Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201869213
Five new records and an identification key of the lichen genus Leptogium
from Santa Catarina state, Brazil
Marcos Junji Kitaura1,4, Emerson Luiz Gumboski 2 & Ricardo Koroiva3
Abstract
Leptogium is a cosmopolitan genus with currently 180 accepted species, of which 46 are reported from Brazil. Leptogium
atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens, L. sessile and L. subjuressianum are recorded from the Brazilian state of Santa
Catarina for the first time. Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius is synonymized with L. sessile. Leptogium atlanticum
is recorded for the first time outside the type locality. We also provide comments and the first identification key for
Leptogium species found in Santa Catarina state.
Key words: Ascomycota, Collemataceae, diversity, jelly lichen, taxonomy.
Resumo
Leptogium é um gênero cosmopolita com atualmente 180 espécies aceitas, das quais 46 são citadas para o Brasil.
Leptogium atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens, L. sessile e L. subjuressianum são registradas aqui pela primeira
vez para o estado de Santa Catarina. Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius é sinonimizado com L. sessile. Leptogium
atlanticum é registrada pela primeira vez fora da localidade tipo. Nós também fornecemos comentários e a primeira
chave de identificação para espécies de Leptogium encontradas no estado de Santa Catarina.
Palavras-chave: Ascomycota, Collemataceae, diversidade, liquens gelatinosos, taxonomia.
Introduction
Leptogium (Ach.) Gray is a jelly lichen
genus with about 180 accepted species, though
the monophyly remains questioned (Otálora et al.
2014). The species are cosmopolitan, occurring
particularly in tropical regions, growing on
various substrates and in several environments
(Sierk 1964). Leptogium is characterized by its
large, homoiomerous, foliose thallus, by distinct
cortices with at least one well-defined cortical
layer (eucortex), and its mainly epiphytic habit
(Otálora et al. 2014). Recent studies suggest that
the number of species ranges between 150 to 400
(Jayalal et al. 2014).
Fourty-six Leptogium species are actually
accept to Brazil: L. adpressum Nyl., L. atlanticum
Marcelli & Kitaura, L. austroamericanum (Malme)
C.W. Dodge, L. azureum (Sw.) Mont., L. brebissonii
Mont., L. burgessii (L.) Mont., L. caespitosum
(Taylor) Swinscow & Krog, L. chloromelum
(Ach.) Nyl., L. cochleatum (Dicks.) P.M. Jørg. &
James, L. coralloideum (Meyen & Flot.) Vain., L.
corticola (Taylor) Tuck., L. cyanescens (Rabenh.)
Körb., L. decipiens P.M. Jørg., L. denticulatum
Nyl., L. diaphanum Mont., L. dimorphum Müll.
Arg., L. foveolatum Nyl., L. fusisporum (Tuck.)
C.W. Dodge, L. hibernicum M.E. Mitch. ex P.M.
Jørg., L. involutum Kitaura, Käffer & Martins, L.
isidiosellum (Riddle) Sierk, L. javanicum Mont.,
L. kalbii Marcelli & Cunha, L. laceroides Degel.,
L. lafayetteanum Vain., L. longisporum Kitaura &
Marcelli, L. mantiqueirense Kitaura & Marcelli, L.
marginellum (Sw.) Gray, L. mattogrossense Malme,
L. megapotamicum Malme, L. moluccanum (Pers.)
Vain., L. pachycheilum Malme, L. phyllocarpum
Mont., L. pichneum (Ach.) Nyl., L. puiggarii Müll.
Arg., L. punctulatum Nyl., L. reticulatum Mont., L.
schiffneri Zahlbr., L. sessile Vain., L. sphinctrinum
Nyl., L. stipitatum Vain., L. subbullatum Kremp., L.
subjuressianum Marcelli & Kitaura, L. tuckermanii
¹ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, PPG em Biologia Vegetal, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. junjimjk@gmail.
com
² Universidade da Região de Joinville, Depto. Ciências Biológicas, R. Paulo Malschitzki 10, Zona Industrial Norte, 89219-710, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
emersongumboski@gmail.com
³ Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PPG em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
ricardo.koroiva@gmail.com
4
Author for correspondence: junjimjk@gmail.com
Kitaura MJ, Gumboski EL & Koroiva R
424
C.W. Dodge, L. ulvaceum Vain. and L. vesiculosum
(Sw.) Malme (Krempelhuber 1876; Vainio 1890;
Malme 1924; Osorio 1977a; Osorio 1977b; Aptroot
2002; Spielmann 2006; Cunha 2007; Käffer et al.
