Miscellanea Malacologica 2(5): 87-92, 14.XI.2007 Nassarius garuda n. sp., a new deepwater species from the Indonesian Tanimbar and Kai Islands and a review of the species N. crematus (Hinds, 1844), N. euglyptus (SowerbyIII, 1914) and N. siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852) (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea: Nassariidae) H. H. KOOL Magnolialaan 21, 6951 NV Dieren, The Netherlands (hh.kool@hetnet.nl) ABSTRACT A new deepwater species Nassarius garuda n. sp. is described from the Indonesian Tanimbar and Kai Islands. The often confused species N. crematus (Hinds, 1844), N. euglyptus (SowerbyIII, 1914) and N. siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852) are discussed. Key words: Gastropoda, Buccinoidea, Nassariidae, Nassarius, taxonomy, new species, Indonesia INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATICS During the French-Indonesian KARUBAR Expedition to East Indonesia (Banda and Arafura Sea) by the Muséum national d Histoire naturelle in 1991, a new Nassarius species was collected. It is described as Nassarius garuda n. sp. Three other species of the family Nassariidae are discussed. Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Prosobranchia Superorder: Caenogastropoda Order: Neogastropoda Superfamily: Buccinoidea Family: Nassariidae Subfamily: Nassariinae ABBREVIATIONS Genus Nassarius Duméril, 1806 (type species Buccinum arcularia Linnaeus, 1758). HK = Collection H.H. Kool, Dieren, The Netherlands MNHN = Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, Paris, France n. sp. = New species RMNH = Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands ZMA = Zoölogisch Museum, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Nassarius garuda n. sp. (Figs 1-7) Description of the holotype (MNHN) (Figs 13, 7).Shell bulbous, height 20.7 mm, width 12.0 mm, spire short, about one-third of the total shell length. Protoconch about 3 whorls, smooth and whitish. Teleoconch about 6 1/4 convex whorls. Suture widely ledged, slightly channeled. The first 3 postnuclear whorls with strong axial ribs, crossed by over-riding spirals, giving it a beaded appearance. The ribs on the next whorls are crossed by deep, unequally wide, u-shaped channels, dividing the ribs into squares and rectangles. Towards the outer lip the axial ribs become more crowded and weaker. Outer lip not variced but denticled at the ends of the spiral ribs. Siphonal area with 4-5 spirals. Aperture oval, inside outer lip with about 9 strong lirae, columella plicate throughout. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Dr Philippe Bouchet (MNHN) who enabled me to study a part of the nassariid species collected during several expeditions and who gave me a suggestion for the name of the new species, to Virginie Héros (MNHN) for the communication with the Muséum, to Barbara Buge and Alain Robin (MNHN) for the photographs of Figs 1-8, 1012, 14-16 and 18-20, and to Robert Moolenbeek (ZMA) for his general support. The article was reviewed by 2 anonymous referees. 87 Kool, 2007: Nassarius garuda n. sp. shape of the protoconch, being considerably smaller in N. crematus. The length of the protoconch of N. crematus (Fig. 8) is 0.48 mm, wheras that of the holotype of the new species (Fig. 7) is 0.84 mm. Nassarius garuda n. sp. has about 3 whorls, N. crematus has about 2½ whorls and they are smaller and lower. The ribs of the new species are considerably stronger. A photograph of the lectotype of N. crematus is in Cernohorsky (1984: pl. 24, fig. 1), reproduced here as Fig. 9. Another difference is in the sculpture. Nassarius crematus has considerably more and finer axial ribs than N. garuda n. sp. There is a lot of confusion about the identity of Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844) in the literature and between this species and two other species, namely Nassarius euglyptus (G. B. SowerbyIII, 1914) (Figs 13-16) and N. siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852) (Figs 17-20). Cernohorsky (1984: 129) described N. crematus as an elongate-ovate to barrel shaped species with the columellar callus being either narrow and well bordered or broadly laminate anteriorly . Apparently, he synonymized N. crematus and N. euglyptus. Nassarius crematus is barrel shaped and has a laminate columella, whereas N. euglyptus has an elongate-ovate shape and a well-bordered callus. The colour of N. crematus is light to dark brown with two or three bands on the body whorl, being darkest at the dorsum. Reeve (1853: pl. 4, figs 26a, b) describes the colour of this burned Nassa as ash-olive. Many specimens of N. crematus were collected by the MNHN-expeditions to New Caledonia and the Fiji Islands. Cernohorsky (1984: 129) designated Malacca Straits, Indonesia as type locality of N. crematus, possibly based on Reeve s specimen from the Cuming collection, but the occurrence of N. crematus sensu lato in that region is questionable. This designation is probably a result of synonymization of this species with several other related species. Columellar callus bordered. Anal canal prominent. Colour whitish to creamy, spiral channels somewhat lighter in colour; no banding. Aperture and columella off-white. Operculum and animal unknown. Variability.There is little variability in shape and colour of the available fullgrown specimens. The size varies from 9.6-26.5 mm, average 19-23 mm. Type locality.Indonesia, off Tanimbar Islands, Station CP65, 09°14' S, 132°27' E, at 174-176 m. Type material.All material from Indonesia, collected during the KARUBAR Expedition at several stations. Tanimbar Islands: Station CP 65, 09°14' S, 132°27' E, 174-176m, MNHN/29, ZMA Moll. 4.07.031/1HK 134.02/2; Station CP 79, 09°16' S, 131°22' E, 239-250m, MNHN/81, ZMA Moll 4.07.032/2, RMNH.MOL.109025/2, HK 134.01/7; Station CP 84, 09°23' S, 131°09 E, 246-275 m, MNHN/1; Station DW 64, 09°13' S 132°31' E, 179-180m, MNHN/7; Station DW 80, 09°37' S, 131°02' E, 199201m, MNHN/8. Other material studied.Indonesia, Kai Islands: Station DW 28, 05°31' S, 132°54' E, 448-467 m, MNHN/1. Habitat.All specimens were collected dead in gray clay at a depth of 170-460 m. Etymology.The species is named after the Garuda, a large mythical bird, that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology and is used as the official emblem of Indonesia. Nassarius garuda n. sp. and far over one hundred other members of this genus, occur in various parts of that country. DISCUSSION The shape of Nassarius garuda n. sp. can be compared with Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844) (Figs 8-12). One of the differences between these two species is the 88 Miscellanea Malacologica 2(5): 87-92 The two specimens figured in Wilson (1994: 87; pl. 15, fig. 29) as N. crematus from Ambon, Indonesia and Queensland, Australia, are probably not this species. The holotype of N. euglyptus with its type locality Kii, Japan, is figured by Cernohorsky (1984: pl. 24 fig. 4), reproduced here as Fig. 13. It measures 29.4 mm. Nassarius euglyptus is a rather large species in this genus. It occurs in Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The specimens from Japan are somewhat larger than those from other localities. The sculpture of the shell feels rather rough. The colour is white with yellow bands on and between the ribs, three on the body whorl. Aperture white to yellowish. Probably it is this species that Kaicher (1982: card 3218) figures erroneously as N. crematus, an Indo-Pacific species to approx. 30 mm. Abbott & Dance (1982: 180) show a right picture of N. crematus, but they also synonymize the species with N. siquijorensis. Eisenberg (1981: pl. 89, fig. 5) figures N. euglyptus, but mentions N. crematus as a possible synonym. Tsuchida (1996) gives right figures of both N. crematus (1996: pl. 2, fig. 5) and N. euglyptus (1996: pl. 3, fig. 2). As for the latter, he reported a depth of 150-300 m. The confusion grows because N. euglyptus is figured in Okutani (2000: pl. 221, fig. 35) as Zeuxis siquijorensis, size 3-4 cm . The specimen is from southeastern Japan, Tosa Bay, and measures 33 mm (pers. comm. E. Tsuchiya). Min (2004: 244-245, fig. 669) figures this species also as Zeuxis siquijorensis (size 25 mm). The type locality of Nassarius siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852) is Siquijor Island, Philippines, based on a specimen from the Cuming collection. The lectotype is figured by Cernohorsky (1984: pl. 25, fig. 12) and by Kaicher (1985: card 4198), reproduced here as Fig. 17. The size of the lectotype according to Cernohorsky is 24.0 mm. In the text on her card Kaicher (1985) mentions a size of this species to approximately 43 