A preliminary checklist to Thai Palms

Ratchada Pongsattayapipat; Anders Barfod

Palms form a vital component of forest and agricultural ecosystem, providing a wide range of economic products necessary for daily life. Recently, there is a growing popularity for palm cultivation, both for indoor and outdoor decoration, and exotic palm species are being introduced at a steady stream. India has 20 genera and 96 species of palms. The city of Ahmedabad is situated on 23.01° N Latitude and 72.61° East Longitude in 8,086.81 sq. km area with 197 gardens, on the bank of river Sabarmati.In the present study, 71 species and 7 cultivated varieties belonging to 38 genera were recorded from Ahmedabad district. Among them 25 genera and 61 species are newly reported in Ahmedabad district. Phoenixwasreported as the largest genuswith 8 species followed by Licuala with7 species, Livistonawith5 species and the rest with less than 3 species each.

An addition to the known Thai Flora, a species of ferns, Tectaria kehdingiana (Kuhn) M.G. Price has been found in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, peninsular Thailand. This species is described and illustrated.

THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 32: 32–72. 2004. A preliminary checklist to Thai Palms J. DRANSFIELD*, A. S. BARFOD**& R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT*** ABSTRACT. As part of the work towards a treatment of the palms for Flora of Thailand a checklist is provided with full synonymy, notes on distribution, vernacular names, and uses. The list comprises 161 species classified into 33 genera. INTRODUCTION Like most countries in the Southeast Asian region Thailand boasts a flora that is rich in palms. The present checklist, which is a precursor to the palm treatment in Flora of Thailand, accounts for 161 species classified in 33 genera. Several species are known from cultivation only and are listed under exotic palms cultivated in Thailand. Some of these are amongst the most common palms in Thailand such as African Oil Palm, Coconut Palm and Sago Palm. Recently, Hodel & Vatcharakorn (1998) published a profusely illustrated book on Thai palms, accounting for 36 genera and 164 species. The book has been criticised for being written in haste and introducing numerous superfluous names (Lim 1998; Dransfield, 2000). Although the checklist presented here includes more or less the same number of species, there are major differences in genera such as Calamus, Licuala and Iguanura. Many of the names that Hodel (1997a; 1997b, 1998) published in a series of papers preceding the publication of book are synonymised. Furthermore several newly published species have been added, such as Calamus griseus, C. laosensis, C. oligostachys and C. solitarius (Dransfield, 2000; Evans et al., 2000; 2001; Evans, 2002). Biogeography The highest concentration of palm species within Thailand is found on the Peninsula, especially near the border with Malaysia. Thirteen species are endemic to the country: Iguanura divergens, I. tenuis, I. thalangensis, Kerriodoxa elegans, Licuala distans, Licuala poonsakii, Maxburretia furtadoana, Pinanga badia, P. fractiflexa, P. watanaiana, Salacca stolonifera, Trachycarpus oreophilus, and Wallichia marianneae. The Thai palm flora is composed of an Indochinese element, a Himalayan element and a Malesian element. Several of the Malesian species occur disjunctly in Borneo, *Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK. **Dept. of Systematic botany, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark. ***Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 33 which most likely is due to a former continuous distribution across the Pleistocene landmass of Sundaland. This applies to species such as Licuala triphylla, Calamus axillaris, C. tomentosus, Pinanga simplicifrons and Pinanga auriculata. Uses Palms are used for a wide array of purposes based on their structural and nutritional properties. To rural people they often represent an important resource providing both shelter and food. Over the last few years a large cottage industry has developed producing artifacts carved from palm wood (mostly Borassus flabellifer) and the sclerified endocarps of coconut. These products are sold at the national level and also exported. In Thailand, all rattan canes are collected from the wild. Only about a dozen species belonging to the genus Calamus are used commercially for production of furniture. Thailand has lost most of its rattan resources as a result of deforestation and over-exploitation. For a while imports of rattan from the neighbouring countries supported the industry, but after a cane export ban imposed by the major producing countries was implemented in 1989, both cane imports and rattan furniture exports have declined considerably. Several rattan plantations have been established in Thailand over the years but mainly on a trial basis. Other palm species are used locally on a limited scale. A renewed attention to non-timber forest products, agroforestry and integrated product development has increased the interest in palm products worldwide (FAO 1995). In Thailand the local uses of palms are, however, still poorly documented. Local names The local names cited in this publication have mainly been extracted from Smitinand (2001 rev. ed.). A few new names have been added that were recorded during fieldwork in the North and on the Peninsula. Ecology In the humid tropics all over the world, palms form a characteristic element in forest ecosystems. They range from small rosette plants in the understorey to tall trees towering above the forest canopy. The climbing palms, the rattans, are a particular feature of the Southeast Asian forests, where they can sometimes occur in great abundance. Some palms range into drier habitat types in northern Thailand. For example, Phoenix loureiroi and Trachycarpus oreophilus are both distributed on limestone mountains where they are exposed to several months without precipitation every year. Other palm species such as Cyrtostachys renda, Licuala paludosa and Eleiodoxa conferta inhabit marginal habitats such as swamp forests in Peninsular Thailand, while Phoenix paludosa and Calamus erinaceus occur on the landward fringe of mangrove forest. 34 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 Conservation A detailed analysis of the conservation status of Thai palms will be the subject of a subsequent paper. 1. ARECA L., Sp. Pl. 1189. 1753.— Mischophloeus Scheff., Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 2: 115. 1876.— Gigliolia Becc., Malesia 1: 171. 1877.— Pichisermollia H. C. Monteiro, Rodriguésia 28: 195. 1976. Forty-eight species found in Tropical and Subtropical Asia; four species native to Thailand, one (A. catechu) very widely cultivated. 1. Areca laosensis Becc., Webbia 3: 191. 1910. NB. Possibly not distinct from A. triandra. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Mak lo ka thoen (หมากลอกะเทิ่น) (Trat). 2. Areca montana Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 136. 1907.— A. latiloba Ridl., J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 310. 1922.— A. recurvata Hodel, Palm J. 134: 28. 1997. Distribution.— Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Mak pa (หมากปา) (Peninsular). 3. Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 310. 1826.— A. laxa Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5(2): 309. 1826.— A. nagensis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 453. 1845.— Nenga nagensis (Griff.) Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1:120. 1876; Becc. Malesia 1: 25. 1877.— Ptychosperma polystachyum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 590. 1861.— Areca polystachya (Miq.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 232. 1878.— A. triandra var. bancana Scheff., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië. 32: 165. 1873.— A. borneensis Becc., Malesia 1: 22. 1877.— A. humilis Blanco ex H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 231. 1878.— A. aliceae W. Hill. ex F. Muell., Gartenflora 28: 199. 1879. Distribution.— Tropical and Subtropical Asia. Vernacular name.— Mak cha waek (หมากชะแวก), Mak ling (หมากลิง) (Chanthaburi); Mak nang ling (หมากนางลิง) (Trat); Mak no (หมากหนอ), Mak iak (หมากเอียก) (Northern); Mak hom (หมากหอม) (Bangkok); Mak khiao (หมากเขียว) (Narathiwat); Krue-do (กรือดอ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 4. Areca tunku J. Dransf. & C. K. Lim, Principes 36: 81. 1992.— A. bifaria Hodel, Palm J. 136: 7. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 35 2. ARENGA Labill. ex DC., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 162. 1800, nom. cons.— Saguerus Steck, Sagu: 15. 1757.— Gomutus Corrêa, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 288. 1807.— Blancoa Blume, Rumphia 2: 128. 1843. nom. illeg.— Didymosperma H. Wendl. & Drude ex Hook.f. in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 917. 1883. Twenty-three species with three varieties, Tropical and Subtropical Asia to N Australia. Four species in Thailand and one (A. pinnata) very widely cultivated. 1. Arenga caudata (Lour.) H. E. Moore, Principes 4: 114 (1960).— Borassus caudatum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 760. 1790.— Wallichia caudata (Lour.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 315. 1853.— Blancoa caudata (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 727. 1891.— Didymosperma caudatum (Lour.) H. Wendl. & Drude ex B. D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1: 756. 1893.— D. caudatum var. tonkinense Becc., Webbia 3: 208. 1910.— D. tonkinense (Becc.) Becc. ex Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 6: 966. 1937. Distribution.— Hainan to Indo-China and N Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Tan (ตาล) (Central, Chon Buri); Tan kai (ตาลไก) (Loei); Tan rang (ตาลรั้ง) (Chanthaburi); Tao rang nu (เตารางหนู) (Chanthaburi, Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) T. C. Whitm., Principes 14: 124. 1970.— Didymosperma hookerianum Becc., Malesia 3: 186. 1889. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to N Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Si sayam (ศรีสยาม), Tao rang si sayam (เตารางศรีสยาม) (Bangkok). Use.— Ornamental. 3. Arenga obtusifolia Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 191. 1838.— Gomutus obtusifolius Blume, Rumphia 2: 131. 1843, nom. invalid. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java. Vernacular name.— Maphro nu (มะพราวหนู) (Songkhla). 4. Arenga westerhoutii Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 474. 1845.— Saguerus westerhoutii (Griff.) H. Wendl. & Drude in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 256. 1878. Distribution.— Bhutan to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Rang kap (รังกับ), Rang khai (รังคาย) (Peninsular); Rang kai (รัง ไก) (Central); La-ka (ลากะ) (Malay-Pattani); Lang kap (หลังกับ) (Yala, Pattani); Nao (เหนา), I-nao (อิเหนา) (Satun). Use.— Edible young endospems, leaves for thatch. 36 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 3. BORASSODENDRON Becc., Webbia 4: 359. 1914. Two species, Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. One species in Thailand. Borassodendron machadonis (Ridl.) Becc., Webbia 4: 361. 1914.— B. machadonis Ridl., J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 203. 1905. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Chang hai (ชางไห) (Pattani); Chang rong hai (ชางรองไห) (Trang). 4. BORASSUS L., Sp. Pl. 1187. 1753.— Lontarus Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 25. 1763. Five species in NE Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia and Malesia. One species in Thailand, possibly native, but widely cultivated. Borassus flabellifer L., Sp. Pl. 1187 (1753).— B. flabelliformis L., Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 2: 827. 1770.— B. tunicatus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 618. 1790.— Pholidocarpus tunicatus (Lour.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 235. 1878.— Borassus sundaicus Becc., Webbia 4: 321. 