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Biotransformation and Detoxification of Environmental Pollutants with Aromatic Structures by Yeasts

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Yeast Diversity in Human Welfare

Abstract

One of the most important roles of microorganisms in nature is the degradation of naturally occurring or industrially produced organic compounds. Besides bacteria and filamentous fungi, yeasts are abundantly present in many ecosystems and have the ability to degrade numerous organic substances. Naturally occurring substrates for yeasts are polysaccharides, sugars, lipids or proteins, however, in environmental pollutants and xenobiotics structures with aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic components dominate. This chapter focuses on the metabolic mechanisms of biotransformation and detoxification of environmental pollutants with aromatic and partially heterocyclic structures by yeasts such as Candida, Debaryomyces, Yarrowia, and Trichosporon species. Aromatic compounds are among the most prevalent and persistent pollutants in the environment. Phenol, chlorinated phenols, methylated and ethylated benzenes, long-chain phenylalkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (some of the latter are contained in mineral oil products), biphenyl and its chlorinated derivatives, dioxins, dibenzofurans, diphenyl ethers and their halogenated derivatives as well as several disinfectants serve as examples of aromatic substrates which undergo degradation or biotransformation by yeasts. Some pollutants can be degraded completely to carbon dioxide and water but many xenobiotics can only be transformed to products many of which have unknown properties and may accumulate in soil and water. The study of these biotransformation mechanisms and the knowledge of the structures and properties of the products formed are of importance for minimising health risks to humans and animals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany

    Rabea Schlüter & Frieder Schauer

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  1. Rabea Schlüter
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  2. Frieder Schauer
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  1. Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, Delhi, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. Yeast Genetics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

    Gotthard Kunze

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Schlüter, R., Schauer, F. (2017). Biotransformation and Detoxification of Environmental Pollutants with Aromatic Structures by Yeasts. In: Satyanarayana, T., Kunze, G. (eds) Yeast Diversity in Human Welfare. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2621-8_13

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