Obtrandon's Blog

Didik Gunawan dari Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical dB & Ref-P
Kandungan Kimia dan Khasiat dari :
Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) – Sugra Beet, Gula Beet.

---

<>

<>

<>

<>

<>

Kimiawi dan Khasiat.

3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE Root:

No activity reported.

ACETAMIDE Root:

No activity reported.

ACONITIC-ACID Plant:

Perfumery FEMA 1-30 ppm

ADENINE Root:

Antianemic 1.5 g/day; Antigranulocytopenic; Antiviral; CNS-Stimulant; Diuretic; Hyperuricemic; Insectifuge; Lithogenic; Myocardiotonic; Pesticide; Vasodilator

ADIPIC-ACID Root:

Acidulant; Irritant; Perfumery FEMA -5,000 ppm

ALANINE Root 560 – 4,338 ppm

Antioxidant; Cancer-Preventive; Oxidant

ALLANTOIN Root:

Antidandruff; Antiinflammatory; Antioxidant; Antipeptic 30-130 mg/man/day; Antipsoriac 2%; Antiradicular; Antiulcer; Immunostimulant; Keratolytic; Sunscreen 0.1%; Suppurative; Vulnerary

ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID Leaf 316 – 3,160 ppm Root 40 – 315 ppm

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiaggregant; Antihypertensive; Antiinflammatory IC50=42 uM; Antileukotriene-D4; Antimenorrhagic; Antimetastatic; Antiprostatitic; Cancer-Preventive; Hypotensive; Immunostimulant 0.12 ml/man/day; Lymphocytogenic 0.5 ug/ml; Propecic; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 39.5 g/day/hmn; Vasodilator

ALPHA-SPINASTERYLGLUCOSIDE Root:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Leaf 321 – 439 ppm Root 0.5 – 3.6 ppm

Antialzheimeran; Antianginal; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticancer; Anticataract; Anticonvulsant Synergen; Antidementia; Antidiabetic; Antiinfarctal; Antiinfertility; Antiischemic; Antimaculitic; Antimutagenic; Antineuropathic; Antioxidant 5 x quercetin IC34=10 uM; Antiparkinsonian; Antiradicular 5 x quercetin; Antiretinotic; Antirheumatic; Antistroke; Antitumor; Antitumor (Bladder); Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach); Antitumor-Promoter; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Circulotonic; Immunomodulator

ALUMINUM Root 1 – 420 ppm

Antisilicotic; Antivaginitic; Candidicide; Encephalopathic; Pesticide

ARGININE Root 380 – 2,997 ppm

Antidiabetic?; Antiencephalopathic; Antihepatitic; Antihypertensive; Antiimpotence; Antiinfertility 4 g/day; Antioxidant?; Aphrodisiac 3 g/day; Diuretic; Hypoammonemic; NO-Genic; Pituitary-Stimulant; Spermigenic 4 g/day; Vasodilator

ARSENIC Root 0.01 – 0.08 ppm

Anorexic; Pesticide

ASCORBIC-ACID Leaf 120 – 3,696 ppm Root 50 – 868 ppm

Acidulant FEMA 6,000; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Analgesic 5-10 g/day; Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day; Antiaggregant; Antiaging 400 mg/day; Antiallergic; Antialzheimeran 2,000-6,000 mg/day; Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day; Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticataract 1 g 3x/day 350 mg/day 400 mg/day; Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day; AntiCFS 500-1,000 mg; Anticlimacteric500-5,000 mg/day; Anticold 1-2 g/man/day; AntiCrohn’s 50-100 mg/day/orl/man; AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day; Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day; Antidementia; Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day; Antidiabetic; Antidote (Aluminum); Antidote (Cadmium); Antidote (Lead); Antidote (Paraquat); Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day; Antiedemic 1 g/man/day; Antiencephalitic; Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day; Antifatigue 500-1,000 mg; Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg; Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day; Antigastritic; Antigingivitic; Antiglaucomic 2 g/day; Antihangover 1,000 mg; Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day; Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day; Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man; Antihypertensive; Antiinfertility 1 g/day; Antiinflammatory; Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day; Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day; AntiLyme 500-2,000 mg; Antimaculitic; Antimeasles; Antimenopausal 500-5,000 mg/day; Antimigraine; Antimutagenic; Antineuramidase; Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day; Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day; Antiorchitic; Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day; Antioxidant 100 ppm; Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day; Antiparotitic; Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day; Antipneumonic; Antipodriac; Antipoliomyelitic; Antipyretic; Antiradicular; AntiRaynaud’s 500 mg 1-2x/day; Antiretinotic; Antirheumatic; Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day; Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day; Antiseptic 4-8 g/day MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml; Antishingles; Antispasmodic 500-5,000 mg/day; Antistress 500-1,000 mg; Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day; Antitumor (Gastric); Antitumor (Lung); Antiulcer; Antiviral 1-5 g/day; Apoptotic 1-10 mM; Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl; Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man; Calcium-Antagonist; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day; Collagenic; Detoxicant; Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl; Fistula-Preventive; Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Interferonogenic; Lithogenic; Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day; Pesticide; Uricosuric 4 g/man/day; Urinary-Acidulant; Vasodilator; Vulnerary

ASH Leaf 15,000 – 250,000 ppm Root 7,600 – 140,000 ppm

No activity reported.

ASPARTIC-ACID Root 1,060 – 8,360 ppm

Antimorphinic; Neuroexcitant; Roborant

BARIUM Root 17 – 70 ppm

No activity reported.