1914. Distribution.— Tropical and Subtropical Asia. Vernacular name.— Tan (ตาล) (General); Ta-not (ตะนอด) (Khmer); Tan tanot (ตาล โตนด), Tan yai (ตาลใหญ) (Central); Than (ถาล) (Shan-Mae Hong Son); Tho-thu (ทอถู) (Karen-Mae Hong Son); Tha-nao (ทะเนาด) (Khmer-Phratabong); Thang (ทาง) (KarenTak, Chiang Mai); Not (โหนด) (Peninsular). Use.— Handicrafts, palm wine, sugar and construction material. 5. CALAMUS L., Sp. Pl. 325. 1753.— Palmijuncus Rumph. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 731. 1891. nom illegit.— Rotanga Boehm., Defin. Gen. Pl. 395. 1760.— Rotang Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 24 1763.— Zalaccella Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 496 (1908).— Cornera Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 518. 1955.— Schizospatha Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 525. 1955. Three hundred and sixty-six species, Tropical Africa, Tropical and Subtropical Asia to SW Pacific. Fifty-four species with two subspecies and four varieties in Thailand. 1. Calamus acanthophyllus Becc., Webbia 3: 229. 1910. Distribution.— E Thailand to Laos. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 37 Vernacular name.— Wai nang (หวายนั่ง) (Si Sa Ket). Use.— Handicrafts, edible shoot and root can be used to treat malaria. 2. Calamus acanthospathus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 39. 1845.— Palmijuncus acanthospathus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus montanus T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 9. 1871.— Palmijuncus montanus (T. Anderson) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus feanus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 448. 1892.— C. feanus var. medogensis S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 137. 1989.— C. yunnanensis var. densiflorus S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 135. 1989, nom. invalid.— C. yunnanensis var. intermedius S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 137. 1989, nom. invalid.— C. yunnanensis Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 3(1): 11. 1999. Distribution.— Central Himalaya to S China and Indo-China. 3. Calamus arborescens Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 33. 1845.— Palmijuncus arborescens (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus hostilis Wall. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutta 639. 1845, nom. nud. Distribution.— Myanmar to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Lam phang (ลําพาง) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Yi-kha-se (ยีคาเซ) (Karen-Kanchanburi);Wai ton (หวายตน) (Kanchanaburi). 4. Calamus axillaris Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 456. 1893.— C. hendersonii Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 100. 1956.— C. riparius Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 103. 1956. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, NW Borneo. Vernacular name.— Wai ta kha nam (หวายตะคาน้ํา) (Narathiwat). 5. Calamus balingensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 240. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai lue bae (หวายลึแบ) (Yala). 6. Calamus blumei Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 340. 1908.— C. mawaiensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 75. 1956.— C. penibukanensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 79. 1956.— C. slootenii Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 79. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai khi phueng (หวายขี้ผึ้ง) (Trang). 38 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 7. Calamus bousigonii Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 209. 1902. 7a. subsp. bousigonii Distribution.—Southeast Thailand to Indo-China. 7b. subsp. smitinandii J. Dransf., Kew Bull. 55: 713. 2000. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Wai sae ma (หวายแซมา) (Trang). 8. Calamus burkillianus Becc. ex Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 56. 1925.— C. chibehensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 244. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai kradat (หวายกระดาษ) (Narathiwat); Ro-tae-kri-ya (รอแตกรียะ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 9. Calamus caesius Blume, Rumphia 3: 57 1847.— Palmijuncus caesius (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Rotang caesius (Blume) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 300. 1895.— Calamus glaucescens Blume, Rumphia 3: 65. 1847. nom illegit.— Palmijuncus glaucescens (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Philippines (Palawan). Vernacular name.— Wai ta kha thong (หวายตะคาทอง), Ro-tae-sa-kong (รอแตะสะกอง), Ka-tae-sa-tong (กาแตะสะตอง), Ro-tan-se-ka (โรตันเซละ), Wa-tae-sa-ko (วาแตะสะกอ) (Malay Peninsular); Wai ta khla thong (หวายตะคลาทอง). 10. Calamus castaneus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 28. 1845.— C. griffithianus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 332. 1853.— Palmijuncus griffithianus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus castaneus Griff. var. griffithianus (Mart.) Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 50. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Chak khao (จากเขา) (Trang); Chak cham (จากจํา) (Narathiwat). 11. Calamus concinnus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 332. 1853.— Palmijuncus concinnus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Plectocomiopsis ferox Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penins. 5: 66. 1925. Distribution.— Myanmar to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai nang (หวายนั่ง) (Peninsular). 12. Calamus densiflorus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 445. 1893.— C. neglectus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 458. 1893. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 39 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai khi re (หวายขี้เหร) (Trang). 13. Calamus diepenhorstii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 594. 1861.— Palmijuncus diepenhorstii (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus singaporensis Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 454. 1893.— C. diepenhorstii var. singaporensis (Becc.) Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 325. 1908.— C. pacificus Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 59. 1915. Distribution.— Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai khom (หวายขม) (Trang); Wai khiao (หวายเขียว) (Narathiwat). 14. Calamus erectus Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 774. 1832.— Palmijuncus erectus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus collinus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 31. 1845.— Palmijuncus collinus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus erectus var. collinus (Griff.) Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 439. 1892.— C. schizospathus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 32. 1845.— Palmijuncus schizospathus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus erectus var. schizospathus (Griff.) Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 125. 1908.— C. macrocarpus Griff. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 333. 1853.— Palmijuncus macrocarpus (Griff. ex Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus erectus var. macrocarpus (Griff. ex Mart.) Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 439. 1892.— C. erectus var. birmanicus Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 197. 1902. Distribution.— Sikkim to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Khi sian (ขีเ้ สี้ยน) (Trang). Use.— Edible shoot. 15. Calamus erinaceus (Becc.) J. Dransf., Kew Bull. 32: 484. 1978.— Daemonorops erinacea Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 225. 1902.— Calamus aquatilis Ridl., J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 43. 1904. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia and Philippines (Palawan). Vernacular name.— Wai phang ka (หวายพังกา) (Trang). 16. Calamus exilis Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 51. 1850. Palmijuncus exilis (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— C. curtisii Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 204. 1907.— C. ciliaris var. peninsularis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 60. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Wai phra ram (หวายพระราม) (Narathiwat); Si-ha-mo (ซีฮามอ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 40 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 17. Calamus flagellum Griff. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 333. 1853.— Palmijuncus flagellum (Griff. ex Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus polygamus Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 780. 1832. synon. provis.— Palmijuncus polygamus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus jenkinsianus Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 40. 1850, nom. illegit.— Palmijuncus jenkinsianus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus flagellum var. karinensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11 (1): 129. 1908.— C. karinensis (Becc.) S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 133. 1989. Distribution.— Sikkim to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China. Use.— Edible shoot. 18. Calamus godefroyi Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 267. 1908. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Wai nam (หวายน้ํา) (Nong Khai). 19. Calamus griseus J. Dransf., Thai For. Bull., Bot. 28: 157. 2000. Distribution.— Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. 20. Calamus guruba Buch.- Ham. in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 211. 1838.— Daemonorops guruba (Buch.-Ham.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 330. 1853.— Palmijuncus guruba (Buch.-Ham.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Calamus mastersianus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 76. 1845.— C. nitidus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 334. 1853.— Palmijuncus nitidus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus multirameus Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 202. 1907.— C. guruba var. ellipsoideus San Y. Chen & K. L. Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 24: 202. 2002. Distribution.— India (Darjeeling) to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai khi kai (หวายขี้ไก) (Peninsular). Use.— Edible shoot. 21. Calamus henryanus Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 199. 1902.— C. balansaeanus Becc., Webbia 3: 230. 1910.— C. henryanus var. castaneolepis C. F. Wei, Guihaia 6: 32. 1986.— C. balansaeanus var. castaneolepis (C. F. Wai) S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 134. 1989. Distribution.— S China to Indo-China. Use.— Edible shoot. 22. Calamus insignis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 59. 1845.— Palmijuncus insignis (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus spathulatus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 459. 1893.— C. subspathulatus Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins 2:194. 1907. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 41 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai hin (หวายหิน) (Pattani); Ro-tae-ba-tu (รอแตบาตู) (MalayPattani). 22a. var. longispinosus J. Dransf., Malaysian Forester 41: 342. 1978. Distribution.— Thailand to N Sumatra. 22b. var. robustus (Becc.) J. Dransf., Malaysian Forester 41: 342. 1978.— Calamus spathulatus var. robustus Becc. in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. India 6: 459. 1893. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia (Perak). 23. Calamus javensis Blume, Rumphia 3: 62. 1847.— Palmijuncus javensis (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus equestris Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1330. 1830, nom. illegit.— C. tetrastichus Blume, Rumphia 3: 62. 1847.