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Brazilian Deep-Sea Corals

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Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity

Part of the book series: Brazilian Marine Biodiversity ((BMB))

Abstract

The Brazilian Continental Margin (BM) hosts one of the most poorly known deep-water fauna in the world, especially those referred to as habitat forming such as scleractinians and octocorallians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). In waters deeper than 150 m, these anthozoans are the framework builders for coral reefs and coral gardens. Together, these habitats host the highest diversity of metazoans on the external shelf and slope. Although only a few surveys have been dedicated to the study of these organisms in the BM, it is known that Desmophyllum pertusum (former Lophelia pertusa), Solenosmilia variabilis, and Madrepora oculata form extensive reefs especially on the southern and southeastern regions. In the same way, Octocorallia representatives, such as those of the families Priminoidae, Clavulariidae, Plexauridae, Alcyoniidae, Isididae, Coralliidae, and Paragorgidae, also have great ecological importance at the BM and are particularly abundant at the northern and northeastern continental shelves and slope. In order to set a baseline for future research, the present chapter provides a historical review of the studies of these anthozoans from the BM, including a list of all records and their geographical and depth distributions. Based on part of these records, the BM distributional modeling of these organisms is predicted using habitat suitability models, which suggest that carbonate saturation state, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and particulate organic carbon are the main factors structuring habitat suitability along the BM. In addition, a comprehensive review of the studies focusing on reproduction of the main species occurring at the BM, a key process for the maintenance and renewal of coral populations and, therefore, design of marine protected areas, as well as the human-based impacts imposed to the habitats structured by these species, are provided.

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Acknowledgments

Figures 4 and 5 reprinted from Deep-Sea Research Part II, vol. 99, Pires, D.O., Silva, J.C., Bastos, N.D. 2014, Reproduction of deep-sea reef-building corals from the Southwestern Atlantic, Pages No. 51-63, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier. We also thank Biota Neotropica and the Marine Ecology Progress Series for allowing us to use some published images.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil

    Marcelo Visentini Kitahara

  2. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil

    Marcelo Visentini Kitahara

  3. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Ralf Tarciso Silva Cordeiro

  4. Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France

    Romina Vanessa Barbosa

  5. Museu Nacional – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, RJ, Brazil

    Débora de Oliveira Pires

  6. Instituto Coral Vivo – Rua dos Coqueiros 87 – Parque Yaya, Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA, Brazil

    Débora de Oliveira Pires

  7. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida

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Correspondence to Marcelo Visentini Kitahara .

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    Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida

  2. Grupo de Ecologia Bêntica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Angelo Fraga Bernardino

  3. Ocean Networks Canada and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

    Fabio Cabrera De Léo

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Kitahara, M.V., Cordeiro, R.T.S., Barbosa, R.V., Pires, D.d., Sumida, P.Y.G. (2020). Brazilian Deep-Sea Corals. In: Sumida, P.Y.G., Bernardino, A.F., De Léo, F.C. (eds) Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity. Brazilian Marine Biodiversity . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53222-2_4

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