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Blood Types Blood types depends on surface antigens (Agglutinogen) on erythrocytes O-A-B blood types Rh blood type Others: Rh, MNSs,Kidd, Lutheran,Kell etc
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Antigens of ABO system
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O-A-B blood type Depending on presence or absence of antigen (Agglutinogen),four different blood groups A--if only agglutinogen A is present B--if only agglutinogen B is present AB--if both agglutinogen A and B are present O--if neither agglutinogen A nor agglutinogen B are present
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Relative frequencies of blood types
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Landsteiner, s Law If a particular agglutinogen is present on RBC, corresponding agglutinin must be absent in serum If a particular agglutinogen is absent on RBC, corresponding agglutinin must be present in serum This law does not apply to Rh system
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Red cell agglutination in incompatible plasma
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Titer of Agglutinins at different Ages Immediately after birth– zero Two - eight months of age – begins to produce Eight- ten years of age – maximum titer Then gradually declines throughout life Origin of Agglutinins in Plasma Food Bacteria
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Inheritance Universal donors Universal Recipients Autologous transfusion Secretors and non- secretors
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