Trichomanes
| Trichomanes | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Hymenophyllales |
| Family: | Hymenophyllaceae |
| Subfamily: | Trichomanoideae |
| Genus: | Trichomanes L. |
| Type species | |
| Trichomanes scandens | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns.[2] The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.
The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus Trichomanes was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[1] Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species.[3] As of October 2019[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed about 70 species.[1] Other sources, including Plants of the World Online as of October 2019[update], treated Trichomanes as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.[4]
Phylogeny[edit]
Phylogeny by Fern Tree of Life.[5][6]
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Other species:
- Trichomanes anomalum Maxon & Morton
- Trichomanes aureovestitum Proctor
- Trichomanes bancroftii Hook. & Grev.
- Trichomanes bissei C.Sánchez
- Trichomanes caliginum Lellinger
- Trichomanes crassipilis Weath.
- Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.
- Trichomanes dactylites Sodiro
- Trichomanes delicatum Bosch
- Trichomanes ebiharae Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia
- Trichomanes guidoi P.G.Windisch
- Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger
- Trichomanes jenmanii Lellinger
- Trichomanes kalbreyeri Baker
- Trichomanes killipii Weath.
- Trichomanes laciniosum Alston
- Trichomanes lozanoi M.T.Murillo
- Trichomanes ludovicianum Rosenst.
- Trichomanes macilentum Bosch
- Trichomanes micayense Hieron.
- Trichomanes murilloanum A.Rojas
- Trichomanes padronii Proctor
- Trichomanes paucisorum R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
- Trichomanes pellucens Kunze
- Trichomanes pinnatifidum Bosch
- Trichomanes plumosum Kunze
- Trichomanes poeppigii C.Presl
- Trichomanes procerum Fée
- Trichomanes resinosum R.C.Moran
- Trichomanes ribae Pacheco
- Trichomanes sellowianum C.Presl
- Trichomanes steyermarkii P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm.
- Trichomanes sublabiatum Bosch
- Trichomanes superbum Bosch
- Trichomanes trichopodium A.Rojas
- Trichomanes vaupesensis Lellinger
Species formerly placed in this genus include:
- Trichomanes angustatum Carmich. = Polyphlebium angustatum (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
- Trichomanes bauerianum Endl. = Callistopteris baueriana (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
- Trichomanes boryanum Kunze 1840 = Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl
- Trichomanes boschianum Sturm ex Bosch = Vandenboschia boschiana (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
- Trichomanes caudatum Brack. = Abrodictyum caudatum (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
- Trichomanes intricatum Farrar = Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
- Trichomanes melanopus Baker = Didymoglossum melanopus (Baker) Copel.
- Trichomanes petersii A.Gray = Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
- Trichomanes reniforme G.Forst = Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Ebihara & K. Iwats.
- Trichomanes speciosum Willd. = Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel
- Trichomanes tenuissimum Bosch = Polyphlebium tenuissimum (Bosch) comb. ined.
- Trichomanes venosum R.Br. = Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (August 2019). "Trichomanes". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.30. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trichomanes". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 Dec 2012.
- ^ PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610
- ^ "Trichomanes L.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-10-06
- ^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
- ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
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