BETA-CAROTENE Root 438 ppm;

Allergenic; Androgenic?; Antiacne; Antiaging; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Anticancer; Anticarcinomic; Anticervicaldysplasic; Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days; Antihyperkeratotic; Antiichythyotic; Antileukoplakic; Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml; Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos; Antimaculitic; Antimastitic; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant; Antiozenic; Antipapillomic; Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day; Antipityriasic; AntiPMS; Antiporphyric; Antiproliferant; Antipsoriac; Antiradicular; Antirheumatic; Antistress; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60 ug/ml; Antitumor (CNS)IC43=45 ug/ml; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/ml; Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml; Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl 15,000-25,000 IU/day; Antixerophthalmic; Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm; Chemopreventive; Colorant; COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml; COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml; Gastroprotective; Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl; Interferon-Synergist; Mucogenic; Phagocytotic; Prooxidant 20 ug/g; Thymoprotective; Ubiquiot

BETA-INDOLEACETIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

BETA-SITOSTEROL Leaf:

Androgenic; Angiogenic; Anorexic; Antiadenomic; Antiandrogenic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Breast); Anticancer (Cervix); Anticancer (Lung); Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant; Antifertility; Antigonadotrophic; Antihyperlipoproteinaemic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic; Antilymphomic; Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml; Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus; Antioxidant IC44=10 uM; Antiprogestational; Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks; Antiprostatadenomic; Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man; Antipyretic; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Cervix); Antitumor (Lung); Antiviral; Apoptotic; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Caspase-8-Inducer; Estrogenic; Febrifuge; Gonadotrophic; Hepatoprotective; Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day; Pesticide; Spermicide; Ubiquiot; Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat

BETAINE Root:

Abortifacient; Antigastritic; Antihomocystinuric; Antimyoatrophic; Bruchiphobe; Cardioprotective; Diuretic; Emmenagogue; Ethanolytic; Expectorant; Hepatoprotective; Lipotropic; Mucogenic; Pesticide

BETANIDINE Root:

No activity reported.

BETANIN Plant:

Antioxidant; Antiperoxidant; Heme-Sparing; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.5 uM; Pigment

BETANINE Root:

No activity reported.

BORON Root 1 – 80 ppm

Androgenic 3 mg/man/day; Antiosteoarthritic; Antiosteoporotic; Estrogenic

BROMINE Root 2 – 16 ppm

No activity reported.

CADMIUM Root 0.01 – 0.33 ppm

Hypertensive; Lithogenic; Nephrotoxic

CAFFEIC-ACID Leaf:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity); Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiadenoviral; Antiaggregant; Antiaging; Antiatherogenic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticarcinogenic; Antidepressant; Antiedemic; Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) IC50=93 um/l; Antiescherichic; Antiflu; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic 25 uM; Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=>50 ug/ml; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella; Antileukemic; Antileukotriene; Antimelanogenic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antiophidic; Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E 1/2 BHA 1/3 quercetin 30 mM 50 uMIC57=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml IC50=44 uM IC85=100 ug/ml; Antiproliferant; Antiprostaglandin; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin 10 uM 30 mM IC50=32-35 uM; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM; Antistaphylococcic; Antistomatitic; Antisunburn; Antithiamin; Antithyroid; Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM; Antiulcerogenic; Antivaccinia; Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic 2% (diet); Chemopreventive; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Clastogenic; CNS-Active; Co-carcinogenic; Collagen-Sparing; COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM; Cytoprotective; Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml; Diuretic; DNA-Active; DNA-Protective; Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol); Hepatoprotective; Hepatotropic; Histamine-Inhibitor; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Leukotriene-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mMIC50=62-148 uM; Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM; Metal-Chelator; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Prooxidant; Prostaglandigenic; Sedative 500 mg; Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l IC91=5 mg/l IC98=25 mg/l; Tumorigenic; Vulnerary; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM

CALCIUM Leaf 700 – 17,368 ppm Root 120 – 4,200 ppm

Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety; Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg; Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day; Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day; Anticlimacteric1,000-1,500 mg/day; Antidepressant; Antidote (Aluminum); Antidote (Lead); Antihyperkinetic; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac; Antimenopausal; Antiobesity; Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day; AntiPMS 1 g/day; Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day; Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day; Antitic; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Channel-Blocker; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day; Hypotensive 1 g/day; Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg; Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day; Vasodilator

CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 36,000 – 609,000 ppm Root 95,000 – 794,000 ppm

No activity reported.

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Leaf:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity); Allelochemic; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Colon); Anticancer (Forestomach); Anticancer (Liver); Anticancer (Skin); Anticarcinogenic; Antidiabetic; AntiEBV; Antifeedant; Antigenotoxic; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic 10 uM; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV; Antihypercholesterolemic; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella; Antileukotriene; Antimelanogenic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant IC50=54.2 uM IC53=200 ppmIC80=12 uM; Antiperoxidant IC50=36 uM; Antipolio; Antiradicular 10 uM 9 x quercetin; Antiseptic; Antisunburn; Antithyroid; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Forestomach); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10 uM; Antiulcer; Antiviral; Autotoxic; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Chemopreventive; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Clastogenic; CNS-Active; CNS-Stimulant 1/6 Caffeine; Collagen-Sparing; Diuretic; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Histamine-Inhibitor; Hypoglycemic; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Interferonogenic; Juvabional; Larvistat; Leukotriene-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5 mM; Metal-Chelator; NO-Genic; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Oviposition-Stimulant; Pesticide; Sunscreen; Sweetener; Vulnerary

