Biodiversity Journal, 2015, 6 (1): 79–82 First record of Rugulina fragilis (Sars G.O., 1878) from the Mediterranean Sea (Mollusca Gastropoda Pendromidae) Francesco Giusti1, Carlo Sbrana2 & Luigi Romani3* 1 V ia 2 5 A p r ile 1 9 /E , 5 7 0 1 7 C o lle S a lv e tti, L e g h o r n , I ta ly ; e - m a il: jo jc u b @ y a h o o .it 2 V ia S e tte S a n ti 1 , 5 7 1 0 0 L e g h o r n , I ta ly ; e - m a il: c a r le tto .n ic c h i@ tis c a li.it 3 V ia d e lle v ille 7 9 , 5 5 0 1 3 L a m m a r i, L u c c a , I ta ly ; e - m a il: lu ig ir o m a n i7 8 @ g m a il.c o m * C o r r e s p o n d in g a u th o r ABSTRACT S e v e ra l s h e lls o f Rugulina fragilis ( S a r s G .O ., 1 8 7 8 ) ( M o llu s c a G a s tr o p o d a P e n d r o m id a e ) a re re p o rte d fro m th e T u s c a n A rc h ip e la g o . T h is is th e firs t re c o rd o f th e s p e c ie s fro m th e M e d ite rra n e a n S e a . KEY WORDS M e d ite r r a n e a n S e a ; n e w r e c o r d s ; P e n d r o m id a e ; Rugulina fragilis; T u s c a n A r c h ip e la g o . R e c e iv e d 0 2 .0 2 .2 0 1 5 ; a c c e p te d 0 5 .0 3 .2 0 1 5 ; p r in te d 3 0 .0 3 .2 0 1 5 INTRODUCTION A B B R E V IAT IO N S A N D A C R O N Y M S . D p : to ta l d ia m e te r o f th e p ro to c o n c h (in µ m ); H : m a x - P e n d r o m id a e W a r é n , 1 9 9 1 is a s m a ll f a m ily o f im u m h e ig h t (in m m ); N w p : n u m b e r o f w h o rls o f v e tig a s tr o p o d s w h o s e s y s te m a tic p o s itio n is n o t y e t th e p ro to c o n c h ; N w t: n u m b e r o f w h o rls o f th e w e ll u n d e r s to o d ( B o u c h e t P. & R o c r o i J .P., 2 0 0 5 ) . te le o c o n c h ; W : m a x im u m w id th (in m m ); A P C : It in c lu d e s tw o g e n e ra , Pendroma D a ll, 1 9 2 7 a n d A ttilio P a g li c o lle c tio n (L a ri, Ita ly ); C B C : C e s a re P a la z z i, 1 9 8 8 . T h e la tte r c o m p ris e s fe w B o g i c o lle c tio n (L e g h o rn , Ita ly ); C S C : C a rlo s p e c ie s ( G o f a s , 2 0 1 4 ) , o n ly tw o o f th e m b e lo n g to S b r a n a c o lle c tio n ( L e g h o r n , I ta ly ) ; F C C : F r a n c e s c o Rugulina Rugulina fragilis ( S a r s R. monterosatoi ( v a n A a r t s e n & th e E u r o p e a n f a u n a : G .O ., C h iria c o 1878) and B o g i, F ran cesco c o lle c tio n (L eg h o rn , G iu sti c o lle c tio n Ita ly ); FGC: (L e g h o rn , Ita ly ); 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e ir tr o u b le d n o m e n c la tu r a l a n d ta x o n o m ic R R C : R o m u a ld o R o c c h in i c o lle c tio n (P isto ia , h is to rie s a re w e ll d o c u m e n te d b y W a ré n (1 9 9 1 ). Ita ly ). O n ly R. monterosatoi h a s p r e v io u s ly b e e n f o u n d in th e M e d ite r r a n e a n S e a . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MATERIAL AND METHODS Taxonomy A ll m a te r ia l w a s p ic k e d u p f r o m b o tto m s a m p le s tr a w le d b y lo c a l f is h e r m e n . S h e lls w e r e s tu d ie s w ith C la s s G a s tr o p o d a C u v ie r, 1 7 9 5 a s te re o m ic ro s c o p e . P h o to s w e re ta k e n w ith a d i- S u b c la s s V e tig a s tr o p o d a S a lv in i- P la w e n , 1 9 8 0 g ita l p h o to c a m e ra . T h e p ro to c o n c h w h o rls a re F a m ily P e n d r o m id a e W a r é n , 1 9 9 1 c o u n te d a c c o r d in g to th e m e th o d o f Ve r d u in ( 1 9 7 7 ) . G enus Rugulina P a la z z i, 1988 FRANCESCO GIUSTI ET ALII 80 Rugulina fragilis ( S a r s G .O ., 1 8 7 8 ) ( F ig s . 