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Cold Biosilicification in Metazoan: Psychrophilic Glass Sponges

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Extreme Biomimetics

Abstract

Numerous species of sponges (Porifera) habituate cold waters, including Antarctic seas. Silica-based skeletal structures, including spicules and skeletal frameworks, of representatives from both Demospongiae and Hexactinellida taxons arise due to biosilicification processes. The mechanism of this special biomineralization under psychrophilic conditions remains unknown. In this chapter, the psychrophilic problem is discussed as it pertains to different aspects of the life cycle of hexactinellid sponges. New data on the vertical distribution of Hexactinellida which proves the previous analogous investigations are given, as well as new interpretation of their mortal process. A new type of deep-sea reef construction of hexactinellid sponge Sarostegia oculata is described for the first time.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly funded by the RSF Grant 14-50-00095 and 13-04-01332a. We appreciate S. Leys, A. Kahn, T. Pérez and Y. Petrenko for the help with illustrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Academy of Sciences of Russia, Nahimovky 36, Moscow, 117218, Russia

    Konstantin Tabachnick

  2. Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Dorte Janussen

  3. Physical Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Larisa Menshenina

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  1. Konstantin Tabachnick
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  2. Dorte Janussen
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Correspondence to Konstantin Tabachnick .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Sachsen, Germany

    Hermann Ehrlich

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Tabachnick, K., Janussen, D., Menshenina, L. (2017). Cold Biosilicification in Metazoan: Psychrophilic Glass Sponges. In: Ehrlich, H. (eds) Extreme Biomimetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45340-8_2

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