CHROMIUM Root 0.001 – 0.33 ppm

Amphiglycemic?; Antiacne; AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug; Antiaging; Antiatherosclerotic 20 ug/day; AntiCFS 200 ug; Anticorneotic; Antidiabetic 200-1,000 ug; Antidote (Lead); Antifatigue 200 ug; Antiglycosuric 200-1,000 ug; Antiobesity; Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug; Antitriglyceride 20 ug/day200-1,000 ug; Cardioprotective; Energizer; Hypocholesterolemic 20 ug/day 200-1,000 ug; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive; Immunomodulator; Insulinogenic; Memorigenic

CITRIC-ACID Root:

Allergenic; Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor; Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticalculic; Anticoagulant; Antileishmanic; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant Synergist; Antiseborrheic; Antiseptic; Antitubercular; Antitumor; Disinfectant; FLavor FEMA 370-4,400; Hemostat; Irritant; Laxative?; Litholytic; Mycobactericide; Odontolytic; Refrigerant

COBALT Root 0.001 – 0.42 ppm

Cardiomyopathogenic; Erythrocytogenic

CONIFERIN Plant: Root: Seed:

Herbicide IC90-95=1,000 uM; Pesticide

COPPER Root 0.6 – 17 ppm

Antianemic; Antiarthritic; Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day; Antifatigue; Antiinflammatory; Antinociceptive; Antiosteoporotic; Cardioprotective; Contraceptive; Hypocholesterolemic; Immunomodulator; Schizophrenigenic

CYSTINE Root 180 – 1,420 ppm

Adjuvant; Antihomocystinuric

D-ALPHA-OXYGLUTARIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

D-RIBULOSE Leaf:

No activity reported.

DAUCIC-ACID Plant:

No activity reported.

DIOXYMALONIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

FARNESOL Root Essent. Oil:

Allergenic; Antiadenomic; Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=39 uM; Anticarcinomic (Colon); Anticarcinomic (Lung); Antileukemic; AntimelanomicIC50=50 uM/l; Antispasmodic; Apoptotic; FLavor FEMA 0.1-3; Juvabional; Nematicide MLC=100 ug/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Pheromonal; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=100 ug/ml

FAT Leaf 2,000 – 58,000 ppm Root 1,000 – 16,000 ppm Seed 28,000 – 70,000 ppm

No activity reported.

FERULIC-ACID Leaf:

Allelopathic; Analgesic; Antiaggregant; Antiallergic; Antiarrhythmic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Colon); Anticancer (Forestomach); Anticancer (Liver); Anticancer (Skin); Anticarcinogenic; Antidysmenorrheic; Antiestrogenic; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml; Antimitotic; Antimutagenic; Antineoplastic (Stomach); Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant 1/2 BHA 1/3 quercetin 3,000 uM EC50=9-15 ug/mlIC51=200 ppm; Antiradicular EC50=9-15 ug/ml IC50=116-124 uM; Antiserotonin; Antispasmodic; Antithrombic; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Forestomach); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC46=10 uM; Antiviral; Arteriodilator; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Cardiac; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Hepatotropic; Herbicide; Hydrocholerectic; Hypolipidemic; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Metal-Chelator; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Phagocytotic; Preservative; Prostaglandigenic; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM; Sunscreen; Uterosedative 30-100 mg/kg ivn rat

FIBER Leaf 4,000 – 279,000 ppm Root 8,000 – 90,000 ppm

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; Antidiabetic; Antihypertensive; Antiobesity; Antitumor; Antiulcer; Beta-Blocker; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl; Hypouricemic; Laxative; Vasodilator

FOLACIN Root 0.8 – 8 ppm

Antianemic 5-20 mg/man/day; Anticervicaldysplasic 8-30 mg/wmn/day/orl; Anticheilitic; Antidepressant; Antigingivitic 2-5 mg/day/man; Antiglossitic; Antimyelotoxic 5 mg/day/orl/man; Antineuropathic; Antiperiodontitic; Antiplaque; Antipsychotic; AntiSpina-Bifida; Hematopoietic; Uricosuric; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor

FORMALDEHYDE Root:

Allergenic; Anesthetic; Anticystitic; Antiplantar; Antiseptic; Antiviral; Fungicide; Irritant; Mutagenic; Neoplastic; Pesticide; Scolicide

GABA Root:

Analeptic; Anticephalagic; Anticerebrotic; Antichoreic 1-32 g/man/day; Anticonvulsant 4,120 mg/kg ipr mus; Antihypertensive 1,000-4,000 mg/man/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilethargic; Antistress; Antitinnitic; Anxiolytic; Cardiovascular 208 ivn dog; CNS-Inhibitor 0.1 mg/kg ivn cat 100 mg/kg ivn dog 2,500 mg/kg scu mus; Diuretic 1,500-4,000 mg/man/day; Hypotensive 1,000-4,000 mg/day; Neuroinhibitor; Neurotoxic (to birds); Neurotransmitter; Sedative; Tranquilizer

GALACTOSE Root:

Sweetener 0.32 x sucrose

GLUCOSE Root:

Acetylcholinergic; Antiedemic; Antihepatotoxic; Antiketotic; Antivaricose; Hyperglycemic; Memory-Enhancer

GLUTAMIC-ACID Root 3,930 – 30,994 ppm

Antialkali? 500-1,000 mg/day/orl/man; Antiepileptic; Antihyperammonemic; Antilithic; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x/day; Antiretardation; Anxiolytic; Neurotoxic

GLUTARIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

GLYCINE Root 290 – 2,287 ppm

Antiacid; Antialdosteronic; Antidote (Hypoglycin-A); Antiencephalopathic; Antigastritic; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x/day; Antipruritic; Antisickling; Antiulcer; Cancer-Preventive; Neuroinhibitor; Uricosuric

GLYCOCEREBROSIDE Root:

No activity reported.