1 – 3 , 5 ) O u te r lip s h a rp . C o lu m e lla c u rv e d , s im p le . B a s e q u ite f la tte n e d . U m b ilic u s w id e . S c u lp tu r e o f s u b tle Adeorbis fragilis G .O . S a r s , 1 8 7 8 : 2 1 3 , ta b . 2 2 , f ig s . Rugulina fragilis: W a r é n , 1 9 9 1 : 7 1 – 7 3 , f ig s 11 A -E , o rn a m e n te d w ith a s o m e w h a t n e t-s h a p e d m ic ro s c u lp tu r e o f ir r e g u la r d is c o n tin u o u s lin e s . 13A , B Rugulina fragilis: B e c k e t a l., 2 0 0 6 : 4 7 Rugulina fragilis: H o ffm a n e t a l., 2 0 1 0 : 4 9 , fig s . 1 – 3 tenuis et fragilis, albida, leviter rufescens, exacte trochiformis, spira elevata, anfractibus 4 convexis, ultimo permagno et amplo basi leviter applanata, sutura profunda, apertura patula, oblique expansa, forma ovatoelliptica, labro externo tenuissimo, obliquo, columella æqualiter incurvata, umbilico magno et profundo crista nulla a basi difinito. Superficies vix nitida, lineis spiralibus, elevatis, regularibus obducta. Diam. basis 2,0 mm; altit. 1,7 mm." O R IG IN A L s p ir a l th r e a d s ( 9 – 1 4 o n th e la s t w h o r l) , m o r e c lo s e s e t in th e p e r iu m b ilic a l z o n e . S h e ll s u r f a c e f u r th e r 1 9 a – c ( F ig . 4 ) D E S C R IP T IO N . " Testa R E M A R K S . T h e m e d ite rra n e a n s h e lls m a tc h fragilis R. in a ll r e s p e c ts . T h e o n ly s im ila r s p e c ie s is th e c o g e n e r ic R. monterosatoi, w h ic h is c o n s ta n tly s m a lle r ( m a x im u m W : 0 .8 5 m m ; m a x im u m H : 0 .8 0 m m ) . I ts s p ir a l s c u lp tu r e h a s o n ly 2 s tr o n g p e r iu m b ilic a l c o r d s f o r m in g a s o r t o f k e e l a n d 1 a d a p ic a l th r e a d . T h e p r o to c o n c h a r e c o m p a r a b le in s iz e ( D p : a b o u t 1 8 5 µ m ) ( A a r ts e n v a n & B o g i, 1 9 8 7 ; W a r é n , 1 9 9 1 ; p e r s . o b s .) ( F i g s . 7 – 9 ) . C o m p a r i n g s i m i l a rs iz e d s h e lls o f R. fragilis a n d R. monterosatoi, th e la tte r h a s a m o r e g lo b u la r o u tlin e , a m o r e d e p r e s s e d s p ir e , le s s e x p a n d e d w h o r ls , th e o u tlin e o f th e la s t w h o rl a p p e a rs m o re s q u a ris h d u e to th e s p ira l [T h e s h e ll is th in a n d fra g ile , w h itis h , s lig h tly s c u l p t u r e , t h e u m b i l i c u s i s s m a l l e r, a n d t h e p r o t o - r e d d is h , p e r f e c tly tr o c h if o r m , w ith e le v a te d s p ir e , 4 c o n c h le s s tilte d ( F ig s . 5 - 6 ) . N o te th a t th e s h e ll in c o n v e x w h o r ls , th e la s t is la rg e a n d w id e w ith th e f i g . 6 i s g e r o n t i c , b e i n g l a rg e r f o r t h e s p e c i e s a n d b a s e s lig h tly f la tte n e d , s u tu r e d e e p , a p e r tu r e w id e , h a v in g th e la s t w h o r l s lig h tly lo o s e . I t is n e v e r th e - o b liq u e ly e x p a n d e d , o v a te - e llip tic , th e e x te r n a l lip le s s c le a r ly d iff e r e n t f r o m is v e ry th in , o b liq u e , th e c o lu m e lla is re g u la rly A s h e ll s im ila r to R. fragilis. R. fragilis ( F i g s . 10–13) w as c u r v e d , th e u m b ilic u s is la rg e a n d d e e p , th e r e is n o fo u n d in th e s a m e b o tto m s a m p le (H : 1 .2 0 m m ; k e e l o n th e b a s e . S u r f a c e b a r e ly s h in in g , r e g u la r ly W : 1 .4 0 m m ; N w t: 1 .7 ). It d iffe rs fro m th e la tte r c o v e re d w ith ra is e d s p ira l lin e s . D ia m e te r a t th e in h a v in g a le s s c o n ic a l o u tlin e , a s tro n g e r m ic ro s - b a s e 2 .0 m m ; h e ig h t 1 .7 m m .] c u ltp u re , a p ro to c o n c h n o t tilte d , la rg e r in d ia - E X A M IN E D M AT E R IA L . Rugulina fragilis: o ff C a p o C o rs o (C o rs ic a , F ra n c e ) 6 0 0 m , 2 s h e lls in C S C , 6 s h e lls in F G C , 1 s h e ll in A P C . fragilis: 1 s h e ll Rugulina c f . o ff C a p o C o rs o (C o rs ic a , F ra n c e ) 6 0 0 m , in CSC. Rugulina monterosatoi: o ff G o rg o n a Is la n d (L e g h o rn , Ita ly ) 4 0 0 m , 4 s h e lls in R R C , 1 s h e ll in C S C , 1 s h e ll in F C C ; 3 s h e lls o ff G o rg o n a I s la n d ( L e g h o r n , I ta ly ) 3 0 0 m , in A P C ; 1 3 s h e lls , A lb o ra n S e a (S p a in ) 1 6 0 m , in C B C ; 4 s h e lls o ff G ig lio Is la n d (G ro s s e to , Ita ly ) 4 0 0 m , in C B C ; 4 s h e lls o ff C a p ra ia Is la n d (L e g h o rn , Ita ly ) u n iq u e sp e c im e n , w e p re fe r to le a v e its sta tu s open. Rugulina fragilis is p r e v io u s ly k n o w n f r o m th e N o r th e r n A tla n tic O c e a n , r a n g in g f r o m E G r e e n la n d to N o rw a y (W a ré n , 1 9 9 1 ; H o ffm a n e t a l., 2 0 1 0 ), a n d th e S e in e s e a m o u n t, o ff th e m o r r o c c a n c o a s ts ( B e c k e t a l., 2 0 0 6 ) . T h is is th e f ir s t r e c o r d f r o m th e M e d ite r r a n e a n S e a . A lth o u g h n o liv in g s p e c im e n s w e re fo u n d , th e s h e lls a re in g o o d c o n d itio n s . Rugulina fragilis s h o u ld b e a d d e d to th e re c e n t m e d ite r r a n e a n m a la c o f a u n a . 5 0 0 m , in F G C . D E S C R IP T IO N m e te r (N w p : 0 .6 ; D p : a b o u t 2 7 0 µ m ). B e in g a n O F T H E E X A M IN E D S H E L L S . S m a ll, th in a n d f r a g ile , b r o a d ly c o n ic a l ( h e ig h t: 1 .0 0 - 1 .6 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS m m ; w id th : 1 .1 5 – 2 .0 5 m m ) , w h itis h a n d s e m itr a n s p a r e n t. P r o to c o n c h ( 0 .5 – 0 .6 w h o r ls ; d ia m e te r a b o u t The a u th o rs are g ra te fu l to C esare B ogi 1 8 5 µ m ) p ro tru d in g , p a u c is p ira l, s m o o th , tilte d , ( L e g h o r n , I ta ly ) , R o m in a R o c c h in i ( P is to ia , I ta ly ) , b o r d e r w ith th e te le o c o n c h c le a r. T e le o c o n c h w h o r ls A ttilio P a g li (L a ri, Ita ly ), A le s s a n d ro R a v e g g i (2 .2 – 2 .6 ) c o n v e x , fa irly e x p a n d in g , s u tu re d e e p . (F lo re n c e , Ita ly ), F ra n c e s c o C h iria c o (L e g h o rn , A p e rtu re b ro a d , o v a te , p ro s o c lin e (s e e n la te ra lly ). Ita ly ), S te fa n o B a rto lin i (F lo re n c e , Ita ly ) fo r th e First record of Rugulina fragilis from the Mediterranean Sea (Mollusca Gastropoda Pendromidae) F ig u r e s 1 – 3 : 81 Rugulina fragilis, o ff C a p o C o r s o , 6 0 0 m , 1 .9 0 m m x 1 .5 0 m m ; F ig . 1 : f r o n ta l v ie w ; F ig . 