PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
130:113–119. Published 13 November 2017.
A Tribute to William Hummon – Gastrotrich Biologist Extraordinaire
Rick Hochberg*, M. Antonio Todaro, Thiago Q. Araujo, Sarah Atherton, Maria
Balsamo, Cheon Young Chang, Maikon Di Dimenico, André R. Garraffoni,
Loretta Guidi, Tobias Känneby, Alexander Kieneke, James J. Kirk, Francesca
Leasi, JiMin Lee, Teresa Nesteruk, Matteo Dal Zotto, Sarah J. Bownes, Lucia
Cesaroni, Il-Hoi Kim, Lukas Münter, Renzo Perissinotto
* University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA. E-mail: rick_hochberg@uml.edu
Not since the great Adolf Remane in the
early 20th century has there been a more
influential researcher in gastrotrich systematics than William Dale ‘‘Bill’’ Hummon. Bill
earned his Ph.D. in Zoology at the University
of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1969, where he
performed foundational research on the
marine gastrotrichs of New England: Distributional ecology of marine interstitial Gastrotricha from Woods Hole, Massachusetts,
with taxonomic comments on previously
DOI: 10.2988/17-00017
described species. His Ph.D. research was
the beginning of a life-long dedication to
Gastrotricha, that enigmatic group of beautiful, meiofaunal invertebrates that have
captured the attention of zoologists worldwide, and continue to inspire scientists in
their quests to understand some of the
greatest mysteries of animal evolution. Bill
went on to become an inspiring professor of
marine biology and zoology at Ohio University, Athens in 1969 (until 2002), and during
his tenure participated in several international fellowships and scholarships across
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England, Scotland, and Egypt. Bill’s impact
on the discipline grew with each passing year,
having supervised 11 M.S. students, two
Ph.D. students, 3 postdoctoral researchers,
and producing 110 publications on ecology,
ecotoxicology, morphology, taxonomy and
the philosophy of science. Over the course of
43 illustrious years, he worked with gastrotrichs, copepods, crayfish, insects, rotifers,
and tardigrades, and described 2 families, 6
genera, and 105 species along the way. Bill’s
focus on marine Gastrotricha allowed him
the rare (and envious) opportunity to travel
across some of the most historic and
beautiful coastal landscapes of the Azores,
Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Poland, Portugal, the United
Kingdom, the Caribbean, and Central and
South America. And while his quest to
understand gastrotrichs almost always had
a global component, this did not mean he
ignored his own backyard. Bill’s research on
the meiofauna of the east and west coasts of
the United States remains some of his most
influential taxonomic work on the phylum,
and even included studies of the effects of
pollutants, such as DDT and mine acids, on
freshwater gastrotrichs. But whether Bill was
traversing the USA in his mobile lab (his
vehicle full of portable microscopes and
equipment) or traveling across vast oceans
and seas, he always kept one eye on the sand
and one eye on the microscope.
Bill’s importance to gastrotrich research
went well beyond his influential publications
on ecology and systematics. He also highlighted the very real and very practical
problem of conserving type specimens for
natural history museums, which is nothing
short of impossible when dealing with softbodied meiofauna. Bill’s hand-drawn illustrations of species always made identification relatively easy for the uninitiated, but
without good physical specimens in museum collections, one could never be sure if
the animal found on one beach was the
same as that on another. Nowadays,
molecular sequencing is the preferred choice
for species synonymy (and differentiation),
but this requires a dedicated lab, skills, and
most importantly, funding, which can be in
short supply for those who work on
meiofauna. Bill’s solution to this dilemma
predated the molecular revolution and in
fact was much simpler, and importantly,
globally accessible via the Internet. He
provided the first video recording (SVHS
format) of a new taxon, Prostobuccantia
broca Evans & Hummon, 1991, which was
deposited in the National Museum of
Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM
235577). Since then, Bill has made innumerable video recordings (in digital format) of
new and known species from across the
globe, and provided his followers hours
(and gigabytes) of video data, photographic
images, GPS coordinates, maps, and taxon
lists that remain as influential as any DNA
barcode. Originally posted on a dedicated
server, Bill’s works are now part of the
Gastrotricha World Portal (http://www.
gastrotricha.unimore.it/moviegallery.htm).
Bill’s influence on our scientific understanding and appreciation of Gastrotricha
cannot be overstated. He inspired scientists
across the globe, many of whom have
never had the chance to meet this extraordinary man, yet will continue to learn from
him well into the 21st century and beyond.