GLYOXALIC-ACID Sprout Seedling:

No activity reported.

GUANINE Root:

Essential

GUANOSINE Root:

No activity reported.

HETEROXANTHIN Root:

No activity reported.

HEXOSANS Root:

No activity reported.

HISTIDINE Root 200 – 1,577 ppm

Antiarteriosclerotic; Antinephritic; Antioxidant; Antiulcer; Antiuremic; Essential; Oxidant

HOMOGENTISINIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

HYDANTOIN Sprout Seedling:

No activity reported.

HYDROCAFFEIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

HYPOXANTHIN Root:

No activity reported.

INVERTASE Root:

No activity reported.

IRON Leaf 7 – 392 ppm Root 5 – 165 ppm

Antiakathisic; Antianemic; Anticanker; Anticheilitic; Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl; Prooxidant

ISOLEUCINE Root 440 – 3,470 ppm

Antiencephalopathic?; Antipellagric; Essential

KAEMPFEROL Plant:

11B-HSD-Inhibitor; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM; Antiaflatoxin IC50=3.28 ppm IC50=8.73 uM; Antiaggregant 30 uM; Antiallergic; Antibacterial 20 ug/ml; Anticancer; Antifertility 250 mg/kg/day/60 days/orl rat; Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml; Antiherpetic 23-92 ug/ml; Antihistaminic; Antiimplantation; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg 200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml; Antilymphocytic; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM; Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin IC50=1.2 ug/ml IC50=40 uM; Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml; Antiplaque; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antiseptic 20 ug/ml; Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antiviral 23-92 ug/ml; Apoptotic 60 uM; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Choleretic; Copper-Chelator; COX-2-Inhibitor; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20; Cytotoxic; Diaphoretic?; Diuretic; Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l EC50=0.56 uM; Fungicide 20 ug/ml; Hepatoprotective IC50=1.30 ppm IC50=5.46 uM; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml; Hypotensive; ICAM-1-Inhibitor; iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM IC50=<15 uM; Inotropic; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor; JNK-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; MAO-Inhibitor; Mutagenic; Natriuretic; Neuroprotective; NO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM; PAF-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Protisticide; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM; Teratologic; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.99 uM; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=230 uM; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l; Vasodilator

KAEMPFEROL-GLYCOSIDE Leaf:

No activity reported.

KILOCALORIES Leaf 210 – 3,310 /kg Root 430 – 3,610 /kg

No activity reported.

L-ARABINOSE Root:

No activity reported.

LEAD Root 0.01 – 3.5 ppm

No activity reported.

LEUCINE Root 630 – 4,968 ppm

Antiencephalopathic; Essential

LINOLEIC-ACID Root 460 – 3,628 ppm

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiacne; Antialopecic; Antianaphylactic; Antiandrogenic; Antiarteriosclerotic; Antiarthritic; Anticoronary; Antieczemic; Antifibrinolytic; Antigranular; Antihistaminic; Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM; Antileukotriene-D4; Antimenorrhagic; AntiMS; Antiprostatitic; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Comedolytic; Hepatoprotective; Hypocholesterolemic; Immunomodulator; Insectifuge; Metastatic; Nematicide; Propecic

LITHIUM Root 0.36 – 0.6 ppm

Antidepressant; Antihyperthyroid; Antimanic; AntiPMS; Antipsychotic; Antischizophrenic; Antiviral; Cholinergic; Deliriant; Natriuretic; Nephrotoxic

LYSINE Root 530 – 4,180 ppm

Antialkalotic; Antiherpetic 0.5-3 g/day; Essential; Hypoarginanemic 250 mg/kg

MAGNESIUM Root 130 – 4,200 ppm

Antiaggregant 400 mg/day; Antialcoholic; Antianginal; Antianorectic; Antianxiety; Antiarrhythmic; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticephalagic; AntiCFS; Anticlimacteric 500-750 mg/day; Anticonvulsant; Anticoronary 400 mg/day; Antidepressant; Antidiabetic 400-800 mg/man/day; Antidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4 x/day; Antiendometriotic 500 mg/day; Antienterotic; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antifatigue; Antifibromyalgic 200-300 mg 3x/day; Antigastrotic; Antiglaucomic; Antihyperkinetic; Antihypertensive; Antihypoglycemic; Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4 x/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilithic; AntiLyme 400-1,000 mg; Antimastalgic; Antimenopausal 500-750 mg/day; Antimigraine 200 mg/day/man; Antimitral-valve-prolapse; AntiMS; Antinephrolytic; Antineurotic; Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000 mg/day/wmn/orl; Antiplaque 500-1,000 mg/day; AntiPMS 400-800 mg/day/wmn orl 400-800 mg/day/wmn/orl; AntiRaynaud’s 280-350 mg/day; Antiretinopathic 400 mg/day; Antispasmodic; Antispasmophilic 500 mg/day; Antistress 500-750 mg/day; Antistroke 400 mg/day; Antisyndrome-X 400 mg/man/day; Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/day; Calcium-Antagonist; Cardioprotective; CNS-Depressant; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic 400 mg/day; Hypotensive 260-500 mg/day; Immunomodulator; Insulinogenic 400 mg/day; Laxative 300-500 mg/day; Litholytic; Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day; Neurotransmitter; Tranquilizer 500-750 mg/day; Uterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day; Vasodilator