— Palmijuncus tetrastichus (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus borneensis Miq., Anal. Bot. Ind. 1: 4. 1850.— Palmijuncus borneensis (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus amplectens Becc., Malesia 2: 78 (1884).— Palmijuncus amplectens (Becc.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— P. penicellatus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Calamus javensis subvar. intermedius Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892.— C. javensis subvar. penangianus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892.— C. javensis subvar. polyphyllus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892.— C. javensis subvar. purpurascens Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892.— C. javensis subvar. tenuissimus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892.— C. borneensis Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 205. 1902, nom. illegit.— C. filiformis Becc., For. Borneo. 609. 1902.— C. javensis var. acicularis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 185. 1908.— C. kemamanensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 170. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia, Philippines (Palawan). Vernacular name.— Wai lek (หวายเล็ก ) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Wai khao san (หวายขาวสาร) (Narathiwat). 24. Calamus khasianus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 431. 1908. Distribution.— Assam to China (Yunnan). 25. Calamus laevigatus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 339. 1853.— Palmijuncus laevigatus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Ceratolobus laevigatus (Mart.) Becc. & Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6(2): 477. 1893.— Calamus pallidulus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 457. 1893.— C. retrophyllus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(App.): 123. 1913. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai kri ya (หวายกรียา ) (Yala). 42 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 26. Calamus latifolius Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 775. 1832.— Palmijuncus latifolius (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Calamus humilis Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 773. 1832.— Palmijuncus humilis (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus inermis T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 11. 1871.— Palmijuncus inermis (T. Anderson) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus macracanthus T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 10. 1871.— Palmijuncus macracanthus (T. Anderson) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus latifolius var. marmoratus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12: 107. 1918.— C. inermis var. menghaiensis San Y. Chen, S. J. Pei & K. L. Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 24: 202. 2002. Distribution.— Nepal to Myanmar. Vernacular name.— Wai pong (หวายโปง) (Central). 27. Calamus longisetus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 36. 1845.— Palmijuncus longisetus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus tigrinus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 211. 1874.— Palmijuncus tigrinus (Kurz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891. Distribution.— India (Andamans), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Southeast and Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai kam phuan (หวายกําพวน) (Trang). 28. Calamus luridus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 445. 1892.— C. laxiflorus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(App.): 13. 1913.— C. distans Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 56. 1925. C. belumutensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 223. 1956. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai sai (หวายทราย) (Narathiwat). 29. Calamus manan Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 595. 1861.— Palmijuncus manan (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Rotang manan (Miq.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299. 1895.— Calamus giganteus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 460. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai kho dam (หวายขอดํา) (Central); Ro-tae-ma-nao (รอแตมาเนา) (Malay-Narathiwat). 30. Calamus myrianthus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 451. 1893.— C. leucotes Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 309. 1908. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Wai khi kai (หวายขี้ไก ) (Surat Thani). A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 43 31. Calamus nambariensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 433. 1908.— C. nambariensis var. alpinus S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 141. 1989.— C. nambariensis var. furfuraceus S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 142. 1989.— C. nambariensis var. menglongensis S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 141. 1989.— C. nambariensis var. xishuangbannaensis S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 141. 1989.— C. nambariensis var. yingjiangensis S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 140. 1989. Distribution.— Assam to southern central China and Indo-China. 32. Calamus oligostachys T. Evans et al., Kew Bull. 56: 242. 2001.— C. pauciflorus T. Evans et al., Kew Bull. 55: 935. 2000 (non Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5:57. 1925.). Distribution.— Northeastern Thailand and Central Laos. Vernacular name.— Wai kra ting (หวายกระทิง) (Northern). 33. Calamus ornatus Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1326. 1830. Palmijuncus ornatus (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Rotang ornatus (Blume) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299. 1895.— Calamus ovatus Reinw. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 205. 1841.— C. aureus Reinw. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 341. 1853.— Palmijuncus aureus (Reinw. ex Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus ornatus var. horrida Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 460. 1893.— C. ornatus var. philippinensis Becc., Webbia 1:346. 1905. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W and C Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai chang (หวายชาง), Wai khao dam (หวายเขาดํา) (Peninsular); Wai chang yai (หวายชางใหญ ) (Yala). 34. Calamus oxleyanus Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq., Palm. Archip. Ind. 17. 1868.— Palmijuncus oxleyanus (Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops fasciculata Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 330. 1853.— Calamus fernandezii H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 236 (1878).— Palmijuncus fernandezii (H. Wendl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733 (1891).— Calamus oxleyanus var. obovatus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Culcutta) 11(App.): 112. 1913.— C. leiospathus Bartlett, Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 25:8. 1939 publ. 1940. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai dam (หวายดํา) (Trang); Wai lam diao (หวายลําเดียว) (Peninsular). 34a. var. montanus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 86. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu). 35. Calamus palustris Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 60. 1845.— Palmijuncus palustris (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus extensus Roxb., Fl. 44 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 Ind. ed. 3: 777. 1832.— Palmijuncus extensus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus latifolius Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 20. 1874.— C. palustris var. amplissimus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 405. 1908.— C. palustris var. cochinchinensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 405. 1908.— C. kerrianus Becc. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(App.). 140. 1913.— C. palustris var. longistachys S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 138. 1989.— C. loeiensis Hodel, Palm J. 139: 54. 1998. Distribution.— S China to Nicobar Is. Vernacular name.— Wai khring (หวายขริง ) (Trang); Wai ling (หวายลิง), Wai pok (หวายปอก) (Narathiwat); Sa-kro-ai (สะกรอไอ) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Handicrafts and edible shoot. 35a. var. malaccensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 405. 1908.— Calamus dumetorum Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 211. 1907. Distribution.— Myanmar to Peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Penang). 36. Calamus pandanosmus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 217. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai toei hom (หวายเตยหอม ) (General). 37. Calamus peregrinus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 66. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai nguai (หวายงวย) (Peninsular). 38. Calamus poilanei Conrard, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 28. 1938. Distribution.— Indo-China. Use.— Handicrafts and edible shoot. 39. Calamus radulosus Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 443. 1892. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia (Perak). Vernacular name.— Wai krae kri ya (หวายแกรกรียา ) (Yala). 40. Calamus rudentum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 209. 1790.— Palmijuncus rudentum (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Rotang rudentum (Lour.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299. 1895. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Wai yae (หวายแย), Wai pong (หวายโปง) (General); Wai khi sian (หวายขี้เสี้ยน) (Peninsular). A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 45 Use.— Handicrafts, edible shoot and fruits. 41. Calamus scipionum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 210. 1790.— Palmijuncus scipionum (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Rotang scipionum (Lour.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299. 1895. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia, Philippines (Palawan). Vernacular name.— Wai mai thao (หวายไมเทา) (Peninsular); Wai kam (หวายกํา) (Narathiwat). 42. Calamus sedens J. Dransf., Kew Bull. 33: 528. 1979. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 43. Calamus setulosus J. Dransf., Malaysian Forester 41: 343. 1978. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia (Perak). 44. Calamus siamensis Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 203. 1902.— C. siamensis var. malaianus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 215. 1956. Distribution.— Indo-China to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai khom (หวายขม ) (General); Krae-batu (แกรบาตู ) (MalayNarathiwat); Wai bun (หวายบุน ) (North-eastern). Use.— Widely cultivated for edible shoot. 45. Calamus solitarius T. Evans et al., Kew Bull. 55: 932. 2000. Distribution.— NE Thailand to Indo-China. 46. Calamus speciosissimus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 198. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Wai teng (หวายเต็ง ) (Narathiwat). 47. Calamus spectatissimus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 64. 1956. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai krae (หวายแกร) (Narathiwat); Krae-ki-ya (แกรกียะ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 48. Calamus temii T. Evans, Kew Bull. 57: 85. 2002. Distribution.— NE Thailand. 46 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 49. Calamus tenuis Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 780. 1832. Palmijuncus tenuis (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 734. 1891.— Calamus amarus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 210. 1790. Provisional synonym.— Palmijuncus amarus (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus heliotropium Buch.-Ham. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 210. 1841.— Palmijuncus heliotropium (Buch.