WO2000075612A2

WO2000075612A2 - Assembly for separating and method for weighing the inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies

Info

Publication number: WO2000075612A2
Application number: PCT/DE2000/001577
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manfred Alexander Gregor
Original assignee: Manfred Alexander Gregor
Priority date: 1999-06-03
Filing date: 2000-05-16
Publication date: 2000-12-14
Also published as: WO2000075612A9; DE19927026A1; EP1141666A2; WO2000075612A3; AU5389900A

Abstract

The invention relates to a technological assembly for separating the heavy mass and the inertial mass of chemical substances and physical bodies, using horizontal components with independent electric field strengths of the earth's gravitational and rotational fields and also to a technological method for measuring the heavy rest mass and the inertial rest mass of a substance and a body. Said assembly consists of a vertical torsion balance (1) which is used to obtain the perpendicular position of the weighing beam and to cause the horizontal electric field strength component to act upon the quantity of the substance to be weighed. The assembly also consists of a signal system (2) for the derivation of the measurement signals, a receiver and transducer system (3), an amplifier and measurement value memory system (4) and of the display device (5) for the measured variables. The powerful effect of the perpendicular components of the earth's gravitational field which are used in the weighing balance is eliminated by the perpendicular position of the vertical balance and a horizontal driving motion around a horizontal rotating shaft which is mounted in a frictionless manner. An elastic bearing maintains the stable position of the driving motion acting on the balance container for the substance quantity. Said bearing is produced in a special manner from play-free, rotating elastic bearing bodies. A linear guidance of the substance portion, at points where said portion periodically rests, is achieved in the stationary state, with a tolerance in the nano-range. The characteristic deviation lies in the range of 150 nanometers to picometers. In this manner, the smallest quasi-atomic lifting paths can be realised for each guidance period. The time measurement tolerance for the temporal interval of the rest points, obtained using the synchronously adjusted intrinsic swing duration of the vertical balance, when calculated over two measuring cycles, lies between 5 and 10 minutes for the separate weighing of heavy mass and inertial mass in the nanosecond range. The measuring result is made up of the quantity of the heavy mass and the quantity of the inertial mass of the substance quantity, expressed in a unit equivalent to the quantity of their mass weight.

Description

Arrangement for separating and method for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies The invention relates to an arrangement for separating and a method for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies.

1. Physical division of problems and technical task

The technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of inert mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies works by using the physical effect of horizontal components of neutral field strengths of independent neutral force fields of the earth's body, the earth's rotation field and the earth's gravitational field. Their neutral interaction receives the field strength of the earth's gravity field through the resulting field strength of these two fields. The strong effect of the vertical component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field can be observed physically through the ⁵ acceleration of a precipitated chemical substance or free-falling body. Their physical effect can be measured by the falling mass, which is artificially preserved by means of a balance in the idle state, by the weight mass.

Much more difficult than the vertical strong effect of the earth's gravitational field strength due to the acceleration of the bodies, which, through the insight into the lever law [ARCHIMEDES von Syrakus, * 285- ^f 285 v. ⁰ Chr.] About 2500 years ago for the production of the first hydrodynamic precision balance for weighing weight in a liquid instead of in air, it was technically possible to capture the horizontal weak effect of the neutral force fields independent of the gravitational field for weighing mass that preserve the Earth's gravity field. That this is technically feasible, and physically possible, the very fact clear that the field ⁵ strength of the rotating field of the earth by general rotational inertial mass around the Erdrotationszentrum in the earth's axis in each second of time, and the field strength of the gravitational field of the earth acts by general attraction of heavy mass to the center of gravity in the center of the earth in every place of the room. The general case of weight mass in the direction of the perpendicular to the center of gravity in the middle of the equator can be observed physically sharply separated from it due to the vertical deviation. ⁰ The technical difficulty in using the difference is that the solder deviation is a very small quantity. The physical separation of falling weight mass to the center of gravity and from gravitating heavy mass to the center of gravity, which is to be experienced in this way, cannot be used for the separation of heavy mass and weight mass. There are rare horizontal pendulums for increasing the solder deviation, there are expensive borehole solder fluctuation pendulums, ⁵ very precise gravimeter systems are known which react to the solder deviation. ¹¹¹ To separate the types of mass to use the difference with none of these technical solutions. The physical difficulty is of an entirely different kind. It is that between the field strength of all three independent neutral fields of the earth, and independent between all three conservation accelerations of the state of inertia of rotating inertial mass, gravitating ⁰ gravitational mass, and falling weight mass in moments of In principle, physical rest must be differentiated in time and in places of rest in space and physically separated. The relevant state is that between independent neutral field strengths retained in a fixed direction of the space a constant size, with which they act on the mass, and neutral self-acceleration of the mass, whereby the mass itself heavier condition rest mass, vehicle Ruh- ⁵ mass , or falling rest mass, which is physically experienced through simultaneous moments of relative rest in time and coincident positions of relative rest in space, is not distinguished in principle. That on this physical basis it is impossible to distinguish between one or the other state, which is a prerequisite for physically describing a technical arrangement, with which heavy and inert mass can be separated, and for the functioning of a technical process characterize how these quantities of rest mass are to be measured in an equivalent size to the normal mass, this characterizes the physical problem and physical task to be taken into account in the technical task. 2. Formulation according to the invention of the physical problem. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention

The physical basis of the method according to the invention is, according to the above, that the neutral force field of the earth as a uniform indivisible physical force field of independent neutral force fields of maintaining the earth's rotation by inert mass at any moment in time and maintaining the earth's gravity by heavy Mass is understood in every point of space, the stable interaction of which the earth's gravity field receives in every point of space-time. Its effect can be observed physically independently of the falling mass, and can therefore be used technically. The independent fields are by independent field strengths ^ general mass rotation by a constant action by inert mass m _τ that chemically stable and physically stable substances rotating at every moment in time, in every second of an earth day, [FIGURE 9] around the fixed force center of the earth's rotation Body, and general mass attraction g by a constant effect due to heavy mass m _{s of} the gravitationally chemically stable substances and physically stable bodies that are attracted to the fixed center of gravity of the earth's gravity in every place of the earth.

The unit of the fields is to be described by the resulting field strength g of the independent field strengths of the earth's rotation and gravity, which the earth's gravity field receives. The effect of this field strength by the mass falling in the indivisible space-time can be measured by the acceleration of a substance or a body. The physical relationship of the independent field strengths is to be mathematically strictly described by the uniform size by the vectorial sum of the independent types of neutral field strengths: ^S ^ = i ^g \ ^{+ S} \ d ⁾

The preservation of inertial mass at any moment in time by the earth's rotation field and heavy mass in every place of the room by the earth's gravitational field is due to the indivisible effect of the stable interaction of these fields by the earth's gravitational field in every place of space time by the falling mass or weight mass m _a in the gravitational field physically uniform size to be described mathematically strictly by the scaled sum of the independent types of masses: m _s + m _T = m _σ (2)

TABLE 1 to TABLE 4 in the description below contains the first measured quantities of directly measured quantities of heavy mass and inert mass, which are physically obtained by means of the technical arrangement described below under points 3 and 5 and measured using the technical method described under point 4 are.

These result in a satisfactory agreement for a first measurement with the above general physical conservation law for different sizes of independent types of mass obtained by different field strengths of independent neutral fields, better than 1%.

The connection, which is important for physical experience and for the measurement-technical determination of equivalent effect quantities and equivalent measurement quantities of the mass with known physical quantities of the weight value of the weight mass in air, which can be measured by means of known technical methods of a weight balance of the choice [FIGURE 8], consists of the strong effect of the vertical component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the acceleration of free-falling bodies in a vacuum, namely that the magnitude of both quantities can be experienced in this direction in a physically indistinguishable manner. But the size is fundamentally not the same physically.

The field strength pulls falling mass towards the center of gravity. It therefore logically bears the negative sign of the size determined by (1). The counter-acceleration, which acts in the opposite direction in every small particle of the falling mass and thereby keeps the mass stable in every space-time position, usually has the opposite positive sign. This means that the field strength of the gravitational field can be physically separated, and the difference must be described mathematically strictly separate from the acceleration of gravity. 1 It is self-evident that the acceleration of gravity is directed towards a center of force that is not invariably fixed, but that it remains stable between the center of gravity and the center of rotation in an intermediate gravity center. It is this direction that is called the perpendicular direction in earth measurements. ^{| 1)} The maintenance acceleration of all weight mass particles in the state acts in exactly this direction

5

l Scale. The procedure is such that a state of maintaining the balance of weight in the gravitational field is created artificially. The technical means for this is a compensation device to compensate for the effect of the weight force by means of a compensation force F against the weight force. In this way, the size of the weight mass m _{Q is weighed} . The physical conditions of weighing in the gravity field are physically clearly defined. In principle, they can be described mathematically with i δ fixed limits: m _G - (- g _{r, ω} ) + F = 0 (3)

In a modern weight scale, electronically stabilized compensation devices result in an accuracy of the quotient of the compensating force of the scale and the acceleration of gravity in the weighing range, which is often more precise than the size of the weight mass by the unit of mass

²⁰ _* * o - -— ^F ° _{4 ) is to be represented physically, which is done by a calibrated copy of the original kilogram ^[2) as the base unit of the mass of the international physical unit system, which the user can obtain by a

25 calibrated weighing pieces must be made available.

An example of the state of the art with regard to the accuracy of the measurement of the magnitude of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field acting at the location of a balance is to be given here: Near the location where the technically executed arrangement of a separation balance with the the results shown has been tested, a highly accurate

₃₀ measurement of gravitational acceleration.

A free fall absolute gravimeter manufactured by FALLER (1963) according to a US patent from AXIS was used. It works with a vacuum chamber and a very small fall distance of around 0.2 m. The mean values of the acceleration of gravity over the time average of a day have thus been determined for the purpose of re-measuring the basic gravity network, and

35 as determined with a standard deviation in the nano range with about 51Cr ⁹ in more detail, is as the best tolerance to weights, except calibration pieces, ^ra to be displayed up to picograms. For the absolute measuring station 23/10 at the latitude of φ = 54.08 ° of interest here, an amount of the gravitational acceleration of g ^ ^s (9.81428453 ± 0.00000005) m / s ² resulted for the normal height of 1.25 m . ^ra This means that average values of the effect of the earth's gravitational field can be determined by constant

₄₀ values "in the form of cataloged measured values for fixed measuring stations of the heavy network are known today with this accuracy. That is the current highest level of science and technology. The fact that nothing is physically known about the field strength of the rotating field and the gravitational field is undisputed less is therefore known about the physical effect of inertial mass and heavy mass, which in principle have to be measured physically separately from the weight mass, which is generally considered by experts to be the best way to further increase the measuring accuracy of the gravity measuring devices, and the tolerance of the weight balance to further reduce, and to develop new horizontal pendulums, new heavy pendulums, new gravimeters in the field of gravity measurement technology, and to create new scales with an even better compensation device in the field of weighing technology, with a view to the technical tasks according to the invention The position therefore does not lead to physical success and does not bring any technical benefits.

The technical task according to the invention is fundamentally different from a physical point of view. It is not about creating a new technical arrangement for the technical use of the physical effect of the field strength of the earth's gravity field, because there are plenty of them. These devices radio function due to the strong vertical acceleration of the fall acceleration, and the falling mass of substances and bodies. The technical problem, the technical problem to be solved according to the invention is that a technical arrangement is to be produced, with which the persistence of a quantity of substance and a body in the state of rest can be artificially obtained physically independently of the strong effect of the acceleration of gravity in the vertical direction. For this purpose, a compensation device is obviously to be produced, which technically functions fundamentally differently than the compensation device of a weight scale.

This results in one of the most striking features of the technical solution according to the invention for the separation of heavy mass and inert mass from the weight mass: this is the characteristic vertical position of the weighing beam and the horizontal guide vibration of the weighing sample, as can be seen in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 In the same way there is the characteristic of a technical arrangement according to the invention for the fine measurement of independent types of inert mass: This is the characteristic horizontal position of the weighing beam and the horizontal guide vibration of the weighing sample, as can be seen in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. FIG. 9 illustrates the distinctive difference in the physical mode of action of a vertical balance according to the invention, which uses the weak physical effect of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth rotation field for weighing the size, for example the inertial mass, instead of the strong physical effect of vertical components of the gravitational field The size of the field strength of the field and that of the acceleration of maintenance of the inertial mass in the state, the interaction of which can be observed in periodically occurring moments of the state of relative rest of the weighing sample, has been explained in EXPLANATION on FIGURE 9 in SECTION 9 of this description. In SECTION 8, for the purpose of describing the difference in the physical mode of action, a comparison with the mode of operation of a gravity pendulum can be found using the example of measured sizes of inert mass of standardized brass weights of 20 g, 10 g, and 5 g weight mass, which the by vertical balance described in SECTION 5 have been obtained.