MANGANESE Root 3 – 90 ppm

Antialcoholic; Antianemic; Antiarthritic; Antidiabetic 10-30 mg/man/day 3-5 mg/day; Antidiscotic; Antidyskinetic; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antiosteoporotic; Antiototic; Antioxidant; AntiPMS; Antisyndrome-X 10-30 mg/man/day; Hypoglycemic

MELILOTIC-ACID Root:

Antiulcerogenic

MERCURY Root 0.016 ppm;

Nephrotoxic

METHIONINE Root 170 – 1,341 ppm

Anticataract; Antidote (Acetaminophen) 10 g/16hr/man/orl; Antidote (Paracetamol); Antieczemic; Antihepatotic; Antioxidant; Antiparkinsonian 1-5 g/day; Cancer-Preventive; Emetic; Essential; Glutathionigenic; Hepatoprotective; Lipotropic; Urine-Acidifier 200 mg/3x/day/man/orl; Urine-Deodorant

MOLYBDENUM Root:

Anticancer (Esophagus)?; Antitumor (Esophagus)?

MUFA Root 270 – 2,219 ppm

Allergenic; Anemiagenic; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM; Antileukotriene-D4; Cancer-Preventive; Choleretic 5 ml/man; Dermatitigenic; FLavorFEMA 1-30; Hypocholesterolemic; Insectifuge; Irritant; Percutaneostimulant; Perfumery

NEOBETANIN Plant:

No activity reported.

NIACIN Leaf 4 – 68 ppm Root 2 – 32 ppm

Allergenic; Antiacrodynic; Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day; Antialzheimeran; Antiamblyopic; Antianginal; Anticataract; Antichilblain; Anticonvulsant 3 g/day; Antidementia; Antidermatitic; Antidiabetic; Antidysphagic; Antiepileptic; Antihangover 50 mg; Antihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day; Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day; Antiinsomnic 1 g/day; AntiLyme 50 mg/day; AntiMeniere’s; Antineuralgic; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day; Antipellagric; AntiRaynaud’s 1,500-4,000 mg/day; Antiscotomic; Antispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day; Antivertigo; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Circulotonic; Fibrinolytic; Hepatoprotective; Hepatotoxic; Hypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg 3x/day; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic; Sedative; Serotoninergic; Vasodilator

NICKEL Root 2.5 ppm;

Antiadrenalinic; Anticirrhotic?; Insulin-Sparing

NITROGEN Root 2,600 – 35,830 ppm

No activity reported.

OLEANOLIC-ACID-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE Root:

No activity reported.

OLEIC-ACID Root 270 – 2,129 ppm

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Allergenic; Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Anemiagenic; Antialopecic; Antiandrogenic; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM; Antileukotriene-D4; Cancer-Preventive; Choleretic 5 ml/man; Dermatitigenic; FLavor FEMA 1-30; Hypocholesterolemic; Insectifuge; Irritant; Percutaneostimulant; Perfumery; Propecic

ORNITHINE Root:

Anticholesteremic; Antidote (Ammonia); Antiencephalopathic; Hypoammonemic; Hypoarginanemic

OXALIC-ACID Root 404 ppm;

Acaricide; Antiseptic; CNS-Paralytic; Fatal; Hemostatic; Irritant; Pesticide; Renotoxic; Varroacide

OXYCITRONIC-ACID Root:

No activity reported.

P-COUMARIC-ACID Plant:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity); Allelopathic; Antibacterial; Anticlastogen; Antifertility; Antihepatotoxic; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml; Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant 1/3 BHA IC24=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Antitumor; Cancer-Preventive; Chemopreventive; Choleretic; Cytotoxic; Diaphoretic?; Fungicide; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5 mM; Pesticide; Prostaglandigenic; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650 uM

P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Root:

Antibacterial; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant; Antiradicular; Antisickling 10.5 ug/ml; Cancer-Preventive; Fungistat EC50=607 ug/ml; Immunosuppressant; Pesticide; Phytoalexin; Prostaglandigenic; Secretogogue; Ubiquiot

PALMITIC-ACID Root 210 – 1,656 ppm

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antialopecic; Antiandrogenic; Antifibrinolytic; Antioxidant IC40=60; FLavor FEMA 1; Hemolytic; Hypercholesterolemic; Lubricant; Nematicide; Pesticide; Propecic; Soap

PANTOTHENIC-ACID Root 1.5 – 11.8 ppm

Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day; Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/day; Anticephalagic; Anticlaudificant?; Antidermatitic; Antifatigue; Antihypercholesterolemic300 mg/meal; Antiielus?; Antiinsomniac?; Antirheumatitic?; Cancer-Preventive

PENTOSANS Root:

No activity reported.

