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Triggering Mechanisms of Tsunamis in the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea: An Overview

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Historical Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula

Part of the book series: Natural Science in Archaeology ((ARCHAEOLOGY))

Abstract

The Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea are characterized by tectonic activity due to oblique convergence at the boundary between the Eurasian and Nubian plates. This activity has favored a variety of tsunamigenic sources: basically, seismogenic faults and submarine landslides. The main tsunamigenic faults in the Gulf of Cadiz would comprise the thrust systems of Gorringe Ridge, Marquês de Pombal, São Vicente Canyon, and Horseshoe faults with a high susceptibility; meanwhile in the Alboran Sea would be the thrust system of the northern Alboran Ridge with high susceptibility, and the thrust systems of north Xauen and Adra margin, the transpressive segment of Al Idrissi fault, and the Yusuf-Habibas and Averroes faults, with moderate to high susceptibility. The areas with the greatest potential to generate tsunamigenic submarine landslides are in the Gulf of Cadiz, the São Vicente Canyon, Hirondelle Seamount, and Gorringe Ridge; and in the Alboran Sea are the southern and northern flanks of Alboran Ridge. Both sources are likely to generate destructive tsunamis in the Gulf of Cadiz, given its history of bigger earthquakes (>7 Mw) and larger landslides. To fully assess tsunamigenic sources, further work needs to be performed. In the case of seismogenic faults, research focus on geometry, offsets, timing, paleoearthquakes, and recurrence, and in landslides on early post-failure evolution, age, events, and recurrence. In situ measurements, paleotsunami records, and long-term monitoring, in addition to major modeling developments, will be also necessary.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Spanish projects INCRISIS, DAMAGE (CGL2016-80687-R AEI/FEDER), FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R) and INPULSE (CTM2016-75129-C3-1-R), RIGEL (Instituto Español de Oceanografía), PAPEL (B-RNM-301-UGR18), AGORA (P18-RT-3275), RNM 148 and RNM 328 (Junta de Andalucía), as well as by the French program Actions Marges, the Marlboro cruise, and the EUROFLEETS program-SARAS cruise (FP7/2007-2013; 228344). The Secretaría General de Pesca (Spain) provided the bathymetric data from the northern part of the Alboran Sea. The IHS-Kingdom Geoscience educational license is also acknowledged.

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  1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, 29640, Fuengirola, Spain

    Juan-Tomás Vázquez, Desirée Palomino, Patricia Bárcenas, Olga Sánchez-Guillamón, Luis Miguel Fernández-Salas & Nieves López-González

  2. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, ICM-CSIC, GMC, Barcelona, Spain

    Gemma Ercilla, Belén Alonso, David Casas & Ferran Estrada

  3. Departamento de Física, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    José Antonio Peláez

  4. Instituto Geológico Y Minero de España (IGME CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Ricardo León & Miguel Llorente

  5. Departamento de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Mª Carmen Fernández-Puga

  6. Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada—Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC, Granada, Spain

    Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar

  7. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

    Jesús Henares

  8. CNRS-INSU, Institut Des Sciences de La Terre Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, Spain

    Elia d’Acremont & Sara Lafuerza

  9. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Agdal, Morocco

    Abdellah Ammar

  10. Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco

    Mimoun Chourak

  11. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Luis Miguel Fernández-Salas

Authors
  1. Juan-Tomás Vázquez
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  2. Gemma Ercilla
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  3. Belén Alonso
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  4. José Antonio Peláez
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  5. Desirée Palomino
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  6. Ricardo León
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  7. Patricia Bárcenas
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  8. David Casas
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  9. Ferran Estrada
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  10. Mª Carmen Fernández-Puga
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  11. Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar
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  12. Jesús Henares
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  13. Miguel Llorente
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  14. Olga Sánchez-Guillamón
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  15. Elia d’Acremont
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  16. Abdellah Ammar
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  17. Mimoun Chourak
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  18. Luis Miguel Fernández-Salas
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  19. Nieves López-González
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  20. Sara Lafuerza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan-Tomás Vázquez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Historical Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

    Manuel Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar

  2. Department of Historical Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

    Francisco Machuca Prieto

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Vázquez, JT. et al. (2022). Triggering Mechanisms of Tsunamis in the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea: An Overview. In: Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar, M., Machuca Prieto, F. (eds) Historical Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula. Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1979-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1979-4_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1978-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1979-4

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