-Ham. ex Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus royleanus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 40. 1845.— Palmijuncus royleanus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Rotang royleanus (Griff.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299. 1895.— Calamus horrens Blume, Rumphia 3: 43. 1847.— Palmijuncus horrens (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus stoloniferus Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bog. 75. 1844. Distribution.— India (Uttaranchal) and Java to Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Wai chumphon (หวายชุมพร ) (Central). Use.— Edible shoot. 50. Calamus tetradactylus Hance, J. Bot. 13: 289. 1875.— Palmijuncus tetradactylus (Hance) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Calamus bonianus Becc., Webbia 3: 231. 1910.— C. cambojensis Becc., Webbia 3: 232. 1910. Distribution.— S China to Indo-China. Use.— Handicrafts. 51. Calamus tomentosus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 455. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. Vernacular name.— Wai hua diao (หวายหัวเดียว), Wai khi klak (หวายขี้กลาก), Wai tao (หวายเทา) (Peninsular). 52. Calamus viminalis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 203. 1799.— Palmijuncus viminalis (Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Rotang viminalis (Willd.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 299 1895.— Calamus fasciculatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 779. 1832.— Palmijuncus fasciculatus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus viminalis var. fasciculatus (Roxb.) Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 444. 1892.— C. extensus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 210 t. 116. f. 4. 1838, nom. illegit.— C. pseudorotang Mart. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 207. 1841.— Palmijuncus pseudorotang (Mart. ex Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Calamus litoralis Blume, Rumphia 3: 43. 1847.— Palmijuncus litoralis (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus viminalis var. andamanicus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11 (1): 207. 1908.— C. viminalis var. bengalensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 206. 1908.— C. viminalis var. cochinchinensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 207. 1908.— C. viminalis var. pinangianus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 207. 1908. Distribution.— NE India to S Central China and Lesser Sunda Is (Bali). A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 47 Vernacular name.— Wai khom (หวายขม) (Central, Northern); Ro-tae-sa-po (รอแตซา โปะ) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Edible shoot and fruits. 53. Calamus viridispinus Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 458. 1893.— C. brevispadix Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 207. 1907.— C. distichus Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 206. 1907.— C. elegans Becc. ex Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 207. 1907.— C. bubuensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 417. 1908.— C. benomensis Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 132. 1956.— C. distichoideus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 122. 1956.— C. koribanus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 128. 1956.— C. oreophilus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 124. 1956.— C. distichus var. shangsiensis S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 140. 1989. Distribution.— China (Guangxi), Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 54. Calamus wailong S. J. Pei & S. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 138. 1989. Distribution.— China (Yunnan) to Indo-China. Use.— Edible shoot. 6. CARYOTA L., Sp. Pl. 1189. 1753.— Schunda-Pana Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 24. 1763.— Thuessinkia Korth. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 41. 1855, nom. illegit. Fourteen species, SC China, Tropical Asia, N Australia. Five species in Thailand. 1. Caryota bacsonensis Magalon, Contr. Étud. Palmiers Indoch. 128. 1930. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Tao rang (เตาราง ) (Central, Peninsular); Khueang luang (เขือง หลวง) (Northern); Choi (จอย) (Mae Hong Son). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Caryota kiriwongensis Hodel, Palm J. 139: 53. 1998. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Tao rang yak (เตารางยักษ ) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). 3. Caryota maxima Blume in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 195. 1838.— C. rumphiana var. javanica Becc., Malesia 1: 74. 1877.— C. furfuracea var. caudata 48 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 Blume in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3 (ed. 2): 195. 1845.— C. furfuracea var. furcata Blume in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3 (ed. 2): 195. 1845.— C. ochlandra Hance, J. Bot. 17: 174. 1879.— C. obtusa var. aequatorialis Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 423. 1892.— C. rumphiana var. oxyodonta Becc., Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 337. 1919.— C. rumphiana var. philippinensis Becc., Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 337. 1919.— C. aequatorialis (Becc.) Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 20. 1925.— C. macrantha Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 197. 1940. Distribution.— S China to Thailand and W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Khueang luang (เขืองหลวง), Khueang yai (เขืองใหญ) (Northern); Tao rang yak (เตารางยักษ ) (Central, Peninsular). 4. Caryota mitis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. : 697. 1790.— C. furfuracea Blume in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 195. 1838.— C. propinqua Blume in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 195. 1838.— C. sobolifera Wall. in C. F. P. von Martius, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 194. 1838.— Drymophloeus zippellii Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 9: 170. 1842.— Thuessinkia speciosa Korth., Fl. Ind. Bat. 3: 41. 1855.— Caryota javanica Zipp. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 41. 1856, nom. illegit.— C. griffithii Becc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 3: 15. 1871.— C. griffithii var. selebica Becc., Malesia 1: 75. 1877.— C. nana Linden, Ill. Hort. 28: 16. 1881.— C. speciosa Linden, Ill. Hort. 28: 16. 1881. Distribution.— SE China to Indo-China and Malesia. Vernacular name.— Tao rang daeng (เตารางแดง) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Ma deng (มะเด็ง) (Yala); Ngue-deng (งือเด็ง) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 5. Caryota obtusa Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 480. 1845.— C. rumphiana var. indica Becc., Malesia 1: 75. 1877.— C. obtusidentata Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind.: t. 236A, B. 1850.— C. gigas Hahn ex Hodel, Palm J. 139: 51. 1998, without diagnostic latin descr. Distribution.— Assam. Vernacular name.— Tao rang yak (เตารางยักษ ) (North-eastern). 7. CERATOLOBUS Blume ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg. 7: 80. 1830. Six species, Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. One species in Thailand. Ceratolobus subangulatus (Miq.) Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(App.): iii. 1913.— Calamus subangulatus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 594. 1861.— Palmijuncus subangulatus (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 734. 1891.— Ceratolobus A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 49 laevigatus var. subangulatus (Miq.) Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 16. 1918.— C. laevigatus var. angustifolius Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 477. 1893.— C. laevigatus var. borneensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 16. 1918.— C. laevigatus var. divaricatus Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12 (2): 16. 1918.— C. laevigatus var. major Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12 (2): 16. 1918.— C. laevigatus var. regularis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 16. 1918. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. A second species, Ceratolobus glaucescens Blume, was recorded by Hodel and Vatcharakorn as occurring in Peninsular Thailand, based on a specimen in cultivation in Nong Nooch Garden, said to have been collected in Thailand. However, this species is otherwise known from a very small area of West Java where it is in danger of extinction. Seed of this species was quite widely distributed from Bogor in Java in the 1970s and it seems more likely to us that the material in cultivation in Thailand originates from Javanese seed. 8. CORYPHA L., Sp. Pl. 1187. 1753.— Codda-Pana Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 25. 1763, nom illegit.— Taliera Mart., Palm. Fam. 10. 1824.— Gembanga Blume, Flora 8: 580. 1825.— Bessia Raf., Sylva Tellur. 13. 1838.— Dendrema Raf., Sylva Tellur. 14. 1838. Six species, Tropical Asia to Australia. Two species in Thailand. 1. Corypha lecomtei Becc. ex Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 79. 1917. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Lan (ลาน), Lan pa (ลานปา) (General). 2. Corypha utan Lam., Encycl. 2: 131. 1786.— Taliera sylvestris Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1307. 1830, nom. illegit.— Corypha sylvestris (Blume) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 233. 1838.— C. elata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 176. 1824.— Taliera elata (Roxb.) Wall., Rep. Calcutta Bot. Gard. to G. A. Bushby. 29. 1840.— Gembanga rotundifolia Blume, Flora 8: 580. 1825.— Taliera gembanga Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1307. 1830, nom. illegit.— Corypha gembanga (Blume) Blume, Rumphia 2: 59. 1839.— C. gebang Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 233. 1838.— Corypha macropoda Kurz ex Linden, Cat. Gén. 87. 1871.— C. macropoda Linden ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 197. 1874.— C. macrophylla Roster, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 29: 81. 1904.— Livistona vidalii Becc. Webbia 1: 343. 1905. Distribution.— NE India to N Australia. Vernacular name.— Lan phru (ลานพรุ), Lan (ลาน ) (Peninsular). 50 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 9. CYRTOSTACHYS Blume, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1: 66. 1838. Eleven species, Peninsular Thailand to Papuasia. One species in Thailand. Cyrtostachys renda Blume, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1: 66 (1838).— Bentinckia renda (Blume) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 316. 1853.— Areca erythropoda Miq., J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 6. 1861.— Pinanga purpurea Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 590. 1861.— Ptychosperma coccinea Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bog. 69. 1866.— Areca erythrocarpa H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 231. 1878.— Cyrtostachys lakka Becc., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 141. 1885.— Pinanga rubricaulis Linden., Cat. Pl. Hort. Contin. 1885: 61, n. 117. 1885. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Mak daeng (หมากแดง) (Bangkok); Kap daeng (กับแดง), Ka daeng (กะแด็ง) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Mak wing (หมากวิง) (Pattani). Use.— Ornamental. 10. DAEMONOROPS Blume in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: 1333. 1830. One hundred and ten species, Tropical and Subtropical Asia. Fifteen species in Thailand. 1. Daemonorops angustifolia (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Calamus angustifolius Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 89. 1845.— C. hygrophilus Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind.: t. 213 C. 1850.— Daemonorops hygrophila (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 328. 1853.