That the compensation device of a scale according to the invention for maintaining separate states of rest of inert mass and heavy mass is technically much more sensitive to manufacture, because, in contrast to the strong falling force in the vertical direction, with which the weight scale works, on the weak effect of the smallest torques of horizontal components of the field strength of the Earth rotation field and the earth's gravitational field must respond highly precisely, is already evident from the general characteristics of the technical problem to be solved according to the invention. The technical solution according to the invention has, for the aforementioned reasons, in contrast to weight scales, which regularly have a damping device for reliably reproducing the weight value of the weight, so that the vertical oscillation around the equilibrium position must be brought to zero in order to read the measured value more quickly by shortening the Settling time to come to rest, regularly no such damping. On the contrary, it uses small vibrations around the equilibrium position to measure the size of the mass, and for this purpose enhances the synchronicity and coincidence of such vibrations in the manner described in more detail in section 3 below. As a result, the distinctive difference to the technical means of choice for producing the compensation device for a balance of the known type can be seen, for example in the

- lever balance, with a horizontal lever device (FIGURE 1, FIGURE 8/1) mounted in a roller bearing,

- Single-thread rotary weigher, with frictionless vertical turning and holding device (FIGURE 8/2),

- Compensation scale, with in principle any compensation device, but preferably an electromagnet or a steel spring, (FIGURE 8/3) or

- Beat scale with frictionless horizontal lever device. (FIGURE 8/4)

The scientific, technical and general practical significance of the lack of a technical solution in the prior art for weighing mass by means of a compensation device which functions due to the weak effect of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth's rotation field or of the earth's gravitational field, instead of the strong effect of vertical components of the earth's gravity field , for modern science and chemistry today is, for example, that no scales are technically available, which means that the size of the inertial mass of a certain 1 th amount of a substance is to be experienced, which acts physically in the moments of the disappearance of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration. This is the case, for example, when the substance is floating horizontally in a liquid. In this state, the weight does not work because its effect is retained by the field strength of the earth's gravity field. At right angles to the perpendicular direction in the horizontal direction, the large amount of gravitational acceleration disappears in the vertical direction. That means the chemical

5 see effect of the weight mass is practically zero, in this state the inert mass receives the chemical compound stable. How the mass in the state of floating in the liquid acts chemically when the weight mass disappears, and the chemical effect occurs due to inert mass, cannot be learned if there is no technical arrangement for weighing the size of the inert mass of the quantity by constant Sizes of field strengths of the fields are available, or physical effect which in this state receives the effect through inert mass.

Perhaps even more important for the manufacture of a balance for the physical separation of inert mass and heavy mass for modern technology and today's physics is that no balance is available in the prior art, which means that the size of the heavy mass can be physically experienced, which acts regardless of the weight mass when a body in the perpendicular direction

15 horizontal direction with small angles from the size of the perpendicular deviation in periodic places of persistence in the state of relative rest.

The scientific and economic importance for the production of new field strength measuring devices, which do not work through weight mass, whereby heavy pendulums and free fall gravimeters work, but which work technically through the action of heavy mass, is obvious.

20 Even more important is the importance for solid state physics.

Wherever the smallest horizontal vibrations of mass in the gravitational field at right angles to the perpendicular direction are stable at small angles below the limit of the vertical deviation - and such transitions are obtained en masse by solid-state vibrations around fixed equilibrium positions of the molecular lattice sites in all types of solid bodies - this is where the transition takes place not under the

25 Effect of a mass by weight. This does not appear perpendicular to the perpendicular direction, because the field strength of the earth's gravity field disappears at right angles to the vertical direction. The field strength of the earth's gravitational field does not disappear in this direction, because it acts sharply separated around the perpendicular deviation. This means that in this state the stability and firmness of the body is preserved through a new type of mass that does not work due to the weight. The effect of this remains physical

30 basically indefinite. In such processes, the magnitude of the acceleration of gravity disappears, and with it its effect, the weight. Neither the mass that can be experienced chemically, physically, and technically, nor the neutral field strength of strong neutral fields disappears. Their effects are preserved through new forms of mass. This mass is preserved between locations of stable horizontal transitions in a new form of heavy resting mass.

35 This involves new chemical and new physical effects that cannot be experienced and cannot be predicted by the effect of the weight. The mass changes shape, which means that it remains in any neutral field in the state of mass.

The same is known from the energy conservation law. Energy does not disappear either, but changes shape. When kinetic energy disappears, it remains in a different form than potential energy.

40 th. The total energy remains constant.

The same applies to the conservation law (2) for mass: the total mass remains constant. In what form the preservation takes place, whether by the sum of inert mass and heavy mass by weight mass, or in another form of a difference between weight mass and heavy mass, 5 m _τ - m _G -m _s (2.1) or by weight mass and inert mass , m _s = m _G - m _τ (2.2) has no influence on the maintenance of the total mass.

Because the mass in every form of mass has a different size than the rest mass, you don't just need a kind of scale. In principle, the weight scale for the weight is not physically sufficient. For this reason, technically fundamentally different arrangements are required, independent types of scales, independent measuring methods with which the size of inert rest mass is to be measured, and with which the size of heavy rest mass which is to be measured in a particular one Quantity of a chemical substance and put in a certain volume of a solid structure. The task according to the invention stands and arises on this basis. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention, as described in more detail below and characterized in more detail, consists in

1. to develop and specify a technical process, with which the above-mentioned physical problem of separating heavy mass and inert mass as well as measuring the size of the

Resting mass of the heavy mass and the inert mass for a weighable amount of a chemical substance and for a weighable volume of a physical body is technically to be solved, and

2. To produce a technical arrangement with which this technical process can be carried out technically.

3. Description of the physical mode of operation and technical mode of operation of the technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of heavy mass and inert mass. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention is characterized in that technical means known per se of a heavy pendulum, a torsion vibrator, and a weight scale

- A technical arrangement with a compensation device for the small, mean, constant quantities of periodic effects of horizontal components of the independent neutral field strengths not of the earth's gravity field due to falling mass, but of the earth's gravitational field and the earth's rotation field through heavy mass and inert mass for a weighable amount of a chemical substance and physical body is to be created, with which, as characterized in the characterizing part of PATENT Claim 1 and specified by the further claims, it can be achieved that

- Periodic simultaneous events of the transition moments of practically all substance particles of the entire substance quantity of the whole body into the state of rest and the turning moments of the direction of oscillation of the whole substance quantity with a constant time and synchronicity of the time period of the transition into periodic rest positions and half the oscillation period between the turning points of the Guiding movement of the amount of substance in the range of microseconds to nanoseconds by means of an oscillating movement of a guide body, the measuring containers of the amount of substance of the body can be produced technically and obtained artificially, and

- Periodic coincident positions of a periodic guiding movement of practically all material particles of the total amount of material close to an ideal horizontal direction of movement of the discrete distance horizontally opposite points of the persistence of all particles in the state of rest and the continuously continuously changing path by means of a stable mechanical guiding movement of the measuring container to these points a deviation from an ideal rectilinear shift between the periodic points of rest in the measuring space in the range from nano to picometer can be technically realized.

FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES 1 and 2 of the process example TABLE 1 and TABLE 2 show an overview of some characteristic features and technical characteristics of the physical mode of operation and the technical functioning of a technical embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, with which this technical problem according to the invention can be achieved. The arrangement is technically preferred produced by means of a vertical guide body for the measuring container for the quantities of substance, as has been characterized in more detail in PATENT CLAIM 2, PATENT CLAIM 3, and PATENT CLAIM 4.

This guide body corresponds to the "weighing beam" of a balance insofar as, together with the elastic drain axis system, it is the technical implementation of the compensation device, with which the effect of field strengths of the earth's rotation field due to inert mass and the earth's gravitational field due to heavy mass can be measured in the same direction, in which the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravity field has disappeared due to the weight.

For this purpose, the compensation device is designed and manufactured in such a way that small guide vibrations of the measuring container in the horizontal direction with the accuracy required above about the perpendicular direction as the stable equilibrium position and the central main plane of symmetry of the guide 1 vibrations - FIGURE 1 - technically manufactured and artificially preserved. As a result, those physical effects are stable that are needed to measure the size of mass, which periodically passes at a technically feasible speed in one direction between fixed resting points, in which the field strength of the earth's gravity field physically disappears in the borderline case and has practically no effect. The mean constant size of the transition speed, which means

5 The technical solution identified in PATENT CLAIM 2 and PATENT CLAIM 4 is typically in the range of micrometers per second. The movement of the mass from places of undisturbed persistence in the state of rest is so little different from the state of rest itself due to this small size of the transfer speed into opposite places of renewed short insistence in the state of rest that in this way the stated technical problem is solved to measure the size of a resting mass in a neutral field that physically does not work in principle through the gravitational field.

This is done by the fact that in periodically occurring simultaneous moments of relative calm between masses rotating in a stable accelerating manner in the earth's rotation field, a physically safely reproducible constant portion of the effect of rotating inertial mass in the state of

15 maintains calmness, and in that in alternating periodically opposing places of coincident spatial distance relative calm between steadily accelerating mass in the earth's gravitational field there is a physically reliably reproducible constant portion of action of gravitating heavy mass in the state of Maintains calm. The FUNCTIONAL functions based on the measured variables of the exemplary embodiment and to be seen in the following

20 SCHEMA for a separating scale for inertial mass and heavy mass produced by means of a vertical torsion balance show to what extent the vertical torsion balance produced technically fulfills the functional condition for safe sizes of glory masses to be weighed reproducibly: The constant sums of the small sizes of the horizontal components of the field strengths and thus brought into effect the horizontal lead acceleration of the compensation

25 device for the stably obtained small forces of neutral interaction

in the upper guide area in the area of the left swing between 0.004 m / s ² to 0.005 m / s ² ,

- In the upper guide area in the area of the right swing between 0.026 m / s ² to 0.027 m / s ² , as well

- in the lower guide area in the area of the right swing between 0.053 m / s ² to 0.056 m / s ² ,

- In the lower guide area, the range of the left swing between 0.021 m / s ² to 0.027 m / s ² . 30th

According to the invention, the natural energy source of the guide movement is the small intrinsic energy of the effect of the neutral interaction of the horizontal component of the neutral field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the heavy mass and the earth's rotation field due to the inertial mass of the guide body, and thus in the MBS measuring container below or in the MBT above -Measuring container - FIGURE 5

35, FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4 - amount of substance carried. «

Because these two types of mass in space and time never go into the state of rest in the same places and never in the same moments, and thus persist in each spacetime point, regardless of what type of mass is currently observed and a certain energy of neutral interaction of both types of

40 masses that cannot be observed in the weight mass and are therefore not technically usable. Because the technically usable size of this energy source made usable with mechanical guide bodies regularly remains very small - it can be estimated on the basis of the aforementioned accelerations and transition paths in the micrometer range in the microjoule range - is the compensation bearing of a balance according to the invention for weighing heavy mass and from

45 inert rest mass produced according to the invention as a special friction-free bearing.

It consists of harnessing the small interaction energy of inert mass and heavy mass from elastic bearing bodies DK1.DK2 of a rigid guide body - FIGURE 5, FIGURE 4 - which are technically stable in their position in a special way, by means of one in the surrounding bearing frame Directly installed radial insert ball bearing of the type already described in the case of the JvlEHR WAVE TORSION GEARBOX according to the invention, and by means of a lever bearing built directly into the guide body, [in addition: DE 198 22 538.5 AT 19.05.1998 OT 25.11.1999] This eliminates elastic bearing bodies with high force The elastic bearing body consists of plastic with long molecular chains in the longitudinal direction, instead of steel or quartz, as the technical means of choice for the twisted-thread bearing of a single-thread torsion balance [FIGURE 8/2] or for the tensioning band bearing of a horizontal pendulum of the generally known type, for the technical production of which there are generally no strong compensation forces in the Longitudinal direction of the bearing body, and even artificially highly amplified compensation forces are used as the most important means for increasing the stability of the main axis of rotation 0 ^' . The technical means according to the invention of combining the contradictory technical requirements to produce the bearing bodies from a plastically flowing elastic material - which is what every plastic is known to do - technically, because excellent small transverse torques can thus be obtained technically for the utilization of the physical effect described above, and at the same time to technically create a stable position of the main axis of rotation with the required tolerance in the nanometer range, consists of installing a radial insert ball bearing actuator in the bearing frame, after which the elastic bearing body, which slowly lengthens over time, has to be wound around exactly the piece around which it was up to then lengthened.

In terms of keeping the rotating plane stable, the same can be technically obtained as with a metal body as a clamping body, which is practically not elongated. Or as with a small tensile stress in the cross-section of the bearing body, which is technically easy to implement by means of asymmetrically arranged, smaller weights, or with a smaller leverage effect of the guide bracket. These are known technical means with which horizontal pendulums and seismographs are produced. That's why they work technically very differently. This means that the physical mode of action described here cannot be brought out in a physically reproducible manner. The small energy of the stable interaction between the heavy mass and the inert mass appears, if at all, as "disturbance energy".

The combination of a thrust bearing actuator in the bearing frame for controlling the tensile force in the bearing body and a lever bearing in the guide body for maintaining the highest tensile stress in the bearing body is therefore a characteristic feature of the technical solution according to the invention. This combination of technical means according to the invention makes it possible to advantageously combine soft materials and hard materials and to use them in such a way that the advantages of the elasticity of the soft material are exploited and the disadvantages of the plasticity of the soft material can be technically eliminated. The fact that this inventive method of the technical production of the guide movement of the guide body of the weighing container for receiving the material samples and the weighing pieces decisively decides on the technical quality and the physical performance parameters of the arrangement lies in view of the statements made above regarding the physical mode of operation of a separating scale for heavy mass and inert mass on hand.

It is not the type of radial insert ball bearing actuator, whether manually controlled or electronically controlled, but the arrangement in the bearing frame at the end of one or the other guide fiber DK1, DK2 that is the decisive point, because an external fastening cannot be technically realized due to the high longitudinal guide force. If you do so, there will be disturbances in the stability due to the additional support of the radial insert ball bearing. This reduces the physical effect. But this also makes the technical system uselessly more complicated. That this way of mounting the guide body is even more important for a separating scale with a horizontal plane of rotation and a horizontal plane of oscillation of the horizontal guide movement of the measuring containers in periodic rest positions about a main axis of rotation 0 ^' which is stable in a vertical manner, for which FIGURE 10 and FIGURE 11 show an example instead of for a separating scale with a vertical plane of rotation and a vertical plane of vibration of the horizontal guide movement of the measuring container in periodic resting positions around a main axis of rotation 0 'which is stable in a horizontal manner is so obvious that this goes without saying without further explanations.

A technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of heavy mass and inert mass is regularly an arrangement by means of an MBS measuring container for weighing the size of heavy mass below a main axis of rotation 0 ^' obtained in a horizontally stable manner as described above, and by means of an MBT measuring container for weighing the Size of inert mass above the horizontal main axis of rotation 0 ^' , as has been shown in FIGURE 1 to FIGURE 7. For reasons not of a technical nature, but of a physical nature, a technical arrangement for physically separating the action of heavy mass and inert mass works, which in the same way with regard to the bearing, but with regard to the axis of rotation by means of a vertical main axis of rotation has been produced, and which therefore has a horizontal plane of rotation and horizontal plane of vibration of the guide movement of the measuring container in periodic rest positions, in terms of process technology, analogously to the vertical torsion balance described here in detail. By means of this technical solution, however, other measured variables of a physically principally independent effect between horizontal components of field strengths and other types of mass can be experienced. Therefore, this technical solution is to be identified and described here only to the extent that it can be seen that an independent technical solution according to the invention can be produced in this way, which results from a modification of that described for the vertical torsion balance. This does not have the above-mentioned characterization that physically it is necessary to measure the effect of heavy mass, namely the oscillation of the MBS container with small angles close to the solder deviation around the solder direction.

The other arrangement of the MBK measuring container for weighing inert mass by rotation, in a manner analogous to that of the vertical balance on the light side of the horizontally rotating guide body, and an MBG measuring container arranged on the opposite side of the axis of rotation, where the weight of the guide body is arranged , namely, shows that the inertial mass is further split into different equivalent sizes of independent forms of inertial mass in an analogous manner, as can be described by (2) for inert and heavy masses, analogous to how the weight mass is more independent in different sizes heavy mass and inert mass split. FIGURE 10 schematically exaggerates a technical characteristic functional feature of the technical arrangement according to the invention. It consists in the fact that the degree of freedom of the guiding movement is within the aforementioned tolerance by small angles in any direction of space. According to the above description, it is self-evident that this technical feature of the technical arrangement according to the invention is always technically present in every form of its implementation on the basis of the manufacture of the guide bearing and bearing design. This is e.g. Not achievable with a self-aligning bearing: rolling on a cutting edge limits the degree of freedom of the self-aligning guide. With a thin metal body as a tension band body, the limitation is not so obvious. It is there in the molecular area through the metal lattice.

By all the above-mentioned technical measures taken together, it is achieved according to the invention that the regularly very small energy of the effect of the neutral interaction of heavy mass and inert mass in a technically usable size in the storage system itself, by means of its inherent elasticity, the elastic bearing bodies such as “energy stores” physically safe, regardless of the direction of the force sources of the fields, which is important because these directions cannot be influenced and they are constantly changing, which means that the stability of the guide body within the specified tolerance can be technically guaranteed and to ensure physically that the small effects associated with constant changes in direction are not lost. By means of a bearing whose bearing bodies are not made of soft material of the aforesaid nature, this is considerably more difficult, or not at all possible gt, the effect is so small that it is perceived as a systematic disturbance rather than a technically usable effect. For these reasons, the manufacture of the arrangement according to the invention by means of a material of the elastic bearing body made of pure metal does not succeed, or leads to unsatisfactory results. For this reason, materials, such as aramid, polyamide or polyethylene, are mentioned as the technical means of choice in the characterizing part of the claims. Because these materials under high tensile stress - this is used so that the main axis of rotation is stable - all become a little plastic, and the creep behavior typical of plastics then shows more or less strongly, the compensation device of the arrangement must have a length compensation device to compensate for the elongation as a result of irreversible stretch. This length compensation device is the actuator installed in the bearing frame. On the vertical scale, it also serves as an adjusting element for the size of the cone angle of the guide body around the main axis of rotation 0 ^' . In contrast to the heavy pendulum, the guide body hangs exactly vertically only in the main plane of symmetry - FIGURE 1, FIGURE 4. In the side view - FIGURE 3 - you can see that technically obtained misalignment clearly obtained by means of the actuator SG of the bearing according to the invention. With the horizontal scale - FIGURE 11 - the same actuator is used to control the height of the rotary plane. To delimit the technical features and To clarify the physical mode of action, the following comment is appropriate here. Of course, it is possible to choose, for example, such a large diameter of the bearing body that no permanent expansion occurs. Then, logically, you do not need an actuator, then it is useless and superfluous Task does not, or comes to the physical limit, where it is much more difficult to solve because the thicker the rotating body is made, the greater the internal loss, the smaller the technically usable energy, with which an automatic guiding movement of the guiding body can be obtained it is physically important because a natural vibration of any period and a distance of the turning points of the driving vibration of any width is of no use at all. According to the task, simultaneity or synchronicity with the period of the persistence of inert mass at rest i m Earth's rotation field must be added And there must be coincidence or equality of distance with the discrete distance between the positions of the persistence of heavy mass to the left and right of the perpendicular direction in the resting state in the gravitational field.The technical means by which this can be achieved physically is a compensation device which complies with the technical described here Known characteristics Tension band bearings and torsion bearings are not designed for these requirements. This means that no technical compensation device can be produced, which means that the technical task is solved

Thus the small energy of the interaction of weak forces of horizontal components of neutral field strengths due to inert mass and heavy mass cannot be obtained in sufficient size and cannot be used technically by means of an elastic bearing of the guide body, which is made of a material of the aforementioned type, such as Polyamide or aramid, which irreversibly deforms under high tensile stress and becomes a slowly plastically "flowing" material under these conditions, is to achieve this goal

The transverse elasticity of such materials opposes a transverse thrust to a much smaller deformation resistance than a metal grid, because the internal friction is much smaller than the clamping force device built into the bearing frame, and by means of the lever device built into the guide body, both are major technical disadvantages - those in the course the time decreasing elasticity, and the creep of the synthetic material - technically to be remedied, so that in this way, according to the invention, both goals are achieved, which are particularly important, keeping the guide body stable in the powerfully tensionable elastic guide bearing, and storing the small interaction energy as one Thrust energy in the transverse direction of the elastic clamping body so that the guide vibration remains stationary in periodic resting positions in space and time, which is technically impossible to achieve with the efficiency that the inventu The vertical torsion balance due to its aforementioned special bearing design has it in itself, so to speak. It is the energy that can be used with this technical means that is the characteristic feature of PATENT CLAIM 1 of the simultaneity of continuous movement of an elastic vibrating mechanical system and of a discrete time transition from mass in the neutral field to the state of rest, and from the coincidence of steady turning points in the movement of a frictionless mechanical compensation device and a discrete spatial distance from points of persistence of mass in the state of rest in the neutral field is technically manufactured.This remains the physical effect artificially obtained in the manner according to the invention, and it is technically realized

In this way it is possible to maintain the desired physical effect resulting from TABLE 1 to TABLE 4 by separating the types of mass by small sizes of their effect. These can therefore be reproduced with a tolerance of less than 1%

In this way, the small angles of rotation to be obtained for the reasons mentioned above can be produced by means of stationary torsional vibrations using the mass of weight of the mechanical guide body of the vertical torsion balance without having an adverse effect on the achievement of the desired effect because the weight is retained in a highly elastic hanger - this is the compensation bearing according to the invention of the vertical torsion balance due to the above-mentioned production method - completely automatically in vertical alignment.This means that the effect of the weight of the guiding body is automatically raised for all measuring gears.This is what appears paradoxical at first glance to record that, depending on the The greater the weight of the guiding body, the more precisely the inertial mass of an additional mass of an amount of substance to be analyzed placed in the upper MBT measuring container above the compensation bearing is to be ventured, and the heavy mass of the same quantity of substance if it is in the MBS measuring container at the next one below the compensation bearing Measuring path is exchanged Because the greater the weight, the more stable the perpendicular direction is as the main axis of symmetry of the guide vibration - FIGURE 1 - of the MBT measuring container and the MBS measuring container. The more precisely the horizontal component of the vertical component, perpendicular to the vertical orientation, becomes with this technical means Field strength of the earth's rotation field filtered out, which acts through the inert mass of the quantity of matter, and the horizontal component perpendicular to the perpendicular to the field strength of the earth's gravitational field, which acts through the heavy mass of the quantity of matter. That is why the guide body is in the lower part by means of the weighting body rs "BK" practically made like a heavy pendulum FIGURE 5

According to the invention, the measuring range of the field strength effect and guiding range of the amount of substance is divided into four characteristic, physically and metrologically distinct separate sub-areas I, II, III, IV of a momentary left-hand swing or right-hand swing against the vertical middle equilibrium position of the guide body of the weighing or measuring container Upper spatial guiding area of the MBT container for measuring the size of the inertial mass is present, and a lower guiding area of the MBS container for measuring the size of the heavy mass. The effect of inertial mass in the upper measuring container is illustrated in FIGURE 9. The associated tables explain this effect by means of horizontal field strength components of the earth's rotation additionally using equivalent force effects. The method according to the invention dispenses with its technical use because the direct measurement of these variables is much more difficult and much less reliably reproducible is than that of the large ones, which can be obtained by means of the method according to the invention. The full effect of the load mass by adding the amount of substance in the MBT container in the perpendicular direction and above the main axis of rotation 0 ^' - FIGURE 2, FIGURE 4 - comes from physically The decisive factor is that in this position the total amount of material in the unstable state of equilibrium of the weight of the amount of material in the MBT measuring container is added to the guide body. Because the gravitational acceleration in almost the same direction - but separated by the solder deviation - to the above the amount of added material acts, its strong effect is transferred to the bearing axis by the guiding body in between.This effect is compensated for.Therefore, with this positioning, the smaller field strength of the earth's rotation of the amount of material, which acts in the horizontal direction - is independent of the horizontal component of the earth's gravitational field strength St Open quantity fully effective. This means that the size of the inertial mass can be experienced. Of course, it plays a role that the source of the force of the earth's rotation field is in the middle of the level of the balance, that is, in the middle of the daily orbit around the earth's rotation axis In this way, the earth's rotation field acts sharply separated from the earth's gravitational field because its field strength lies in the center of the earth's body.This means that it works in a different direction.When the amount of substance is exchanged in the lower MBS container, not only does the position in the room change, but also the state the equilibrium of the weight In this position, the amount of material in the perpendicular direction is now in a stable equilibrium below the support point of its weight in the earth's sulfur field. In this position, it swings in the statically stable state between the vertical direction of the falling weight mass and the direction of attraction of the earth's gravitational center heavy mass between points of rest in the gravitational field around the perpendicular direction. Therefore, the horizontal component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field comes into full effect at the lower carriage level, that is, the effect of the heavy mass can be experienced. Da in both measuring ranges, on both weighing levels , the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the acceleration of gravity disappearing in the horizontal direction cannot be experienced, which is due to the stable main axis of symmetry of the guide vibration in the perpendicular direction by the plumbing of the MBT carriage shell in the upper guidance area and the plumbing position of the MBS carriage shell is technically achieved in the lower guidance area - FIGURE 1 - the mass of the amount of substance in both measuring ranges is to be physically represented and measured in this manner and separately from the weight of the amount of substance in the gravitational field. This part of the invention technical problem to be solved has been solved because in the upper measuring range the effect of the field strength of the earth field by questioning the mass of the amount of substance added to the guide body on the MBT container, but in contrast in the lower measuring range at a lower weighing level the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field is affected by the heavy mass of the amount of substance added to the guide body in the MBS container , therefore the mass of the amount of substance in both measuring ranges must be shown and measured sharply separated by heavy mass or inert mass. The second part of the technical problem to be solved according to the invention - the separation of heavy mass and inert mass - has also been technically solved.

Physically, this means that no mass disappears, but remains, regardless of the form in which it appears physically, as a relatively resting weight mass in the earth's gravity field, as a relatively resting inert mass in the earth's rotation field, or as a relatively resting heavy mass in the earth's gravitational field experience that the sum of the measured quantities of the masses measured physically independently of the weight by this technical method by means of this technical arrangement adds up to the same size of mass that is physically safe by means of the known method of weighing the weight mass with the known arrangement of the weight scale You can find out a certain size of the mass: m _s + m _τ = m _G That the torsional acceleration obtained by means of the elastic rotary axis system, in contrast to and in contrast to neutral field strengths, is a mechanical acceleration that does not affect a specific type of mass in an unspecific way doing it by itself. It acts on weight mass, heavy mass, and inert mass practically indistinguishable. This maintains a fixed size of the horizontal guide acceleration of the guide body, and a fixed size of the compensation acceleration of the inert mass of the amount of substance or the heavy mass of the amount of substance, depending on whether the amount of substance in the upper region above the pivot point of the weight of the guide body is constantly in an unstable Equilibrium state vibrates, or whether it vibrates in the lower region below the suspension of the weight of the guide body in a stable equilibrium state. (As is well known, the equations of motion of the pendulum of gravity do not apply in the upper area. They describe physically undetermined quantities in this regard.)

The balancing of the forces, and thus the stopping of the guiding movement, never occurs because of the aforementioned physical inequality in principle of the effect of the neutral field strengths due to different types of mass due to the mechanical compensation acceleration. This keeps the drive energy. This means that in each of the four measuring range quadrants I, II, III, IV a different mean quantity of the constant effect of the interaction of field strengths and mass can be physically experienced. The nature of the interaction and the nature of the state of equilibrium of the weight determine the type of mass acting in a guiding area of a periodic left-right transition movement. This means that a physical separation must be made between heavy mass and inert mass.

Due to the non-constant mean constant size of the effect of the neutral interaction in the separate measuring ranges, which is retained by the different types of field strengths and the different types of mass, the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass can ultimately be measured independently of the weight mass . In this way, the object according to the invention of separating the heavy mass and the inert mass, and weighing the size of the heavy resting mass and the inert resting mass for weighable chemical substance and physical body is technically solved.

