German king the pope declared first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Which was a Germanic people who settled the area known today as France?

Charlemagne was the first Frankish ruler to believe in what for all people?

What influence did Germanic kings have on Europe's religion?

Person who worked the lord's land:

Warrior in armor who fought on horseback for a lord; lower-ranking vassal.

Land granted to a vassal, or knight:

Under which system did landowning nobles govern and protect the people in return for services?

Two important farming inventions of the Middle Ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and:

Medieval kinghts followed rules called the code of:

Who were the only people in medieval towns who were considered citizens?

What were apprentices in craft guilds given in return for their work?

Decided whether a person could be accused of a crime:

People ordained as priests:

Decided whether an accused person was guilty or innocent:

Region of France where William was duke:

What contributed to the idea that people have rights and that the power of government should be limited?

In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, against:

Hatred of Jewish people:

Local language used by people of a region:

Religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings:

Study of religion and God:

Way of thinking that used reason to explore question of faith:

For medieval Christians, the most important holy sacrament was:

What was the name of the church court that tried and punished people who were suspected of heresy?

Students in the first European universities did not have:

Disease that spreads quickly and kills many people:

Christian struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims:

French peasant girl who led the effort to free France from England:

Originating in central Asia, the Black Death was carried by:

The Black Death spread quickly along which trade route?

Who helped lead the French army to victory at Orleans?

France fought against which country in the Hundred Years' War?

Jews were ordered to convert to Christianity or leave Spain by: