Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858

Genus Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 View in CoL ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 A–E)

Type species: Buccinum strigilatum Linnaeus, 1758 ; SD, Cossmann (1896).

Synonyms: Impages E.A. Smith, 1873 View in CoL (type species Terebra caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 View in CoL = Buccinum hecticum Linnaeus, 1758 ; SD, Cossmann, 1896); Acuminia Dall, 1908 View in CoL (type species Buccinum lanceatum Linnaeus, 1767 View in CoL ; OD); Hastulina Oyama, 1961 View in CoL (type species Terebra casta Hinds, 1844 View in CoL ; OD); Egentelaria Rehder, 1980 View in CoL (type species Terebra stylata Hinds, 1844 View in CoL ; OD).

Definition: Includes all species in clade D of Modica et al. (2019), and those that show a combination of conchological, anatomical and distribution characteristics closely comparable with Hastula strigilata or any genetically proven member of the clade.

Diagnosis: Diagnostic nucleotide combinations provided for entire clade with exception of four specimens of H. albula (see Material and Methods) and, separately, for subclade H. albula – H. natalensis – H. aff. casta of clade D ( Table 4).

Shell: Small to medium-sized, shiny, 12–90 mm. Protoconch paucispiral or multispiral, about 1–5 whorls. Axial sculpture of crenulations on subsutural portion of whorl, or fine ribs on part or throughout whorl height; spiral sculpture of single subsutural groove, occasionally with additional row of punctations. Siphonal canal stout, very short, with well-developed fasciole. Aperture elongate to rounded.

Genus Hastula (except four specimens of H. albula )

Species/sequences analysed 18/91

Diagnostic nucleotides: 28: A, 67: T, 95: C, 181: T, 221: C, 222: C, 253: A, 581: T, 598: A

Subclade H. albula – H. natalensis – H. aff. casta

Anatomy: Rhynchodeal introvert, proboscis, venom gland, salivary glands and radula well developed. Radula of hypodermic marginal teeth attached to thin, reduced membrane; walls of marginal teeth often with multiple perforations ( Fig. 6E, F View Figure 6 )

Species/sequences analysed 3/17

Diagnostic nucleotides 49: G, 347: C, 349: T, 517: T

Distribution: Indo-Pacific, West Africa, Caribbean.

Remarks: Species of Hastula are rather easy to recognize among Terebridae by their typically shiny shells, with fine close-set axial ribs and usually by the lack of a clearly defined subsutural band. The shell morphology in the Partecosta macleani group closely resembles that of Hastula ; however, the latter is usually larger at maturity, while shells of comparable size can be differentiated by texture—a polished surface in Hastula vs dull in Partecosta . Furthermore, species of Hastula possess a venom gland and hypodermic radular teeth, whereas Partecosta species lack a venom gland and their radulae teeth are solid.

Included species:

Hastula aciculina (Lamarck, 1822) 2;

H. acumen (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. alboflava Bratcher, 19882 ;

H. albula (Menke, 1843) 1;

H. androyensis Bozzetti, 20082 ;

H. anomala (Gray, 1834) 2;

H. anosyana (Bozzetti, 2016) 2;

H. apicitincta (G. B. Sowerby III, 1900) 2;

H. bacillus (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. casta (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. celidonota (Melvill & Sykes, 1898) 2;

H. cernohorskyi Burch, 19652 ;

H. cinerea (Born, 1778) 1;

H. continua Deshayes, 18592 ;

H. crossii (Deshayes, 1859) 1 ∗;

H. cuspidata (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. denizi Rolán & Gubbioli, 20002 ;

H. engi Malcolm & Terryn, 20172 ;

H. escondida (Terryn, 2006) 2;

H. exacuminata Sacco, 18912 ;

H. filmerae (G. B. Sowerby III, 1906) 2;

H. hamamotoi Tsuchida & Tanaka, 19992 ;

H. hastata (Gmelin, 1791) 1;

H. hectica (Linnaeus, 1758) 1;

H. imitatrix (Auffenberg & Lee, 1988) 2;

H. inconstans (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. knockeri (E. A. Smith, 1872) 2;

H. lanceata (Linnaeus, 1767) 1;

H. leloeuffi Bouchet, 19832 ;

H. lepida (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. marqueti (Aubry, 1994) 2;

H. maryleeae R. D. Burch, 19652 ;

H. matheroniana (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. nana (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. natalensis (E. A. Smith, 1903) 1 ∗;

H. parva (Baird, 1873) 1;

H. penicillata (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. philippiana (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. puella (Thiele, 1925) 1;

H. raphanula (Lamarck, 1822) 1;

H. rufopunctata (E. A. Smith, 1877) 2;

H. salleana (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. sandrogorii Ryall, Terryn & Rosado, 20172 ;

H. solida (Deshayes, 1857) 1;

H. strigilata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1;

H. stylata (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. tenuicolorata Bozzetti, 20081 ;

H. tiedemani Burch, 19652 ;

H. venus Aubry, 20082 ;

H. verreauxi (Deshayes, 1857) 1;

H. westralica (Aubry, 1999) 2;

H. daniae (Aubry, 2008) 3.