia fungulus Alcock, 1902 

*Stephanophyllia neglecta Boschma, 1923 

Mussidae 

Acanthastrea amakusensis Veron, 1990 

Acanthastrea bowerbanki M. Edwards & Haime, 1857 

Acanthastrea hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846) 

Acanthastrea hillae Wells, 1955 

Acanthastrea ishigakiensis Veron, 1990 

Acanthastrea lordhowensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Acanthastrea maxima Sheppard & Salm, 1988 

Acanthastrea minuta Moll & Best, 1984 

Acanthastrea rotundaflora Chevalier, 1975

Acanthophyllia deshayensiana (Michelin, 1850) 

Australomussa rowleyensis Veron, 1985 

Blastomussa merleti (Wells, 1961) 

Blastomussa wellsi Wijsman-Best, 1973 

Cynarina lacrymalis (M. Edwards & Haime, 1848) 

lndophyllia macassarensis Best & Hoeksema, 1987 

lsophyllastrea rigida (Dana, 1846) 

Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Lobophyllia corymbosa (ForskAl, 1775) 

Lobophyllia costata (Dana, 1846) 

Lobophyllia diminuta Veron, 1985 

Lobophyllia hataii Yabe, Sugiyama & Eguchi, 1936 

Lobophyllia hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Lobophyllia pachysepta Chevalier, 1975 

Lobophyllia robusta Yabe, Sugiyama & Eguchi, 193 

Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766) 

Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868) 

Mussismilia harttii (Verrill, 1868) 

Mussismilia hispida (Verrill, 1901) 

Mycetophyllia aliciae Wells, 1973 

Mycetophyllia daniana M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Mycetophyllia ferox Wells, 1973 

Mycetophyllia lamarckiana M.Edwards &Haime, 1848 

Mycetophyllia reesi Wells, 1973 

Scolymia australis (M. Edwards & Haime, 1849) 

Scolymia cubensis M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766) 

Scolymia vitiensis Brueggemann, 1877 

Scolymia wellsii Laborel, 1967 

Symphyllia agaricia M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Symphyllia erythraea (Klunzinger, 1879) 

Symphyllia hassi Pillai & Scheer, 1976 

Symphyllia radians M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Symphyllia recta (Dana, 1846) 

Symphyllia valenciennesii M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Symphyllia wilsoni Veron, 1985 

Ocufinidae 

Acrhelia horrescens (Dana, 1846) 

*Archohelia rediviva Wells & Alderslade, 1979 

*Bathelia candida Moseley, 1881 

*Cyathelia axillaris (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Galaxea aka Nemenzo, 1980 

Galaxea astreata (Lamarck, 181 6) 

Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) 

Galaxea paucisepta Claereboudt, 1990 

*Madrepora arbuscula (Moseley, 1881) 

*Madrepora carolina (De Pourtalb, 1871) 

*Madrepora kauaiensis Vaughan, 1907 

*Madrepora minutiseptum Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758

*Madrepora porcellana Moseley, 1881 

Oculina arbuscula L. Agassiz, 1864 

+Oculina diffusa Lamarck, 1816 

Oculina patagonica De Angelis, 1908 

*Oculina profunda Caims, 1991 

Oculina robusta De Pourtaks, 1871 

+Oculina tenella De Pourtales, 1871 

Oculina valenciennesi M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

+Oculina varicosa Lesueur, 1821 

*Oculina virgosa Squires, 1958 

Schizoculina fissipara (M. Edwards & Haime, 1850) 

*Sclerhelia hirtella (Pallas, 1766) 

Simplastrea vesicularis Umbgrove, 1940 

Pectiniidae 

Echinophyllia aspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Echinophyllia echinata (Saville-Kent, 1871) 

Echinophyllia echinoporoides Veron & Pichon, 1979 

Echinophyllia maxima Moll & Best, 1984 

Echinophyllia nishihirai Veron, 1990 

Echinophyllia orpheeusis Veron & Pichon, 1979 

Echinophyllia patula (Hodgson & Ross, 1981) 

Echinophyllia tosaeusis Yabe & Eguchi, 1935 

Mycedium elephantotus (Pallas, 1766) 

