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Semantic roles week 5
- 1. Semantic roles Hyponymy Definition: When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another. Examples. Animal/dog; dog/poodle; vegetable/carrot, flower/rose. With Hyponomy, we look at words in connection with others, a type of hierarchical relationship. Consider the following chart:
- 2. Hyponymy Living thing Creature plant Animal insect vegetable flower tree Dog ant carrot rose plain
- 3. Hyponymy Superordinate A superordinate is the higher level in the hierarchy. For example: animal and insect are called the superordinate. Co-hyponyms The words that share the same superordinate, are called co-hyponyms.
- 4. Hyponymy For example: The words horse/dog are co-hyponyms of the superordinateanimal.
- 5. Exercice Find the different hyponyms/co-hyponyms for the following words: Words: To cook, color, door, writer
- 6. Prototypes At times in semantics, we do not associate certain creatures as prototypical birds. For instance, when we think of a bird, we tend to think of the usual bird like a ‘robin’, but we usually don’t regard the following as birds, like an ostrich or penguin (technically they are birds).
- 7. Polysemy Two are more words with the same form and related meaning: Head (body, school, etc) Foot (person, mountain, table) Run (person, river, …ect)
- 8. homonymy Let’s remember these first…. Homophone: same sound, different written form. Example: right/write, to/too/two Homograph: same written form, same or different sound, different meaning. Bear (animal)/bear (vb. To carry), conduct (with accent on first syllable) means behavior, accent on second syllable, verb ‘to maneuver’, others include: can you think about the possible meanings? do, desert, dove, use Homonyms: same sound, same orthography, but different meaning Bank (of a river)-bank (institution) bat (flying creature)-bat (cricket) Race (car race)-race (ethnic group)
- 9. summary