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Recent progress on the control and mitigation of runaway electrons and disruption prediction in the HL-2A and J-TEXT tokamaks

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Abstract

The runaway electrons (REs) during disruptions are a crucial problem, especially for the future large-scale tokamaks, which is due to the local impact of RE beams and the large thermal load on the components of the first wall. Therefore, the control and the mitigation of runaway electrons during disruption are now of special attention. In this paper, the recent studies on controlling and mitigating REs during disruptions are reviewed. The results are mainly from the HL-2A and J-TEXT tokamaks. We mainly focus on the prevailing experimental results and progress in the last 10 years: avoidance of REs during disruptions, dissipation and soft landing of RE current, and RE detection and disruption prediction. The review also discusses the direction of further developments in RE mitigation techniques for ITER and the possible pathways indicated by theoretical simulations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the teams of CNNC/SWIP and HUST for the support of the experiments and simulations. This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No.2019YFE03010001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11775068) and Sichuan Tianfu Science and Technology Elite Project (20SCWR-01). It was also supported by the Innovation Program of SWIP (Nos. 201901XWCXRC004, 202001XWCXRZ003).

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  1. Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Y. P. Zhang, R. H. Tong, Z. Y. Yang, Y. B. Dong, J. Zhang, Y. X. Zhu, H. B. Xu & W. L. Zhong

  2. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Z. Y. Yang

  3. International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Z. Y. Chen

  4. School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China

    D. Hu

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  1. Y. P. Zhang
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Zhang, Y.P., Tong, R.H., Yang, Z.Y. et al. Recent progress on the control and mitigation of runaway electrons and disruption prediction in the HL-2A and J-TEXT tokamaks. Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 7, 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41614-022-00110-3

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