New or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France. XIV. Paul Diederich1, Damien Ertz2, Marion Eichler3, Rainer Cezanne3, Pieter van den Boom4, Eberhard Fischer5, Dorothee Killmann5, Dries Van den Broeck2 & Emmanuël Sérusiaux6 Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L–2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg (paul.diederich@education.lu) Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Domaine de Bouchout, B–1860 Meise, Belgique (damien.ertz@br.fgov.be; dries.vandenbroeck@br.fgov.be) 3 Kaupstraβe 43, D–64289 Darmstadt, Germany (eichler-cezanne@t-online.de) 4 Arafura 16, NL–5691 JA Son, he Netherlands (pvdboom@kpnmail.nl) 5 Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätstraße 1, D–56070 Koblenz, Germany (eischer@uni-koblenz.de; killmann@uni-koblenz.de) 6 Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B–4000 Liège, Belgium (e.serusiaux@ulg.ac.be) 1 2 Diederich, P., D. Ertz, M. Eichler, R. Cezanne, P. van den Boom, E. Fischer, D. Killmann, D. Van den Broeck & E. Sérusiaux, 2012. New or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France. XIV. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 113: 95-115. Abstract. Studies of large and mainly recent collections of lichens and lichenicolous fungi led to the addition of 27 taxa to the lora of Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France: Arthonia coronata, A. mediella, Candelaria paciica, Chaenothecopsis parasitaster, Dacampia cyrtellae, Dactylospora parellaria, Diplotomma epipolium var. parasiticum, Epigloea urosperma, Graphis betulina, Graphium aphthosae (also new to the Netherlands), Lepraria toensbergiana (also new to France), Lichenopeltella maculans (also new to France), Melaspilea bagliettoana, Miriquidica atrofulva, Mycocalicium subtile, Phaeopyxis punctum, Phaeosporobolus chlaroterae (also new to Norway), Placynthium posterulum, Pleospora physciae, Pronectria septemseptata, Sclerophora amabilis, Spiloma auratum, Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum, Strangospora deplanata, Trapeliopsis wallrothii, Tylophoron hibernicum and Xanthoria ucrainica. 11 additional taxa were reported in recent publications: Buellia saxorum, Cladophialophora cladoniae, Fusicladium peltigericola, Gra­ phis macrocarpa, G. pulverulenta, Laetisaria lichenicola, Lichenoconium aeruginosum, Ochrolechia mahluensis, Phoma icuzzae, Trimmatostroma quercicola and Verrucaria rhizicola. New to Belgium: Echinodiscus lesdainii, Tremella hypogymniae; new to Luxembourg: Caloplaca arcis; new to France: Graphis macrocarpa, Laetisaria lichenicola, Lichenochora obscuroides, L. weillii, Lichen­ opeltella peltigericola. Additional notes are given on some rare and threatened macrolichen species. Arthonia digitatae and Placynthium stenophyllum have to be deleted from the checklist. he following new combinations are proposed: Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz (basionym Opegrapha culmigena), A. ochrocincta (Werner) Ertz (O. ochrocincta), A. variiformis (Anzi) Ertz (O. varii­ formis), A. viridipruinosa (B. J. Coppins & R. Yahr) Ertz (O. viridipruinosa), Zwackhia bonplandii (Fée) Ertz (O. bonplandii), Z. circumducta (Nyl.) Ertz (O. circumducta), Z. prosodea (Ach.) Ertz (O. prosodea), Z. robusta (Vain.) Ertz (O. robusta) and Z. sorediifera (P. James) Ertz (O. sorediifera). 1. Introduction his paper continues the series of notes on the lora of lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France (Diederich & Sérusiaux 2000, Eichler et al. 2010). It further includes the most recent updates regarding nomenclature and taxonomy of the species present in our study Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) area. In the enumeration of specimens, the abbreviation ‘h’ refers to the private herbarium of the collector. he term ‘checklist’ is used for the checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France (Diederich et al. 2012), and the term ‘checklist area’ is used for the area covered by that checklist. 95 2. Survey of other publications on the lichen lora and vegetation of the checklist area Crous et al. (2010) described the new hyphomycete Fusicladium peltigericola Crous & Diederich, isolated from galls on Peltigera rufescens induced by Hawksworthiana pelti­ gericola, collected in Luxembourg. Diederich (2010) described the new lichenicolous hyphomycete Sclerococcum cladoniae Diederich, developing minuscule sporodochia on the thallus of Cladonia species in Luxembourg. Because of morphological similarities with the lichenicolous Cladophi­ alophora parmeliae, the species was eventually combined in that genus, as C. cladoniae (Diederich) Diederich (Diederich et al. 2012). Diederich et al. (2010) described the facultative lichenicolous hyphomycete Trim­ matostroma quercicola Diederich, U. Braun & Heuchert, growing over dying lichens on Quercus bark or sometimes directly on the bark, in Luxembourg and Belgium. Diederich et al. (2011) described the new lichenicolous basidiomycete Laetisaria lichenicola, Diederich, Lawrey & Van den Broeck collected on corticolous Physcia species in Luxembourg, Belgium and Germany. An additional French specimen has recently been examined by us: France, Var, Haute Siagne, c. 3.5 km S of Fayence, 1.5 km N of St-Paul-en-Forêt, area ‘Trestaure’ NE of camping site ‘le Parc’, on Quercus pubescens, on Physcia adscendens, 25.4.2000, Triebel & Rambold, Triebel: Microfungi Exsiccati 540 [GZU! (with Marchandiomyces corallinus), BPI (examined by Dr M. Ghobadnejhad)]. Duvivier et al. (2011) discovered Buellia sax­ orum A. Massal., a species new to our checklist area, in the Sambre valley in Belgium. In his remarkable revision of European Ochrolechia, Kukwa (2011) reported several species from our checklist area: O. androgyna (Hofm.) Arnold s.str. (Belgium, Luxembourg), O. bahusiensis H. Magn. (Belgium, Luxembourg), O. mahluensis Räsänen (Luxembourg), O. microstictoides Räsänen (Belgium), O. parella (L.) A. Massal. (France: Ardennes), O. subviridis (Høeg) Erichsen (Belgium, Luxembourg, France: Pas-de-Cal96 ais) and O. turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot (Belgium, Luxembourg, France: Meuse). Ochrolechia mahluensis is reported for the irst time from our checklist area. Lawrey et al. (2011) presented a molecular phylogenetic study of the lichenicolous genus Lichenoconium and described a new species, Lichenoconium aeruginosum Diederich, M. Brand, van den Boom & Lawrey, collected in Luxembourg, northern France and the Netherlands. he new Verrucaria rhizicola Aptroot & hüs has been described from the forêt de Boulogne in France (Boul. district) (Lumbsch et al. 2011), where it grew on roots of Alnus occasionally immersed in a rivulet. Stieperaere & Van den Broeck (2011) and Van den Broeck & De Beer (2011) presented inventories of lichens and mosses in several Flemish nature reserves. Van den Broeck & Diederich (2011) published an inventory of the lichen lora of the cemetery of Steenbrugge near Brugge. Van den Broeck (2011a) summarized the eforts of lichen mapping in the Antwerp Province in Belgium and presented new lichen records from 12 localities, incl. Fuscidea pusilla Tønsberg newly reported from our checklist area; however, unpublished studies by Van den Broeck & Ertz questioned if F. pusilla can be distinguished from young and sterile F. lightfootii in Belgium and Luxembourg, and therefore we will not include the species in our checklist until more evidence, based on the entire material of the checklist area, is available. Van den Broeck (2011b) presented the report of an excursion to Limburg (Flanders), where they discovered Lemmopsis arnoldiana (new to Belgium) and Cladonia cariosa (new to Flanders). Van den Broeck & Ertz (2011) reported 189 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi growing around the National Botanic Garden of Belgium, representing the highest number of species ever observed in one area in Flanders. Van den Broeck (2010) documented the increase of lichens with Trentepohlia in Flanders. In a phylogenetical study of lichenicolous Phoma species, Lawrey et al. (2012) reported P. icuzzae Brackel from France, Pas-deCalais on the thallus of Ramalina fastigiata; Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) the species is new to our checklist area and to France. Phoma cladoniicola Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo, previously known only from Cladonia, has also been found on Ramalina pollinaria and Squamarina car­ tilaginea in our area of study, and P. folia­ ceiphila Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo, formerly known only from Cladonia, has been reported from Parmelia sulcata in Belgium. Ecological papers mentioning lichens in the checklist area are rare and it is therefore of interest to report the recent publication by Verstraeten et al. (2012) on the impact of declining atmospheric deposition in Flanders (northern part of Belgium); they report that ‘Despite substantial reductions, current N deposition levels still exceed 4–8 times the critical load for safeguarding sensitive lichen species, and are still 22–69 % above the critical load for maintaining ground vegetation diversity’. 