2007; Gumboski & Eliasaro 2011; Kitaura 2012;
Kitaura & Marcelli 2012; Kitaura & Marcelli 2013;
Benatti et al. 2013; Kitaura et al. 2013a; Kitaura
et al. 2013b; Aptroot & Cáceres 2014; Kitaura et
al. 2014; Cáceres et al. 2014; Kitaura et al. 2015).
In the Southern Brazil, nine species were
recorded for the Paraná state (Eliasaro & Gumboski,
pers. comm.), and 19 species for the Rio Grande do
Sul state (Spielmann 2006), but the vast majority
of these were recorded only from a few localities.
For the Santa Catarina state, Gumboski &
Eliasaro (2011) reported 11 Leptogium species.
Despite this number, during recent field campaigns
specimens representing five new records were
sampled: L. atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens,
L. sessile and L. subjuressianum, increasing the
number of Leptogium species known in the state
with 45%. We hereby present these new records
with comments and include L. chloromelum
var. crassius in the synonymy of L. sessile. In
addition, we provide the first identification key for
Leptogium species found in Santa Catarina.
We collected samples during lichenological
field work on several sites in eastern Santa Catarina
state (municipalities of São Francisco do Sul and
São Bento do Sul). They were deposited in the
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Herbarium (CGMS). Moreover, we analyzed all
specimens according to the protocol of Kitaura
(2012) and Kitaura & Marcelli (2012; 2013).
Lichen photographs were taken with a
Scanjet 5590 and by the Canon RebelT3i coupled
on Olympus Sz stereomicroscopy and Olympus
CX22LED microscopy.
Identification key to Leptogium in Santa Catarina state, Brazil
1.
Thallus with hairs ................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Hairs constituted by spherical cells .............................................................. Leptogium burgessii
2’. Hairs constituted by cylindrical cells ................................................. Leptogium subjuressianum
1’. Thallus without hairs ........................................................................................................................... 3
3. Thallus with smooth to slightly rugose upper surface ................................................................ 4
4. Thallus with ornaments on the lamina and margin ............................................................. 5
5. Ornaments usually cylindrical (isidia) ...................................... Leptogium cyanescens
5’. Ornaments usually flattened and rotund (lobules) ..................... Leptogium atlanticum
4’. Thallus without ornaments on the lamina and margin ........................................................ 6
6. Thallus with apothecia subpedicellate or adnate ..................... Leptogium moluccanum
6’. Thallus with apothecia pedicellate (ascending by the thallus) .................................... 7
7. Pedicel long (more than 0.5 mm), inflated ......................... Leptogium javanicum
7’. Pedicel short (to 0.5 mm long), not inflated ........................................................ 8
8. Thallus is colored bluish and 70–100 µm ..................... Leptogium azureum
8’. Thallus is colored greyish and 100–150 µm ............. Leptogium cochleatum
3’. Thallus with upper surface with ridges, wrinkles or foveolate ................................................... 9
9. Thallus with foveolate surface .......................................................... Leptogium foveolatum
9’. Thallus with upper surface ridged or wrinkled ................................................................. 10
10. Ornaments present on the thallus and/or apothecia ................................................... 11
11. Ornaments on the thallus and apothecia ............................................................ 12
12. Upper surface has wrinkles ...................................... Leptogium isidiosellum
12’. Upper surface has ridges ............................... Leptogium austroamericanum
11’. Ornaments only on the apothecia ...................................................................... 13
13. Thallus with marginal apothecia ............................. Leptogium marginellum
13’. Thallus with submarginal or laminal apothecia .... Leptogium phyllocarpum
10’. Ornaments absent ...................................................................................................... 14
14. Apothecia pedicellate (more than 0.5 mm) ..................... Leptogium vesiculosum
14’. Apothecia sessile, immerse and adnate ............................................................. 15
15. Apothecia immerse, ascospores muriform to submuriform ... Leptogium sessile
15’. Apothecia adnate, ascospores transversally septate ..... Leptogium adpressum
Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
Leptogium of Santa Catarina state, Brazil
Leptogium atlanticum Marcelli & Kitaura, The
Bryologist, 118(1): 12. 2015.
Type: BRAZIL. SÃO PAULO: Municipality of
Peruíbe, Reserva Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. Núcleo
Guarauzinho, Sopé da Serra, Arpoador Beach, on
rock, 27.VII.1993, M.P. Marcelli & O. Yano 23710
(holotype: SP!; isotypes: COLO!, H!).
Description and illustrations of the holotype:
Kitaura et al. (2015).
