WoRMS taxon details
Palythoa tuberculosa (Esper, 1805)
220520 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:220520)
accepted
Species
Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1791 · unaccepted > nomen nudum
Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1805 · unaccepted > superseded combination
Palythoa (Corticifera) tuberculosa (Esper, 1805) · alternative representation
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1791) Esper, E.J.C. (1805 (1829)). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg:1-283., available online at http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/esper1829bd3?sid=2d5b0169727df890642a3a5e6a1c914e
page(s): 68, pl. XXIII [details]
page(s): 68, pl. XXIII [details]
Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2024). World List of Zoantharia. Palythoa tuberculosa (Esper, 1805). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=220520 on 2024-05-01
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original description
(of Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1791) Esper, E.J.C. (1805 (1829)). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg:1-283., available online at http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/esper1829bd3?sid=2d5b0169727df890642a3a5e6a1c914e
page(s): 68, pl. XXIII [details]
original description (of Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1805) Esper, E.J.C. (1788-1830). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nuremberg. 3 vols text, 2 vols pls. , available online at https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.2885
page(s): Alcy. Taf. XXIII [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Colin, P.L.; Arneson, C. (1995). Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A fieldGuide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. <em>Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA.</em> 1-296.
page(s): 124-125 [details]
additional source Boone, L. (1938). Scientific results of the world cruises of the yachts "Ara", 1928-1929, and "Alva", 1931-1932, "Alva" Mediterranean cruise, 1933, and "Alva" South American cruise, 1935, William K. Vanderbilt, Commanding. <em>Bull. Vanderbilt mar. Mus.</em> 7 : 1-372., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3534016
page(s): 12, 72-79 [details]
additional source Mariscal, R.N., 1974. Nematocysts. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 129-178.
page(s): 157 [details]
additional source Reimer, A.A., 1971. Observations on the relationships between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidea, Coelenterata) and their zooxanthellae. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 7 : 207-214.
page(s): 208, 211, 213 [details]
additional source Robertson, A.L., J. Lancaster, L.R. Belyea & A.G. Hildrew. (1997). Hydraulic habitat and the assemblage structure of stream benthic microcrustacea. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16(3):562-575.
page(s): 247-248 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Grygier, M.J. (1996). A world list of coral reef-associated Ascothoracida (Crustacea), with remarks on Lauridae Petrarcidae, and Dendrogastridae from Okinawa, Japan. <em>Galaxea.</em> 13: 15-33.
page(s): 17, 24, 26 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Studer, T. (1879). Zweite Abtheilung der Anthozoa Polyactinia, welche während der Reise A. M. S. Corvette Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. <em>Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.</em> 1878: 525–550, pls. 1-5.
page(s): 547 [details]
additional source Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Sinniger, F.; Reimer, J.D.; Pawlowski, J. (2010). The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity, 40(1), 57-70.
page(s): 65 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672.
page(s): 631 [details]
additional source Klunzinger, C. B. (1877). Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. 1: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. <em>Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung. Berlin.</em> pp. 98., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Korallenthiere_des_rothen_Meeres.html?id=MxJXkgAACAAJ
page(s): 66-67 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E.; Bowers, R. L. (1971). A review of Hawaiian zoanthids with descriptions of three new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 50(2): 161-180., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00757.x
page(s): 170-172 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Lancaster, J. E. (2003). Revision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa (Hexacorallia : Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 17(3): 407-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/is02008
page(s): 409, 410 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1888). Report on the Actiniaria dredged by HMS 'Challenger' during the years 1873-1876. Supplement. <em>Reports on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76.</em> XXVI, pt. LXXIII: 4–56. London, Edinburgh & Dublin., available online at https://archive.org/details/reportonactiniar00hert/page/16
page(s): 46 [details]
additional source Pax F. (1908). Die Aktinienfauna Westafrikas. <em>Denkschrift. medizin. naturwiss. Gesellschaft Jena.</em> 13: 463-504.
page(s): 495 [293], 497 [295] [details]
additional source Reimer JD, Ono S, Fujiwara Y, Takishita K, Tsukahara J. (2004). Reconsidering Zoanthus spp. diversity: molecular evidence of conspecificity within four previously presumed species. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 21: 517–525.
page(s): 520 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 [details]
additional source Haddon A. C.; Duerden J. E. (1896). On some Actiniaria from Australia and other districts. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, II, 6, 139-172.
page(s): 147, 148 [details]
additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
page(s): 279 [details]
additional source Krempf, A. (1905). Liste des Hexanthides(¹) rapportés de l'Océan Indien (Golfe de Tadjourah) par M. Ch. Gravier. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 11, 191-196
page(s): 195 [details]
additional source Faurot, L. (1895). Études sur l'anatomie, l'histologie et le développement des actinies. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 3, 3, 43-262
page(s): 205 [details]
additional source Endean, R. (1982). Australia's Great Barrier Reef. University of Queensland Press. St Lucia, London, New York., edition 1st, pp. 348.
page(s): 258 [details]
additional source Hashimoto, Y.; Ashida, K. (1973). Screening of toxic corals and isolation of a toxic polypeptide from Goniopora spp. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20 (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Cnidaria), 703-711
page(s): 705, 706 [details]
additional source Kimura, S.; Hashimoto, Y. (1973). Purification of the toxin in a zoanthid Palythoa tuberculosa. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20 (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Cnidaria), 712-718
page(s): 712, 716, 717, 718 [details]
additional source Yamazato, K.; Isa, T. (1981). Dynamics of colonial growth in a zoanthid, Palythoa tuberculosa (Esper). Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, 2, 760
page(s): 760 [details]
additional source Shick, J. M.; Dykens, J. A. (1985). Oxygen detoxification in algal-invertebrate symbioses from the Great Barrier Reef. Oecologia, 66, 33-41
page(s): 33-41 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; Gulko, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G. (2004). Nihoa Island coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000, and Rapture 2000 and 2002 sites [Table 1]. Unpublished. [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1889). The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W.I. Journal of Morphology, 3(1): 1-80
page(s): 67, 68 [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1988). Size-dependent growth in two zoanthid species: a contrast in clonal strategies. Ecology, 69(4): 1219-1232
page(s): 1228 [details]
additional source Herberts, C. (1987). Ordre des Zoanthaires. Masson. Paris., pp. 783-810
page(s): 793, 796 [details]
additional source Mueller, E.; Haywick, W. (1995). Sediment assimilation and calcification by the western Atlantic reef zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco), 14(2): 89-100
page(s): 90 [details]
additional source Moore, R. E.; Scheuer, P. J. (1971). Palytoxin: a new marine toxin from a coelenterate. Science, 172, 495-497
page(s): 495 [details]
additional source Yamazato, K.; Yoshimoto, F.; Yoshihara, N. (1973). Reproductive cycle in a zoanthid Palythoa tuberculosa Esper. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20 (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Cnidaria), 275-283
page(s): 275-283 [details]
additional source Southwell, T. (1906). Corrections and Additions. Part V.- Add the following list of Actiniaria identified by Mr. T. Southwell. W. A. Herdman (eds.). Royal Society. London, chapter correction, volume V, pp. 451-452
page(s): 451, 452 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Wigley, R. A.; Muirhead, A. M. (1984). Ecology and colonial dynamics of some Pacific reef flat Didemnidae (Ascidiacea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80, 261-282
page(s): 278 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 19-20 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
page(s): 179, 180, 181, 182 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Babcock, R. C. (1991). Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 117-123
page(s): 121-123 [details]
additional source Cooke, W. J. (1976). Reproduction, growth, and some tolerances of Zoanthus pacificus and Palythoa vestitus in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Plenum. New York and London., pp. 281-288
page(s): 281, 282 [details]
additional source Uchida, H.; Soyama, I. (2001). Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS. Japan., pp. 157.