Bill’s legacy will live on the annals of
scientific discovery, and in the fond memories of those who knew him and will never
forget. We are pleased to dedicate this
special collection of gastrotrich publications to his memory.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Biological Society of
Washington for the opportunity and funding to publish this dedication to Dr.
William Hummon.
William Hummon’s Bibliography
(Chronological)
Hummon, W. D. 1966. Morphology, life history, and
significance of the marine Gastrotrich, Chae-
VOLUME 130
tonotus testiculophorus n. sp. Transactions of
the American Microscopical Society 85: 450–
457.
Hummon, W. D. 1967. Interstitial marine gastrotrichs from Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Biological Bulletin 133: 452.
Hummon, W. D. 1968. Interstitial marine gastrotrichs from Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Part
II. Biological Bulletin 135: 423–424.
Hummon, W. D. 1968. Interspecific competition
between gastrotrichs on a marine beach in
Massachusetts. American Zoologist 8: 804.
Hummon, W. D. 1969. Musellifer sublitoralis, a new
genus and species of Gastrotricha from the
San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
88: 282–286.
Hummon, W. D. 1971. Biogeography of sand beach
Gastrotricha from the northeastern United
States. Biological Bulletin 141: 390.
Hummon, W. D. 1971. The marine and brackish
water Gastrotricha in perspective. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 76: 21–23.
Pollock, L. W. & W. D. Hummon. 1971. Cyclic
changes in interstitial water content, atmospheric exposure, and temperature in a marine
beach. Limnology and Oceanography 16(3):
522.
Hummon, W. D. 1972. Dispersion of Gastrotricha in
a marine beach of the San Juan Archipelago,
Washington. Marine Biology 16: 349–355.
Hartzband, D. J. & W. D. Hummon. 1974. Subcommunity structure in subtidal meiobenthic
Harpacticoida. Oecologia 14: 37–51.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Effects of DDT on longevity
and reproductive rate in Lepidodermella
squammata. American Midland Naturalist
92: 327–339.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Gastrotricha. Pp. 485–506 in
A.C. Giese & J.S. Pearse, eds., Reproduction
of Marine Invertebrates. Vol. 1. Acoelomate
and Pseudocoelomate Metazoans. New York:
Academic Press.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Gastrotricha from Beaufort,
North Carolina, U.S.A. Cahiers De Biologie
Marine 15: 431–446.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Intertidal marine Gastrotricha from Colombia. Bulletin of Marine
Science 24: 396–408.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Respiratory and osmoregulatory physiology of a meiobenthic marine
gastrotrich, Turbanella ocellata Hummon,
1974. Cahiers De Biologie Marine 26: 255–
268.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. SH’: a similarity index based
on shared species diversity, used to assess
temporal and spatial relations among inter-
115
tidal marine gastrotricha. Oecologia 17: 203–
220.
Hummon, W. D. 1974. Some taxonomic revisions
and nomenclatural notes concerning marine
and brackish-water Gastrotricha. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
92: 194–205.
Fleeger, J. W. & W. D. Hummon. 1975. Distribution
and abundance of soil Tardigrada in cultivated and uncultivated plots of an old field
pasture. Memoirs Institute Italian Idrobiology
Supplement 32: 95–111.
Hummon, W. D. 1975. Habitat suitability and the
ideal free distribution of gastrotricha in a
cyclic environment. Pp. 495–525 in H. Barnes,
ed., Proc. 9th European Symposium on
Marine Biology.
Hummon, W. D. 1975. Introgressive hybridization
between two intertidal species of Tetranchyroderma (Gastrotricha, Thaumastodermatidae)
with the description of a new species. Mikrofauna Meeresbodens 61: 113–136.
Hummon, W. D. 1975. Respiratory and osmoregulatory physiology of a meiobenthic marine
gastrotrich, Turbanella ocellata Hummon,
1974. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 16(2): 255–
268.
Hummon W. D., J. W. Fleeger, and M. R.
Hummon. 1975. Meiofauna-macrofauna interactions: I. Sand beach meiofauna affected
by maturing Limulus eggs. Chesapeake Science 17:297–299.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1975. Use of
life table data in tolerance experiments.
Cahiers De Biologie Marine 16: 743–749.