mm. With that approximate size she suggests that N. siqijorensis is a very large species within the genus, but probably this is based on the maximum size of N. euglyptus, the species she (Kaicher, 1982) figures on card 3218 as N. crematus. The size of 24.0 mm of the lectotype of N. siquijorensis is quite normal; smaller specimens are known from Malaysia and Thailand. The suture can be more or less channeled. The callus is spread somewhat wider over the body whorl and is more or less laminate anteriorly. The colour is more brownish/greyish to yellowish in fresh specimens. The more elongate shape distinguishes N. siquijorensis from N. crematus. Habe (1975: 100; pl. 32, fig. 24) figures N. euglyptus but describes it as N. siquinjorensis [sic], which in his opinion is a synonym. The specimen, figured in Springsteen & Leobrera (1986: pl. 6, fig. 6, left specimen) is not N. siquijorensis but N. euglyptus. As none of the types were figured in colour before, the difference between the three species involved was indistinct. Their more or less similar axial sculpture of numerous riblets and their sizes as mentioned in older and recent literature added to the confusion. REFERENCES Abbott, R. T. & S. P. Dance, 1982. Compendium of seashells, a color guide to more than 4200 of the world s marine shells. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton, 411 pp. Cernohorsky, W. O., 1984. Systematics of the family Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 14: i-iv, 1-356 Eisenberg, J. M., 1981. A collector s guide to seashells of the world. New York, NY, London: McGraw-Hill, 239 pp. 89 Miscellanea Malacologica 2(5): 87-92 Figs 1-8. Nassariidae. 1-7. Nassarius garuda n. sp.; Indonesia, Tanimbar Islands; 1-3. Holotype; 09°14' S, 132°27' E; 174-176 m ventral, lateral, dorsal; height 20.7 mm (MNHN); 4-6. Paratype; ventral, lateral, dorsal; 09°16' S, 131°22' E; 239-250 m (MNHN) [Protoconch broken after being photographed]; 7. Protoconch of holotype (highly enlarged); 8. Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844); protoconch of specimen on plate 2, figs 10-12 (highly enlarged). 90 Kool, 2007: Nassarius garuda n. sp. Figs 9-20. Nassariidae. 9-12. Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844); 9. Lectotype; locality unknown; ventral; height 26.7 mm (figured in Cernohorsky 1984 plate 24, fig. 1); 10-12. Fiji Islands, Viti Levu, West lagoon, 17°39.9' S, 177°22.2' E, 22 m; ventral, lateral, dorsal; height 26.4 mm; SUVA 2 Expedition MNHN 22.X.1998 (HK 540.26); 13-16. Nassarius euglyptus (SowerbyIII, 1914); 13. Holotype; Japan, Kii; ventral; height 29.4 mm; BMNH No. 1914.4.2.6 (figured in Cernohorsky, 1984 pl. 24, fig. 4); 14-16. Japan; ventral, lateral, dorsal; height 29.4 mm; (HK 002.08); 1720. Nassarius siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852); 17. Lectotype; Philippines, Siquijor Island; ventral; height 24.0 mm; BMNH No. 1973118 (figured by Kaicher, 1985, card 4198) 18-20. Thailand, Hua Hin; ventral, lateral, dorsal; height 23.8 mm (HK 506.39). 91 Kool, 2007: Nassarius garuda n. sp. Habe, T., 1975. Shells of the Western Pacific in color, vol. II. Tokyo: Hoikusha, 233 pp. Springsteen, F. J. & F. M. Leobrera, 1986. Shells of the Philippines. Manila: Carfel Seashell Museum, 377 pp. Kaicher, S. D., 1982. Card Catalogue of world-wide shells. Pack #31 Nassariidae part I, cards 3134-3238. St Petersburg, FL: Privately published Tsuchida, E. 1996. 21 nassariid species in Indo-Pacific. Kainakama 30: 48-69 Tsuchiya, K., 2000. In: Okutani, T. (ed). Marine Mollusks in Japan. Nassariidae [pp. 438-451]. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, xlviii+1173 pp. Kaicher, S. D., 1985. Card Catalogue of world-wide shells. Pack #41 Nassariidae part III, cards 4094-4199. St Petersburg, FL: Privately published Wilson, B., 1994. Australian Marine Shells, prosobranch gastropods, part 2 (neogastropods). Kallaroo: Odyssey Publishing, 370 pp. Min, D-K., 2004. Mollusks in Korea. Seoul: Min Molluscan Research Institute. 566 pp. Reeve, L. [A.], 1853. Conchologia Iconica: monograph of the genus Nassa. London: Reeve & Co., 3: 29 unnumbered pages accompanying plates 1-29 92 This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.win2pdf.com. The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only. This page will not be added after purchasing Win2PDF.