4. Description of the technical method according to the invention for measuring the weighing of the size of heavy mass and inert mass

A pendulum of gravity that oscillates around the direction of the plumb line with nothing more than the weight mass m _{α of} its own weight in the heavy field under the effect of the mean constant size g of the resulting field strength (1) of the earth's gravitational field with a constant natural oscillation period T _G , and a torsion oscillator that vibrates stationary and without damping which, due to a constant axial mass moment of inertia J of its own weight around an elastic main axis of rotation 0 ^' fixed in space, of constant restoring moment and compensation moment D against the weak effect of small torques of horizontal field strength components of the earth rotation field due to inertial mass and of the earth's gravitational field due to heavy mass in a constant natural oscillation period T _: is known to be stable in a natural oscillation.

Because the technical arrangement according to the invention physically removed the strong effect of the gravitational field in the manner described above by the weight, the measured variables for direct measurement of the size of the heavy mass and the size of the inert mass are to be measured by an equivalent size of the weight by a technical method . In principle, its measured variables are determined physically independently of the time and length variables that can be experienced and measured by movements in the gravitational field.

The technical method according to the invention therefore uses the natural vibrations to solve the technical task of measuring the size of the inertial mass and the size of the heavy mass, which vibrations are to be represented and obtained independently of the gravitational field. The technical solution according to the invention consists in combining the properties of a torsion transducer known per se with the technical arrangement described above to form a technical solution, so that the measurement-related task is thereby solved. This technical solution is described below.

Because it is primarily the measured variables that are to be obtained by means of this method, and the technical characteristics of the method resulting in the measured variables in a summarized manner, the description of the method is to be given by deriving the measured value equations, whereby the size of the inert mass and the heavy mass is to be measured.

The size of the inert mass of a chemical substance quantity and a physical body can be measured according to the invention in that the quantity of substance or the weighing piece is placed in the upper MBT weighing container. The size of the inertial mass is then measured in the first measuring cycle. The size of the heavy mass of the same amount of the same chemical substance or of the same physical body is to be measured according to the invention in that the quantity of substance or the weighing piece is subsequently exchanged in the lower MBT weighing container and is reinserted there. The size of the heavy mass must be measured in the second measuring cycle.

The physical relationship of the measured variables can be described mathematically strictly as follows: In the unloaded state of the torsional vibrator, a constant period T _{o of} the natural vibration must be measured. How big this is, is determined in terms of manufacturing technology by the design of the rotary axis system and the guide body. FIGURE 5 gives an example of how the size J of the axial moment of inertia is structurally defined with respect to the main axis of rotation. FIGURE 2 gives an example for the production of the fixed position of the frictionless main axis of rotation by means of the axis of rotation system of the multi-shaft torsion gear according to the invention.

In this way, the size D _{o of} the compensation torque of the rotary axis system is technically determined by the manner of manufacture of the torsion gear, the material of the elastic solid body, the manufacture of the stable holding of the rotary axis system, and the arrangement of the structures of the guide body. - In the loaded state with a fabric sample in the upper measuring container, a new moment of inertia J _{τ is} to be determined as a result of the weight mass of the fabric sample added above. It is to measure the new period T _{τ of} the vibration between the resting points of the quantity of material and the turning points of the vibration in the upper guide area, and the insertion distance r _τ between the center of gravity of the substance quantity, which oscillates unstably over the axis of rotation, from the axis of rotation, in the loaded state with a Fabric sample in the lower measuring container is to be determined different mass moment of inertia J _s due to the weight mass of the fabric sample inserted below, a new period T _{s of} the vibration between the resting points of the amount of material and the turning points of the vibration in the lower measuring range, and the insertion distance r _s between the lower to determine the center of gravity of the amount of substance stably oscillating from the axis of rotation.

The above-mentioned measurands are the quantities that are physically used to make the size of the resting heavy mass of a quantity of matter and a body by the mean constant effect of horizontal components of the gravitational field strength of the general mass attraction. 1 mass to be measured for a quantity of substance vibrating in the gravitational field in the stable state of equilibrium of its weight using the following equation for the size of the heavy mass ^m s = ^ "- (6)

5 °

The size of the resting inert mass of the same amount of substance of the same body is measured by the constant effect of horizontal components of the rotational field strength of the general mass rotation of inert mass on the weight of the substance quantity vibrating in the unstable state of equilibrium of the weight in the gravitational field by means of an identical measurement equation in the same way loading

10 correct sizes, and with regard to a separate spatial level, physically independent measurements were made _τ = 2-L-ln— ₍₇₎

₁₅ By the method described above it is achieved that, in contrast to the weight scale, the measurement of the mass can be carried out without the measurement of a force. Instead, a physical effect is measured in the unit of mass.

This ensures that the size of the rest mass of a heavy mass, which acts through the force field of the general mass attraction, and the size of the rest mass of an inert mass, which by the

_The force field of the general mass rotation acts, and the size of the weight mass of a falling mass, which acts through the force field of the general mass gravity, for physically uniform to be experienced by equivalent magnitudes of the effect and to be measured by indistinguishable equivalent units of the normal mass. Finally, to characterize the mode of operation and mode of operation of the invention

".. technical arrangement and the technical method according to the invention, the relationship of the measured value equations which are easy to use for carrying out the method is to be described with known empirical variables:

The half-oscillation period T between the turning points of a torsional oscillation of a torsional oscillator of a fixed directional torque D of an elastic rotating axis system and a fixed axial one

„„ Moment of inertia J results from the solution of the equation of motion for a center of gravity swinging around the axis in the gravitational field: = π - ^~ The mass moment of inertia as a function of the

D 2 duration shown ^J - j ^τ differentially gives the differential equation of the change in quantities 35 ^π ⁴⁷ -. ^D r in the gravitational field: - = 2— T Ej _ne arbitrarily small inert mass, which in a rotation field in fixed dT π

Distance r rotates about an axis of rotation, is ben by an infinitesimal inertia mass element to describe _40: dJ = DMR. The material constant of the rotary axis system is to be eliminated by equation

J D dT 1 4 /

- which results in a new form of the differential equation: - = This has to be transformed

T T 2 J

1 r ² άT ώn = - whereby new unknown physical quantities are determined by the integration:

45 2 J D

1 r ² ,,, dT j άm _g = j - The general solution for these initially physically indefinite quantities of the mass and the duration of preservation of the mass in an indefinite type

\ r ²

State is: n _e = lnT + C Due to the logarithm, the integration constant is a temporal one

2 years

State variable C = -lnT ₀ to determine, with which a certain solution is still unknown J, T equilibrium states and unknown types of masses of the following form result: m = 2— ln - r T

The types of mass that are physically recorded in this way are to be interpreted with regard to the technical method according to the invention in a generally valid manner by the inertial mass and heavy mass of a certain quantity of a chemical substance and a physical body, which are weighed separately by means of the separating balance, as physically by means of physically independent equilibrium states to be distinguished and represented by means of a torsion vibrator through a stable state of equilibrium and an unstable state of equilibrium. To be weighed and body substances between the upper and lower measuring vessel measuring container are by DA by physically secure certain sizes of the heavy mass (6) and the inertial mass (7) to be described by the technical process of the interchange of ₀ mathematically, in principle, arbitrary accuracy.

5. Embodiment of the technical solution according to the invention

5.1 Execution of the technical arrangement according to the invention by means of a vertical torsion balance and asymmetrical vertical beam balance

The technical preferred solution described below for the implementation of the technical method according to the invention of the separation of heavy mass and inert mass of chemical substances and physical bodies through the technical use of the stable effect of the neutral interaction of independent neutral fields of general gravitational gravity and the general rotational inertia Mass consists of a technical arrangement, which is characteristically a technical arrangement, which is usually made from the following components; out

1. a vertical torsion balance

2. a signal transmitter, which converts the guide vibrations of the guide body of the measuring container for receiving the quantities of substance or body to be weighed into signal vibrations, preferably electromagnetic waves and light waves, manufactured e.g. by means of a laser radiator attached to the guide body, and made from a signal steering device for the signal receiver, for. B. by means of a mirror system for the deflection of the laser beam

3. a signal receiver and signal converter or signal current converter, which catches the signal oscillation and converts it into measuring currents that are easy to amplify for processing, manufactured for. B. from a phototransistor, which absorbs the laser oscillation, and which converts the light energy when the signal strikes into a photo voltage signal curve or photocurrent curve; this is to be strengthened in a manner known per se and is easy to process further

4. an amplifier system for the signal currents and a measured value storage and data processing system of 5 known per se, the latter being used for storing intermediate values, which are preferred internally for the calculation of the measured variables according to the above-described determination equations (6) and (7) Measured value equations are used to determine the size m _{s of} the heavy mass and the size m _{τ of} the inertial mass; the amplifier system is manufactured in a manner known per se with micro-electronic circuits for the signal current amplification of the photocurrent of the 0 signal receiver, as well as with memory modules and microprocessors for storing measured values and for data processing and the output of the measured values in readable form

5. a display device for the measured quantities of the effect of the amount of substance on the horizontal guiding movement of the vertically set guide body obtained by means of the signal currents in the MBS measuring container due to heavy mass and in the MBT measuring container due to inert mass; produced eg by means of 5 an electronic quartz stopwatch with a digital display of up to 1/1000 s for electronic intermediate stops of the duration of each individual, every second, ... lead vibration, or only the total duration of all directly counted lead vibrations, e.g. of 100 lead vibrations; For this purpose, the total elapsed time after a certain number of n guide vibrations is stopped in a known manner with an electromechanical start stop and end stop, the time total of all T _{s time} values in the lower guide area III, IV with a loaded MBS measuring container is thereby measured; after swapping the test sample into the upper guide area l, ll into the MBT measuring container, the same time measurement is carried out again, thereby measuring the time total of all T _τ values in the upper guide area III, IV when the MBT measuring container is loaded; then done the determination of the size of the mass that has acted in the horizontal direction of the guide vibrations due to their persistence in the resting positions in the various states; In the simplest case - this can already be done manually, but more convenient and more precise is a subsequent automatic calculation with a direct display of the variables by the effect, by means of time values stored in the memory, by means of a printer device for printing out the measured variables, instead of visual reading from a display, etc. the display device is designed and manufactured in a known manner in accordance with the prior art.

FIGURE 7 shows all the components of the arrangement using an exemplary embodiment: the rigid guide body of the vertical torsion balance 1 swings about a vertical main plane of symmetry that remains stable perpendicular by means of the weight BK, about a central main axis of rotation 0 ^′ aligned parallel to the horizontal plane. The vertical equilibrium position can be clearly seen in the front view of FIGURE 4. FIGURE 1 shows the main plane of symmetry and the magnitudes of the effect of the horizontal field strength components to be measured in the upper measuring range and in the lower measuring range by the different types of mass in a simplified schematic representation. The laser beam LS (FtGUR 5) emerges upwards from the laser built into the hollow profile of the upper guide body basic profile. The laser signal light beam then passes through a glass plate that is stably connected to the substructure. This can be seen as PART 3 in FIGURE 6. The signal steering system 6 is mounted thereon. In this exemplary embodiment, this is made as a mirror surface arranged at an oblique angle from a totally reflecting heavy glass prism with a large base surface. It is diverted from here - FIGURE 7 - to signal receiver 3. There it falls on the light-sensitive base of the phototransistor 3 built into the signal receiver. This receives its working voltage in a known manner from the power supply of an amplifier via a cable connection.

By means of the change in resistance of the photosensitive base of the phototransistor occurring at the moment of the passage of the laser light signal, the electronic amplifier 4 is electronically controlled by means of the light signals at the timing of the passage of the light signal of the horizontal guide vibrations of the weighing beam against the perpendicular main axis of symmetry about its horizontal main axis of rotation 0 ^' . By means of the light vibrations, the simultaneous transition of the inert mass of the amount of substance in the MBT measuring container and the guiding vibration of the guide body in moments of rest in time in the upper measuring range l, left and the coincident distance of the resting points of the heavy mass of the amount of substance in the MBS measuring container is from the vertical direction of the vertical line of gravity in steady-state locations in the room in the lower measuring range on a measuring screen behind the signal receiver - FIGURE 7 to be seen physically directly. This is the technical means of the exemplary embodiment, with which the technical feature characterized in PATENT Claim 1 of the simultaneity and coincidence realized by means of the method according to the invention has been technically carried out and implemented by physical points of action of the mass in the field and by measuring points of the effect in time and space.

The electronically amplified continuous pulses of the light signal also control a second, electrical power amplifier of sufficient power, which is used to switch electromagnetic relays with spring contacts. This means that the simultaneity and coincidence of the impact event and the measurement event is no longer guaranteed with certainty because the contacts no longer close exactly at the same time. However, the tolerance can be kept far less than a microsecond by measures known per se. Satisfactory results can be achieved with this. In this way, the start signal and the end signal at the beginning and at the end of start-run-stop cycles can be reliably obtained by means of mechanical relays that are electronically controlled by the guide vibration of the vertical balance. After a sufficient number of guide vibrations, a stop signal is given. As a result, either the time total of the T _τ values for n periodic transitions to fixed rest positions of the inert mass in time during the period of rotation of the earth, which remained constant during the measurement, was measured directly. Or the time sum of the 7 " _s values for n periodic transitions in space around the meanwhile constant solder direction of the earth's gravitational field in fixed resting places in the gravitational field of the earth was measured directly with the time measurement accuracy. This characterizes the method according to the invention technically as a measurement method that works without disturbance of the simultaneity and the coincidence of the observation of the points of action by the observer. This feature has been formulated in summary in patent claim I. This is based on a physically in principle arbitrary exact measurement of the effect of mass by 1 feed. This is the advantage of the technical process according to the invention in comparison with known technical processes which attempt to achieve the same thing by measuring the points of action microscopically. Physically, in principle, there are inevitable disturbances in the observation of the effect, because the effect of the technical means of observation, e.g. B. that of the light beam, thereby participating in considerable size, the more, the deeper into the smallest space-time

5 areas are advancing. The method described above does not have this fundamental disadvantage in terms of physics. Only the measurement error is effective, in the generally known manner. In the present case, measurement errors come mainly from the limited display accuracy of the electronic quartz clock used of 1/1000 second, and from the fact that the relays do not close evenly into the measurement result.

