Dust is a health hazard producing after a variable period of exposure, a lung disease known as pneumoconiosis. Its main types are silicosis, anthracosis, byssinosis, bagassosis asbastosis, farmer's lung disease.
2. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE OCCUR AS
THE RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL OR
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN WORK
PLACE WHICH ARE PREDOMINANT AND
ESSENTIAL IN CAUSATION OF OD
3. OD occur exclusively
among workers exposed
to specific hazards
In some instances these may also
occur among general community as a
consequence of contamination of
environment from work place . Ex
lead, pesticides
Other factors such as individual
susceptibility may play role in
development of disease among
exposed workers
7. Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease and a
restrictive lung disease caused by the inhalation of
dust, often in mines and from agriculture.
In 2013, it resulted in 260,000 deaths, up from 251,000
deaths in 1990. Of these deaths, 46,000 were due to
silicosis, 24,000 due to asbestosis and 25,000 due to
coal workers pneumoconiosis.
8. CLASSIFICATION
Depending upon the type of dust, the disease is given different
names:
a. Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (also known as miner's lung,
black lung or anthracosis) — coal, carbon
b. Aluminosis — Aluminium
c. Asbestosis — asbestos
d. Silicosis (also known as "grinder's disease" or Potter's rot, or
when related to silica inhaled from the ash of an erupting
volcano, Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)
— crystalline silica dust
e. Bauxite fibrosis — bauxite
f. Berylliosis — beryllium
g. Siderosis — iron
h. Byssinosis — cotton
i. Silicosiderosis — mixed dust containing silica and iron
j. Labrador lung (found in miners in Labrador, Canada) —
mixed dust containing iron, silica and anthophyllite, a type
of asbestos
k. Stannosis — tin oxide
9. PNEUMOCONIOSIS
•Dust with in the size range -.5 to 3 micron
• Factors:
• Chemical composition
• Fineness
• Concentration of dust in the air
• Period of exposure
• Health status
10. ANTHRACOSIS
Cause: coal dust
Two phases
•Simple pneumoconiosis
•Progressive massive fibrosis
R/f : working in cold mine
Risk of death among coal miner is nearly twice than that
of general population
11. Its an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of
crystaline silica dust and is marked by inflammation and
scaring in forms of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of lungs
Cause: sio2 or free silica
Incubation period : few months to 6 yrs
Pathophysiology:
Particles are ingested by phagocytes which accumulate
and block lymph channels
Dense nodular fibrosis
Size: 3 to 4 mm
19. - Personal protection
Mask, mechanical filters
- Medical control
Initial & periodical examinations
- Bagasse control
Keeping moisture > 20%, Spraying bagasse
with 2% propionic acid (fungicide)
20. BYSSINOSIS
• Rare occupational lung disease
• Also known as BROWN LUNG DISEASE
• Comes under pneumoconiosis
• Form of occupational asthma
• INCIDENCE : 7-8% in 3 independent studies
21. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS
• Inhalation of raw flax,hemp,cotton dust and
similar particles
• Smoking
• H/O asthma
22. SYMPTOMS
• Tightness in chest
• Wheezing and coughing
• Fever
• Muscle and joint pain
• Shivering
• Tiredness
35. LEAD POSIONING
● Pure lead (Pb) is a heavy metal at room temperature and
pressure. A basic chemical element, it can combine with various
other substances to form numerous lead compounds.
Lead has been poisoning workers for thousands of years. Lead
can damage the central nervous system, cardiovascular system,
reproductive system, hematological system, and kidneys. When
absorbed into the body in high enough doses, lead can be toxic.
Short-term (acute) overexposure–as short as days--can cause
acute encephalopathy, a condition affecting the brain that develops
quickly into seizures, coma, and death from cardiorespiratory arrest.
36. Lead is most commonly absorbed into the body
by inhalation.
When workers breathe in lead as a dust, fume,
or mist, their lungs
and upper respiratory tract absorb it into the
body. They can also
absorb lead through the digestive system if it
enters the mouth and
is ingested.
37. Workers at Risk
■ Abrasive blasting and
■ Welding, cutting, and burning on steel structures.
Other operations with the potential to expose workers to lead
include:
■ Lead burning;
■ Using lead-containing mortar;
■ Power tool cleaning without dust collection systems;
■ Rivet busting;
■ Cleanup activities where dry expendable abrasives are used;
■ Movement and removal of abrasive blasting enclosures;
■ Manual dry scraping and sanding;
■ Manual demolition of structures;
■ Heat-gun applications;
■ Power tool cleaning with dust collection systems; and
■ Spray painting with lead-based paint.
38. ○ Adverse effects
● ■ Loss of appetite;
■ Constipation;
■ Nausea;
■ Excessive tiredness;
■ Headache;
■ Fine tremors;
■ Colic with severe abdominal pain;
■ Metallic taste in the mouth;
■ Weakness;
■ Nervous irritability;
■ Hyperactivity;
39. ● ■ Muscle and joint pain or soreness;
■ Anxiety;
■ Pallor;
■ Insomnia;
■ Numbness; and
■ Dizziness.
● REPRODUUCTIVE RISKS
Lead is toxic to both male and female reproductive systems.
Lead can alter the structure of sperm cells and there is evidence of
miscarriage and stillbirth in women exposed to lead or whose
partners have been exposed. Children born to parents who were
exposed to excess lead levels are more likely to have birth defects,
mental retardation, or behavioral disorders or to die during the first
year of childhood.
50. MUSCULO SKELETAL DISORDERS
• Manual handling(lifting, pushing, lowering, pulling
etc)
• Repetitive movements
• Uncomfortable working position
• Continued working without breaks
51. Management
•Identify high risk work place activities
•Provide appropriate information and
training on safe movements and
handling
•Healthy lifestyle
•Rest and activity
•Safety
•Physiotherapy and exercise