Faucon, A. S. & W. D. Hummon. 1976. Effects of
mine acid on the longevity and reproductive
rate of the Gastrotrich Lepidodermella squammata (Dujardin). Hydrobiologia 50: 265–269.
Hummon, W. D. 1976. Seasonal changes in secondary production, faunal similarity and biological accomodation, related to stability among
the Gastrotricha of two semi-enclosed Scottish beaches. Pp. 309–336 in G. Persoone & E.
Jaspers, eds., Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Marine Biology, Vol. 2.
Population Dynamics. Wetteren, Belgium:
University Press.
Hummon, W. D., M. R. Hummon & J. W. Fleeger.
1976. Meiofauna-macrofauna interactions: I.
Sand beach meiofauna affected by maturing
Limulus eggs. Chesapeake Science 17: 297–
299.
Coull, B. C., R. L. Ellison, J. W.Fleeger, R. P.
Higgins, W. D. Hope, W. D. Hummon, R. M.
Rieger, W. E. Sterrer, H. Thiel, H. & J. H.
Tietjen. 1977. Quantitative estimates of the
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meiofauna from the deep sea off North
Carolina, USA. Marine Biology 39: 233–240.
Hummon, W. D. 1977. Meiobenthos of the Mississippi headwaters. American Zoologist 17:
869A.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1977.
Meiobenthic subcommunity structure: spatial
vs. temporal variability. Pp. 339–347 in B. F.
Keegan, P. O. Ceidigh & P. J. S. Boaden, eds.,
Biology of Benthic Organisms. Oxford: Pergamon.
Doherty, F. G. & W. D. Hummon. 1978. Preliminary-study on toxic mode of action of acid
mine water on aquatic invertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera) through respirometry.
American Zoologist 18(3): 632.
Hummon, W. D. 1978. Meiofaunal abundance in
southeastern Ohio stream bars. American
Zoologist 18(3): 660.
Hummon, W. D. 1978. Meiofauna-macrofauna
interactions: 2. Gastrotricha taxocene affected
by proximity to Arenicola burrows. Ohio
Journal of Science 78, Supplement 10.
Hummon, W. D., W. A. Evans, M. R. Hummon, F.
G. Doherty, R. H. Wainberg, & W. S. Stanley.
1978. Meiofaunal abundance in sandbars of
acid mine polluted, reclaimed, and unpolluted
streams in southeastern Ohio. Pp. 188–203 in
J. H. Thorp & J. W. Gibbons, eds., Energy
And Environmental Stress In Aquatic Ecosystems. Springfield: National Technological
Information Service.
Hummon, W. D. 1979. Rates of change: measures of
cyclic stability among communities of taxocenes. Pp. 37–42 in E. Naylor & R. G.
Hartnoll, eds., Cyclic Phenomena in Marine
Plants and Animals. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Hummon, W. D. 1979. Sublittoral Gastrotricha
from the Bristol Channel, UK. American
Zoologist 19(3): 864.
Hummon, W. D. & R. H. Wainberg. 1979.
Tardigrada. Memoirs of the Entomological
Society of Canada 111(108): 245–246.
Hummon, M. R. & W. D. Hummon. 1979.
Reduction in fitness of the gastrotrich Lepidodermella squammata by dilute acid mine
water and amelioration of the effect by
carbonates. Invertebrate Reproduction and
Development 1: 297–306.
Doherty, F. G., & W. D. Hummon. 1980. Respiration of aquatic insect larvae (Ephemeroptera,
Plecoptera) in acid-mine water. Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25(3): 358–363.
Horvath, F. J., Hummon, W. D., 1980. Influence of
mine acid on planktonic rotifers. Ohio Journal
of Science 80(3): 104–107
Hummon, W. D. & D. P. Bevelhymer. 1980. Life
table demography of the rotifer Lecane
tenuista under culture conditions, and various
age distributions. Hydrobiologia 70: 25–28.
Hummon, W. D. & W. A. Evans. 1980. Effect of
hurricane Belle (1976) on subtidal meiobenthos in Delaware Bay, USA. Ohio Journal of
Science 80 Supplement 92.
Hummon, W. D. 1981. Extraction by sieving: A
biased procedure in studies of stream meiobenthos. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 100: 278–284.
Wainberg, R. H. & W. D. Hummon. 1981.
Morphological variability of the tardigrade
Isohypsibius saltursus. Transactions of the
American Microscopical Society 100(1): 21–
33.