— Palmijuncus hygrophilus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops carcharodon Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 178. 1907.— D. angustispatha Furtado, Gard. Bull. Str. Settlem. 9: 161. 1937. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai nam (หวายน้ํา) (Peninsular); Ro-tan-ta-wa (รอตันตาวา) (Malay-Peninsular). 2. Daemonorops didymophylla Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 468. 1893.— Calamus didymophyllus (Becc.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 30: 221. 1897.— C. cochleatus Miq., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. 11: 29. 1868, nom. nud.— Palmijuncus cochleatus (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891, nom. invalid.— Daemonorops cochleata Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 11(5): 29. 1868, nom. nud.— D. mattanensis Becc., Nelle Forest. Borneo: 608. 1902.— D. motleyi Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 224. 1902. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 51 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai khi pet (หวายขี้เปด ) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). 3. Daemonorops geniculata (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 329. 1853.— Calamus geniculatus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 67. 1845.— Palmijuncus geniculatus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai ta no (หวายตาเนาะ) (Narathiwat). 4. Daemonorops grandis (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Calamus grandis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 84. 1845.— Palmijuncus grandis (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— P. grandis (Griff.) Kuntze., Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus intermedius Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 86. 1845.— Daemonorops intermedia (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Palmijuncus intermedius (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus acanthopis Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind.: t. 216. 1850.— Daemonorops kirtong Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 102. 1850.— D. malaccensis Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Palmijuncus malaccensis (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops grandis var. megacarpus Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14:67. 1953.— D. laciniata Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 75. 1953. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai chak (หวายจาก) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). 5. Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Calamus jenkinsianus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 81. 1845.— Palmijuncus jenkinsianus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Calamus nutantiflorus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 79. 1845.— Daemonorops nutantiflora (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 326. 1853.— Palmijuncus nutantiflorus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732. 1891.— Daemonorops pierreana Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 220. 1902.— D. schmidtiana Becc., Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 98. 1909. Distribution.— E Himalaya to Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Wai som khao (หวายโสมเขา) (Trat). Use.— Edible shoot and leaves used as thatch. 6. Daemonorops kunstleri Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 469. 1893.— D. vagans Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 469. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai nang (หวายนั่ง), Wai din (หวายดิน) (Narathiwat); Wai khi re (หวายขี้เหร) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Ta-no-boe-sa (ตาเนาะเบอซา) (Malay-Narathiwat). 52 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 7. Daemonorops leptopus (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 329. 1853.— Calamus leptopus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 73. 1845.— Palmijuncus leptopus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops congesta Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 179. 1907. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 8. Daemonorops lewisiana (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 327. 1853.— Calamus lewisianus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 87. 1845.— Palmijuncus lewisianus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops pseudosepal Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 465. 1893.— D. tabacina Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 466. 1893.— D. bakauensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Culcutta) 12(1): 220. 1911.— D. curtisii Furtado, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 164. 1937. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. 9. Daemonorops macrophylla Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 470. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai loe bae lek (หวายเลอแบเล็ก) (Narathiwat). 10. Daemonorops melanochaetes Blume in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: 1333. 1830.— Calamus melanochaetes (Blume) Miq., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. 11: 28. 1868.— Daemonorops javanica Furtado, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 170. 1937. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. 11. Daemonorops monticola (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 328. 1853.— Calamus monticolus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 90. 1845.— Palmijuncus monticolus (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 12. Daemonorops propinqua Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 467. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. 13. Daemonorops sabut Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 469. 1893.— D. annulata Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 227. 1902.— D. pseudomirabilis Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 226. 1902.— D. turbinata Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(1): 225. 1911. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai phon khon non (หวายพนขนหนอน) (Trang); Loe-bae-boesa (เลอแบเบอซา) (Malay-Narathiwat). A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 53 14. Daemonorops sepal Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 465. 1893.— D. imbellis Becc., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 220. 1902.— D. aciculata Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 176. 1907.— D. scortechinii Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(1): 81. 1911.— D. kiahii Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 73. 1953.— D. nurii Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 85. 1953. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 15. Daemonorops verticillaris (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 329. 1853.— Calamus verticillaris Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 63. 1845.— Palmijuncus verticillaris (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Daemonorops setigera Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 45. 1925.— D. stipitata Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 142. 1953. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Wai ta pla (หวายตาปลา) (Narathiwat). 11. ELEIODOXA (Becc.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 733. 1942. One species, Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 734. 1942.— Salacca conferta Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 16. 1845.— S. scortechinii Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard (Calcutta) 12(3): 97. 1919.— Eleiodoxa scortechinii (Becc.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 735. 1942.— E. microcarpa Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 735. 1942.— E. orthoschista Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 734. 1942.— E. xantholepis Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. BerlinDahlem 15: 735. 1942. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Lumphi (ลุมพี, หลุมพี) (Narathiwat, Pattani); Kra-lu-bi (กระลูบี), Lu-bi (ลุบ)ี (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Edible fermented fruits. 12. EUGEISSONA Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 101. 1845. Six species, in Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. One species in Thailand. Eugeissona tristis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 101. 1845. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 54 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 Vernacular name.— Chak khao (จากเขา) (Narathiwat); Chak cham (จากจํา) (Yala, Pattani); Sue-dae (ซือแด ) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Young endosperm edible. 13. IGUANURA Blume, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 66. 1838.— Slackia Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 162. 1851. Thirty-two species from Thailand to W Malesia. Seven species with one variety in Thailand. 1. Iguanura bicornis Becc., Malesia 3: 188. 1886. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak faet (หมากแฝด ) (Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Iguanura divergens Hodel, Palm J. 137: 7. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Mak tok (หมากตอก) (Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 3. Iguanura geonomiformis Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 229. 1845.— Slackia geonomiformis (Mart.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 162. 1851.— Iguanuara malaccensis Becc., Malesia 3:123. 1886.— I. geonomiformis var. malaccensis (Becc.) Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 150. 1907.— I. wallichiana var. malaccensis (Becc.) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 222. 1976.— I. geonomiformis subsp. malaccensis (Becc.) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 222. 1976.— I. geonomiformis var. ramosa Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2:151. 1907.— I. wallichiana var. elatior Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 224. 1976. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak pinae (หมากปแน) (Peninsular); Pi-nae-due-kong (ปแนดือ กง), Pi-nae-bong (ปแนบอง) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental 4. Iguanura polymorpha Becc., Malesia 3: 189. 1886.— I. polymorpha var. canina Becc., Malesia 3: 189. 1886.— I. brevipes Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 416. 1892.— I. ferruginea Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 40. 1903. — I. arakudensis Furtado, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 273. 1934.— I. speciosa Hodel, Palm J. 134: 29. 1997.— I. polymorpha var. integra C. K. Lim, Principes 42: 112. 1998. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 55 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak che (หมากเจ) (Nakhon Si Thammarat); Mak khao san (หมากขาวสาร) (Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 5. Iguanura tenuis Hodel, Palm J. 136: 11. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. 5a. var. khaosokensis C. K. Lim, Principes 42: 112. 1998. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. 6. Iguanura thalangensis C. K. Lim, Principes 42: 114. 1998. Distribution.— Thailand. 7. Iguanura wallichiana (Mart.) Becc., Malesia 3: 100. 1886.— Areca wallichiana Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 178. 1838.— Slackia insignis Griff., J. Trav. 2: 187. 1847.— Iguanura wallichiana var. minor Becc. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 416. 1892.— Slackia geonomiformis (Mart.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 162. 1954.— Iguanura multifida Hodel, Palm J., 136:8. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Mak tok bai yai (หมากตอกใบใหญ) (Peninsular); Mareng (เมร็ง) (Trang). Use.— Ornamental. 14. JOHANNESTEIJSMANNIA H. E. Moore, Principes 5: 116. 1961.— Teysmannia Rchb. fil. & Zoll., Linnaea 28: 657. 1858. Four species from Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. One species in Thailand. Johannesteijsmannia altifrons (Rchb. fil. & Zoll.) H. E. Moore, Principes 5: 116. 1961.