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Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics?

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Abstract

The outbreak of diseases leading to substantial loss is a major bottleneck in aquaculture. Over the last decades, the concept of using feed probiotics was more in focus to address the growth and health of cultivable aquatic organisms. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the distinct functionality of archaea from conventional probiotics in nutrient utilization, specific caloric contribution, evading immune response and processing thermal resistance. The prime limitation of conventional probiotics is the viability of desired microbes under harsh feed processing conditions. To overcome the constraints of commercial probiotics pertaining to incompatibility towards industrial processing procedure, a super microbe, archaea, appears to be a potential alternative approach in aquaculture. The peculiarity of the archaeal cell wall provides them with heat stability and rigidity under industrial processing conditions. Besides, archaea being one of the gut microbial communities participates in various health-oriented biological functions in animals. Thus, the current review devoted that administration of archaea in aquafeed could be a promising strategy in aquaculture. Archaea may be used as a potential probiotic with the possible modes of functions and advantages over conventional probiotics in aquafeed preparation. The present review also provides the challenges associated with the use of archaea for aquaculture and a brief outline of the patents on archaea to highlight the various use of archaea in different sectors.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (ICAR-CIFE), Mumbai, for providing all the facilities required.

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  1. Nisha Chuphal and Krishna Pada Singha contributed equally to this review

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India

    Nisha Chuphal, Krishna Pada Singha, Parimal Sardar, Narottam Prasad Sahu & Naseemashahul Shamna

  2. Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA

    Krishna Pada Singha & Vikas Kumar

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This work was conceived by all authors. Nisha Chuphal and Krishna Pada Singha drafted the first version of the manuscript and Krishna Pada Singha prepared and arranged tables and figures, while all co‐authors provided valuable feedback before approving the final version.

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Chuphal, N., Singha, K.P., Sardar, P. et al. Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics?. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 1668–1695 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09778-4

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