Mycedium robokaki Moll & Best, 1984 

Oxypora crassispinosa Nemenzo, 1980 

Oxypora glabra Nemenzo, 1959 

Oxypora lacera (Verrill, 1864) 

Pectinia alcicomis (Saville-Kent, 1871) 

Pectinia elongata Rehberg, 1892 

Pectinia lactuca (Pallas, 1766) 

Pectinia paeonia (Dana, 1846) 

Pectinia teres Nemenzo, 1981 

Physophyllia ayleni (Wells, 1934) 

Pocilloporidae 

*Madrack asanoi Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936 

+Madrack asperula M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

*Madrack brueggemanni (Ridley, 188 1) 

Madracis decactis (Lyman, 1859) 

Madracis fomosa Wells, 1973 

*Madrack hellana M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

*Madrack interjects Marenzeller, 1907 

*Madrack kauaiensis Vaughan, 1907 

Madracis kirbyi Veron & Pichon, 1976 

Madracis mirabilis sensu Wells, 1973 

*Madrack myriaster (M. Edwards & Haime, 1849) 

+Madrack pharensis (Heller, 1868) 

'Madrack profunda Zibrowius, 1980 

Madracis senaria Wells, 1974 

*Madrack singularis Rehberg, 1892

Palauastrea ramosa Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 

Pocillopora capitata Verrill, 1864 

Pocillopora damicomis (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Pocillopora elegans Dana, 1846 

Pocillopora eydouxi M. Edwards & Haime, 1860 

Pocillopora meandrina Dana, 1846 

Pocillopora vesrucosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Pocillopora woodjonesi Vaughao, 1918 

Seriatopora caliendrum Ehrenberg, 1834 

Seriatopora hystrix Dana, 1846 

Stylophora kuehlmanni Scheer & Pillai, 1983 

Stylophora mamillata Scheer & Pillai, 1983 

Stylophora mordax (Dana, 1846) 

Stylophora pistillata (Esper, 1797) 

Stylophora wellsi Scheer, 1964 

Poritidae 

Alveopora allingi Hoffmeister, 1925 

Alveopora catalai Wells, 1968 

Alveopora excelsa Vesrill, 1864 

Alveopora fenestrata (Lamarck, 18 16) 

Alveopora gigas Veron, 1985 

Alveopora japonica Eguchi, 1968 

Alveopora marionensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Alveopora ocellata Wells, 1954 

Alveopora spongiosa Dana, 1846 

Alveopora tizardi Bassett-Smith, 1890 

Alveopora vesrilliana Dana, 1872 

Alveopora viridis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) 

Goniopora burgosi Nemenzo, 1955 

Goniopora cellulosa Veron, 1990 

Goniopora columna Dana, 1846 

Goniopora djiboutiensis Vaughan, 1907 

Goniopora eclipsensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Goniopora fruticosa Saville-Kent, 1891 

Goniopora lobata M. Edwards & Haime, 1860 

Goniopora minor Crossland, 1952 

Goniopora norfolkensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Goniopora palmensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Goniopora pandoraensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 

Goniopora pendulus Veron, 1985 

Goniopora planulata (Ehrenberg, 1834) 

Goniopora polyformis Zou, 1980 

Goniopora savignyi Dana, 1846 

Goniopora somaliensis Vaughan, 1907 

Goniopora stokesi M. Edwards & Haime, 1851 

Goniopora stutchburyi Wells, 1955 

Goniopora tenella (Quelch, 1886) 