Hummon, W. D. 1982. Gastrotricha. Pp. 136–139 in
S. H. Hurlbert & A. Villalobos-Figueroa, eds.,
Aquatic Biota of Mexico, Central America
and the West Indies. San Diego: San Diego
State Univ.
Hummon, W. D. 1982. Gastrotricha. Pp. 857–863 in
S.P. Parker, ed., Synopsis and Classification
of Living Organisms, Vol. 1. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Gallaway, M. S. & W. D. Hummon.1983. Molting as
a selection bottleneck in crayfish exposed to
acid-mine pollution. American Zoologist
23(4): 888.
Gallaway, M. S. & W. D. Hummon. 1983. The Lake
Hope Mine Drainage Abatement Project Acclimatization of crayfish to acid-mine polluted waters. Ohio Journal of Science 83(2):
95.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1983.
Gastrotricha. Pp. 211–221 in K.G. Adiyodi
& R.G. Adiyodi, eds., Reproductive Biology
of Invertebrates. Vol. I. Oogenesis, Oviposition, and Oosorption. London: Wiley.
Hummon, M. R. & W. D. Hummon. 1983.
Gastrotricha. Pp. 195–205 in K.G. Adiyodi
& A.G. Adiyodi, eds., Reproductive Biology
of Invertebrates, Vol. II. Spermatogenesis and
Sperm Function. London: Wiley.
Hummon, W. D. 1983. The Lake Hope Mine
Drainage Abatement Project - results of
sediment flushing experiments in the Laboratory. Ohio Journal of Science 83(2): 94.
Hummon, W. D. & S. Boonyuen. 1983. The Lake
Hope Mine Drainage Abatement Project results of reciprocal colonization experiments
in the field. Ohio Journal of Science 83(2): 95.
Hummon, W. D. & K. E. Munson. 1984. Integrated
analysis and interpretation of a community-x
guild (or taxon) data matrix. Ohio Journal of
Science 84(2): 85.
VOLUME 130
Gallaway, M. S. & W. D. Hummon. 1984. The Lake
Hope Mine Drainage Abatement Project failure of upstream crayfish to acclimate to
increased conductivity. Ohio Journal of Science 84(2): 82–83.
Hummon, W. D. 1984. Pollution from an unexpected source - cooling fluid from a power-station
transformer. American Zoologist 24(3): 13A.
Decho, A. W. & W. D. Hummon & J. W. Fleeger.
1985. Meiofauna-sediment interactions
around subtropical seagrass sediments using
factor analysis. Journal of Marine Research
43: 237–255.
Hummon, W. D. 1985. Scientific creationism mythology in the making. American Zoologist
25(4): 46A.
Hummon, W. D. 1985. Use of presence-absence data
in the study of community structure among
marine Gastrotricha. American Zoologist
25(4): 11A.
Hummon, W. D. 1986. Creationism - shifting
concepts about the fixity of created kinds.
American Zoologist 26(4): A68.
Hummon, W. D. 1986. Meiobenthic biomonitoring
of the Lake Hope Mine Drainage Abatement
Project - after 4 years. Ohio Journal of Science
86(2): 55.
Hummon, W.D. 1987. Genesis 1-1-2-3 - An alternative view to that of young-Earth creationism.
American Zoologist 27(4): 106A.
Hummon, W. D. 1987. Evolution and the challenge
of Creationism - a senior level synthesis course
at Ohio University representing a non-controversial approach to a controversial topic.
Ohio Journal of Science 87(2): 23.
Hummon, W. D. 1987. Meiobenthos of the Mississippi headwaters. Pp. 125–140 in R. Bertolani, ed., Biology of Tardigrades. Modena,
Italy: Mucchi.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1988.
Gastrotricha. Pp. 81–85 in K.G. Adiyodi &
R.G. Adiyodi, eds., Reproductive Biology of
Invertebrates. Vol. 3. Accessory Sex Organs.
New Delhi: Oxford & IBH.
Hummon, W. D. 1988. Island biogeography of
littoral European Gastrotricha - Present
status. American Zoologist 28(4): 8A.
Evans, W. A. & W. D. Hummon. 1989. G-Base: An
information system for the taxonomy and
distribution of the marine Gastrotricha.
American Zoologist 24(4): 113A
Hummon, W. D. 1989. The fetch-energy index: An a
priori estimator of coastal exposure, applied
to littoral marine Gastrotricha of the British
Isles. Pp. 387–393 in Ryland, J. S. & P. A.
Tyler, eds., Reproduction, Genetics and Distributions of Marine Organisms 23rd Europe-
117
an Marine Biology Symposium. Olsen and
Olsen.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1989.
Gastrotricha. Pp. 201–206 in K.G. Adiyodi
& R.G. Adiyodi, eds. Reproductive Biology of
Invertebrates. Vol. 4A. Fertilization, Development, and Parental Care. New Delhi:
Oxford & IBH.
Hummon, W. D. & W. A. Evans. 1989. Use of
computer aided drawing (CAD) programs in
studies of gastrotrich taxonomy: A demonstration. American Zoologist 29(4): 113A.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A., Balsamo, M. & P.
Tongiorgi. 1990. Effects of pollution on
marine Gastrotricha in the northwestern
Adriatic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21:
241–243.
Hummon, W. D. & R. M. Warwick. 1990. The
marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly Gastrotricha. Journal of Natural History 24:
519–525.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A. & M. R. Hummon.
1990. Marine Gastrotricha of the central
Mediterranean Sea. American Zoologist 31:
20A.
Evans, W. A. & W. D. Hummon. 1991. A new genus
and species of Gastrotricha from the Atlantic
Coast of Florida, U.S.A. Transactions of the
American Microscopical Society 110: 321–
327.
Gallaway, M. S. & W. D. Hummon. 1991. Adaptation of Cambarus bartonii cavatus (Hay)
(Decapoda, Cambaridae) to acid-mine polluted waters. Ohio Journal of Science 91(4): 167–
171.
Hummon, W. D. & H. H. Brient. 1991. Musellifer
profundus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) - A
morphometric study. American Zoologist
31(5): A95.
Strayer, D. L. & W. D. Hummon. 1991. Gastrotricha. Pp. 173–185 in J. H. Thorp & A.P.
Covich, eds., Ecology and Classification of
North American Freshwater Invertebrates.
New York: Academic Press.
Todaro, M. A., Evans, W. A. & W. D. Hummon.
1991. Marine Gastrotricha on the East Coast
of Florida - Status. American Zoologist 31(5):
A107
Hummon, W. D., Balsamo, M. & M. A. Todaro.
1992. Italian marine Gastrotricha: I. Six new
and one redescribed species of Chaetonotida.
Bollettino di Zoologia 59: 499–516.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1992. Marine
Gastrotricha of Israel: Preliminary report.
American Zoologist 32(A): 115.
Jouk, P. E. H., Hummon, W. D., Hummon, M. R. &
E. Roidou. 1992. Marine Gastrotricha from
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the Belgian coast: species list and distribution.
Bulletin de la Société Sciences Naturelles de
France 62: 87–93.
Hummon, M. R. & Hummon, W. D. 1992.
Gastrotricha. Pp. 137–146 in K. G. Adiyodi
& A. G. Adiyodi, eds., Reproductive Biology
of Invertebrates, Vol. V. Sexual Differentiation and Behaviour. New Delhi: Oxford &
IBH.
Evans, W. A., Todaro, M. A. & W. D. Hummon.
1993. Eutrophication and gastrotrich diversity
in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 26: 268–272.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A. & P. Tongiorgi.
1993. Italian Marine Gastrotricha: II. One
new genus and ten new species of Macrodasyida. Bollettino di Zoologia 60: 109–127.
Hummon, W. D., Hummon, M. R. & H. M.
Mostafa. 1994.Marine Gastrotricha of Mediterranean Egypt. American Zoologist 34: 10A.
Hummon, W. D. 1994. Trans- and cis-Atlantic
distributions of three marine heterotardigrades. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 113(3): 333–342.
Todaro, M. A., Fleeger, J. W. & W. D. Hummon.
1995. Marine gastrotrichs from the sand
beaches of the northern Gulf of Mexico:
species list and distribution. Hydrobiologia
310: 107–117.
Hummon, W. D. & M. R. Hummon. 1995. Marine
Gastrotricha of the eastern Mediterranean
(EMED) and Red Seas (RED). American
Zoologist 35: 12A.
Hummon, W. D. & E. Roidou. 1995. Marine
Gastrotricha of Greece: a preliminary report.
Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 22: 279–289.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A., Balsamo, M. & P.
