Abstract
The Arctic polychaete, Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis (Family Siboglinidae), is the most abundant symbiotic species inhabiting the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano (Norwegian Sea, depth 1250 m). Different aspects of gametogenesis, fecundity, embryogenesis, and larval development were studied using biometric measurements, classical histology, and scanning electron microscopy on specimens (n = 15) collected in July 2009 at two sites (72° 00.28′ N, 14° 43.36′ E; 72° 00.33 ′N, 14° 43.22′ E). Several cohorts of oocytes, from oogonia to mature oocytes were observed in brooding females. Embryos with 16–64 cell divisions, trochophore and metatrochophore larvae, were found, in sequence, in female tubes, from just above the tentacles to the anterior end of the tube. Trochophores had both a prototroch and a telotroch; metatrochophores had an additional ciliary band, the neurotroch, but lacked a down-stream feeding system. All female reproductive stages, oocytes, embryos, and larvae, were recovered in a single specimen suggesting the release of different batches of oocytes at least on the date of collection, which coincided with the boreal summer. Only one brooding female contained exclusively germ cells in the gonad suggesting a pause in reproduction. Fecundity was low: a maximum of 60 mature oocytes per female was counted, and if all the different stages of oocytes, embryos, and larvae were combined, a total fecundity of ~ 250–300 propagules was found in each female. This study advances knowledge of the reproductive biology of O. haakonmosbiensis and has particular significance for understanding the distribution of this ecologically important deep-sea chemosymbiotic species in the Arctic region. The new data on life-history traits are critical for modeling, and predicting dispersal potential and connectivity among cold seeps in the Arctic, which is an essential component of marine spatial management.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the captain, pilots, and crew of RV Polarstern and ROV QUEST 4000 (MARUM) during the cruise ARK-XXIV/2 (Chief scientist: Michael Klages). The initial research was funded by CHEMECO ESF EURODEEP (EURODEEP/0001/2007). We are grateful to Amandine Nunes Jorge who was on board in July 2009 to collect and fix the samples. M. Mammone was funded for her Master’s Project by Erasmus grant (EU) and by University of Lille, CNRS and Station Marine of Wimereux. A. Hilário is supported by CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019) that is funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds, and co-funded by FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020.
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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The data sets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Mammone, M., Courcot, L., Hilário, A. et al. Brooding strategy of the Arctic cold seep polychaete Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis. Mar Biol 167, 42 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-3656-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-3656-4