Pronunciation of Prefixed Disyllabic Words (where the “false” prefix is inseparable from the word stem as a single lexical unit – here only primary stress is taken into account, so zero stress does not necessarily entail vowel reduction) Disyllabic nouns as a single functional category Stress Pattern /10/ (the 50 most common words from a total of over 700 nouns) absence context infant outskirts province adult* deluge influx precinct reflex adverb district inmate prefect refuge colleague diphthong insect prelate subgroup commerce effort mischief prescience substance complex expert onset presence subway concept forehead outcome product suburb congress foresight outcry prologue surplus conscience impasse outcrop pronoun transcript contents impulse outset proverb transept * variant in /01/ Exceptions: Disyllabic nouns with the stress pattern /01/ (many of which derive from an isomorphic verbal form with modified final consonant, so similar to D.2.) abuse collage* disease intent remorse advice complaint esquire prestige reproof affair conceit event pretence renown applause constraint excuse pursuit resource* behalf contempt expense rapport restraint bequest defence extent recess success belief descent infirm recluse suspense dessert regime * variant in /10/ Disyllabic verbs as a single functional category Stress Pattern /01/ (the 78 most common words from a total of over 1000 verbs) abet compose enrol impugn resist abuse combine excite insure restore accept conjure exclaim occur restrain admit conspire excuse offend restrict allege conceive exhume oppose resume allude deduce extol oppugn retain appraise defend extort prefer submit arrive demand forbear presume subsume aspire deserve forbid recount suppose attest defer forego reduce transgress avow deter forestall refer tranship become disclose foretell refuse begin dispel forget rehearse behead disperse forgive remind behold distort forsake repay believe distrust forswear reprove betray enact impose resign Exceptions: Disyllabic verbs with the stress pattern /10/ conjure1 differ edit injure sever conquer destine enter prosper suffer Note 1: /10/ “to invoke the spirits/to summon by magic” as opposed to the regular pattern /01/ “to implore earnestly” Categorical stress opposition in prefixed disyllabic nouns or adjectives /10/ and verbs /(adj) /01/ having a common orthographic form. A single asterisk denotes – in addition to the stress opposition – the existence of a variant form for either the noun or the verb, or isomorphic transfer in derivation (the typical stress pattern for a given category, noun or verb, derived from the other category with no stress modification), as in D.1.( *~ ) or D.2.( ~* ) below; a double asterisk denotes this persistence of transfer as in both in D.1. and D.2 (in these cases, strict stress opposition is obscured). absent (adj~verb) conflict discharge *~ invert rebel abstract conserve ~* discount *~ object recall ~* accent conscript discourse outlay record addict consort dispatch ~* outline *~ redress ~* affect construe dispute ~* outrage refund *~ affix contact *~ escort *~ perfect regress ally** content essay** perfume ** reject annex contest exploit permit relapse ~* assay ~* contract export *~ pervert remit ~* collect contrast extract prefix *~ subject *~ combat *~ converse (n~verb,adj) forecast *~ premise *~ suffix *~ combine convert foretaste presage ** survey** compact convict impact *~ present (n,adj~verb) suspect compound decrease** implant proceed(s) torment compress defect ~* import *~ produce transfer concert desert ~* impress progress transport concord detail imprint project traverse** concrete ** digest incense prospect *~ uplift conduct discard increase** prostrate *~ (GA) (adj~verb) confine discord insult protest Isomorphic tendency in derivations across functional categories: verbs derived from nouns retain the stress pattern /10/; nouns derived from verbs retain the stress pattern /01/ - so that in both cases, derived and deriving forms are phonologically identical (these lists are nearly exhaustive). Stress pattern /10/ (verbs derived from nouns) comfort distance offer programme surface comment envy outfit prologue surfeit compass exile outlaw promise surname concrete exit preface purpose traffic contour forfeit prelude rescue transit convoy format probate revel trespass deluge invoice process succour umpire issue profit summon(s) Stress pattern /01/ (nouns derived from verbs) accord control dismay rebuff resolve account debate dispatch rebuke resort address debauch display receipt respect advance decay disquiet recruit respond affront decease dissent reform result amend(s) decline distress refrain retort amount decree distrust regard retouch appeal default divide regret retreat approach defeat divorce release return array delay eclipse remain(s) revenge arrest delight effect remand reverse assault demand embrace remark revise assent demise employ remove review assign demur entail repair revoke assize design escape repeal revolt attack desire esteem repeat reward attempt despair excess reply supply attire despatch exchange report support avail diffuse exhaust repose surcease award discharge express reprieve surprise collapse disdain miscue reproach surround command disgrace misdeal repulse compare disguise mistake repute concern disgust mistrust request consent dislike preserve reserve