Goniopora tenuidens Quelch, 1886 

Porites annae Crossland, 1952 

Porites aranetai Nemenzo, 1955

Porites astreoides Lamarck, 18 16 

Porites attenuata Nemenzo, 1955 

Porites australiensi5 Vaughan, 1918 

Porites baueri Squires, 1959 

Porites branneri Rathbun, 1888 

Porites colonensis Zlatarski, 1990 

Porites compressa Dana, 1846 

Porites cumulatus Nemenzo, 1955 

Porites cylindrica Dana, 1846 

Porites deformis Nemenzo, 1955 

Porites densa Vaughan, 191 8 

Porites echinulata Klunzinger, 1879 

Porites eridani Umbgrove, 1940 

Porites evermanni Vaughau, 1907 

Porites furcata Lamarck, 18 16 

Porites gabonensis Gravier, 191 1 

Porites heronensis Veron, 1985 

Porites horizontalata Hoffmeister, 1925 

Porites iwayamaensis Eguchi, 1938 

Porites latistella Quelch, 1884 

Porites lichen Dana, 1846 

Porites lobata Dana, 1846 

Porites lutea M. Edwards & Haime, 1860 

Porites mayeri Vaughan, 1918 

Porites myrmidonensis Veron, 1985 

Porites negrosensis Veron, 1990 

Porites nigrescens Dana, 1846 

Porites nodifera Klunzinger, 1879 

Porites okinawensis Veron, 1990 

Porites panamensis Verrill, 1866 

Porites porites (Pallas, 1766) 

Porites rus (ForskBI, 1775) 

Porites sillimaniani Nemenzo, 1976 

Porites solida (Forskal, 1775) 

Porites somaliensis Gravier, 1910 

Porites stephensoni Crossland, 1952 

Porites sverdmpi Durham, 1947 

Porites undulata (Klunzinger, 1879) 

Porites vaughani Crossland, 1952 

Stylaraea punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Rhizangiidae 

*Astrangia atrata (Dennant, 1906) 

*Astrangia browni Palmer, 1928 

*Astrangia californica Durham & Barnard, 1952 

*Astrangia conferta Verrill, 1870 

*Astrangia costata Verrill, 1866 

*Astrangia dentata Verrill, 1866 

*Astrangia eqnatorialis Durham & Barnard, 1952 

'Astrangia haimei Verrill, 1866 

*Astrangia howardi Durham & Barnard, 1952

'Astrangia macrodentata Theil, 1940 

*Astrangia mercatoris Theil, 1941 

+Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

*Astrangia rathbuni Vaughan, 1906 

*Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur, 1817) 

*Astrangia woodsi Wells, 1955 

*Cladangia exusta Liitken, 1873 

*Cladangia gemmans Chevalier, 1966 

*Culicia australiensis Hoffmeister, 1933 

*Culicia cuticulata Klunzinger, 1879 

'Culicia excavata M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

*Culicia fragilis Chevalier, 1971 

*Culicia hoffmeisteri Squires, 1966 

*Culicia quinaria Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*Culicia rubeola (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) 

*Culicia smithii (M. Edwards & Haime, 1849) 

*Culicia stellata Dana, 1848 

*Culicia subaustraliensis OgawqTakahashi & Sakai, 1997 

*Culicia tenella tenella Dana, 1848 

*C, tenella natalensis (Duncan, 1876) 

*Culicia tenuisepes Ogawa, Takahashi & Sakai, 1997 

*Culicia verreauxi M. Edwards & Haime, I850 

*Oulangia bradleyi Verrill, 1866 

*Oulangia cyathiformis Chevalier, 1971 

*Oulangia stokesiana stokesiana M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*O. stokesiana miltoni Yabe & Eguchi, 1932 

Siderastreidae 

Anomastrea irregularis Marenzeller, 1901 

Coscinaraea columna (Dana, 1846) 

Coscinaraea crassa Veron & Pichon, 1980 

Coscinaraea exaesa (Dana, 1846) 

Coscinaraea fossata (Dana, 1846) 

Coscinaraea hazimanensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936 

Coscinaraea marshae Wells, 1962 

Coscinaraea mcneilli Wells, 1962 

Coscinaraea monile (Forskil, 1775) 

Coscinaraea wellsi Veron & Pichon, 1980 

Horastrea indica Pichon, 1971 

Psammocora brighami Vaughan, 1907 

Psammocora contigua (Esper, 1797) 

Psammocora digitata M. Edwards & Haime, 1851 

Psammocora explanulata Van der Horst, 1922 

Psammocora haimeana M. Edwards & Haime, 1851 

Psammocora nierstraszi Van der Horst, 1921 

Psammocora obtusangula (Lamarck, 1816 ) 

Psammocora profundacella Gardiner, 1898 

Psammocora stellata Verrill, 1866 

Psammocora superficialis Gardiner, 1898 

Psammocora vaughani Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936 

Pseudosiderastrea tayamai Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935