PHENYLALANINE Root 420 – 3,312 ppm

AntiADD 587 mg/day/orl; Antidepressant 50-4,000 mg/day/man; Antiparkinsonian 200-500 mg/day/man; Antisickling 690 ug/ml; Antivitiligic 100 mg/kg/day/orl/man; Monoamine-Precursor; Tremorigenic 1,600-12,600 mg/man/day

PHOSPHORUS Leaf 290 – 5,946 ppm Root 260 – 45,580 ppm

Antiosteoporotic; Anxiolytic; Immunostimulant; Osteogenic

PHYTOSTEROLS Root 250 – 1,972 ppm

Antiprostatotic; Hypocholesterolemic

POTASSIUM Leaf 4,380 – 61,798 ppm Root 3,033 – 50,000 ppm

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; Antiarrhythmic; Antidepressant; Antifatigue; Antihypertensive; Antispasmodic; Antistroke; Anxiolytic; Beta-Blocker; Cardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mg; Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day; Diuretic; Hypotensive; Vasodilator

PRAEBETANINE Root:

No activity reported.

PROLINE Root 380 – 2,997 ppm

No activity reported.

PROTEIN Leaf 16,000 – 270,000 ppm Root 12,850 – 143,000 ppm Seed 110,000 – 150,000 ppm

No activity reported.

PROTOPORPHYRIN Root:

No activity reported.

PUFA Root 500 – 3,943 ppm

Antiacne; Antieczemic; AntiMS; Antipolyneuritic

QUERCETIN Plant:

11B-HSD-Inhibitor; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=4; Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC70-96=10 uM; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM 4 ug/ml IC50=0.344 uM IC50=0.84 ug/ml cow; Allelochemic IC82=1 mM; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiaflatoxin IC50=25 uM IC50=7.5 ppm; Antiaggregant 30 uM IC50=55 uM; Antiaging; Antiallergic IC50=14 uM; Antialzheimeran; Antianaphylactic; Antiangiogenic; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticarcinomic (Breast) IC50=1.5 uM; Anticariogenic ID50=120 ug/ml; Anticataract; Anticolitic 400 mg/man/3x/day; Anticomplementary; AntiCrohn’s; Anticystitic 1,000 mg/day/4 weeks; Antidepressant; Antidermatitic; Antidiabetic; AntielastaseIC50=0.8 ug/ml; Antiencephalitic; Antiescherichic; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet; Antifibrosarcomic; Antiflu; Antigastric; Antigonadotropic; AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/ml; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 48-150 ug/ml; Antihistaminic IC50=<10 uM; AntiHIV; Antihydrophobic; Antihypertensive; Antiinflammatory 20-150 mg/kg; Antileishmanic IC50=64; Antileukemic 5.5-60 uM IC50=10 uM IC50=>10 ug/ml; Antileukotriene; Antilipoperoxidant IC67=50; Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4 ug/ml; Antimelanomic; Antimetastatic; Antimutagenic ID50=0.62 ug/ml ID50=2-5 nM; Antimyocarditic; Antinitrosaminic; Antinociceptive; Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. E ED50=2.3 uM IC47=10 uM IC96=300 ppm; Antipancreatitic; Antiperiodontal; Antiperistaltic; Antipermeability; Antiperoxidant; Antipharyngitic; Antiplaque; Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64; AntiPMS500 mg/2x/day/wmn; Antipodriac; Antipolio; Antiproliferant 10 nM; Antiprostanoid; Antiprostatitic; Antipsoriac; Antiradicular IC50=4.6 uM; Antispasmodic; Antistreptococcic ID50=120 ug/ml; Antithiamin; Antithrombic; Antitrypanosomic IC50=13; Antitumor 10 uM; Antitumor (Bladder); Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Ovary); Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer; Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml IC50=10 uM; Apoptotic 20-60 uM; ATPase-Inhibitor; Bacteristat 10 mg/ml; Bradycardiac; Calmodulin-Antagonist; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Capillariprotective; Carcinogenic 40,000 ppm (diet) mus; Catabolic; COMT-Inhibitor; Copper-Chelator; COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor; Cytotoxic ED50=70 ug/ml IC82=100 ug/ml; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Diaphoretic?; Differentiator 5.5 uM; Estrogenic 10% genistein; Fungicide; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml; Hemostat; Hepatomagenic 5,000 ppm (diet) rat; Hepatoprotective; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1 ug/ml; Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kg orl rat; iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=20 uM; Inotropic; Insulinogenic; Juvabional; Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=1.25 mM IC50=0.1-5 uM; MAO-A-Inhibitor; Mast-Cell-Stabilizer; Metal-Chelator (Copper); Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM; Mutagenic; NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor; NEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM; Neuroprotective 5-25 uM; NF-kB-Inhibitor; NO-Inhibitor IC50=20 uMIC>50=125 uM; NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uM; P450-Inducer 5 uM; P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM; Pesticide; PGE2-Inhibitor; Phospholipase-Inhibitor; Plasmodicide; Proliferant; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor; PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uM; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uM 6 uM; Teratologic; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.11 uM; Topoisomerase-I-InhibitorIC50=12.8 ug/ml IC50=42 uM; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9 ug/ml IC50=23-40 uM; Tumorigenic 0.1% diet orl rat/yr; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=70 uM; Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor; Vasodilator; VEGF-Inhibitor; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 3.1 uM IC50=10.6 ug/ml IC50=>0.4 ug/ml

QUERCETIN-GLUCOSIDE Leaf:

No activity reported.