— Teysmannia altifrons Rchb. f. & Zoll., Linnaea 28: 657. 1858. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Bang sun (บังสูรย) (Bangok); Palm khao lam tat (ปาลมขาวหลาม ตัด), Palm bang sun (ปาลมบังสูรย) (Peninsular); Li-pae (ลีแป) (Malay-Peninsular); Mak ta khap (หมากตะขาบ) (Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 56 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 15. KERRIODOXA J. Dransf., Principes 27: 4. 1983. Endemic to Peninsular Thailand. Kerriodoxa elegans J. Dransf., Principes 27: 4. 1983. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Praya thalang (พระยาถลาง), Chao muang thalang (เจาเมืองถลาง) (Central); Ching lang khao (ชิงหลังขาว), Tang lang khao (ทังหลังขาว) (Phuket). Use.— Ornamental. 16. KORTHALSIA Blume, Rumphia 2: 166. 1843.— Calamosagus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 22. 1845. Twenty-seven species, Indo-China to New Guinea. Five species in Thailand. 1. Korthalsia flagellaris Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 591. 1861.— K. rubiginosa Becc., Malesia 2: 72. 1884. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai sadao nam (หวายสะเดาน้ํา), Wai dao nam (หวายเดาน้ํา) (Narathiwat); Ro-tan-da-nae (รอตันดาแน) (Malay-Narathiwat). 2. Korthalsia laciniosa (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 211. 1845.— Calamosagus laciniosus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 23. 1845.— C. wallichiifolius Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 24. 1845.— Korthalsia wallichiifolia (Griff.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 248. 1878.— Calamosagus harinifolius Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 29. 1850.— Korthalsia teysmannii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 591. 1861.— K. scaphigera Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 513. 1877, nom. illegit.— Korthalsia andamanensis Becc., Malesia 2: 76. 1884.— Korthalsia grandis Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 217. 1907. Distribution.— Indo-China to Philippines. Vernacular name.— Wai sadao yai (หวายสะเดาใหญ), Wai dao yai (หวายเดาใหญ) (Peninsular); Da-nae-ka-yo (ดาแนกาเยาะ) (Malay-Narathiwat); Wai sadao nam (หวายสะเดา น้ํา) (Narathiwat). 3. Korthalsia rigida Blume, Rumphia 2: 167. 1843.— K. polystachya Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 210. 1845— Calamosagus polystachys (Mart.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 235. 1878.— C. ochriger Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 57 31. 1850.— Korthalsia ferox var. malayana Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 476. 1893.— K. hallieriana Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 142. 1918.— K. paludosa Furtado, Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 313. 1951. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Philippines (Palawan). Vernacular name.— Wai dao nu (หวายเดาหนู) (Trang); Da-nae-ti-ku (ดาแนตีกุ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 4. Korthalsia rostrata Blume, Rumphia, 2: 168. 1843.— Ceratolobus rostratus (Blume) Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 11. 1918.— Korthalsia scaphigera Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3 (ed. 2): 211. 1845.— Calamosagus scaphiger (Mart.) Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 30. t. 148 a. 1850.— Korthalsia lobbiana H. Wendl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 174. 1859.— K. machadonis Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 216. 1907. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. 5. Korthalsia scortechinii Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 475. 1893. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai kung (หวายกุง), Wai dao lek (หวายเดาเล็ก), Wai sadao lek (หวายสะเดาเล็ก) (Narathiwat); Ro-tae-u-dae (รอแตอูแด) (Malay-Narathiwat). 17. LICUALA Wurmb, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 2: 469. 1780.— Pericycla Blume, Rumphia, 2: 47. 1838.— Dammera K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee 201. 1900. One hundred and thirty-four species from Bhutan to Vanuatu. Thirteen species with one variety in Thailand (Barfod & Saw 2002). 1. Licuala distans Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 123. 1920. Distribution.— Endemic to Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Ka pho si sip (กะพอสี่สิบ ) (Peninsular); Chiang (ชิง) (Trang). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Licuala glabra Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 329. 1845.— L. longipedunculata Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 42. 1903. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Pa-la (ปาละ) (Malay-Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 58 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 3. Licuala kunstleri Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 433. 1892. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Tan diao (ตาลเดี่ยว), Ka pho khao (กะพอเขา), Ka pho nam man (กะพอน้ํามัน) (Narathiwat). 4. Licuala malajana Becc., Malesia 3: 197. 1889. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Ka pho khao (กะพอเขา) (Narathiwat). 5. Licuala merguensis Becc., Webbia 5: 47. 1921.— L. hirta Hodel, Palm J. 136: 12. 1997. Distribution.— S Myanmar to Peninsular Thailand. 6. Licuala modesta Becc., Malesia 3: 195. 1889.— L. wrayi Becc. ex Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 201. 1920. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. 7. Licuala paludosa Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 323. 1844.— L. amplifrons Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 591. 1861.— L. oxleyi H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 249. 1878.— L. paniculata Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 42. 1903. — L. aurantiaca Hodel, Palm J. 134: 30. 1997. Distribution.— Indo-China to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Ka pho (กะพอ) (Peninsular); Ka pho daeng (กะพอแดง), Pho phru (พอพรุ), Khuan (ขวน) (Narathiwat); Ku-wa-mae-ro Narathiwat). (กูวาแมเราะ) (Malay- Use.— Ornamental. 8. Licuala peltata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 313. 1826. Distribution.— Bhutan to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Chao muang trang (เจาเมืองตรัง) (Trang); Ka phlo (กะพลอ) (Phichit); Ka pho (กะพอ) (Bangkok); Ching (จิ้ง) (Satun); Ching (ชิง) (Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 8a. var. sumawongii Saw, Sandakania 10: 10. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 59 9. Licuala poonsakii Hodel, Palm J. 134: 32. 1997. Distribution.— E & SE Thailand. 10. Licuala pusilla Becc. Malesia 3: 194. 1889.— L. tansachana Hodel, Palm J. 134: 34. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to western central Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Ka pho nu (กะพอหนู) (Pattani); Ka pho nok aen (กะพอนกแอน), Pa-la-ti-ku (ปาละติก)ุ (Malay-Pattani). 11. Licuala scortechinii Becc., Malesia 3: 192. 1889.— L. delicata Hodel, Palm J. 136: 11. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to NW Peninsular Malaysia. 12. Licuala spinosa Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya. Handl. 3: 287. 1782.— Corypha pilearia Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 213. 1790.— L. pilearia (Lour.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 42. 1838.— L. ramosa Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1303. 1830.— L. horrida Blume, Rumphia 2: 39. 1838.— L. spinosa var. brevidens Becc., Malesia 3: 74. 1886.— L. spinosa var. cochinchinensis Becc., Malesia 3: 74. 1886.— L. acutifida var. Peninsularis Becc., Webbia 5:44. 1921. Distribution.— China (Hainan), Indo-China to Philippines. Vernacular name.— Ka pho (กะพอ), Ka pho nam (กะพอหนาม) (Central); Ka pho khiao (กะพอเขียว), Pho (พอ) (Peninsular); Ku-wa (กูวา) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 13. Licuala triphylla Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 332. 1844.— L. ternata Griff. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3 (ed. 2): 238. 1849.— L. triphylla var. integrifolia Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 164. 1907.— L. filiformis Hodel, Palm J. 134: 32. 1997.— L. stenophylla Hodel, Palm J. 137: 16. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Ka pho nu (กะพอหนู) (Pattani); Ka pho nok aen (กะพอนกแอน), Pa-la ti-ku (ปาละติก)ุ (Malay-Pattani). Use.— Ornamental. 18. LIVISTONA R. Rr., Prodr. 267. 1810.— Saribus Blume, Rumphia 2: 48. 1838.— Wissmannia Burret, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73: 182. 1943. Thirty-three species in NE Tropical Africa, S Yemen, Bangladesh to Japan and Australia. Two species in Thailand (Dowe 2001). 60 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 1. Livistona jenkinsiana Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 334. 1845.— Saribus jenkensii (Griff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 736. 1891.— Livistona jenkinsii Griff. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3 (ed. 2): 242. 1849, orth. — L. speciosa Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 204. 1874. Saribus speciosus (Kurz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 736. 1891. Distribution.— China (Yunnan) and Bhutan to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Kho (คอ) (Northern, Prachuap Khiri Khan); Ko lae (กอแล) (Chiang Mai); Tho (ทอ) (Karen-Mae Hong Son); Nang klang chae (นางกลางแจะ), Ma ko suam (มะกอซวม), Ma ko daeng (มะกอแดง) (Northern); Lo-la (โลละ), Lu-la (หลูหลา) (KarenMae Hong Son); Si reng (สิเหรง) (Pattani). Use.— Leaves for thatch, trunk for house construction. 2. Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev., Bull. Écon. Indochine, n. s., 21: 501. 1919.— Chamaerops cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2:657. 1790.— Saribus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Blume, Rumphia 2:48. 1838.— Rhapis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 254. 1838.— Livistona cochinchinensis (Lour.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3(ed. 2): 242. 1849.— Corypha saribus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 212. 1790.— Saribus hasseltii Hassk., Flora 25 (Beibl. 2) 16. 1842.— Livistona hasseltii (Hassk.) Hassk. ex Miq., Palm. Archip. Ind. 14. 1868.— L. spectabilis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 336. 1845.— L. diepenhorstii Hassk., Bonplandia 6:180. 1858.— Pholidocarpus diepenhorstii (Hassk.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15:327. 1941.— Livistona hoogendorpii Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq., Palm. Archip. Ind.: 14. 1868.— Saribus hoogendorpii (Tejism. & Binn. ex Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 736. 1891.— Sabal hoogendorpii (Tejism. & Binn. ex Miq.) L. H. Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort. 6: 3045. 1917.— Livistona inaequisecta Becc., Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 616. 1909.— L. vogamii Becc., Webbia 5: 22. 1921.— L. tonkinensis Magalon, Contrib. É tude Palm. Indochine France. 54. 1930.— L. fengkaiensis X. W. Wei & M. Y. Xiao, J. S. China Agric. Coll. 8(1): 22. 1982. Distribution.— SE China to Indo-China and Philippines. Vernacular name.— Rok (รอก) (Trang); Chathang (จะทัง) (Surat Thani); Kho soi (คอสรอย) (Bangkok). Use.— Ornamental. 19. MAXBURRETIA Furtado, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 240. 1941.— Liberbaileya Furtado, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 238. 1941.— Symphyogyne Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. BerlinDahlem 15: 316. 1941. nom. illegit. Three species, Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. One species in Thailand. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 61 Maxburretia furtadoana J. Dransf., Gentes Herb. 11: 195. 1978. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Mak phra rahu (หมากพระราหู) (Bangkok); Palm phra rahu (ปาลมพระราหู) (Surat Thani). Use.— Ornamental. 20. MYRIALEPIS Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit India 6: 480. 1893.— Bejaudia Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 149. 1937. One species, Indo-China to Sumatra. Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) J. Dransf., Kew Bull. 37: 242. 1982.— Calamus paradoxus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 213. 1874.— Palmijuncus paradoxus (Kurz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 733. 1891.— Plectocomiopsis paradoxus (Kurz) Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 488. 1893.— Myrialepis scortechinii Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit Ind. 6: 480. 1893.— Plectocomiopsis scortechinii (Becc.) Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 213. 1907.— P. annulatus Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 213. 1907.— P. floribundus Becc., Webbia 3: 235. 1910.— Myrialepis floribunda (Becc.) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 6: 1003. 1937.— Bejaudia cambodiensis Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 149. 1937. Distribution.— Indo-China to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Wai kung (หวายกุง) (Trang); Wai chang (หวายชาง) (Peninsular); Lae-ka-yo (แลกาเยาะ) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Edible shoot. 21. NENGA H. Wendl. & Drude, Linnaea 39: 182. 1875. Five species, S Indo-China to W Malesia. Two species with one variety in Thailand. 1. Nenga macrocarpa Scort. ex Becc., Malesia 3: 180. 1889. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak nga chang thon (หมากงาชางโทน) (Narathiwat); Pi-naedue-klong (ปแนดือกลง) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 62 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 2. Nenga pumila (Blume) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 251. 1878.— Areca nenga Blume ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:179. 1838.— Pinanga nenga (Blume ex Mart.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 77. 1839.— Ptychosperma nenga (Blume ex Mart.) Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 69. 1866. — Areca pumila Blume, Rumphia 2: 71. 1839.— Pinanga pumila (Blume) Blume, Rumphia 2: 77. 1839.— Nenga wendlandiana Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 153. 1876.— Areca wendlandiana (Scheff.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 332. 1878. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. 2a. var. pachystachya (Blume) Fernando, Principes 27: 61. 1983.— Pinanga nenga var. pachystachya Blume, Rumphia 2: 78. 1839.— Nenga intermedia Becc., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 81 1885.— Nenga schefferiana Becc., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 81. 1885.— N. wendlandiana f. hexapetala Becc., Malesia 3: 183. 1889.— N. wendlandiana var. malaccensis Becc., Malesia 3: 182. 1889. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Mak nga chang (หมากงาชาง) (Trang); Mak khiao (หมากเขียว) (Narathiwat); Pi-nae-lue-do (ปแนลือดอ) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 22. NYPA Steck, Sagu 15. 1757; cf. H. E. Moore Taxon 11: 164. 1962.— Nipa Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 3: 231. 1782. One species, Sri Lanka to Nansei-shoto and the Caroline Is. Nypa fruticans Wurmb, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten. 1: 349. 1779.— N. fruticans (Wurmb) Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 3: 231. 1782.— Cocos nypa Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 567. 1790.— Nipa litoralis Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. I. 662. 1837.— N. arborescens Wurmb. ex H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 252. 1878. Distribution.— Sri Lanka to Nansei-shoto and Caroline Is. Vernacular name.— Chak (จาก ) (General); At-ta (อัตตะ) (Malay-Peninsular). Use.— Multipurpose. 23. ONCOSPERMA Blume, Rumphia 2: 96. t. 82, 103. 1843.— Keppleria Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 355. 1842, nom. illegit. Five species, Sri Lanka to Philippines. Two species in Thailand. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 63 1. Oncosperma horridum (Griff.) Scheff., Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië, 32: 191. 1871.— Areca nibung Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:173. 1838.— A. horrida Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 465. 1845. Distribution.— Thailand to W Malesia and the Philippines. Vernacular name.— Lao chaon khao (หลาวชะโอนเขา), Lao chaon pa (หลาวชะโอนปา), Tanghan (ตังหัน), Tu ngan (ตุหงัน) (Pattani); Krarian khao (กระเรียนเขา), Thu rang (ทุรัง) (Peninsular); Ba-ya (บายะห), Ba-yai (บาไย) (Malay-Yala); Ba yai (บาใหญ) (Krabi); Bo (เบาะ) (Yala). Use.— Trunk for house construction. 2. Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 33: 173. 1864.— Areca tigillaria Jack, Malayan Misc. 2(7): 88. 1820.— Keppleria tigillaria (Jack) Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 355. 1842; Comm. 266: 355. 1842.— Areca spinosa Hasselt & Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 185. 1841.— Euterpe filamentosa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 185. 1841.— Oncosperma filamentosum (Kunth) Blume, Rumphia 2: 97. 1843.— O. cambodianum Hance, J. Bot. 14: 261. 1876.— Areca nibung Griff. ex H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem Palmiers: 231. 1878. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to W Malaesia. Vernacular name.— Lao chaon (หลาวชะโอน), Chaon (ชะโอน), Lao chaon thung (หลาวชะโอนทุง) (Peninsular); Ni-bong (นิบง) (Malay-Pattani). Use.— Trunk for house construction. 24. ORANIA Zipp., Alg. Konst-Lett.-Bode 1: 297. 1829.— Macrocladus Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 489. 1845.— Sindroa Jum., Ann. Inst. Bot.— Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 1(1): 11. 1933.— Halmoorea J. Dransf. & N.W. Uhl, Principes 28: 164. 1984. Eighteen species from Madagascar, Peninsular Thailand to New Guinea. One species in Thailand. Orania sylvicola (Griff.) H. E. Moore, Principes 6: 44. 1962.— Macrocladus sylvicola Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 490. 1845.— Orania macrocladus Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3(ed. 2). 186. 1845. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Mak phon (หมากพน) (Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 64 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 25. PHOENIX L., Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753.— Elate L., Sp. Pl. 1189. 1753.— Palma Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.—Dachel Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 25. 1763.— Phoniphora Neck., Elem. Bot. 3: 302. 1790.— Fulchironia Lesch. in R. L. Desfontaines, Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 29. 1829.— Zelonops Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 102. 1837. Fourteen species, Africa, Kriti to W and Central Malesia (Barrow, 1998). Three species with one variety in Thailand. 1. Phoenix loureiroi Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 257. 1841.— P. humilis var. loureiroi (Kunth) Becc., Malesia 3: 382. 1890.— P. pusilla Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 614. 1790, nom. illegit.— P. pygmaea Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 3: 375. 1797, nom. invalid.— P.hanceana Naudin, J. Bot. 17: 174. 1879.— P. humilis var. hanceana (Naudin) Becc., Malesia 3: 392. 1890.— P. humilis Royle ex Becc., Malesia 3: 373. 1890, nom. illegit.— P. hanceana var. formosana Becc., Philipp. J. Sci. C 3: 339. 1908. 1a. var. loureiroi Distribution.— Indo-China to S China and Philippines. Vernacular name.— Palm sipsong panna (ปาลมสิบสองปนนา) (Bangkok); Peng doi (เปงดอย) (Northern). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Phoenix paludosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 789. 1832.— P. siamensis Miq., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. 11(5): 14. 1868.— P. andamanensis W. Mill., J. sm. & N. Taylor in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5:2594. 1916, nom. invalid. Distribution.— Assam to Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Peng thale (เปงทะเล) (General). Use.— Leaflet fibere for rope and thatch. 3. Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien, Gard. Chron., III, 6: 475. 1889. Distribution.— China (Yunnan) to Indo-China. Use.— Ornamental. 26. PHOLIDOCARPUS Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1308. 1830. Six species, Peninsular Thailand to Malesia. One species in Thailand. Pholidocarpus macrocarpus Becc., Malesia 3: 92. 1886. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 65 Vernacular name.— Ka pao (กะเปา) (Peninsular). Use.— Ornamental. 27. PINANGA Blume, Rumphia 2: 76. 1839.— Cladosperma Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 165. 1851.— Ophiria Becc., Ann. Jard. Buitenzorg 2: 128. 1885.— Pseudopinanga Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 188. 1936. One hundred and twenty-eight species, Tropical and Subtropical Asia to NW Pacific. Fourteen species and two varieties found in Thailand. 1. Pinanga adangensis Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 62. 1912. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak adang (หมากอาดัง) (Trang). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Pinanga auriculata Becc., Malesia 3: 134. 1886. Distribution.— Myanmar to Borneo. 2a. var. leucocarpa C. K. Lim, Gard. Bull. Singapore 50: 93. 1998.— Pinanga bowiana Hodel, Palm J. 134: 35. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak bala (หมากบาลา) (Narathiwat). 2b. var. merguensis (Becc.) C. K. Lim, Gard. Bull. Singapore 50: 89. 1998.— Pinanga patula var. merguensis Becc., Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa Processi Verbali 44: 125. 1934. Distribution.— Myanmar to Peninsular Malaysia. 3. Pinanga badia Hodel, Palm J. 136: 16. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— Mak khao (หมากเขา) (Narathiwat). 4. Pinanga disticha (Roxb.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem Palmiers 253. 1878.— Areca disticha Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 620. 1832.— Seaforthia disticha (Roxb.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 184. 1838.— Ptychosperma distichum (Roxb.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 28. 1855.— Pinanga bifida Blume, Rumphia 2: 92. 1839.— Areca curvata Griff., Ic. Pl. Asiat. 3: t. 248. 1851.— Pinanga curvata (Griff.) Becc., Malesia 3: 128. 1886.— Areca humilis Roxb. ex H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 231. 1878. 66 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak wing (หมากหวิง) (Pattani, Yala); Ri-a-su (รีอาซู) (MalayNarathiwat); Mak che (หมากเจ), Che hang pla (เจหางปลา) (Bangkok). Use.— Ornamental. 5. Pinanga fractiflexa Hodel, Palm J. 136: 19. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. 6. Pinanga malaiana (Mart.) Scheff., Tijdschr. Ned. -Indië 32: 175. 1871.— Seaforthia malaiana (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 184. 1838.— Areca malaiana (Mart.) Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 457. 1845.— Ptychosperma malaianum (Mart.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 25. 1855.— Areca haematocarpon Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 165. 1851. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Mak nga chang yak (หมากงาชางยักษ), Mak bala (หมากบาลา) (Narathiwat). 7. Pinanga paradoxa (Griff.) Scheff., Tijdschr. Ned. -Indië 32: 179. 1871.— Areca paradoxa Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist 5: 463. 1845.— Kentia paradoxa (Griff.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 312. 1849.— Nengella paradoxa (Griff.) Becc., Malesia 1: 32. 1877.— Ophiria paradoxa (Griff.) Becc., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 128. 1885.— Areca curvata Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 164. 1851.— Pinanga curvata (Griff.) Becc., Malesia 3: 128. 1886. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak che daeng (หมากเจแดง) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). Use.— Ornamental. 8. Pinanga perakensis Becc., Malesia 3: 175. 1889.— P. densifolia Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 4: 85. 1909. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Che lueang (เจเหลือง) (Peninsular). 9. Pinanga polymorpha Becc., Malesia 3: 172. 1889.