Siderastrea glynni Budd & Guman, 1994 

Siderastrea radians (Pallas, 1766) 

Siderastrea savignyana M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

Siderastrea siderea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 

Trachyphylliidae 

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Audouin,1826) 

Turbinoliidae 

*Alatotrochus rubescens (Moseley, 1876) 

*Australocyathus vincentinus (Dennant, 1904) 

*Conocyathus gracilis Cairns, 1998 

*Conocyathus zelandiae Duncan, 1876 

*Cryptotrochus brevipalus Cairns, 1999 

'Cryptotrochus carolinensis Cairns, 1988 

*Cryptotrochus javanus Cairns, 1988 

*Cyathotrochus herdmani Bourne, 1905 

*Cyathotrochus nascornatus Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 

*Cyathotrochus pileus (Alcock, 1902) 

*Deltocyathoides orientalis (Duncan, 1876) 

*Deltocyathoides stimpsonii (De Pourtales, 1871) 

*Dunocyathus parasiticus Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*Endocyathopora laticostata Cairns, 1989 

*Foveolocyathus alternans (Cairns & Parker, 1992) 

*Foveolocyathus verconis Dennant, 1904 

*Holcotrochus crenulatus Dennant, 1904 

*Holcotrochus scriptus Dennant, 1902 

*Idiotrochus emarciatus Duncan, 1865 

*Idiotrochus kikutii (Yabe & Eguchi, 1941) 

*Kionotrochus suteri Dennant, 1906 

*Notocyathus conicus (Alcock, 1902) 

*Notocyathus venustus (Alcock, 1902) 

*Peponocyathus dawsoni Cairns, 1995 

*Peponocyathus folliculus (De Pourtales, 1868) 

*Peponocyathus minimus (Yabe & Eguchi, 1937) 

*Platytrochus compressus (Tenison-Woods, 1878) 

*Platytrochus hastatus Dennant, 1902 

*Platytrochus laevigatus Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*Platytrochus parisepta Cairns & Parker, 1992 

*Pleoaochus venustus (Alcock, 1902) 

*Pleotrochus zibrowii Cairns, 1997 

*Pseudocyathoceras avis (Durham & Barnard, 1952) 

*Sphenotrochus andrewianus M. Edwards & Haime, 1848 

*Sphenotrochus aurantiacus Marenzeller, 1904 

*Sohenotrochus auritus De Pourtal&. 1874 

*Sphenotrochus evexicostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 3 

*Sphenotrochus excavatus Tenison-Woods, 1878 

*Sphenotrochus gardineri Squires, 1961 

*Sphenotrochus gilchristi Gardiner, 1904 3 

*Sphenotrochus hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952 

*Sphenotrochus imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 3

*Sphenotrochus ralphae Squires, 1964 

*Sphenotrochus squiresi Cairns, 1995 

*Thrypticotrochus multilobatus Cairns, 1989 

*Th~ypticotrochus petterdi (Dennant, 1906) 

*Trematotrochus corbicula (De Pourtalis, 1878) 1 

*Trematotrochus hedleyi Dennant, 1906 

*Tropidocyathus labidus Cairns & Zibrowius, 1997 

*Tropidocyathus lessoni (Michelin, 1842) 

*Turbinolia stephensoni (Wells, 1959) 

Incertae sedis 

'Cylicia inflata De Pourtalb, 1878 

Class Hydrozoa 

Order Capitata 

Milleporidae 

Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, I758 

Millepora boschmai De Weerdt & Glynn, 1991 

Millepora braziliensis Verrill, 1868 

Millepora complanata Lamarck, 1816 

Millepora dichotoma (ForskAl, 1775) 

Millepora exaesa (Forskal, 1775) 

Millepora foveolata Crossland, 1952 

Millepora intricata Edwards, 1857 

Millepora latifolia Boschma, 1948 

Millepora murrayi Quelch, 1884 

Millepora nitida Verrill, 1868 1 

Millepora platyphylla Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1834 

Millepora squarrosa Lamarck, 18 16 1 

Millepora striata Duchassaing & Michelotti, I864 I 

Millepora tenera Boschma, 1949 

Millepora tuberosa Boschma, 1966 

Millepora xishaensis Zou, 1978 

*Hydractiniidre 

Hydrocorella africana Stechow, 1921 

Janaria mirablis Stechow, 1921 

Polyhydra calcarea (Carter, 1877) 

