Abstract
Hydrothermal vents host fragmented habitats and are increasingly becoming the target of deep-sea mining projects for their mineral resources. Managing a future sustainable exploitation requires a good understanding of the resilience of biological populations to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, hence a better knowledge of species life history traits and their capacity to replenish local populations or colonise distant sites. In this context, we studied the reproductive biology and recruitment patterns of three main representative hydrothermal vent limpets of the South West Pacific back-arc basins, Lepetodrilus schrolli, Lepetodrilus fijiensis and Shinkailepas tollmanni, in relation to habitats and environmental conditions. Limpets were collected in Bathymodiolus and Ifremeria nautilei habitats at several vent sites in the Manus, North Fiji and Lau back-arc basins, and the Futuna Volcanic Arc during the CHUBACARC cruise in 2019. Population structure, gonad morphology, and gametogenesis were analysed for each species, and fecundity was analysed for the two Lepetodrilus species. Both Lepetodrilus spp. were gonochoric and displayed a sexual size dimorphism with females larger than males. Gametogenesis was continuous or quasi-continuous with all stages of oocyte development present in the gonad and a maximum oocyte size of 124 µm for L. schrolli and 126 µm for L. fijiensis. Fecundity varied between 52 and 205 with a mean of 119 ± 74 (SD) matured oocytes per female in L. schrolli and between 80 and 605 with a mean of 366 ± 183 (SD) matured oocytes per female in L. fijiensis, and was independent of the limpet size for both species. Shinkailepas tollmanni is also a gonochoric gastropod with continuous gametogenesis and a maximum oocyte size of 153 µm. For each species, size-frequency distributions were consistent with a continuous recruitment although episodic larval supply could blur the signal. There was no evidence of an influence of the habitat type nor environmental conditions on population structures.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The biological data used in this study are available online (https://doi.org/10.17882/96476).
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Acknowledgements
We are deeply grateful to the chief scientists of the CHUBACARC cruise, Didier Jollivet and Stéphane Hourdez. We thank the captain and crew members of the RV L’Atalante, as well as the ROV Victor 6000 team for their valuable work at sea. We also thank Mathilde Le Pans for her work on the acquisition of biological data. We are grateful to Thomas Broquet, Stéphane L’Haridon and Loïc Michel for their help in sorting the samples on board and to Vincent Mouchi for his help regarding the measurement of some juveniles. We also thank O. Rouxel, E. Rinnert, A. Boissier and N. Gayet for their help at sea for deploying in situ PIF and CHEMINI instrument and recovering and processing fluid samples on board. We are grateful to A. Laes for lending us the CHEMINI instrument. We would also like to thank O. Rouxel for his comments on an early version of the manuscript and the three reviewers for their comments, which have helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the ANR CERBERUS (contract number ANR-17-CE02-0003).
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This work was supported by the ANR CERBERUS (contract number ANR-17-CE02-0003). Author Camille Poitrimol PhD was funded by the ANR CERBERUS and IFREMER.
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CP, ET and MM conceived and designed the study. CP, ET, MM, TC, AV and AR acquired the biological data. CB and CC were in charge of the acquisition of chemical data. CP, AV, AR, MM and ET analysed the data. CP, AV and AR wrote the first draft of the manuscript and ET and MM commented and revised the first versions. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for sampling for the study have been followed and all necessary approvals have been obtained. Permission for sampling in Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) was issued by the Papua New Guinea, The Republic of Fiji and Kingdom of Tonga. We obtained the agreement to sample in Wallis et Futuna waters by the Haut Commissariat à la République in New Caledonia and the Préfecture in Wallis and Futuna.
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Poitrimol, C., Matabos, M., Veuillot, A. et al. Reproductive biology and population structure of three hydrothermal gastropods (Lepetodrilus schrolli, L. fijiensis and Shinkailepas tollmanni) from the South West Pacific back-arc basins. Mar Biol 171, 31 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04348-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04348-4