10 The display device 5 of the measured values shows the time measurement result of the separate measurements. Depending on the design, further measurement results are to be displayed. A complete measurement sequence for a reliable determination of the time value for determining the size of the inert mass or the size of the heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance takes between about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes, depending on the desired accuracy of measurement. Then both measured values are available.

15 The comparison of the mean constant natural oscillation period T _{o of} the unloaded guiding body weighing beam, the mean constant transition and turning period T _{τ of} the vertical balance vibrating with the amount of substance to be analyzed in the upper MBT measuring container in periodic resting and turning points, and the mean constant transition and turning time T _{s of} the vertical vibrating with the same amount of material after being exchanged into the lower MBS measuring container.

20weighing in periodic resting and turning positions results in the manner described above the physical separation of the heavy mass and inert mass by the process-technically sharply separated size of the inert mass m _{7 of} the amount of substance and the size of the heavy mass m _{s of} the amount of substance .

255.2 embodiment of the technical method according to the invention by means of the technical arrangement of a vertical balance according to the invention

Table 1 to Table 4 contains the most important steps of the technical process of weighing the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass of chemical substances made of metallic compounds and of physical bodies of solid consistency in a clearly summarized table.

³⁰ hours The amount of substance weighed consists of a certain amount of the chemical elements copper and zinc, which are alloyed in a brass compound, from which weighing pieces of 20 g, 10 g and 5 g have been produced. The fourth test specimen is an aluminum weight of 0.5 g weight. The latter specimen is taken here - TABLE 4 - as an extreme value, because this shows the enormous possibilities of the method particularly clearly. Because with ⁵ less than 0.02% of the weight of the guide body of more than 2.51 kg, this item only has the 2000th fraction of the weight of the active part of the vertical scale. Nevertheless, the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass even of this small amount of substance can be recorded with a measurement error of only about 1.5%. This means that the limit of the resolution of inert mass and heavy mass occurs about 100 times the smallest measuring sample used, ie the vertical torsion balance ⁰ creates a resolution of about 200,000 equivalent units of heavy mass or inert mass. The summarized result of the measuring steps described in TABLE 1 to TABLE 3 looks as follows with regard to the three safest measurements:

Weight scales Vertical scales Vertical scales Vertical scales Inert mass Heavy mass Sum of measured variables

Weighing mass, weighing above, both weighing below

Cu, Zn: 10,000 g 7.654 g 2.417 g 10.071 g

Cu, Zn: 20,000 g 15.446 g 4.653 g 21, 100 g

Cu. Zn: 5,000 g 3,845 g 1,210 g 5,055 g total: m _Q = 35.00 gm _τ = 26.945 gw _s = 8.280 g (m _s + m _τ ) = 36.226 g The equivalence factors of the physically equivalent heavy mass and inert mass measured by the unit of normal mass are in tolerance, based on the unit of mass by weight as normal mass, somewhat less than the real fraction 3/4 or 1/4, depending on how one creates the relations, which quantify the factor of equivalence: m _τ __ 8.280 g _{Q 22} gm _r 26.946 g _{Q 71 1} m _g 36.226 g 'm _g 36.226 g

The equivalence factor from heavy mass to inert mass and vice versa gives dimensionless physical constants for the quantity of zinc and copper, which have a numerical value of about 3 and about 1/3 in the aforementioned tolerance: n ^ 26.945 gn ^ 8.280 _g m _s 8.280 g mr 26.945g

The resulting general relationships of the different types of rest mass can be described by dimensionless elementary relations of equivalent heavy mass, inert mass, and weight mass:

The tolerance of the measured values shows agreement that the sum of the heavy mass of a substance quantity and the inert mass of the substance quantity is equal to the weight mass of the substance quantity: nb ^ ^M r + s (2) The physical separation of heavy mass and inert mass by means of a With these measurement results, which stand on a physical basis that has not yet been used technically for the purposes of weighing the mass of substances and bodies, vertical torsion scales lead to the same result, and to that on a completely different physical basis, the general known experience in the field of nuclear physics for a long time. Not least, this also provides a physical, uniform basis for testing and for physically deciding the equivalence principle of mass.

This connection can be recognized by the fact that with the completely different technical means in the field of nuclear energy technology as well as atomic physics and particle physics, the same relations result as dimensionless natural constants. The ratio of the physical separation of inert mass and heavy mass results in the same fractional numerical values of 1/3 or 3 for all measuring samples made of zinc and copper, whereby the effect of the interaction of the so-called QUARKS, which have never been proven in free form to describe the core matter. Averaged over the measurement results of the three samples, instead of only making an estimate based on a sum, the following result is obtained in a tolerance of better than 1% by the technical method according to the invention described above:

^ - = (0.3114 ± 0.0078) - ^ - = (3.210910.0787) nm _s

5.3 Embodiment of a technical device system using a vertical torsion balance according to the invention for separating heavy mass and inert mass and using the method according to experience for weighing the size of inert mass and heavy mass for weighing pieces made of metal

FIGURE 6 shows an overview of the arrangement of the main components of the vertical torsion balance used to carry out the method. FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4, and FIGURE 5 show details of the arrangement and the technical implementation.

The vertical torsion balance - FIGURE 6 - consists of a weighing beam 12.

The weighted mass of the guide body with all components attached to it is approximately 2505 g without loads. The axial moment of inertia of the weight of all of its components is approximately J-21, 72 gm ² with respect to the main axis of rotation 0 '.

The arrangement of the guide body of the vertical balance has been identified in FIGURE 5. The meaning of the abbreviations belonging to the figures has been described in more detail in the following "Explanation of the reference symbols used in the figures". For this reason, it is sufficient to refer to the characteristic features of the main components: According to the invention, the rotating fibers 11 consist of tear-resistant synthetic fiber. In the exemplary embodiment made of a highly tear-resistant plastic with a diameter <1 mm.

Why plastic is used according to the invention instead of steel, and how the compensation device according to the invention for the weak effect and the small torque of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth's rotation field due to the inert mass of the substance and the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the heavy mass of the substance is made with it, has been described in section 3 above and has been named in the characterizing parts of the claims with regard to the technical features.

The weighting body and stabilizer body 10 which secures the frictional connection of the elastic solid bodies in the press seats, thereby maintaining the high guidance accuracy and at the same time maintaining the perpendicular main axis of symmetry and thereby maintaining the spatial distance between the secondary axes of rotation 0 ^" , 0 '^" (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) made as a pierced lead ball weighing 2.36 kg. This combines over 94% of the weight of the guide body of the vertical scale. The lower MBS weighing container 9 and the upper MBT weighing container 8 are made of aluminum sheet. The signal generator 14 is built into the hollow profile of the upper basic profile of the guide body. It is made from a laser diode. This emits at a wavelength of around 660 nm.

It consists of the LK laser head with directional and focusing optics, as well as electronic components for maintaining and controlling the laser signal. (FIGURE 5)

A glass plate 5 is arranged with structures 4 on the support bearing 2 as a guide for the deflection system for the signal beam. It is firmly on the bearing frame 3 of the elastic force bearing. The substructure of the bearing frame is fastened to a brick wall 1, which is fixed on the concrete floor in the ground. The signal steering 6 is arranged on the glass plate. It is made from a 45 ° prism with a large base area. Whose totally reflecting surface serves as a mirror and deflection surface for the laser beam 7 to the signal receiver. The laser beam falls approximately 8500 mm from the main axis of rotation of the elastic axis of rotation system of the vertical torsion balance on the light-sensitive base of the photo transistor.

This catches the synchronous and coincident signal oscillation of the guide oscillation of the vertical balance with the weighing sample.

Literature / reference:

'' LEATHER STEGER, Karl, Manual of Surveying, Volume V, Astronomical and Physical Geodesy (Geodesy), J .B. ^Mεmjs' sche publishing house, Stuttgart, 1969

¹²¹ QUITO, TJ; The beam balance as an instrument for very precise weighing, MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Bristol, 3 (1992) No. 2, ¹⁵¹ RισftiR, among others, Das Deutsche Schweregrundnetz 1994 (DSGN1994), Zeitschrift für Verroessungswesen, No. 11/1998, p .368 (Using an absolute gravimeter AXISFG5-101 from the Federal Office for Cartography and (or at the conclusion station No. 23/0 of the DSGN94 in the area of the University of Rostock at a height of 1.25 m determined gravity: 9814284.53 πm / s ^2nd standard deviation: ± 0.05 μm / s ^2. )

¹⁴¹ GREGOR, Manfred, A., The precessional crust of the uniform force field of the earth - stronger than gravity, MZU-Verlag, Rostock, 1997 (This contains in a generally understandable way the maintenance of a technically usable precession force by the energy of the interaction of the earth's rotation by inert mass and earth's gravity due to heavy mass have been described by means of technical arrangements and technical processes, without going into generally unknown physical laws and physical relationships.These are not necessarily known for the technical production of a PRSZEV SIOTSPENDEL, a FELDKRHSELS ... Description of the technical arrangements and methods on which the description is based have been described, inter alia, at the following points: - Method and arrangement for generating gravitational power from the mass interaction controlled by the earth's gravitational field DE 19638726.4 AT 12.09.1996 OT 19.03.1998

- Gravitational devices for generating gravitational power - Grvai ationsrohr, gravitational measuring device, gravitational transducer DE 19641 215.3 AT26.09.1996 OT02.04.1998

-Gravitational pendulum: DE 19643452.1 AT 10.10.1996 OT04.06.1998

-Graviation scale DE 19643 50.5 AT 10.10.1996 OT28.05.1998

- Automatic power and working machine with gravitational and rotary drive and gravitational measuring device

DE 19726142.6 AT 19.06.1997 OT24.12.1998 // PCT / DE 97/01253 AT20.06.1997 OT IO.10.1998

¹⁵¹ GREGOR, Manfred, A., Atlas of the normal field strengths of the alternating force field of the earth, MZU-Verlag, Rostock, 1997

(To understand the physical mode of action of the Vertikahvaaeg, the description of horizontal components of the field strength in relation to a spherical normal surface of the earth is sufficient. The "Altlas der Noπnalfeld strengths .." contains a more detailed description in relation to an elliptical normal surface. The part of the table contains calculated normal field strengths, among others for a geographical 1 ° main network.) 6. Description of the technical process for the separation of inert mass and heavy mass using the example of a "vertical balance" for metal bodies through the course of the process and measured variables of the practical implementation

Table 1

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a mixture of copper and zinc

Relative deviation of the sum of the heavy mass and inertial mass weighed separately according to the invention from the mass of the round brass body weighed in the conventional manner with the balance: +0.61%

Table 2

30

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a mixture of copper and zinc medium weighted heavy inertial distance

Duration counted duration mass of the mass of the mass of the

Type of process / type of substance / amph- eral insertion device fabric / insertion fabric / fabric / energy

Body shape measurement tuden amplitude weight distance constant body constant body body levels

35 Size I n T ₀ , T _T , T _S Ps: Pτ> ϊ. »Τ Λ G _S , G _T m _s <h -hs -. + H _j

Column 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Unit ss - mm gm ² 8 ggg nm

Fundamental vibration

Average 3 short measurements <30 s 21.8533 60 0.364222 21.72 long measurement> 2 min 147.876 406 0.364227 21.72 long measurement> 2 min 138.402 380 0.364216 21.72

40 mean%, J ₀ 0.364222 21.72

Method according to claim 2 / measuring body. 1 mm diameter

Average 3 short measurements <30 s 22.0223 60 0367039 1.007733 148.2 21.72 20.000 2017.85 15.545 279 long measurement> 2 mm 135.068 368 0367033 1.007704 148.2 21.72 20.000 2017.85 15.486 173 long measurement> 2 mm 136.543 372 0.367051 1.007785 148.2 21.72 20.000 2017.85 15.647 136 mean 0.367041 1.007741 148.2 21.72 20.000 2017.85 15.559 196

Equivalence ratio "^" fc ü $% s mass weighed mass 0.7780

45 Method according to claim 1 / the same measuring body

Average 3 short measurements <30 s 21.9100 60 0.365167 1.002593 156.0 21.72 20.000 1825.01 4.726 -432 Long measurement> 2 mm 129.995 356 0365154 1.002548 156.0 21.72 20.000 1825.01 4.643 -243 long measurement> 2 mm 133.650 366 0.365164 1.002603 156.0 21.72 20.000 1825.01 4.745 -155 mean 0365162 1.002581 156.0 21.72 20.000 1825.01 4.705 -277

Equivalence ratio m, -m _r heavy mass, weighed mass 0.2352

Total inertia and heavy mass 20.264

Equivalence ratio m, m _τ heavy mass inert mass 03024

Relative deviation of the sum of the heavy mass and inertial mass weighed separately according to the invention from the mass of the round brass body weighed in the conventional manner with the balance: +1.32% Table 3

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a mixture of copper and zinc

Relative deviation of the sum of the heavy mass and inertial mass, which is weighed separately according to the invention, from the mass of the round brass body which is weighed in a conventional manner with the balance. +0.30%

Table 4

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a very small amount of pure aluminum medium weighed heavy inertia distance duration counted duration mass of the mass of the mass of the kind of the procedure / kind of the substance / the amph- emer time insertion device - substance / insertion substance / substance / Energy form of the body measurement loaded amplitude weight distance constant body constant body body levels

Size 'T ₀ , T _Ύ , T _S P _S , P _T G _S , G _T. m η -h _s , + h _j column 1 3 4 8 10 11

Unit gm ² g nm

| Waxing

Average 4 short measurements <30 s 21.8528 60 0.364213 21.72 long measurement> 2 min 147.865 406 0.364200 21.72 long measurement> 2 mm 146.410 402 0.364204 21.72

Mean _ 0.364205 21.72

The method of claim 2 / aluminum plate. hexagonal. 1 mm thick

Average 3 short measurements <30 s 21.8570 60 0.364283 1,000194 1984.20 0.386 410