3. Taxonomical and nomenclatural changes Harris (2009) introduced the new generic name Leimonis R. C. Harris for Micarea erratica (Körb.) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann [as Leimonis erratica (Körb.) R. C. Harris & Lendemer]. Sérusiaux et al. (2010) included this species in a molecular phylogenetic analysis and explained that further studies are required to understand the position of this and several other closely related Micarea species. We prefer therefore to wait until more results become available, and to continue treating this species within Micarea. A molecular study of the Physcia aipolia­P. caesia group supports recognition of P. sub­ albinea as distinct from P. caesia, and also the distinction of P. aipolia and P. caesia (Lohtander et al. 2009). Baloch et al. (2010) suggested that Belonia and Pachyphiale are synonyms of Gyalecta, based on molecular data, but they did not introduce any new combinations. Amongst the species known from our checklist area, Pachyphiale carneola (Ach.) Arnold has consequently to be named Gyalecta car­ neola (Ach.) Hellb., and P. fagicola (Arnold) Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Zwackh becomes G. fagicola (Arnold) Kremp., whilst Belonia nidarosiensis (Kindt) P.M. Jørg. & Vězda has never been combined in Gyalecta so far. Etayo & Triebel (2010) showed that Clypeo­ coccum psoromatis (A. Massal.) Etayo is the correct name to be used for the lichenicolous ascomycete traditionally called C. epi­ crassum (H. Olivier) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux. Laundon (2010) described the new Lecanora antiqua J. R. Laundon for the species commonly called L. conferta auct. He further explained that L. saxicola (Pollich) Ach. is the correct name for L. muralis Rabenh., but that a formal proposal to retain the current name L. muralis may eventually be published. herefore, we will continue using the name L. muralis in our checklist. In a molecular study of the Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow group (Piercey-Normore et al. 2010), the authors recommended recognizing C. mitis Sandst. at subspecies level, as C. arbuscula subsp. mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss. Furthermore, they provisionally suggested including subsp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Burgaz in subsp. beringiana Ahti. As long as subsp. arbuscula has not been subjected to molecular analyses, we prefer, however, to continue using the name C. arbuscula subsp. squarrosa. Pino-Bodas et al. (2010) showed in a phylogenetic study that Cladonia rei Schaer. and C. subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg. are two distinct species, characterized by a diferent chemistry and subtle morphological diferences, in addition to diferent ecological requirements. Arup & Sandler Berlin (2011) carried out a morphometric and a molecular analysis of Melanelixia fuliginosa and concluded that the two subspecies fuliginosa and glabratula represent distinct species. he new combination Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler & Arup is subsequently proposed. Diederich & van den Boom (2011) introduced the new name Verrucaria breussii Diederich & van den Boom for the species previously named V. sorbinea Breuss. he species is currently known from Luxembourg (type locality), Belgium and Spain (Mallorca) (Breuss 1998, Sérusiaux et al. 2003). 97 Ertz & Tehler (2011a, 2011b) presented a new phylogeny of several groups within the Arthoniales, together with taxonomic implications. he following taxonomic changes refer to taxa from our checklist: Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler (= Opegrapha ochrocheila), A. varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler (= O. varia), Dendrographa decolorans (Sm.) Ertz & Tehler (= Schismatomma decolorans), D. latebrarum (Ach.) Ertz & Tehler (= Lecanactis latebrarum), Sparria endlicheri (Garaov.) Ertz & Tehler (= Arthonia endlicheri), Zwackhia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied. (= Opegrapha viridis). Hafellner (2011) revised the generic circumscription of Merismatium and reinstated the genus Halospora for the species presenting a distinct perispore. Amongst the species present in our checklist area, the following taxa are concerned: Halospora deminuta (Arnold) Tomas. & Cif., H. discre­ pans (Arnold) Hafellner and H. scammoeca (Lettau) Hafellner. A new taxonomy of Graphis scripta s. lat., proposed by Neuwirth & Aptroot (2011), will be discussed below. Spribille et al. (2011) demonstrated that Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr. does not group with the other known species of Mycoblastus. Subsequently, they introduced the new generic name Violella and the new combination Violella fucatus (Stirt.) T. Sprib. Westberg et al. (2011) described the new genus Silobia M. Westb. & Wedin for the Acarospora smaragdula complex. Later, Roux & Navarro-Rosinés (2011) explained that Trimmatothelopsis Zschacke is an earlier name for this group. Arcadia & Knudsen (2012) eventually found that the correct name for this genus is Myriospora Uloth. One of those species is known from our checklist area, viz. M. rufescens (Ach.) Uloth (= Acarospora rufescens (Ach.) Kremp.). An additional species, M. smaragdula (Ach.) Uloth has been reported several times from this area, but the corresponding material from Belgium and northern France is now included in M. rufescens. In the same paper, the new genus Caeruleum K. Knudsen & L. Arcadia is described, with the type species C. heppii (Körb.) K. Knudsen & L. Arca98 dia (= Acarospora heppii Körb., Myriospora heppii Hepp nom. inval.). Diederich et al. (2012) used molecular and morphological characters to show that the lichenicolous coelomycete Phoma cytospora belongs to the Arthoniaceae. hey subsequently described the new genus Briancop­ pinsia for it and proposed the new combination B. cytospora (Vouaux) Diederich, Ertz, Lawrey & van den Boom. Schmitt et al. (2012) proposed a new circumscription of Varicellaria, by including also species with aseptate ascospores previously treated in Pertusaria. Two species from our checklist area are concerned: V. hemisphaerica (Flörke) Schmitt & Lumbsch (=Pertusaria hemisphaerica) and V. lactea (L.) Schmitt & Lumbsch (=P. lactea). A phylogenetic analysis of Xanthoria s. lat. (Fedorenko et al. 2012) resulted in a new arrangement of these taxa in a number of monophyletic groups and in the description of several new genera. Most Xanthoria species from our checklist area were subsequently combined in other genera. However, as almost all Caloplaca species were missing in this analysis, we consider it as premature to adopt the new nomenclature proposed by these authors. 4. New or interesting reports Arthonia coronata Etayo Belgium, Mosan: Romedenne, argilière à 1 km au SW du village, rive droite du ruisseau ‘La Chinelle’ (J5.13), pelouse argilo-schisteuse très vaste, sur Cladonia subulata/rei, 2004, Ertz 7277 & Duvivier (BR). Luxembourg: S. loc., on Cladonia subulata, < 1850, Tinant 659 (LUX). he Luxembourg specimen had been published as Arthonia digitatae Hafellner by Sérusiaux et al. (2003), but eventually proved to belong to A. coronata, initially described from Flavoparmelia caperata, but later also reported from Cladonia thalli, and characterized by the presence of numerous, brown hairs covering the ascomata (Svensson & Westberg 2010). he species is new to our checklist area, whilst Arthonia digitatae has to be removed from that list. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Arthonia mediella Nyl. France, Mosan: Nord, N of Fourmies, NE of Willies, S of Clairfayts, W of road D83, W side of bois de Tout Vent (J4.21), open forest with Carpinus and a few mature Quercus trees, on Quercus, 2010, van den Boom 44895 (h). his rare species is new to the checklist area. Caloplaca arcis (Poelt & Vězda) Arup Luxembourg, Ard.: Bourscheid, château (K8.34), rochers siliceux et murs autour du château, 2011, Diederich 17202 (h) & Aptroot. – Lorr.: Schengen, Stützmauer an der Mosel (M9.52), auf Horizontalläche von Mauer, 2011, Cezanne & Eichler 8301 (h, hb Diederich). his species has recently been published from Belgium (Diederich et al. 2009) and is here reported as new to Luxembourg. Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein Belgium, Mar.: Zevekote (C1.44), on Populus, 1962, Delvosalle (LG). – Fl.: Mechelen, Vrijbroekpark, public park (D4.27), on Acer, 2005, Van den Broeck 2335 (BR); Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Waver, cemetery (D5.11), on Salix, 2004, Van den Broeck 2167 (BR); Terhagen (Rumst), clay pits (D416), on Salix, 2004, Van den Broeck 1397 (BR); Niel, cemetery (C4.55), on Tilia, 2004, Van den Broeck 1340 (BR); Maldegem, Torredreef, trees along the road (C2.35), on Populus 2008, Van den Broeck 2633 (BR); Kortrijk, parking of petrol station along highway E17/R8 (E2.42), on Popu­ lus, 2011, Van den Broeck 5451 (BR). – Camp.: Arendonk, settlement Huiskens, trees along the road (B6.52), on Quercus, 2003, Van den Broeck 1222 (BR); Merksplas, Carons Hoke, castle park (B5.36), on Malus, 2003, Van den Broeck 1314 (BR). – Brab.: Uccle (E4.45), < 1900, Delogne (BR-LICH 2467-42); Brussels, Anderlecht, Felix Paulsenlaan (E4.24), on Acer, 2004, Van den Broeck 714 (BR); Brussels, Anderlecht, Minister Wautersplein, basketsports park (E4.34), on Tilia, 2011, Van den Broeck 5462 (BR); Brussels, Haren, Sint-Elisabethstraat, pétanque court (E4.16), on Tilia, 2011, Van den Broeck 5460 (BR); Brussels, Oudergem, Guillaume Van Néromstraat (E4.37), on Tilia, 2011, Van den Broeck 5459 (BR); Brussels, Schaarbeek, Paul Hymanslaan, along road in residential area (E4.27), on Tilia, 2011, Van den Broeck 5457 (BR); Brussels (E4.26), cemetery, 2011, Van den Broeck 5076 (BR); Brussels, Claessensstraat (E4.25), bomen langsheen kanaal, 2011, Van den Broeck 5077 (BR); Brussels, Antwerpsesteenweg (E4.25), park, 2011, Van den Broeck 5078 (BR). – Mosan: Boussu-lez-Walcourt, route de Beaumont (H4.55), sur Ulmus, 1964, Lambinon Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) 64/1544 (LG); Serinchamps, dans le village (H6.45), sur Aesculus, 1959, Lambinon 59/190bis (LG); Merlemont, près de la route GivetPhilippeville (J5.12), sur Tilia, 1959, Lambinon 59/666 (LG); Philippeville, entrée W de la ville (H5.51), sur Populus, 1959, Lambinon 59/656bis (LG); Gonrieux, entre Gonrieux et Dailly, au bord de la route Couvin-Chimay (J4.57), sur Ulmus, 1964, Lambinon 64/40 (LG). – Ard.: Env. de Tournay (K6.58), < 1900, herb. Westendorp (BR-LICH 2465-40); Falize (G8.42), 1958, Müller (LG); Beausaint, au bord de la route La RocheChamplon (J7.13), sur Tilia, 1964, Lambinon 64/810 (LG); Boutonville (comm. de Baileux), au bord de la route Chimay-Couvain (J4.56), sur Ulmus, 1964, Lambinon 64/481 (LG); Eupen, à proximité de la route de Welkenraedt, peu avant la limite communale (F8.33), sur Fraxinus, 1963, Lambinon 63/238 (LG); Macon, Hainaut, le long de la route vers Chimay (J4.53), sur Ulmus, 1962, J. Duvigneaud 62/526 (LG); Charneux (Harsin), au bord de la route Marche-Arlon (F8.52), sur Fraxinus, 1962, Lambinon 62/1517 (LG); entre Louette St. Pierre et Houdrémont (K5.28), sur Ulmus, 1960, Lambinon 60/2226 (LG); Jupille (comm. Hodister), près de l’Ourthe (H7.52), sur Sambucus nigra, 1959, Lambinon 66/153 (LG). – Lorr.: Torgny, bord de la route près de la chapelle N.D. des Aligés (M7.42), sur Fraxinus, 1965, Lambinon 65/651 (LG); Chassepierre, au bord de la route de Florenville (L6.46), sur Fraxinus, 1962, Lambinon 62/1831 (LG); Tintigny, bord de la route de Sainte-Marie-sur-Semois (L7.52), sur Fraxinus, 1962, Lambinon 62/1867 (LG). Luxembourg, Lorr.: Cruchten (L8.15), 1889, Felt­ gen 24 (LUX); Bissen (L8.24), 1890, Feltgen 25 (LUX); Christnach, village (L8.28), sur Malus, 1966, Lambinon 66/1400 (LG); Schrondweiler, bord de la route de Larochette (L8.16), sur Sorbus, 1966, Lambinon 66/1381 (LG); à l’W de Remich, au N du Reckingerhof (M9.31), sur Malus, 1980, Diederich 2695 (h). France, Picard: Somme, Rambure, parc du château de Rambure (K22.26), 2001, Diederich 15046 (h). – Ard.: Ardennes, Entre We et Osnes, route Carignan-Clémency (M6.14), 1968, Lambinon 68/314 (LG). Westberg & Arup (2010, 2011) demonstrated that Candelaria concolor s. lat. consists of two distinct species, C. concolor s. str. and the new C. paciica. Although the latter was initially described from North America, it eventually proved to be widespread and common in Europe. Candelaria paciica is rather easily distinguished from C. concolor by a combination of several morphological characters, especially the non-corticate 99 Fig. 1. Arthonia coronata (Tinant 659), a lichenicolous ascomycete developing over podetia of Cladonia species. Section through ascoma in H2O. Scale bar: 50 μm. Fig. 2. Arthonia coronata (Tinant 659). Surface view of ascoma margin in H2O, showing the characteristic brown hairs. Scale bar: 50 μm. lower surface of the thallus (Stapper 2012). A revision of the entire herbarium material from our checklist area showed that approximately half of the specimens belong to each of the two species. Interestingly, the many specimens collected by J. De Sloover in the Dender valley in Belgium (Brab). in the 1960s all belong to C. paciica. On the other hand, all but one of the many specimens collected in Belgium (Fl. and Brab.) by D. Van den Broeck ater 2000 belong to C. concolor, suggesting that this species became more abundant in recent years. Similarly, P. van den Boom observed that C. paciica is very rare in the Netherlands, while C. con­ color is rather common now. Candelaria paciica M. Westb. & Arup Belgium, Fl.: Hofstade, vers Gijzegem (Aalst) (D3.48), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 272 (LG). – Brab.: Welle (Meersen) (E3.18), sur Populus, 1954, De Sloover 248 (LG); Sint-Goriks-Oudenhove (E3.23), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 290 100 (LG); Sint-Martens-Lierde, Den Berg (E3.44), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 185 (LG); Denderwindeke, limite vers Sondbergen, vers Pollane (E3.47), sur Fraxinus, 1962, De Sloover 207 (LG); Vallée du Molenbeek, Outer (E3.27), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 61 (LG); Aspelare, Baverbeek (E3.26), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 217 (LG); Woubrechtegem (E3.26), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 219 (LG); Goeferdinge, Duitsebroek (E3.54), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 222 (LG); Zarlardingen, Koreelestraat (E3.54), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 223 (LG); Galmaarden, vallée de la Mark, limite vers Vione (E3.56), sur Popu­ lus, 1962, De Sloover 230 (LG); Sint-Lievens-Esse (E4.31), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 291 (LG); à l’W de Herzele, vers Hillegem (E3.15), sur Populus, 1962, De Sloover 299 (LG); Brussels, J. Graindorlaan (E4.25), sur Tilia, 2011, Van den Broeck 5079 (BR). – Mosan: Badon, comm. de Boussu-lez-Walcourt (H4.56), sur Prunus, 1964, Lambinon 64/1558 (LG); Barbençon, bord route Philippeville, à la sortie du village (H4.54), sur Tilia, 1964, Lambinon 64/1531 (LG); Soulme, près de l’église (J5.25), sur Aesculus, 1960, Lambinon 60/2499 (LG). – Ard.: Beausaint, au bord de la route La Roche-Champlon (J7.13), sur Tilia, 1964, Lambinon 64/811 (LG); ibid., muscicole sur le mur d’une vieille ferme, Lambinon 64/814 (LG); Grumelange (Martelange), dans le village (K7.56), sur Fraxinus, 1964, Lambinon 64/595 (LG); Wisembach (comm. Fauvillers), bord route à la sortie aval du village (K7.55), sur Tilia, 1964, Lambinon 64/1037 (LG); Butgenbach, bord de route dans le village (G8.46), sur Acer and Ulmus, 1969, Lambinon 69/18, 21 (LG); Stoumont, bord de la route vers Gleize, près du château de Froide Cour (G7.47), sur Ulmus, 1965, Lambinon 65/947 (LG); Amberloup, bord de la grand-route entre le village et Sprimont (J7.52), sur Acer, 1966, Lambinon 66/26 (LG); Pont, BellevauxLigneuville (G8.53), sur Acer, 1960, T. Müller (LG); Racelles (comm. de Hodister), au bord de la route Marche - La Roche (J7.12), sur Fagus, 1964, Lambinon 64/351, 352 (LG); Smuid, devant l’église (J6.56), sur Tilia, 1967, Lambinon 67/53 (LG); Ortho, limite N de la commune, ferme du Vivier (J7.24), sur Fraxinus, 1962, Lambinon 62/1550 (LG). Luxembourg, Ard.: N Asselborn, route de Troisvierges (J8.33), sur Tilia, 1967, Lambinon 67/500, 501 (LG); Oberwampach, dans le village (J7.58), sur Tilia, 