page(s): 121, 151, 156 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Molina, M.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Palmyra Atoll coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000-2001, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 8]. UNPUBLISHED, UNPUBLISHED [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Gardner Pinnacles 2000-3 coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 sites [Table 2]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Siciliano, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D. (2004). Necker Island coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 4]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D. (2004). French Frigate Shoals coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and 2003 Sette surveys [Table 1]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Maro reef coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 9]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Kenyon, J.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Pearl & Hermes Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture & Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 13]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J.; Dana, T.; Aeby, G.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Midway Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, Townsend Cromwell 2002, US Fish and Wildlife Service 2000, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 14]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Kure Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 15]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E. (2004). Baker Island coral data [Table unnumbered]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 2 [details]
additional source Larson, K. S.; Larson, R. J. (1982). On the ecology of Isaurus duchassaingi (Andres) (Cnidaria: Zoanthidea) from South Water Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, 475-488
page(s): 487 [details]
additional source Müller, G. (1883). Zur Morphologie der Scheidewände bei einigen Palythoa und Zoanthus. Marburg., pp. 44.
page(s): 20-22 [details]
additional source Schmidt, H. (1974). On evolution in the Anthozoa. Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 533-560
page(s): 541, 543, 547 [details]
additional source DeFelice, R.; Minton, D.; Godwin, L. S. (2002). Records of Shallow-Water Marine Invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a Note on Noningenous Species: Report to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawaii., pp. 78.
page(s): 26, 52 [details]
additional source Studer, T. (1901). Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Madreporarier von Samoa, den Sandwich-Inseln und Laysan. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, 14, 388
page(s): 425 [details]
additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2005). Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science, 22, 247-255
page(s): 247, 254-255 [details]
additional source Boscolo, H. K.; Silveira, F. L. (2005). Reproductive biology of Palythoa caribaeorum and Protopalythoa variabilis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthidea) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 65, 1, 29-41
page(s): 33, 38 [details]
additional source Studer T. (1879). Übersicht der Anthozoa Alcyonaria, welche während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. <em>Monatsberichte der könglich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.</em> 1878, 632-688.
page(s): 681 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular identification of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) from Palythoa spp. (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Japan. Coral Reefs, 25, 521-527
page(s): 521, 522, 523, 525, 526 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Iwama, A.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). High levels of morphological variation despite close genetic relatedness between Zoanthus aff. vietnamensis and Zoanthus kuroshio (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Zoological Science, 23, 755-761
page(s): 757, 758 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Ono, S.; Maruyama, T. (2007). Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) based on nuclear ITS-rDNA. Coral Reefs, 26, 399-410
page(s): 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D. (2007). Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthid diversity (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from southern Shikoku, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere: Bulletin of the Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 3, 1-16
page(s): 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, Pl. 6 [details]
additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
page(s): 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Hirose, M.; Irei, Y.; Obuchi, M.; Sinniger, F. (2011). The sands of time: rediscovery of the genus Neozoanthus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and evolutionary aspects of sand incrustation in brachycnemic zoanthids. Marine Biology, 158, 983-993
page(s): 986, 988, 989, 990 [details]
page(s): 68, pl. XXIII [details]
original description (of Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1805) Esper, E.J.C. (1788-1830). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nuremberg. 3 vols text, 2 vols pls. , available online at https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.2885
page(s): Alcy. Taf. XXIII [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Colin, P.L.; Arneson, C. (1995). Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A fieldGuide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. <em>Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA.</em> 1-296.
page(s): 124-125 [details]
additional source Boone, L. (1938). Scientific results of the world cruises of the yachts "Ara", 1928-1929, and "Alva", 1931-1932, "Alva" Mediterranean cruise, 1933, and "Alva" South American cruise, 1935, William K. Vanderbilt, Commanding. <em>Bull. Vanderbilt mar. Mus.</em> 7 : 1-372., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3534016
page(s): 12, 72-79 [details]
additional source Mariscal, R.N., 1974. Nematocysts. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 129-178.
page(s): 157 [details]
additional source Reimer, A.A., 1971. Observations on the relationships between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidea, Coelenterata) and their zooxanthellae. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 7 : 207-214.