Long measurement> 2 mm 161.011 442 0.364278 1,000216 1984.20 0.429 279

Long measurement> 2 mm 147.895 406 0.364273 1,000191 1984.20 0.378 201

Average 0.364278 1,000200 1984.20 0398 296

Equivalence ratio in _/ , m ^ inert mass, weighed mass 0.7954

The method of claim 1 / the same aluminum body

Average 3 short measurements <30 s 21.8543 60 0.364239 1.000072 156.0 21.72 0.500 1786.01 0.129 -432

Long measurement> 2 min 147.152 404 0.364238 1,000105 156.0 21.72 0.500 1786.01 0.187 -294

Long measurement> 2 min 152.249 418 0.364232 1.000077 156.0 21.72 0.500 1786.01 0.138 -212

Mean 0.364236 1.000085 156.0 21.72 0.500 1786.01 0.151 -312

Equivalence ratio ff ^ '. TH; heavy mass weighed mass 0.3027 sum Vt] s' ^ ⁿ k) inert mass and heavy mass 0.549 equivalence ratio "is""heavy mass inert mass 03805 relative deviation of the sum of the separately weighed heavy mass and inert mass from the in Conventionally weighed mass of the round brass body: +9.8%

(The larger deviation is due to the increasing tolerance due to the smallness of the sample in relation to the floating body. The weighed mass of the aluminum plate of 0.5 g is less than 0.0002% of the risky mass of the floating body of the torsion pendulum scale.) 7. Description of the technical process through functional diagram for the measuring ranges of a vertical balance

Functional diagram 1 for process example Table 1 for vertical scales

10.0 g weight at rest, the amount of substance in the fall state - technical arrangement to maintain the state: weight scale

7.4 g inert mass at rest in an unstable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state: vertical scale, upper guide area

2.4 g mass at rest in a stable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state: vertical scale, lower guide area

Plane of symmetry

7. Description of the technical process through functional diagram for the measuring ranges of a vertical balance

Functional diagram 2 for process example Table 2 for vertical scales

20.0 g weight in the state of rest of the amount of substance in the state of fall - technical arrangement for maintaining the state: weight scale

15.6 g inert mass at rest in an unstable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state: vertical scale, upper guide area

4.7 g heavy mass at rest in a stable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state 'vertical scales, lower guide area

Standard size solder deviation:

Angular momentum between the falling direction of. (g _s - 2τ) weight and direction of gravity of heavier d _γ = arctan (- -) = 19.57 ° mass (vertical deviation)

Φ = arctan (l -

Angular momentum of the falling movement of weight mass = arctan - = - = 13.25 ° 1 + - and the rotational movement of inert mass

Ratio of the sum of the field strengths and

^" = 0.2617 ^• ö _r (case) = 0.0000772 ° = 0.3" accelerations in all four measuring ranges * m 'rv magnification perpendicular deviation: rl ln ⁷ - ^• ö _γ (vertical balance)

Ratio of inert mass in the upper measuring range and of _m fl _γ (falling) heavy mass in the lower measuring range for metal bodies 0.3024 of 20 g equivalent weight ^{mass m∑} r ^ ln ^ 19.574

= 253549

0.0000772 °

the intrinsic field strength of the measured values

/ AT) ^■ 100% '-89.3%

i-h

3

9. Description of the technical arrangement by figures - explanation of the reference numerals used in the figures

Figure 1 - Main symmetry levels of the torsional vibration when performing the method according to the invention by means of elastic force bearings and friction-free rotation zones T _τ - simultaneous duration of a continuous-continuous guide vibration of the

Guide body of the measuring container with the amount of substance placed in the upper MBS container or the body to be weighed placed in the turning points of the guiding movement and a period of preservation of the mass of the amount of substance in the rotation field in the state of rest near the unstable equilibrium position and main axis of symmetry ° of the guiding vibration

T _o - period of half the natural oscillation period of the unloaded vertical balance ε - constant size of the arc angle, full or half opening angle of the half oscillation T _s - simultaneous duration of a continuous-continuous guide oscillation of the

Guide body of the measuring container with a quantity of substance ⁵ placed in the lower MBS container or a body to be weighed placed in the turning points of the guiding movement and the period of maintenance of the mass of the quantity of substance in the gravitational field in the state of rest near the perpendicular direction and stable equilibrium position of the leading vibration A _τ - arc height , Deviation of the guideway from ideal straight line between the

Turning points of the left swing and the right swing in the upper measuring range ⁰ when the quantity of substance in the MBT measuring container changes into opposite resting places

h _s - arc height, deviation of the guide path from ideal straight guidance between the 5 turning points of the left-hand swing and the right-hand swing in the lower measuring range when the amount of substance in the MBS measuring container changes into opposite resting places ε ε hs = rs _? sin— ₂ tan— ₄

J - moment of inertia of the guide body of the vertical torsion balance 0

Figure 2 - Separation of the friction-free and bearing play-free elastic solid-state rotation zones of the weighing beam of the torsional vibration balance by means of fiber bearings arranged close to one another in the vertically aligned weighing beam

DK1 - upper elastic fiber rotating body 50 "- upper secondary axis of rotation

DK2 - lower elastic fiber rotating body

0 ^'" - lower secondary axis of rotation

0 ^' - main axis of rotation

PST - rigid weighing beam (rigid profile rod) 0r ' _s - distance main axis of rotation - lower secondary axis of rotation r - distance main axis of rotation - upper secondary axis of rotation - distance center bearing holes for elastic fiber rotating body

Figure 3 - Side view of the separation of the elastic axes of rotation of the base body

Vertical torsion balance and the arrangement of the weighing containers for separate weighing 5 of heavy mass and inert mass

0 - connecting line of the fiber bearings in the outer frame of the elastic force bearing

KFL - outer frame of the elastic force bearing

1,2 - fiber bearings arranged opposite each other in the outer frame

PST - profile body, rigid base body of the weighing beam

3,4 - fiber bearings arranged side by side in the vibrating rod

0 "- top spin level

0 '- main axis of rotation 0 "- lower secondary rotation level r ' _τ - constant distance upper secondary rotation level - main axis of rotation r' - constant distance lower secondary rotation level - main axis of rotation

BK - stabilizer body, weighting body (lead body)

DKl - upper fiber rotating body

DK2 - lower fiber rotating body

MBT - upper measuring container for weighing inert mass

MBS - lower measuring container for weighing heavy mass

Figure 4 - Frontal view of the separate torque levels of the main and secondary axes of rotation of the weighing beam of the torsional vibratory balance and vertical arrangement of the separate weighing containers for the separate weighing of heavy and inert mass below and above the average rotation level

0 - connecting line of the fiber bearings in the outer frame of the elastic force bearing 0 ^" - upper secondary axis of rotation 0 ^' - main axis of rotation

0 '"- lower secondary axis of rotation r - center distance of upper secondary axis of rotation - main axis of rotation r' _s - center distance of lower secondary axis of rotation - main axis of rotation r _τ - snychronic duration of a guide oscillation around the main axis of rotation and a period of rest of the inert mass of the amount of substance in the earth's rotation field in the MBT container

T _s - snychronic duration of a guide vibration around the main axis of rotation and one

Period of rest of the heavy mass of the amount of substance in the earth's gravitational field in the MBS. container

MBT - upper measuring container / weighing container

MBS - lower measuring container / weighing container KFL - bearing frame of the elastic force bearing

BK - Holding weight of the guide body, stable holding body (lead body)

Figure 5- Guide body of a vertical torsion balance with stabilizer weight to maintain the vertical main symmetry position, laser signal transmitter, and lower measuring container and upper measuring container for weighing heavy mass and inert mass of chemical substance quantity and physical body

0 '- main axis of rotation

DKl - upper fiber rotating body

DK2 - lower fiber rotating body

ULOL - press seat upper bearing / press seat lower bearing K1, K2 - electrical contact pins

S1, M1 - locking screw, lock nut

PST1 - upper part of the profile rod (aluminum hollow profile)

S2, M2 - locking screw, lock nut

Dl, M2 - lead wires to the laser head

LE - laser electronics

LK - laser head

LS - laser beam

MBT - upper measuring container / weighing container

PST1 - lower part of the profile bar (full brass profile)

DRl - 1st spacer ring for stabilizer body

DR2 - 2nd spacer for stabilizer body

BK - stabilizer body (lead body)

MBS - lower measuring container / weighing container

Figure 6 - General view of a vertical torsion balance with a horizontally aligned

Frame of the elastic force bearing on a horizontally arranged base

0 '- main axis of rotation

1 - solid foundation, concrete floor and pillars in the ground 2 - support frame, anchored in the foundation

3 - outer frame of the elastic force bearing

4 - supports for the transparent cover

5 - transparent cover; Glass plate

6 - laser beam deflection unit; Prism, metal mirror 7 - laser beam

8 - upper measuring container

9 - lower measuring container

10 - stabilizer body; Lead body

12 - lower guide profile, guided by means of the lever bearing of the elastic fiber rotating bodies 13 - upper guide profile; mounted on the lower guide profile

14 - laser unit

Figure 7 - Overall view of the arrangement for separating inert mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical body 1 - vertical torsion balance

2 - signal transmitter and signal steering (laser unit; mirror)

3 - signal receiver and transducer (sensor array; phototransistor)

4 - amplifier, measured value memory, arithmetic unit

5 - display unit of the duration of a period of rest of the weighing sample (quartz clock 1/1000 s)

Figure 8 - Known state of mass weighing through the balance of weight through the use of gravitational acceleration

Figure 8/1 - Equal-arm lever balance with roller bearings

1 - supporting foundation 2 - support bearing with rolling cup

3 - Balance beam with roller cutting edge (cutting edge> 10 μm radius of curvature) m _a - Unknown weight mass to be weighed m ^' - Weight pieces of known weight mass r - Lever distance of the left side roller bearing for the left load shell r' - Lever distance of the right side roller bearing for the right load shell

Figure 8/2 - Schräobalkenwaaoe after W. SCHWEYDAR (around 1925 ^

1 - headboard

2 - twist thread, twist thread

3 - inclined rotary balance beam (for geodetic application) w _G - rotary balance mass (approx. 30 g) left of the thread attachment on the rotary balance beam m ' _Q - rotary balance mass (approx. 30 g) right of the thread attachment on the rotary balance beam r - low force of the left rotary balance mass when twisting the Torsion thread r ^' - Force arm of the right rotary mass when twisting the torsion thread

Figure 8/3 - Compensation scale with compensation of the weight 1 - head part

2 - end piece

3 - Compensation device: magnetic coil, gravimeter spring, etc. F - counterforce to the weight (compensation force) g - gravity acceleration, gravitational acceleration / ^^ - weight force

Figure 8/4 - Levitation balance with elastic incline thread bearing (1996)

1 - headboard

2 - incline fibers (the double fiber prevents the balance beam from rotating)

3 - Beat balance beam (in contrast to the lever balance beam mounted frictionless) m _a - mass to be weighed of a body to the left of the elastic suspension bearing m ^' _G mass to be weighed to the right of the elastic suspension bearing r - low force of the weight of the body placed on the load thread on the left load thread r '- Power arm of the weight of the body placed on the right load thread on the load shell Figure 9 - Technical use of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth's rotation field by rotating inertial mass and the self-acceleration of inertial mass to maintain the state of stable orbital movement around the earth's axis by means of separate measuring ranges and stable holding of the guide body of a vertical balance φ - geographical latitude, angular distance of the standing level of the Balance with respect to the main rotation point 0 ^'of the guide body of the mass divider and the center of gravity in the middle of the earth body in the middle of the earth equator

R _g - distance of the location of the main rotation point of the guide body from the center of the earth, for an ideal spherical normal surface R ^ = 6371222 m

R - Distance of the location of the main rotation point from the center of the daily orbit e Field strength of the earth's gravitational field in the direction of the shortest distance R- _j to

Force center for the preservation of the general mass gravity of heavy mass, normal field strength ^{[S1 of} the earth's gravitational field for any location on an ideal spherical normal surface due to the earth mass M ^ of the earth body enclosed by spherical surface of 5.97 10 ²⁴ kg and by the natural constant γ general mass attraction 6, 67310 "" m ³ kg ¹ s ² by the empirical law of general gravitation by I NEWTON (1643-1727) g _r z = -r- ^ ^JL - ₂ - _{y E} ≡ -9.814089 m / s ² ω _E - natural constants the maintenance of the earth's rotation field and the general rotation of inertial mass in the earth's rotation field with respect to the constant duration d _{E of} an earth's rotation period of 1 sidereal day of d = 86164.1s normal second of long-term ö) _E = - = 72.921150-10 s ^" rotational frequency constant of inertial mass each Earth's standard second ^d Ε.

