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Brooding comatulids from the southwestern Atlantic, Argentina (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

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Abstract

Isometra vivipara and Phrixometra nutrix are two brooding feather stars (order Comatulida) that are widely distributed along the southern tip of South America to the Antarctic. We examined 210 specimens of I. vivipara and 38 specimens of P. nutrix collected during five cruises in the southwestern Atlantic between 91 and 642 m depth. Specimens were analyzed and deposited in the National Invertebrate collection, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Isometra vivipara reaches an arm length of 49 mm long and shows two stages of brooding: in the female genital pinnules and on the cirri of the mother. In this paper, we propose that spermatozoa reach the ovary via the ambulacral groove. By contrast, P. nutrix is smaller with a maximum recorded size of 26.8 mm, and brooding occurs only inside the female genital pinnules. Here, we record, for the first time for P. nutrix, spermatozoa shape and a cleaved egg attached externally to a genital pinnule of a female. The distributions of both species and their abundances in some areas could be related to their doliolaria larval stage. In addition, we extend the bathymetric range of P. nutrix to 512 m in Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank and distribution to the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon area. We also propose mode of reproduction and developmental patterns as attributes for identification and possible explanations for their differences in distribution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Alejandro Tablado, curator of the Invertebrate Collection of the MACN, and Dr. Mariela Romanelli for providing us with the necessary information for this work. We thank the colleagues on board the B/O Puerto Deseado for assistance during the expedition. We also would like to thank Carlos Sánchez Antelo, technician of the Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo-Malacología for his assistance, support, and contributions to this work. We would like to thank Marc Eléaume and one anonymous reviewer for their valuable suggestions and comments that improved this manuscript. Finally, we thank the editors for the valuable comments. This is the contribution number 47 to the Area Marina Protegida Namuncurá (Ley 26.875).

Funding

This study was funded by PICT 2016–0271, PICT 2016–0211, and PICT 2016–01127.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo - Malacología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (MACN-CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Renata M. Pertossi, Pablo E. Penchazadeh & Mariano I. Martinez

  2. Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, 1080, Venezuela

    Pablo E. Penchazadeh

Authors
  1. Renata M. Pertossi
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  2. Pablo E. Penchazadeh
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  3. Mariano I. Martinez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renata M. Pertossi.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Author contribution

RP and MM conceived and designed research. RP conducted experiments. RP and MM analyzed data. RP wrote the manuscript. PP and MM contributed in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Communicated by S. Stöhr

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Pertossi, R.M., Penchazadeh, P.E. & Martinez, M.I. Brooding comatulids from the southwestern Atlantic, Argentina (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Mar. Biodivers. 51, 59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01194-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01194-9

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