2 : a p ic a l v ie w ; F ig . Adeorbis fragilis ( f r o m S a r s , 1 8 7 8 , p l. 2 2 , f ig s . 1 9 a , m o d if ie d ) . F ig . 5 : R. fragilis, o ff C a p o C o r s o , 6 0 0 x 1 .0 0 m m . F ig . 6 : R. monterosatoi, o ff G ig lio I s la n d , 4 0 0 m , 1 .0 0 m m x 1 .0 0 m m . F ig s . 7 – 9 : R. monterosatoi, 3 : b a s a l v ie w . F ig . 4 : m , 1 .1 5 m m o ff G o rg o n a I s la n d , 4 0 0 m , 0 .7 7 m m x 0 .7 7 m m ; F ig . 7 : f r o n ta l v ie w ; F ig . 8 : a p ic a l v ie w ; F ig . 9 : p r o to c o n c h . F ig s . 1 0 – 1 3 : R. c f . fragilis, s a m e lo c a lity a s F ig s . 1 – 3 , 1 .4 0 m m x 1 .2 0 m m ; F ig . 1 0 : f r o n ta l v ie w ; F ig . 1 1 : a p ic a l v ie w ; F ig . 1 2 : p r o to c o n c h ; F ig . 1 3 : d e ta ils o f th e s c u lp tu r e . FRANCESCO GIUSTI ET ALII 82 lo a n o f m a te r ia l. S in c e r e th a n k s a r e d u e to C e s a r e B o g i f o r u s e f u l a d v ic e s , to S te f a n o B a r to lin i f o r d ig ita l p h o to g r a p h s a n d to E n z o C a m p a n i ( L e g h o r n , I ta ly ) f o r r e a d in g th e m a n u s c r ip t. T h a n k s to P a tr ic k L a F o lle tte ( C a th e d r a l C ity, U .S .A .) f o r e d itin g th e E n g lis h m a n u s c r ip t. B o u c h e t P. & R o c ro i J .P., 2 0 0 5 . C la s s ific a tio n a n d n o m e n c la to r o f g a s tr o p o d f a m ilie s . M a la c o lo g ia , 4 7 : 1 – 3 9 7 . G o fa s S ., 2 0 1 4 . Rugulina th ro u g h : W o rld P a la z z i, 1 9 8 8 . A c c e s s e d R e g is te r of M a rin e S p e c ie s at h ttp ://w w w .m a rin e sp e c ie s.o rg /a p h ia .p h p ? p = ta x d e ta ils & id = 1 3 8 3 2 6 o n 2 0 1 4 - 1 2 - 1 0 H o ff m a n L ., V a n H e u g te n B . & L a v a le y e M .S .S ., 2 0 1 0 . S k e n e im o r p h s p e c ie s ( G a s tr o p o d a ) f r o m th e R o c k a ll a n d H a tto n B a n k s , n o rth e a s te rn A tla n tic O c e a n . REFERENCES M is c e lla n e a M a la c o lo g ic a , 4 : 4 7 – 6 1 . S a rs G . O ., 1 8 7 8 . B id ra g til k u n d s k a b e n o m N o rg e s Daronia monterosatoi a r k tis k e f a u n a : 1 . M o llu s c a r e g io n is A r c tic a e N o r v e - a n e w M e d ite r r a n e a n g a s tr o p o d a . B o lle ttin o M a la c o - g ia e . O v e rs ig t o v e r d e i N o rg e s a rk tis k e re g io n lo g ic o , 2 2 : 2 7 3 – 2 7 6 . f o r e k o m m e n d e b l o d d y r. C h r i s t i a n i a , A . W . B r ø g g e r A a r ts e n v a n J . J . & B o g i C ., 1 9 8 7 . B e c k T ., M e tz g e r T . & F r e iw a ld A ., 2 0 0 6 . B io d iv e r s ity X V + 4 6 6 p p ., 3 4 p ls . in v e n to r ia l a tla s o f m a c r o b e n th ic s e a m o u n t a n im a ls . V e r d u i n A ., 1 9 7 7 . O n a r e m a r k a b l e d i m o r p h i s m o f t h e E u - E S F p r o je c t O A S I S , 1 2 6 p p . O c e a n ic s e a m o u n ts : a p ic e s in m a n y g r o u p s o f s y m p a tr ic , c lo s e ly r e la te d a n in te g ra te d s tu d y ; E V K 2 -C T-2 0 0 2 -0 0 0 7 3 , h ttp :// w w w 1 .u n i-h a m b u rg .d e /O A S IS /P a g e s /p u b lic a tio n s / B I A S .p d f . m a r in e g a s tr o p o d s p e c ie s . B a s te r ia , 4 1 : 9 1 – 9 5 . W a ré n A ., 1 9 9 1 . N e w a n d little k n o w n M o llu s c a fro m I c e la n d a n d S c a n d in a v ia . S a r s ia , 7 6 : 5 3 – 1 2 4 .