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Phylogeographic patterns of the mysid Mesopodopsis slabberi (Crustacea, Mysida) in Western Europe: evidence for high molecular diversity and cryptic speciation

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Abstract

The phylogeographic patterns among populations of Mesopodopsis slabberi (Crustacea, Mysida), an ecological important mysid species of marine and estuarine habitats, were analysed by means of DNA sequencing of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Samples of M. slabberi collected from five Atlantic and two Western Mediterranean populations were investigated. Very high levels of within-population molecular diversity were observed in all samples (mean h=0.807 and π=0.0083), with exception of the Mediterranean Ebro population which contained only one haplotype. Differentiation among populations was high, and a clear phylogeographic break was observed between the Atlantic and Mediterranean populations. Moreover, a strong differentiation was detected between both populations in the Western Mediterranean Sea (Alicante and Ebro delta), while two divergent lineages occurred in sympatry within the Atlantic Mondego estuary. The high congruence between both the COI and 16S rRNA sequence data, the reciprocal monophyly of the different mitochondrial clades and the levels of nucleotide divergence between them suggest the presence of a complex of cryptic species within M. slabberi. Estimations of divergence time between the different mitochondrial lineages indicate that a split occurred during the late Miocene/early Pliocene. Such a divergence could be concordant with vicariant events during sea-level drops within the Mediterranean region at that time. However, within the Mediterranean Sea, the potential of divergence through ecological diversification cannot be ruled out.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the FWO project G029200, the GOA BOF project (1205398) ‘Biodiversity of marine benthic communities along ecological gradients’ from Ghent University (Flemish Government of Education) and the TROPHOS project of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contract No. EV/02/25A). We would like to thank J.-C. Dauvin, A. M. Sardo, M. Cunha, M. R. Pastorinho P. D. Moyano, C. Barbera, C. Ribera and T. Wooldridge for their help with collecting and providing samples.

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  1. Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Thomas Remerie, Tine Bourgois, Danny Peelaers & Ann Vanreusel

  2. Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Andy Vierstraete & Jacques Vanfleteren

  3. CeMoFE, Center for Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Thomas Remerie, Andy Vierstraete, Jacques Vanfleteren & Ann Vanreusel

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Correspondence to Thomas Remerie.

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Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe

Appendices

Appendix 1

Variable nucleotide positions observed in the 458 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene of the Mesopodopsis slabberi and M. wooldridgei (M_woold) haplotypes. Dots indicate an identical nucleotide base, dotted horizontal lines delimitate the different mtDNA clades as observed in the MP tree (see Fig. 2). Squares represent nucleotide substitutions resulting in an amino acid change. For each nucleotide substitution the codon position at which a change occurred is indicated in the last row.

Appendix 2

Variable nucleotide positions observed in the 487 bp fragment of the 16 rRNA gene of the Mesopodopsis slabberi and M. wooldridgei haplotypes. The first column indicates the geographical origin of the haplotypes (for sampling site abbreviations, see Table 1), dots indicate an identical nucleotide base, dotted horizontal lines delimitate the different mtDNA clades as observed in the MP tree (see Fig. 4). - gap, ? unknown nucleotide.

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Remerie, T., Bourgois, T., Peelaers, D. et al. Phylogeographic patterns of the mysid Mesopodopsis slabberi (Crustacea, Mysida) in Western Europe: evidence for high molecular diversity and cryptic speciation. Mar Biol 149, 465–481 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0235-7

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