Tongiorgi. 1996. Italian marine Gastrotricha:
III. Four new pentancrous species of the
genus Tetranchyroderma (Macrodasyida,
Thaumastodermatidae). Italian Journal of
Zoology 63: 73–79.
Balsamo, M., Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A. & P.
Tongiorgi. 1997. Italian marine Gastrotricha:
IV. Four new species of Chaetonotida. Italian
Journal of Zoology 64: 83–89.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A., Tongiorgi, P. &
M. Balsamo. 1998. Italian marine Gastrotricha: V. Four new and one redescribed species
of Macrodasyida in the Dactylopodolidae and
Thaumastodermatidae. Italian Journal of
Zoology 65: 109–119.
Todaro, M. A., Bernhard, J. M. & W. D. Hummon.
2000. A new species of Urodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from dysoxic sediments
of the Santa Barbara Basin (California, USA).
Bulletin of Marine Science 66: 467–476.
Todaro, M. A., Hummon, W. D., Balsamo, M.,
Fregni, E. & P. Tongiorgi. 2001. Inventario
dei Gastrotrichi marini italiani: una checklist
annotata. Atti della Società Toscan de Scienze
Naturali Memoire Series B 107: 75–137.
Dewarumez, J. M., d’Hondt, J. L. & W. D. Hummon.
2002. Faune et Flore du littoral du Pas de
Calais et de la manche orientale. Mise à jour de
la liste des espèces de Gastrotriches et de
Céphalorhynques. Revue des Travaux - Station
Marine de Wimereux 24: 7–9.
Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A. & W. A. Evans.
2005. Video database for described species of
marine Gastrotricha. Meiofauna Marina 14:
23–26.
Hummon, W. D. & M. A. Todaro. 2007. A new
species of Xenotrichulidae (Gastrotricha)
from southern and southeastern USA. Cahiers De Biologie Marine 48: 297–302.
Hummon, W. D. 2007. Gastrotricha. Pp. 267–268 in
J. T. Carlton, ed., Light and Smith Manual:
Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hummon, W. D. 2008. Brackish-Water Gastrotricha
of the Polish Baltic Coast. Meiofauna Marina
16: 109–116.
Hummon, W. D. 2008. Gastrotricha of the North
Atlantic Ocean: 1. Twenty four new and two
redescribed species of Macrodasyida. Meiofauna Marina 16: 117–174.
Todaro, M. A. & W. D. Hummon. 2008. An
overview and a dichotomous key to genera
of the phylum Gastrotricha. Meiofauna Marina 16: 3–20.
Hummon, W. D. & M. A. Todaro. 2009. Italian
marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of
Macrodasyida. Zootaxa 2278: 47–68.
Hummon, W. D. & C. J. Guadiz. 2009. A new
species of marine Gastrotricha from Maine,
USA: Tetranchyroderma mainensis (Macrodasyida, Thaumastodermatidae). Marine Biology Research 5: 385–390.
Hummon, W. D. & M. A. Todaro. 2010. Analytic
taxonomy and notes on marine, brackishwater and estuarine Gastrotricha. Zootaxa
2392: 1–32.
Hummon, W. D. 2010. Marine Gastrotricha of San
Juan Island, Washington, USA, with notes on
some species from Oregon and California.
Meiofauna Marina 18: 11–40.
Hummon, W. D. 2010. Marine Gastrotricha of the
Caribbean Sea: a review and new descriptions.
Bulletin of Marine Science 86: 661–708.
Hummon, W. D. 2011. Marine Gastrotricha of the
Near East: 1. Fourteen new species of
Macrodasyida and a redescription of Dacty-
VOLUME 130
lopodola agadasys Hochberg, 2003. Zookeys
94: 1–59.
Hummon, W. D. & J. L. Kelly. 2011. Turbanella
amphiatlantica, a new species of Gastrotricha
(Macrodasyida) from eastern North America
and northwest Europe. Meiofauna Marina 18:
61–70.
Artois, T., Fontaneto, D., Hummon, W. D.,
Mcinnes, S. J., Todaro, M. A., Sorensen, M.
V. & A. Zullini. 2011. Ubiquity of microscopic
animals? Evidence from the morphological
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approach in species identification. Pp. 244–
283 in D. Fontaneto, ed., Biogeography of
Microscopic Organisms: Is Everything Small
Everywhere? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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