QUINIC-ACID Leaf:

Choleretic

RAFFINOSE Root:

Flatugenic

RAPHANOL Plant: Root: Seed:

No activity reported.

RIBOFLAVIN Leaf 1.7 – 26 ppm Root 0.2 – 3.9 ppm

Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl; Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day; Anticataract 15 mg/day; Anticephalagic; Anticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/day; Anticheilitic; Antidecubitic; Antiglossitic; Antikeratitic; AntiLyme 50 mg/day; Antimigraine; Antioxidant; Antipellagric; Antiphotophobic; Cancer-Preventive

RUBIDIUM Root 0.76 – 32 ppm

No activity reported.

SALICYLIC-ACID Root:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 724.6 uM; Analgesic; Antiarthritic; Antibacterial; Antidandruff; Antidermatotic; Antieczemic; Antiichthyosic; Antiinflammatory; Antineuralgic; Antioncychomycotic; Antioxidant; Antiperiodic; Antipodagric; Antipsoriac; Antipyretic; Antirheumatic; Antiseborrheic; Antiseptic; Antitumor; Antitympanitic; Cancer-Preventive; Comedolytic; COX-2-Inhibitor; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Dermatitigenic; Fungicide MIC 1,000 ug/ml; Hypoglycemic; Insectifuge; Keratolytic; Pesticide; Thermogenic 130 ppm; Tineacide; Ulcerogenic

SEDOHEPTULOSE Leaf:

No activity reported.

SELENIUM Root:

Analgesic 200 ug/day; Anorexic; Antiacne; Antiaggregant; Antiangiogenic 2 uM 230 ug/kg orl rat; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticataract 400 ug/day; Anticirrhotic; Anticlimacteric 200 ug/day; Anticoronary; Antidandruff; Antidepressant; Antidote (Mercury); Antifibrotic 400 ug; Antigout 200 ug; AntiHIV; Antikeshan; Antileukemic 1.6 mg/kg ipr mus; Antileukotriene; Antimaculitic; Antimelanomic 480 ug/kg; Antimenopausal 200 ug/day; Antimetastatic 480 ug/kg; Antimyalgic 200 ug/day; AntiNF-kB; Antiosteoarthritic; Antioxidant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; Antiparkinsonian 200-400 ug/day; Antiproliferant 2 uM; Antiradicular 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; Antirheumatic; Antisyndrome-X; Antitumor; Antitumor (brain) 38-150 ug/kg; Antitumor (Breast) 0.8 mg/kg scu mus 150 ug/kg diet rat 230 ug/kg orl rat 333.6 ug/day; Antitumor (Lung) 240 ug/kg diet; Antitumor (Prostate); Antiulcerogenic; Anxiolytic; AP-1-Inhibitor 2-50 uM; Apoptotic; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective200 ug/day; Depressant; Fungicide; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; NF-kB-Inhibitor; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor; Prostaglandin-Sparer; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=2-50 uM; VEGF-Inhibitor

SERINE Root 540 – 4,259 ppm

Cancer-Preventive

SFA Root 220 – 1,735 ppm

No activity reported.

SILICON Root 1 – 83 ppm

Antiarteriosclerotic; Antionychyotic; Antiosteoporotic; Cardioprotective

SODIUM Leaf 1,300 – 16,571 ppm Root 590 – 6,705 ppm

Hypertensive

STEARIC-ACID Root 10 – 79 ppm

5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Cosmetic; FLavor FEMA 2-4,000; Hypocholesterolemic; Lubricant; Perfumery; Propecic; Suppository

STRONTIUM Root 16 – 70 ppm

No activity reported.

SUCROSE Root 270,000 ppm;

Aggregant; Antihiccup 1 tsp; Antiophthalmic; Antioxidant; Atherogenic; Collyrium; Demulcent; Flatugenic; Hypercholesterolemic; Preservative; Sweetener 1 x sucrose; Triglycerigenic; Uricogenic; Vulnerary

SULFUR Root 130 – 2,000 ppm

Acarifuge; Antiacne; Antiarthritic; Antidandruff; Antigrey; Antiosteoarthritic; Antiseborrheic; Antiseptic; Comedogenic; Keratolytic; Laxative; Parasiticide; Pesticide; Scabicide

SYRINGIC-ACID Root:

Allelopathic; Antioxidant 1/3 BHA IC39=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC10-70=100-200 ug/ml; Antiradicular EC50=5.5-8 ug/ml; Ubiquiot

TARTARIC-ACID Root:

Acidifier; Additive; Antioxidant Synergist; FLavor FEMA 500-10,000; Irritant; Sequestrant

THIAMIN Leaf 0.6 – 14 ppm Root 0.1 – 2.4 ppm

Analgesic 1-4 g/day; Antialcoholic 50-100 mg/day; Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg/day; Antianorectic; Antibackache 1-4 g/day; Antiberiberi; Anticanker; Anticardiospasmic; Anticataract; Anticolitic; Antidecubitic; Antideliriant; Antidementia; Antidyspeptic; Antiencephalopathic; Antifatigue; Antigastritic; Antihangover 50 mg; Antiheartburn; Antiherpetic; AntiLyme; Antimigraine; Antimyocarditic; Antineuralgic 1-4 g/day; Antineurasthenic; Antineuritic; Antineuropathic 50 mg; Antipoliomyelitic; Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day; Neuroprotective; Pesticide

THREONINE Root 440 – 3,470 ppm

Antioxidant?; Antiulcer; Essential; FLavor FEMA 1,000

TIN Root 0.8 – 2.8 ppm

Antiacne; Antibacterial; Pesticide; Taenicide

TITANIUM Root 0.5 – 9.8 ppm

No activity reported.

