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Intra- and interspecific comparison of protein polymorphism to establish genetic differentiation in two sympatric species of Drosophila: D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana

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Abstract

Drosophila bipectinata species complex includes four monophyletic closely related sympatric species with perfect reproductive isolation in natural conditions. Among these, two species, i.e., D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana are known to be more prevalent in their occurrence all along their distribution area of Oriental–Australian regions. Genetic characteristics of these two species have been studied by earlier researchers mainly by focusing on their chromosomal polymorphism to gain knowledge pertaining to their evolutionary trend. The present work is one step farther, as we considered isozyme variants of three polymorphic enzymes to envisage genetic differentiation among the different natural populations of these two species, along with, a comparative perusal of their certain population genetic parameters. Natural populations of these two species were sampled from eight places aligned on the north–south axis of India and were subjected to isozyme analysis. The collection of both species and the geographical locations were kept same to avoid the effect of temporal or seasonal factors on the distribution of their allelic frequency. The results of this study clearly indicate that there is intraspecific genetic structuring among the populations of both the species with a distinct steady increase in the level of heterozygosity from north to south. The evolutionary tree in the form of dendrogram depicts two genetically differentiated groups of natural populations, one for north and other for South India. Most essential aspect that has been noticed through this study is the evolutionary trend of these two sympatric species being largely similar all along the north–south axis of India.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript for its improvement. Authors are also thankful to University Grants Commission and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi for providing research fellowship in the form of SRF (2019-4830/GEN-BMS) to GS. We earnestly thank the unspecified persons who met at the flies’ collection sites as a matter of chance and helped in their possible capacity.

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi is highly acknowledged for providing financial support (Project code- 2019–4830/GEN-BMS).

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  1. Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Gurvachan Singh & Arvind Kumar Singh

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  1. Gurvachan Singh
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  2. Arvind Kumar Singh
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GS conducted experiments, collected and analyzed the data. AKS conceived and designed the research. GS drafted the manuscript. AKS revised the final version. Both the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Arvind Kumar Singh.

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Singh, G., Singh, A.K. Intra- and interspecific comparison of protein polymorphism to establish genetic differentiation in two sympatric species of Drosophila: D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana. 3 Biotech 12, 195 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03257-5

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