"Stylasteridae 

Adelopora crassilabrum Cairns, 1991 

Adelopora fragilis Cairns, 1991 

Adelopora moseleyi Cairns, 199 1 

Adelopora pseudothyron Cairns, 1982 

Astya aspidopora Cairns, 1991 

Astya subviridis (Moseley, 1879) 

Order Filifera 

2

Calyptopora reticulata Boschma, 1968 

Calyptopora sinuosa Cairns, 1991 

Cheiloporidion pulvinatum Cairns, 1983 

Conopora adeta Cairns, 1987 

Conopora anthohelia Cairns, 1991 

Conopora candelabrum Cairns, 199 1 

Conopora dura Hickson & England, 1909 

Conopora gigantea Cairns, 1991 

Conopora laevis (Studer, 1878) 

Conopora tetrastichopora Cairns, 1991 

Conopora unifacialis Cairns, 1991 

Conopora vemcosa (Studer, 1878) 

Crypthelia affinis Moseley, 1879 

Crypthelia balia Hickson & England, 1905 

Crypthelia clausa Broch, 1947 

Crypthelia cryptotrema Zibrowius, 1981 

Crypthelia curvata Cairns, 1991 

Crypthelia cymas Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia dactylopoma Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia eueides Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia floridana Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia formosa Cairns, 1983 

Crypthelia fragilis Cairns, 1983 

Crypthelia gigantea Fisher, 1938 

Crypthelia glebulenta Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia glossopoma Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia insolita Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia japonica (M. Edwards & Haime, 1849) 

Crypthelia lacunosa Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia medioatlantica Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 

Crypthelia micropoma Cairns, 1985 

Crypthelia papillosa Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia peircei De Pourtalds, 1867 

Crypthelia platypoma Hickson & England, 1905 

Crypthelia polypoma Cairns, 1991 

Crypthelia pudica M. Edwards & Haime, 1849 

Crypthelia ramosa Hickson & England, 1905 

Crypthelia robusta Cairns, 1991 

Crypthelia stenopoma Hickson & England, 1905 

Crypthelia studeri Cairns, 1991 

Crypthelia tenuiseptata Cairns, 1986 

Crypthelia trophostega Fisher, 1938 

Crypthelia vascomarquesi Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 

Cyclohelia lamellata Cairns, 1991 

Distichopora anceps Cairns, 1978 

Distichopora anomala Cairns, 1986 

Distichopora barbadensis De Pourtalks, 1874 

Distichopora borealis borealis Fisher, 1938 

D. borealis japonica Broch, 1942 

Distichopora cervina De Pourtalc%, 187 1 

Distichopora coccinea Gray, 1860

Distichopora contorta De Pourtales, 1878 

Distichopora dispar Cairns, 199 1 

Distichopora foliacea De Pourtales, 1868 

Distichopora gracilis Dana, 1848 

Distichopora irregularis Moseley, 1879 

Distichopora laevigranulosa Cairns, 1986 

Distichopora livida Tenison-Woods, 1879 

Distichopora nitida Verrill, 1864 

Distichopora profunda Hickson & England, 1909 

Distichopora providentiae Hickson & England, 1909) 

Distichopora rosalindae Cairns, 1986 

Distichopora serpens Broch, 1942 

Distichopora sulcata De Pourtales, 1867 

Distichopora uniserialis Cairns, 1986 

Distichopora vervoorti Cairns & Hoeksema, 1999 

Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766) 

Distichopora yucatanensis Cairns, 1986 

Errina altispina Cairns, 1986 

Errina antarctica (Gray, 1872) 

Errina aspera (Linnaeus, 1767) 

Errina atlantica Hickson, 1912 

Errina bicolor Cairns, 1991 

Errina boschmai Cairns, 1983 

Errina capensis Hickson, 1912 

Errina chathamensis Cairns, 1991 

Errina cheilopora Cairns, 1983 

Errina cochleata Pourtalb, 1867 

Errina cooki Hickson, 1912 

Errina cyclopora Cairns, 1983 

Errina dabneyi (De Pourtales, 187 1) 