Leptogium atlanticum is characterized by
lobulated thallus, the smooth to rugulose upper
surface, the elongated or rotund lobules on the
lamina and margin, and the medulla is constituted
of helicoidal columnar hyphae. Initially, we
identified L. atlanticum as L. denticulatum,
but that species differs from the first one by
the presence of irregular lobules on the thallus
(Kitaura et al. 2015).
We collected our specimens on trunks of
restinga shrubs.
Distribution: This species had been reported
only for São Paulo state, Brazil, where it was
sampled on different substrata, from the beach to
mangroves and rainforest on the coastal slopes
(Kitaura et al. 2015).
Material examined: São Francisco do Sul, Parque
Estadual do Acaraí, 26°17’28.6”S, 48°32’15.8”W, alt.
6 m, on trunk, 6.X.2015, M.J. Kitaura 2619 & 2637
(CGMS).
Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. Hist. Nat. Iles
Canar. 3: 129. 1840.
Type: JAMAICA: on the Mountains, O. Swartz
s/n. (lectotype: UPS; isolectotype: BM000963630!,
designed by Jørgensen & James 1983).
≡ Lichen azureus Sw. ap. Ach., Lichenog. Suec.
Prodr.: 137. 1798.
≡ Parmelia azurea Ach., Meth. Lich.: 223. 1803.
≡ Collema azureum Ach., Lich. Univ.: 654. 1810.
= Collema tremelloides var. azureum Eschw. in
Mart., Fl. bras. 1: 237. 1833.
= Leptogium tremelloides var. azureum (Sw.) Nyl.,
Syn. Lich. 1: 125. 1858.
Description and illustrations of the holotype:
Aragón et al. (2004) and Kitaura (2012).
Leptogium azureum is characterized by its
bluish color, smooth upper surface and pedicellated
apothecia. This species is complex and necessitates
further taxonomical studies.
The species occurs on trunks of restinga
shrubs, and on trunks of Araucaria forest.
Distribution: Leptogium azureum is a species
occurring across the globe (Aragón et al. 2004).
Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
425
In Brazil, there are records for the states of Mato
Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo (Krempelhuber
1876; Brako et al. 1985; Aptroot 2002; Carbonero
et al. 2003; Aragón et al. 2004; Spielmann 2006
Cunha 2007).
Material examined: São Bento do Sul, APA do Rio
Vermelho-Humboldt, Araucaria Forest, corticolous,
6.IX.2012, E. Gumboski 3909 & 3910; 31.X.2013, E.
Gumboski 4959. São Francisco do Sul, Parque Estadual
do Acaraí, 26°17’28.6”S, 48°32’15.8”W, alt. 6 m., on
trunk, 6.X. 2015, M.J. Kitaura 2578, 2585, 2601, 2604
& 2614.
Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb, Syst.
Lich.: 420. 1855.
Type: SWITZERLAND. HELVETIA: no. 757.
(lectotype: H-ACH 1913!, designated by Galloway
& Jørgensen 1995).
≡ Collema cyanescens Rabenh., Deutsch. Krypt.
Fl.: 50. 1845.
= Collema tremelloides var. cyanescens Ach., Syn.
Meth. Lich.: 326. 1814. nom. illeg.
= Leptogium caesium (Ach.) Vain., Acta Soc. Fauna
& Flora Fenn. 7A: 225. 1890.
= Collema tremelloides var. caesium Ach., Lich.
Univ.: 656. 1810.
Description and illustrations of the holotype:
Goward et al. (1994), McCune & Geiser (1997),
Brodo et al. (2001), Stone & Ruchty (2007) and
Kitaura (2012).
Leptogium cyanescens differs from other
Leptogium species through its blue-grey color,
smooth upper surface, thin and rounded lobes,
and its cylindrical and delicate isidia emerging as
small whitish papillae on the upper surface and
along the margins.
Our specimens were collected off the trunks
of mangroves and shrubs of restinga.
Distribution: Leptogium cyanescens is a
species with a global distribution. In Brazil, there
are records for the states of Sergipe, Minas Gerais,
Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and São
Paulo (Krempelhuber 1876; Osorio 1977a; Osorio
1977b; Aptroot 2002; Spielmann 2006; Cunha
2007; Cáceres et al. 2014).
Material examined: São Francisco do Sul, Campus
of Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille),
26°12’53.2”S, 48°34’27.7”W, alt. 2 m, on trunk,
5.X.2015, M.J. Kitaura 2561, 2568, 2570 & 2571; Parque
Estadual do Acaraí, 26°17’28.6”S, 48°32’15.8”W, alt. 6
m, on trunk, restinga, 6.X.2015, M.J. Kitaura 2583,
2609, 2610, 2612 & 2621; 26°22’04.2”S, 48°34’13”W,
29.III.2009, E. Gumboski & S. Eliasaro 1418b.
