DIATOMS.

Presentation on theme: "DIATOMS."— Presentation transcript:

1 DIATOMS

2 CHARACTERISTICS Introducing me…

3 Diatoms are… Characteristic # 1 the most abundant species in AQUATIC/
moist ecosystems

4 Diatoms are… Characteristic # 2 Photosynthetic autotrophs
Azpeitia tabularis Photosynthetic autotrophs Important: Fucoxanthin

5 Diatoms are… Characteristic # 3
UNICELLULAR PROTISTS/ alga/ phytoplankton Psammodictyon panduriforme

6 Diatoms are… Characteristic # 4 The most beautiful creatures on earth
Triceratium sp. Biddulphia tridens The most beautiful creatures on earth

7 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
That’s What makes them beautiful!

8 Structural Characteristic # 1
Diatoms have… Functions: Filtration/ Disinfection Industry (eg. toothpastes, soap) Gives them shape (boat-like, rod-like, disk-like, triangle-like) Gives them color Epitheca Hypotheca Glass-like Cell walls(Frustule)with silica (siO2) Stichodiscus sp.

9 Structural Characteristic # 1

10 Structural Characteristic # 2
Diatoms have… Functions: Photosynthesis Primary Food Source Vitamin D Source Chlorophyll-like plastids inside their cells

11 Structural Characteristic # 3
Diatoms have… Functions: Oil production Floating Oil Deposits under the ocean fuel Storage of chemical energy from photosynthesis Nitrogen production Oil drops made of sugar & starch and volutin inside their cells

12 Structural Characteristic # 4
Diatoms have… Functions: Oxygen and Nitrogen Distribution Exchange of materials Pores with patterns on their frustules

13 Structural Characteristic # 4
Diatoms have… Effects: Immobility NO cilia and flagella Aulacodiscus oregonus

14 Structural Characteristic # 5
Diatoms have… Nitzschia reinholdii Different sizes and shapes Types: Centric Pennate Actinocylcus sp.

15 Somewhere only they know
HABITAT Somewhere only they know

16 Marine Freshwater Moist/Watery Areas
Habitats Diatoms live in… Marine Freshwater Moist/Watery Areas

17 Diatoms live in… Habitats Habitats NO cilia and flagella

18 Habitats

19 MAKULAY ANG BUHAY SA SINABAWANG GULAY!
NUTRITION MAKULAY ANG BUHAY SA SINABAWANG GULAY!

20 PHOTOSYNTHETIC Diatoms are… Nutrition

21 REPRODUCTION I just had… (bleep)!

22 The shrinking phase Asexual Reproduction Cell division takes place.
The two valves (epitheca and hypotheca) separate. Each valve forms an epivalve of the daughter cell while hypovalves are secreted from the parent cells. This results to one cell being the same size as the parent cell while the other is smaller. This process continues until cells reach about 30%-40% of their original size.

23 Asexual Reproduction

24 The growth phase Sexual Reproduction Meiotic Cell division
Formation of eggs and monoflagellated sperms in the parent cell Fertilization Union of egg and sperm produces auxospore Auxospore/Zygote Formation (Growth Phase) Splitting of the parent cell while continuing to grow Test Secretion End of growth phase; new parent cell develops

25 Sexual Reproduction

26 Reproductive Cycle

27 The inactivity phase Resting Spores
Skeletonema marinoi When: Times of low nutrients and low sunlight What: Metabolically inactive spores How: Stored energy from photosynthetic products & thick and tough cell walls Where: At the bottom of the ocean

28 ECOLOGY i was born this way!

29 Primary producers Ecological Role # 1

30 Important resource Ecological Role # 2
20%-25% of the world’s carbon fixation 40% of the world’s oxygen (in the atmosphere) Vitamin D 23% of primary productivity in the world Oil/Fuel Silicon (SiO2)

31 Nutrient detector Ecological Role # 3
PLANKTON BLOOM – when there is an abundance of nutrients and excessive amount of sunlight in the ocean

32 I’m never changing who I am!
EXAMPLES I’m never changing who I am!

33 Triceratium moreirae Example # 1 Where: (mentioned) Southern Brazil
Who: L.F. Fernandes and R.M. Sousa-Nosimann When: 2001 What: μm; convex, tripolar valves; elevated with ocellus and rimoportula

34 Lithodesmium undulatum
Example # 2 Lithodesmium undulatum Where: warm, temperate seas Who: C.G. Ehrenberg When: 1839 What: μm; marginal ridge with clear pattern of perforation; undulated sides; ‘wavy’

35 Baceteriastrum delicatulum
Example # 3 Baceteriastrum delicatulum Where: (mentioned) Mexico, Lebanon, UK, Red Sea Who: Cleve When: 1897 What: μm; circular valves with bristles; ‘spider-like’

36 Sources Becker, J. (1996). Diatom Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: epro.htm Biggs, A., Kapicka, C., & Lundgren, L. (1995). Biology: The Dynamics of Life. Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: lankton_diatoms.htm Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms Asexual Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: lankton_diatom_asexual.HTM

37 Sources Cuvelier, D. (2005, July 8). Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve, Retrieved October 27, 2012, from World Register of Marine Species: 08 Essenfield, B., Gontang, C., & Moore, R. (1996). Biology, 2nd Edition. US: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Fernandes, L., & de Souza-Mosimann, R. (2005, May 22). Triceratium moreirae Sp Nov And Triceratium dubium Triceratiaceae Bacillariophy. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Biblioteca: ceratium-moreirae-sp-nov-and-triceratium-dubium- triceratiaceae-bacillariophyta-from/id/ html

38 Sources Frazer, & Jennifer. (2010, March 28). Diatoms, or The Trouble With Life in Glass Houses. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from The Artful Amoeba: the-trouble-with-life-in-glass-houses/ Guiry, M. (2004, October 11). Triceratium moreirae. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Seaweed Africa: =140330 Guiry, M., & Guiry, G. (2002, April 23). Species Detail. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Algaebase: Kaskel, A., Hummer, P. J., & Daniel, L. (1992). Biology: An Everyday Experience. USA: Merrill Publishing Company.

39 Sources Kuylenstierna, M., & Karlson, B. (2006, September 15). Lithodesmium undulatum. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from SMHI: list/diatoms/lithodesmium_undulatum.htm Life XMU. (n.d.). Centric & Pennate template. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Life XMU: /htmldir/ e.htm Miller, K., & Levine, J. (2008). Biology: the Dragonfly Book. US: Prentice Hall. Oktar, A. (2011, April 1). The Microscopic living being that forms the oil fields: Diatom. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Harun Yahya: being-that

40 Sources Pece. (2011, January 20). PSYCHEDELIC DIATOMS. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Predict Blogspot: diatoms.html Prescott, L. M., Harley, J., & Klein, D. (2005). Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Science Photo Library. (n.d.). Jewels of the Sea. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Science Photo Library: Seeberg-Elverfeldt, I. A. (2004). Laminated diatomaceous sediments of the Red Sea, their composition and significance as recorders of abrupt changes in productivity and circulation during the Late Quaternary. Bremen, Germany.

41 Sources Shin, J. (1999). Intro to Diatoms. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: a.htm * Photo sources are inserted in the slides.