Errina dendyi Hickson, 1912 

Errina fissurata Gray, 1872 

Errina gracilis Marenzeller, 1903 

Errina hicksoni Cairns, 1991 

Errina japonica Eguchi, 1968 

Errina kerguelensis Cairns, 1983 

Errina laevigata Cairns, 1991 

Errina laterorifa Eguchi, 1964 

Errina macrogastra Marenzeller, 1904 

Errina novaezelandiae Hickson, 1912 

Errina porifera Naumov, 1960 

Errina reticulata Cairns, 1991 

Errina sinuosa Cairns, 1991 

Errinopora cestoporina Cairns, 1983 

Errinopora latifundata Naumov, 1960 

Errinopora nanneca Fisher, 1938 

Errinopora pourtalesi (Dall, 1884) 

Errinopora stylifera (Broch, 1935) 

Errinopora zarhyncha Fisher, 1938 

Errinopsis fenestrata Cairns, 1983 

Errinopsis reticulum Broch, 1951

Gyropora africana Boschma, 1960 

Inferiolabiata labiata (Moseley, 1879) 

Inferiolabiata lowei (Cairns, 1983) 

Inferiolabiata spinosa Cairns, 1991 

Lepidopora acrolophos Cairns, 1983 

Lepidopora biserialis Cairns, 1986 

Lepidopora carinata (De Pourtalb, 1867) 

Lepidopora clavigera Cairns, 1986 

Lepidopora concatenata Cairns, 199 1 

Lepidopora clyptocymas Cairns, 1985 

Lepidopora decipiens Boschma, 1964 

Lepidopora dendrostylus Cairns, 1991 

Lepidopora diffusa Boschma, 1963 

Lepidopora eburnea (Calvet, 1903) 

Lepidopora glabra (De PourtalBs, 1867) 

Lepidopora granulosa Cairns, 1983 

Lepidopora microstylus Cairns, 1991 

Lepidopora polystichopora Cairns, 1985 

Lepidopora sarmentosa (Boschma, 1968) 

Lepidopora symmetrica Cairns, 1991 

Lepidotheca altispina Cairns, 1991 

Lepidotheca brochi Cairns, 1986 

Lepidotheca cervicornis (Broch, 1942) 

Lepidotheca chauliostylus Cairns, 1991 

Lepidotheca fascicularis (Cairns, 1983) 

Lepidotheca horrida (Hickson & England, 1905) 

Lepidotheca inconsuta Cairns, 1991 

Lepidotheca macropora Cairns, 1986 

Lepidotheca pourtalesi Cairns, 1986 

Lepidotheca ramosa (Hickson & England, 1905) 

Lepidotheca robusta Cairns, 1991 

Lepidotheca tenuistylus (Broch, 1942) 

Paraerrina decipiens Broch, 1942 

Phalangopora regularis Kirkpatrick, 1897 

Pliobothrus echinatus Cairns, 1986 1 

Pliobothrus fistulosus Cairns, 1991 

Pliobothms gracilis Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 2 

Pliobothrus symmetricus De Pourtalks, 1868 I 2 

Pliobothrus tubulatus (De PourtalBs, 1867) 1 

Pseudoctypthelia pachypoma (Hickson & England, 1905) 

Sporadopora dichotoma (Moseley, 1877) 1 

Sporadopora micropora Cairns, 1991 

Sporadopora mortenseni Broch, 1942 

Stellapora echinata (Moseley, 1879) 1 

Stenohelia concinna Boschma, 1964 

Stenohelia conferta Boschma, 1968 

Stenohelia echinata Eguchi, 1968 

Stenohelia maderensis (Johnson, 1862) 2 

Stenohelia pauciseptata Cairns, 1986 1 

Stenohelia profunda Moseley, 1881 1 

Stenohelia tiliata (Hickson & England, 1905)

Stenohelia umbonata (Hickson & England, 1905) 

Stenohelia yahei (Eguchi, 1941) 

Stephanohelia praecipua Cairns, 1991 

Stylantheca papillosa (Dall, 1884) 

Stylantheca petrograpta (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylantheca porphyra Fisher, 193 1 

Stylaster alaskanus Fisher, 1938 

Stylaster amphiheloides Kent, 1871 

Stylaster antillarum Zibrowius & Cairns, 1982 

Stylaster asper Kent, 1871 

Stylaster aurantiacus Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster bellus (Dana, 1848) 

Stylaster bilobatus Hickson & England, 1905 

Stylaster bithalamus Broch, 1936 

Stylaster blatteus (Boschma, 196 1) 

Stylaster bocki Broch, 1936 

Stylaster boreopacificus Broch, 1932 

Stylaster boschmai (Eguchi, 1965) 

Stylaster brochi (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylaster brunneus Boschma, 1970 

Stylaster californicus (Verrill, 1866) 

Stylaster campylecus campylecus (Fisher, 1938) 

S. campylecus parageus (Fisher, 1938) 

S. campylecus tylotus (Fisher, 1938) 

S. campylecus trachystomus (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylaster cancellatus Fisher, 1938 

Stylaster carinatus Broch, 1936 

Stylaster cocosensis Cairns, 1991 

Stylaster complanatus De Pourtales, 1867 

Stylaster corallium Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster crassior Broch, 1936 

Stylaster densicaulis Moseley, 1879 

Stylaster dentatus Broch, 1936 

Stylaster divergens Marenzeller, 1904 

Stylaster duchassaingi De Pourtaks, 1867 

Stylaster eguchii (Boschma, 1966) 

Stylaster elassotomus Fisher, 1938 

Stylaster erubescens erubescens De Pourtalb, 1868 

S. erubescens groenlandicus Zibrowius & Cairns, 199 

S. erubescens britannicus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 

S. erubescens meteorensis Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 

Stylaster eximius Kent, 1871 

Stylaster filogranus De Ponrtalks, 1871 

Stylaster flabelliformis (Lamarck, 1816) 

Stylaster galapagensis Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster gemmascens (Esper, 1794) 

Stylaster gracilis M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

Stylaster granulosus M. Edwards & Haime, 1850 

Stylaster hattorrii (Eguchi, 1968) 

Stylaster horologium Cairns, 1991 

Stylaster ibericus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992

Stylaster imbricatus Cairns, 1991 

Stylaster incompletus (Tenison-Woods, 1883) 

Stylaster incrassitus (Eguchi, 1941) 

Stylaster inornatus Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster laevigatus Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster lonchitis Broch, 1947 

Stylaster marenzelleri Cairns, 1986 

Stylaster maroccanus Zibrowius & Cairns, 1992 

Stylaster marshae Cairns, 1988 

Stylaster microstriatus Broch, 1936 

Stylaster miniatus (De Pourtalb, 1868) 

Stylaster moseleyanus (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylaster multiplex Hickson & England, 1905 

Stylaster nobilis (Kent, 1871) 

Stylaster norvegicus (Gunnerus, 1768) 

Stylaster papuensis Zibrowius, 1981 

4 

Stylaster polymorphus Broch, 1936 

Unknown 

Stylaster polyorchis (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylaster profundus (Moseley, 1879) 

Stylaster profundiporus Broch, 1936 

Stylaster pulcher Quelch, 1884 

Stylaster purpuratus (Naumov, 1960) 

Stylaster ramosus Broch, 1947 

Stylaster robustus (Cairns, 1983) 

Stylaster rosaceus (Greeff, 1886) 2 

Stylaster roseus (Pallas, 1766) 1 

Stylaster sanguineus Valenciennes in M. Edw. & Haime,1850 

Stylaster scabiosus Broch, 1935 

Stylaster solidus Broch, 1935 

Stylaster spatula Cairns, I986 1 

Stylaster stejnegeri (Fisher, 1938) 

Stylaster stellulatus Stewart, 1878 

Stylaster subviolacea (Kent, 1871) 2 

Stylaster tenisonwoodsi Cairns, 1988 3 

Stylaster venustus (Verrill, 1870) 

Stylaster verrillii (Dall, 1884) 

Systemapora ornata Cairns, 1991 

5

Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals - science . naturalis

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