TRICARBALLYL-ACID Leaf:

No activity reported.

TRYPTOPHAN Root 170 – 1,341 ppm

Analgesic 750 mg/4x/day/orl/man; Antianxiety 500-1,000 mg/meal; Antidementia 3 g/day; Antidepressant 1-3 g/3x/day/orl/man; Antidyskinetic 2-8 g/orl/wmn/day; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac 1-3 g/day; Antimanic 12 g/man/day/orl; Antimenopausal 6 g/day; Antimigraine 500 mg/man/4x/day; Antioxidant 125 ug/ml; Antiparkinsonian 2 g 3 x/day; Antiphenylketonuric; Antiprostaglandin 250 pg/ml; Antipsychotic 12 g/man/day; Antirheumatic; Antiscoliotic; Carcinogenic; Essential; Hypnotic; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive 3 g/day; Insulinase-Inhibitor; Insulinotonic; Monoamine-Precursor; Prolactinogenic; Sedative 3-10 g/man/day; Serotoninergic 6-12 g/day/orl/man; Tumor-Promoter

TYROSINE Root 350 – 2,760 ppm

Antidepressant?; Antiencephalopathic; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/kg/day; Antiphenylketonuric; Antiulcer 256 mg scu 400 mg/kg ipr rat; Cancer-Preventive; Monoamine-Precursor

VALINE Root 520 – 4,100 ppm

Antiencephalopathic; Essential; FLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000

VANILLIC-ACID Leaf:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM/l; Allelopathic; Anthelmintic; Antibacterial 1.5-15 mg/ml; Anticancer; Antifatigue; Antiinflammatory; AntileukemicIC50=25-56 ug/ml; Antioxidant 1/3 BHA IC21=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC15-65=100-200 ug/ml; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antiseptic; Antisickling; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Ascaricide; Cancer-Preventive; Choleretic; Fungicide; Immunosuppressant; Laxative; Pesticide; Ubiquiot

VANILLIN Root:

Allelochemic IC50=4.26 mM; Allergenic; Antianemic; Anticancer; Antidrepanocytic; Antiescherichic 10-100 mmol/l; Antilactobacillic; Antilisteria; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant =ascorbic acid; Antipolio; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antisickling; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiviral; Antiyeast8-30 mM; Bacteristat 10-40 mmol/l; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide 8-20 mM; Choleretic; FLavor FEMA 50-20,000; Fungicide; Immunosuppressant; Insectifuge?; Irritant; Perfumery; Pesticide

VIT-B-6 Root 0.5 – 3.6 ppm

No activity reported.

VULGAXANTHIN-I Plant:

No activity reported.

VULGAXANTHIN-II Plant:

No activity reported.

WATER Leaf 864,000 – 926,000 ppm Root 865,000 – 881,340 ppm

No activity reported.

XYLOSE Leaf:

Antidiabetic; Diagnostic; Dye

ZINC Root 3 – 70 ppm

ACE-Inhibitor; Analgesic; Antiacne 135 mg/day; Antiacrodermatitic 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd; Antialcoholic; Antialopecic; Antialzheimeran 50 mg/day; Antiangiogenic; Antianorexic; Antiarthritic 50 mg/3x/day/orl/man; AntiBPH 25-60 mg/day; Anticanker 100 mg/day; Anticataract 30 mg/day; Anticoeliac; Anticold 50 mg; Anticolitic; Anticoronary 30 mg/day; AntiCrohn’s; Antidandruff; Antidementia; Antidiabetic; Antidote (Cadmium); Antidysgeuzic; Antieczemic 150 mg/day; Antiencephalopathic; Antiepileptic 100 mg/day; Antifibrotic 30 mg; Antifuruncular 45 mg/3x/day/man; Antihangover 15 mg; Antiherpetic? 25-60 mg/day; AntiHIV; Antiimpotence; Antiinfective 50 mg/day; Antiinfertility 60 mg/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilepric; Antileukonychic; Antilymphomic; Antimaculitic; Antimetastatic; Antineuropathic; Antinyctalopic; Antiobesity 30 mg/day; Antiosteoporotic; Antiperiodontitic; Antiplaque; Antiprolactin; Antiprostatitic 50 mg/man/day/orl; Antirheumatic; Antiseptic 50 mg/day; Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day; Antistomatitic 50 mg/man/3x/day; Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day; Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day; Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day; Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man88 mg/rat/day/15 days; Antiviral?; Astringent; Collagenic; Copper-Antagonist; Deodorant; Detoxicant (Alcohol); Ergogenic; Hypotensive 30 mg/day; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Immunosuppressant 300 mg/day/6 wks/orl/man; Insulinogenic 30 mg/day; Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day; Mucogenic; NF-kB-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Spermigenic 60 mg/day; Testosteronigenic; Trichomonicide; Vulnerary

ZIRCONIUM Plant:

No activity reported.

---

ppm = parts per million
tr = trace