1987, Diederich 8702 (h), au NE d’Erpeldange (Ettelbruck) (K8.45), sur Pyrus, 1980, Diederich 2369 (h). – Lorr.: Consdorf, bord de route à la sortie E du village (L9.21), sur Aescu­ lus, 1966, Lambinon 66/1404 (LG); Gilsdorf, bord de pâturage, près de la Sûre (K8.46), sur Popu­ lus, 1966, Lambinon 66/1471 (LG); Boevangesur-Attert, au bord de la route Rédange-Colmar Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) (L8.23), sur Tilia, 1967, Lambinon 67/555 (LG); au S de Nagem (L7.28), sur Tilia, 1979, Dieder­ ich 1901 (h); Reichlange (L8.22), sur Tilia, 1979, Diederich 2036 (h); à l’E d’Eppeldorf (K8.58), sur Pyrus, 1980, Diederich 2527, 2537 (h); Erpeldange (Ettelbruck) (K8.45), sur Tilia, 1980, Diederich 2404 (h); Cruchten, vers Schrondweiler (L8.15), sur Fraxinus, 1982, Diederich 6389 (h). France, Ard.: Ardennes, Hargnies, sur la place du village (J5.55), sur Tilia, 1961, Lambinon 61/2013 (LG); Ardennes, entre We et Osnes, route Carignan-Clémency (M6.14), sur Populus, 1968, Lambinon 68/311 (LG). Netherlands: Noord-Brabant, Breugel centre, on Quercus near farm, 1988, van den Boom 6912 (h). LG), and from the surroundings of Mersch (Lorr.) in 1892 (Feltgen 329, LUX). his species is new to our checklist area. his lichenicolous pyrenomycete has recently been described from Germany (Brackel 2010) and seems to be conined to Lecania cyrtella. It is new to our checklist area. Chaenothecopsis parasitaster (Bagl. & Carestia) D. Hawksw. Belgium, Ard.: Malmedy, vallée de la Warche, réserve naturelle ‘Abbé Charles Dubois’ (G8.34), sommet d’un éboulis de gros blocs rocheux siliceux, dans un bois clair de Betula, sur Cladonia polydactyla, 2011, Ertz 16086 (BR). A lichenicolous ascomycete conined to Cla­ donia thalli. New to the checklist area. Cladonia parasitica (Hofm.) Hofm. Luxembourg, Lorr.: Schengen, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Grouf ’ (M9.51), on stump of Quercus, 2010, Eichler & Cezanne G53 (hb Diederich). his is an interesting discovery of a very rare species. Indeed, in Luxembourg, it was known from a specimen in the Our valley (Ard.) collected in 1966 (Lambinon 66/1296, Dacampia cyrtellae Brackel = Dacampia lecaniae Brackel, non Kocourk. & K. Knudsen Belgium, Ard.: NNE of Houfalize, along road N821 to Sommerain, near bridge over river Rau de Sommerain (J7.17), on Sambucus, on Lecania cyrtella, 2011, van den Boom 46061 (h). Luxembourg, Lorr.: Schengen, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Grouf ’ (M9.51), on Sambucus, on L. cyrtella, 2010, Eichler & Cezanne G118 (hb Diederich). Dactylospora parellaria (Nyl.) Arnold France, Mosan: Ardennes, Chooz, rochers de Petit-Chooz sur la rive droite de la Meuse, face au pont (J5.35), aleurement de roches de l’Emsien supérieur (Grauwacke de Hierges), sur Ochro­ lechia parella, 1999, Spier 10387 (hb Diederich). A lichenicolous ascomycete new to our checklist area. Diplotomma epipolium auct., non (Ach.) Arnold var. parasiticum B. de Lesd. France, Mar.: Somme, à l’ouest de St-Valéry-surSomme, au sud-ouest de la pointe du Hourdel, à l’ouest de La Mollière (H22.43), sur des galets près de la mer, sur Lecanora gr. dispersa, 2004, Diederich 15923 (h). Fig. 3. Diplotomma epipolium var. parasiticum, lichenicolous on Lecanora gr. dispersa (Diederich 15923). Scale bar: 1 mm. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) 101 his taxon was described by Bouly de Lesdain (1910) for lichenicolous populations of Diplotomma with a very reduced to almost absent thallus, developing in the apothecia of Lecanora galactina (= L. albescens) and L. umbrina (=? L. hagenii) close to the sea in northern France, Dunkerque. As the type material is probably lost and our specimen the only known specimen that can be referred to this taxon, it is not possible at this moment to decide if these lichenicolous populations represent a distinct species, or if they belong to a usually lichenized species of Diplotomma, but with a reduced thallus and an unusual way of life. Consequently, we do not propose a new combination, but just want to draw the attention to the existence of a poorly understood lichenicolous taxon on the Lecanora dispersa group. Apothecia in our specimen are mainly 0.2-0.3 mm diam., and ascospores are brown, verrucose even when young, 6–8/ascus, 3-septate, with rarely an additional longitudinal septum, 12.5–16 × (5.5–)6.5–7.5 µm. his taxon is new to our checklist. Echinodiscus lesdainii (Vouaux) Etayo & Diederich Belgium, Ard.: NNE of Houfalize, along road N821 to Sommerain, near bridge over river Rau de Sommerain (J7.17), on Sambucus, on Lecania cyrtella, 2011, van den Boom 45810 (h). his tiny lichenicolous ascomycete, apparently conined to Lecania species, has been described from northern France near Dunkerque, and has subsequently been reported from the British Isles, Sweden and the U.S.A. (Etayo & Diederich 2000, Kocourková et al. 2010). New to Belgium. Epigloea urosperma Döbbeler Luxembourg, Lorr.: N of Berdorf, Siweschlëf (K9.51), on Placynthiella dasaea, 2011, Eichler & Cezanne s.n. (hb Diederich). Species of Epigloea are not clearly lichenized, but typically overgrow algal and cyanobacterial ilms over stones, mosses or detritus. he only lichenicolous species of the genus, E. urosperma, usually grows over Placyn­ thiella thalli. he species was known from Austria, England, Germany, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland (Döbbeler 1994, Kukwa & 102 Flakus 2009b), and is therefore new to our checklist area. Graphis betulina (Pers.) Ach. Belgium, Brab.: Leuwen (‘Louvain’) (E5.13), on Fraxinus, < 1900, Coemans (BR–LICH 5719– 93). – Ard.: Frahan (K6.51), tronc d’arbre, 1869, Delogne (BR–LICH 9346–34). Luxembourg: S. loc., < 1850, Tinant 267 (LUX). – Lorr.: Berdorf, de Zickzackschlëf vers la vallée de la Sûre (K9.51), sur Fraxinus, 1984, Sérusiaux 6587 (LG); Mullerthal, un peu en amont du pont de la route Berdorf-Grundhof (L9.11), sur Tilia, 1984, Sérusiaux 6532 (LG); SW of Dudelange, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Haard’ (M8.54), on Acer pseudoplatanus, 2012, Eichler & Cezanne 8686 (h, hb Diederich). France, Pic.: Somme, 8 km à l’E de Rue, extrémité NW de la forêt domaniale de Crécy, juste au sud du château de Regnière-Ecluse (H22.27), sur Fagus, 2004, Diederich 15899 (h). Neuwirth & Aptroot (2011) proposed a new taxonomy for Graphis scripta s. lat., recognizing four distinct taxa, G. betulina, G. macrocarpa, G. pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach. and G. scripta (L.) Ach. s. str., and reported all except G. betulina from our checklist area. A quick examination of the herbarium material from our study area, as well as recent ield observations, showed that G. pulverulenta is by far the most common of these species, and that it is usually easily separated from the other three species. Graphis scripta s. str. is less common, and both G. betulina and G. macrocarpa are very rare. We examined several specimens that resemble G. betulina, but some of them do not perfectly it the description given by Neuwirth & Aptroot (2011), suggesting that more studies are needed to better understand the circumscription of this taxon. Molecular phylogenetic studies including the four species will be most welcome, especially in relation with the problematic specimens mentioned above. Only typical specimens of Graphis betulina are enumerated above. he species is new to our checklist area. Graphis macrocarpa (Pers.) Röhl. Luxembourg, Lorr.: SE of Beaufort, Haupeschbaach (K8.58), on Acer, 1992, Diederich 4789 (h). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) France, Pic.: Somme, au N d’Abbeville, forêt domaniale de Crécy, lots 35, 36 et 37 (H21.41), on Carpinus, 2001, Diederich 15090a (h). Neuwirth & Aptroot (2011) published G. macrocarpa from several localities in the Hautes-Fagnes in Belgium (incl. an epitype), and from a single locality near Beaufort in Luxembourg. We report the species here as new to France. Graphium aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw. Luxembourg, Lorr.: à l’E de Tétange, Laangertegronn (M8.54), sur Peltigera et Vezdaea retigera, 1987, Marson (hb Diederich 8709b); au SW d’Esch-sur-Alzette, Lalléngerbierg, au N du lieudit ‘Schamilchen’ (M8.53), sur P. rufescens, 2012, Diederich 17415 (h); à l’W de Steinfort, carrière à l’W de la réserve naturelle (L8.51), sur sol sablonneux, sur squamules de Cladonia pocillum et sur algues terricoles, 2009, Diederich 16831 (h). Netherlands: Noord-Brabant, Eindhoven, Kronehoef, along Boschdijk, churchyard St. Paulus (A7.51), terricolous, on P. didactyla, 2012, van den Boom 47364 (h). his lichenicolous, synnematous hyphomycete was initially described from Peltigera aphthosa (Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990), but has eventually also been reported from other Peltigera species (e.g. Martínez & Hafellner 1998). We have collected morphologically indistinguishable specimens on Peltigera thalli, on goniocysts of Vezdaea retigera present in the same collection, on Cladonia pocillum thalli and on terricolous algae, suggesting a less specialized lichenicolous, and possibly occasionally algicolous species. New to the checklist area. Lepraria toensbergiana Bayerová & Kukwa France, Ard.: Ardennes, Fumay, bord de la route au S de la ville (K5.23), aleurement de schistes et de quartzites noirs du Revinien, enrichis en pyrite, 1999, Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). his locality is famous for its well-developed ferrophilous lichen community, with Aca­ rospora sinopica, Lecanora epanora, L. han­ delii, Miriquidica atrofulva (see under that species) and Rhizocarpon oederi. It is further interesting because of its unexpected assemblage of Lepraria species. Indeed, the following species are present: L. borealis, L. caesio­ alba (chemotype with fumarprotocetraric acid), L. sylvicola and L. zeorinica (Kukwa Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) & Diederich 2007; Kukwa & Flakus 2009a). Lepraria toensbergiana should be added to this list, and is also reported as new to the checklist area and to France. Two other species occur in a similar habitat in a nearby locality: L. alpina (= L. cacuminum) and L. bergensis (Kukwa & Diederich 2007). Lepraria toensbergiana has been reduced into synonymy with L. jackii by Barrufo et al. (2006) but this option is not adopted here. Indeed, the taxonomy of the genus is confused by the crude and supericial use of morphological and anatomical characters (Lendemer 2011) and the homoplasious nature of chemical characters (Nelsen & Gargas 2008, Tretiach et al. 2009). A detailed revision with multiple loci DNA sequences analysed with modern statistical methods within a phylogenetical context is needed before inal decisions can be taken. Although closely related, L. jackii and L. toensbergiana have diferent haplotypes that seem to be worth species recognition (Fehrer et al. 2008). Lichenochora obscuroides (Linds.) Triebel & Rambold France, Mosan: Nord, N of Fourmies, NW of Glageon, bois de la Fagne de Sains, small lake ‘Etang Fédéral’ (J4.41), on Populus, on Phaeophyscia orbicularis, 2010, van den Boom 44882 (h). Lichenicolous ascomycete, new to France. Lichenochora weillii (Werner) Hafellner & R. Sant. France, Brab.: Nord, WSW of Avesnes, Prisches, centre of village, park along church (J3.43), on Liquidambar, on Physconia grisea, 2010, van den Boom 44915 (h). Lichenicolous ascomycete, new to France. Lichenopeltella maculans (Zopf) Höhn. France, Ard.: Ardennes, rocks overlooking the village (‘poudingue de Fépin’) (J5.54), on Umbili­ caria hirsuta, 1999, Aptroot 45151 (hb Diederich). A rare lichenicolous ascomycete, previously known from Germany (type locality), Norway and Sweden (Santesson 1993). he species is new to our checklist area and to France. 103 Lichenopeltella peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant. France, Lorr.: Meurthe-et-Moselle, HussignyGodbrange, quarry NE of village (M8.51), on Peltigera, 2011, Diederich 17164 (h). Lichenicolous ascomycete, new to France. Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon Belgium, Ard.: Between Bouillon and Chiny [detailed data not provided to avoid undesirable overcollecting in this sensitive habitat], siliceous outcrops under forest cover, overgrowing mosses, 2008, Fischer, Killmann & Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). Several localities of this species were known in the checklist area, mainly in the Semois valley in the Ardenne district (Sérusiaux et al. 2004, Diederich et al. 2012) with a single depauperate population discovered in 1998. Since a healthy population was recently discovered in the Lahn valley (Germany, Rheinland-Pfalz) near Koblenz (Fischer & Killmann 2008), three of us decided to explore thoroughly the Semois valley between Chiny and Bouillon in August 2008. Although several sites were apparently still suitable for the species, it was found in a single locality, with only seven but healthy thalli. his locality is composed of several schistose outcrops by the river within a mixed FagusCarpinus-Fraxinus forest on a N-facing slope. he forest belongs to the ‘Forêt riche en charme et à grande fétuque, à caractère hygrosciaphyte et acidocline’ described in details by Tanghe (1970) in his excellent paper on (semi-)natural forests thriving on slopes in this section of the Semois River. Tree species present in the locality with Lobaria virens include Carpinus betulus, Corylus avel­ lana, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, with the following species present in the understorey and on the outcrops: Actaea spicata, Asp­ lenium trichomanes, Campanula rotundifolia, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Deschamp­ sia lexuosa, Epilobium montanum, Festuca altissima, Geranium robertianum, Lathyrus montanus, Lunaria rediviva, Luzula sylvatica, Mercurialis perennis, Mycelis muralis, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum verticillatum, Poly­ podium vulgare, Polystichum aculeatum and Senecio fuchsii. he following bryophytes were identiied on rocks: Fissidens taxifolius, Mnium hornum, Neckera crispa, Pellia endivi­ 104 ifolia, Plagiothecium asplenioides, Polytrichum formosum and Rhytidiadelphus loreus. Lichen species accompanying Lobaria virens on rocks or overgrowing saxicolous mosses are: Bacidia trachona, Caloplaca chrysodeta, C. xantholyta, Cladonia furcata, Dendrographa latebrarum, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Enter­ ographa zonata, Lecanora subcarnea, Lepra­ ria crassissima, Peltigera horizontalis, Porina chlorotica, P. lectissima, Psilolechia lucida, Reichlingia leopoldii and Sparria endlicheri. Lobaria virens was formerly known from many localities in the area of study, in the Mosan and Ard. districts. his locality is the only one let. A strict nature reserve status is very much needed to ensure its survival in this nice stand of forest. Melaspilea bagliettoana Zahlbr. Luxembourg, Lorr.: SW of Dudelange, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Haard’ (M8.54), on Tilia, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8642 (hb Diederich). An extremely rare or poorly recorded, doubtfully lichenized ascomycete, reported here as new to the checklist area. Miriquidica atrofulva (Sommerf.) A. J. Schwab & Rambold France, Ard.: Ardennes, Fumay, bord de la route au S de la ville (K5.23), aleurement de schistes et de quartzites noirs du Revinien, enrichis en pyrite, 1999, Aptroot 45056 (h), Diederich 16096 (h) & Séru­ siaux s.n. (LG) (TLC: stictic and cryptostictic acids). An interesting addition to the ferrophilous lichen communities of the Ardenne district, best developed between Revin and Fumay (France) and near Vielsalm (Belgium). See further notes under Lepraria toensbergiana. New to the checklist area. Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala Belgium, Mosan: Lautène, vallon forestier du ruisseau d’Omeri, Taille des Bourgeois (H5.53), tronc mort dressé écortiqué d’un Pinus sylvestris, 2011, Ertz 16089 (BR); Bois de Cerfontaine au sud de Cerfontaine (J4.26), sur conifère pourrissant, 2009, Duvivier (h). – Ard.: Herbeumont, étang des Epioux (L6.26), tronc mort dressé et écorcé de P. sylvestris, 2011, Ertz 16052, 16054, 16056 (BR); ibid., Picea abies, Ertz 16057 (BR); 10 km à l’W d’Houfalize, vallée de l’Ourthe au nord-ouest d’Engreux, Les Deux Ourthes (J7.25), 2010, Ertz 15318 (BR). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Fig. 4. Miriquidica atro­ fulva (Diederich 16096), a ferrophilous lichen species discovered in the French Ardennes. Scale bar: 2 mm. Luxembourg, Lorr.: Schengen, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Grouf ’ (M9.51), on Picea wood, 2010, Eichler & Cezanne G73, G74 (hb Diederich); SW of Dudelange, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Haard’ (M8.54), on Picea wood, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8632 (hb Diederich). his non-lichenized ascomycete is new to the checklist area. It was already mentioned by Duvigneaud & Giltay (1938: 16) and Koltz (1897: 298), but these records are considered as dubious, as no corresponding specimens have been seen. Opegrapha s. lat. Several species of Opegrapha from our checklist area (O. culmigena, O. prosodea, O. sore­ diifera, O. variiformis) are here newly combined in the genera Alyxoria and Zwackhia that were reinstated by Ertz & Tehler (2011). In addition, several other species obviously belonging to these genera are combined too: Opegrapha ochrocincta, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region, O. viridipruinosa, recently described from Great Britain, also reported from the Netherlands (Timmerman & Aptroot 2012) and thus to be expected in our checklist area, O. circumducta, described from Macaronesia, and two tropical species, O. bonplandii and O. robusta. Opegrapha mougeotii A. Massal. could also be combined in Alyxoria, but the status of this taxon with regards to O. varia requires further studies. Opegrapha culmigena Lib. is considered as an older name for O. herbarum (Sérusiaux et al. 1999), but the latter has a K– exciple (Pentecost & James 2009), whereas O. culmigena has Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) a K+ slightly greyish to olivaceous exciple. Further studies are required before concluding if both taxa are distinct or not. he generic ainities of other Opegrapha species from our checklist will also have to be clariied in the future. For instance, O. rufescens is more close to the Roccellaceae s. str. (including genera such as Lecanactis, Schismatomma) (Ertz et al. 2009) with which it shares the ascospores lacking a gelatinous sheath. Alyxoria Ach. in Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. 1: 504 (1821). Type: Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801449 Basionym: Opegrapha culmigena Lib., Pl. Crypt. Arduenna, fasc. 1, n° 15 (1830) Alyxoria ochrocincta (Werner) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801450 Basionym: Opegrapha ochrocincta Werner, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 19: 46 (1939) Alyxoria variiformis (Anzi) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801451 Basionym: Opegrapha variiformis Anzi [as ‘vari­ aeformis’], Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 160 (1862) Alyxoria viridipruinosa (B. J. Coppins & R. Yahr) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801452 Basionym: Opegrapha viridipruinosa B. J. Coppins & R. Yahr, Phytotaxa 18: 90 (2011) 105 Zwackhia Körb., Syst. Lich. Germ.: 285 (1855). Type: Zwackhia involuta (Wallr.) Körb. [= Zwack­ hia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied.)] Zwackhia bonplandii (Fée) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801453 Basionym: Opegrapha bonplandii Fée, Essai crypt. Écorc.: 25 (1824) Zwackhia circumducta (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801454 Basionym: Opegrapha circumducta Nyl., Flora 50: 374 (1867) Zwackhia prosodea (Ach.) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801455 Basionym: Opegrapha prosodea Ach., Method. Lich.: 22 (1803) Zwackhia robusta (Vain.) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801456 Basionym: Opegrapha robusta Vain., Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 137 (1909) Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 801457 Basionym: Opegrapha sorediifera P. James, Lichenologist 2: 86 (1962) Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. Belgium, Mosan: Near Rochefort [detailed data not provided to avoid undesirable overcollecting in this sensitive locality], irst seen in 2.2008 and conirmed in 6.2011, Magain & Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). his species was known only from two recent Belgian localities when Goinet et al. (1994) revised the whole genus in the area of study. For unknown reasons, both are gone now. It is thus much of a surprise to ind a small but healthy population of that species in the Mosan district, where the species was extinct for several decades (latest locality found in 1965 by V. Demoulin, also near Rochefort, specimen in LG!). At the present locality, Peltigera leucophlebia is growing on mossy calcareous outcrops at the edge of a small forest belonging to the Tilio-Aceretum Tüxen 1955 (Erablaies-tillaies à scolopendre; see http:// biodiversite.wallonie.be/fr/g1-a41a-erablaiestillaies-a-scolopendre.html?IDC=951). 106 Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins Luxembourg, Ard.: 1 km E of Esch-sur-Sûre, siliceous rocks above tunnel (K8.32), on Clado­ nia squamules, 2011, Cezanne & Eichler 8480 (h, hb Diederich). – Lorr.: N of Berdorf, Siweschlëf, on Cladonia squamules, 2011, Cezanne & Eichler 8508 (h); W of Bertrange, Mamer Rättchen (M8.23), on Cladonia squamules, 2012, Diederich 17303 (hb Diederich). A lichenicolous ascomycete conined to squamules of Cladonia thalli. New to the checklist area. Phaeosporobolus chlaroterae F. Berger & Brackel Belgium, Ard.: Houfalize, 2 km SW of Engreux, Ourthe (J7.25), on Alnus, on Lecanora chlarotera, 2010, Diederich 17109 (h). Luxembourg, Ard.: Lellingen, verson droit du Lellgerbaach, op Bärel (K8.13), on Alnus, on L. chlarotera, 2011, Diederich 17238 (h) & Ertz 17299 (BR); 200 m N of Lellingen (K8.13), on Quercus, on L. pulicaris, 2005, Diederich 16230 (h); Weiswampach, near lake (J8.24), on Alnus, on L. argentata, 2012, Neuberg s.n. (hb Diederich); N Weiswampach, vers Malscheid (J8.14), on Fagus, on L. pulicaris, 1986, Diederich 7326b (h); E Lentzweiler, route vers Clervaux (J8.43), on Tilia, on L. pulicaris, 1987, Diederich 8689b (h); Heinerscheid, Casselslay (J8.45), on Carpinus, on Buellia griseo­ virens, 1983, Diederich 3990 (h). – Lorr.: Pétange, Prënzebierg (M8.31), on branches of Larix, on L. symmicta, 2003, Diederich 15608 (h); Schengen, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Grouf ’ (M9.51), on Fagus, on L. symmicta, 2010, Cezanne & Eichler G86 (hb Diederich); Steinsel, Gipsweiher (L8.55), on Alnus, on L. pulicaris, 1986, Diederich 8971 (h); Blaschette, Bëddelbësch (L8.46), on Carpinus, on B. griseovirens, 1983, Diederich 3943 (h); W Steinfort, berge de l’Eisch (L8.51), on Quercus, on L. pulicaris, 1984, Diederich 5174b (h); W of Oberanven, Grengewald, Itziger Steig (L8.57), on Fagus, on L. pulicaris, 1986, Diederich 7167b (h). Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz, au S de Manderscheid, vallée de la Kleine Kyll, on Carpinus, B. griseovirens, 1984, Diederich 5517 (h). Norway: Hordaland, W of Odda, Sundal, along path to Lake Bondhus, on Salix, on L. pulicaris, 2009, Diederich 16863 (h). his lichenicolous hyphomycete has recently been described as a rather common species on thalli and apothecia of Lecanora chlarotera, with one additional ind on L. symmicta (Berger & Brackel 2011). We Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) report it here as particularly common on Lecanora pulicaris, but also on L. argentata, L. chlarotera and L. symmicta, and unexpectedly on three specimens of Buellia griseovi­ rens, a non-related host. he diferences to the similar Phaeosporobolus minutus Etayo, described from southern Chile on Per­ tusaria microcarpa and Coccotrema cucur­ bitula, need to be studied further (Etayo & Sancho 2008). he species is new to the checklist area and to Norway. Placynthium posterulum (Nyl.) Henssen Belgium, Mosan: Commune d’Yvoir, au sud d’Yvoir, Champalle, réserve naturelle domaniale (H5.27), 2001, Ertz 422 p.p. (LG, sub Anema tumidulum); Vodelée, lieu-dit Les Roches, à 500 m à l’W du village (J5.14), aleurement rocheux naturel de calcaire compact en bord de route, exposé au sud et en grande partie éclairé, 2004, Ertz 7248 & Duvivier (BR). France, Mosan: Ardennes, Givet, fort de Charlemont (J5.26), calcareous outcrops, 1999, Died­ erich 15671, 15682, 15685 (h) (det. M. Schultz); ibid., 2004, Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). Placynthium stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink var. isidiatum Henssen was mentioned in our area of study by Sérusiaux et al. (2004) from Belgium and France, but the localities have not yet been published. Czeika & Czeika (2007) explained that P. stenophyllum is a North American species that does not occur in Europe, and the name P. posterulum was subsequently accepted for the European taxon. Placynthium posterulum is consequently new to our checklist area, whilst P. stenophyllum has to be removed from that list. he French locality hosts a most interesting community of cyanolichens, associated with sunny and exposed calcareous outcrops submitted to frequent looding; this community includes the following species: Anema decip­ iens, A. nummularium, A. sufruticosum, A. tumidulum, Collema cristatum, C. fuscovi­ rens, C. tenax, Lempholemma botryosum, Leptogium gelatinosum, L. plicatile, L. tur­ gidum, Metamelanea caesiella, Placynthium hungaricum, P. nigrum, P. posterulum, P. sub­ radiatum, Psorotichia frustulosa, P. schaereri, Pterygiopsis ainis, Synalissa symphorea, hyrea confusa and T. girardii. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Pleospora physciae (Brackel) Hafellner & E. Zimm. Belgium, Mosan: Ave-et-Aufe, tienne calcaire juste au N du centre du village, sur branches d’un arbuste (J6.33), sur Physcia adscendens, 2006, Ertz 10147 (BR); colline schisto-calcaire au centre du village d’Ave (J6.33), fourrés d’épineux, sur Physcia, 2010, Ertz 15246 (BR). Although this species has only recently been described (Brackel 2010, as Merismatium physciae Brackel), it appears to be a rather common and widespread lichenicolous ascomycete, conined to Physcia species. It was known from Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland (Brackel 2010, Hafellner & Zimmermann 2012), and is herewith reported as new to our checklist area. Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) S. Gray Luxembourg, Ard.: Lellingen, 100 m NW of village (K8.13), terricolous in siliceous heathland, 1991, Diederich 12539 (h), Mies & Schlechter. his extremely rare lichen species was discovered in 1966 near Lellingen by Lambinon (Lambinon 66/231, LG). We were able to rediscover a small population in 1991, but did not succeed inding the species during subsequent excursions in 2005 and 2011. he species is therefore critically endangered or extinct. In Belgium, the species was known from several localities in the Ardennes, but has not been observed ater 1882. See also under Trapeliopsis wallrothii. Pronectria septemseptata Etayo Luxembourg, Lorr.: Strassen, Gaaschtgrond, rue des Carrières (M8.14), on Acer pseudoplatanus, on Melanelixia glabratula, 2011, Diederich 17152 (h). his species was described by Etayo (1998) as an atypical member of Pronectria growing on Melanelixia glabratula with fusiform, (3–5–)7-septate ascospores, all other previously known species of the genus having 1-septate ascospores. Another remarkable character of that species is the orange, K+ violet perithecial wall. Our specimen grows on the same host lichen, is morphologically and chemically almost identical, also presents the K+ violet reaction of the perithecial wall (but papilla not reacting!), and has similarly sized ascospores, 41–58 × 4.5–5.5 μm (versus 41–63 × 4.5–6 μm in the type specimen). 107 Fig. 5. Phaeosporobolus chlaroterae, a recently described lichenicolous fungus mainly developing over Lecanora thalli, showing multicellular conidia (Neuberg s.n.). Scale bar: 20 μm. However, it difers by constantly 1-septate ascospores. As hamathecial ilaments are present in our specimen, but were said to be inconspicuous, soon disappearing in the holotype, we conclude that our material is in an earlier stage of maturity than the material studied by Etayo (1998). Although we cannot exclude that two extremely similar species exist on the same host, just difering by the ascospore septation, we suggest that a single species is involved, in which ascospores are initially 1-septate, eventually becoming up to 7-septate. More collections are needed to conirm or disprove this hypothesis. he species was known from the type locality in Spain (Navarra), southern Italy and Germany (Brackel 2011) and is here reported as new to the checklist area. Sclerophora amabilis (Tibell) Tibell Luxembourg, Lorr.: SW of Dudelange, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Haard’ (M8.54), on old dead Fagus trunk, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8642 (h), Diederich 17440 (h); ibid., on Fraxinus, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8628 (h). his species was originally described from New Zealand, but has recently also been discovered in North America and Europe (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) (Tibell 1984). It is new to the checklist area and to Central Europe. Spiloma auratum Sm. Belgium, Mosan: My, rive droite de la vallée de l’Ourthe, à hauteur du Hé des Larrons (G7.52), paroi schisto-gréseuse en sous-bois, ‘tronc’ de Hedera adossé à la paroi, 160 m, 2001, Sérusiaux s. n. (LG). Fig. 6. Sclerophora amabilis, a rarely collected lichen species, recently discovered in Luxembourg (Lorr.) on old Fagus and Fraxinus trunks (Diederich 17440). Scale bar: 200 μm. 108 Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) shadowed siliceous outcrops in forest, on Xan­ thoparmelia conspersa, 2010, Diederich 17142 (h). Luxembourg, Ard.: 1 km E of Esch-sur-Sûre, near tunnel and road N15, wall along stairs and top of the hill above tunnel (K8.32), on X. conspersa, 2000, Diederich 14114 (h); Lellingen, verson droit du Lellgerbaach, op Bärel (K8.13), on siliceous rocks, on X. conspersa, 2011, Diederich 17252 (h). A lichenicolous ascomycete, new to the checklist area. Strangospora deplanata (Almq.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Fig. 7. Squamarina gypsacea, specimen from the only known let population in the checklist area in France (Ardennes) (Sérusiaux s.n.). Scale bar: 1 cm. Luxembourg, Lorr.: SW of Dudelange, réserve forestière intégrale ‘Haard’ (M8.54), on Carpinus, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8639 (hb Diederich); ibid., on Sambucus, 2012, Cezanne & Eichler 8640 (h). A very rare species, reported here as new to the checklist area. his is a poorly known, but probably widespread hyphomycetous species of lichens that may be lichenicolous when young, but eventually always develops its own lichenized thallus with a Trentepohlia photobiont. It was shortly discussed by Laundon (2005), but no modern description is available so far. In Belgium, it was detected on an old Hedera trunk appressed to a calcareous outcrop; the niche is very sheltered and protected from direct rain; accompanying species include Spar­ ria endlicheri and Chaenotheca stemonea. In 2004, the Hedera trunk was gone, and no additional thalli of this rare species could be found in this locality. New to the study area. Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt Belgium, Mosan: Dinant, vallée de la Lefe, rive droite, pelouse calcaire xérique face à l’ancien moulin de Capele (H5.38), sur le rocher (crevasses), 1982, Sérusiaux 2893 & Malaise (LG). France, Mosan: Ardennes, Givet, escarpement calcaire sous le fort de Charlemont (J5.26), paroi calcaire ensoleillée soumise à de fréquents écoulements d’eau, 1967, Lambinon 67/368 (LG); ibid., 2004, Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). Fig. 8. Strangospora deplanata, a very rare corticolous lichen species, collected in Luxembourg (Lorr.) (Cezanne & Eichler 8639). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. A very rare species in the area of study, with a single and depauperate population let in Givet (see under Placynthium posterulum). Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum Hafellner Belgium, Ard.: Bertogne, W of Bethomont, along path to lake c. 1.5 km NWW of Bethomont (J7.34), Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Fig. 9. Strangospora deplanata, section through apothecium in H2O (Cezanne & Eichler 8639). Scale bar: 50 μm. 109 Trapeliopsis wallrothii (Flörke) Hertel & Gotth. Schneid. Luxembourg, Ard.: Lellingen, 200 m N of village (K8.13), terricolous in siliceous heathland, 2005, Diederich 16228 (h) & Ertz 8981 (BR); ibid., 2011, Eichler & Cezanne 8506 (hb Diederich). A terricolous lichen, collected in a lichen community with many Cladonia species (incl. C. phyllophora), Leptogium palmatum (the only known locality from our checklist area), Peltigera extenuata, P. malacea, Poly­ chidium muscicola (see under that species), etc. New to the checklist area. Tremella hypogymniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. Belgium, Mosan: Couvin, l’Ermitage, bois de Couvin (K4.18), on Quercus, on Hypogymnia physodes, 2010, Van den Broeck 4842 (h). A relatively common lichenicolous heterobasidiomycete, here reported as new to Belgium. Tuckermannopsis sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale Luxembourg, Lorr.: Marscherwald (L8.38), on branch of Betula, 2011, obs. Eichler & Cezanne (no specimen, but photograph). his species was collected in the same locality in 1966 by Lambinon (specimens in LG and LUX) and was considered as extinct in Luxembourg (Lorr.). he discovery of a single thallus in 2011 proves that the species still exists in this locality, but