9 ir ÜJ _E = (-) = 5.317494 10 ^" s ^~ field constant for maintaining the earth rotation field and

* E

Conservation constant of general mass rotation of inert mass

e Field strength of the earth rotation field ^'51 in the direction of the shortest (radial) distance Ä to the center of force for maintaining the general mass rotation of inertial mass with respect to a spherical normal earth surface g _ω (φ) = ω _E ² - (-R _E cosφ) z B for φ = 54, 08 ° of the orbit g _ω (54, 08 °) = -0.019875 m / s ² g _ωp - horizontal component of the meπdional field strength of the earth rotation field at the location of the balance in the direction of the longitude to the geopolitical and the astronomical meridian to the fixed world axis g _{ω P} (φ) = ω - (-R _E cosφ) - siaφ z B for φ = 54.08 ° of the orbit g _{ω p} (54.08 °) = -0.0160957 m / s ² ( Described by the mechanics as "centπpetal" acceleration) g _{∞ F} - self-acceleration of the mass point of the inertial mass of the body, maintains the stable state of rotation of the inertial mass by counter-acceleration of the same magnitude against the horizontal meridional field strength in the horizontal medial direction Earth equator as the middle level of equilibrium of the daily earth rotation and to the sky equator of the daily apparent movement of the stars through the

24-hour star day circles g _ω v (φ) = ^{: a)} _E - (- ^R _E ^C0S 'P - (- ^sm φ) ^{z B} for 9> = 54.08 ° of the orbit g _{ω F} (54.08 ° ) = +0.0160957 m / s ² (described by the mechanics as a "center" acceleration) Figure 10 arrangement for physical separation of inertial mass by tilting the plane of rotation of the guide body in the horizontal plane for the sole use of the effect of the interaction of inertial mass and earth rotation field

LR bearing frame for the outer press fit bearings and guide bearings D1, D2

MBH measuring container on the lever bearing side of the main axis of rotation for the absorption of the amount of substance during the first measuring cycle of the measuring process

MBK measuring container on the side of the weighting body for the absorption of the amount of substance in the second measuring step of the measuring process

DKl elastic upper guide body

DK2 elastic lower guide body b - bearing center distance of the inner press fit bearings and inner guide bearings D3 and D4

0 of the guide body vertical upper precession and rotation angle of the front movable bearing vertical lower precession rotation angle of the rear movable bearing: vertical precession angle of the guide body ε periodic opening angle of the horizontal torsional vibration of the guide body

Figure 11 - Regulation of the elongation of the elastic bearing body and keeping the length of the bearing body constant and keeping the main axis of rotation stable by means of a compensation device arranged in the bearing frame for the elongation and a tension force control for maintaining a constant tension in the rotating axis system

LR - storage frame

MBK - measuring container for taking up the amount of substance in the first measuring step of the measuring process MBG - measuring container for taking up the amount of substance in the second measuring step of the measuring procedure ÜB - substructure

DKl, DK2 - upper and lower elastic guide body D1, D2 - upper and lower rigid guide bearing BK - weighting body

0 '- vertical main axis of rotation SG - tendon, winding roller for the lower elastic guide body, serves the

Maintenance and control of the tension, as well as a height regulator for the turning level by increasing or reducing the length of the lower guide body that is freely movable in the inner frame part

Claims

claims

1. Arrangement for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of physical bodies and chemical substances in an equivalent unit of a normal mass, characterized by

1.1 an arrangement for the technical use of the physical difference of the various forms of resting mass in the gravitational field of the earth in the form of heavy mass, in the rotational field of the earth in the form of inert mass, and in the gravitational field of the earth in the form of falling mass

1.2 a technical design of the arrangement according to Claim 1.1, preferably by means of a rigid guide body and a friction-free bearing, whereby the physical effect of the unidirectional neutral interaction of the various forms of mass for the stability of the mechanical guiding movement of a weighable portion of a quantity of substance and for the Self-excitation of a stationary vibration movement of the guide body is to be used technically

1.3 a measuring system for the simultaneous and coincident measurement of the constant time period and the constant distance physically sharply separated observable discrete locations of the periodic ⁵ see Persistence of the various forms of mass at rest in the uniform field of the earth's different neutral fields, and independent of this fixed period and the fixed distance of the periodic turning points of the direction of rotation of the guide movement of the guide body, according to the invention can be achieved by means of a technical arrangement according to claim 1.2 that the periodic turning points of the rotary movement of the guide body of the amount of material to be weighed and the periodic transition points of a certain type of Mass in a quantity of substance in a state of its full effect due to a certain type of rest mass in the moments of simultaneous persistence, the smaller the friction, the more physically indistinguishable the more coincide of the bearing, the better the efficiency of the use of the effect of the neutral interaction by means of the bearing, and the higher the guiding accuracy of the guiding movement by means of the bearing.

2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that

2.1 the parts of the assembly are made for reducing the friction loss and increasing the ⁰ guidance accuracy without roller bearings and plain bearings of the guide movement of the moveable parts, so that no friction surface inhibits movement, and no bearing gap interferes with the transfer movement so that the bearing losses are reduced to losses due to internal friction and increases the guiding accuracy down to the nano and picometer range

2.2 a device for measuring use of the small magnitude of the effect of the neutral interaction is a characteristic component of the arrangement, usually produced by means of a plurality of elastic rotating bodies (DK1, DK2) of the guide body (FIGURE 3); This ensures that the small torque caused by the constantly changing unequal directions of the constant effect of the neutral interaction of the horizontal components of the earth's rotation field on the inert mass of a substance, the earth's gravitational field on the heavy mass of the same substance, and the earth's gravity field on Weight mass of the same amount of material with an almost horizontal guiding movement of the amount of material comes into effect physically, is not technically useless lost, but minus the loss of storage due to internal friction and dissipation remains physically effective in the arrangement in full size; since each field strength ⁵ component to another form of mass in the other direction and acts in a different size, always a mean constant small effect (FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM 1 TO TABLE 1 of the embodiment) is left connected to a technically stable guided horizontal guide the mole a body to be weighed in simultaneous periodic positions of the persistence of all material points of the quantity of material by means of a low-loss, accurate, and frictionless pivot bearing according to the invention can be used with measurement technology, for example in order to physically separate different forms of mass on this physical basis, and the sizes to physically experience a certain type of mass through a measurand of its effect;

1 2.3 a stable keeping of the guiding movement of the measuring container for the absorption of the quantity of material to be weighed is achieved technically by means of a combination of movable rigid parts, permanently stably held together by strong closing forces, permanently rigidly held together and immobile rigid parts as well as elastic moving parts by means of a pure solid body bearing and is made; In order to achieve high stability, the movable rigid part, the guide body, and the immovable rigid part, the frame body, are manufactured as fine machine components from pressure and bending-resistant metallic material of high fatigue strength, for example the frame made of semi-finished products made of an AlMg alloy, and the support profile the guide body made of extruded profile made of hard brass and of hollow profile made of aluminum; (FIGURE 5)

102.4 a self-excitation of a periodic guiding movement of the measuring container in an almost horizontal plane of the transition of various forms of mass of a quantity of substance into horizontally opposite points of persistence in the state of rest in the transverse direction of an elastic connecting part of the rigid moving parts of the guiding body which can be moved in every position over its entire length and the rigid, immovable parts of the frame body technically by means of synthetic

¹ 5 table-made plastic body is achieved; According to the invention, a friction-free main axis of rotation 0 ^'of the guide body (FIGURE 2, FIGURE 3) which is fixed in space is to be produced, which, except in press fits in the frame, has no physical contact with the moving parts and the immovable parts, so that the effect of the to produce neutral interaction transversely to the neutral fiber of the elastic solid body and at right angles to the friction-free central main axis of rotation 0 ^{′ produced in the} middle of the system of the elastic solid body, and becomes a guiding accuracy for the characteristic small rotation angle of self-preservation of the guiding movement of far less than 0.2 ° 0.003 [rad] from a deviation h from the horizontal guide movement at a mean constant distance r ~ 150 [mm] of

25 Maintenance of the horizontal guidance level and the weighing range of a substance quantity of a body of less than 300 [nm] nanometers is achieved, which is the technical characteristic feature of a high-precision bearing; The deviation h from an ideal straight-line guiding movement is to be described as a function of a full opening angle ε between their turning points by the following relationships

30 ε ε 1 h = r sin — tαn- approximately Λ sr ε ²

2.5 the elastic solid bodies, which receive the central main axis of rotation, are made of synthetic plastic with long molecular chains in the longitudinal direction, instead of metal or quartz

35 selected, specially processed semi-finished product made of high polymer plastic with long molecular chains in the solid structure, such as polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, or polyethylene fiber, is used, with which long solid bodies of up to half a meter or more can be produced with high longitudinal tensile strength and low transverse elasticity; (FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4)

2.6 Preßsitzlager receive the resilient pins of the resilient solid body, wherein in order to lower the bearing play ⁰ suppression, a high pressing pressure increased by means of a strong leverage of

Weight force and a strong compensation force of the elastic solid body is brought into effect technically; For this purpose, a lever bearing is present in the guide body, and the guide body is manufactured with an asymmetrical mass distribution; to maintain a. The press-fit surfaces made of high-hard material, such as hardened steel or ceramic, and lever bearings made of hard-elastic material, such as steel and aramid, are extremely precise

2.8 a compensation device for length compensation in order to compensate for the irreversible expansion of the soft material according to Claim 2.5 is installed in the bearing frame; In the simplest case, this is produced as a take-up roll, whereupon the elongated fiber has to be wound up by the stretching length, so that the cone angle of the plane of rotation of the guide body, which, in contrast to the pendulum of gravity, hangs only perpendicularly in the main plane of symmetry - FIGURE 1, FIGURE 4 - according to the invention can be obtained in a constant position against the main axis of rotation 0 ^' ;

2.9 the compensation device according to CLAIM 2.8, as an actuator for the maintenance of a 1 constant size of the guide force of the guide body in the longitudinal direction of the elastic solid body by a fixed size of the tensile stress is used, which can be controlled by winding or unwinding the elastic solid body, and thus adjusted;

2.10 a strong leader of the guide body is maintained in the longitudinal direction of the elastic solid body by means of an artificially produced asymmetrical distribution of the weight of the components of the guide body; for this purpose, a weighting body is mounted on the support profile, which has between 80 ... 98% of the total weight of the guide body; (FIGURE 5)

2.11 a horizontal arrangement of the frame on a fixed substructure receives a function and an action that is technically characterized by the horizontal main axis of rotation

1 _{0 of} the guide body, horizontal guide movement of an upper measuring container and a lower measuring container at right angles to the main horizontal axis of rotation, and perpendicular axis of symmetry, the stationary oscillation of the guide body and the measuring container, which remains stable with the aid of this arrangement, remains without additional artificial energy supply due to the technical use constant effect of the physical universal neutral interaction of the different

15 which automatically receive forms of static mass in the earth's gravitational field in the form of heavy mass, in the earth's rotation field in the form of inert mass, and in the earth's gravitational field in the form of weight mass due to the excited natural vibration of the guide body and the system of the elastic rotary body forming the main axis of rotation; - Horizontal main axis of rotation and horizontal guide movement with perpendicular axis of symmetry of the guide vibration are the characteristic technical feature of a vertical torsion balance or vertical balance - Figure 1; this embodiment of the arrangement described above is the technical preferred solution for the production of a device system for distinguishing inert mass and heavy mass and for separating these types of mass from the weight mass, as well as for measuring the size of the inert mass and size of the

25 heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance and physical body;

2.12 a vertical arrangement of the frame on a fixed substructure receives a function and an action which is technically characterized by the vertical main axis of rotation of the guide body, horizontal guide movement of a front measuring container and a rear measuring container perpendicular to the vertical main axis of rotation, and horizontal axis of symmetry, which

³⁰ hitfe received this arrangement stationary vibration of the guide body and the measuring container remains without additional artificial energy supply due to the technical use of the neutral interaction of the various forms of resting mass by heavy mass in the earth's gravitational field, by inert mass in the earth's rotation field, and by weight mass in

₀ _ Earth gravity field maintained automatically, this arrangement works technically like a constantly working field machine because of the lack of bond to the vertical direction in contrast to the vertical torsion balance and the easy free mobility in the horizontal plane; - Vertical main axis of rotation with horizontal guide movement and horizontal axis of symmetry of the guide vibration are the characteristic technical features of an asymmetrical horizontal torsion balance or

40 one arm torsion balance; this embodiment of the arrangement described above is the technical preferred solution for the production of a field strength measuring instrument for measuring the spatial variations and the temporal fluctuations in the field strength of the earth's rotational field.

3. Arrangement according to Claim 1 and Claim 2, characterized in that ⁴⁵ 3.1 the arrangement is a device system for measuring the size of the inert mass and size of the heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance and physical body, and has two main technical components,

3.2 a vertical torsion balance according to Claim 2.8, and

3.3 a measuring system, which typically has the following components

3.4 is a time measuring system for measuring the duration of the transition of the guide body and the measuring container with the amount of substance filled therein in opposite positions of persistence in the state of rest left and right of the perpendicular main axis of symmetry (FIGURE 1)

1 3.5 the time measurement system, for example, as an electronic short-time measurement system with a quartz clock-controlled digital time display in conjunction with a laser signal system, which increases the vibratory movement of the guide body; This means that in a few minutes the constant period of the natural oscillation of an unloaded guide body and a guide body loaded with a fabric sample with a tolerance in the nanosecond range can be measured, with this accuracy the transition time T _{o of} the unloaded guide body, the transition time T _τ des with a quantity of substance in the upper measuring container above the main axis of rotation, and the transition period T _r of the element with the same quantity of substance in the lower measuring container below the main axis of rotation is thereby known; (FIGURE 1; FIGURE 4)

₁₀ 3.6 a length measuring system for measuring the distance of a central point of action of the total amount of substance, for example the center of volume (homogeneous substances), or the center of gravity of the weight of the substance from the fixed point of rest of the continuously vibrating guide body in the main axis of rotation 0 ^' ; a manual mechanical length measuring system instead of an electronic semi-automatic length measuring system by means of line marks in a known manner

15 Marking the points of action economically, it offers sufficient tolerance down to the micrometer range for a number of applications; with this accuracy the distance r _{τ of} an upper point of action of a test sample above the lower fixed rest point 0 ^'of the main axis of rotation, (FIGURE 2) and the distance r _{s of} a lower point of action of the same test sample below the higher fixed point of rest 0 ^{' of} the main axis of rotation is thereby known; (FIGURE 1; FIGURE 4) 3.7 a signal system, an amplifier system for the signal currents, and a display system for the measured variables are further components which can be produced in a manner known per se; these parts of the measuring system mainly solve the technical problem according to the invention, the resolution of the measured variables Movement of the unloaded and the loaded guide body

25 improve, so that despite the smallness of the difference in the measured variables, a reliable measurement result is obtained; since the discrete spatial distance of the simultaneous location of the persistence of all material particles of a sample of a test specimen in one of the measuring containers in the state of rest, and the coincidentally measured greatest distance between the turning points of the direction of the horizontal vibration of the guide body is generally in the range of micrometers, one has to, um on the

³⁰ magnification in the range of millimeters or centimeters in the reading area, and thus to improve the resolution of the length measurement of the discrete distance, and thereby to increase the measurement accuracy of the arc width, the angle of rotation, the time size of the transition period, etc., at least 50 times up to 100 times magnification of the vibration quantities of the guide body

"_ Reach the display sizes of the vibration quantities; this is according to the invention by means of the signal

35

To create systems technically, for example by means of a laser emitter built into the guide body - FIGURE 5 - which serves as a signal generator by converting the vibrations of the material points into light vibrations which are easier to observe and easier to enlarge; With a signal receiver in the form of a phototransistor at a distance of 10 m on a measuring wall, 40 increases in spatial resolution by a factor of 100 can be realized (FIGURE 7); with an electronic amplifier connected downstream of the signal receiver, the way of converting mechanical oscillation into laser oscillation, and from laser light pulse into electrical impulse and timing pulse, ultimately leads to the aforementioned accuracy of the timing system according to ANSPRUCH 3.5 in the nanosecond range; (METHOD EXAMPLE TABLE 1 TO TABLE 4).

