Abstract
The aquiferous system is an essential character of poriferans and supports their monophyly. Within the Calcarea, this system displays its greatest variety and traditionally is classified as: asconoid, syconoid, sylleibid, and leuconoid. Species of Leucascus, however, present a different type of aquiferous system composed of anastomosed (interconnected) choanocyte tubes and have an atrium lacking choanoderm. There is such confusion about the classification of the aquiferous system of Leucascus that, depending on the author, it has been classified as asconoid, syconoid, or leuconoid. Therefore, in the present work, we describe a new type of aquiferous system for Leucascus: the solenoid aquiferous system. This new aquiferous system is defined by the presence of anastomosed tubes internally lined by choanocytes and atrium without choanoderm. Although no deep phylogenetic significance has been attributed to the aquiferous system, the solenoid system raises important evolutionary questions about the variety of systems found among the poriferans.
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Acknowledgments
We are thankful to Alexander V. Ereskovsky, Guilherme Muricy, Paulo Paiva, Nicole Boury-Esnault, Jean Vacelet, and Radovan Borojevic by their comments, and to Eduardo Viaro for his help in the choice of the Greek name solenoid. We thank the following curators and researchers by the loan of type and additional specimens: S. Hoshino and R. Ueshima (University of Tokyo), C. Rowley (NMV), C. Valentine (NHM), I. Domart-Coulon (MNHN), T. Laperousaz (SAM), and J. Fromont (WAM). We also thank the staff of the Laboratório de Biologia de Porifera (IB/UFRJ), and Thiago Manchester and Emilio Lanna for their help in Scanning Electron Microscopy. Grants and fellowships were provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and the Brazilian National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq).
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Communicated by T. Bartolomaeus.
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Cavalcanti, F.F., Klautau, M. Solenoid: a new aquiferous system to Porifera. Zoomorphology 130, 255–260 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0139-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-011-0139-7