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Taxonomical diversity of benthic foraminifera in mangrove sediments: initial insight into total diversity from Malaysia to worldwide mangrove forests records

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Abstract

Mangroves are one of the most productive ecosystems worldwide and provide numerous ecosystem services. This biome hosts nursery habitats and supports a diverse range of organisms including microfauna such as benthic foraminifera. This study integrates all the available information on benthic foraminifera from Malaysian mangroves, with special reference to Penang Island mangrove forests to evaluate the overall diversity and compare with the worldwide mangrove’s records. This new compilation reveals 223 benthic foraminiferal species representing 116 genera, 57 families, and nine orders, of which only 48 species have been identified in Malaysian mangroves. These values are relatively higher than the previous records of benthic foraminifera from worldwide mangrove areas, however, are comparatively lower than other both shallow and deep-water environments. The results provide new insight into benthic foraminiferal diversity in mangroves and can be used as baseline data for monitoring and implementing conservation and restoration plans.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated and analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing the grant (Research University Grant - 1001/PBIOLOGI/8011054) to conduct this research work. We also thank Mr. Johari Othman from the Electron Microscopy Unit, School of Biological Sciences, USM for his technical assistance with the SEM images. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and editor of BioC for their kind constructive suggestions on the manuscript.

Funding

Provided by Universiti Sains Malaysia (RUI Grant: 1001/PBIOLOGI/8011054).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, USM, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Muhamad Naim Abd Malek, Khairun Yahya & Latiffah Zakaria

  2. Department of Pure and Applied Science (DiSPeA), Urbino University, 61029, Urbino, Italy

    Fabrizio Frontalini

  3. School of Distance Education, USM, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Anita Talib

Authors
  1. Muhamad Naim Abd Malek
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  2. Fabrizio Frontalini
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  3. Khairun Yahya
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  4. Anita Talib
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  5. Latiffah Zakaria
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Contributions

KY and AT developed the idea of this project. MNAM collected and sorted the samples, identified the samples, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. FF confirmed species identity and assisted in data analysis. FF, LZ, KY and AT commented and improved the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript and gave final approval for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Latiffah Zakaria.

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No animal testing was performed during this study.

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Communicated by David Hawksworth.

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Abd Malek, M.N., Frontalini, F., Yahya, K. et al. Taxonomical diversity of benthic foraminifera in mangrove sediments: initial insight into total diversity from Malaysia to worldwide mangrove forests records. Biodivers Conserv 30, 2033–2056 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02179-7

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