that the population is seriously endangered. One thallus was also discovered on a wooden fence post in Luxembourg (Ard.) in 1981, but that population must be considered as extinct. In Belgium, the species is still rather abundant in disused quarries near Vielsalm (H8.31, 2011, Diederich 17262), present on at least one tree in a humid valley near Commanster (H8.43, 2004, Ertz 7202), always on branches of Betula. One thallus has also recently been observed in the Hautes-Fagnes (Grand Bongard, F8.55, 2011, Van den Broeck 5213 & Ertz). Tylophoron hibernicum (D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Diederich, Bungartz & Tibell = Blarneya hibernica D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. James 110 Belgium, Ard: Between Bouillon and Chiny [detailed data not provided to avoid undesirable overcollecting in this sensitive habitat], siliceous outcrops under forest cover, overgrowing mosses, 2008, Fischer, Killmann & Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). Tylophoron hibernicum is easily recognized by its pale yellowish sporodochia growing on a felty, pale greyish to creamy thallus; it is typical of the most atlantic parts of the British Isles, Western Pyrenees and Macaronesia, where it was reported under the name Blarneya hibernica. Its discovery in the Semois valley illuminates the local climate, characterized by a high rainfall level (1300–1400 mm: http://sder.wallonie.be/ ICEDD/CAP-atlasWallonie2006/pages/ atlas.asp?txt=milRelief) and the most interesting biodiversity of many forests and outcrops in that area. More recently, Ertz et al. (2011) could demonstrate with DNA inferences that the species actually belongs to the genus Tylophoron and that it is most probably widespread in tropical regions. Vahliella leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. Belgium, Ard.: Between Chiny and Bouillon [detailed data not provided to avoid undesirable overcollecting in this sensitive locality], schistose outcrop by the river, partly under trees cover, 2008, Fischer, Killmann & Sérusiaux s.n. (LG). A single recent locality of this species was previously known in the area of study (Sérusiaux et al. 1999), on schistose rocks near a river (Ourthe valley). In this new locality, the species occurs in identical ecological conditions. Accompanying species include Endocarpon pallidum (a species that occurs in very diferent ecological conditions in the area of study: in Xerobromion communities and on schistose rocks at ‘water level’) and the rare Leptogium magnussonii. Xanthoria candelaria (L.) h. Fr. = Massjukiella candelaria (L.) S. Y. Kondr. et al. Belgium, Brab.: Gooik, Letterbeek (E4.41), lisière aulnaie, sur Salix et Populus, 1962, J. De Sloover 197 (LG); Hamme-Mille, le long du chemin de Tourinnes-la-Grosse (E5.44), sur Populus, 1964, Lambinon 64/205 (LG); Buisseret (comm. de Senefe) (G4.14), on Populus, 1964, Lambinon 64/1359 (LG). – Mosan: Pondrôme, hameau d’Eclaye, mur calcaire du couvent (J6.31), 1960, Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Lambinon 60/2345 (LG); Gomzé-Andoumont, heir des Forges, bord de la route Liège-Spa (G7.15), base de tronc de Fraxinus, 1963, Lambinon 63/1773 (LG); Abée-Scry, bord de la route allant de Havelange à la route Liège-Marche (G6.37), sur Fraxinus, 1962, Lambinon 62/216 (LG); Comblain-au-Pont, rive droite de l’Ourthe, base des aleurements entre les villages d’Oneu et de Gérômont (G7.33), sur Fraxinus, 1982, Malaise 82/149-197 (LG). – Ard.: Les Hayons, La Platinerie (L6.13), sur les vieux murs des ruines, surtout sur crépis, 1964, Lambinon 64/1315 (LG). – Lorr.: Romeldange (comm. de Tintange) (K7.46), sur le crépi du mur de la ferme, 1964, Lambinon 64/631 (LG); Mellier, Les Forges (L7.22), sur le crépis d’un mur d’habitation, 1964, Lambinon 64/1322 (LG); Romeldange (comm. de Tintange) (K7.46), sur le crépi du mur de la ferme, très abondant, 1964, Lambinon 64/631; Beho, bord de la route de Vielsalm (H8.43), sur Fraxinus, 1963, Lambinon 63/1616 (LG); Vielsalm, dans le village (H8.31), sur Aesculus, 1965, Lambinon 65/369 (LG). Luxembourg, Ard.: Esch-sur-Sûre, crépi du mur de la chapelle dans le vieux cimetière (K8.32), sur du mortier d’un mur, 1967, Lambinon 67/514 (LG, LUX). – Lorr.: Between Ansembourg and Mersch, Marienthal (L8.44), on wall of chapel, 2005, Diederich 16204 (h); au N de Asselborn, route de Troisvierges (J8.33), sur un rocher en schistes, 1967, Lambinon 67/508 (LG); Meysembourg, à l’est du château, bord de la route (L8.26), sur un mur en grès, 1997, Diederich 12872 (h); Strassen, Xaviershaf, mur le long d’une route (M8.14), sur un mur vertical d’une vieille ferme, 1998, Diederich 13731 (h). his species has been reported as rather common and widespread in our checklist area (Sérusiaux et al. 2003). However, for many years, we have recognized that the material is heterogeneous, including a mainly saxicolous taxon with an orange, coralloid thallus, and an exclusively corticolous taxon with yellow, oten lattened lobes. he type specimen of Xanthoria candelaria belongs to the taxon with an orange, coralloid thallus (photo of an isoneotype published by Fedorenko et al. 2009), whilst the taxon with yellow, lattened lobes belongs to X. ucrainica (Kondratyuk 1997). A revision of the entire material from our checklist area yielded a relatively small number of specimens belonging to X. candelaria s. str. (see list of specimens above). his species mainly grows on old walls, exceptionally on natural, siliceous rock outcrops, and also inhabits the bark of isolated trees. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 113 (2012) Xanthoria ucrainica S. Y. Kondr. = Massjukiella ucrainica (S. Y. Kondr.) S. Y. Kondr. et al. he great majority of the specimens from our checklist area previously called Xantho­ ria candelaria (Sérusiaux et al. 2003) belong to X. ucrainica. All specimens are corticolous. hey are too numerous to be enumerated here. he species is new to the checklist area. Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold = Oxneria fallax (Hepp) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt Kondratyuk et al. (2010) explained that the material usually included in X. fallax is heterogeneous and comprises two distinct species, X. fallax s. str. and the new Oxne­ ria huculica S. Y. Kondr. he new species is distinguished from X. fallax s. str. by the presence of typical marginal, helmet-shaped soralia, diferently shaped lobes, narrower ascospores, and a much thinner ascospore septum. O. huculica is mainly corticolous, although some saxicolous or lignicolous specimens are known, whilst X. fallax is mainly saxicolous. We have re-examined the entire material of X. fallax s. str. from our checklist area and found that all specimens published by Sérusiaux et al. (2003) belong to X. fallax s. str., with the exception of an old corticolous specimen collected by Tinant (Tinant 15, LUX) that is in such a poor condition that it could not be identiied with certainty. All other specimens are saxicolous and have been collected on siliceous natural outcrops or walls. On the other hand, we have examined typical, corticolous specimens of O. huculica from localities outside the area of our checklist. Specimens examined of O. huculica: France: Pyrénées-Orientales, Targassonne, chaos de Targassonne, on Populus, 1985, Diederich 6564 (h). Spain: Catalonia, Girona, Llivia (E of Andorra), on Salix, 1985, Diederich 6582 (h). Switzerland: Valais, Sion, près du château de Tourbillon, on Robinia, 2008, Diederich 16761 (h). Acknowledgements We warmly thank Claude Roux for critically reading and commenting on the manuscript, and for interesting discussions on Squamarina. He 111 and Chantal Van Haluwyn drew our attention to Bouly de Lesdain’s forgotten name Diplotomma epipolium var. parasiticum. Masoomeh GhobadNejhad kindly informed us about a further specimen of the rare Laetisaria lichenicola deposited in BPI. Volkmar Wirth brought our attention to nomenclatural changes in Placynthium. Paul Neuberg, André Aptroot and Leo Spier ofered us their specimens of Phaeosporobolus chlaroterae, Lichenopeltella maculans and Dactylospora parel­ laria, cited in this paper. Jean-Pierre Duvivier allowed us to publish his specimen of Mycocali­ cium subtile. Marion Eichler and Rainer Cezanne thank Daniele Murat (Administration de la nature et des forêts) for kind approval to publish the inds collected as part of long-term studies in two Luxembourg forest reserves. References Alstrup, V. & D. L. 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