Kitaura MJ, Gumboski EL & Koroiva R
426
Leptogium sessile Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. ser.
A IV Biologica 6(7): 108. 1915.
Fig. 1a-e
Type: DOMINICA (WEST INDIA). SHAWFORD
STATE: ad corticem arboris, 1896, W.R. Elliott
1594p.p. (holotype: TUR-V 10791!; isotype:
TUR-V 10792!).
Fig. 1a,d,e
= Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius Nyl., Bull.
Soc. Linn. Norm. 3(2): 5. 1869. Type: SOUTH
AFRICA. DURBAN: Port-Natal, Miss Armstrong
s/n. (holotype: H-NYL 41253!).
Fig. 1b,c
Description and illustrations of the holotype: Vainio
(1915), Sierk (1964) and Kitaura (2012).
b
a
c
d
e
Figure 1 – a-e. Leptogium species – a. L. sessile holotype (TUR-V 10791); b. L. chloromelum var. crassius holotype
(holotype: H-NYL 41253); c. Apothecia detail of L. chloromelum var. crassius; d. Transversal section of L. sessile
thallus; e. Transversal section of L. sessile apothecia. Scale bars: a,b = 5 mm; c = 1 mm; d = 50 µm; e = 100 µm.
Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
Leptogium of Santa Catarina state, Brazil
Leptogium sessile is characterized by its
thickened thallus (115–190 µm thick), rugulose and
wrinkled longitudinal lobes, as well as its immersed
to sessile apothecia and amphithecium with circular
ridges (Fig. 1c).
Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius was
included in the list of synonyms of L. sessile after
studying the type. The type L. chloromelum var.
crassius (H-NYL 41253) is identical to the distal
parts of the holotype of L. sessile (TUR-V 10791).
Vainio (1915) studied the material collected
by W.R. Elliott and described L. sessile without
mentioning the collector number. Later, Sierk
(1964) reviewed the material studied by Vainio and
considered W.R. Elliott’s material (now TUR-V
10791) as lectotype during a study of Leptogium
species from USA and Mexico.
Even so, Jørgensen found other material
in the same herbarium: W.R. Elliott 1594 p.p.
(TUR-V 11792), which had been identified as
L. phyllocarpum. Jørgensen concluded that the
TUR-V 11792 material is an isotype of the L. sessile
and reported this fact on an annotation label, but
he did not publish his discovery. During a visit to
the Turku herbarium, this TUR-V 11792 material
was analyzed and we found these comments on the
labels with the material.
We collected these specimens on trunk of
restinga shrubs.
Distribution: Leptogium sessile is a species
with global distribution. In Brazil, there are state
records for Rio Grande do Sul (Spielmann 2006)
and São Paulo (Aptroot 2002).
Material examined: São Francisco do Sul, Parque
Estadual do Acaraí, 26°17’28.6”S, 48°32’15.8”W, alt.
6 m, on trunk, restinga, 6.X.2016, M.J. Kitaura 2590;
7.X.2016, M.J. Kitaura 2640.
Leptogium subjuressianum Marcelli & Kitaura,
Mycotaxon 120: 218. 2012.
Type: BRAZIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL:
Municipality of Tapes, on trunk of a tree, 5 m alt.,
29.I.1994, M.P. Marcelli 26459 (holotype: SP!).
Description and illustrations of the holotype:
Kitaura & Marcelli (2012).
Leptogium subjuressianum is distinguishable
according to its spongioid hairs on upper surface
and rounded lobules on the margin of the thallus.
This specimen was collected on trunk of
Araucaria forest.
Distribution: Leptogium subjuressianum
is common in Brazil and usually collected from
surfaces of tree trunks. The species has been
collected from Tapes Municipality, Rio Grande do
Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
427
Sul state, to Alto Caparaó Municipality in Minas
Gerais state (Kitaura & Marcelli 2012).
Material examined: São Bento do Sul, APA do Rio
Vermelho-Humboldt, Araucaria Forest, corticolous,
16.II.2013, E. Gumboski 4239b.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the curators of BM, COLO,
H, SP, TUR & UPS for their effective and timely
support, and the reviewers. M.J.K. and R.K. thank
the CAPES for their scholarships.
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Rodriguésia 69(2): 423-428. 2018
Ricardo Koroiva