page(s): 208, 211, 213 [details]
additional source Robertson, A.L., J. Lancaster, L.R. Belyea & A.G. Hildrew. (1997). Hydraulic habitat and the assemblage structure of stream benthic microcrustacea. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16(3):562-575.
page(s): 247-248 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Grygier, M.J. (1996). A world list of coral reef-associated Ascothoracida (Crustacea), with remarks on Lauridae Petrarcidae, and Dendrogastridae from Okinawa, Japan. <em>Galaxea.</em> 13: 15-33.
page(s): 17, 24, 26 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Studer, T. (1879). Zweite Abtheilung der Anthozoa Polyactinia, welche während der Reise A. M. S. Corvette Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. <em>Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.</em> 1878: 525–550, pls. 1-5.
page(s): 547 [details]
additional source Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Sinniger, F.; Reimer, J.D.; Pawlowski, J. (2010). The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity, 40(1), 57-70.
page(s): 65 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672.
page(s): 631 [details]
additional source Klunzinger, C. B. (1877). Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. 1: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. <em>Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung. Berlin.</em> pp. 98., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Korallenthiere_des_rothen_Meeres.html?id=MxJXkgAACAAJ
page(s): 66-67 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E.; Bowers, R. L. (1971). A review of Hawaiian zoanthids with descriptions of three new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 50(2): 161-180., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00757.x
page(s): 170-172 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Lancaster, J. E. (2003). Revision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa (Hexacorallia : Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 17(3): 407-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/is02008
page(s): 409, 410 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1888). Report on the Actiniaria dredged by HMS 'Challenger' during the years 1873-1876. Supplement. <em>Reports on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76.</em> XXVI, pt. LXXIII: 4–56. London, Edinburgh & Dublin., available online at https://archive.org/details/reportonactiniar00hert/page/16
page(s): 46 [details]
additional source Pax F. (1908). Die Aktinienfauna Westafrikas. <em>Denkschrift. medizin. naturwiss. Gesellschaft Jena.</em> 13: 463-504.
page(s): 495 [293], 497 [295] [details]
additional source Reimer JD, Ono S, Fujiwara Y, Takishita K, Tsukahara J. (2004). Reconsidering Zoanthus spp. diversity: molecular evidence of conspecificity within four previously presumed species. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 21: 517–525.
page(s): 520 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 [details]
additional source Haddon A. C.; Duerden J. E. (1896). On some Actiniaria from Australia and other districts. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, II, 6, 139-172.
page(s): 147, 148 [details]
additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
page(s): 279 [details]
additional source Krempf, A. (1905). Liste des Hexanthides(¹) rapportés de l'Océan Indien (Golfe de Tadjourah) par M. Ch. Gravier. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 11, 191-196
page(s): 195 [details]
additional source Faurot, L. (1895). Études sur l'anatomie, l'histologie et le développement des actinies. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 3, 3, 43-262
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additional source Cooke, W. J. (1976). Reproduction, growth, and some tolerances of Zoanthus pacificus and Palythoa vestitus in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Plenum. New York and London., pp. 281-288
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additional source Maragos, J. E.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Gardner Pinnacles 2000-3 coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 sites [Table 2]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
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additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D. (2004). French Frigate Shoals coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and 2003 Sette surveys [Table 1]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
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additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Maro reef coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 9]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
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additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Ono, S.; Maruyama, T. (2007). Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) based on nuclear ITS-rDNA. Coral Reefs, 26, 399-410
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additional source Reimer, J. D. (2007). Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthid diversity (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from southern Shikoku, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere: Bulletin of the Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 3, 1-16
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additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
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additional source Reimer, J. D.; Hirose, M.; Irei, Y.; Obuchi, M.; Sinniger, F. (2011). The sands of time: rediscovery of the genus Neozoanthus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and evolutionary aspects of sand incrustation in brachycnemic zoanthids. Marine Biology, 158, 983-993
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Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Nontype USNM 52606, geounit Maldives Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype USNM 52607, geounit Maldives Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype USNM 52608, geounit Maldives Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | イワスナギンチャク | [details] |