— P. robusta Becc. in Hook. f, Fl. Brit. India 6: 408. 1892.— P. brewsteriana Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 188. 1915.— P. glaucescens Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 311. 1922.— P. wrayi Furtodo, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 35: 276. 1934. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak chae (หมากแจ), Che sam hang (เจสามหาง) (Narathiwat). A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 67 10. Pinanga riparia Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 201. 1905.— P. patula var. riparia (Ridl.) Becc., Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s., 42: 71. 1935. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Mak ling (หมากลิง), Chae (แจ) (Narathiwat); Mu-reng (มูเร็ง) (Malay-Narathiwat). Use.— Ornamental. 11. Pinanga scortechinii Becc., Malesia 3: 170. 1889.— P. fruticans Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penins. 5: 9. 1925. Distribution.— Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Mak indonesia (หมากอินโดนีเซีย) (Trang); Mak nga chang khao (หมากงาชางเขา) (Narathiwat). 12. Pinanga simplicifrons (Miq.) Becc., Malesia 3: 124. 1885.— Ptychosperma simplicifrons Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 590. 1861. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Mak che bala (หมากเจบาลา), Che hang pla bai diao (เจหางปลาใบ เดียว) (Narathiwat). 13. Pinanga sylvestris (Lour.) Hodel, Palm J. 139: 55. 1998.— Areca sylvestris Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 568. 1790.— Seaforthia sylvestris (Lour.) Blume ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:185. 1838.— Ptychosperma sylvestris (Lour.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 22. 1855.— Pinanga cochinchinensis Blume, Rumphia 2: 85. 1839.— Ptychosperma cochinchinense (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 23. 1855. Distribution.— Indo-China. 14. Pinanga watanaiana C. K. Lim, Principes 42: 116. 1998. Distribution.— Thailand. 28. PLECTOCOMIA Mart. & Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7(2): 1333. 1830. Sixteen species, E Himalaya to Hainan and Malesia. Four species in Thailand. 1. Plectocomia elongata Mart. & Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1333. 1830.— Rotang maximus Baill., Hist. Pl. 13: 300. 1895.— Calamus maximus Reinw. ex Schult. f. in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1333. 1830.— Plectocomia sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 592. 1861.— Plectocomia 68 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 icthyospinus auct., Gard. Chron. 5: 735. 1876.— P. hystrix Linden, Ill. Hort. 28: 32. 1881, synon. provis.— P. maxima Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 734. 1891, nom. nud.— P. griffithii Becc. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 478. 1893.— P. elongata var. bangkana Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 26. 1918.— P. crinita Gentil ex Chitt., Dict. Gard. 1605. 1956. Distribution.— Thailand to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai kam phot (หวายกําพด), Wai tao phro (หวายเตาเพราะ), Wai tong phlong (หวายโตงโพลง) (Peninsular); Wai pu chao (หวายปูเจา) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). 2. Plectocomia himalayana Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 100. 1845.— P. montana Griff. ex T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 12. 1871.— P. montana Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Brit. India 6: 478. 1893, nom. invalid. Distribution.— E Himalaya to N Laos. 3. Plectocomia kerriana Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 41. 1918. Distribution.— China (S Yunnan) to N Thailand. 4. Plectocomia pierreana Becc. Webbia 3: 236. 1910.— P. cambodiana Gagnep. ex Humbert, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 157. 1937.— P. barthiana Hodel, Palm J. 139: 54. 1998. Distribution.— Indo-China. 29. PLECTOCOMIOPSIS Becc. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 479. 1893. Five species, Indo-China to W Malesia. Two species in Thailand. 1. Plectocomiopsis geminiflora (Griff.) Becc. in Hook.f, Fl. Brit. India 6: 479. 1893.— Calamus geminiflorus Griff., Palms Brit. E. Ind. 70. 1850.— Plectocomia geminiflora (Griff.) H. Wendl. in O. C. E. de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers 254. 1878.— Calamus turbinatus Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 212. 1907.— Plectocomiopsis geminiflora var. billitonensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Culcutta) 12(2): 51. 1918.— P. geminiflora var. borneensis Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Culcutta) 12(2): 53. 1918. Distribution.— Indo-China to W Malesia. Vernacular name.— Wai kung nam phrai (หวายกุงน้ําพราย) (Trang); Wai khi re (หวาย ขี้เหร) (Surat Thani); Wai daeng (หวายแดง) (Peninsular). 2. Plectocomiopsis wrayi Becc. in Hook. f, Fl. Brit. India 6: 488. 1893.— P. dubia Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(2): 56. 1918. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 69 Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Wai daeng (หวายแดง) (Narathiwat); Lae-mae ka-yo (แลแมกา เยาะ) (Malay-Narathiwat). 30. RHAPIS L. f. in W. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. I. 3: 473. 1789. Eight species, S China to Indo-China. Two species in Thailand. 1. Rhapis laosensis Becc., Webbia 3: 225. 1910. Distribution.— E Thailand to Vietnam. Vernacular name.— Chang (จั๋ง), Sang (สัง) (North-eastern). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Rhapis subtilis Becc., Webbia 3: 227. 1910.— R. siamensis Hodel, Palm J. 136: 19. 1997. Distribution.— Indo-China. Vernacular name.— Chang thai (จั๋งไทย), Chang tai (จั๋งไต) (Central). Use.— Ornamental. 31. SALACCA Reinw., Syll. Ratisb. 2: 3. 1828.— Salakka Reinw. ex Blume, Catalogus 112. 1823, orth. var.— Zalacca Rumph. ex Blume in J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1333. 1830, orth. var.— Lophospatha Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 752. 1942. Twenty species, Assam to S Central China and W Malesia. Four species in Thailand. 1. Salacca glabrescens Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 14. 1845. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular name.— Sala thai (สละไทย), Sala (สละ) (Narathiwat). 2. Salacca secunda Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 12. 1845. Distribution.— India (Assam) to S central China. Vernacular name.— Tong nam (ตองหนาม) (Mae Hong Son); Ko-ho (เกาะฮอ, กอเฮาะ) (Karen-Mae Hong Son). Use.— Edible heart or cabbage. 70 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 32 3. Salacca stolonifera Hodel, Palm J. 134: 35. 1997. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand. Vernacular name.— La kam khao (ละกําเขา), Sala khao (สละเขา) (Peninsular). 4. Salacca wallichiana Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 201. 1838.— Calamus zalacca Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 773. 1832.— Salacca macrostachya Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 13. 1845.— S. beccarii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 474. 1893. Distribution.— Indo-China to Sumatra. Vernacular name.— Rakam (ระกํา) (General); Cho-la-ka (เจาะละกา) (Chong-Trat). Use.— Edible fruits. 32. TRACHYCARPUS H. Wendl., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 8: 429. 1861. Eight species, Himalaya to S central China. One species in Thailand. Trachycarpus oreophilus Gibbons & Spanner, Principes 41: 205. 1997. Distribution.— N Thailand (Gibbons & Spanner 1997). Vernacular name.— Kho doi (คอดอย), Kho chiang dao (คอเชียงดาว) (Chiang Mai). 33. WALLICHIA Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 91. 1820.— Harina Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 317. 1826.— Wrightea Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: 621. 1832.— Asraoa J. Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 14: 144. 1972 publ. 1975. Nine species, Himalayas to S China. Three species in Thailand. 1. Wallichia disticha T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 6. 1871.— Didymosperma distichum (T. Anderson) Hook.f., Kew Rep. 1882: 61. 1884.— Wallichia yomae Kurz., Forest Fl. Burma 2: 533. 1877. Distribution.— E Himalaya to China (Yunnan). Vernacular name.— Mak na re suan (หมากนเรศวร) (Bangkok); Khueang bai khanang (เขืองใบแขนง), Khueang phat (เขืองพัด) (Central). Use.— Ornamental. 2. Wallichia marianniae Hodel, Palm J. 137: 8. 1997. Distribution.— SW & Peninsular Thailand. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST TO THAI PALMS (J. DRANSFIELD, A.S. BARFOD & R. PONGSATTAYAPIPAT) 71 3. Wallichia siamensis Becc., Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa Processi Verbali 44: 175. 1934. Distribution.— China (Yunnan) to N Thailand. Vernacular name.— Khueang (เขือง) (Chiang Mai); Khi nang (ขี้หนาง) (Northern); Tao rang nu (เตารางหนู) (Bangkok). Use.— Ornamental. EXOTIC PALMS COMMONLY CULTIVATED IN THAILAND FRUIT TREES AND OIL CROPS Areca catechu, Betelnut Palm Arenga pinnata, Sugar Palm Cocos nucifera, Coconut Palm Elaeis guineensis, African Oil Palm Salacca zalacca, Salak Palm STARCH TREES Metroxylon sagu, Sago Palm ORNAMENTALS Actinorhytis calapparia Licuala grandis, Parasol Palm Livistona rotundifolia, Foot Stool Palm Livistona chinensis, Chinese Fan Palm Corypha umbraculifera, Talipot Palm Rhapis excelsa, Lady Palm Rhapis humilis Dypsis lutescens, Golden Cane Palm Dypsis decaryi, Triangle Palm Wodyetia bifurcata, Foxtail Palm Bismarckia nobilis, Bismark Palm Latania loddigesii, Blue Latan Palm Acoelorraphe wrightii, Paurotis Palm Sabal spp., Palmetto palms Adonidia merrillii (syn. Veitchia merrillii), Christmas Palm Carpentaria acuminata Ptychosperma macarthurii, Macarthur Palm Roystonea regia, Cuban Royal Palm Pritchardia pacifica, Fiji Fan Palm REFERENCES Barfod, A. S. & Saw, L. G. 2002. The genus Licuala (Arecaceae, Coryphoideae) in Thailand. Kew Bulletin 57: 827–852. Barrow, S. 1998. A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bulletin 53: 513–575. Dransfield, J. 2000. Palm literature. Review of The Palms and Cycads of Thailand. Ed. by Donald R. Hodel. Palms 44(2): 98–100. ________. 2000. Calamus griseus (Arecaceae), a new species of rattan from Peninsular Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 28: 157–159. Dowe, J. 2001. Studies in the genus Livistona (Coryphoideae: Arecaceae). Ph.D. thesis. School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville. Evans, T. D., Sengdala, K, Viengkham, O. V., Thammavong, B. & Dransfield, J. 2000. Four new species of Calamus (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) from Laos and Thailand. Kew Bulletin 55: 929–940. 72 THAI FOREST BULLETIN(BOATANY) 32 Evans, T. D. et al. 2001. Calamus pauciflorus T. Evans et al. non Ridl. renamed Calamus oligistachys T. Evans et al. Kew Bulletin 56(1): 242. Evans, T. D. 2002. A new species of Calamus (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) from northeast Thailand. Kew Bulletin 57(1): 85–90. FAO. 1995. Tropical Palms. Non-Wood Forest Products 10. Retrieved June 2, 2003, from http://www. fao. org/docrep/X0451E/x0451e00. htm. Gibbons, M. & Spanner, T. W. 1997. Trachyocarpus oreophilus—the Thailand Trachycarpus. Principes 41 (4): 201–207. Hodel, D. R. 1997a. New species of palms from Thailand. Palm Journal 134: 28–37. ________. 1997b. New species of palms from Thailand, Part II. Palm Journal 136: 7–20. ________. 1998. Two new giant Caryota and additional new species of palms from Thailand. Palm Journal 139: 50–56. Hodel, D. R. & Vatcharakorn, P. 1998. The palms of Thailand. In: Hodel, D. R. (ed.), The palms and Cycads of Thailand, pp 1–177. Kampon Tansacha, Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand. Lim C. K. 1998. Notes on recent palm species and records from Peninsular Thailand. Principes, 42(2): 110–119. Smitinand, T. 2001. Thai Plant Names (Revised Edition). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. Bangkok. 812 pp.

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A preliminary checklist to Thai Palms

A preliminary checklist to Thai Palms

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