45

4. Arrangement according to claim 1, claim 2, and claim 3, characterized in that

4.1 the frame body (3, FIG. 6) of the vertical torsion balance is made from a closed metal profile made of aluminum and is approximately 70 cm long and approximately 45 cm wide

4.2 the guide body (13, FIG. 6) of the vertical torsion balance is made from a two-part rectilinear metal carrier (FIG. 5), below the elastic rotating body (11, FIG. 6), the lower measuring container (9) is mounted on the carrier, the upper measuring container (9, 6) is arranged at the opposite end of the carrier, where the laser emitter (14, FIG. 6) is located in the cavity of the carrier. is arranged

4.3 the lever bearing-guided profile piece (PST1, FIG. 5) of the carrier of the guide body of the vertical torsion balance is made from a hard-drawn solid metal piece made of brass approx. 20 cm long and 8 mm in diameter

4.4 the press seat pieces are made in two parts from an upper seat bearing (OL, Figure 5) and a lower seat bearing (UL, Figure 5), they are made of hardened steel, and are fixed to the

Carrier connected with a special aramid fastening

4.5 the lever bearing is produced by means of the press fit bearing pieces and by means of drill channels drilled through the carrier in the longitudinal direction of the carrier in positions 0 ^" and 0 ^'" (FIG. 2) arranged next to one another, the drill channels take the elastic fiber bodies arranged opposite one another (DK1 in o " , DK2 in θ "', Figure 2) on; the elastic rotary bodies are thereby pulled through in opposite directions and, in the operating state, sit firmly with their thickened end journals in the opposite seat bearing pieces with high pressure,

4.6 the asymmetrical mass distribution of the guide body is produced by means of a weighting body (10, FIG. 6), for example by means of a lead ball (BK, FIG

5), is drilled in the drill channel of 8 mm diameter, so that it can be arranged like a barrel weight on the lever bearing-guided support profile, so that according to the invention the adjustment of the longitudinal forces in the elastic solid bodies, thus the stability of the main axis of rotation, is controlled, and physically the moment of inertia J of the guide body is thus determined by the weighting body being manufactured with a weight of generally 80% ..98% of the total weight of the guide body; to fix these two screwed ring locks (DR1 and DR2, Figure 5), between which stuck after adjustment

4.7 the signal transmitter (14, FIG. 6) of the signal system is to be arranged on it by expansion to an electronically equipped guide body, preferably in such a way that the light beam (LS, FIG. 5) emerges in a straight line extension of the carrier axis;

4.8 the measuring container system is made with measuring containers (MBS and MBT, FIG. 5) which are arranged approximately centrally in the lever bearing; Thus, according to the invention, the technical method of exchanging the total amount of substance of the body to be weighed, characterized in more detail under claim 5, achieves the mean constant effect of the neutral interaction of the different forms of rest mass of the amount of substance and the different components of the neutral field strengths of the independent neutral Fields of the earth on the amount of substance must be artificially adjusted to a new size by a technically safe, reproducible process, which in turn is independent of the effect of gravity, just like those previously caused by the neutral one

Interaction has been brought into effect, so that it is technically achieved that physically, in principle, independent measurements of the constant effect of the neutral interaction are to be carried out under otherwise identical measuring conditions, that is, with the same balance, with the same amount of substance, under the same environmental conditions; A preferably technical design is an adjustable fastening, for example the carrier of the guide body is made from two carrier profiles (PST2 and PST1, FIG. 5), one of which is designed as an extension of the lever-guided carrier profile, made from a hollow profile about 15 cm long and 1 cm wide , this carries a measuring container (MBT, Figure 5), so that it can be moved together with it in the longitudinal direction on the lever-guided support profile; by means of adjusting screws (S1 and S2, Figure 5) and retaining nuts (M1 and M2, Figure 5), the adjustment is made in the adjusted end position on the lever-guided support profile

4.9 the measuring container for the maintenance of the left and right vibration of a quantity of a body in the upper guide area (functional diagram 1 or 2 for process example 1 or 2) above the main axis of rotation of the finished guide body of the vertical balance (8, Figure 6), and the measuring container for the maintenance the left and right vibration of the same amount of material of the same body (functional diagram 1 or 2 for process example 1 or 2) in the lower guide area below the main axis of rotation (9, Figure 6) each with a smooth inner surface and footprint as one 1 fixed level of the length measurement for the distance measurements according to CLAIM 3.6 is provided; the measuring containers are usually made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, or of glass

4.10 the signal transmitter preferably consists of a laser device, the laser head (LK, FIG. 5) being housed together with a laser diode which generally shines in the visible or infrared range and the laser electronics (LE, FIG. 5) in the unscrewable profile part; that has the advantage

⁵ part that the signal generator and electronics can be replaced quickly and easily if necessary without affecting the other device functions

4.11 the laser pulse (LS, Figure 5) of the signal generator the moments of the simultaneous transition of the entire amount of substance of the whole body in places of persistence in the state of rest in

10 neutral field by the turning points made directly visible at the end of the horizontal direction of the laser beam (7, Figure 6) on the collecting screen, the sharper the resolution and the more precisely measurable it is, the greater the distance the collecting screen with the signal receiver (3, Figure 7) im Device system of the mass separator manufactured in this way is set up away from the vertical torsion scale; at a distance of about 10 m

15 guide level of the measuring container of approximately 0.15 m about the main axis of rotation with the arrangement described above to an approximately 70-fold increase in the discrete distance of the material positions which remain in sharply separated rest positions in the state of the rest mass; This distance is not measured directly according to claim 1, because what is first technically difficult and can no longer be carried out physically from a certain measuring limit, but measured coincidently by means of a comparison scale, which is determined by means of the distance between the turning points of the signal vibration of the guide vibration of the vertical balance in Technically manufactured in the manner described above: by means of the largest deflection range of the laser amplitude on the collecting screen, the small discrete distance is the same as the

25 physically sharply separating into the state of rest, and for a practically immeasurably brief moment persistent in this state, the entire amount of material, to be measured directly by the horizontal propagation of the laser oscillation, magnified 70 times; In this way, a physically precise measurement of the state variables for any quantity of chemical substance and physical body that can be weighed, which can be achieved by

³⁰ different forms of rest mass can be experienced physically and measured by equivalent sizes of independent types of rest mass

4.12 the signal steering system for deflecting the signal to the predetermined receiver location (3, FIG. 7) on the measuring wall, which to shorten the signal path for a space-saving execution

_ _ of the device system, as well as for the technical manufacture of a compact arrangement of high

35

Measuring sharpness is used, by means of a totally reflecting prism (6, Figure 6), a metal mirror evaporated on glass (2, Figure 7), or is produced in another known manner

4.13 a mass dividing scale, which is produced in the manner described above, characteristically consists of five characteristic technical function blocks (FIG. 7),

401. from a vertical balance (1) with a horizontal main axis of rotation 0 ^'

2. from a signal steering system (2) for the laser signal from the scale to the signal receiver

3. from a signal receiver (3) with a derivative of the signal currents

4. to an amplifier system (4) of the signal currents, and

5. from a display device (5) for the signal pulses ⁴⁵ converted into measuring pulses and measured variables by means of a mass separator manufactured in this way are, in principle, physically independent types of

Resting mass, through the physical effects of which the chemical substance and the physical body are preserved under conditions under which the gravitational acceleration and gravitational gravity have practically no effect, to be measured directly with a measuring accuracy better than ± 0.8%, (PROCEDURE-

EXAMPLES IN TABLE 1, TABLE 2, and TABLE 3)

1 5. Method for weighing the size of independent types of glory masses of chemical substances and physical bodies under conditions of disappearance of the effect of gravitational or inertial mass acceleration by means of a technical arrangement according to ANSPRUCH 1, ANSPRUCH 2, ANSPRUCH 3, and / or ANSPRUCH 4, characterized in that

5.1 by means of a left-right vibration in the upper guide area, an unstable equilibrium state of the weight of a quantity of substance is to be artificially created, which works by the effect of the gravitational acceleration due to the heavy mass and the gravitational acceleration due to the weight, according to all known physical experience absolute security not automatically moved back to the vertical center position of the scale, but

1 o on the contrary, with the slightest deviation from it, is deflected further from the vertical position by the attraction of the heavy mass to the earth; that means, the return movement to the vertical position, so that the transition m ^' the opposite resting point, and the horizontal oscillation movement between these points is obtained in the upper measuring range by the effect of the inert mass of the amount of substance by the guide acceleration of the elastic rotary body axis system of the balance

15 and the horizontal component of the Earth's rotational acceleration; this results in the measurement method according to the invention of the size of the inertial mass through physical quantities which are to be measured in relation to the upper management level of the amount of substance, such as

(1) mean constant period T _{τ of} the simultaneous transition of all material points of the entire amount of substance of the whole body into the state of rest, the time measurement is carried out without contact, for example according to Claim 4.11 by means of half the oscillation period of the guide vibration of the guide body between the turning points of the signal movement

(2) mean constant distance r _{τ of} the center of gravity of the weight of the amount of substance added over the fixed rest parts of the guide body in the axis of rotation, the measurement is carried out for example

25 se according to CLAIM 3.6 by measuring the distance when inserting the amount of substance in the measuring container - movement quantities of the guide body, which receives the amount of substance in a horizontal guide movement, but moves itself in a completely different form of movement under the effect of its weight around a fixed axis in the earth's gravity field ; these variables can be experienced through torsional vibrations of a rotary oscillator and pendulum movements of a heavy pendulum,

³⁰ thereby certain quantities of the effect of the weight mass are known, whereby the size of the inert mass of the amount of substance can be experienced by an effect that is physically indistinguishable from a change in the period of a torsional vibration or pendulum movement in this way are the sizes of the torsional vibrator and the pendulum

". According to the invention as physically arbitrarily exactly equivalent, physically indistinguishable

To describe and measure 35 measured space-time quantities and effect quantities, with the help of which a physical, reliable determination of the size of the inert mass of the weighed quantity of substance can be obtained, and the measurement of this quantity directly in the unit of the weight mass; for the measurement of the size of the inertial mass by this method, the 40 (3) half constant oscillation period T _{o of} the unloaded guide body must be measured, and

(4) axial mass moment of inertia J _{r of} the dead weight of the guide body and the weight of the quantity of substance added in the upper measuring container;

5.2 by means of a left-right vibration in the lower guide area, a stable state of equilibrium of a quantity of substance can be artificially established, which is achieved by a higher fixed support point

⁴⁵ and the axis of rotation has the opposite effect, which can be observed in that, due to the effect of gravitational gravitational acceleration, the entire amount of substance tends to reach the vertical center position of the balance when it is moved out of this position, which means it is a reversal to experience physically the effect of the earth's rotation due to inertial mass in the unstable equilibrium state and the earth's gravity through heavy mass in the stable equilibrium state; this results in the measurement method according to the invention of the size of the heavy mass by means of physical quantities which, with the same quantity of the same substance, are physically and distinctly separated by independent measurement quantities of the effect on the lower management level of the quantity of substance. ren are, and which are to be described mathematically strictly separated by similar sizes of the effect in both measuring ranges by equations of the same shape; from this it follows that for the measurement of the size of the heavy mass it is characteristic to carry out a second measurement method, with which the following quantities have to be measured in the same way as for the first measurement method according to Claim 5.1 in relation to the lower management level of the quantity of substance

(1) mean constant period T _{s of} the simultaneous transition of all material points of the total amount of substance of the whole body into the state of rest

(2) mean constant distance r _{s of} the center of gravity of the weight of the amount of material added under the fixed position of rest of the guide body in the axis of rotation (3) half constant period T _{o of} the natural vibration of the unloaded guide body (4) axial mass moment of inertia J _{s of} the total weight of the guide body and amount of substance added in the lower measuring container;

5.3 by means of both measuring methods according to claim 5.1 and claim 5.2, the size of the heavy mass and the size of the inert mass of any weighable amount of a chemical substance and physical body by means of measured variables, which depend on the movement and effect quantities of a torsional vibration and a pendulum movement of the weight mass of the balance and the weight of the weighed body are physically indistinguishable in principle, they can be measured physically, separately, by means of a uniform technical process, which is due to the use of similar measured quantities in relation to independent measuring ranges by means of identical measurement equations for the quantity m _{τ of} the inertial mass measured in accordance with Claim 5.1 and for the size m _{s of} the heavy mass measured according to Claim 5.2 by physically certain parameters by mathematically strictly distinguishable quantities

is, and by maintaining the physically directly measured size of the heavy mass and the size of the inert mass in the metrologically independent by means of a weight balance of the choice physically directly measured size m _{α of} the weight mass of the same amount of the same substance m _s + m _τ = m _G as the unchangeably constant physical conservation quantity of the size of the inert mass and the size of the heavy mass of the amount of the substance physically determined in the manner described above can be experienced physically directly.